nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of welding fume on heart rate variability among workers with respirators in a shipyard
Venue: Scientific reports

Welding fume exposure is associated with heart rate variability (HRV) reduction. It is still unknown whether respirator can reduce effect of welding fume on HRV among welding workers in a shipyard. We recruited 68 welding workers with respirator and 52 welding workers without respirator to measure HRV indices, including standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN) and square root of the mean squared differences of successive intervals (r MSSD) by ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) Personal exposure to particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 mm in diameter (PM2.5) was measured by a dust monitor. The association between 5 minute mean PM2.5 and log10 transformed HRV indices was analyzed by mixed effects models. We found 5 minute mean PM2.5 was associated with 8.9% and 10.3% decreases in SDNN and r MSSD. Effect of PM2.5 on HRV indices was greatest among workers without respirator {SDNN: 12.4% (95% confidence interval 18.8 6.9) r MSSD: 14.7% (95% confidence interval 20.8 8.6) Workers with respirator showed slight decreases in HRV indices {SDNN: 2.2% (95% confidence interval 6.3 1.9) r MSSD: 4.0% (95% confidence interval 6.4 1.6) We conclude that respirator use reduces the effect of PM2.5 exposure on HRV among workers performing welding in a shipyard.
Learning Global Features for Coreference Resolution
Venue: NAACL

There is compelling evidence that coreference prediction would benefit from modeling global information about entity clusters. Yet, state of the art performance can be achieved with systems treating each mention prediction independently, which we attribute to the inherent difficulty of crafting informative cluster level features. We instead propose to use recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to learn latent, global representations of entity clusters directly from their mentions. We show that such representations are especially useful for the prediction of pronominal mentions, and can be incorporated into an end to end coreference system that outperforms the state of the art without requiring any additional search.
The Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect: Theory and Experiment

The quantum anomalous Hall effect is defined as a quantized Hall effect realized in a system without an external magnetic field. The quantum anomalous Hall effect is a novel manifestation of topological structure in many electron systems and may have potential applications in future electronic devices. In recent years, the quantum anomalous Hall effect was proposed theoretically and realized experimentally. In this review article, we provide a systematic overview of the theoretical and experimental developments in this field.
Recent progress in the study of stanene

Inspired by the successfully experimental realization of graphene, other ultrathin materials consisting of group IV elements Si, Ge and Sn have been attracted plenty of interests due to their unprecedented electronic properties. Among them, two dimensional low buckled Sn based stanene and its derivatives present novel quantum properties due to its large spin orbital coupling, such as a quantum spin Hall insulating behaviour with a very large band gap, and the capability to support enhanced thermoelectric performance, topological superconductivity and the near room temperature quantum anomalous Hall effect and so on. Therefore, stanene shows the great application potentials in the dissipationless electric conduction at room temperature, high performance thermoelectricity, spintronics and topological quantum computation. This review will briefly introduce the recent progress in the study of stanene both in theory and in experiment.
Quantum Diagrammatic Theory of the Extrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Graphene

We present a rigorous microscopic theory of the extrinsic spin Hall effect in disordered graphene based on a nonperturbative quantum diagrammatic treatment incorporating skew scattering and anomalous impurity concentration independent quantum corrections on equal footing. The leading skew scattering contribution to the spin Hall conductivity is shown to quantitatively agree with Boltzmann transport theory over a wide range of parameters. Our self consistent approach where all topologically equivalent noncrossing diagrams are resummed unveils that the skewness generated by spin orbit active impurities deeply influences the anomalous component of the spin Hall conductivity, even in the weak scattering regime. This seemingly counterintuitive result is explained by the rich sublattice structure of scattering potentials in graphene, for which traditional Gaussian disorder approximations fail to capture the intricate correlations between skew scattering and side jumps generated through diffusion. Finally, we assess the role of quantum interference corrections by evaluating an important subclass of crossing diagrams recently considered in the context of the anomalous Hall effect, the $X$ and \Psi$ diagrams [Ado et al. EPL 111, 37004 (2015) We show that \Psi$ diagrams encoding quantum coherent skew scattering display a strong Fermi energy dependence, dominating the anomalous spin Hall component away from the Dirac point. Our findings have direct implications for nonlocal transport experiments in spin orbit coupled graphene systems.
A state of the art survey testbed of fuzzy AHP (FAHP) applications
Venue: Expert Syst. Appl.

A state of the art survey of FAHP applications is carried out: 190 papers are reviewedPapers are classified based on their: Application area, Theme, Year, Country, etc.Review is summarized in tabular formats/charts to help readers extract quick info.Results and Findings are made available through an online (free) testbedThe testbed makes fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices (from all papers) available As a practical popular methodology for dealing with fuzziness and uncertainty in Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) has been applied to a wide range of applications. As of the time of writing there is no state of the art survey of FAHP, we carry out a literature review of 190 application papers (i.e. applied research papers) published between 2004 and 2016, by classifying them on the basis of the area of application, the identified theme, the year of publication, and so forth. The identified themes and application areas have been chosen based upon the latest state of the art survey of AHP conducted by Vaidya, O. Kumar, S. (2006) Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. European Journal of operational research, 169(1) 1 29. To help readers extract quick and meaningful information, the reviewed papers are summarized in various tabular formats and charts. Unlike previous literature surveys, results and findings are made available through an online (and free) testbed, which can serve as a ready reference for those who wish to apply, modify or extend FAHP in various applications areas. This online testbed makes also available one or more fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices (FPCMs) from all the reviewed papers (255zmatrices in total).In terms of results and findings, this survey shows that: (i) FAHP is used primarily in the Manufacturing, Industry and Government sectors; (ii) Asia is the torchbearer in this field, where FAHP is mostly applied in the theme areas of Selection and Evaluation; (iii) a significant amount of research papers (43% of the reviewed literature) combine FAHP with other tools, particularly with TOPSIS, QFD and ANP (AHP's variant) (iv) Chang's extent analysis method, which is used for FPCMs' weight derivation in FAHP, is still the most popular method in spite of a number of criticisms in recent years (considered in 57% of the reviewed literature)
Partial Economic analysis of Irish Potato Productio n under the Kebbi State Agroecological Conditions

Field trials were conducted during the 2009 12 dry seasons at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology located at Jega in the Sudan savannah zone of Nigeria The aim was to evaluate the yield performance of three Irish potat o Solanum tuberosum L. varieties and the economics of production under different irrigation intervals and NPK rates in the study area. Treatments consisted of three ir rigation intervals (3, 6 and 9 days) four rates of NPK (20:10:10) fertilize r (0, 300, 600 and 900 kg NPK ha 1 and three varieties of potato (Bertita, Diamant and Nicola) Factorial combinat ions of irrigation intervals and fertilizer rates w ere allocated to the main plots, while varieties were assigned to the su b plots in a split plot design, replicated three ti mes. The size of each sub plot was 4.5 x 3m (13.5m) Result of the cost b enefit analysis revealed that the revenue per naira invested (RNI) was highest when 600 kg NPK ha 1 was applied under 6 days irrigation interval (N 5.45) followed by 900 kg NPK ha 1 under 6 days irrigation interval (N 5.24) while the least RNI (N 2.44) was by the untreated control under 3 days irr igation schedule. From the result of this study, the use of 600 kg NPK ha 1 under 6 days irrigation scheduling proved best for high
A serious game skills competition increases voluntary usage and proficiency of a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator during first year surgical residents' simulation curriculum
Venue: Surgical Endoscopy

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of a serious game skills competition on voluntary usage of a laparoscopic simulator among first year surgical residents' standard simulation curriculum.MethodsWith research ethics board approval, informed consent was obtained from first year surgical residents enrolled in an introductory surgical simulation curriculum. The class of 2013 served as a control cohort following the standard curriculum which mandates completion of six laparoscopic simulator skill tasks. For the 2014 competition cohort, the only change introduced was the biweekly and monthly posting of a leader board of the top three and ten fastest peg transfer times. Entry surveys were administered assessing attitudes towards simulation based training and competition. Cohorts were observed for 5 months.ResultsThere were 24 and 25 residents in the control and competition cohorts, respectively. The competition cohort overwhelmingly (76 stated that they were not motivated to deliberate practice by competition. Median total simulator usage time was 132 min (IQR 214) in the competition cohort compared to 89 (IQR 170) in the control cohort. The competition cohort completed their course requirements significantly earlier than the control cohort (kh2 6.5, p 0.01) There was a significantly greater proportion of residents continuing to use the simulator voluntarily after completing their course requirements in the competition cohort (44 vs. 4 p 0.002) Residents in the competition cohort were significantly faster at peg transfer (194 66 vs. 233 53 s, 95 CI of difference 4 74 s; p 0.03) and significantly decreased their completion time by 33 54 s (95 CI 10 56 s; paired t test, p 0.007).ConclusionsA simple serious games skills competition increased voluntary usage and performance on a laparoscopic simulator, despite a majority of participants reporting they were not motivated by competition. Future directions should endeavour to examine other serious gaming modalities to further engage trainees in simulated skills development.
Empathy promotes altruistic behavior in economic interactions
Venue: Scientific reports

What are the determinants of altruism? While economists assume that altruism is mainly driven by fairness norms, social psychologists consider empathy to be a key motivator for altruistic behavior. To unite these two theories, we conducted an experiment in which we compared behavior in a standard economic game that assesses altruism (the so called Dictator Game) with a Dictator Game in which participants' behavioral choices were preceded either by an empathy induction or by a control condition without empathy induction. The results of this within subject manipulation show that the empathy induction substantially increased altruistic behavior. Moreover, the increase in experienced empathy predicted over 40% of the increase in sharing behavior. These data extend standard economic theories that altruism is based on fairness considerations, by showing that empathic feelings can be a key motivator for altruistic behavior in economic interactions.
Sex specific mediation effect of the right fusiform face area volume on the association between variants in repeat length of AVPR1A RS3 and altruistic behavior in healthy adults
Venue: Human brain mapping

Microsatellite variants in the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene (AVPR1A) RS3 have been associated with normal social behaviors variation and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in a sex specific manner. However, neural mechanisms underlying these associations remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that AVPR1A RS3 variants affect altruistic behavior by modulating the gray matter volume (GMV) of specific brain regions in a sex specific manner. We investigated 278 young healthy adults using the Dictator Game to assess altruistic behavior. All subjects were genotyped and main effect of AVPR1A RS3 repeat polymorphisms and interaction of genotype by sex on the GMV were assessed in a voxel wise manner. We observed that male subjects with relatively short repeats allocated less money to others and exhibited a significantly smaller GMV in the right fusiform face area (FFA) compared with male long homozygotes. In male subjects, the GMV of the right FFA exhibited a significant positive correlation with altruistic behavior. A mixed mediation and moderation analysis further revealed both a significant mediation effect of the GMV of the right FFA on the association between AVPR1A RS3 repeat polymorphisms and allocation sums and a significant moderation effect of sex (only in males) on the mediation effect. Post hoc analysis showed that the GMV of the right FFA was significantly smaller in male subjects carrying allele 426 than in non 426 carriers. These results suggest that the GMV of the right FFA may be a potential mediator whereby the genetic variants in AVPR1A RS3 affect altruistic behavior in healthy male subjects.  2016.
Rhythmic Continuous Time Coding in the Songbird Analog of Vocal Motor Cortex
Venue: Neuron

Songbirds learn and produce complex sequences of vocal gestures. Adult birdsong requires premotor nucleus HVC, in which projection neurons (PNs) burst sparsely at stereotyped times in the song. It has been hypothesized that PN bursts, as a population, form a continuous sequence, while a different model of HVC function proposes that both HVC PN and interneuron activity is tightly organized around motor gestures. Using a large dataset of PNs and interneurons recorded in singing birds, we test several predictions of these models. We find that PN bursts in adult birds are continuously and nearly uniformly distributed throughout song. However, we also find that PN and interneuron firing rates exhibit significant 10 Hz rhythmicity locked to song syllables, peaking prior to syllable onsets and suppressed prior to offsets a pattern that predominates PN and interneuron activity in HVC during early stages of vocal learning.
Dynamic modeling and analysis for gantry type machine tools considering the effect of axis coupling force on the slider guide joints' stiffness

As for the gantry type machine tools, the forces of the slide blocks supporting the beam are different for different saddle locations, which would further affect the stiffness of the slider guide joints and the dynamic characteristics of the whole machine tools. Therefore, the beam kinematic joints (the slider guide joints) on the gantry type machine tools are crucial for the dynamics prediction of traveling bridge systems. In this article, considering the effect of axis coupling force on the slider guide joints' stiffness, an equivalent dynamic model of traveling bridge systems for the gantry type machine tools is established using hybrid element method. The additional load variation in the four slider blocks is analyzed for different locations of the saddle, and the variation in the slider guide joints' stiffness and traveling bridge system natural frequency are also studied. Finally, validation experiments are conducted on the traveling bridge systems of the gantry type milling machine tools, and the results show that the dynamic modeling proposed in this article can reach a higher accuracy.
Vacancy and housing in Dublin: 1798 1911

The related issues of vacancy, redundancy and dereliction in the city, raise questions about the conflict between private profit and social use, between exchange values and use values. This paper offers a typology of the causes and forms of vacancy and is the first attempt to map this phenomenon for nineteenth century Dublin. It also reviews some of the contemporary debates about the management of empty and decrepit buildings and sites. The charge of wastefulness was weighty and suggested strategies that are relevant yet today. These include compulsory purchase, a tax on emptiness, informal occupation, and the temporary appropriation of un used spaces for socially useful purposes
Physiologically Based Absorption Modeling to Impact Biopharmaceutics and Formulation Strategies in Drug Development Industry Case Studies.
Venue: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in drug development and regulatory applications. Although most of the published examples have focused on aspects such as first in human (FIH) dose predictions or drug drug interactions, several publications have highlighted the application of these models in the biopharmaceutics field and their use to inform formulation development. In this report, we present 5 case studies of use of such models in this biopharmaceutics/formulation space across different pharmaceutical companies. The case studies cover different aspects of biopharmaceutics or formulation questions including (1) prediction of absorption prior to FIH studies; (2) optimization of formulation and dissolution method post FIH data; (3) early exploration of a modified release formulation; (4) addressing bridging questions for late stage formulation changes; and (5) prediction of pharmacokinetics in the fed state for a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class I drug with fasted state data. The discussion of the case studies focuses on how such models can facilitate decisions and biopharmaceutic understanding of drug candidates and the opportunities for increased use and acceptance of such models in drug development and regulatory interactions.
HISTORIOGRAPHY: From Clerk to Clerk: Writing Diplomatic History

My book In the Anglo Arab Labyrinth, published in 1976, would, I suppose, be classified by librarians and bibliographers as a work of diplomatic history. This would no doubt be appropriate, for as its subtitle indicates, the work deals with the letters which were exchanged in 1915 16 between the British High Commissioner in Egypt and the Sharif of Mecca, and which prepared the way for what is known as the Arab Revolt.
Situated LSP Translation from a Cognitive Translational Perspective

This paper takes a cognitive translational perspective on the field of specialised translation. In a first step, it surveys the three cognitive scientific paradigms of symbol manipulation, connectionism and situated cognition and discusses the influence of these three paradigms on the development of cognitive translation studies. The currently dominating cognitive scientific paradigm of situated cognition and the corresponding translation theory of situated translation (Risku 2004) then serve as a basis for developing the Cologne Model of the Situated LSP Translator, which attempts to give a comprehensive account of the relevant factors influencing the LSP translator's cognitive performance in real world translation settings. While discussing the structure and components of the model, I will illustrate potential areas of application and possible research perspectives than can be derived from it.
Computer Assisted Translation Tools and Modelling Their Usability

In this paper, I attempt to contextualise computer assisted translation (CAT) tools from a theoretical and a professional perspective and to model the usability of these tools. The theoretical contextualisation of CAT tools is based on Risku's (2004) cognitive translational theory of Situated Translation, which claims that cognition is not isolated in the translator's head but emerges in dynamic processes of interaction between the translator and his or her working environment. The potential influence exercised by CAT tools on the translator's cognitive performance is illustrated by means of the Cologne Model of the Situated LSP Translator, which is based on the theory of Situated Translation and which conceptualises CAT tools as important environmental artefacts in the translational ecosystem. The professional contextualisation takes the form of a survey of the role of CAT tools in the different phases of the computer assisted translation process. In this context, I discuss how the various sub tasks of these process phases can be supported by different CAT tools. Following this theoretical and professional contextualisation, I propose a general model of CAT tool usability as well as a more specific model of translation memory system (TMS) usability. These models are derived from ISO standard 9241 "Ergonomics of Human System Interaction" and attempt to capture all relevant dimensions of CAT tool usability from a user oriented perspective.
First translational 'Think Tank' on cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment and dementia
Venue: Journal of Translational Medicine

to the workshopAs the human population continues to age, an increasing number of people will exhibit significant deficits in cognitive function and dementia. It is now recognized that cerebrovascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases all play major roles in the evolution of cognitive impairment and dementia. Thus with our more recent recognition of these relationships and our need to understand and more positively impact on this world health problem, "The Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust" (Gene Pranzo, Trustee with significant support from Susan Brogan, Meeting Planner) provided generous support for this inaugural international workshop that was held from April 13 16, 2015 at the beautiful Ritz Carlton Golf Resort in North Naples, Florida. Researchers from SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY organized the event by selecting the present group of translationally inclined preclinical, clinical and population scientists focused on cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk and its progression to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and dementia. Participants at the workshop addressed important issues related to aging, cognition and dementia by: (1) sharing new data, information and perspectives that intersect vascular, metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, (2) discussing gaps in translating population risk, clinical and preclinical information to the progression of cognitive loss, and (3) debating new approaches and methods to fill these gaps that can translate into future therapeutic interventions. Participants agreed on topics for group discussion prior to the meeting and focused on specific translational goals that included promoting better understanding of dementia mechanisms, the identification of potential therapeutic targets for intervention, and discussed/debated the potential utility of diagnostic/prognostic markers. Below summarizes the new data presentations, concepts, novel directions and specific discussion topics addressed by this international translational team at our "First Leo and Anne Albert Charitable Trust 'Think Tank' VCI workshop"