nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Etude de la qualite immunologique et energetique du colostrum de la chienne impact sur la sante du chiot

Le colostrum joue un role important dans la survie du chiot en lui apportant les nutriments et les anticorps dont il a besoin pour sa survie durant ses premiers jours de vie. Nous avons definit la qualite immunologique du colostrum par sa concentration en IgG (en g/l) et sa qualite energetique par sa teneur en energie (en kcal/g) L'etude de la qualite immunologique a ete menee sur 139 chiennes et 657 chiots d'un elevage canin francais. Ni l'age, ni le format racial, ni la parite de la chienne, ni la taille de la portee n'ont montre d'influence sur la concentration en IgG du colostrum produit. Nous n'avons pas mis en evidence de lien entre la qualite immunologique du colostrum et la concentration en IgG serique a deux jours de vie du chiot. L'etude de la qualite energetique du colostrum a ete realisee sur 59 chiennes et 300 chiots. Les chiennes de moins de 15 kg produisent un colostrum de meilleure qualite energetique que les chiennes de plus grand format. Dans notre etude les chiennes de moins de 3 ans et les primipares semblent egalement produire un colostrum de meilleure qualite mais le nombre d'individu est trop faible pour conclure. Les chiots recevant un colostrum de mauvaise qualite energetique, que nous avons defini comme etant un colostrum ayant une valeur energetique inferieure a 1,145 kcal/g, ont 1,7 fois plus de risque d'avoir une glycemie a un jour de vie inferieure a 92 mg/dl et 1,9 fois plus de risque d'avoir un taux de croissance sur ses deux premiers jours de vie inferieur a 4% (ces deux situations augmentent le risque de mortalite neonatale du chiot) Le colostrum de mauvaise qualite energetique a en moyenne une concentration en IgG plus faible. Tres peu de chiots arrivent a couvrir leurs besoins immunologiques si leurs besoins energetiques ne le sont pas et meme s'ils y arrivent ils ont un risque de mortalite qui reste plus eleve. Il semble donc que le facteur le plus discriminant soit le manque d'energie et non le manque d'anticorps.
Prediction of geohydraulic pore pressure gradient differentials for hydrodynamic assessment of hydrogeological units using geophysical and laboratory techniques: a case study of the coastal sector of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria
Venue: Arabian Journal of Geosciences

We used borehole constrained geophysical measurements and laboratory analyses of water samples and hydrogeological unit samples to estimate the basic petrophysical parameters required in the Kozeny Carman Bear's equation. This led to the estimation of hydraulic conductivity, permeability and tortuosity. The evaluation of hydraulic pressure gradient differential and the hydraulic pressure differential was possible through Darcy's law. Our main objective was to assess the effect of hydraulic pressure gradient differential and that of the hydraulic pressure differential on the hydrodynamic coefficients of economically hydrogeologic units of the study area. The specific constants of water such as density, dynamic viscosity and acceleration due to gravity were all employed in estimating some of the parameters as required in the empirical relations used. Graphical relations were used to predict the generic behaviour between permeability and its dependence, and hydraulic pressure gradient and hydraulic pressure differentials respectively. The results of our analyses show that in arenaceous hydrogeologic units like sands characterised by interconnected/communicating pores, hydraulic pressure differential will be high as the thickness of the saturated unit increases the precondition for high hydrodynamic activity in the saturated medium. Again, in argillaceous materials, the hydraulic pressure gradient differential is high as it is caused by poor geofluid thickness penetration due to little or no communication between pores. This reduces the hydrodynamic coefficients like porosity and permeability in such hydrogeologic units. The observation of these hydraulic energy parameters in hydrogeologic units could be the physical basis for predicting groundwater flow and a guide to designing geofluid flow modelling programmes in saturated subsurface.
Data enabled prediction of streak breakdown in pressure gradient boundary layers
Venue: Journal of Fluid Mechanics

Streaks in pre transitional boundary layers are analysed and their properties are extracted from direct numerical simulation data. Streaks that induce breakdown to turbulence via secondary instability are shown to differ from the remainder of the population in various attributes. Conditionally averaged flow fields establish that they are situated farther away from the wall, and have a larger cross sectional area and higher peak amplitude. The analysis also shows that the momentum thickness acts as a similarity parameter for the properties of the streaks. Probability density functions of the streak amplitude, area, and shear along the streaks, collapse among the various pressure gradients when plotted as a function of the momentum thickness. A prediction scheme for laminar turbulent transition based on artificial neural networks is presented, which can identify the streaks that will eventually induce the formation of turbulent spots. In comparison to linear stability theory, the approach achieves a higher prediction accuracy at considerably lower computational cost.
Brain Events Underlying Episodic Memory Changes in Aging: A Longitudinal Investigation of Structural and Functional Connectivity.
Venue: Cerebral cortex

Episodic memories are established and maintained by close interplay between hippocampus and other cortical regions, but degradation of a fronto striatal network has been suggested to be a driving force of memory decline in aging. We wanted to directly address how changes in hippocampal cortical versus striatal cortical networks over time impact episodic memory with age. We followed 119 healthy participants (20 83 years) for 3.5 years with repeated tests of episodic verbal memory and magnetic resonance imaging for quantification of functional and structural connectivity and regional brain atrophy. While hippocampal cortical functional connectivity predicted memory change in young, changes in cortico striatal functional connectivity were related to change in recall in older adults. Within each age group, effects of functional and structural connectivity were anatomically closely aligned. Interestingly, the relationship between functional connectivity and memory was strongest in the age ranges where the rate of reduction of the relevant brain structure was lowest, implying selective impacts of the different brain events on memory. Together, these findings suggest a partly sequential and partly simultaneous model of brain events underlying cognitive changes in aging, where different functional and structural events are more or less important in various time windows, dismissing a simple uni factorial view on neurocognitive aging.
Comparison of Local Information Indices Applied in Resting State Functional Brain Network Connectivity Prediction
Venue: Front. Neurosci.

Anatomical distance has been widely used to predict functional connectivity because of the potential relationship between structural connectivity and functional connectivity. The basic implicit assumption of this method is "distance penalization." But studies have shown that one parameter model (anatomical distance) cannot account for the small worldness, modularity, and degree distribution of normal human brain functional networks. Two local information indices common neighbor (CN) and preferential attachment index (PA) are introduced into the prediction model as another parameter to emulate many key topological of brain functional networks in the previous study. In addition to these two indices, many other local information indices can be chosen for investigation. Different indices evaluate local similarity from different perspectives. Currently, we still have no idea about how to select local information indices to achieve higher predicted accuracy of functional connectivity. Here, seven local information indices are chosen, including CN, hub depressed index (HDI) hub promoted index (HPI) Leicht Holme Newman index (LHN I) Sorensen index (SI) PA, and resource allocation index (RA) Statistical analyses were performed on eight network topological properties to evaluate the predictions. Analysis shows that different prediction models have different performances in terms of simulating topological properties and most of the predicted network properties are close to the real data. There are four topological properties whose average relative error is less than 5% including characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency. CN model shows the most accurate predictions. Statistical analysis reveals that five properties within the CN predicted network do not differ significantly from the real data (P 0.05, false discovery rate method corrected for seven comparisons) PA model shows the worst prediction performance which was first applied in models of growth networks. Our results suggest that PA is not suitable for predicting connectivity in a small world network. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the predictions rapidly, prediction power was proposed as an evaluation metric. The current study compares the predictions of functional connectivity with seven local information indices and provides a reference of method selection for construction of prediction models.
Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms in College Students: The Complex Interplay between Alexithymia, Emotional Dysregulation and Rumination
Venue: PloS one

Both Emotional Cascade Theory and Linehan's Biosocial Theory suggest dysregulated behaviors associated with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) emerge, in part, because of cycles of rumination, poor emotional recognition and poor emotion regulation. In this study we examined relationships between rumination, alexithymia, and emotion regulation in predicting dysregulated behaviors associated with BPD (e.g. self harm, substance use, aggression) and explored both indirect and moderating effects among these variables. The sample comprised 2261 college students who completed self report measures of the aforementioned constructs. BPD symptoms, stress, family psychological illness, and alexithymia exerted direct effects on behaviors. Symptoms had an indirect effect on behaviors through rumination, alexithymia and emotional dysregulation. In addition, the relationship between symptoms and dysregulated behaviors was conditional on level of rumination and alexithymia. Implications for early identification and treatment of BPD and related behaviors in college settings are discussed.
Psychotherapy Utilization and Presenting Concerns Among Polynesian American College Students

In this study, we examined psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, reported distress levels, and psychotherapy outcomes among Polynesian American students presenting for services at a counseling center. We collected data at intake, during therapy sessions, and at termination for 415 Polynesian American and 18,117 European American students over a 17 year period. Polynesian American students were equally likely to utilize counseling services as European American students but were more likely to drop out earlier. At intake, these students reported higher numbers of presenting concerns and greater levels of emotional and psychological distress than European American students. Polynesian American students reported significantly higher scores on racial discrimination, physical abuse, and family dependence. Implications for counseling center programs and services are discussed.
Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
Venue: Psychological Medicine

Although mental disorders are significant predictors of educational attainment throughout the entire educational career, most research on mental disorders among students has focused on the primary and secondary school years.  The World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys were used to examine the associations of mental disorders with college entry and attrition by comparing college students (n 1572) and non students in the same age range (18 22 years; n 4178) including non students who recently left college without graduating (n 702) based on surveys in 21 countries (four low/lower middle income, five upper middle income, one lower middle or upper middle at the times of two different surveys, and 11 high income) Lifetime and 12 month prevalence and age of onset of DSM IV anxiety, mood, behavioral and substance disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Results One fifth (20.3% of college students had 12 month DSM IV/CIDI disorders; 83.1% of these cases had pre matriculation onsets. Disorders with pre matriculation onsets were more important than those with post matriculation onsets in predicting subsequent college attrition, with substance disorders and, among women, major depression the most important such disorders. Only 16.4% of students with 12 month disorders received any 12 month healthcare treatment for their mental disorders.  Mental disorders are common among college students, have onsets that mostly occur prior to college entry, in the case of pre matriculation disorders are associated with college attrition, and are typically untreated. Detection and effective treatment of these disorders early in the college career might reduce attrition and improve educational and psychosocial functioning.
Screening for Functional Non coding Genetic Variants Using Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and DNA affinity Precipitation Assay (DAPA)
Venue: Journal of visualized experiments JoVE

Population and family based genetic studies typically result in the identification of genetic variants that are statistically associated with a clinical disease or phenotype. For many diseases and traits, most variants are non coding, and are thus likely to act by impacting subtle, comparatively hard to predict mechanisms controlling gene expression. Here, we describe a general strategic approach to prioritize non coding variants, and screen them for their function. This approach involves computational prioritization using functional genomic databases followed by experimental analysis of differential binding of transcription factors (TFs) to risk and non risk alleles. For both electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and DNA affinity precipitation assay (DAPA) analysis of genetic variants, a synthetic DNA oligonucleotide (oligo) is used to identify factors in the nuclear lysate of disease or phenotype relevant cells. For EMSA, the oligonucleotides with or without bound nuclear factors (often TFs) are analyzed by non denaturing electrophoresis on a tris borate EDTA (TBE) polyacrylamide gel. For DAPA, the oligonucleotides are bound to a magnetic column and the nuclear factors that specifically bind the DNA sequence are eluted and analyzed through mass spectrometry or with a reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) followed by Western blot analysis. This general approach can be widely used to study the function of non coding genetic variants associated with any disease, trait, or phenotype.
EMSA Eritin polyherbal can suppress NF kB activation and decrease IL 17 cytokine in an irradiated mice model

Eritin which consists of red rice, soybean, and coconut water extract has been widely reported as having antioxidant activity. This study aimed to analyse the effect of EMSA Eritin on nuclear factor (NF) kB activation and pro inflammatory cytokines IL 17 after radiation exposure. The experiments were carried out in the irradiated mouse model (6 Gy) Oral administration of EMSA Eritin 1.04, 3.125, and 9.375 mg/g BW for 14 days was compared with injections of 4.16 mg Erythropoietin aTM (EPO) This study shows an increase in NF kB activation and IL 17 production in irradiated mice compared to normal mice (p .05) EPO injection could not prevent these changes. Oral administration of EMSA Eritin suppressed NF kB activation, and also decreased production of pro inflammatory IL 17 significantly (p .05) compared with irradiated mice and irradiated mice treated with EPO.
Thin profile flip chip package on package development
Venue: 2016 11th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT)

As the demands of higher performance, higher bandwidth, and lower power consumption as well as multiple functions increases, the industry is driving advance technology developments in emerging markets, especially in portable and mobile devices to meet these requirements. The utilization of emerging technologies is pushing smaller form factor package designs with finer line width and spacing as well as improved electric and thermal performance and passive embedded technology capabilities. Due to the fast growth in emerging markets for mobile applications, a numbers of wireless devices have jumped to 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication platform and may ramp to 5G generation technology in the next two to three years. In addition, advanced silicon (Si) node (20/16/14nm and below) technology development in mobile applications can pursue the die size reduction, efficiency enhancement and lower power consumption. Based on these demands and evolution of the mobile communication platform, package types become more complicated and have migrated from wirebond packaging to flip chip chip scale package (fcCSP) when higher input/output (I/O) counts are needed. For the purpose of having the shortest interconnection between logic devices and mobile low power double data rate (LPDDR) memory, three dimensional (3D) package on package solutions with flip chip interconnect (fcPoP) has been widely utilized. With the ability to stack a logic processor and memory device in a single package, the utilization of fcPoP is becoming a preferred solution for achieving the best performance and efficiency as well as smaller form factor in the mobile market segment. Since the industry adopted fcPoP as a dominant package approach to address the mid to high end mobile market, various fcPoP developments have been widely discussed. Among these fcPoP structures, bare die package on package (BD PoP) and molded laser package on package (MLP PoP) are the most common fcPoP types being utilized in mobile applications today. Challenges in finer pitch memory devices, thinner package profiles, stringent package warpage/coplanarity requirements as well as Surface Mount Technology (SMT) processes are being addressed. This paper reports the BD PoP and MLP PoP developments with a 15x15mm package size that achieve the thin profile and warpage/coplanarity targets. Through the result, low profile (total package height less than 1.2mm) solutions for both BD PoP and MLP PoP in mobile applications have been fabricated and demonstrated. The warpage/coplanarity control as well as reliability characterization will also illustrated, which shows these architectures are cost effective 3D packaging solutions for highly integrated, miniaturized and low profile enabling technology.
WTO Law Constraints on Border Tax Adjustment and Tax Credit Mechanisms to Reduce the Competitive Effects of Carbon Taxes

It is possible to design an import border tax adjustment that would pose a reduced risk of violating World Trade Organization (WTO) law, and, in the event a violation is found, an increased likelihood of satisfying the requirements for an exception. The lowest risk of successful WTO legal challenge would be presented by a border tax adjustment (BTA) in relation to a national product based tax that does not vary by reference to carbon intensity of production, but is set at a fixed rate for specified categories of products. A national carbon consumption tax that varies by reference to the carbon intensity of production could achieve many of the same goals as the combination of a national carbon tax on production combined with an import BTA. If the consumption tax structure is not used, then an export border tax adjustment could address the foreign market competitiveness issue, but might significantly reduce the likelihood of the related import BTA satisfying the requirements for a WTO law exception. Alternatively, it is possible to provide domestic subsidies to high carbon industries.
Learning string distance with smoothing for OCR spelling correction
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications

Large databases of scanned documents (medical records, legal texts, historical documents) require natural language processing for retrieval and structured information extraction. Errors caused by the optical character recognition (OCR) system increase ambiguity of recognized text and decrease performance of natural language processing. The paper proposes OCR post correction system with parametrized string distance metric. The correction system learns specific error patterns from incorrect words and common sequences of correct words. A smoothing technique is proposed to assign non zero probability to edit operations not present in the training corpus. Spelling correction accuracy is measured on database of OCR legal documents in English language. Language model and learning string metric with smoothing improves Viterbi based search for the best sequence of corrections and increases performance of the spelling correction system.
Advantages of isochoric freezing for food preservation: A preliminary analysis

Motivated by an interest in developing more efficient and economical methods for long term preservation of food in a frozen state, we have explored the concept of isochoric (constant volume) freezing. In this theoretical study, we have developed a new set of equations that describe the process of freezing in the isochoric system. Unlike isobaric systems, in isochoric systems, the pressure is not constant and affects the phase transition temperature in a way prescribed by equilibrium thermodynamics. Fundamental thermodynamic principles, were used to derive an equation that facilitates the calculation of the temperature of the change of phase interface during the freezing process as a function of the quality of the system (the extent of freezing) A simple one dimensional case study demonstrates the advantages of isochoric freezing of food. These advantages include the ability to freeze only part of the system at recommended food storage temperature, which results in substantial energy savings and conditions that will likely lead to stored food of better quality.