nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) a new threat to Israel's agriculture and horticulture

The invasive mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is reported in Israel for the first time. This damaging mealybug was detected in two locations in Northern Israel on various ornamental plants. Its principal parasitoids, Anagyrus kamali Moursi and Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were both recovered from the collected samples. Maconellicoccus hirsutus is highly polyphagous but particularly thrives on members of the plant families Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Moraceae. La cochenille rose de l'Hibiscus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) une nouvelle menace pour l'agriculture et l'horticulture israelienne La cochenille envahissante, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) est signalee pour la premiere fois en Israel. Cette cochenille est nuisible et, a ete detectee sur diverses plantes ornementales de deux lieux distincts, au nord d'Israel. Ses principaux parasitoides, Anagyrus kamali Moursi et Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) ont tous deux ete retrouves dans les echantillons preleves. Maconellicoccus hirsutus est tres polyphage, mais prospere particulierement bien sur les vegetaux de la famille des Fabaceae, Malvaceae et Moraceaes. Pozovyi gibickycovyi chepvets Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) novaia ygpoza cel'ckomy xoziaictvy i plodovodctvy Izpailia Invazivnyi mychnictyi chepvets Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) vpepvye ykazyvaetcia dlia Izpailia. Etot vpeditel' obnapyzhen v dvyx mectax na cevepe Izpailia na pazlichnyx dekopativnyx pacteniiax. Oba vida ego ocnovnyx papazitoidov (Anagyrus kamali Moursi i Gyranusoidea indica Shafee (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) byli vyvedeny iz cobpannogo matepiala. Maconellicoccus hirsutus iavliaetcia shipokim polifagom, no ppedpochitaet pacteniia iz cemeictv Fabaceae, Malvaceae i Moraceae.
The significance of the geological strata on desert runoff agriculture: Indications for stable desert environment over the last 1600 years in southern Israel

Large distribution of historical agricultural installations in the desert zone of the southern Levant, mainly from the Byzantine Early Muslim periods (1600 1000 y BP) indicates that the region was highly productive in the past. That could have been achieved either because of a more humid climate, or by sophisticated runoff harvesting techniques utilized by the ancient farmers under a desert climate. Among all, the most important factor enabling the existence of the desert agriculture was runoff harvesting. Our study assess a multi disciplinary approach testing the relationship between diverse geological strata, their ability to cause runoff and the possible preferences made by the ancient farmers to utilize these rock properties. Utilizing GIS methods we generated high resolution maps, highlighting the present runoff potential both on a single lithology slope level and on the drainage basin scale. By applying this methodology we show that high correlation (80% exists when testing the spatial emplacement of runoff farming installations constructed during the Byzantine Early Muslim periods on the present best runoff yielding drainage basins under the present climatic conditions. This hints at the long stability of the environmental and probably climatic conditions in the southern Levant regions during the late Holocene.
A Novel Voltage Sensor in the Orthosteric Binding Site of the M2 Muscarinic Receptor.
Venue: Biophysical journal

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate many signal transduction processes in the body. The discovery that these receptors are voltage sensitive has changed our understanding of their behavior. The M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M2R) was found to exhibit depolarization induced charge movement associated currents, implying that this prototypical GPCR possesses a voltage sensor. However, the typical domain that serves as a voltage sensor in voltage gated channels is not present in GPCRs, making the search for the voltage sensor in the latter challenging. Here, we examine the M2R and describe a voltage sensor that is comprised of tyrosine residues. This voltage sensor is crucial for the voltage dependence of agonist binding to the receptor. The tyrosine based voltage sensor discovered here constitutes a noncanonical by which membrane proteins may sense voltage.
On the relationship between math anxiety and math achievement in early elementary school: The role of problem solving strategies.
Venue: Journal of experimental child psychology

Even at young ages, children self report experiencing math anxiety, which negatively relates to their math achievement. Leveraging a large dataset of first and second grade students' math achievement scores, math problem solving strategies, and math attitudes, we explored the possibility that children's math anxiety (i.e. a fear or apprehension about math) negatively relates to their use of more advanced problem solving strategies, which in turn relates to their math achievement. Our results confirm our hypothesis and, moreover, demonstrate that the relation between math anxiety and math problem solving strategies is strongest in children with the highest working memory capacity. Ironically, children who have the highest cognitive capacity avoid using advanced problem solving strategies when they are high in math anxiety and, as a result, underperform in math compared with their lower working memory peers.
Word Problem Solving in Contemporary Math Education: A Plea for Reading Comprehension Skills Training
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Successfully solving mathematical word problems requires both mental representation skills and reading comprehension skills. In Realistic Math Education (RME) however, students primarily learn to apply the first of these skills (i.e. representational skills) in the context of word problem solving. Given this, it seems legitimate to assume that students from a RME curriculum experience difficulties when asked to solve semantically complex word problems. We investigated this assumption under 80 sixth grade students who were classified as successful and less successful word problem solvers based on a standardized mathematics test. To this end, students completed word problems that ask for both mental representation skills and reading comprehension skills. The results showed that even successful word problem solvers had a low performance on semantically complex word problems, despite adequate performance on semantically less complex word problems. Based on this study, we concluded that reading comprehension skills should be given a (more) prominent role during word problem solving instruction in RME.
Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author(s) Arenz, M; Babutzka, M; Bahr, M; Barrett, JP; Bauer, S; Beck, M; Beglarian, A; Behrens, J; Bergmann, T; Besserer, U; Blumer, J; Bodine, LI; Bokeloh, K; Bonn, J; Bornschein, B; Bornschein, L; Busch, S; Burritt, TH; Chilingaryan, S; Corona, TJ; De Viveiros, L; Doe, PJ; Dragoun, O; Drexlin, G; Dyba, S; Ebenhoch, S; Eitel, K; Ellinger, E; Enomoto, S; Erhard, M; Eversheim, D; Fedkevych, M; Felden, A; Fischer, S; Formaggio, JA; Frankle, F; Furse, D; Ghilea, M; Gil, W; Gluck, F; Gonzalez Urena, A; Gorhardt, S; Groh, S; Grohmann, S; Grossle, R; Gumbsheimer, R; Hackenjos, M; Hannen, V; Harms, F; Hausmann, N; Heizmann, F; Helbing, K; Herz, W; Hickford, S; Hilk, D; Hillen, B; Hohn, T; Holzapfel, B; Hotzel, M; Howe, MA; Huber, A; Jansen, A; Kernert, N; Kippenbrock, L; Kleesiek, M; Klein, M; Kopmann, A; Kosmider, A; Kovalik, A; Krasch, B; Kraus, M; Krause, H; Krause, M; Kuckert, L; Ku ner, B; La Cascio, L; Lebeda, O; Leiber, B; Letnev, J; Lobashev, VM; Lokhov, A; Malcherek, E; Mark, M; Martin, EL; Mertens, S Abstract: (c) 2018 Institute of Physics Publishing.  The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the b electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium b decay. An integral energy analysis will be performed by an electro static spectrometer "Main Spectrometer" an ultra high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m3, and a complex inner electrode system with about 120 000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the b electrons is provided by super conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. A system consisting of 6 turbo molecular pumps and 3 km of non evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake out at 300*C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10 11 mbar range. It is demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016.
Distinct Functions of Senescence Associated Immune Responses in Liver Tumor Surveillance and Tumor Progression.
Venue: Cancer cell

Oncogene induced senescence causes hepatocytes to secrete cytokines, which induce their immune mediated clearance to prevent tumor initiation, a process termed "senescence surveillance." However, senescent hepatocytes give rise to hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) if the senescence program is bypassed or if senescent cells are not cleared. Here, we show context specific roles for CCR2+ myeloid cells in liver cancer. Senescence surveillance requires the recruitment and maturation of CCR2+ myeloid cells, and CCR2 ablation caused outgrowth of HCC. In contrast, HCC cells block the maturation of recruited myeloid precursors, which, through NK cell inhibition, promote growth of murine HCC and worsen the prognosis and survival of human HCC patients. Thus, while senescent hepatocyte secreted chemokines suppress liver cancer initiation, they may accelerate the growth of fully established HCC.
Automatic liver tumor segmentation on computed tomography for patient treatment planning and monitoring
Venue: EXCLI journal

Segmentation of liver tumors from Computed Tomography (CT) and tumor burden analysis play an important role in the choice of therapeutic strategies for liver diseases and treatment monitoring. In this paper, a new segmentation method for liver tumors from contrast enhanced CT imaging is proposed. As manual segmentation of tumors for liver treatment planning is both labor intensive and time consuming, a highly accurate automatic tumor segmentation is desired. The proposed framework is fully automatic requiring no user interaction. The proposed segmentation evaluated on real world clinical data from patients is based on a hybrid method integrating cuckoo optimization and fuzzy c means algorithm with random walkers algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed method was validated using a clinical liver dataset containing one of the highest numbers of tumors utilized for liver tumor segmentation containing 127 tumors in total with further validation of the results by a consultant radiologist. The proposed method was able to achieve one of the highest accuracies reported in the literature for liver tumor segmentation compared to other segmentation methods with a mean overlap error of 22.78 and dice similarity coefficient of 0.75 in 3Dircadb dataset and a mean overlap error of 15.61 and dice similarity coefficient of 0.81 in MIDAS dataset. The proposed method was able to outperform most other tumor segmentation methods reported in the literature while representing an overlap error improvement of 6 compared to one of the best performing automatic methods in the literature. The proposed framework was able to provide consistently accurate results considering the number of tumors and the variations in tumor contrast enhancements and tumor appearances while the tumor burden was estimated with a mean error of 0.84 in 3Dircadb dataset.
Effects of Boswellia Carterii And Boswellia Serrata in Drinking Water on the Growth Performance, Hematology Traits and Immune Response of Broiler Chicken

A total of 300 Ross 308 broiler chickens, 7 days old, comprised the subjects in this study. They were randomly distributed into 5 treatments of 3 replicates each (15 bird/rpt) Boswellia was ground and mixed in drinking water of chickens during the whole period of the experiment, which lasted for 35 days, at levels of 0g (T1: Control) 2 g Boswellia carterii/l liter water (T2) 3 g Boswellia. carterii/l liter water (T3) 2 g Boswellia. serrata/l liter water (T4) and 3 g Boswellia.serrata l liter water (T5) Growth performance parameters which included body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and EBI were reported every week during the experiment. Moreover, three birds per replicate, 35 days old, were slaughtered to assay the hematological characteristics and immune response parameters. The results tevealed that the fifth treatment (3gBs/l water) showed considertable improvement (P 0.05) feed intake, feed conversion ratio, albumin, glucose and cholesterol, followed by T4, T3, T2 respectively in comparison with control (T1) It was concluded that broilers that received Boswellia (BC, BS) especially T5 could have positively affected growth performance and well being of the broiler chickens.
New high speed centre of mass method incorporating background subtraction for accurate determination of fluorescence lifetime.
Venue: Optics express

We demonstrate an implementation of a centre of mass method (CMM) incorporating background subtraction for use in multifocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to accurately determine fluorescence lifetime in live cell imaging using the Megaframe camera. The inclusion of background subtraction solves one of the major issues associated with centre of mass approaches, namely the sensitivity of the algorithm to background signal. The algorithm, which is predominantly implemented in hardware, provides real time lifetime output and allows the user to effectively condense large amounts of photon data. Instead of requiring the transfer of thousands of photon arrival times, the lifetime is simply represented by one value which allows the system to collect data up to limit of pulse pile up without any limitations on data transfer rates. In order to evaluate the performance of this new CMM algorithm with existing techniques (i.e. rapid lifetime determination and Levenburg Marquardt) we imaged live MCF 7 human breast carcinoma cells transiently transfected with FRET standards. We show that, it offers significant advantages in terms of lifetime accuracy and insensitivity to variability in dark count rate (DCR) between Megaframe camera pixels. Unlike other algorithms no prior knowledge of the expected lifetime is required to perform lifetime determination. The ability of this technique to provide real time lifetime readout makes it extremely useful for a number of applications.
Extensive Reading for Second Language Learners of Japanese in Higher Education: Graded Readers and Beyond.

This paper reports on the implementation of Japanese extensive reading with international students studying at a Japanese university using graded readers (GRs) GRs chosen for the present study were simplified versions of original Japanese literature and were used to support students in acquiring a top down reading strategy, a wide range of vocabulary, and Chinese characters. Students were required to read the same GRs, take online quizzes about what they had read, and participate in classroom discussions. Following this, students were introduced to the original texts with glosses and the teacher's support. Results of preand post questionnaires suggested that GRs are useful for leaners at Japanese universities who are still acquiring Chinese characters in the Japanese language, and that reading simplified versions of original Japanese literature allowed learners to understand the original that were too difficult for them to read easily at their Japanese level and learn non academic vocabulary.
Investigation of the Ion Energy Transport in the Scrape Off Layer on the J TEXT Tokamak Using a Retarding Field Analyzer

Radial profiles of the ion temperature, Ti, have been measured by a double sided retarding field analyzer (RFA) in the scrape off layer (SOL) of the J TEXT tokamak (R 105 cm, r 25 29 cm, Bt 1.8 2.0 T, Ip 120 180 kA, ne (2 2.5) x 1019 m 3) Strongly declining Ti profiles in the SOL have been found. The different e folding lengths, lT, of the Ti profiles in two experimental configurations with different magnetic connection lengths, Lc, reveal that a longer Lc results in weaker parallel energy transport and longer lT. In similarity with the particle transport across the SOL, lT is approximately proportional to the square root of Lc. Additionally, the poloidal asymmetry has been identified with enhanced ion energy transport across the SOL on the low field side.
Drug Induced Acute Pancreatitis and Pseudoaneurysms: An Ominous Combination
Venue: GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology

Rupture of pseudoaneurysms is rare but can be life threatening complications of acute or chronic pancreatitis, usually due to enzymatic digestion of vessel walls crossing peripancreatic fluid collections. We report the case of a 40 year old female, with multisystemic lupus and anticoagulated for prior thrombotic events, admitted for probable cyclosporine induced acute pancreatitis. Hemodynamic instability occurred due to abdominal hemorrhage from two pseudoaneurysms inside an acute peri pancreatic collection. Selective angiography successfully embolized the gastroduodenal and pancreatoduodenal arteries. The hemorrhage recurred two weeks later and another successful embolization was performed and the patient remains well to date. The decision to restart anticoagulants and to suspend cyclosporine was challenging and required a multidisciplinary approach. Despite rare, bleeding from a pseudoaneurysm should be considered when facing a patient with pancreatitis and sudden signs of hemodynamic instability.
Activated protein C retards recovery from coagulopathy in severe acute pancreatitis
Venue: Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation

Activated protein C (APC) an endogenous anticoagulant, has antithrombotic, fibrinolytic and anti inflammatory properties. We recently conducted a controlled study (APCAP, activated protein C in severe acute pancreatitis) of APC treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) Here we studied the effect of APC on the pivotal coagulation parameters of the surviving patients in the APCAP study.  The study consisted of 20 patients of whom 10 patients had received APC and 10 patients had received placebo. Coagulation parameters, physiological anticoagulants, thrombograms and circulating levels of IL 6 and CRP were determined on admission and at days 1, 3 4 and 6 7.  During follow up, the temporal levels of prothrombin time (PT) decreased and the temporal levels of thromboplastin time (TT) increased in placebo group (p 0.001 for both) but not in APC group. The temporal levels of antithrombin (AT) increased less in APC group than in placebo group (p 0.011) The shapes of the SAP patients' thrombograms were strongly deranged and were marginally affected by APC treatment.  Coagulopathy in SAP, a complex phenomenon, is not alleviated by APC treatment. Rather, the patients receiving APC are heading toward normal homeostasis of coagulation slower than patients receiving placebo.
Redefined clinical features and diagnostic criteria in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy.
Venue: JCI insight

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder typically caused by homozygous AIRE mutations. It classically presents with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmunity that primarily targets endocrine tissues; hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency are most common. Developing any two of these classic triad manifestations establishes the diagnosis. Although widely recognized in Europe, where nonendocrine autoimmune manifestations are uncommon, APECED is less defined in patients from the Western Hemisphere. We enrolled 35 consecutive American APECED patients (33 from the US) in a prospective observational natural history study and systematically examined their genetic, clinical, autoantibody, and immunological characteristics. Most patients were compound heterozygous; the most common AIRE mutation was c.967_979del13. All but one patient had anti IFN o autoantibodies, including 4 of 5 patients without biallelic AIRE mutations. Urticarial eruption, hepatitis, gastritis, intestinal dysfunction, pneumonitis, and Sjogren's like syndrome, uncommon entities in European APECED cohorts, affected 40% 80% of American cases. Development of a classic diagnostic dyad was delayed at mean 7.38 years. Eighty percent of patients developed a median of 3 non triad manifestations before a diagnostic dyad. Only 20% of patients had their first two manifestations among the classic triad. Urticarial eruption, intestinal dysfunction, and enamel hypoplasia were prominent among early manifestations. Patients exhibited expanded peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD21loCD38lo B lymphocytes. In summary, American APECED patients develop a diverse syndrome, with dramatic enrichment in organ specific nonendocrine manifestations starting early in life, compared with European patients. Incorporation of these new manifestations into American diagnostic criteria would accelerate diagnosis by approximately 4 years and potentially prevent life threatening endocrine complications.
Environmental impact food labels combining carbon, nitrogen, and water footprints

The environmental impact of the production and consumption of food is seldom depicted to consumers. The footprint of food products provides a means for consumers to compare environmental impacts across and within product groups. In this study we apply carbon, nitrogen, and water footprints in tandem and present food labels that could help inform consumers about the environmental impacts of individual food products. The footprint factors used in this study are specific to the United States, but the concept can be applied elsewhere. We propose three methods of footprint calculations: footprint weight, sustainability measures, and daily value. We apply the three footprint calculation methods to four example labels (stars label, stoplight label, nutrition label add on, and a detailed comparison label) that vary in design and the amount of detail provided. The stars label is simple and easily understood but provides minimal detail about the footprints. At the other end of the spectrum, the detailed comparison label gives context in relative terms (e.g. carbon emissions for equivalent distance driven) for the food product. Implementing environmental impact food labels requires additional understanding of how consumers use footprint labels, and label suitability may vary for government organizations, retail and local grocers, and farmers.