nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Timing of Return to Intercourse After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries.
Venue: The journal of sexual medicine

The impact of obstetric perineal trauma on timing of return to intercourse is unclear, although sexual desire is clearly decreased in these women. In addition, studies examining timing of return to intercourse are cross sectional and therefore cannot delineate potential reasons that patients might delay return to intercourse.  To identify factors associated with delayed return to intercourse after obstetric anal sphincter injuries.  This was a planned secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of women sustaining obstetric anal sphincter injuries during delivery of a full term singleton infant. Patients completed the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index at every postpartum visit (1, 2, 6, and 12 weeks) and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire 12 once resuming vaginal intercourse. Intercourse was considered "delayed" if patients did not resume intercourse by the 12 week visit. This cutoff was chosen because it was subsequent to the 6 week visit, when patients were instructed to return to normal pelvic activity. Continuous variables were compared using the Student t test (parametric) or Mann Whitney U test (non parametric) The kh(2) test was used for categorical variables. Statistical significance was assigned with a P value less than .05.  Primary outcome measurements were differences in pelvic floor symptoms on validated surveys between the "delayed" and "not delayed" groups at the first postpartum visit and at the time the subjects returned to intercourse. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 for depression, the Urinary Distress Inventory 6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire 7 for urinary symptoms, the visual analog scale for pain, the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index for bowel symptoms, and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire 12 at the return to intercourse visit only.  One hundred ninety nine women were included in this analysis. Most were Caucasian (77% and primiparous (86% One hundred nineteen women (60% did not resume vaginal intercourse until after the 12 week visit and were deemed "delayed." Patients who delayed intercourse scored higher on the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index (more anal incontinence) than those who resumed intercourse before 12 weeks (15.4 12.3 vs 12.0 12.8, P .02) The delayed group also had worse sexual function, shown as lower Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire 12 scores (35.4 5.9 vs 38.4 4.1, P .001) and persistently higher Fecal Incontinence Severity Index scores (4.1 7.3 vs 1.6 4.4, P .001) at the first visit after returning to intercourse.  Patients with obstetric anal sphincter injuries who do not resume intercourse by 12 weeks postpartum report more severe anal incontinence symptoms and worse sexual function after return to coitus.
Saving the World: Personalized Communication of Mindfulness Neuroscience

Over the past 10 15 years, medical interventions, therapeutic approaches, and scientific studies involving mindfulness meditation have gained traction in areas such as clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and neuroscience. Simultaneously, mindfulness has had a very strong public appeal. This chapter examines some of the ways in which the scientific meaning of mindfulness is communicated in public and to the public. In particular, it shows how experts in the field of mindfulness neuroscience seek to communicate to the public at large the imperative of brain fitness for the promotion of health, well being, and happiness. The study identifies claims being made in popular outlets that, by and large, bypass traditional mass media, such as self help books, Web sites, and online videos. By treating this material as a form of personalized science communication, this article contributes to the body of literature that understands science communication as a continuum, and the boundary between science and popularized science as the outcome of human negotiations. The study finds that processes of personalization help to build bridges between scientific findings and their supposed application, infuse science with subjective meaning, and turn expert communication with the public into a moral vocation.
Rotate it! Effects of touch based gestures on elementary school students' solving of mental rotation tasks
Venue: Comput. Educ.

Mobile devices with touch screens, such as tablets are increasingly used in classrooms. Pragmatic advantages are seen in high mobility during computer based learning due to a high portability of mobile devices and an easy online access to learning applications at places in and outside classrooms. From a psychological perspective, it is of special interest to examine how different modes of interaction with learning materials (e.g. through apps on tablets) affect performance and motivation. For example, touch screens can afford rather natural gestures and embodied interaction. For various contexts, the use of gestures to interact with information presentations (e.g. with 2 D and 3 D visualizations) has been shown to be beneficial for solving spatial tasks. It is of interest whether use of gestures can also improve learning from dynamic visual information presented on touch based devices. We present and discuss a study in which we focused on the question of whether, for elementary school students, solving spatial tasks can be enhanced by using touch gestures on mobile devices. Two conditions of spatial rotation tasks were compared using a within and between subject design: an interactive, touch based app allowing to physically rotate objects and a paper based, static version. Elementary school students worked with both conditions, though in different orders. Findings suggest that the app based, dynamic version improves task solving significantly with regard to success rate, mental and temporal efficiency. However, results clearly show that effects mostly exist only after children had first completed the paper based, static trial of tasks in which they needed to mentally rotate the objects. The results indicate an additive, enhancing effect of the touch based, dynamic interaction mode especially for children who already are capable of solving the tasks by using mental rotation processes. We investigated mental/physical rotation with elementary school children.Additive effects of touch based, dynamic representations for spatial tasks were found.Gesture use is beneficial for rotation after mental pre training.Effects relate to success rate, mental and temporal efficiency.
Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectrometer

Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea are carried out by using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) system. A voice coil motor stage based optical delay line (VCM ODL) is developed to provide a rather simple and robust structure with both the high scanning speed and the large delay length. The developed system is used for THz spectroscopic measurements and imaging of the corneal tissue with different amounts of water content, and the measurement results show the consistence with the reported results, in which the measurement time using VCM ODL is a factor of 360 shorter than the traditional motorized optical delay line (MDL) With reducing the water content a monotonic decrease of the complex permittivity of the cornea is observed. The two term Debye relaxation model is employed to explain our experimental results, revealing that the fast relaxation time of a dehydrated cornea is much larger than that of a hydrated cornea and its dielectric behavior can be affected by the presence of the biological macromolecules. These results demonstrate that our THz spectrometer may be a promising candidate for tissue hydration sensing and practical application of THz technology.
Reading and Thinking: Re read LSTM Unit for Textual Entailment Recognition
Venue: COLING

Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) is a fundamentally important task in natural language processing that has many applications. The recently released Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus has made it possible to develop and evaluate deep neural network methods for the RTE task. Previous neural network based methods usually try to encode the two sentences (premise and hypothesis) and send them together into a multi layer perceptron to get their entailment type, or use LSTM RNN to link two sentences together while using attention mechanic to enhance the model's ability. In this paper, we propose to use the re read mechanic, which means to read the premise again and again while reading the hypothesis. After read the premise again, the model can get a better understanding of the premise, which can also affect the understanding of the hypothesis. On the contrary, a better understanding of the hypothesis can also affect the understanding of the premise. With the alternative re read process, the model can "think" of a better decision of entailment type. We designed a new LSTM unit called re read LSTM (rLSTM) to implement this "thinking" process. Experiments show that we achieve results better than current state of the art equivalents.
In vitro antifungal activity of extracts obtained from Hypericum perforatum adventitious roots cultured in a mist bioreactor against planktonic cells and biofilm of Malassezia furfur
Venue: Natural product research

Xanthone rich extracts from Hypericum perforatum root cultures grown in a Mist Bioreactor as antifungal agents against Malassezia furfur. Extracts of Hypericum perforatum roots grown in a bioreactor showed activity against planktonic cells and biofilm of Malassezia furfur. Dried biomass, obtained from roots grown under controlled conditions in a ROOTec mist bioreactor, has been extracted with solvents of increasing polarity (i.e. chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) The methanolic fraction was the richest in xanthones (2.86 0.43 mg g 1 DW) as revealed by HPLC. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the methanol extract against M. furfur planktonic cells was 16 mg mL 1. The inhibition percentage of biofilm formation, at a concentration of 16 mg mL 1, ranged from 14% to 39% The results show that H. perforatum root extracts could be used as new antifungal agents in the treatment of Malassezia infections.
Value of cognitive diversity in science
Venue: Synthese

When should a scientific community be cognitively diverse? This article presents a model for studying how the heterogeneity of learning heuristics used by scientist agents affects the epistemic efficiency of a scientific community. By extending the epistemic landscapes modeling approach introduced by Weisberg and Muldoon, the article casts light on the micro mechanisms mediating cognitive diversity, coordination, and problem solving efficiency. The results suggest that social learning and cognitive diversity produce epistemic benefits only when the epistemic community is faced with problems of sufficient difficulty.
POSSIBILITIES OF PROMOTING STUDENTS' COGNITIVE INTEREST IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS

Insufficient knowledge and skill level in science subjects is one of the most serious problems of this century that hinders the advance of many branches of national economy. Academic achievements at school are closely connected with the students' learning interest. The teacher's style of work and the choice of the teaching/learning methods determine to a great extent the fact whether students will learn with interest the science subjects that for many of them seem difficult and boring. The aim of the study is to find out the students' opinion about the teaching/learning methods that help students most learn the sciences. The survey of Grade 9 students was performed. The answers are ranged on the Likert scale of four points using SPSS program for data processing. The study findings show that diversity of the methods used in schools is great and they are based on the constructivism approach. The majority of students value the highest the experiment demonstrations and laboratory works; these methods raise interest and help gaining understanding about the nature of the science. However, on the whole, the tendency to learn without putting effort in the process is observed. Approximately one fifth of the surveyed students consider that the active methods applied in science subjects do not help them in learning. The importance of textbooks has received rather low assessment while the teacher's narration is valued a bit higher. In general, it is possible to conclude that the teacher's personality and professional mastery has a great importance on promoting students' cognitive interest. Interactive teaching/learning methods developing analytical thinking and practical skills promote the acquisition of the science subjects.
Deductive Software Verification The KeY Book
Venue: Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Static analysis of software with deductive methods is a highly dynamic field of research on the verge of becoming a mainstream technology in software engineering. It consists of a large portfolio of mostly fully automated analyses: formal verification, test generation, security analysis, visualization, and debugging. All of them are realized in the state of art deductive verification framework KeY. This book is the definitive guide to KeY that lets you explore the full potential of deductive software verification in practice. It contains the complete theory behind KeY for active researchers who want to understand it in depth or use it in their own work. But the book also features fully self contained chapters on the Java Modeling Language and on Using KeY that require nothing else than familiarity with Java. All other chapters are accessible for graduate students (M.Sc. level and beyond) The KeY framework is free and open software, downloadable from the book companion website which contains also all code examples mentioned in this book.
Free topological vector spaces

We define and study the free topological vector space \mathbb{V}(X) over a Tychonoff space $X$ We prove that \mathbb{V}(X) is a $k_\omega$ space if and only if $X$ is a $k_\omega$ space. If $X$ is infinite, then \mathbb{V}(X) contains a closed vector subspace which is topologically isomorphic to \mathbb{V}\mathbb{N} It is proved that if $X$ is a $k$ space, then \mathbb{V}(X) is locally convex if and only if $X$ is discrete and countable. If $X$ is a metrizable space it is shown that: (1) \mathbb{V}(X) has countable tightness if and only if $X$ is separable, and (2) \mathbb{V}(X) is a $k$ space if and only if $X$ is locally compact and separable. It is proved that \mathbb{V}(X) is a barrelled topological vector space if and only if $X$ is discrete. This result is applied to free locally convex spaces $L(X) over a Tychonoff space $X$ by showing that: (1) $L(X) is quasibarrelled if and only if $L(X) is barrelled if and only if $X$ is discrete, and (2) $L(X) is a Baire space if and only if $X$ is finite.
On Irresolute Topological Vector Spaces

In this paper, our focus is to investigate the notion of irresolute topological vector spaces. Irresolute topological vector spaces are defined by using semi open sets and irresolute mappings. The notion of irresolute topological vector spaces is analog to the notion of topological vector spaces, but mathematically it behaves differently. An example is given to show that an irresolute topological vector space is not a topological vector space. It is proved that: 1) Irresolute topological vector spaces possess open hereditary property; 2) A homomorphism of irresolute topological vector spaces is irresolute if and only if it is irresolute at identity element; 3) In irresolute topological vector spaces, the scalar multiple of semi compact set is semi compact; 4) In irresolute topological vector spaces, every semi open set is translationally invariant.
Design, implementation, and demographic differences of HEAL: a self report health care leadership instrument
Venue: Journal of healthcare leadership

The medical community has recognized the importance of leadership skills among its members. While numerous leadership assessment tools exist at present, few are specifically tailored to the unique health care environment. The study team designed a 24 item survey (Healthcare Evaluation Assessment of Leadership [HEAL] to measure leadership competency based on the core competencies and core principles of the Duke Healthcare Leadership Model. A novel digital platform was created for use on handheld devices to facilitate its distribution and completion. This pilot phase involved 126 health care professionals self assessing their leadership abilities. The study aimed to determine both the content validity of the survey and the feasibility of its implementation and use. The digital platform for survey implementation was easy to complete, and there were no technical problems with survey use or data collection. With regard to reliability, initial survey results revealed that each core leadership tenet met or exceeded the reliability cutoff of 0.7. In self assessment of leadership, women scored themselves higher than men in questions related to patient centeredness (P=0.016) When stratified by age, younger providers rated themselves lower with regard to emotional intelligence and integrity. There were no differences in self assessment when stratified by medical specialty. While only a pilot study, initial data suggest that HEAL is a reliable and easy to administer survey for health care leadership assessment. Differences in responses by sex and age with respect to patient centeredness, integrity, and emotional intelligence raise questions about how providers view themselves amid complex medical teams. As the survey is refined and further administered, HEAL will be used not only as a self assessment tool but also in "360" evaluation formats.
Impressions That Last: Particularly Negative and Positive Experiences Reported by Parents Five Years after the End of a Child's Successful Cancer Treatment or Death
Venue: PloS one

To describe the experience of parenting a child diagnosed with cancer by examining particularly negative and positive experiences reported by parents of childhood cancer survivors and parents of children lost to cancer. Methods 168 parents (88 mothers, 80 fathers) participated. Data were collected five years after the end of successful treatment or the child's death. The parents' experiences were identified by open ended semi structured questions about particularly negative and positive experiences of the child's cancer. An inductive approach was used in which the manifest verbal content of the answers was analysed using content analysis.  The analysis revealed eight categories of negative experience (child late effects; distressing events; healthcare; impaired relationships; long term psychological consequences; own reactions; surrounding institutions; the fact that the child got cancer) and seven categories of positive experience (healthcare; improved relationships; long term consequences for the child; personal development; support systems; treatment outcome; unexpected joy) The categories were related to past events or to the present situation. The findings indicate variations in experiences between parents of survivors and bereaved parents, and between fathers and mothers, as some experiences were only reported by parents of survivors and some experiences were only reported by mothers.  The results highlight the importance of past and present events to parents, and accordingly the long lasting impact of paediatric cancer on parents. The results also point to the wide range of negative as well as positive experiences involved in parenting a child diagnosed with cancer, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the overall experience for parents of children with cancer. Specifically, the findings give guidance to healthcare providers by illustrating the need to provide healthcare personnel with continuous training in communication skills, offering parents opportunities to meet other parents in the same situation and increasing the access to psychosocial supportive services and psychological care.
Reliability and energy efficiency in cloud computing systems: Survey and taxonomy
Venue: J. Netw. Comput. Appl.

With the popularity of cloud computing, it has become crucial to provide on demand services dynamically according to the user's requirements. Reliability and energy efficiency are two key challenges in cloud computing systems (CCS) that need careful attention and investigation. The recent survey articles are either focused on the reliability techniques or energy efficiency methods in cloud computing. This paper presents a thorough review of existing techniques for reliability and energy efficiency and their trade off in cloud computing. We also discuss the classifications on resource failures, fault tolerance mechanisms and energy management mechanisms in cloud systems. Moreover, various challenges and research gaps in trade off between reliability and energy efficiency are identified for future research and developments.
Self reported sleep duration and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta analysis.
Venue: Sleep medicine

Sleep is important for optimal cognitive functioning across the lifespan. Among older adults =55 years) self reported short and long sleep durations have been repeatedly, albeit inconsistently, reported to elevate the risk for poor cognitive function. This meta analytic review quantitatively summarizes the risk for poorer cognitive function among short and long sleepers in older adults. Eligible publications were searched online and manually. A total of 35 independent samples (N 97,264) from 11 cross sectional and seven prospective cohort studies were included. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived using random effects models. Self reported short and long sleep increased the odds for poor cognitive function by 1.40 (CI 1.27 1.56) and 1.58 times (CI 1.43 1.74) respectively. Effect sizes varied across studies and may have been moderated by both study type (cross sectional and prospective) and cognitive domain assessed. For cross sectional studies, extreme sleep durations were significantly associated with poorer multiple domain performance, executive functions, verbal memory, and working memory capacity. Prospective cohort studies revealed the significant long term impact of short and long sleep on multiple domain performance only. These findings establish self reported extreme sleep duration as a risk factor for cognitive aging.
Fachbeitrag: Sprachliche Heterogenitat und Schule. Eine Kritik an der Linguistisierung sozialer Probleme

Wissenschaftler und Schulpolitiker gehen oft davon aus, dass sprachliche Heterogenitat eine der Ursachen fur Bildungsungleichheiten ist. In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie in der neueren Geschichte im deutschsprachigen Raum bestimmte Aspekte sprachlicher Heterogenitat herausgegriffen und zum Problem erklart wurden. Anhand der Beispiele Dialekte als Sprachbarrieren und Erstsprachkompetenzen in Migrantensprachen werden theoretische und empirische Schwachen dieser ,Linguistisierung" sozialer Probleme aufgezeigt. Falls die von Wissenschaft und Politik empfohlenen Masnahmen uberhaupt wirken, so ausert sich dies im besten Falle in der Sprachpadagogik, nicht aber in den Ungleichheiten zugrunde liegenden soziologischen Zusammenhangen.