nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring the chiral magnetic interaction between two individual atoms
Venue: Nature communications

Chiral magnets are a promising route towards dense magnetic storage technology due to their inherent nano scale dimensions and energy efficient properties. Engineering chiral magnets requires atomic level control of the magnetic exchange interactions, including the Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction, which defines a rotational sense for the magnetization of two coupled magnetic moments. Here we show that the indirect conduction electron mediated Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interaction between two individual magnetic atoms on a metallic surface can be manipulated by changing the interatomic distance with the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope. We quantify this interaction by comparing our measurements to a quantum magnetic model and ab initio calculations yielding a map of the chiral ground states of pairs of atoms depending on the interatomic separation. The map enables tailoring the chirality of the magnetization in dilute atomic scale magnets.
A Logistic Regression Based Approach for Software Test Management
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Cyber Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC)

Software test management is a hot field of software engineering both in academia and industry. However, traditional research are focused on software quality rather than test quality which could be evaluated by test management. Meanwhile, previous works on evaluating software test management were mostly based on statistical methods. In recently years, machine learning algorithms and techniques are developing rapidly. Logistic Regression is one of the important and often used algorithms. It is widely used in many domains such as credit investigation, book classification and so on. Therefore, our objective is to establish a logistic regression based approach for software test management to evaluate test quality. In this paper, we introduce our methodology to build metrics framework for test management, and enumerate the definition, type and range of each metric. We also show some results of our experiments using some data samples from a huge data sets.
A survey on prospects of automated software test case generation methods
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

Software testing is the most critical aspect of software development. For a successful software development and implementation adequate level of software testing is mandatory. Largely the efficiency of software testing depends upon the appropriate set of test cases. It means the a few test cases with maximum coverage in software testing. Manual test case generation requires lots of time and efforts and does not guarantee for completeness in test cases generated. It will increase the cost of software testing. In order to decrease the expenditure incurred in software testing, there is a need to find an automated tools with the use of computer and its software to develop or produce effective test data for maximum coverage of testing software system. In this paper we will categories various automatic test case generations and a comparative study of these.
Holocaust Exposure Induced Intergenerational Effects on FKBP5 Methylation
Venue: Biological Psychiatry

The involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in intergenerational transmission of stress effects has been demonstrated in animals but not in humans.  Cytosine methylation within the gene encoding for FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) was measured in Holocaust survivors (n 32) their adult offspring (n 22) and demographically comparable parent (n 8) and offspring (n 9) control subjects, respectively. Cytosine phosphate guanine sites for analysis were chosen based on their spatial proximity to the intron 7 glucocorticoid response elements.  Holocaust exposure had an effect on FKBP5 methylation that was observed in exposed parents as well in their offspring. These effects were observed at bin 3/site 6. Interestingly, in Holocaust survivors, methylation at this site was higher in comparison with control subjects, whereas in Holocaust offspring, methylation was lower. Methylation levels for exposed parents and their offspring were significantly correlated. In contrast to the findings at bin 3/site 6, offspring methylation at bin 2/sites 3 to 5 was associated with childhood physical and sexual abuse in interaction with an FKBP5 risk allele previously associated with vulnerability to psychological consequences of childhood adversity. The findings suggest the possibility of site specificity to environmental influences, as sites in bins 3 and 2 were differentially associated with parental trauma and the offspring's own childhood trauma, respectively. FKBP5 methylation averaged across the three bins examined was associated with wake up cortisol levels, indicating functional relevance of the methylation measures.  This is the first demonstration of an association of preconception parental trauma with epigenetic alterations that is evident in both exposed parent and offspring, providing potential insight into how severe psychophysiological trauma can have intergenerational effects.
Vocational Identity and Ego Identity Status in Korean Nursing Students.
Venue: Asian nursing research

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between vocational identity and ego identity status among Korean nursing students.  The participants were 311 nursing students in South Korea who were attending either a 4 year bachelor's program or a 3 year diploma program. Data were collected using self report questionnaires that addressed vocational identity, ego identity status, and demographic information. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one way analysis of variance, t test, and Chi square test.  In terms of ego identity status, 31.5% of nursing students were classified as being in diffusion status, followed by 28.3% in low profile moratorium status, 14.8% in moratorium status, 14.1% in foreclosure status, and 11.3% in achievement status. Vocational identity differed according to ego identity status; vocational identity among students who were in achievement status was higher than for those in all other statuses. Vocational identity also differed according to grade level and monthly family income. Ego identity status was related to the type of program enrolled in, grade level, and monthly family income.  These findings show that nursing students in identity achievement status have secure and clear vocational identities. Further longitudinal and qualitative studies are needed to find out if identity formation among nursing students changes with age.
Evaluation of a program on self esteem and ego identity for Korean nursing students.
Venue: Nursing health sciences

Nursing students with high levels of self esteem and a strong ego identity maintain a level of self integrity that enables them to participate successfully in shared group values and interests while simultaneously meeting their own needs. Self esteem and ego identity are associated with academic achievement, major (area of study) satisfaction, and life satisfaction in undergraduate students. This study evaluated a brief group program for Korean nursing students that focused on promoting positive self esteem and ego identity development. Twenty three Korean nursing school students participated. Changes in the students' ego identity and self esteem were quantitatively examined. Scores for ego identity and self esteem increased significantly for the students who participated in the group, while scores in the control group remained the same. The program is judged as an effective method for nursing educators or college mental health providers to utilize in order to promote affirmative ego identity and self esteem in nursing students. Additionally, the program contributes to helping students achieve developmental goals during their college life.
ViZDoom: A Doom based AI research platform for visual reinforcement learning
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG)

The recent advances in deep neural networks have led to effective vision based reinforcement learning methods that have been employed to obtain human level controllers in Atari 2600 games from pixel data. Atari 2600 games, however, do not resemble real world tasks since they involve non realistic 2D environments and the third person perspective. Here, we propose a novel test bed platform for reinforcement learning research from raw visual information which employs the first person perspective in a semi realistic 3D world. The software, called ViZDoom, is based on the classical first person shooter video game, Doom. It allows developing bots that play the game using the screen buffer. ViZDoom is lightweight, fast, and highly customizable via a convenient mechanism of user scenarios. In the experimental part, we test the environment by trying to learn bots for two scenarios: a basic move and shoot task and a more complex maze navigation problem. Using convolutional deep neural networks with Q learning and experience replay, for both scenarios, we were able to train competent bots, which exhibit human like behaviors. The results confirm the utility of ViZDoom as an AI research platform and imply that visual reinforcement learning in 3D realistic first person perspective environments is feasible.
Playing Doom with SLAM Augmented Deep Reinforcement Learning
Venue: ArXiv

A number of recent approaches to policy learning in 2D game domains have been successful going directly from raw input images to actions. However when employed in complex 3D environments, they typically suffer from challenges related to partial observability, combinatorial exploration spaces, path planning, and a scarcity of rewarding scenarios. Inspired from prior work in human cognition that indicates how humans employ a variety of semantic concepts and abstractions (object categories, localisation, etc. to reason about the world, we build an agent model that incorporates such abstractions into its policy learning framework. We augment the raw image input to a Deep Q Learning Network (DQN) by adding details of objects and structural elements encountered, along with the agent's localisation. The different components are automatically extracted and composed into a topological representation using on the fly object detection and 3D scene reconstruction.We evaluate the efficacy of our approach in Doom, a 3D first person combat game that exhibits a number of challenges discussed, and show that our augmented framework consistently learns better, more effective policies.
Rapid Synthesis of a Long Double Stranded Oligonucleotide from a Single Stranded Nucleotide Using Magnetic Beads and an Oligo Library
Venue: PloS one

Chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides is a widely used tool in the field of biochemistry. Several methods for gene synthesis have been introduced in the growing area of genomics. In this paper, a novel method of constructing dsDNA is proposed. Short (28 mer) oligo fragments from a library were assembled through successive annealing and ligation processes, followed by PCR. First, two oligo fragments annealed to form a dsDNA molecule. The double stranded oligo was immobilized onto magnetic beads (solid support) via streptavidin biotin binding. Next, single stranded oligo fragments were added successively through ligation to form the complete DNA molecule. The synthesized DNA was amplified through PCR and gel electrophoresis was used to characterize the product. Sanger sequencing showed that more than 97% of the nucleotides matched the expected sequence. Extending the length of the DNA molecule by adding single stranded oligonucleotides from a basis set (library) via ligation enables a more convenient and rapid mechanism for the design and synthesis of oligonucleotides on the go. Coupled with an automated dispensing system and libraries of short oligo fragments, this novel DNA synthesis method would offer an efficient and cost effective method for producing dsDNA.
Synthetic Method for Oligonucleotide Block by Using Alkyl Chain Soluble Support.
Venue: Organic letters

A straightforward method for the synthesis of oligonucleotide blocks using a Cbz type alkyl chain soluble support (Z ACSS) attached to the 3' OH group of 3' terminal nucleosides was developed. The Z ACSS allowed for the preparation of fully protected deoxyribo and ribo oligonucleotides without chromatographic purification and released dimer to tetramer size oligonucleotide blocks via hydrogenation using a Pd/C catalyst without significant loss or migration of protective groups such as 5' end 4,4' dimethoxtrityl, 2 cyanoethyl on internucleotide bonds, or 2' TBS.
What do we know about cyber risk and cyber risk insurance

This paper aims to provide an overview of the main research topics in the emerging fields of cyber risk and cyber risk insurance. The paper also illustrates future research directions, from both academic and practical points of view.  The authors conduct a literature review on cyber risk and cyber risk insurance using a standardized search and identification process that has been used in various academic articles. Based upon this selection process, a database of 209 papers is created. The main research results findings are extracted and organized in seven clusters.  The results illustrate the immense difficulties to insure cyber risk, especially due to a lack of data and modelling approaches, the risk of change and incalculable accumulation risks. The authors discuss various ways to overcome these insurability limitations, such as mandatory reporting requirements, pooling of data or public private partnerships in which the government covers parts of the risk.  Despite its increasing relevance for businesses at present, research on cyber risk is limited. Many papers can be found in the IT domain, but relatively little research has been done in the business and economics literature. The authors illustrate where research stands currently and outline directions for future research.
Youth Development Models and Indian Youth: A Critical Literature Review, Case Example and Applications to Youth in Alternative Care

Western models of youth development emphasise a holistic view of youth and identify the individual factors, social relationships, and institutional support that are necessary for a successful transition to young adulthood. Such models may be applicable to at risk populations, including youth in institutionalised care. Institutional care is a documented risk factor for adverse social and mental health outcomes; however, studies have documented common factors that promote positive development among institutionalised youth. The purpose of the current article is to assess the relevance of Western youth development models to adolescents in institutional care in India. The authors review three frameworks for positive youth development, present a critical literature review on youth in institutional care, and situate results within relevant cultural, historic and socioeconomic contexts in India. Youth development models are used to synthesise findings, and potential implications are illustrated with a case example of an exemplary institutional care setting in India. When situated within the larger socioeconomic, historical and cultural contexts, international literature and Western youth development models may serve as a potential resource for practitioners and institutions working with youth in alternative care.
Vision Based Pose Estimation of Multiple Peg in Hole for Robotic Assembly
Venue: ICVGIP Workshops

Vision sensors are used to estimate the pose (position and orientation) of mating components in a vision assisted robotic peg in hole assembly which is a crucial step in aligning the mating hole component with the corresponding moving peg component. The accuracy of this estimation decides the performance of peg in hole robotic assembly with an appropriate mapping between the image and task environment using a fixed overhead camera or camera on robot arm. The wheel and hub assembly in automobile has multiple holes and pegs in their mating parts which lead to more complex pose estimation procedure. The success rate of the assembly process (without jamming) is affected by an inaccurate pose estimation which leads to lateral and/or axial misalignment between the mating components during its insertion phase. On this consideration, this work proposes a pose estimation algorithm for a multiple peg in hole assembly with the use of genetic algorithm based two stage camera calibration procedure. The proposed algorithm has also been tested for its performance in estimating the pose of the multiple pegs in wheel hub of a car. The result reveals that the proposed method estimates the pose of the pegs accurately with minimum re projection error.
Building a Bridge Across the Conflict Theory Practice Gap: Comprehensive Conflict Engagement in Community Contexts

This article introduces the comprehensive conflict engagement model (CCEM) to bridge the theory practice gap that has been an ongoing challenge in the field of conflict resolution. It develops the conceptual framework undergirding the CCEM, sets the stage for concurrently collecting data and engaging community based conflict using this model, and provides an example of one possible application of the model through Photovoice, a participatory action research methodology new to the conflict resolution field. The CCEM can be applied in a variety of settings and through different methodologies to engage conflicts where issues of diversity are a source of ongoing tensions.
Adaptive Newton Method for Empirical Risk Minimization to Statistical Accuracy
Venue: NIPS

We consider empirical risk minimization for large scale datasets. We introduce Ada Newton as an adaptive algorithm that uses Newton's method with adaptive sample sizes. The main idea of Ada Newton is to increase the size of the training set by a factor larger than one in a way that the minimization variable for the current training set is in the local neighborhood of the optimal argument of the next training set. This allows to exploit the quadratic convergence property of Newton's method and reach the statistical accuracy of each training set with only one iteration of Newton's method. We show theoretically and empirically that Ada Newton can double the size of the training set in each iteration to achieve the statistical accuracy of the full training set with about two passes over the dataset.
The Borders of EU Competences with Regard to the International Regulation of Intellectual Property Rights: Constructing a Dam to Resist a River Bursting Its Banks

In view of the recent negotiations on the highly anticipated Free Trade Agreements to which the EU shall be party e.g. CETA and TTIP) assessing the extent to which the EU can regulate intellectual property rights in its external relations seems relevant. Two recent cases of the Court of Justice of the EU have reversed its landmark decision in Opinion 1/94, in which intellectual property regulation was almost entirely excluded from the EU's exclusive competence in trade matters. Firstly, in the Daiichi Sankyo case, the Court elaborated upon the EU's explicit external competence in the field of intellectual property. This explicit competence is provided for by Article 207 TFEU on the common commercial policy, which allows the EU to conclude agreements concerning the 'commercial aspects of intellectual property' In the Broadcasting Rights case, the Court founded its decision on the EU's implied competence to conclude international agreements, as provided for by Article 3(2) TFEU. Considering the outcome of these two judgments, the Court seems to grant the EU a wide scope of action with regard to intellectual property rights. As a consequence, questions arise with regard to the post Lisbon era role that is left for the Member States in the field of intellectual property. Therefore, the aim of this article is to outline the scope of the EU's exclusivity in IP matters and to highlight the borders.
Evaluating the Impact of Teaching Function in an Engineering Design Curriculum

Functional modeling is often covered as a critical element of the engineering design process in engineering design texts, but little empirical data clearly demonstrates that functional modeling improves engineering designs or that teaching functional modeling makes students better designers. The overall objective of this project is to determine the impact of teaching function on engineering students' design synthesis abilities. Two studies are being performed as a part of this project: (1) a longitudinal study following students through their sophomore, junior, and senior year following some being taught functional modeling, while others not, and (2) a yearly study looking at capstone project quality of students from cohorts either taught or not taught functional modeling. This paper focuses on preliminary data collected as a part of the longitudinal study using a functional modeling skills quiz to assess students' ability to understand and represent a system. In particular, a functional modeling skill assessment quiz is being investigated for its ability to discern the extent of a student's function knowledge. Two student groups are studied, one taught functional modeling along with function enumeration, and a second taught only function enumeration. The results provide promise that the skills quiz is working as desired; however, work is yet needed to develop an adequate scoring technique.
Prospective validation of an automated chemiluminescence based assay of renin and aldosterone for the work up of arterial hypertension
Venue: Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine

The availability of simple and accurate assays of plasma active renin (DRC) and aldosterone concentration (PAC) can improve the detection of secondary forms of arterial hypertension. Thus, we investigated the performance of an automated chemiluminescent assay for DRC and PAC in referred hypertensive patients.  We prospectively recruited 260 consecutive hypertensive patients referred to an ESH Center for Hypertension. After exclusion of six protocol violations, 254 patients were analyzed: 67.3% had primary hypertension, 17.3% an aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) 11.4% idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) 2.4% renovascular hypertension (RVH) 0.8% familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 (FH 1) 0.4% apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) 0.4% a renin producing tumor, and 3.9% were adrenalectomized APA patients. Bland Altman plots and Deming regression were used to analyze results. The diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve, AUC of the ROC) of the DRC based aldosterone renin ratio (ARRCL) was compared with that of the PRA based ARR (ARRRIA) using as reference the conclusive diagnosis of APA.  At Bland Altman plot, the DRC and PAC assay showed no bias as compared to the PRA and PAC assay. A tight relation was found between the DRC and the PRA values (concordance correlation coefficient=0.92, p<0.0001) and the PAC values measured with radioimmunoassay and chemiluminescence (concordance correlation coefficient=0.93, p<0.001) For APA identification the AUC of the ARRCL was higher than that of the ARRRIA [0.974 (95% CI 0.940 0.991) vs. 0.894 (95% CI 0.841 0.933) p=0.02]  This rapid automated chemiluminescent DRC/PAC assay performed better than validated PRA/PAC radioimmunoassays for the identification of APA in referred hypertensive patients.