nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraparticle Molecular Orbital Engineering of Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles as Amplified Theranostics for in Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.
Venue: ACS nano

Optical theranostic nanoagents that seamlessly and synergistically integrate light generated signals with photothermal or photodynamic therapy can provide opportunities for cost effective precision medicine, while the potential for clinical translation requires them to have good biocompatibility and high imaging/therapy performance. We herein report an intraparticle molecular orbital engineering approach to simultaneously enhance photoacoustic brightness and photothermal therapy efficacy of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) for in vivo imaging and treatment of cancer. The theranostic SPNs have a binary optical component nanostructure, wherein a near infrared absorbing semiconducting polymer and an ultrasmall carbon dot (fullerene) interact with each other to induce photoinduced electron transfer upon light irradiation. Such an intraparticle optoelectronic interaction augments heat generation and consequently enhances the photoacoustic signal and maximum photothermal temperature of SPNs by 2.6 and 1.3 fold, respectively. With the use of the amplified SPN as the theranostic nanoagent, it permits enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation of tumor in living mice. Our study thus not only introduces a category of purely organic optical theranostics but also highlights a molecular guideline to amplify the effectiveness of light intensive imaging and therapeutic nanosystems.
Pyroptosis is driven by non selective gasdermin D pore and its morphology is different from MLKL channel mediated necroptosis
Venue: Cell Research

Necroptosis and pyroptosis are two forms of programmed cell death with a common feature of plasma membrane rupture. Here we studied the morphology and mechanism of pyroptosis in comparison with necroptosis. Different from necroptosis, pyroptosis undergoes membrane blebbing and produces apoptotic body like cell protrusions (termed pyroptotic bodies) prior to plasma membrane rupture. The rupture in necroptosis is explosion like, whereas in pyroptosis it leads to flattening of cells. It is known that the execution of necroptosis is mediated by mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) oligomers in the plasma membrane, whereas gasdermin D (GSDMD) mediates pyroptosis after its cleavage by caspase 1 or caspase 11. We show that N terminal fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD N) generated by caspase cleavage also forms oligomer and migrates to the plasma membrane to kill cells. Both MLKL and GSDMD N are lipophilic and the N terminal sequences of both proteins are important for their oligomerization and plasma membrane translocation. Unlike MLKL which forms channels on the plasma membrane that induces influx of selected ions which osmotically swell the cells to burst, GSDMD N forms non selective pores and does not rely on increased osmolarity to disrupt cells. Our study reveals the pore forming activity of GSDMD and channel forming activity of MLKL determine different ways of plasma membrane rupture in pyroptosis and necroptosis.
Parametros antropometricos de los reclutas espanoles antes de la transicion nutricional. Analisis de las desigualdades territoriales (1858 1913)
Venue: Nutricion hospitalaria

Objetivo: analizar la geografia del estado nutricional en Espana y su evolucion entre mediados del siglo xixy comienzos del siglo xx, etapa previa a la transicion nutricional con alta prevalencia de malnutricion.Metodos: se utilizan datos antropometricos agregados (promedios provinciales de estatura) del reclutamiento militar en 1858 y 1913, asi como promedios provinciales de estatura y peso procedentes de una revision realizada entre 119.571 soldados en 1903 1906. Con estos datos se elaboran cartografia y estadisticos descriptivos. los parametros antropometricos de los espanoles se situaban entre los valores de complexion mas bajos de Europa antes de la transicion nutricional. Entre 1858 y 1913, la altura media crecio solo 1,43 cm. En ese periodo hubo cambios significativos en la geografia antropometrica marcados por la configuracion de una polaridad nutricional a las puertas de la I Guerra Mundial: las provincias del centro y del sur de pais exhiben mayor incidencia de la malnutricion cronica que las provincias del arco Noreste, que disfrutan de ventaja relativa en terminos nutricionales.las desigualdades territoriales que configuraron una geografia polarizada del estado nutricional en Espana pueden asociarse en parte a los cambios ambientales del periodo, caracterizados por el inicio de la modernizacion y la industrializacion y, asimismo, por la privacion derivada de las crisis agrarias, las enfermedades y el relativo atraso tecnologico. Se destaca la relevancia de la historia antropometrica para el estudio de los niveles de vida en poblaciones del pasado y del proceso de transicion nutricional.
Prevalencia de obesidade abdominal em adolescentes: associacao entre fatores sociodemograficos e estilo de vida

Objetivo Estimar a prevalencia de obesidade abdominal e verificar a associacao com fatores sociodemograficos (sexo, turno de estudo, cor da pele, idade, escolaridade materna e nivel economico) e o estilo de vida (consumo de alcool, sono, consumo de refrigerante, nivel de atividade fisica e comportamento sedentario) em adolescentes do Sul do Brasil. Metodos Estudo epidemiologico descritivo transversal, feito com 930 adolescentes (490 do sexo feminino) de 14 19 anos de Sao Jose, SC, Brasil. Usou se questionario autoadministrado para coletar dados sociodemograficos e do estilo de vida. A obesidade abdominal foi avaliada pelo perimetro da cintura e analisada de acordo com sexo e idade. Empregou se estatistica descritiva (frequencia absoluta e relativa, media e desvio padrao) e regressao logistica binaria, expressa em odds ratio (OR) e intervalo de confianca de 95% (IC95% foi significativo p software SPSS 17.0. Resultados A prevalencia de obesidade abdominal foi de 10,6% para mostra total (10,5% masculino; 10,8% feminino) Adolescentes que assistiam a televisao diariamente por duas ou mais horas (OR=2,11; IC95% 1,08 4,13) apresentaram maiores chances de obesidade abdominal e os adolescentes cujas maes tinham escolaridade inferior a oito anos (OR=0,56; IC95% 0,35 0,91) tiveram menor chance de obesidade abdominal. Conclusoes Aproximadamente um a cada 10 adolescentes apresentou obesidade abdominal, os fatores associados foram a escolaridade materna =8 anos) e o tempo de tela de televisao =2 horas/dia)
Limiar de tolerancia de dor a pressao, estilo de vida, forca muscular e capacidade funcional em idosas com sarcopenia

Avaliar o impacto desta condicao sobre a forca muscular, capacidade funcional, estilo de vida e limiar de tolerancia de dor a pressao.  Idosas consideradas saudaveis (n 75) de 60 a 75 anos (66,8 4,6 anos) foram estudadas em um desenho observacional e transversal. Foram excluidas as que apresentavam dor maior do que 4 na Escala Visual Analogica (EVA) e que utilizavam medicacao analgesica e/ou anti inflamatoria. A composicao corporal e a presenca de sarcopenia foram avaliadas por meio de impedancia bioeletrica. Foram constituidos dois grupos: CO grupo controle (n 51) e SARC grupo sarcopenia (n 24, indice de massa muscular menor que 6,86 kg/m2 Resultados: A capacidade funcional foi determinada pelo Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min) e a forca de preensao manual e de flexao dos cotovelos por dinamometria. O estilo de vida foi avaliado pelo questionario FANTASTICO. O limitar de tolerancia a dor foi determinado por algometria. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student (p 0,05) CO e SARC nao diferiram quanto a idade, percentual de gordura corporal, estilo de vida, TC6min, forca de flexao dos cotovelos e em praticamente todos os pontos analisados pela algometria. Entretanto, foram verificadas diferencas estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos em relacao a forca de preensao manual e na algometria da insercao direita do biceps braquial. Conclusao: Idosas com significante reducao de massa muscular nao exibem prejuizos em relacao a funcionalidade e sensacao de dor muscular e tendinea, provavelmente por uma condicao pre sarcopenica
Los migrantes por estilo de vida como agentes de transformacion en la Norpatagonia chilena

La llamada migracion por estilo de vida representa un fenomeno socio cultural y espacial que ha adquirido particular relevancia en areas de montana y grandes lagos de la Norpatagonia chilena. Para examinar las consecuencias y repercusiones que este tipo de movilidad tuvo en los lugares de destino utilizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas con la poblacion migrante. El analisis de la informacion recopilada permitio mostrar que las iniciativas, emprendimientos y practicas desplegadas por los migrantes exhiben importantes grados de creatividad que estan asociados con la re significacion de los lugares. Estos elementos sugieren que los nuevos residentes adquieren un rol que hemos denominado agentes de transformacion.
PERFIL DE PACIENTES CADASTRADOS NO HIPERDIA: CONHECENDO O ESTILO DE VIDA

O objetivo deste artigo e descrever a populacao atendida pelo HIPERDIA e avaliar o conhecimento dos pacientes sobre diabetes e hipertensao arterial, verificando mudancas no estilo de vida apos ingresso no programa. Trata se de uma pesquisa descritiva e explicativa, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, realizada com 52 pacientes. Obteve se alta prevalencia de idosos e de sujeitos que afirmaram ter conhecimento sobre a patologia e suas complicacoes; 99% realizavam tratamento medicamentoso. Concluiu se que, entre as mulheres, o sedentarismo e menor, porem os homens apresentaram modificacoes significativas nos habitos alimentares apos ingresso no programa, com reducao de gordura (77,8% e sal (18,8) encontrou se Indice de Massa Corporal e circunferencia abdominal acima dos padroes normais e 80% das mulheres com sobrepeso. Recomenda se, de acordo com os achados, que a equipe de saude da familia realize mais acoes de promocao de saude e de incentivo a pratica de atividade fisica, assim como melhora nos registros em prontuario.
Diferencas entre mulheres e homens diabeticos no autocuidado com os pes e estilo de vida

Objetivo: investigar as diferencas no autocuidado com os pes e no estilo de vida entre mulheres e homens diabeticos. Metodo: estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 1.515 diabeticos com 40 anos ou mais. Foram utilizados modelos de regressao de Poisson para identificar diferencas entre os sexos na prevalencia de deficit de autocuidado com os pes e no estilo de vida, ajustando se por caracteristicas socioeconomicas, clinicas, tabagismo e alcoolismo.  a prevalencia de deficit de autocuidado com os pes, caracterizada por baixa frequencia de secagem dos espacos interdigitais; da nao avaliacao periodica dos pes; do habito de andar descalco; de higiene insatisfatoria e corte inadequado de unhas foi significativamente maior entre os homens. Contudo, eles apresentaram menor prevalencia na pratica de escaldar os pes e no uso de calcados inadequados em comparacao as mulheres. Em relacao ao estilo de vida, os homens tambem apresentaram comportamentos menos saudaveis pois tem significativamente menor controle alimentar e nao realizam os exames laboratoriais referentes ao perfil lipidico na frequencia recomendada. Conclusao: considerar as diferencas de genero no autocuidado com os pes e no estilo de vida permite a equipe de enfermagem direcionar atividades educacionais e intervencoes nos fatores de risco a ulceracao dos pes.
Automated essay evaluation software in English Language Arts classrooms: Effects on teacher feedback, student motivation, and writing quality
Venue: Comput. Educ.

Automated Essay Evaluation (AEE) systems are being increasingly adopted in the United States to support writing instruction. AEE systems are expected to assist teachers in providing increased higher level feedback and expediting the feedback process, while supporting gains in students' writing motivation and writing quality. The current study explored these claims using a quasi experimental study. Four eighth grade English Language Arts (ELA) classes were assigned to a combined feedback condition in which they received feedback on their writing from their teacher and from an automated essay evaluation (AEE) system called PEG Writingz. Four other eighth grade ELA classes were assigned to a teacher feedback only condition, in which they received feedback from their teacher via GoogleDocs. Results indicated that teachers gave the same median amount feedback to students in both condition, but gave proportionately more feedback on higher level writing skills to students in the combined PEGz+zTeacher Feedback condition. Teachers also agreed that PEG assisted them in saving one third to half the time it took to provide feedback when they were the sole source of feedback (i.e. the GoogleDocs condition) At the conclusion of the study, students in the combined feedback condition demonstrated increases in writing persistence, though there were no differences between groups with regard to final draft writing quality. We compare the effects of combining teacher feedback with automated feedback.Teachers using automated feedback gave proportionately more higher level feedback.The combined feedback condition was associated with greater student persistence.Automated feedback helped save time and effort without sacrificing writing quality.Combining automated teacher and automated feedback benefits teachers and students.
Mitosis Detection in Breast Cancer Histology Images via Deep Cascaded Networks
Venue: AAAI

The number of mitoses per tissue area gives an important aggressiveness indication of the invasive breast carcinoma. However, automatic mitosis detection in histology images remains a challenging problem. Traditional methods either employ hand crafted features to discriminate mitoses from other cells or construct a pixel wise classifier to label every pixel in a sliding window way. While the former suffers from the large shape variation of mitoses and the existence of many mimics with similar appearance, the slow speed of the later prohibits its use in clinical practice. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we propose a fast and accurate method to detect mitosis by designing a novel deep cascaded convolutional neural network, which is composed of two components. First, by leveraging the fully convolutional neural network, we propose a coarse retrieval model to identify and locate the candidates of mitosis while preserving a high sensitivity. Based on these candidates, a fine discrimination model utilizing knowledge transferred from cross domain is developed to further single out mitoses from hard mimics. Our approach outperformed other methods by a large margin in 2014 ICPR MITOS ATYPIA challenge in terms of detection accuracy. When compared with the state of the art methods on the 2012 ICPR MITOSIS data (a smaller and less challenging dataset) our method achieved comparable or better results with a roughly 60 times faster speed.
Extracting RDF triples using the Stanford Parser

One of the most important tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP) theory consists of simplifying sentences in order to extract their structure and the most relevant information they contain. This paper presents a method to obtain RDF triples (subject predicate object) from questions using the Stanford Parser. Our approach is mainly based on a careful analysis of the dependency tree produced by the Stanford Parser. We will also make use of some extra tools (named entity recognizer, part ofspeech tagger, etc) Our algorithms have been implemented and are part of a query answering tool1.
TraceViz: a visualization framework for interactive analysis of execution traces
Venue: IHM

Hardware platforms of embedded systems are more powerful at each new generation thank to the integration of System on Chip (SoC) Developing streaming multimedia applications on embedded systems becomes an increasingly complex process. Modern applications are highly multi threaded and have to decode the multimedia stream in real time to prevent the apparition of audio and video artifacts. Debugging this kind of issue cannot be done with traditional debuggers that interrupt the decoding and perturb the synchronization of the different threads. The solution is to record all the events that occurred during the decoding in a trace and perform the analysis post mortem. There exists many visualization tools to analyze execution traces but they have reached their limits with the amount of data generated by modern applications. They either provide a too generalized representation to be useful, or they show too much details leading to a fastidious data exploration. We propose a novel interaction visualization framework to address these problems. In particular, our contribution is in two parts: (a) we present a new fast backend suitable for the interactive browsing of huge traces and (b) a new visualization tool to explore the trace at different level of details.
Adaptive sensitivity decision based path planning algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicle with improved particle swarm optimization

Automatic path planning is an essential aspect of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) autonomy. This paper presents a three dimensional path planning algorithm based on adaptive sensitivity decision operator combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. In the proposed method, an adaptive sensitivity decision area is constructed to overcome the defects of local optimal and slow convergence. By using this specified area, the potential particle locations with high probabilities are determined and other candidates are deleted to improve computational capacity. Then the searching space of particles is constrained in a limited boundary to avoid premature state. In addition, the searching accuracy is enhanced by the relative particle directivity from current location. The objective function is redesigned by taking into account the distance to destination and UAV self constraints. To evaluate the path length, the paired sample T Test is performed and the straight line rate (SLR index is introduced. In the two scenarios applied in this paper, our proposed method is 35.4%35.4% 21.6%21.6% and 49.5%49.5% better compared with other three tested optimization algorithms in the path cost on average. Correspondingly it is 9.6%9.6% 12.8%12.8% and 25.3%25.3% better in SLR, which is capable of generating higher quality paths efficiently for UAVs.
Dynamic multi robot team reconfiguration using weighted voting games
Venue: J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell.

We consider the problem of dynamic reconfiguration of robot teams when they encounter obstacles while navigating in formation, in an initially unknown environment. We have used a framework from coalition game theory called weighted voting games to analyse this problem and proposed two heuristics that can appropriately partition a robot team into sub teams. We have experimentally verified our technique on teams of e puck robots of different sizes and with different obstacle geometries, both on the Webots simulator and on physical robots. We have also shown that our technique performs faster and generates considerably fewer partitions than an existing robot coalition formation algorithm.
Life Threatening Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Idhiopatic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Successful Selective Splenic Artery Embolization
Venue: Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases

Selective splenic artery embolization (SSAE) is a nonsurgical intervention characterized by the transcatheter occlusion of the splenic artery and/or its branch vessels using metallic coils or other embolic devices. It has been applied for the management of splenic trauma, hypersplenism with portal hypertension, hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia and splenic hemangioma. We hereby describe a case of a patient affected by idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and warm auto immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) both resistant to immunosuppressive and biological therapies, not eligible for a surgical intervention because of her critical conditions. She underwent SSAE and achieved a hematologic complete response within a few days without complications. SSAE is a minimally invasive procedure to date not considered a standard option in the management of AIHA and ITP. However, following the progressive improvement of the techniques, its indications have been extended, with a reduction in morbidity and mortality compared to splenectomy in patients with critical clinical conditions. SSAE was a lifesaving therapeutic approach for our patient and it may represent a real alternative for the treatment of resistant AIHA and ITP patients not eligible for splenectomy.
Therapists' interventions in different psychotherapy approaches: category and temporal aspects

This study describes and compares the in session interventional behaviour of therapists who were clearly affiliated with five different types of psychotherapy: psychoanalysis, Gestalt, transactional analysis, bioenergetic analysis and systemic therapy. To determine the relative occurrence of elements specific to therapists' own, specific to other or common to all types of psychotherapy under investigation, audio recorded psychotherapy sessions were analysed. A second aim was to investigate if the duration of interactional units were related to certain types of intervention, hypothesizing that longer durations of intervals between therapeutic interventions might indicate higher complexities of processing in patients. Time lined verbatim transcripts of 11 therapists' verbal interventions from 137 (complete) psychotherapy sessions with 41 patients were coded according to a specially developed multi method rating manual with 100 different intervention categories. Therapists used a fairly wide spectrum of different interventions, i.e. they worked eclectically. On average they used rather few techniques from their own type of psychotherapy (9.9% about twice as many from other types of psychotherapy (18.9% and mostly non specific, common techniques (67.3% Certain types of interventions were indeed followed by time intervals whose duration significantly exceeded that of others. More than two thirds of psychotherapists' interventions under naturalistic conditions were common techniques. About 30% of the interventions, however, were techniques specific to different types of psychotherapy. Among these, we found some interventions to engage patients in activities of a longer duration, which may indicate higher complexities of processing.
The United States Federal Rules at 75: Dispute Resolution, Private Enforcement or Decisions According to Law?

This essay is a critical response to the 2013 commemorations of the 75th anniversary of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The designation essay is deliberate. This essay is a wake up call to American proceduralists to acknowledge what they all know: the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure fail to fulfill the fundamental goal of civil procedure just about everywhere: apply law to facts to determine rights and decide cases. Because the rules of procedure of American states largely follow the Federal Rules, the federal failure is a national failure. Some American proceduralists excuse this failure by asserting that the rules fulfill other "dynamic" goals. The essay is consciously polemical. It assumes failure is a given. In my book, Failures of American Civil Justice in International Perspective ( 2011) I document that failure. Skeptics are invited to consult that book.