nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Non tubal ectopic pregnancy
Venue: Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

Purpose11 per 1000 pregnancies are ectopic (NICE Guidelines, 2012) with 95 of ectopic pregnancies being tubal in origin, and 80 of these occurring within the ampulla (The Ectopic Pregnancy Trust) 5% therefore are non tubal. In this review we aim to collate literature relevant to non tubal ectopic pregnancy.MethodsLiterature regarding cornual, ovarian, abdominal, interstitial, cervical and Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy was reviewed using EMBASE and Medline databases.ResultsNon tubal ectopic pregnancies are often overlooked, diagnosed late and are associated with higher maternal morbidity and mortality. Ultrasound remains the mainstay of diagnosis in corroboration with clinical features. Management may include medical treatment with methotrexate, surgery or expectancy. There is also an increasing interest in the use of minimally invasive radiological approaches.ConclusionsNon tubal ectopic pregnancy is a rare but potentially life threatening and often misdiagnosed condition. This is particularly pertinent for Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancies, the prevalence of which is increasing due to the rising proportion of women having Caesarean sections (Litwicka and Greco, 2011) Practitioners should be aware of non tubal pregnancies to aid more efficient diagnosis, optimise management and increase patient safety.
Abdominal ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and single embryo transfer: a case report and systematic review
Venue: Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

BackgroundEctopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during the first trimester and the incidence increases dramatically with assisted reproductive technology (ART) occurring in approximately 1.5 2.1 of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) Abdominal ectopic pregnancy is a rare yet clinically significant form of ectopic pregnancy due to potentially high maternal morbidity. While risk factors for ectopic pregnancy after IVF have been studied, very little is known about risk factors specific for abdominal ectopic pregnancy. We present a case of a 30 year old woman who had an abdominal ectopic pregnancy following IVF and elective single embryo transfer, which was diagnosed and managed by laparoscopy. We performed a systematic literature search to identify case reports of abdominal or heterotopic abdominal ectopic pregnancies after IVF. A total of 28 cases were identified.ResultsPatients' ages ranged from 23 to 38 (Mean 33.2, S.D. 3.2) Infertility causes included tubal factor (46 endometriosis (14 male factor (14 pelvic adhesive disease (7 structural/DES exposure (7 and unexplained infertility (14 A history of ectopic pregnancy was identified in 39 of cases. A history of tubal surgery was identified in 50 of cases, 32 cases having had bilateral salpingectomy. Transfer of two embryos or more (79 and fresh embryo transfer (71 were reported in the majority of cases. Heterotopic abdominal pregnancy occurred in 46 of cases while 54 were abdominal ectopic pregnancies.ConclusionsOur systematic review has revealed several trends in reported cases of abdominal ectopic pregnancy after IVF including tubal factor infertility, history of tubal ectopic and tubal surgery, higher number of embryos transferred, and fresh embryo transfers. These are consistent with known risk factors for ectopic pregnancy following IVF. Further research focusing on more homogenous population may help in better characterizing this rare IVF complication and its risks.
New Generation of Gold Nanoshell Coated Esophageal Stent: Preparation and Biomedical Applications.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Esophageal cancer is one of the six most common cancers in the world, constituting ~7% of the gastrointestinal cancers. Esophageal stents can be inserted into the esophagus to open the pathway as a palliative treatment for advanced esophageal cancer. For the treatment of esophageal cancer, a series of anticancer drug loaded stents such as paclitaxel or 5 fluorouracil/esophageal stent combinations have been prepared by covering a nitinol stent with a polymer or hydrogel shell. For the first time, we developed a gold nanoshell (AuNS) coated stent with high photothermal efficiency and used in the repetitive photothermal therapy of esophageal cancer. The functionalized stent was prepared by using surface coated polydopamine as the Au3+ anchor and template. The thickness of the AuNS can be easily adjusted by controlling the reaction time and amount of Au3+ The AuNS coated stent efficiently increased the temperature of pork and porcine intestines irradiated with a near infrared (NIR) laser. The deep penetration of the NIR laser and excellent stability of the stent provide opportunity for the clinical applications of the newly functionalized stent. In vitro toxicity experiments showed excellent biocompatibility and safety of this device. Compared with bare metal stent, AuNS modified stent exhibits great potential to open the duct passageway and suppress tumor growth in future clinical applications.
Classification Based Financial Markets Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are powerful types of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that use several hidden layers. They have recently gained considerable attention in the speech transcription and image recognition community for their superior predictive properties including robustness to over fitting. However their application to algorithmic trading has not been previously researched, partly because of their computational complexity. This paper describes the application of DNNs to predicting financial market movement directions. In particular we describe the configuration and training approach and then demonstrate their application to back testing a simple trading strategy over 43 different Commodity and FX future mid prices at 5 minute intervals. All results in this paper are generated using a C implementation on the Intel Xeon Phi co processor which is 11.4x faster than the serial version and a Python strategy back testing environment both of which are available as open source code written by the authors.
3D imaging of subducting and fragmenting Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern and central Tibet using body wave finite frequency tomography

We perform a finite frequency tomographic inversion to image 3D velocity structures beneath southern and central Tibet using teleseismic body wave data recorded by the TIBET 31N passive seismic array as well as waveforms from previous temporary seismic arrays. High velocity bodies dip ~40deg northward beneath the Himalaya and the Lhasa Terrane. We interpret these high velocity anomalies as subducting Indian Continental Lithosphere (ICL) The ICL appears to extend further north in central Tibet than in eastern Tibet, reaching 350 km depth at ~31degN along 85degE but at ~30degN along 91degE. Low P and S wave velocity anomalies extend from the lower crust to =180 km depth beneath the Tangra Yum Co Rift, Yadong Gulu Rift, and the Cona Rift, suggesting that rifting in southern Tibet may involve the entire lithosphere. The anomaly beneath Tangra Yum Co Rift extends down to about 180 km, whereas the anomalies west of the Yadong Gulu Rift and east of the Cona Rift extend to more than 300 km depth. The low velocity upper mantle west of the Yadong Gulu Rift extends furthest north and appears to connect with the extensive upper mantle low velocity region beneath central Tibet. Thus the northward subducting Indian Plate is fragmented along north south breaks that permit or induce asthenospheric upwellings indistinguishable from the upper mantle of northern Tibet.
Role of Kernel in Operating System Survey

The kernel is a computer program that manages I/O (input/output) instructions from software and it acts like translator to all the parts of the computer. It is the fundamental part of the computer. Kernel is the software which is responsible for providing security to the hardware. There is a variation between kernel and OS. Kernel is called as heart of the operating system. Kernel is the main part for all the operating system like operating system like ubuntu, suse, centOS, redHat etc. In this paper, the discussion is about working of kernel and about various kernels and working process of the kernel in OS. Kernel is important part of operating system. The present current system is one whose rightness includes each the intelligent accuracy of yields and their propitiousness (1) It should fulfill interval imperatives or danger extreme outcomes together with disappointment. period systems square measure delegated laborious, firm or delicate frameworks. In laborious current systems, inability to satisfy interval limitations prompts system disappointment. Firm current systems have laborious due dates, however wherever an exact low probability of missing a maturity is endured. Systems within which execution is debased however not ruined by inability to satisfy interval needs square measure known as delicate constant systems. An input in system may be a specific current laptop system that's a bit of a much bigger system. Previously, it was intended for specific applications, yet reconfigurable furthermore, programmable installed frameworks are getting to be prominent. A few samples of inserted frameworks are: the microchip framework used to control the fuel/air blend in the carburetor of cars, programming installed in planes, rockets, modern machines, microwave stoves, dryers, candy machines, restorative hardware, and cameras. We watch that the decision of a working framework is imperative in planning a constant framework. Outlining a continuous framework includes decision of a legitimate dialect, errand apportioning and combining, and doling out needs to oversee reaction times. Dialect synchronization primitives, for example, Schedule, Signal and Wait rearrange interpretation of outline to code furthermore offer convey ability. Contingent on booking goals, parallelism and correspondence (2) may be adjusted. Consolidating profoundly durable parallel assignments for successive execution may diminish overheads of connection switches and between undertaking correspondences. The planner must focus discriminating errands and dole out them high needs. Be that as it may, mind must be taken to keep away from starvation, which happens when higher need undertakings are constantly prepared to run, bringing about deficient processor time for lower need errands (3) Non organized intrudes on ought to be maintained a strategic distance from if there is an undertaking that can't be acquired without bringing on framework disappointment. In a perfect world, the intrude on handler ought to spare the setting, make an errand that will
Optimal dispatch of electric vehicle batteries between battery swapping stations and charging stations
Venue: 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

Along with the fast development of battery technologies and growing criticism on heavy air pollution caused by traditional automobiles, electric vehicles (EV) draw more attention in these years. The inconvenience of battery charging is the main barrier to the widespread use of EVs, and the EV battery swapping technology is a promising method to assist overcoming this difficulty eventually because of its flexibility. In this paper, a battery schedule framework is studied to dispatch batteries between battery charging stations (BCS) and battery swapping stations (BSS) efficiently. A two direction battery dispatch model to reduce the transportation cost is established and solved by PSO method. Moreover, considering the serving ability limitations, the K means clustering algorithm is utilized to pre partition the BCS and BSS to make the battery dispatch more efficient and effective. The proposed methods is finally verified by an urban battery logistics case.
Supplementary automatic generation control using controllable energy storage in electric vehicle battery swapping stations

One of the significant impacts of the growing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources is upon the frequency response of power system. Compared with the dispersive electric vehicle energy storage, electric vehicle battery swapping station (BSS) as an emerging form of storage, can provide a more reliable supplementary regulation service for frequency control. This study has proposed a new supplementary automatic generation control (AGC) strategy using controllable energy storage in BSSs, referred to as station to grid (S2G) A Monte Carlo stochastic simulation method is utilised to estimate the equivalent controllable capacity (CC) of BSSs, and then the lumped S2G equivalent model subject to SOC limits and CC constrains is presented. A filter based AGC coordinated strategy is used to allocate the regulation power between generators and BSSs. The proposed AGC strategy is validated in a two area interconnected power system with significant load and wind power fluctuations. Comparison analysis demonstrates the availability of the proposed models and control methods.
Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR spectroscopy as a novel approach for real time investigations of Li and Na ion batteries.
Venue: Journal of magnetic resonance

We have developed and explored the use of a new Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR probe system to track the formation of intermediate phases and investigate electrolyte decomposition during electrochemical cycling of Li and Na ion batteries (LIBs and NIBs) The new approach addresses many of the issues arising during in situ NMR, e.g. significantly different shifts of the multi component samples, changing sample conditions (such as the magnetic susceptibility and conductivity) during cycling, signal broadening due to paramagnetism as well as interferences between the NMR and external cycler circuit that might impair the experiments. We provide practical insight into how to conduct ATMC in situ NMR experiments and discuss applications of the methodology to LiFePO4 (LFP) and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathodes as well as Na metal anodes. Automatic frequency sweep (7)Li in situ NMR reveals significant changes of the strongly paramagnetic broadened LFP line shape in agreement with the structural changes due to delithiation. Additionally, (31)P in situ NMR shows a full separation of the electrolyte and cathode NMR signals and is a key feature for a deeper understanding of the processes occurring during charge/discharge on the local atomic scale of NMR. (31)P in situ NMR with "on the fly" re calibrated, varying carrier frequencies on Na3V2(PO4)2F3 as a cathode in a NIB enabled the detection of different P signals within a huge frequency range of 4000 ppm. The experiments show a significant shift and changes in the number as well as intensities of (31)P signals during desodiation/sodiation of the cathode. The in situ experiments reveal changes of local P environments that in part have not been seen in ex situ NMR investigations. Furthermore, we applied ATMC (23)Na in situ NMR on symmetrical Na Na cells during galvanostatic plating. An automatic adjustment of the NMR carrier frequency during the in situ experiment ensured on resonance conditions for the Na metal and electrolyte peak, respectively. Thus, interleaved measurements with different optimal NMR set ups for the metal and electrolyte, respectively, became possible. This allowed the formation of different Na metal species as well as a quantification of electrolyte consumption during the electrochemical experiment to be monitored. The new approach is likely to benefit a further understanding of Na ion battery chemistries.
Provision of Two area Automatic Generation Control by Demand side Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations

Application of demand side resources to automatic generation control (AGC) has a great significance for improving the dynamic control performance of power system frequency regulation. This paper investigates the possibility of providing regulation services by demand side energy storage in electric vehicle battery swapping stations (BSS) An interaction framework, namely station to grid (S2G) is presented to integrate BSS energy storage into power grid for giving benefits to frequency regulation. The BSS can be regarded as a lumped battery energy storage station through S2G framework. A supplementary AGC method using demand side BSS energy storage is developed considering the vehicle user demand of battery swapping. The effects to the AGC performance are evaluated through simulations by using a two area interconnected power grid model with step and random load disturbance. The results show that the demand side BSS can significantly suppress the frequency deviation and tie line power fluctuations.
WaveNet: A Generative Model for Raw Audio
Venue: SSW

This paper introduces WaveNet, a deep neural network for generating raw audio waveforms. The model is fully probabilistic and autoregressive, with the predictive distribution for each audio sample conditioned on all previous ones; nonetheless we show that it can be efficiently trained on data with tens of thousands of samples per second of audio. When applied to text to speech, it yields state of the art performance, with human listeners rating it as significantly more natural sounding than the best parametric and concatenative systems for both English and Mandarin. A single WaveNet can capture the characteristics of many different speakers with equal fidelity, and can switch between them by conditioning on the speaker identity. When trained to model music, we find that it generates novel and often highly realistic musical fragments. We also show that it can be employed as a discriminative model, returning promising results for phoneme recognition.
Integrated information theory: from consciousness to its physical substrate
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

In this Opinion article, we discuss how integrated information theory accounts for several aspects of the relationship between consciousness and the brain. Integrated information theory starts from the essential properties of phenomenal experience, from which it derives the requirements for the physical substrate of consciousness. It argues that the physical substrate of consciousness must be a maximum of intrinsic cause effect power and provides a means to determine, in principle, the quality and quantity of experience. The theory leads to some counterintuitive predictions and can be used to develop new tools for assessing consciousness in non communicative patients.
A green material from rock: basalt fiber a review

The nature is continually providing varied resources for creating textile materials for various applications. Although many textile fibers in the nature are provided with the fibrous kind itself it additionally offers raw materials that may be changed and formed into a filament in a way similar to the melt and solution spinning of other textile fibers. Basalt is an igneous rock, which is solidified volcanic lava. In recent years, basalt received attention as a replacement for asbestos fibers. Basalt has emerged as a contender in the fiber reinforcement of composites. Basalt fiber (BF) is capable to withstand very high temperature and can be used in high performance applications. This paper is review of state of art of knowledge of BF, the production methods, properties and its applications.
Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios

The United States has and will likely continue to obtain an increasing share of its electricity from solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind power, especially under the Clean Power Plan (CPP) The need for additional solar PV modules and wind turbines will, among other things, result in greater demand for a number of minor metals that are produced mainly or only as byproducts. In this analysis, the quantities of 11 byproduct metals (Ag, Cd, Te, In, Ga, Se, Ge, Nd, Pr, Dy, and Tb) required for wind turbines with rare earth permanent magnets and four solar PV technologies are assessed through the year 2040. Three key uncertainties (electricity generation capacities, technology market shares, and material intensities) are varied to develop 42 scenarios for each byproduct metal. The results indicate that byproduct metal requirements vary significantly across technologies, scenarios, and over time. In certain scenarios, the requirements are projected to become a significant portion of current primary production. This is especially the case for Te, Ge, Dy, In, and Tb under the more aggressive scenarios of increasing market share and conservative material intensities. Te and Dy are, perhaps, of most concern given their substitution limitations. In certain years, the differences in byproduct metal requirements between the technology market share and material intensity scenarios are greater than those between the various CPP and No CPP scenarios. Cumulatively across years 2016 2040, the various CPP scenarios are estimated to require 15 43% more byproduct metals than the No CPP scenario depending on the specific byproduct metal and scenario. Increasing primary production via enhanced recovery rates of the byproduct metals during the beneficiation and enrichment operations, improving end of life recycling rates, and developing substitutes are important strategies that may help meet the increased demand for these byproduct metals.
Variation in outcomes and leakage potential across Clean Power Plan compliance designs

This paper presents results from a "modeler's choice" suite of runs that model the US Environmental Protection Agency's proposed Clean Power Plan (CPP) regulating carbon dioxide emissions from existing power plants under Section 111d of the Clean Air Act more closely than does the core EMF 31 Technology Performance Standard (TPS) case. While the TPS case imposed a national emissions rate standard for the power sector, the CPP imposes its budgets at the state level and provides states a great deal of flexibility in designing their implementation approaches. States may convert their CPP rate targets to a mass basis, and they may join with other states in multi state trading plans. Under the proposed rule, EPA also left open the question of how new gas units were to be treated under the CPP. This design flexibility leads to a range of possible outcomes when it comes to the impacts of the proposed CPP on emissions, policy costs, electricity generation patterns, and gas markets. We analyzed 40 CPP scenarios in the Framework for Analysis of Climate Energy Technology Systems (FACETS) permuting these three design dimensions along with energy efficiency and low shale resource scenarios.
Ongoing Evolution of the Electricity Industry Effects of Market Conditions and the Clean Power Plan on States

Overview 2 Background 6 Methods and Assumptions 10 Baseline Trends 14 Policy Scenarios 15 National CPP Policy Results 17 State Level Imacts and Patchwork Policies 35  The electricity industry is evolving as changes in natural gas and coal prices, along with environmental regulations, shift the generation mix. Future trends in gas prices and renewables costs are likely to continue moving the industry away from coal fired generation and into lower emitting sources such as natural gas and renewables. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Power Plan (CPP) is likely to amplify these trends. The CPP rule regulates emissions from existing fossil generators and allows states to choose among an array of rate based and mass based goals.