nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spaces of dissociation: the impact of childhood sexual abuse on the personal geographies of adult survivors

The experiences of survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) have received almost no attention in geography. However, activists and therapists working with survivors have long recognised that CSA has spatial impacts and that finding some sense of control over one's environment is an important step in recovering from this trauma. By bringing the stories of three adult women who are survivors of CSA into conversation with debates in human geography about the habitation of space and place, this psycho social paper goes some small way towards addressing this oversight. Set in the context of the high prevalence of CSA in all communities, we argue that efforts to understand everyday, domestic and marginalised geographies need to consider the potential impact of abuse. By understanding psycho social pathways by which abuse impacts on individuals we highlight how violence and trauma can impact on personal geographies in a myriad of ways.
Predicting Single Layer Technetium Dichalcogenides (TcX2, X S, Se) with Promising Applications in Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

One of the least known compounds among transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is the layered triclinic technetium dichalcogenides (TcX2, X S, Se) In this work, we systematically study the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of TcS2 and TcSe2 monolayers based on density functional theory (DFT) We find that TcS2 and TcSe2 can be easily exfoliated in a monolayer form because their formation and cleavage energy are analogous to those of other experimentally realized TMDCs monolayer. By using a hybrid DFT functional, the TcS2 and TcSe2 monolayers are calculated to be indirect semiconductors with band gaps of 1.91 and 1.69 eV, respectively. However, bilayer TcS2 exhibits direct bandgap character, and both TcS2 and TcSe2 monolayers can be tuned from semiconductor to metal under effective tensile/compressive strains. Calculations of visible light absorption indicate that 2D TcS2 and TcSe2 generally possess better capability of harvesting sunlight compared to single layer MoS2 and ReSe2, implying their potential as excellent light absorbers. Most interestingly, we have discovered that the TcSe2 monolayer is an excellent photocatalyst for splitting water into hydrogen due to the perfect fit of band edge positions with respect to the water reduction and oxidation potentials. Our predictions expand the two dimensional (2D) family of TMDCs, and the remarkable electronic/optical properties of monolayer TcS2 and TcSe2 will place them among the most promising 2D TMDCs for renewable energy application in the future.
Building from scratch? An "inner connectivity" framework for soft urban tourism development

The purpose of this paper is to define a framework for urban tourism development, providing a rationale for tourism planners pursuing a competitive, sustainable and inclusive tourism destination model for urban settings.  A conceptual framework is proposed, discussed and exemplified in a specific geographical context.  The soft urban tourism development framework adopts a place based approach to tourism destination building and suggests an integration method grounded in tourism urbanicity.  The proposed tourism development model is based on theoretical premises. Empirical research should test the potential and pitfalls of this approach.  The proposed framework is a cognitive tool for strategy making in those cities that either need to radically re envision city tourism or are attempting to build an urban tourism destination from scratch.  The paper contributes to the urban agenda in tourism studies. It proposes a framework emphasising the urban character of tourism and exploiting the multifunctionality of urban contexts for competitive niche tourism development.
Thiol modified gold coated glass as an efficient hydrophobic substrate for drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique

In this paper we report an easy and low cost way to prepare a hydrophobic substrate for drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy. This substrate is formed by a thiol modified Au coated glass and provides the Raman spectra with the same quality as the commercial Teflon coated stainless steel substrate (SpectRIM(tm) Tienta Sciences, Inc. for model molecular systems albumin solution and liposome suspension. Gold layer, similarly to polished steel in the commercial substrate, served as a highly refractive layer strongly increasing the Raman signal. The main advantage of introduced substrate is that it is simple and a low cost preparation easily manageable in every standard laboratory. Thus, it represents a promising alternative to commercial Teflon coated stainless steel substrate.
Is Google good enough for medicine?
Venue: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry

'Google' is now officially a verb in the Oxford English Dictionary considered the most authoritative dictionary of the English language. With all of this technology and freely available digital information, Google is changing the way doctors practise medicine and how doctors consult patients. For all the benefits technology provides, it does provoke anxiety. In a recent letter, a rheumatologist describes a scene at rounds where a professor asked the presenting fellow to explain how he arrived at his diagnosis. 'I entered the salient features into Google, and [the diagnosis] popped right up'.1 The phrase 'Please do not confuse your Google search for my medical degree' printed on a mug has been making the rounds on multiple social media forums and internet sites in recent times. This reflects the emerging use of the World Wide Web by patients to obtain information (and misinformation) and how the internet impacts the practising of modern medicine. Most clinicians will be familiar with the increasingly
Scaling and root planing vs. conservative surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Venue: Periodontology 2000

A renewed interest in conservative surgical techniques has been fueled by new technology, changes in referral patterns to periodontists and a desire to achieve periodontal health in the least invasive, most cost efficient manner possible. Trends suggest that an increasing amount of periodontal care is being provided in the offices of general dentists. If true, it is likely that patients receiving care in these offices will be offered simpler surgical treatment modalities that do not require an extensive armamentarium. The purpose of this article was to review the effectiveness of six relatively simple surgical techniques gingivectomy, flap debridement, modified Widman flap, excisional new attachment procedure, modified excisional new attachment procedure and laser assisted new attachment procedure and to compare the results obtained using these procedures with the well known clinical benefits of scaling and root planing. The intent was to determine whether the benefits of surgical procedures in the hands of most general dentists extend beyond those of conventional nonsurgical therapy.
Oxygen high level laser therapy is efficient in treatment of chronic periodontitis: a clinical and microbiological study using PCR analysis.
Venue: Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents

In periodontology, lasers have been suggested for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) Such therapy can be defined as the inactivation of cells, microorganisms or molecules induced by light and not by heat. The aim of our study is to assess the effect of Oxygen high level laser therapy (OHLLT) in removing all bacterial deposits on root or implant surface by means of mechanical instrumentation and laser irradiation. OHLLT has two effects on targeted bacteria and tissues, decontamination and biostimulation. A total of 33 patients were randomly selected with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. The patients enrolled were 16 females and 17 males, six smokers and 4 diabetic patients. For each patient a periodontal charting was performed, assessing probing depth, plaque index and bleeding on probing at baseline and after 6 months. Microbiological analysis were performed with PCR Real Time, using paper tips to withdraw gingival fluid in periodontal pockets before and after treatment, at baseline and after 6 months. All patients were treated with OHLLT at baseline, after 1 week, after 2 weeks and every month for 6 months. After 6 months, all periodontal pockets were treated successfully, without complications and no significant differences in results. All clinical parameters showed an improvement, with a decrease both of plaque index (average decrease of 75% bleeding on probing (average decrease of 62% and probing depth (average decrease of 1.8 mm) After the treatment, a remarkable decrease in bacteria amount, both for each species and for total bacteria was observed except for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis demonstrating that this laser protocol is effective on periodontitis treatment. OHLLT is efficient in treatment of chronic periodontitis as demonstrated by clinical and microbiological parameters, going beyond the traditional periodontal therapy.
On repairing queries in cloud computing
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)

Cloud Computing based Software as a Service (SaaS) combines multiple Web Services to satisfy a SaaS request, therefore SaaS should be able to dynamically seek replacements for faulty or underperforming services, thus performing self healing. However, it may be the case of available services that do not match all user's request, leading the system to grind to a halt. It is better to have an alternative candidate in the cloud while not fulfilling all the constraints. In this paper, we provide a solution to repair the failed user's query by rewriting it with an approximation. It is based on a Minimally Unsatisfiable Subformula (MUS) that exploits Satisfiability (SAT) problem to repair the query and provide an alternative SaaS that leads to a successful request closed to the original one.
Fisheries certification in the developing world: Locks and keys or square pegs in round holes?

The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) is the frontrunner in fisheries certification, receiving both extensive support and strong criticisms. The increasing uptake by fisheries and markets (almost 10% of world fisheries tonnage engaged by the end of 2014) has been followed by a widening pool of stakeholders interacting with the MSC. However, the applicability of the MSC approach for fisheries in the developing world (DW) remains doubtful, reinforced by a worldwide uptake skewed towards developed world fisheries. Here, a group of MSC stakeholders, with the aid of an ad hoc questionnaire survey, reviews constraints to MSC certification in DW fisheries, evaluates solutions put forward by the MSC, and recommends actions to improve MSC uptake by DW fisheries. Recommendations to the MSC include researching and benchmarking suitable data limited assessment methods, systematizing and making readily available the experiences of certified fisheries worldwide and constructing specific fisheries capacity building for regional leaders. The MSC can further review the certification cost, especially for small scale fisheries and, in partnership with other institutions, mobilize a fund to support specific DW fishery types. This fund could also support the development of market opportunities and infrastructures likely to satisfy local conditions and needs. For wider market intervention, the MSC should consider embarking on some form of vertical differentiation. Finally, for fisheries that may never move towards certification, the group identifies tools and experiences available at MSC that can improve environmental performance and governance bearing.
Quantitative nanoscale vortex imaging using a cryogenic quantum magnetometer.
Venue: Nature nanotechnology

Microscopic studies of superconductors and their vortices play a pivotal role in understanding the mechanisms underlying superconductivity. Local measurements of penetration depths or magnetic stray fields enable access to fundamental aspects such as nanoscale variations in superfluid densities or the order parameter symmetry of superconductors. However, experimental tools that offer quantitative, nanoscale magnetometry and operate over large ranges of temperature and magnetic fields are still lacking. Here, we demonstrate the first operation of a cryogenic scanning quantum sensor in the form of a single nitrogen vacancy electronic spin in diamond, which is capable of overcoming these existing limitations. To demonstrate the power of our approach, we perform quantitative, nanoscale magnetic imaging of Pearl vortices in the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 d. With a sensor to sample distance of ~10 nm, we observe striking deviations from the prevalent monopole approximation in our vortex stray field images, and find excellent quantitative agreement with Pearl's analytic model. Our experiments provide a non invasive and unambiguous determination of the system's local penetration depth and are readily extended to higher temperatures and magnetic fields. These results demonstrate the potential of quantitative quantum sensors in benchmarking microscopic models of complex electronic systems and open the door for further exploration of strongly correlated electron physics using scanning nitrogen vacancy magnetometry.
The fate of the Indian lithosphere beneath western Tibet: Upper mantle elastic wave speed structure from a joint teleseismic and regional body wave tomographic study

We investigate the fate of the Indian lithosphere following its descent beneath western Tibet by means of tomographic imaging based on arrival times of body waves from regional and teleseismic sources recorded by a portable network deployed in the region from 2007 to 2011. We use a non linear iterative algorithm that simultaneously models absolute, regional, and relative teleseismic arrival times to obtain a 3 D velocity structure in a spherical segment that extends from 26degN to 37degN, from 76degE to 89degE, and from the surface to 430 km depth. We find that variations in P and S wave speeds in the upper mantle are similar, and identify a number of prominent fast anomalies beneath western Tibet and the adjacent Himalayas. We associate these fast anomalies with the mantle lithosphere of India that is likely colder and hence faster than the ambient mantle. Resolution tests confirm the ability of our dataset to resolve their shapes in the upper 300 km, and the lack of significant downward smearing of these features. We interpret the presence of faster material below 300 km as being consistent with former Indian lithosphere having reached these depths. There are two main fast anomalies in our model. One resembles a ~100 km wide sub vertical column located directly beneath the India Asia plate boundary. The other anomaly is thinner, and has the shape of a dipping slab that spans the north south width of the Lhasa block. It dips towards the NE, starting near the Indus Yarlung suture and ending north of the Bangong Nujiang Suture at depths in excess of 300 km. Another finding of our study is the absence of major fast anomalies west of ~80degE, which our resolution tests show to be significant. Our results do not support the notion of a continuous body of formerly Indian lithosphere being presently underthrust northward, and extending all the way to the northern boundary of the plateau. Rather, shapes of fast anomalies in western Tibet suggest colder material beneath the northernmost Himalaya and the southernmost part of the plateau. The presence of multiple relatively small scale anomalies, rather than a single large fast body aligned with the India Asia boundary, rules out subduction of the intact Indian lithosphere. Our preferred scenario for the process that currently removes the mantle lithosphere of India from the collision zone envisages viscous behavior, with gravity driven instabilities leading to the formation of multiple drips of different size. To reconcile our findings with evidence of past underthrusting of Indian lithosphere beneath Tibet we postulate a geologically recent change in the mode of lithosphere removal. Our scenario includes initial underthrusting, subsequent gravitational destabilization, and removal of the mantle lithosphere of Indian plate. At present the mantle lithosphere of India that continues to underthrust southern Tibet develops a drip like instability that is seen as a fast columnar feature in our model.
Global transcriptome analyses provide evidence that chloroplast redox state contributes to intracellular as well as long distance signalling in response to stress and acclimation in Arabidopsis
Venue: Photosynthesis Research

Global transcriptome analyses were used to assess the interactive effects of short term stress versus long term acclimation to high light (HL) low temperature (LT) and excitation pressure in Arabidopsis. Microarray analyses indicated that exposure to stress resulted in two times as many modulated transcripts in both, high light treated and low temperature treated plants, compared to plants that were fully acclimated to either one of these conditions. We showed that 10.9 of all transcripts were regulated in the same way by both stress conditions, and hence, were categorized as excitation pressure regulated, rather than regulated by either high light or low temperature stress per se. This group of chloroplast redox sensitive genes included various photosynthetic genes as well as genes known to be associated with cold acclimation (cbf3, cor15A, cor15B) and gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism and signalling (ga2ox1, gai) Chemical inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport by either DCMU or DBMIB indicated that although the plastoquinone pool contributes significantly to redox regulation of the transcriptome (8.6 it appears that PSI represents the major source of redox signals (89 whereas PSII appears to contribute only 3.1 A comparison of the gene expression profiles between stress and acclimated plants indicated that 10 of the genes induced by a short, 1 h stress were also associated with long term acclimation to high excitation pressure. This included the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE BINDING PROTEIN family, the MYB domain and MYB related transcription factor family as well as the GRAS transcription factor family important in GA signalling confirming that acclimation to stress is a time nested phenomenon. We suggest that acclimation to photosynthetic redox imbalance extends beyond the chloroplast and the leaf cell to systemic ROS signalling. This is discussed in terms of the control of plant phenotype through regulation of the nuclear encoded cbf regulon and GA metabolism.
The ForeC Synchronous Deterministic Parallel Programming Language for Multicores
Venue: 2016 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Embedded Multicore/Many core Systems on Chip (MCSOC)

Cyber physical systems (CPSs) are embedded systems that are tightly integrated with their physical environment. The correctness of a CPS depends on the output of its computations and on the timeliness of completing the computations. This paper proposes the ForeC language for the deterministic parallel programming of CPS applications on multi core execution platforms. ForeC's synchronous semantics is designed to greatly simplify the understanding and debugging of parallel programs. ForeC allows programmers to express many forms of parallel patterns while ensuring that programs are amenable to static timing analysis. One of ForeC's main innovation is its shared variable semantics that provides thread isolation and deterministic thread communication. Through benchmarking, we demonstrate that ForeC can achieve better parallel performance than Esterel, a widely used synchronous language for concurrent safety critical systems, and OpenMP, a popular desktop solution for parallel programming. We demonstrate that the worst case execution time of ForeC programs can be estimated precisely.
Young pupils' their teacher's and classroom assistants' experiences of iPads in a Northern Ireland school: "Four and five years old, who would have thought they could do that?"
Venue: Br. J. Educ. Technol.

This paper describes an iPad project in a Northern Ireland primary school. It evaluates how the technology impacted on learning in literacy, numeracy and in pupil skills. The youngest pupils were asked about their iPad experiences using small group interviews based on the circle time approach. Their teacher and two classroom assistants were interviewed about organisational, pedagogical and pupil skill patterns. The teacher reported improvements and greater readiness in pupils' ability to grasp initial key concepts in literacy and numeracy, including lower ability and special needs children. Motivation, concentration and confidence grew, as did spontaneous peer collaboration and the early stages of peer assessment. Classroom assistants had an innovative role in supporting iPad use and noted improved pupil communication, listening and fine motor skills. The children said that iPads helped them with writing, counting and drawing. They understood the purpose of specific apps, how to navigate them and what learning occurred.
Iterative learning control with input sharing for multi agent consensus tracking
Venue: Syst. Control. Lett.

In this paper, a novel iterative learning control (ILC) scheme with input sharing is presented for multi agent consensus tracking. In many ILC works for multi agent coordination problem, each agent maintains its own input learning, and the input signal is corrected by local measurements over iteration domain. If the agents are allowed to share their learned inputs among them, the strategy can improve the learning process as more learning resources are available. In this work, we develop a new type of learning controller by considering the input sharing among agents, which includes the traditional ILC strategy as a special case. The convergence condition is rigorously derived and analyzed as well. Furthermore, the proposed controller is extended to multi agent systems under iteration varying graph. It turns out that the developed controller is very robust to communication variations. In the numerical study, three illustrative examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The learning controller with input sharing demonstrates not only faster convergence but also smooth transient performance.
A new distributed Zeno free event triggered algorithm for multi agent consensus
Venue: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

This paper develops a novel distributed event triggered algorithm for achieving multi agent consensus while guaranteeing a fully Zeno free triggering for all the agents. In this framework, the controller input and event detector are based on local measurements in terms of relative states with respect to neighboring agents, and each agent updates its control input only at its own triggering instants. A bounded and convergent function is included in the event detector function for each agent, which avoids the comparison of event error term to a zero threshold in the zero crossing scenario. We also revisit several popular event triggered consensus algorithms reported in the literature, clarify some issues relating to Zeno triggering, consensus convergence, communication/measurement requirements, local/global coordinate frames, etc. and highlight the advantages of the event triggered consensus algorithm proposed in this paper.