nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy: Physiological Effects and Clinical Data

In patients with mild to moderate acute respiratory failure the commonly used techniques to ameliorate gas exchange are oxygen therapy and non invasive ventilation (NIV) However due to mask intolerance, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, muscle fatigue and hypoxemia, intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation are frequently required. High flow nasal cannulas, originally developed to improve gas exchange in neonatal and pediatric settings, have recently been evaluated in various groups of adult critically ill patients. High flow nasal cannulas deliver a high humidified air/oxygen gas flow (up to 60 l/min) via a nasal cannula. The main advantages of high flow nasal cannulas are the ability to deliver a very high flow of humidified gas, exceeding, in the majority of patients, the peak inspiratory flow, with a constant oxygen fraction and the use, as interface, of a nasal cannula which can insure patient comfort. Several studies have shown that use of high flow nasal cannulas was able to improve gas exchange and reduce the respiratory rate and, in selected patients, also to improve outcomes.
High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy in Adults: Physiological Benefits, Indication, Clinical Benefits, and Adverse Effects
Venue: Respiratory Care

High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is carried out using an air/oxygen blender, active humidifier, single heated tube, and nasal cannula. Able to deliver adequately heated and humidified medical gas at flows up to 60 L/min, it is considered to have a number of physiological advantages compared with other standard oxygen therapies, including reduced anatomical dead space, PEEP, constant FIO2, and good humidification. Although few large randomized clinical trials have been performed, HFNC has been gaining attention as an alternative respiratory support for critically ill patients. Published data are mostly available for neonates. For critically ill adults, however, evidence is uneven because the reports cover various subjects with diverse underlying conditions, such as hypoxemic respiratory failure, exacerbation of COPD, postextubation, preintubation oxygenation, sleep apnea, acute heart failure, and conditions entailing do not intubate orders. Even so, across the diversity, many published reports suggest that HFNC decreases breathing frequency and work of breathing and reduces the need for respiratory support escalation. Some important issues remain to be resolved, such as definitive indications for HFNC and criteria for timing the starting and stopping of HFNC and for escalating treatment. Despite these issues, HFNC has emerged as an innovative and effective modality for early treatment of adults with respiratory failure with diverse underlying diseases.
Urban spatial structure and commute duration: An empirical study of China

Urban traffic is embedded in and fundamentally shaped by the spatial pattern of urban land use, such as city size, density, extent of polycentricity, and the relationship between employment and residential locations. Previous evidence, mainly from European and American cities, suggests that the duration of commute trips increases with city size and the spatial separation between jobs and housing. On the other hand, the influences of density and polycentricity are less clear. Using data from 164 cities in China, this study empirically analyzes the relationship between city average commute duration and multiple dimensions of urban spatial structure. Controlling for economic, demographic, and infrastructure characteristics, we find that commute duration correlates positively with city size and jobs housing separation but negatively with density and polycentricity. As one of the earliest studies on commute cost in the rapidly urbanizing and motorizing Chinese cities, this study can help Chinese decision makers improve urban economic and environmental efficiency through spatial planning and policy making. Specifically, compact, mixed use, and polycentric spatial development may ease the burden of commute, and thus substitute for unnecessary infrastructure investment and energy consumption during a period of rapid urban expansion in China.
Visual impairment, but not hearing impairment, is independently associated with lower subjective well being among individuals over 95 years of age: A population based study.
Venue: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics

Sensory impairment affects an increasing number of elderly adults, with a negative psychological impact. Our objective was to examine the associations of visual and hearing impairment with subjective well being (SWB) an important psychological concept defined by life satisfaction [LS] positive affect [PA] negative affect [NA] and affect balance [AB] among long lived individuals (LLIs) over 95 years of age.  Data on 442 LLIs from the Rugao longevity cohort, a population based study in Rugao, China, were analyzed. Graded classifications of visual and hearing impairment (none, mild, moderate, and severe) were constructed from self reported items. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed to test the associations.  Approximately 66.1% and 87.3% of the subjects reported varying degrees of visual and hearing impairment. Following the degree of vision impairment, LS, PA, and AB decreased linearly, whereas NA increased linearly (all p for trend<0.05) Vision was significantly related to LS (r=0.238, p<0.001) PA (r=0.142, p<0.01) NA (r= 0.157, p<0.001) and AB (r=0.206, p<0.001) After adjustment for multiple variables including functional ability, an important factor of SWB, the associations of vision impairment with LS, NA, and AB, while diminished, still existed.  Visual impairment, but not hearing impairment, was independently associated with low SWB among LLIs, and functional ability may play a mediating role in the observed relationship. The findings indicate that rehabilitation targeted for those with reduced vision and functioning in long lived populations may be important for promoting well being and quality of life.
Cloud Based Actor Identification With Batch Orthogonal Local Sensitive Hashing and Sparse Representation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia

Recognizing and retrieving multimedia content with movie/TV series actors, especially querying actor specific videos in large scale video datasets, has attracted much attention in both the video processing and computer vision research field. However, many existing methods have low efficiency both in training and testing processes and also a less than satisfactory performance. Considering these challenges, in this paper, we propose an efficient cloud based actor identification approach with batch orthogonal local sensitive hashing (BOLSH) and multi task joint sparse representation classification. Our approach is featured by the following: 1) videos from movie/TV series are segmented into shots with the cloud based shot boundary detection; 2) while faces in each shot are detected and tracked, the cloud based BOLSH is then implemented on these faces for feature description; 3) the sparse representation is then adopted for actor identification in each shot; and 4) finally, a simple application, actor specific shots retrieval is realized to verify our approach. We conduct extensive experiments and empirical evaluations on a large scale dataset, to demonstrate the satisfying performance of our approach considering both accuracy and efficiency.
Preoperative halo gravity traction with and without thoracoscopic anterior release for skeletal dysplasia patients with severe kyphoscoliosis
Venue: Journal of children's orthopaedics

PurposeRecent work has shown the safety and efficacy of halo gravity traction as an operative adjunct. However, there are no reports specifically looking at halo gravity traction in patients with skeletal dysplasia. Our purpose was to assess the safety and efficacy of traction in children with skeletal dysplasia who present with severe kyphoscoliosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed eight consecutive children with skeletal dysplasia who were treated with halo gravity traction preoperatively. Six of the patients had a thoracoscopic anterior release prior to the halo gravity traction. All patients were ambulatory and presented with severe, rigid kyphoscoliosis.ResultsThe mean duration of traction was 32 days. There were no neurologic complications with traction or after posterior spinal instrumentation. The majority of kyphoscoliosis correction was with the halo gravity traction alone: major curve (MC) Cobb angle improved 41 C7 center sacral vertical line, 75 C7 MC apex, 21 and T2 T12 kyphosis, 35 Trunk height increased 37 and thoracic height 44 An additional amount of correction was obtained with posterior spinal instrumentation fusion) decreasing MC Cobb angle an additional 23 C7 apex, 16 and T2 T12 kyphosis, 10 There was no additional correction of thoracic height. Two years after posterior spinal instrumentation fusion) a mild to moderate amount of correction was lost: MC Cobb angle decreased 23 compensatory Cobb angle, 28 C7 CSVL, 24 C7 S1, 22 regional kyphosis, 31 thoracic kyphosis, 29 and trunk height, 27 .ConclusionsAmong children with skeletal dysplasia and severe kyphosis, halo gravity traction is well tolerated and safe. Most of the corrections in radiographic parameters were achieved with traction alone. Traction improves coronal balance, apical translation, thoracic height, and kyphosis. In this specific population, the potential for neurologic injury during corrective surgery is high. However, preoperative halo gravity traction provides slow, progressive correction in a safe manner and avoided neurologic injury in these patients. This study did not compare patients without halo gravity traction to patients with halo gravity traction, therefore it cannot be concluded that going straight to instrumentation without traction will give a poorer radiographic result.
Paediatric Orthopaedics in Clinical Practice

in clinical practice springer paediatric orthopaedics in clinical practice gkok paediatric orthopaedics in clinical practice buskit paediatric orthopaedics in clinical practice cvee paediatric orthopaedics in clinical practice baulucht treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures evidence treatment of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures pediatric orthopedics in practice springer seminal papers in paediatric orthopaedics the efficacy of an extended scope physiotherapy clinic in practice of paediatric orthopaedics ovid benchmarks for children's orthopaedic nursing care paediatric orthopaedics part 3 royal children's hospital chapter 38. paediatric orthopaedics hse clinical application of straight leg traction jhch 10.5
CONCEPTUALISING INNOVATIVE BUSINESS MODELS FOR SUSTAINABLE SPORT TOURISM

In today's complex business environment, creating and delivering value to the customer, as the ultimate goal of business models, implies continuous research of elements and relationships within the business model. Despite the growing level of quality research in the field of business models, there seems to be a remarkable gap in the topic of tourism, especially in sport tourism. Being a unique combination of an experience oriented activity (i.e. tourism) and a performance oriented activity (i.e. sport) sport tourism presents many challenges to service providers. In fostering sustainable and profitable sport tourism, it is reasonable to ask how complex challenges affect business models and whether new model definitions and elements should be propounded. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual business model for sport tourism that will consider some critical issues that challenge the industry. First, a range of contrasting perspectives regarding business model elements will be analysed. Second, three potentially significant issues for sport tourism operators tourist experience, safety and security, and the importance of the environment will be analysed, and their position within the context of the business model will be discussed. Finally, a new conceptual business model framework for sport tourism will be proposed. This framework would facilitate research into the managerial aspects of sport tourism supply to provide additional guidelines for practitioners, particularly for small, private owned businesses.
Discovering Approximate Functional Dependencies from Distributed Big Data
Venue: APWeb

Approximate Functional Dependencies (AFDs) discovered from database relations have proven to be useful for various tasks, such as knowledge discovery, query optimization. Previous research has proposed different algorithms to discover AFDs from a centralized relational database. However, none of the proposed algorithms is designed to discover AFDs from distributed data. In this paper, we devise a scalable and efficient approach to discover AFDs from distributed big data and not tied to main memory requirements. To improve the efficiency of AFDs discovery, statistics of local data in each site are collected to filter and prune the candidate AFDs set at first. The AFDs are discovered in parallel after data redistribution. We balance the load as much as possible before the redistribution of data and prune the candidate AFDs set quickly after the redistribution of data. We evaluate our approach using real and synthetic big datasets and the results show that our approach is more efficient and scalable on large relations and the number of nodes.
Labor Markets with Endogenous Job Referral Networks: Theory and Empirical Evidence

This paper develops a model of frictional job search in which job referral networks evolve endogenously in response to local labor market conditions. An intuitive "Network Balance" condition characterizes the equilibrium density of the job referral network. The model helps explain observed counter cyclical movements in referral based search, and shows that endogenous referral networks may amplify labor market shocks. It also implies that the use of referrals by others limits the effectiveness of referral based search. I find support for this prediction using data from the Cornell National Social Survey. The data show workers are less likely to find jobs through referral in markets where referrals are more widely used.
Deep learning for integrated hand detection and pose estimation
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

We propose a novel framework which integrates human hand detection and pose estimation into one single pipeline. Unlike most of previous works which only focus on the pose estimation part subject to some strong assumptions or relying on a weak detector to detect human hands, we employ a deep learning architecture to complete both aforementioned tasks. By letting three different neural networks share the convolutional layers, this deeply learning architecture can efficiently and accurately detect human hands and compute their hand pose configuration. Moreover, we propose a new energy function to optimize the predicted result of convolutional neural network. To validate the proposed framework, experiments have been conducted and the results show that our approach is highly reliable and suitable for real world applications.
The compression chord capacity model for the shear design and assessment of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams

This is the accepted version of the following article: [Cladera, A. Mari, A. Bairan, J. M. Ribas, C. Oller, E. and Duarte, N. (2016) The compression chord capacity model for the shear design and assessment of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams. Structural Concrete,   which has been published in final form at http:/onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF BIOFERTILIZER INOCULATION FOR SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L. PRODUCTION UNDER SALINE SODIC CONDITIONS

Present study was carried out at NARC, Islamabad during kharif season 2012 13. Thirty six bacterial strains were isolated but only eight were selected because of their high indole acetic acid (IAA) phosphorus solubilization (PS) and ACC deaminase activity. These strains were tested in two field trials under different salinity levels (9.43 and 7.51 dS m 1 Sunflower seeds were inoculated with biofertilizer containing these strains. Six treatments; T1 (un inoculated) T2 (KS 44) T3 (KS 7) T4 (KS 41) T5 (KS 42) and T6 (KS mixture) were tested in these experiments. Economic analyses of two field experiments was carried out to select the best alternative treatment bearing optimum economic benefits against control (un inoculated) The data revealed that treatment T2 (KS 44) had the highest cost benefit ratio (1:4.36) marginal rate of return (16665) and residual value (117190) Rs ha 1 among all treatments at site1 (EC 9.43dS m 1 whereas at site 2 (EC 7.51dS m 1 treatment T2 (KS 44) also had the highest cost benefit ratio (1:4.31) marginal rate of return 9628 and residual value 114598 Rs ha 1 among all treatments and proved to be the best treatment on both sites. Hence bio fertilizer containing these PGPR strains could be recommended to get maximum return from saline sodic soils by growing hybrid sunflower crop (SMH 0917)
A Simplified Synchronous Reference Frame for Indirect Current Controlled Three level Inverter based Shunt Active Power Filters

This paper presents a new simplified harmonics extraction algorithm based on the synchronous reference frame (SRF) for an indirect current controlled (ICC) three level neutral point diode clamped (NPC) inverter based shunt active power filter (SAPF) The shunt APF is widely accepted as one of the most effective current harmonics mitigation tools due to its superior adaptability in dynamic state conditions. In its controller, the SRF algorithm which is derived based on the direct quadrature (DQ) theory has played a significant role as a harmonics extraction algorithm due to its simple implementation features. However, it suffers from significant delays due to its dependency on a numerical filter and unnecessary computation workloads. Moreover, the algorithm is mostly implemented for the direct current controlled (DCC) based SAPF which operates based on a non sinusoidal reference current. This degrades the mitigation performances since the DCC based operation does not possess exact information on the actual source current which suffers from switching ripples problems. Therefore, three major improvements are introduced which include the development of a mathematical based fundamental component identifier to replace the numerical filter, the removal of redundant features, and the generation of a sinusoidal reference current. The proposed algorithm is developed and evaluated in MATLAB Simulink. A laboratory prototype utilizing a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP) is also implemented to validate effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Both simulation and experimental results are presented. They show significant improvements in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and dynamic response when compared to a conventional SRF algorithm.
Three phase three level shunt active power filter with simplified synchronous reference frame
Venue: 2016 IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications Conference (IEACon)

Shunt active power filter (SAPF) is the most effective solution to current harmonics. In its controller, Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) principle has widely been applied in current harmonics extraction algorithm due to its simple implementation features. However, the conventional SRF algorithm performs with serious time delay due to strong reliance on sluggish numerical filters. Moreover, the algorithm is still considered to possess unnecessary features which impose excessive computational burden to the designed controller. Therefore, this paper presents a simplified SRF algorithm with improved performance for the purpose of current harmonics extraction in three phase three level neutral point diode clamped (NPC) inverter based SAPF. Two potential modifications are implemented which include replacement of numerical filter with mathematical based average identifier to improve mitigation performance and removal of redundant features to reduce algorithm complexity. The proposed algorithm is developed and evaluated in MATLAB Simulink. Simulation results have confirmed the improvement achieved by the proposed algorithm in comparison to the conventional algorithm.
Enhanced Instantaneous Power Theory with Average Algorithm for Indirect Current Controlled Three Level Inverter Based Shunt Active Power Filter under Dynamic State Conditions

An enhanced harmonics extraction algorithm based on Instantaneous Power (PQ) Theory is proposed for indirect current controlled (ICC) three level neutral point diode clamped (NPC) inverter based shunt active power filter (SAPF) SAPF is famous in current harmonics mitigation for its flexibility in dealing with dynamic state conditions. As for its controller, PQ Theory has served the major role in harmonics extraction algorithm due to its simple implementation features. However, it suffers from serious time delay due to its dependency on sluggish numerical filters. Furthermore, the algorithm is mostly designed to suit the operation of direct current controlled (DCC) SAPF which requires the knowledge of actual SAPF current (injection current) This leads to inaccurate mitigation as the injection current does not possess the exact information on actual source current which suffers from switching ripples problems. Therefore, two major modifications are introduced involving the development of mathematical average algorithm to replace numerical filter for fundamental real power computation and the formation of mathematical current relationship to change DCC to ICC based operation. The proposed algorithm is developed and evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink. From the simulation results, significant improvement in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and response time is presented in comparison to conventional algorithm.
Prediction models for cardiovascular disease risk in the general population: systematic review
Venue: British Medical Journal

To provide an overview of prediction models for risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the general population.   Medline and Embase until June 2013.  Studies describing the development or external validation of a multivariable model for predicting CVD risk in the general population.  9965 references were screened, of which 212 articles were included in the review, describing the development of 363 prediction models and 473 external validations. Most models were developed in Europe (n=167, 46% predicted risk of fatal or non fatal coronary heart disease (n=118, 33% over a 10 year period (n=209, 58% The most common predictors were smoking (n=325, 90% and age (n=321, 88% and most models were sex specific (n=250, 69% Substantial heterogeneity in predictor and outcome definitions was observed between models, and important clinical and methodological information were often missing. The prediction horizon was not specified for 49 models (13% and for 92 (25% crucial information was missing to enable the model to be used for individual risk prediction. Only 132 developed models (36% were externally validated and only 70 (19% by independent investigators. Model performance was heterogeneous and measures such as discrimination and calibration were reported for only 65% and 58% of the external validations, respectively.  There is an excess of models predicting incident CVD in the general population. The usefulness of most of the models remains unclear owing to methodological shortcomings, incomplete presentation, and lack of external validation and model impact studies. Rather than developing yet another similar CVD risk prediction model, in this era of large datasets, future research should focus on externally validating and comparing head to head promising CVD risk models that already exist, on tailoring or even combining these models to local settings, and investigating whether these models can be extended by addition of new predictors.