nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pellagra Secondary to Medication and Alcoholism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Venue: Nutrition in clinical practice official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

Pellagra usually results from niacin deficiency and presents with the classic triad of dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. It is most commonly associated with malnutrition and poverty and is extremely rare in industrialized societies. Furthermore, pellagra can be induced by special clinical conditions that interfere with the intake, absorption, and metabolism of niacin. Because of its detrimental effects on health and its favorable prognosis after supplementation of nicotinamide, the importance of early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized. Herein, we report a case of pellagra in a young alcoholic who underwent combined chemotherapy for tuberculosis. For the first time, a descriptive review of literature from 1957 to 2014 has been conducted to clarify potential etiologies of pellagra: alcoholism (35.24% 37 articles) various medications (25.71% 27 articles) inadequate oral intake (16.19% 17 articles) malabsorption (13.33% 14 articles) metabolic derangement (7.62% 8 articles) excessive loss (0.95% 1 article) and etiology unknown (0.95% 1 article)
Lexical Access in the Second Year: A Cross linguistic Study of Monolingual and Bilingual Vocabulary Development

Previous research documents a significant increase in vocabulary size and speed of word recognition in monolinguals throughout the 2 nd year of life. Moreover, there is a relation between these measures across English and Spanish speaking monolinguals, such that children with larger vocabularies demonstrate faster word recognition than children with smaller vocabularies (Hurtado, Marchman, Fernald, 2007; Fernald, Perfors, Marchman, 2006) What's more, this relation becomes more robust from 18 to 24 months (Fernald, Marchman, Weisleder, 2013) However, few studies have examined the development of speed in word processing in young bilinguals and whether improvements in word processing are related to vocabulary growth in both languages (Marchman, Fernald, Hurtado, 2011) The present investigation compares the developmental changes in spoken word processing and vocabulary growth between monolingual English, Spanish, and bilingual English Spanish learners during the 2 nd year.
Detecting Text in Natural Image with Connectionist Text Proposal Network
Venue: ECCV

We propose a novel Connectionist Text Proposal Network (CTPN) that accurately localizes text lines in natural image. The CTPN detects a text line in a sequence of fine scale text proposals directly in convolutional feature maps. We develop a vertical anchor mechanism that jointly predicts location and text/non text score of each fixed width proposal, considerably improving localization accuracy. The sequential proposals are naturally connected by a recurrent neural network, which is seamlessly incorporated into the convolutional network, resulting in an end to end trainable model. This allows the CTPN to explore rich context information of image, making it powerful to detect extremely ambiguous text. The CTPN works reliably on multi scale and multi language text without further post processing, departing from previous bottom up methods requiring multi step post filtering. It achieves 0.88 and 0.61 F measure on the ICDAR 2013 and 2015 benchmarks, surpassing recent results [8, 35] by a large margin. The CTPN is computationally efficient with 0.14 s/image, by using the very deep VGG16 model  Online demo is available:
Manipulative skill competency and health related physical fitness in elementary school students
Venue: Journal of sport and health science

Improving motor skill competency and enhancing health related physical fitness are desired learning outcomes for school aged children. Achieving motor skill competency and a healthy level of physical fitness lay a foundation for being a physically active person across a lifetime. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between levels of manipulative skill competency and physical fitness for elementary school boys and girls.  In this study, 565 fourth grade students and their 9 physical education teachers were voluntary participants. The students were assessed in 4 basic specialized manipulative skills and 4 fitness components during regular physical education lessons. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and multiple R2 liner regression methods.  Boys were more proficient at the manipulative skills than girls, while girls had significant higher percentages for meeting the healthy fitness zone for the fitness tests than boys. Four manipulative skills significantly predicted progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) push up, and trunk lifts tests at p 0.05 level, but not curl up test for both boys and girls. Boys and girls in the skill competent group significantly outperformed their counterparts in the skill incompetent group on PACER, push up, and trunk lifts tests at p 0.05 level, with an exception of curl up test.  The more competent in manipulative skills, the higher healthy level in cardiovascular endurance, upper body muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility the students demonstrated. Demonstrating manipulative skill competence and maintaining a healthy level of physical fitness are 2 major desired learning outcomes for elementary school students to be able to achieve.
An exploration of the strategic antecedents of firm supply chain agility: The role of a firm's orientations

Agility has been identified as one of the most salient issues of contemporary supply chain management (Lee, 2004) Despite its importance, there has been limited theory development in supply chain agility at the firm level. The antecedents of firm supply chain agility are understood even less as they have been primarily addressed at an operational level. Gligor and Holcomb (2012b) emphasized that more research is needed to identify the firm supply chain agility strategic level antecedents. Gligor et al. (2015) specifically called for future research to investigate the role of market orientation and supply chain orientation in achieving supply chain agility. We address this call and expand on the work of Braunscheidel and Suresh (2009) who explored the role of different managerial orientations in achieving supply chain agility. The current research hypothesizes that market orientation has a direct impact on firm supply chain agility. Further, it is not enough to be market oriented to achieve a high level of supply chain agility; rather, a supply chain orientation also needs to be developed. In order to increase the explanatory power of our model we account for the impact of environmental uncertainty (Dess and Beard, 1984) Important theoretical and managerial implications are put forth as well.
EUROfusion Integrated Modelling (EU IM) Capabilities and Selected Physics Applications

Recent developments and achievements of the EUROfusion Code Development for Integrated Modelling project (WPCD, follow up of EFDA ITM TF) which aims at providing a validated integrated modelling suite for the simulation and prediction of complete plasma discharges in any tokamak, are presented. WPCD develops generic complex integrated simulations, workflows, for physics applications, using the standardized EU Integrated Modelling (EU IM) framework. The integration of codes in EU IM workflows is besides accompanied by a thorough cross verification and, recently, by the introduction of rigorous release procedures. Among the achievements, the European TransportSimulator(ETS),hasnowreachedacapabilityequivalenttothestate of the artintegrated modeling transport codes, including interchangeable physics modules for equilibrium (both fixed and free boundary) transport (interpretative analytical, neoclassical, anomalous) impurities (all ionization states) NTM, sawteeth, pellets, neutrals, Heating and Current Drive (HCD) sources including all the heating schemes (EC, NBI, IC, nuclear) and synergy effects. The core ETS has been released and deployed at JET, offering a leading tool for both interpretive transport analysis and predictive modelling of complex scenarios. Selected physics applications are presented, in particular ETS simulations of plasma density control in reactor scale plasmas fueled with multiple pellets. A MHD stability chain was developed for the analysis of equilibria from any tokamak in the EU IM platform; it includes a pool of interoperable high resolution equilibrium and linear MHD stability codes. Having passed a benchmark on core and global ideal kink instabilities, the chain has been released and applied to the predictive analysis of DEMO and JT60 SA scenarios and can be straightforwardly used for interpretive runs on present devices as JET and ASDEX Upgrade. A predictive J alpha MHD pedestal stability analysis workflow has also been developed. Routine application to sensitivity analysis of DEMO1 scenarios is performed. Furthermore, a workflow including a turbulence code and a synthetic probe was developed and applied to investigate the turbulent transport in the edge and Scrape Off Layer (SOL) of ASDEX Upgrade. Finally, a prototype edge workflow integrating the interaction with PFC was demonstrated.
Slum Improvement Lessons in Africa: Kibera

Kibera is Kenya's largest slum and one the most notorious and unsanitary informal settlements in Africa. With around 240,000 inhabitants Kibera plays an important role in Nairobi's booming economy. Kibera's notoriety stems from its lack of a basic functional infrastructure and its contested legal status as residents are excluded from formal access to land, housing and basic urban services. After decades of underperforming policies and failed upgrading projects, new legislation, policies and financing instruments have been established which are set to improve overall living conditions. Major slum improvement lessons learnt from previous slum upgrading policies in Kenya emphasise the importance of community collaboration, communication strategies, capacity building, and welfare policies.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Thermal Cracked Carbon Filtered Fatty Acid Biodiesel on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission

The world is presently confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. Indiscriminate extraction and lavish consumption of fossil fuels have led to reduction in fossil resources. The search for an alternative fuel, which promises a harmonious correlation amongst sustainable development, energy conservation, management, efficiency and environmental preservation, has become highly pronounced in the present context. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the effect of thermal cracked carbon filtered fatty acid oil biodiesel (TCFAO) at different proportions with diesel (B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100) in a single cylinder, four stroke water cooled, and diesel engine at 1500 rpm. The measured performance parameters are brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption and engine exhaust emission of CO, HC, NOx and smoke density. Significant improvements in performance parameters and exhaust emissions have observed by the addition of TCFAO blends with diesel.
Influence of injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine running on fish oil biodiesel

The ever increasing demand and depletion of fossil fuels along with environmental concern has prompted search for alternate fuels. Biodiesel is poised to make important contributions to world energy since it is renewable, bio degradable and non toxic in nature. Various oils have been used in biodiesel production owing to their availability among which fish oil is a significant one. In the present work, experimental investigations were carried out on a single cylinder four stroke, air cooled, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine with a rated output of 4.4 kW at 1500 rpm at different loads and at different injection timings, 21deg, 24deg and 27degbTDC for studying the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with Ethyl Ester of Fish Oil (EEFO) and its blends. For a diesel engine, injection timing is a major parameter that sensitively affects the engine performance, emission and durability. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) Unburnt Hydrocarbon (UBHC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in biodiesel blends were lower than diesel, whereas smoke was found to be higher. The brake thermal efficiency for B20 was higher compared to diesel in the entire load spectra. The ignition delay and combustion duration were shorter for biodiesel blends than diesel which results in lower heat release rate, peak pressure and rate of pressure rise. Retardation of injection timing caused decrease in emission and combustion parameters like NOx, HC, CO, peak pressure, ignition delay, combustion duration and heat release rate which increased with advancement in injection timing.
An Experimental Study on Combustion and Emission Analysis of Four Cylinder 4 Stroke Gasoline Engine Using Pure Hydrogen and LPG at Idle Condition

Fluctuation in oil prices and stricter exhaust emission norms were the main reasons wakening every researcher to search for suitable and feasible alternative fuels for automotive use. Among the available option gaseous fuels find their best position because of their compatible physical chemical properties and ecofriendly nature than present fossil fuels. Hydrogen's combustion properties like high energy content, high heating value, wide range of flammability and low ignition energy with almost least toxic emissions are favorable to use in an IC engine as an alternative fuel. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) has lower carbon content, higher calorific value, octane number and flame propagation speed will improve the emission results compared to gasoline fuel. This paper describes an experimental results carried out to evaluate the combustion and emission performance of a Maruti Suzuki make, spark ignited four cylinders, four stroke engines at idle condition by using pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline. The engine was adjoined with Electronic Control Unit (ECU) assisting hydrogen and LPG injector system keeping gasoline line unchanged. Tests were carried out by using compressed hydrogen gas regulated by two stage pressure reduction from cylinder to atmospheric value and by using vaporizer pressure for LPG. For comparison engine was run first by gasoline and then by pure hydrogen and LPG. Study revealed that there was increment of 13% cylinder pressure for pure hydrogen and decrement of 4.5% cylinder pressure for LPG when compared to gasoline. The burn duration for pure hydrogen, LPG and gasoline were found to be increasing respectively which infers that hydrogen has very short combustion duration and gasoline higher. It was observed that toxic emissions like Carbon monoxide (CO) Hydrocarbons (HC) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NO x were improved for pure hydrogen than LPG and gasoline.
An approach to standardization of urine sediment analysis via suggestion of a common manual protocol
Venue: Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation

The results of urine sediment analysis have been reported semiquantitatively. However, as recent guidelines recommend quantitative reporting of urine sediment, and with the development of automated urine sediment analyzers, there is an increasing need for quantitative analysis of urine sediment. Here, we developed a protocol for urine sediment analysis and quantified the results.  Based on questionnaires, various reports, guidelines, and experimental results, we developed a protocol for urine sediment analysis. The results of this new protocol were compared with those obtained with a standardized chamber and an automated sediment analyzer. Reference intervals were also estimated using new protocol.  We developed a protocol with centrifugation at 400 g for 5 min, with the average concentration factor of 30. The correlation between quantitative results of urine sediment analysis, the standardized chamber, and the automated sediment analyzer were generally good. The conversion factor derived from the new protocol showed a better fit with the results of manual count than the default conversion factor in the automated sediment analyzer.  We developed a protocol for manual urine sediment analysis to quantitatively report the results. This protocol may provide a mean for standardization of urine sediment analysis.
Presence of e EDCs in surface water and effluents of pollution sources in Sai Gon and Dong Nai river basin

This study aimed to assess the presence of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (e EDCs) including estriol, bisphenol A (BPA) atrazine (ATZ) octylphenol, octylphenol diethoxylate, octylphenol triethoxylate, nonylphenol, Nonylphenol triethoxylate (NPE3) nonylphenol diethoxylate (NPE2) and 17b estradiol in: (i) Sai Gon and Dong Nai river waters which have been major raw water sources for drinking water supply for Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and neighbouring provinces, and (ii) water pollution sources located in their catchment basin. NPE3 and NPE2 were detected in most of the surface water samples. Concentrations of NPE3 were in a range of less than 5.9 235 ng L 1, whereas BPA was detected at significantly high concentrations in the dry season in canals in HCMC. In the upstream of Sai Gon and Dong Nai Rivers, ATZ concentrations were observed at water intake of water treatment plants served for HCMC water supply system. Similarly, high potential risk of NPE2 and NPE3 contamination at Phu Cuong Bridge near Hoa Phu water intake was identified. The significant correlation between NPE2, dissolved organic carbon and total nitrogen was found. Estrogenic equivalent or estrogenic activity of Sai Gon and Dong Nai Rivers was lower than those of the previous studies. Compared with other studies, e EDCs of pollution in Sai Gon river basin were relatively low.
Merkel Cell Driven BDNF Signaling Specifies SAI Neuron Molecular and Electrophysiological Phenotypes
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience

The extent to which the skin instructs peripheral somatosensory neuron maturation is unknown. We studied this question in Merkel cell neurite complexes, where slowly adapting type I (SAI) neurons innervate skin derived Merkel cells. Transgenic mice lacking Merkel cells had normal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron numbers, but fewer DRG neurons expressed the SAI markers TrkB, TrkC, and Ret. Merkel cell ablation also decreased downstream TrkB signaling in DRGs, and altered the expression of genes associated with SAI development and function. Skin and Merkel cell specific deletion of Bdnf during embryogenesis, but not postnatal Bdnf deletion or Ntf3 deletion, reproduced these results. Furthermore, prototypical SAI electrophysiological signatures were absent from skin regions where Bdnf was deleted in embryonic Merkel cells. We conclude that BDNF produced by Merkel cells during a precise embryonic period guides SAI neuron development, providing the first direct evidence that the skin instructs sensory neuron molecular and functional maturation.  Peripheral sensory neurons show incredible phenotypic and functional diversity that is initiated early by cell autonomous and local environmental factors found within the DRG. However, the contribution of target tissues to subsequent sensory neuron development remains unknown. We show that Merkel cells are required for the molecular and functional maturation of the SAI neurons that innervate them. We also show that this process is controlled by BDNF signaling. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of somatosensory neuron development and reveal a novel way in which Merkel cells participate in mechanosensation.
N best list re ranking using syntactic score: A solution for improving speech recognition accuracy in air traffic control
Venue: 2016 16th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS)

Recently, a lot of research has been conducted to bring Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) into various areas of Air Traffic Control (ATC) such as ATC simulation and training, monitoring live operators for with the aim of safety improvements, ATC workload measurement and conducting analysis on large quantities of controller pilot speech. Due to the high accuracy requirements of the ATC context and its unique challenges, ASR has not been widely adopted in this field. In this paper, in order take advantage of the opportunities offered by the ATC context such as standardized phraseology and small vocabulary size to reduce the Word Error Rate (WER) of ASR in ATC, we perform n best list re ranking using syntactic knowledge. We propose a novel feature called syntactic score which is computed using syntactic rules. We also propose a WER Sensitive Pairwise Perceptron algorithm and use the perceptron to combine the proposed feature with the decoder's confidence score. We integrate the model into the Pocketsphinx speech recognizer and evaluate the model in terms of Word Error Rate (WER) on the well known ATCOSIM and our own ATCSC corpora. The results shows that our proposed approach reduces 1.21% and 0.21% WER on the ATCSC and ATCOSIM corpora respectively.
A Multimodal Dialogue System for Air Traffic Control Trainees Based on Discrete Event Simulation
Venue: INTERSPEECH

In this paper we present a multimodal dialogue system designed as a learning tool for air traffic control officer trainees (ATCO) It was developed using our discrete event simulation dialogue management framework with cloud based speech recognition and text to speech systems. Our system mimics pilots in an air traffic communication, allowing the ATCOs to practice a control of a virtual airspace using spoken commands from air traffic control English phraseology.
An Automatic Training Tool for Air Traffic Control Training
Venue: INTERSPEECH

In this paper we presents an automatic training tool (ATT) for air traffic control officer (ATCO) trainees. It was developed using our cloud based speech recognition and text to speech systems and allows dynamically generate the content. Our system significantly expands the available training materials, allowing ATCOs practice the basics of communication and phraseology. Furthermore, the automatic training tool is designed generally to be used for teaching in various areas, from specialized skills to a simple general knowledge.