nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The context of context: Examining the associations between healthy and unhealthy measures of neighborhood food, physical activity, and social environments.
Venue: Preventive medicine

Multilevel health research often focuses on a singular dimension of the neighborhood environment in relation to individual level health behaviors (e.g. diet, physical activity) and outcomes (e.g. obesity) This study examined associations between healthy and unhealthy neighborhood features across food, physical activity, and social environments. We used neighborhood level (i.e. census block group) access (0/1) measures of the 1) food (grocery store, convenience store, fast food restaurant) 2) physical activity (fitness/recreation facility, park) and 3) social (crime, renter occupancy) environments to capture both healthy and unhealthy neighborhood features for a sample of neighborhoods (n=126) in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, United States. We employed a) bivariate correlations, or spatial regression where necessary, to identify significant associations between neighborhood access measures; and b) two step cluster analysis to identify neighborhood typologies based upon neighborhood access measures. Results demonstrated multiple significant associations between healthy and unhealthy access measures across the three neighborhood environments. Cluster analysis further confirmed that neighborhoods are not completely healthy or unhealthy, but rather can be characterized by neighborhood features that are both health promoting and health constraining. This study elucidates a 'context of context' whereby no singular aspect of a neighborhood completely explains health in individuals. Rather, in order to effectively model the association between neighborhood and individual level health, it may be necessary to account for the inter related nature of neighborhood features.
A CRITICAL RACE THEORY ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC PARK FEATURES IN LATINO IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS
Venue: Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race

The present day location of public parks should be understood in the proper social and historical context of residential segregation and urban development. In Los Angeles, discriminatory practices such as restrictive covenants were used not only for housing, but also to maintain segregated recreational spaces. In addition, the economic changes that came as a result of White flight, suburbanization, and inner city job loss brought with it a reduction in local government resources, including funds for public parks. These changes to the urban landscape disproportionately impacted low income immigrant communities, including Latino neighborhoods. Health disparities researchers are concerned with the inequitable distribution of parks and recreation facilities because it may contribute to disparities in physical inactivity and obesity, health risks that disproportionately impact Latinos. However, much of the literature investigating disparities in the built environment fails to include a racial analysis. The current study uses a Critical Race Theory framework to examine disparities in park availability in Los Angeles. We used a unique park dataset created in ArcGIS to carry out a county wide assessment of the availability of park features at the neighborhood level. Data come from two sources, the Los Angeles County Location Management System, which includes information on specific park features (e.g. swimming pools, parks and gardens, recreation centers) and the American Community Survey, which includes neighborhood level sociodemographic information. A zero inflated negative binomial regression model was used to test whether Latino immigrant neighborhood characteristics are associated with the availability of park features in Los Angeles. Results indicate that Latino immigrant neighborhoods have limited park availability. The discussion situates these findings of inequitable distribution of park resources in the appropriate social and historical context of Latinos living in Los Angeles.
Retrospective Review Essay: Neighborhood Life and Urban Environment

the physical urban environment buildings, sidewalks, streets, and parks. This reconsideration reviews the context of Cities, its central ideas, and its reception. The essay discusses the relationship of the work to urban sociology at the time of its writing and in the current situation. Jacobs's book emerges from the big city milieu of the 1950s: its politics, social life, and architecture. The effects of the Housing Acts of 1947 and 1954 had become apparent, as had those of the Interstate Highways Act of 1956. Large scale slum clearance had taken place, and working class housing had also been razed in some places. Numerous federally financed low income, multistoried apartment buildings had been erected. Urban renewal land was being used for upper middle class housing and for such institutional purposes as hospitals, universities, and cultural centers. Expressways of unprecedented dimensions were being constructed through the cities. Suburbs were growing rapidly, with residential environments of singlefamily detached houses, shopping centers, and other facilities tied to the technology of the automobile. Jacobs was highly aware of all these physical developments, but there were also major social developments underway which eluded her glance. The mass migration of blacks from the rural South to the cities went unnoted. The baby boom was in progress but not mentioned in the book. On the other hand, Jacobs anticipated one social development which was about to happen: the urban explosion of crime and fear. One British reviewer wrote that, when he saw chapter headings about safety, he expected a discussion of environmental accidents, and he was surprised to read about the prevention of violent crimes. It made him wonder about American society. Leading ideas of urban planners, architects, and reformers provide the intellectual context of the work. Ebenezer Howard's English "garden city" ideas imported by Lewis Mumford, Clarence Stein, Elizabeth Bauer Wurster, and others, with their advocacy of greenbelts, low densities, and
The Fiber Gap and the Disappearing Gut Microbiome: Implications for Human Nutrition
Venue: Trends in Endocrinology Metabolism

Increasing evidence indicates that modern lifestyle, and specifically a Western diet, has led to a substantial depletion of the human gut microbiome. This loss is implicated in the rampant increase of chronic diseases, providing an incentive to fundamentally transform human nutrition towards being more holistic and microbiome focused.
Cyclodextrins in Food Technology and Human Nutrition: Benefits and Limitations
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

Cyclodextrins are tasteless, odorless, nondigestible, noncaloric, noncariogenic saccharides, which reduce the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids. They have low glycemic index and decrease the glycemic index of the food. They are either non or only partly digestible by the enzymes of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and fermented by the gut microflora. Based on these properties, cyclodextrins are dietary fibers useful for controlling the body weight and blood lipid profile. They are prebiotics, improve the intestinal microflora by selective proliferation of bifidobacteria. These antiobesity and anti diabetic effects make them bioactive food supplements and nutraceuticals. In this review, these features are evaluated for a b and g cyclodextrins, which are the cyclodextrin variants approved by authorities for food applications. The mechanisms behind these effects are reviewed together with the applications as solubilizers, stabilizers of dietary lipids, such as unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and other nutraceuticals. The recent applications of cyclodextrins for reducing unwanted components, such as trans fats, allergens, mycotoxins, acrylamides, bitter compounds, as well as in smart active packaging of foods are also overviewed.
Impromptu Crowd Science and the Mystery of the Bechdel Wallace Test Movement
Venue: CHI Extended Abstracts

We propose the concept of 'impromptu crowd science' to analyze the Bechdel Wallace movement. We argue that the practice of using this test to evaluate movies generates a form of digitally distributed knowledge that reveals a challenging conceptual impasse. The current organization of the movement, mainly through blog and newspaper articles, quantitative analyses and wiki syntheses, does not encourage the formulation of theoretically innovative answers, remaining captive in a rhetorical style of balancing pros and cons. We propose that hybridizations between such impromptu crowd science and academic inquiries could stimulate crowd theorizing, and we extend this challenge as an invitation for HCI researchers.
Corporate Governance of Banks: A Survey

This paper reviews the empirical literature on the corporate governance of banks. We start by highlighting the main differences between banks and nonfinancial firms and focus on three characteristics that make banks special: (i) regulation, (ii) the capital structure of banks, and (iii) the complexity and opacity of their business and structure. Next, we discuss the characteristics of corporate governance in banks and how they differ from the governance of nonfinancial firms. We then review the evidence on three governance mechanisms: (i) boards, (ii) ownership structures, and (iii) executive compensation. Our review suggests that some of the empirical regularities found in the literature on corporate governance of nonfinancial institutions, such as the positive (negative) association between board independence (size) and performance, do not hold for banks. Also, existing work provides no conclusive results regarding the relationship between different governance mechanisms and various measures for banks' performance. We discuss potential explanations for these mixed results.
Random Environment Integer Valued Autoregressive Process

type="main" xml:id="jtsa12161 abs 0001" An r states random environment integer valued autoregressive process of order 1, RrINAR(1) is introduced. Also, a random environment process is separately defined as a selection mechanism of differently parameterized geometric distributions, thus ensuring the non stationary nature of the RrNGINAR(1) model based on the negative binomial thinning. The distributional and correlation properties of this model are discussed, and the k step ahead conditional expectation and variance are derived. Yule Walker estimators of model parameters are presented and their strong consistency is proved. The RrNGINAR(1) model motivation is justified on simulated samples and by its application to specific real life counting data.
Virtual machine resource scheduling algorithm for cloud computing based on auction mechanism

To overcome the problem of virtual machine (VM) scheduling in cloud computing, a novel adaptive VM resource scheduling algorithm based on auction mechanism is presented by considering multiple factors including network bandwidth and auction deadline. First, the sequencing of the clients' bids is conducted in the given competition deadline. Second, the client group is screened and corresponding VM resource is configured according to the minimum costs of the cloud service providers. Finally, the final payment price can be figured by considering the levels of average payments and competitive payments, so that the tasks clients request can be completed with the given VM resource. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively enhance the quality of service of the cloud environment, the profits of cloud service providers and the resource utilization rate of VM.
Using Differential Evolution to Improve Pheromone based Coordination of Swarms of Drones for Collaborative Target Detection
Venue: ICPRAM

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for adaptive coordination of drones, which performs collaborative target detection in unstructured environments. Coordination is based on digital pheromones released by drones when detecting targets, and maintained in a virtual environment. Adaptation is based on the Differential Evolution (DE) and involves the parametric behaviour of both drones and environment. More precisely, attractive/repulsive pheromones allow indirect communication between drones in a flock, concerning the availability/unavailability of recently found targets. The algorithm is effective if structural parameters are properly tuned. For this purpose DE combines different parametric solutions to increase the swarm performance. We focus first on the study of the principal parameters of the DE, i.e. the crossover rate and the differential weight. Then, we compare the performance of our algorithm with three different strategies on six simulated scenarios. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach.
Timespacing competence: multilingual children's linguistic worlds

Drawing on Kramsch's conceptualization of the multilingual subject and the symbolic self, in this paper, we explore how multilingual children re signify three intertwined myths about the bilingual student, linguistic diversity and language competence, when, in the researcher generated activity My linguistic world 2014, they are invited to map and talk about their lived experiences as multiple language users seen in the light of place and movement. By demythifying themselves and their linguistic worlds, the children also raise important questions about the notion of linguistic competence. By perceiving competences from a subjective child perspective, we learn how children do what we call timespacing competence. On that basis, we suggest paying attention to how children themselves timespace competence by focusing (more consistently) on the subjective, social, spatial and temporal dimensions of (knowing) language.
Evolucion historica de la higiene corporal: desde la edad antigua a las sociedades modernas actuales

The general aim of inquiry is to study the evolution of corporal hygiene holistically from ancient times to the present. As specific aims we considered: 1 to describe the health consequences of trends in corporal hygiene of modern societies; 2 to describe the role of modern nursing in corporal hygiene care.  an integrative review was conducted in Medline Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs data and a documentation Reverse Search, obtaining a total of 30 jobs. Daily personal hygiene habits have changed considerably throughout history. In ancient Greece and Rome the bathroom acquired social expression and entertainment in addition to therapeutic, and its etymological root is derived from the Greek goddess of health "Hygieia" In medieval times personal hygiene deserved only an aesthetic importance linking the disease with pobredumbre air, as in the Renaissance where the phantasmagoria around the bathroom also arises. In the nineteenth century, and advances in microbiology, the hygienist movement emerged also enriching hygiene as a concept. Currently developed societies achieve high levels of personal hygiene which recent research suggests that may be counterproductive to health, reconsidering what the best personal hygiene habits based on scientific evidence.
Mammalian Wildlife tourism in South East Asian tropical rainforests: The case of Endau Rompin national Park, Malaysia

AIHARA Y, HOSAKA T, YASUDA M, HASHIM M NUMATA S. 2016. Mammalian wildlife tourism in South East Asian tropical rainforests: the case of Endau Rompin National Park, Malaysia. Wildlife tourism is for the purpose of watching and/or encountering wildlife. In South east Asia, mammalian wildlife tourism is less popular than in Africa. This is because mammalian wildlife tourism in South East Asia is generally targeted at terrestrial national parks with forest fauna, as it is difficult to observe mammals in dense rainforest. To assess the potential of a South East Asian national park for mammalian wildlife tourism, a mixed methods approach was used, 1) mammalian wildlife based tourist attractions and 2) park use and visitor attitudes towards wildlife in Endau Rompin National Park, Peninsular Malaysia. There are potentially 149 mammalian species, including 24 threatened species, in Endau Rompin National Park. Camera trap data indicated that small and medium sized mammals do occur in these areas frequented by tourists. Footprints, nests, scratches and disturbance traces of various mammals were also observed. However, most visitors did not have high expectations regarding wildlife encounters, nor did many actually see wildlife during their stay. These results implied that animal signs and devices for indirect observation of elusive and/or rare animals were important at sites of mammalian wildlife based tourism. Additionally, Asian elephants could be a strong attraction for wildlife tourists, but there was concern about conflict between local people and elephants.
Solving Verbal Questions in IQ Test by Knowledge Powered Word Embedding
Venue: EMNLP

Verbal comprehension questions appear very frequently in Intelligence Quotient (IQ) tests, which measure human's verbal ability including the understanding of the words with multiple senses, the synonyms and antonyms, and the analogies among words. In this work, we explore whether such tests can be solved automatically by the deep learning technologies for text data. We found that the task was quite challenging, and simply applying existing technologies like word embedding could not achieve a good performance, due to the multiple senses of words and the complex relations among words. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel framework to automatically solve the verbal IQ questions by leveraging improved word embedding by jointly considering the multi sense nature of words and the relational information among words. Experimental results have shown that the proposed framework can not only outperform existing methods for solving verbal comprehension questions but also exceed the average performance of the Amazon Mechanical Turk workers involved in the study.
Integration of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Stage IV Oncogene Driven Lung Cancer.
Venue: The oncologist

UNLABELLED Genotype based selection of patients for targeted therapies has had a substantial impact on the treatment of non small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed at cancers driven by oncogenes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor mutations or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements, often achieve dramatic responses and result in prolonged survival compared with chemotherapy. However, TKI resistance invariably develops. Disease progression can be limited to only one or a few sites and might not be symptomatic, raising the important question of whether this type of oligoprogression warrants a change in systemic therapy or consideration of local treatment. Recent clinical observations suggest a growing role for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of oligoprogressive and perhaps even oligopersistent disease (primary and/or metastases) in oncogene driven NSCLC. SBRT might allow patients to continue with existing TKI treatments longer and delay the need to switch to other systemic options. We review the current data with regard to the use of SBRT for metastatic NSCLC and particularly oncogene driven disease. Although there is great promise in the marriage of targeted therapies with SBRT, prospective data are urgently needed. In the meantime, such strategies are being used in carefully selected patients, with risk adapted SBRT dose fractionation regimens used to optimize the therapeutic index.  PRACTICE Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or SBRT like treatments are increasingly being used for oligoprogression in patients with oncogene driven non small cell lung cancer. This approach allows patients to extend the duration of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy and has the potential to prolong survival times. Careful patient selection and risk adapted radiation dosing is of critical importance to minimize toxicity and preserve patient quality of life.
Bioactive Phytochemicals in Rice Bran: Processing and Functional Properties.

Rice bran is a by product of rice milling industry and constitutes around 10% of the total weight of rough rice. It is primarily composed of aleurone, pericarp, subaleurone layer and germ. Rice bran is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, dietary fiber and other sterols. The quantification of g oryzanol in Rice bran can be performed by many methods that involve extraction of Rice bran oil from the bran, followed by analysis of the amount of g oryzanol in the Rice bran oil by HPLC. In order to determine the amount of g oryzanol in Rice bran oil it is very important to completely extract this fraction from the oil. Various extraction techniques have been used for the analysis of g oryzanol in Rice bran oil such as liquid liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and direct solvent extraction. There is a widespread scientific agreement on various health benefits associated with consumption of dietary fiber. Consumer attitude towards health foods is promising and the scope of functional foods is growing in the world markets; rice bran is finding increased applications in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In addition to the physiological benefits provided by high fiber foods, studies have shown that fiber components can give texture, gelling, thickening, emulsifying and stabilizing properties to certain foods. Considering the importance of rice bran, this review aims to focus on the functionalities of rice bran, its health benefits and potential applications in food industry.
Security framework with active defence system for vehicular ad hoc networks
Venue: 2016 2nd International Conference on Frontiers of Signal Processing (ICFSP)

This paper presents a comprehensive security framework designed for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) to address problems related to traffic efficiency and public transport operations. The framework includes mechanisms for exchanging messages in a secured manner. Additionally, it provides means to monitor and to secure routing protocols, as well as to detect and remove untrusted nodes from the network.