nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Menge: A Modular Framework for Simulating Crowd Movement

We present Menge, a cross platform, extensible, modular framework for simulating pedestrian movement in a crowd. Menge's architecture is inspired by an implicit decomposition of the problem of simulating crowds into component subproblems. These subproblems can typically be solved in many ways; different combinations of subproblem solutions yield crowd simulators with likewise varying properties. Menge creates abstractions for those subproblems and provides a plug in architecture so that a novel simulator can be dynamically configured by connecting built in and bespoke implementations of solutions to the various subproblems. Use of this type of framework could facilitate crowd simulation research, evaluation, and applications by reducing the cost of entering the domain, facilitating collaboration, and making comparisons between algorithms simpler. We show how the Menge framework is compatible with many prior models and algorithms used in crowd simulation and illustrate its flexibility via a varied set of scenarios and applications.
MomenTUMv2: A Modular, Extensible, and Generic Agent Based Pedestrian Behavior Simulation Framework

Agent based pedestrian behavior simulators are computational systems that implement models and theories describing the behavior of individual pedestrians. Pedestrian simulations are performed to evaluate and compare behavior models. Ultimately, pedestrian simulations will provide a method to forecast pedestrian behavior. To develop a pedestrian simulator, multiple infrastructure and non behavior concepts have to be implemented. Such components can be reused for the development of new simulation models, if the simulator is designed as a modular simulation framework The existing agent based pedestrian simulation frameworks are often limited in their capabilities regarding infrastructure flexibility, non behavior models, pedestrian model requirements, or hybrid modeling. To fill this gap, we developed the agent based pedestrian behavior simulation framework MomenTUMv2, which was carefully designed based on software engineering paradigms and in depth background in pedestrian dynamics research. MomenTUMv2 has a number of high level key features. First, MomenTUMv2 handles models generically, because models are conceptualized as operation providers. Second, MomenTUMv2 is extensible by design, which enables model developers to add models by following interface definitions. Finally, MomenTUMv2 can couple models in almost any modular manner, based on a configurable execution pipeline. The unique qualities of MomenTUMv2 allows to design simulations without writing code and to add new theory implementations without changing the given infrastructure. To provide evidence for the capabilities of MomenTUMV2, we discuss an example application that shows a multi hybrid agent based simulation conducted by means of our framework.
Text Based Network Industries and Endogenous Product Differentiation
Venue: Journal of Political Economy

We study how firms differ from their competitors using new time varying measures of product similarity based on text based analysis of firm 10 K product descriptions. This year by year set of product similarity measures allows us to generate a new set of industries in which firms can have their own distinct set of competitors. Our new sets of competitors explain specific discussion of high competition, rivals identified by managers as peer firms, and changes to industry competitors following exogenous industry shocks. We also find evidence that firm R&D and advertising are associated with subsequent differentiation from competitors, consistent with theories of endogenous product differentiation.
Cardiac Abnormalities in First Degree Relatives of Unexplained Cardiac Arrest Victims: A Report From the Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry
Venue: Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology

Unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) may be explained by inherited arrhythmia syndromes. The Cardiac Arrest Survivors With Preserved Ejection Fraction Registry prospectively assessed first degree relatives of UCA or sudden unexplained death victims to screen for cardiac abnormalities.  Around 398 first degree family members (186 UCA, 212 sudden unexplained death victims' relatives; mean age, 44+ 17 years) underwent extensive cardiac workup, including ECG, signal averaged ECG, exercise testing, cardiac imaging, Holter monitoring, and selective provocative drug testing with epinephrine or procainamide. Genetic testing was performed when a mutation was identified in the UCA survivor or when the diagnostic workup revealed a phenotype suggestive of a specific inherited arrhythmia syndrome. The diagnostic strength was classified as definite, probable, or possible based on previously published definitions. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 120 of 398 patients (30.2% with 67 of 398 having a definite or probable diagnosis (17% including Long QT syndrome (13% catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (4% arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (4% and Brugada syndrome (3% The detection yield was similar for family members of UCA and sudden unexplained death victims (31% versus 27% P=0.59) Genetic testing was performed more often in family members of UCA patients (29% versus 20% P=0.03) Disease causing mutations were identified in 20 of 398 relatives (5% The most common pathogenic mutations were RyR2 (2% SCN5A (1% and KNCQ1 (0.8% Conclusions Cardiac screening revealed abnormalities in 30% of first degree relatives of UCA or sudden unexplained death victims, with a clear working diagnosis in 17% Long QT, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia were the most common diagnoses. Systematic cascade screening and genetic testing in asymptomatic individuals will lead to preventive lifestyle and medical interventions with potential to prevent sudden cardiac death.
Surviving Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Qualitative Survey Study of Survivors.
Venue: Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management

Research describing survivors of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) has centered on quantifying functional ability, perceived quality of life, and neurocognitive assessment. Many gaps remain, however, regarding survivors' psychosocial perceptions of life in the aftermath of cardiac arrest. An important influence upon those perceptions is the presence of support and its role in a survivor's life. An Internet based pilot survey study was conducted to gather data from SCA survivors and friends and/or family members (FFMs) representing their support system. The survey was distributed to members of the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation (SCAF) via the Internet by SCAF leadership. Questions included both discrete multiple choice and open ended formats. Inductive thematic analyses were completed by three independent researchers trained in qualitative research methodology to identify primary themes consistent among study participants until thematic saturation was achieved. No statistical inferences were made. A total of 205 surveys were returned over the 5 month study period (July to November 2013) nine were received blank, leaving 196 surveys available for review. Major themes identified for survivors (N 157) include the significance of and desire to share experiences with others; subculture identification (unique experience from those suffering a heart attack) and the need to seek a new normal, both personally and inter personally. Major themes identified for FFMs (N 39) include recognition of loved one's memory loss; a lack of information at discharge, including expectations after discharge; and concern for the patient experiencing another cardiac arrest. This pilot, qualitative survey study suggests several common themes important to survivors, and FFMs, of cardiac arrest. These themes may serve as a basis for future patient centered focus groups and the development of patient centered guidelines for patients and support persons of those surviving cardiac arrest.
Cardiac abnormalities in First Degree relatives of unexplained Cardiac arrest Victims

398 first degree family members (186 UCA, 212 SUD relatives; mean age 44+ 17 years) underwent extensive cardiac workup including ECG, SAECG, exercise testing, cardiac imaging, Holter monitoring and selective provocative drug testing with epinephrine or procainamide. Genetic testing was performed when a mutation was identified in the UCA survivor or when the diagnostic workup revealed a phenotype suggestive of a specific inherited arrhythmia syndrome. The diagnostic strength was classified as definite, probable or possible based on previously published definitions. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 120/398 patients (30.2% with 67/398 having a definite or probable diagnosis (17% including longQT Syndrome (13% CPVT (4% ARVC (4% and Brugada syndrome (3% The detection yield was similar for family members of UCA and SUD victims (31% versus 27% P=0.59) Genetic testing was performed more often in family members of UCA patients (29% versus 20%;P=0.03) Disease causing mutations were identified in 20/398 relatives (5% The most common pathogenic mutations were RyR2 (2% SCN5A (1% and KNCQ1 (0.8%
Helping Women Change the Odds Against Their Number 1 Health Threat.
Venue: Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes

Heart disease survivor Paula Rice of New York has straightforward advice for every woman: if you have not seen your doctor lately, schedule an appointment right away. Two years ago, when Paula began to experience nausea and fatigue, heart disease was the last thing on her mind. She discussed her symptoms with family members, friends, and workmates; yet she never told a doctor. She chose to fight through her symptoms, hoping that they would soon pass. Everything changed several days later when she found herself almost completely out of breath while climbing the subway stairs. Soon after, she went into atrial fibrillation and had a cardiac arrest. Today, as a volunteer advocate for the American Heart Association's Go Red For Women movement, Paula is sharing her story with women across the country, hoping that her example will serve as a reminder of why it is important to make room on the calendar to see a doctor. Stories like Paula's are a key reason why Go Red For Women is encouraging every woman to schedule a well woman visit, an annual prevention check up to discuss your overall health, lifestyle, blood pressure, and cholesterol and to look for signs of heart disease, stroke, and other illnesses. For most women, a well woman visit has no additional costs because of the Affordable Care Act and is separate from other appointments for specific sicknesses or injuries. However, women should check with their health insurance plan for preventive service coverage before scheduling the visit. A 2013 survey by Go Red For Women found that at least 20% of women had put off preventive services in the past year because of cost concerns. Today, it is likely that many women still are not taking full advantage of benefits like the well woman visit. Our vision is to create a
Don't Touch that Column: Portable, Fine Grained Access Control for Android's Native Content Providers
Venue: WISEC

Android applications access native SQLite databases through their Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) exposed by the Content provider library. By design, the SQLite engine used in the Android system does not enforce access restrictions on database content nor does it log database accesses. Instead, Android enforces read and write permissions on the native providers through which databases are accessed via the mandatory applications permissions system. This system is very coarse grained, however, and can allow applications far greater access to sensitive data than a user might intend. In this paper, we present a novel technique called priVy that merges static bytecode weaving and database query rewriting to achieve low level access control for Android native providers at the application level. priVy defines access control for both database schema and entities and does not require any modifications to the underlying operating system and/or framework code. Instead, it provides a new Controller stub which is statically woven into the target application and a Controller interface for setting access levels, thus making it accessible and easily adoptable by average users. We provide an evaluation in terms of the resilience of applications to instrumentation as well as static and runtime instrumentation overhead. In our testing, priVy incurs an average of 1032 additional method calls or joinpoints created and it takes an average of 15 seconds to recompile an app and imposes virtually no runtime overhead.
Advances in the Management of Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome in China: Biomarkers for Predicting Development and Outcomes
Venue: Kidney Diseases

Acute cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a common clinical condition associated with adverse outcomes. Early identification of acute kidney injury in this setting remains challenging given that serum creatinine level is a marker of renal function and not kidney injury.  Several renal injury related molecules are now available, which may help elucidate the complexities of the organ crosstalk, enabling more accurate risk stratification and effective interventions.  This review highlights the major studies that have characterized the diagnostic and prognostic predictive power of these biomarkers with reference to acute CRS. Although more research is needed, the current results are very promising.
A Study of Stereoscopic Digital Cinema in China Including New Standards and Recommendations

This paper analyzes and explains the technical parameters of digital cinema stereoscopic projection (luminance, sequential contrast, intraframe contrast, crosstalk, light efficiency, etc. based on the newly released GD/J 047 2013, "Technical Requirements and Methods of Measurement for Digital Cinema Stereoscopic Projection." Methods of inspection and evaluation for stereoscopic projection are discussed, and guidelines for improving stereoscopic projection quality are suggested.
Semi Supervised Learning of Sequence Models with Method of Moments
Venue: EMNLP

We propose a fast and scalable method for semi supervised learning of sequence models, based on anchor words and moment matching. Our method can handle hidden Markov models with feature based log linear emissions. Unlike other semi supervised methods, no decoding passes are necessary on the unlabeled data and no graph needs to be constructed only one pass is necessary to collect moment statistics. The model parameters are estimated by solving a small quadratic program for each feature. Experiments on part of speech (POS) tagging for Twitter and for a low resource language (Malagasy) show that our method can learn from very few annotated sentences.
Multilingual Part of Speech Tagging with Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory Models and Auxiliary Loss
Venue: ACL

Bidirectional long short term memory (bi LSTM) networks have recently proven successful for various NLP sequence modeling tasks, but little is known about their reliance to input representations, target languages, data set size, and label noise. We address these issues and evaluate bi LSTMs with word, character, and unicode byte embeddings for POS tagging. We compare bi LSTMs to traditional POS taggers across languages and data sizes. We also present a novel bi LSTM model, which combines the POS tagging loss function with an auxiliary loss function that accounts for rare words. The model obtains state of the art performance across 22 languages, and works especially well for morphologically complex languages. Our analysis suggests that bi LSTMs are less sensitive to training data size and label corruptions (at small noise levels) than previously assumed.
PCB pollution continues to impact populations of orcas and other dolphins in European waters
Venue: Scientific reports

Organochlorine (OC) pesticides and the more persistent polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have well established dose dependent toxicities to birds, fish and mammals in experimental studies, but the actual impact of OC pollutants on European marine top predators remains unknown. Here we show that several cetacean species have very high mean blubber PCB concentrations likely to cause population declines and suppress population recovery. In a large pan European meta analysis of stranded (n 929) or biopsied (n 152) cetaceans, three out of four species: striped dolphins (SDs) bottlenose dolphins (BNDs) and killer whales (KWs) had mean PCB levels that markedly exceeded all known marine mammal PCB toxicity thresholds. Some locations (e.g. western Mediterranean Sea, south west Iberian Peninsula) are global PCB "hotspots" for marine mammals. Blubber PCB concentrations initially declined following a mid 1980s EU ban, but have since stabilised in UK harbour porpoises and SDs in the western Mediterranean Sea. Some small or declining populations of BNDs and KWs in the NE Atlantic were associated with low recruitment, consistent with PCB induced reproductive toxicity. Despite regulations and mitigation measures to reduce PCB pollution, their biomagnification in marine food webs continues to cause severe impacts among cetacean top predators in European seas.
Simultaneous Multi Layer Access
Venue: ACM Trans. Archit. Code Optim.

3D stacked DRAM alleviates the limited memory bandwidth bottleneck that exists in modern systems by leveraging through silicon vias (TSVs) to deliver higher external memory channel bandwidth. Today's systems, however, cannot fully utilize the higher bandwidth offered by TSVs, due to the limited internal bandwidth within each layer of the 3D stacked DRAM. We identify that the bottleneck to enabling higher bandwidth in 3D stacked DRAM is now the global bitline interface, the connection between the DRAM row buffer and the peripheral IO circuits. The global bitline interface consists of a limited and expensive set of wires and structures, called global bitlines and global sense amplifiers, whose high cost makes it difficult to simply scale up the bandwidth of the interface within a single DRAM layer in the 3D stack. We alleviate this bandwidth bottleneck by exploiting the observation that several global bitline interfaces already exist across the multiple DRAM layers in current 3D stacked designs, but only a fraction of them are enabled at the same time. We propose a new 3D stacked DRAM architecture, called Simultaneous Multi Layer Access (SMLA) which increases the internal DRAM bandwidth by accessing multiple DRAM layers concurrently, thus making much greater use of the bandwidth that the TSVs offer. To avoid channel contention, the DRAM layers must coordinate with each other when simultaneously transferring data. We propose two approaches to coordination, both of which deliver four times the bandwidth for a four layer DRAM, over a baseline that accesses only one layer at a time. Our first approach, Dedicated IO, statically partitions the TSVs by assigning each layer to a dedicated set of TSVs that operate at a higher frequency. Unfortunately, Dedicated IO requires a nonuniform design for each layer (increasing manufacturing costs) and its DRAM energy consumption scales linearly with the number of layers. Our second approach, Cascaded IO, solves both issues by instead time multiplexing all of the TSVs across layers. Cascaded IO reduces DRAM energy consumption by lowering the operating frequency of higher layers. Our evaluations show that SMLA provides significant performance improvement and energy reduction across a variety of workloads (55%/18% on average for multiprogrammed workloads, respectively) over a baseline 3D stacked DRAM, with low overhead.
What Impact has Work life Balance on Employees Job Satisfaction in the Retail Sector in Ireland?

Work life balance (WLB) is an ever growing core attribute to business practices, business developments and this is supported by the growing number of research studies on the impact of WLB on organisations and on their employees (Gregory Milner, 2009) The literature presented shows that WLB does have a significant bearing on employees and their employers through different ways. Any unbalance of an employee's WLB can have detrimental effects if the unbalance of work/life is favouring work over their lives. This study's primary focus is to assess how employee's job satisfaction is determined by their WLB. The individuals this research is focused on is employees working in the retail sector throughout Ireland. For the purpose of this study, quantitative research methods was chosen. A specific population sample was chosen amongst participants who are working in Ireland's leading children's toy retailer. 100 surveys were distributed with 50 male and 50 female participants completing and returning the surveys. The scales used in the study were analysed through the SPPS computer data system to study the Cronbach's Alpha coefficients and for analysing the data recovered along with other tests used in the results chapter. The author didn't undertake qualitative research as a large range of participants and responses was wanted with quantitative the best approach for this reason. Literature on this area of research argues that qualitative research is best suited to gain individuals experiences and attitudes towards the topic of discussion. However, literature says quantitative research is more reliable (Pathak, et al. 2013) The author wanted to gain the thoughts and insight of employees who worked as sales assistants and not management and as many as possible to gather greater data and in hindsight achieve more reliable results. The study confirmed that a WLB is greatly associated with job satisfaction for employees working in the retail sector and based on the participant's responses, this study can confirm that there is a relationship between WLB practices and the well being of employees.
Common and differential alterations of general emotion processing in obsessive compulsive and social anxiety disorder
Venue: Psychological Medicine

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are characterized by biased perception and processing of potentially threatening stimuli. A hyper reactivity of the fear circuit [e.g. amygdala, anterior cingulate (ACC) has been consistently reported using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in SAD in comparison with healthy controls (HCs) Studies investigating the processing of specific emotional stimuli in OCD reported mainly orbitofrontal striatal abnormalities. The goal of this study was to examine similar/common and differential neurobiological responses in OCD and SAD using unspecific emotional stimuli.  Fifty four subjects participated: two groups (each n 18) of outpatients with a current diagnosis of OCD or SAD, and 18 HCs. All subjects underwent fMRI while anticipating and perceiving unspecific visual stimuli with prior announced emotional valence (e.g. positive)  Compared to HCs, the combined patient group showed increased activation in amygdala, caudate and prefrontal/orbitofrontal cortex while anticipating unspecific emotional stimuli. Caudate was more active in the combined patient group during perception. A comparison between the OCD and the SAD samples revealed increased amygdala and decreased rostral ACC activation in OCD patients during perception, but no differences in the anticipation phase.  Overall, we could identify common fronto subcortical hyper reactivity in OCD and SAD while anticipating and perceiving unspecific emotional stimuli. While differential neurobiological responses between OCD and SAD when processing specific stimuli are evident from the literature, differences were less pronounced using unspecific stimuli. This could indicate a disturbance of emotion regulation common to both OCD and SAD.