nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged partial upper airway obstruction during sleep an underdiagnosed phenotype of sleep disordered breathing
Venue: European clinical respiratory journal

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a well recognized disorder conventionally diagnosed with an elevated apnea hypopnea index. Prolonged partial upper airway obstruction is a common phenotype of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) which however is still largely underreported. The major reasons for this are that cyclic breathing pattern coupled with arousals and arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation are easy to detect and considered more important than prolonged episodes of increased respiratory effort with increased levels of carbon dioxide in the absence of cycling breathing pattern and repetitive arousals. There is also a growing body of evidence that prolonged partial obstruction is a clinically significant form of SDB, which is associated with symptoms and co morbidities which may partially differ from those associated with OSAS. Partial upper airway obstruction is most prevalent in women, and it is treatable with the nasal continuous positive pressure device with good adherence to therapy. This review describes the characteristics of prolonged partial upper airway obstruction during sleep in terms of diagnostics, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and comorbidity to improve recognition of this phenotype and its timely and appropriate treatment.
Effect of texturizing agents on quality of Moo yor in a model system.

Hydrocolloids are texturizing agents which are used in food industry. They are widely utilized due to their excellent physical functional properties, such as thickening, gelling and stabilizing abilities. Hydrocolloids with their unique characteristics are of great interest for processed meat due to their ability to bind water and form gel. In this study, quality characteristics of Moo yor with different texturizing agents were examined. Texturizing agents such as tapioca starch (TPS) modified starch (MTS) carrageenan (KCG) carrageenan (ICG) sodium alginate (ALG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 1% level were added. ALG favorably affected rheological properties of Moo yor batter. It also decreased cooking loss and expressible moisture content. ICG and ALG can improve product texture. They increased hardness, chewiness, springiness, gumminess and cohesiveness. Scanning electron microscopic study indicated that Moo yor with ALG had a lot of filamentous deposition and the cavities were smaller. Moreover, Moo yor with ICG showed small strands of hydrocolloid gel outer protein gel matrix. ICG and ALG should be suitable texturizing agents for improving Moo yor texture.
Microcirculatory dysfunction in sepsis: pathophysiology, clinical monitoring, and potential therapies.
Venue: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

Abnormal microvascular perfusion, including decreased functional capillary density and increased blood flow heterogeneity, is observed in early stages of the systemic inflammatory response to infection and appears to have prognostic significance in human sepsis. It is known that improvements in systemic hemodynamics are weakly correlated with the correction of microcirculatory parameters, despite an appropriate treatment of macrohemodynamic abnormalities. Furthermore, conventional hemodynamic monitoring systems available in clinical practice fail to detect microcirculatory parameter changes and responses to treatments, as they do not evaluate intrinsic events that occur in the microcirculation. Fortunately, some bedside diagnostic methods and therapeutic options are specifically directed to the assessment and treatment of microcirculatory changes. In the present review we discuss fundamental aspects of septic microcirculatory abnormalities, including pathophysiology, clinical monitoring, and potential therapies.
Amelioration of sepsis by TIE2 activation induced vascular protection
Venue: Science Translational Medicine

Vascular protection through TIE2 activation is a potential treatment strategy to ameliorate sepsis. Antibody TIEs sepsis up in knots Sepsis, or severe systemic inflammation caused by infection, has a high mortality despite the availability of antibiotic treatment, and more specific therapies are urgently needed. One of the difficult to treat and potentially life threatening components of sepsis is vascular disintegration and leakage. Han et al. have discovered an antibody, called ABTAA, which binds to a ligand called angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) in the vasculature, but then activates it instead of blocking its activity like standard antibodies. When ABTAA binds to ANG2, it causes clustering of ANG2 and subsequently its receptor TIE2 at the site, and the resulting signaling cascade protects the vascular walls and blunts the damaging effects of sepsis, greatly increasing survival in mouse models of the disease. Protection of endothelial integrity has been recognized as a frontline approach to alleviating sepsis progression, yet no effective agent for preserving endothelial integrity is available. Using an unusual anti angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) antibody, ABTAA (ANG2 binding and TIE2 activating antibody) we show that activation of the endothelial receptor TIE2 protects the vasculature from septic damage and provides survival benefit in three sepsis mouse models. Upon binding to ANG2, ABTAA triggers clustering of ANG2, assembling an ABTAA/ANG2 complex that can subsequently bind and activate TIE2. Compared with a conventional ANG2 blocking antibody, ABTAA was highly effective in augmenting survival from sepsis by strengthening the endothelial glycocalyx, reducing cytokine storms, vascular leakage, and rarefaction, and mitigating organ damage. Together, our data advance the role of TIE2 activation in ameliorating sepsis progression and open a potential therapeutic avenue for sepsis to address the lack of sepsis specific treatment.
Inattentive and Socially Desirable Responding

Researchers consistently have demonstrated the distorting effects that inattentive (responding without regard for survey content) and socially desirable (presenting one's self in an overly positive way) responding can have on quantitative data. These threats to validity usually go undetected in counseling research, which is concerning given that counseling research often considers implications for practice and that research based practice is in demand. In this article, the authors review practical approaches for detecting and addressing inattentive and socially desirable response tendencies in counseling research, thereby optimizing the validity of conclusions inferred from data.
EEG based brain source localization using visual stimuli
Venue: Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in variety of research and clinical applications which includes the localization of active brain sources. Brain source localization provides useful information to understand the brain's behavior and cognitive analysis. Various source localization algorithms have been developed to determine the exact locations of the active brain sources due to which electromagnetic activity is generated in brain. These algorithms are based on digital filtering, 3D imaging, array signal processing and Bayesian approaches. According to the spatial resolution provided, the algorithms are categorized as either low resolution methods or high resolution methods. In this research study, EEG data is collected by providing visual stimulus to healthy subjects. FDM is used for head modelling to solve forward problem. The low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and standardized LORETA (sLORETA) have been used as inverse modelling methods to localize the active regions in the brain during the stimulus provided. The results are produced in the form of MRI images. The tables are also provided to describe the intensity levels for estimated current level for the inverse methods used. The higher current value or intensity level shows the higher electromagnetic activity for a particular source at certain time instant. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate that standardized method which is based on second order Laplacian (sLORETA) in conjunction with finite difference method (FDM) as head modelling technique outperforms other methods in terms of source estimation as it has higher current level and thus, current density (J) for an area as compared to others.
Isotopic Ratio Outlier Analysis of the S. cerevisiae Metabolome Using Accurate Mass Gas Chromatography/Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry: A New Method for Discovery.
Venue: Analytical chemistry

Isotopic ratio outlier analysis (IROA) is a (13)C metabolomics profiling method that eliminates sample to sample variance, discriminates against noise and artifacts, and improves identification of compounds, previously done with accurate mass liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) This is the first report using IROA technology in combination with accurate mass gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS) here used to examine the S. cerevisiae metabolome. S. cerevisiae was grown in YNB media, containing randomized 95% (13)C, or 5%(13)C glucose as the single carbon source, in order that the isotopomer pattern of all metabolites would mirror the labeled glucose. When these IROA experiments are combined, the abundance of the heavy isotopologues in the 5%(13)C extracts, or light isotopologues in the 95%(13)C extracts, follows the binomial distribution, showing mirrored peak pairs for the molecular ion. The mass difference between the (12)C monoisotopic and the (13)C monoisotopic equals the number of carbons in the molecules. The IROA GC/MS protocol developed, using both chemical and electron ionization, extends the information acquired from the isotopic peak patterns for formulas generation. The process that can be formulated as an algorithm, in which the number of carbons, as well as the number of methoximations and silylations are used as search constraints. In electron impact (EI/IROA) spectra, the artifactual peaks are identified and easily removed, which has the potential to generate "clean" EI libraries. The combination of chemical ionization (CI) IROA and EI/IROA affords a metabolite identification procedure that enables the identification of coeluting metabolites, and allowed us to characterize 126 metabolites in the current study.
Structural Damage Localization by Outlier Analysis of Signal processed Mode Shapes: Analytical and Experimental Validation

Contrary to global modal parameters such as eigenfrequencies, mode shapes inherently provide structural information on a local level. Therefore, this particular modal parameter and its derivatives are utilized extensively for damage identification. Typically, more or less advanced mathematical methods are employed to identify damage induced discontinuities in the spatial mode shape signals, hereby, potentially, facilitating damage detection and/or localization. However, by being based on distinguishing damage induced discontinuities from other signal irregularities, an intrinsic deficiency in these methods is the high sensitivity towards measurement noise. In the present paper, a damage localization method which, compared to the conventional mode shape based methods, has greatly enhanced robustness towards measurement noise is proposed. The method is based on signal processing of a spatial mode shape by means of continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) and subsequent application of a generalized discrete Teager Kaiser energy operator (GDTKEO) to identify damage induced mode shape discontinuities. In order to evaluate whether the identified discontinuities are in fact damage induced, outlier analysis is conducted by applying the Mahalanobis metric to major principal scores of the sensor located bands of the signal processed mode shape. The method is tested analytically and benchmarked with other mode shape based damage localization approaches on the basis of a free vibrating beam and validated experimentally in the context of a residential sized wind turbine blade subjected to an impulse load.
3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues.
Venue: Biotechnology advances

Bioprinting is a 3D fabrication technology used to precisely dispense cell laden biomaterials for the construction of complex 3D functional living tissues or artificial organs. While still in its early stages, bioprinting strategies have demonstrated their potential use in regenerative medicine to generate a variety of transplantable tissues, including skin, cartilage, and bone. However, current bioprinting approaches still have technical challenges in terms of high resolution cell deposition, controlled cell distributions, vascularization, and innervation within complex 3D tissues. While no one size fits all approach to bioprinting has emerged, it remains an on demand, versatile fabrication technique that may address the growing organ shortage as well as provide a high throughput method for cell patterning at the micrometer scale for broad biomedical engineering applications. In this review, we introduce the basic principles, materials, integration strategies and applications of bioprinting. We also discuss the recent developments, current challenges and future prospects of 3D bioprinting for engineering complex tissues. Combined with recent advances in human pluripotent stem cell technologies, 3D bioprinted tissue models could serve as an enabling platform for high throughput predictive drug screening and more effective regenerative therapies.
Psychometric properties of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI SF) in a high risk sample of mothers and their infants.
Venue: Psychological assessment

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the English and Spanish versions of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI SF) with mothers of 12 to 15 month old infants with elevated levels of behavior problems and from predominately Hispanic, low income backgrounds. Mothers of 58 infants were assessed as part of a larger study examining a brief home based intervention for infants with elevated behavior problems. Internal consistency was good for all 3 subscales (i.e. Parental Distress, Parent Child Dysfunctional Interaction, and Difficult Child) and the Total Stress scale. Convergent validity of subscales was supported by correlations with measures of theoretically related constructs, including maternal depressive symptoms, maternal parenting practices, and infant behavior. Furthermore, examination of the optimal clinical cutoff by examining sensitivity and specificity suggested that for this high risk sample lower percentile scores (73rd 77th) relative to the published 85th percentile cutoff, were sufficient for identifying mothers with clinically elevated depressive symptoms and infants with clinically elevated behavioral and emotional difficulties. The current results provide psychometric support for the PSI SF as an effective and appropriate measure for use with high risk families that have been underrepresented in previous research, including mothers of very young children with behavior problems, Hispanic and Spanish speaking populations, and low income families.
Validation of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form With Minority Caregivers
Venue: Research on social work practice

There has been little examination of the structural validity of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI SF) for minority populations in clinical contexts in the Unites States. This study aimed to test prespecified factor structures (one factor, two factor, and three factor models) of the PSI SF.  This study used confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 240 predominantly Black and Latino caregivers of children with behavioral difficulties.  The three factor model fit was reasonable, and the criterion validity for the subscale and total scores was good supporting continued cautious use of the PSI SF for clinical minority populations.  The PSI SF could be integrated as part of screening and intake assessment procedures, which could allow social work practitioners to make more informed decisions about treatment planning, as well as facilitate conversations with caregivers around identifying sources of stress and developing healthy coping strategies.
Validity and Reliability of the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI SF) Applied to a Chilean Sample

The Parenting Stress Index was developed in response to the need for a measure to assess the parent child system. Its abbreviated version, the Parenting Stress Index Short Form, is an instrument with multiple clinical applications and is useful for research and intervention purposes. The Parenting Stress Index Short Form was standardized for use with parents of children ranging from 1 month to 12 years old. Several validation studies are available, most of them not supporting the original structure of three factors. No validation studies for this instrument currently exist in Latin America for a socially vulnerable population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both the validity and internal consistency of Parenting Stress Index Short Form in a Chilean sample including 336 dyads (mean age of mothers 21.4 years; SD 7.38; and mean age of children 84.8 days; SD 78.0) demonstrating risk for negative health outcomes and who attend public primary health care. An exploratory factor analysis showed a three factor structure that was compatible with the original version and explained 41.45 of the variance. Internal consistency was high both for the total scale (Cronbach's a 0.92) and the three subscales (0.81: Parenting Distress; 0.89: Parent Child Dysfunctional Interaction and 0.88: Difficult Child) The Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used to assess external criterion related validity and a positive and statistically significant correlation was found (0.86) The evidence suggests that the Parenting Stress Index Short Form can be used as an instrument to measure the relationship between parenting and stress. Due to its psychometric characteristics, it can be applied to a vulnerable Chilean population. The contribution of this study is the validation of this instrument in a Spanish speaking population with characteristics of social vulnerability.
Powerful Partnerships: The Worth of Embedding Masters Level Library Science Students in Undergraduate Classes.

While experiential learning is recognized as an important pedagogical approach in Library and Information Science education, logistical hurdles can make implementing meaningful experiential projects challenging, especially in online courses. This paper will describe a project in which Library Science instructors were able to overcome common obstacles in experiential projects by partnering with instructors of undergraduate courses and leveraging the university's online course management system. In the Embedded Librarianship Project, graduate level, online Library Science students at Appalachian State University functioned as virtual embedded librarians for several undergraduate Composition classes. This article provides an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data that describes the Library Science students' perception of this project and their learning experience. In the process, the paper will illustrate the pedagogical value of providing Library Science students with intensive and extended experiential learning opportunities such as this one. It will also highlight the benefits received by the undergraduates by virtue of having access to embedded librarians. From this project, Library Science educators might find inspiration to create meaningful collaborative ventures in their own universities and programs.
Consequent Pole Flux Reversal Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicle Propulsion
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Conventional flux reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machines suffer from large pole leakage flux, which leads to the poor utilization of PMs and reduction of main flux. This paper proposes a consequent pole FRPM machine, whose magnet usage is halved compared with that of a conventional FRPM machine. Nevertheless, due to the reduction of the pole leakage flux, the proposed machine exhibits larger back EMF and torque than that of the conventional one. In this paper, the operation principles and mechanism of reduced pole leakage flux of the proposed machine are introduced. Moreover, with the employment of finite element analysis, the electromagnetic performances of the proposed machine are evaluated and quantitatively compared with a conventional FRPM machine in terms of airgap flux density, flux linkage, back EMF, pulsating torque, rated torque, losses, and flux weakening and overload capabilities.
Spatially explicit global population scenarios consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

The projected size and spatial distribution of the future population are important drivers of global change and key determinants of exposure and vulnerability to hazards. Spatial demographic projections are widely used as inputs to spatial projections of land use, energy use, and emissions, as well as to assessments of the impacts of extreme events, sea level rise, and other climate related outcomes. To date, however, there are very few global scale, spatially explicit population projections, and those that do exist are often based on simple scaling or trend extrapolation. Here we present a new set of global, spatially explicit population scenarios that are consistent with the new Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) developed to facilitate global change research. We use a parameterized gravity based downscaling model to produce projections of spatial population change that are quantitatively consistent with national population and urbanization projections for the SSPs and qualitatively consistent with assumptions in the SSP narratives regarding spatial development patterns. We show that the five SSPs lead to substantially different spatial population outcomes at the continental, national, and sub national scale. In general, grid cell level outcomes are most influenced by national level population change, second by urbanization rate, and third by assumptions about the spatial style of development. However, the relative importance of these factors is a function of the magnitude of the projected change in total population and urbanization for each country and across SSPs. We also demonstrate variation in outcomes considering the example of population existing in a low elevation coastal zone under alternative scenarios.
Development of new open and free multi temporal global population grids at 250 m resolution

Global population grids are increasingly required and used for countless applications in analysis, modeling, and policy making. However, better and comparable global information requires improved geospatial data on population distribution and densities, in particular concerning temporal and spatial resolution and capacity for change assessment. This paper presents the development of improved global multi temporal population grids, by combining best available population estimates for 1975, 1990, 2000 and 2014, with best available assessment of the spatial extents of human settlements as inferred from Landsat satellite data for same periods. Using a dasymetric mapping approach, population is disaggregated from finest census or administrative units to built up areas. These 250 m grids represent population changes in time, having also higher spatial resolution than those previously available. The novel population grids constitute currently the de facto state of the art in terms of open global geospatial population data, potentially enabling advances in many of the fields where this information is relevant.