nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface passivation effect by fluorine plasma treatment on ZnO for efficiency and lifetime improvement of inverted polymer solar cells

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an important material for polymer solar cells (PSCs) where the characteristics of the interface can dominate both the efficiency and lifetime of the device. In this work we study the effect of fluorine (SF6) plasma surface treatment of ZnO films on the performance of PSCs with an inverted structure. The interaction between fluorine species present in the SF6 plasma and the ZnO surface is also investigated in detail. We provide fundamental insights into the passivation effect of fluorine by analyzing our experimental results and theoretical calculations and we propose a mechanism according to which a fluorine atom substitutes an oxygen atom or occupies an oxygen vacancy site eliminating an electron trap while it may also attract hydrogen atoms thus favoring hydrogen doping. These multiple fluorine roles can reduce both the recombination losses and the electron extraction barrier at the ZnO/fullerene interface improving the selectivity of the cathode contact. Therefore, the fabricated devices using the fluorine plasma treated ZnO show high efficiency and stable characteristics, irrespective of the donor acceptor combinations in the photoactive blend. Inverted polymer solar cells, consisting of the P3HT:PC71BM blend, exhibited increased lifetime and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.6% while the ones with the PCDTBT:PC71BM blend exhibited a PCE of 6.9% Our champion devices with the PTB7:PC71BM blends reached a high PCE of 8.0% and simultaneously showed exceptional environmental stability when using the fluorine passivated ZnO cathode interlayers.
Synergistic Effect of Surface Plasmonic particles and Surface Passivation layer on ZnO Nanorods Array for Improved Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Venue: Scientific reports

One dimensional zinc oxide nanorods array exhibit excellent electron mobility and thus hold great potential as photoanode for photoelelctrochemical water splitting. However, the poor absorption of visible light and the prominent surface recombination hider the performance improvement. In this work, Au nanoparticles and aluminium oxide were deposited onto the surface of ZnO nanorods to improve the PEC performance. The localized surface plasmon resonance of Au NPs could expand the absorption spectrum to visible region. Simultaneously, the surface of passivation with Au NPs and Al2O3 largely suppressed the photogenerated electron hole recombination. As a result, the optimal solar to hydrogen efficiency of ZnO/Au/Al2O3 with 5 cycles was 6.7 times that of pristine ZnO, ascribed to the synergistic effect of SPR and surface passivation. This research reveals that the synergistic effect could be used as an important method to design efficient photoanodes for photoelectrochemical devices.
Study of Al2O3/ZnO multilayers for silicon surface passivation
Venue: 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC)

A good surface passivation of p type si surface is achieved by Al2O3/ZnO multilayers deposited using atomic layer deposition. The effective surface recombination velocity (Seff) less than 20cm/s is realized with symmetrically deposited multi layers on p Si. In the process a single supercycle consists of one al2o3 and 15 zno layers that can be repeated to get desired thickness of the stack. Subsequently, the samples are annealed in hydrogen ambient at different temperatures ranging from 350 to 500degC for different time duration starting from 15 to 120 min. The best Seff 20cm/s) is achieved for samples annealed in H2 at 450deg for 45min. If this order of passivation is realized at cell level, an improvement in implied open circuit voltage change of 70mv is expected.
Effectiveness of gamification in the engagement of students
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification platforms as a strategy for the engagement of students from the 8th year of elementary school in Brazil. We chose two badging platforms ClassDojo and ClassBadges to be evaluated based on 7 different criteria. The main objectives were to generate involvement among individual and particular situations, increasing the interest, engagement and efficiency while performing a specific task. We observed the behavior of 61 students from an elementary public school in Brazil as part of our field research. Data were collected using observation, semi structured interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative data were statistically analyzed using a multivariate technique known as cluster analysis. The results allowed us to classify students in 4 distinct groups and showed that students who received more rewards from the teacher got significantly better average performances. Cluster analysis was used to classify student engagement.Students with low engagement can be stimulated to do this activities through gamification techniques.Engagement indicators were identified and may be useful for future research in the area.Teacher participations is absolutely necessary to create experiences that include game mechanics for students.The objectives to be achieved in the classroom should be adherent with the mechanics of games.
Imaging of Brain Tumors with Copper 64 Chloride: Early Experience and Results.
Venue: Cancer biotherapy radiopharmaceuticals

To conduct the first investigational study that is aimed at evaluating the ability of the simple salt (64)CuCl2 to diagnose cerebral tumors in patients affected by glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) METHODS Nineteen patients with a documented history and radiologic evidence of brain tumors were enrolled in the study. Eighteen patients were diagnosed with GBM, and one patient was diagnosed with grade II astrocytoma. After initial cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patients were administered with (64)CuCl2 (13 MBq/kg) and brain positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed at 1, 3, and 24 hours after administration. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated and used to figure out the pharmacokinetic profile of the tracer. Absorbed radiation doses were estimated using OLINDA/EXM.  Copper 64 chloride clearly visualized brain cancerous lesions within 1 hour after injection, with stable retention of radioactivity at 3 and 24 hours. Excellent agreement was found between PET/CT and MRI. No uptake of the tracer was observed in low grade astrocytoma. The agent cleared rapidly from the blood and was mostly excreted through the liver, without significant kidney washout. Analysis of time variation of SUVmax values showed persistent uptake in malignant tissues with a slight increase of radioactive concentration at 24 hours.  Copper 64 chloride has favorable biological properties for brain imaging and warrants further investigation as a diagnostic tracer for GBM.
Distributed cached and segmented video download for video transmission in cellular networks
Venue: 2016 International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (SPECTS)

Wireless video accounted for more than half of the total data traffic in cellular networks in 2015, and this is expected to further increase in the upcoming years. Device to Device (D2D) communication, introduced by the LTE Advanced (LTEA) standard, allows direct communication between devices in cellular networks. Here, we introduce the DIStributed, Cached, and Segmented video download (DISCS) algorithm for improving the throughput of video transmission in cellular networks based on D2D communications. The algorithm splits video files into pieces, which are distributed over selected user equipment (UEs) in the cellular network, to cache and forward the pieces using D2D communication. We used the Discrete EVent System Specification (DEVS) formalism to build an LTEA network model and used the model to study the performance of DISCS. Simulation results show that DISCS achieves significant performance improvements in terms of the cell's aggregate data rate as well as the average data rate per user.
Cached and segmented video download for wireless video transmission
Venue: SpringSim

The continuously increasing demands for higher data rates is a challenge for cellular networks service providers. In recent years, wireless video has been one of the main drivers of wireless data traffic, and this kind of traffic is going to continue growing. The LTE Advanced standard (LTE A) introduced new methods to cope with the increasing demands, but performance is still limited. New communication algorithms that exploit Device to Device (D2D) communication provide promising solutions to deal with these issues. In D2D, transmission between user equipments (UEs) takes place over direct links, without going through the Base Stations (BS) Here, we introduce an algorithm for improving the throughput of video transmission in cellular networks called the Cached and Segmented Video Download (CSVD) The algorithm splits video files into pieces that are cached in selected UEs in the cellular network, and employs D2D communication between UEs to exchange files' pieces. We have built different models and simulated the CSVD algorithm with the Discrete EVent System Specification (DEVS) formalism. The models are used to study the improvements achieved by the CSVD in terms of the cell's aggregate data rate and the average data rate per user. Simulation results show that the CSVD achieves significant improvements over the conventional transmission approaches.
A Novel Segment Scheduling Method for Multi View Video Using Progressive Download
Venue: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

Progressive download for multi view video delivery is one of promising techniques to provide immersive and interactive experiences to users. In conventional multi view video systems, a user downloads videos of all viewpoints of one content to realize smooth view switching. However, it causes increase of video traffic, and thus low video quality within an available download rate. To download only a desired viewpoint is another approach for reduction on volume of video traffic. However, playback stalls occur after view switching. The stalls induce low user's satisfaction for applications. In this paper, we aim at two objectives: 1) to achieve reduction on video traffic and 2) to achieve reduction on the number of playback stalls. To this end, we propose a new multi view video delivery scheme for progressive download. The main idea of the proposed scheme is that the user only downloads potential videos, which are potentially played back by the user, to realize both traffic reduction and smooth view switching. In addition, we propose two download scheduling algorithms to prevent playback stalls even in a low download rate. The first algorithm prevents stalls in frequent view switching cases while the other prevents stalls in gazing cases. Evaluations using Joint Multi view Video Coding (JMVC) encoder and multi view video sequences show that the proposed method reduces video traffic by 55.1% compared with a simulcast scheme. In addition, the proposed method decreases the number of playback stalls during video playback by 86.0% compared with a request and response scheme.
Living with Spinal Cord Stimulation

Seen as contributing to human enhancement, implanted technologies have recently been receiving a lot of attention. However, reflections on these technologies have taken the shape of rather speculative ethical judgments on "hyped" technological devices. On the other hand, while science and technology studies and philosophy of technology have a long tradition of analyzing how technological artifacts and tools transform and (re )configure our lives, they tend to focus on use configurations rather than the intimate relations brought about by implanted technologies. Even the cyborg has lost some of its hermeneutic power as it has been detached from its material grounds, becoming a discursive entity. In this article, I reclaim the importance of materiality and explore how people live (and learn to live) with spinal cord stimulation (SCS) which is a type of neuromodulation technology. Implanted in bodies and seemingly out of sight, this technology does not cease to matter. Embodiment and incorporation are crucial for people to live well with SCS. Embodying the neuromodulation technology entails groping processes in which gestures are central and an increased intimacy with one's bodily materiality. Incorporating it is highly relational and entangled with the bodies of loved and distant ones, humans and nonhumans.
Prediction of graphite nanofluids' dynamic viscosity by means of artificial neural networks

Recently, nanofluids have been studied extensively by the researchers as a result of the developments in nanotechnology. It is essential for researchers to know nanofluids' physical properties in order to make calculations regarding their specific research topics. Determination of viscosity issue is an actual one due to its common usage in heat transfer and thermodynamics. In this study, graphite particles are selected to have nanofluid mixture with its base fluid of pure water. Their volumetric concentrations are varied from 0 to 2% in pure water. Once the stabilized nanofluid is prepared by a sonicator and ultrasonic bath, viscosity is measured by a viscosity meter for the temperatures ranging from 20 degC to 60 degC. Validation of the experiments have been done by means of the comparison of them with the 32 empirical correlations in the literature. Then, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) analyses have been performed in order to have better empirical correlation than those in the literature. Furthermore, detailed information on the preparation nanofluids, measurement of viscosity, a list of measured data, numerical model by Matlab software, and alteration of viscosity with temperature and concentration have been given in the paper. It was concluded that viscosity correlations in the literature can predict different types of nanofluids' viscosity although they have been derived using specific type and diameter of nano particles and their base fluids.
Professional learning in and for communities: seeking alternatives discourses

Collaborative professional learning has grown enormously in popularity over the past decade or so, with common acceptance of the establishment of groups called, variously, teacher learning communities, communities of learning, professional learning communities and so forth. Their establishment is validated by research such as Cordingley et al.'s (2005) systematic literature review which concluded that professional learning is more likely to be effective if it is both collaborative and sustained over time. While there is much to be said in terms of the potential positive outcomes of collaborative professional learning, there are also potential drawbacks such as the imposition of externally driven agendas and the capacity for dominant group members to exercise undue influence on the group's activities and modes of operation. It is also perhaps no coincidence that the rise of in house collaborative professional learning has occurred at a time of economic downturn, providing a cheaper way of 'providing' professional learning opportunities for educators and other professionals. However, the rise in popularity of collaborative professional learning opportunities conflicts with the concomitant rise of individual accountability mechanisms in the learning professions, often characterised by sets of professional standards and associated tools such as reaccreditation. These policy tools can easily serve to discourage collaboration and can lead to the pathologisation of the teacher (Kennedy 2016) While this tension between collaborative and individualised efforts seems to characterise modern times, Sanford et al. (2012) provide another lens through which this conflict might be understood. Writing about their attempts to 'decolonize' teacher education in Canada, they reflect and report on an initial teacher education programme founded on Indigenous principles which actively work against the individualistic, competitive and neoliberal discourse that frames teacher learning and development across much of the developed world. They describe this situation as characterised by 'testing, examinations, and projects evaluated by predetermined standards, maintaining students' belief in the ideology of competing for the top marks and working as individuals striving for personal success' (2012, p. 19) This approach stands in direct contradiction to Indigenous pedagogical principles such as inclusivity, community building and the recognition and celebration of individual uniqueness. Sanford and colleagues set about building courses based on these principles, in the process eschewing principles of competition, individualism and uniformity, and seeking to develop 'community wisdom' The article is an inspiring, challenging read, forcing us to consider an alternative to the Euro American centric approach so dominant in much of the world. In the context of Professional Development in Education, it forces one to think about how these principles might impact on continuing professional learning imagine a world where the
Calculation of Urban Morphology Parameterisations for London for use with the ADMS Urban Dispersion Model

Two algorithms have been developed to parameterise the urban morphology of a large urban area, for use with the ADMS Urban dispersion model. One algorithm calculates parameterisations of the urban canopy, as gridded values of average building height; average street canyon width; ratio of building plan area to grid cell area; and for a user specified set of wind direction sectors, the ratio of the frontal area of the buildings to grid cell area. The second algorithm calculates parameterisations of the street canyon for individual streets for both sides of the street: canyon height, width, and length. The input data for both algorithms are detailed vector datasets of building and road geometry. The algorithms have been implemented as ArcPy Python tools within ArcGIS. Results are presented for London, calculated for the project Coupled Urban and Regional processes: Effects on AIR quality (CUREAIR) These results used building and road geometry from Ordnance Survey MasterMap Topography.
Fast Algorithms for Robust PCA via Gradient Descent
Venue: NIPS

We consider the problem of Robust PCA in the fully and partially observed settings. Without corruptions, this is the well known matrix completion problem. From a statistical standpoint this problem has been recently well studied, and conditions on when recovery is possible (how many observations do we need, how many corruptions can we tolerate) via polynomial time algorithms is by now understood. This paper presents and analyzes a non convex optimization approach that greatly reduces the computational complexity of the above problems, compared to the best available algorithms. In particular, in the fully observed case, with $r$ denoting rank and $d$ dimension, we reduce the complexity from \mathcal{O}(r^2d^2\log(1/\varepsilon) to \mathcal{O}(rd^2\log(1/\varepsilon) a big savings when the rank is big. For the partially observed case, we show the complexity of our algorithm is no more than \mathcal{O}(r^4d \log d \log(1/\varepsilon) Not only is this the best known run time for a provable algorithm under partial observation, but in the setting where $r$ is small compared to $d$ it also allows for near linear in $d$ run time that can be exploited in the fully observed case as well, by simply running our algorithm on a subset of the observations.
Python Machine Learning Sebastian Rashka

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ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites
Venue: Nucleic Acids Res.

ChEBI is a database and ontology containing information about chemical entities of biological interest. It currently includes over 46 000 entries, each of which is classified within the ontology and assigned multiple annotations including (where relevant) a chemical structure, database cross references, synonyms and literature citations. All content is freely available and can be accessed online at http:/www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi. In this update paper, we describe recent improvements and additions to the ChEBI offering. We have substantially extended our collection of endogenous metabolites for several organisms including human, mouse, Escherichia coli and yeast. Our front end has also been reworked and updated, improving the user experience, removing our dependency on Java applets in favour of embedded JavaScript components and moving from a monthly release update to a 'live' website. Programmatic access has been improved by the introduction of a library, libChEBI, in Java, Python and Matlab. Furthermore, we have added two new tools, namely an analysis tool, BiNChE, and a query tool for the ontology, OntoQuery.