nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of association between FokI polymorphism in vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Tunisian population
Venue: The Indian journal of medical research

The impact of several environmental and genetic factors on diabetes is well documented. Though the association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been analyzed in different ethnic groups, the results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between VDR FokI polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to T2DM in Tunisian population.  A total of 439 unrelated patients with T2DM and 302 healthy controls were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of FokI (T/C: (rs2228570) by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) analysis.  The genotype distribution and the relative allelic frequencies for the FokI polymorphism were not significantly different between T2DM and controls: in T2DM patients the frequencies of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 52.6, 41.0, and 6.1 per cent, respectively, and in controls the genotype frequencies were 55.6, 38.7, and 5.6 per cent, respectively. In our study, the TT genotype of the FokI polymorphism was not associated with T2DM (OR =1.19, 95% CI 0.63 2.25, P=0.577)  Our study showed no significant association of the FokI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tunisian population.
E Learning in Medical Sciences Education: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Educators need evidence based guidance on how to develop effective e learning in dentistry.The purpose of this literature review is to update previously published information and present a com prehensive list of articles regarding e learning.  A review of the literature was performed by using electronic and hand searching methods for e learning from May 2000 to July 2015.  The overall perceptions of online learning were positive, and although there were some frustrations, the majority of students reported learned a great deal, found the course valuable, and became familiar with the terminology; but there are concerns and challengesin relation to the value of online learning.  Although the experience of developing and using online courses was new in much dental school, the study results revealed that the program was feasible effective. It seems that combination of classroom and online education was the ideal teaching methodology
TiAl alloys in commercial aircraft engines

The present article will describe aspects of the science and technology of titanium aluminide (TiAl) alloy system and summarise the low and high temperature mechanical and environmental properties exhibited by different alloy generations. In terms of processing developments, conventional gravity casting and near net shape casting would be discussed in detail. Also newer and non conventional forging and additive manufacturing routes would be briefly highlighted. Extensive investigations of TiAl alloys have enabled their commercial implementation in aerospace and automotive industries. The GEnx(tm) engine is the first commercial aircraft engine that used TiAl (alloy 48 2 2) for their low pressure turbine blades. Among non GE engines, recently, new b stabilised TiAl alloy (TNM) is being used to manufacture LPT blades for PW1100G(tm) engines. TiAl materials and design processes can reduce engine weight and improve engine performance.
Advancement of Compositional and Microstructural Design of Intermetallic g TiAl Based Alloys Determined by Atom Probe Tomography
Venue: Materials

Advanced intermetallic alloys based on the g TiAl phase have become widely regarded as most promising candidates to replace heavier Ni base superalloys as materials for high temperature structural components, due to their facilitating properties of high creep and oxidation resistance in combination with a low density. Particularly, recently developed alloying concepts based on a b solidification pathway, such as the so called TNM alloy, which are already incorporated in aircraft engines, have emerged offering the advantage of being processible using near conventional methods and the option to attain balanced mechanical properties via subsequent heat treatment. Development trends for the improvement of alloying concepts, especially dealing with issues regarding alloying element distribution, nano scale phase characterization, phase stability, and phase formation mechanisms demand the utilization of high resolution techniques, mainly due to the multi phase nature of advanced TiAl alloys. Atom probe tomography (APT) offers unique possibilities of characterizing chemical compositions with a high spatial resolution and has, therefore, been widely used in recent years with the aim of understanding the materials constitution and appearing basic phenomena on the atomic scale and applying these findings to alloy development. This review, thus, aims at summarizing scientific works regarding the application of atom probe tomography towards the understanding and further development of intermetallic TiAl alloys.
Resveratrol ameliorates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting ROS/ERK/TGF b/periostin pathway in STZ induced diabetic mice
Venue: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

BackgroundMyocardial fibrosis is an essential hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) contributing to cardiac dysfunctions. Resveratrol, an antioxidant, exerts its anti fibrotic effect via inhibition of oxidative stress, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. Periostin, a fibrogenesis matricellular protein, has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated the role of periostin in anti fibrotic effect of resveratrol in streptozocin (STZ) induced diabetic heart and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsDiabetic mice were induced by STZ injection. After treatment with resveratrol (5 or 25 mg/kg/day i.g) or Saline containing 0.5 carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 2 months, the hearts were detected for oxidative stress and cardiac fibrosis using western blot, Masson's trichrome staining and Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. In in vitro experiments, proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts under different conditions were investigated through western blot, 3 (4,5) dimethylthiahiazo z y1) 3,5 di phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsAdministration of resveratrol significantly mitigated oxidative level, interstitial fibrosis and expressions of related proteins in STZ induced diabetic hearts. In in vitro experiments, resveratrol exhibited anti proliferative effect on primary mouse cardiac fibroblasts via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and ameliorated myofibroblast differentiation via suppressing ROS/ERK/ transforming growth factor b (TGF b)/periostin pathway.ConclusionIncreased ROS production, activation of ERK/TGF b/periostin pathway and myocardial fibrosis are important events in DCM. Alleviated ROS genesis by resveratrol prevents myocardial fibrosis by regulating periostin related signaling pathway. Thus, inhibition of ROS/periostin may represent a novel approach for resveratrol to reverse fibrosis in DCM.
Diffusion weighted imaging outside the brain: Consensus statement from an ISMRM sponsored workshop
Venue: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging JMRI

The significant advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hardware and software, sequence design, and postprocessing methods have made diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) an important part of body MRI protocols and have fueled extensive research on quantitative diffusion outside the brain, particularly in the oncologic setting. In this review, we summarize the most up to date information on DWI acquisition and clinical applications outside the brain, as discussed in an ISMRM sponsored symposium held in April 2015. We first introduce recent advances in acquisition, processing, and quality control; then review scientific evidence in major organ systems; and finally describe future directions.  Imaging 2016;44:521 540.
Diffusion weighted imaging: Technique and applications
Venue: World journal of radiology

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a method of signal contrast generation based on the differences in Brownian motion. DWI is a method to evaluate the molecular function and micro architecture of the human body. DWI signal contrast can be quantified by apparent diffusion coefficient maps and it acts as a tool for treatment response evaluation and assessment of disease progression. Ability to detect and quantify the anisotropy of diffusion leads to a new paradigm called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) DTI is a tool for assessment of the organs with highly organised fibre structure. DWI forms an integral part of modern state of art magnetic resonance imaging and is indispensable in neuroimaging and oncology. DWI is a field that has been undergoing rapid technical evolution and its applications are increasing every day. This review article provides insights in to the evolution of DWI as a new imaging paradigm and provides a summary of current role of DWI in various disease processes.
Diffusion Weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging detect delayed graft function and correlate with allograft fibrosis in patients early after kidney transplantation
Venue: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging JMRI

To combine diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for detection of allograft dysfunction in patients early after kidney transplantation and to correlate diffusion parameters with renal function and renal histology of allograft biopsies.
Lottery Pricing Equilibria
Venue: EC

We extend the notion of Combinatorial Walrasian Equilibrium, as defined by \citet{FGL13} to settings with budgets. When agents have budgets, the maximum social welfare as traditionally defined is not a suitable benchmark since it is overly optimistic. This motivated the liquid welfare of \cite{DP14} as an alternative. Observing that no combinatorial Walrasian equilibrium guarantees a non zero fraction of the maximum liquid welfare in the absence of randomization, we instead work with randomized allocations and extend the notions of liquid welfare and Combinatorial Walrasian Equilibrium accordingly. Our generalization of the Combinatorial Walrasian Equilibrium prices lotteries over bundles of items rather than bundles, and we term it a lottery pricing equilibrium. Our results are two fold. First, we exhibit an efficient algorithm which turns a randomized allocation with liquid expected welfare W into a lottery pricing equilibrium with liquid expected welfare 3 \sqrt{5}{2}\cdot W approx 0.3819\cdot W. Next, given access to a demand oracle and an alpha approximate oblivious rounding algorithm for the configuration linear program for the welfare maximization problem, we show how to efficiently compute a randomized allocation which is (a) supported on polynomially many deterministic allocations and (b) obtains [nearly] an alpha fraction of the optimal liquid expected welfare. In the case of subadditive valuations, combining both results yields an efficient algorithm which computes a lottery pricing equilibrium obtaining a constant fraction of the optimal liquid expected welfare.
Principles for Developing Benchmark Criteria for Staff Training in Responsible Gambling
Venue: Journal of Gambling Studies

One approach to minimizing the negative consequences of excessive gambling is staff training to reduce the rate of the development of new cases of harm or disorder within their customers. The primary goal of the present study was to assess suitable benchmark criteria for the training of gambling employees at casinos and lottery retailers. The study utilised the Delphi Method, a survey with one qualitative and two quantitative phases. A total of 21 invited international experts in the responsible gambling field participated in all three phases. A total of 75 performance indicators were outlined and assigned to six categories: (1) criteria of content, (2) modelling, (3) qualification of trainer, (4) framework conditions, (5) sustainability and (6) statistical indicators. Nine of the 75 indicators were rated as very important by 90 or more of the experts. Unanimous support for importance was given to indicators such as (1) comprehensibility and (2) concrete action guidance for handling with problem gamblers, Additionally, the study examined the implementation of benchmarking, when it should be conducted, and who should be responsible. Results indicated that benchmarking should be conducted every 1 2 years regularly and that one institution should be clearly defined and primarily responsible for benchmarking. The results of the present study provide the basis for developing a benchmarking for staff training in responsible gambling.
Natural frequency degradation and permanent accumulated rotation for offshore wind turbine monopiles in clay

Offshore wind turbine (OWT) monopile foundations are subjected to cyclic loading from wind, waves, and operational loads from rotating blades. Lateral monopile capacity can be significantly affected by cyclic loading, causing failure at cyclic load amplitudes lower than the failure load under monotonic loading. For monopiles in clay, undrained clay behavior under short term cyclic soil pile loading (e.g. extreme storm conditions) typically includes plastic soil deformation resulting from reductions in soil modulus and undrained shear strength which occur as a function of pore pressure build up. These impacts affect the assessment of the ultimate and serviceability limit states of OWTs via natural frequency degradation and accumulated permanent rotation at the mudline, respectively. This paper introduced novel combinations of existing p y curve design methods and compared the impact of short term cyclic loading on monopiles in soft, medium, and stiff clay. The results of this paper indicate that short term cyclic loading from extreme storm conditions are unlikely to significantly affect natural frequency and permanent accumulated rotation for OWT monopiles in stiff clays, but monopiles in soft clay may experience significant degradation. Further consideration is required for medium clays, as load magnitude played a strong role in both natural frequency and permanent rotation estimation.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and mechanical properties of silica glass using ReaxFF
Venue: Journal of Materials Science

Assessment of the empirical reactive force field ReaxFF to predict the formation of amorphous silica from its crystalline structure and the determination of mechanical properties under tension using molecular dynamics simulations is presented. Detailed procedures for preparing amorphous silica from crystalline silica are presented and the atomic structure is in good agreement with experimental results. Tensile properties of silica are predicted over a wide range of strain rates (2.3 x 108 s 1 1.0 x 1015 s 1) allowing comparison with results reported in the literature for other force fields. Quasi static modulus obtained from power law fitting of the low stain rate modulus predicted by ReaxFF is in good agreement with experimental results. A transition strain rate of approximately 2.5 \times 10^{11} \text{s} 1} $2.5x1011s 1 is identified where modulus increases rapidly to a plateau level. Tensile strength also increases significantly in this range of strain rate and plateaus at the theoretical upper bound for silica. A detailed study is presented to understand the mechanisms associated with strain rate effects on the overall stress strain response of silica. Bond breakage which evolves into void growth leading to failure is predicted to occur at approximately 27 strain for all strain rates. Stress relaxation simulations indicates that the transition strain rate occurs when the characteristic time for high strain rate loading and stress relaxation times are the same order. The effects of cooling rate and temperature on the structure and the stress strain response of the silica glass are also investigated. Low cooling rate and low cooling temperature enhance the properties of silica.
Mapping requirements for the wearable smart glasses augmented reality museum application

Recent advancements in wearable computing offer opportunities for art galleries to provide a unique experience. However, to ensure successful implementation of this new technology in the visitor industry, it is essential to understand user requirements from a visitor's point of view. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate visitors' requirements for the development of a wearable smart glasses augmented reality (AR) application in the museum and art gallery context.  Interviews with 28 art gallery visitors were conducted and an affinity diagram technique was used to analyze the interviews.  The findings reveal that wearable AR is in its infancy and that technical and design issues have to be overcome for a full adoption. It reveals that content requirement, functional requirement, comfort, experience and resistance are important when developing and implementing the wearable AR application in the museum and art gallery contexts.  Mapping user requirements in the wearable smart glasses AR context using an affinity diagram is a new approach and therefore contributes to the creation of knowledge in the tourism domain. Practically, the area of wearable technologies and AR within the tourism and visitor industry context is still relatively unexplored, and the present paper provides a first foundation for the implementation of wearable smart glasses AR applications in the museum and art gallery context.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Augmented Reality Museum Bali Berbasis Android Studi Kasus Gedung Karangasem dan Gedung Tabanan

Museum Bali merupakan salah satu museum yang terletak di Kota Denpasar yang berdiri sejak tahun 1910. Koleksi museum terdiri dari benda benda seperti peralatan dan perlengkapan hidup, kesenian, keagamaan, bahasa tulisan dan lain lain yang mencerminkan kehidupan dan perkembangan kebudayaan Bali. Augmented Reality adalah teknologi yang menggabungkan benda maya dua dimensi atau tiga dimensi ke dalam sebuah lingkungan nyata tiga dimensi lalu memproyeksikan objek objek virtual tersebut ke dalam waktu nyata. Museum Bali mengalami penurunan pengunjung beberapa tahun terakhir dan memerlukan sebuah inovasi untuk mempromosikan Museum Bali. Salah satu inovasi yang diharapkan membantu mempromosikan Museum Bali adalah dengan membuat aplikasi Augmented Reality Museum Bali pada platform Android. Memanfaatkan teknologi augmented reality yang bekerja dengan mendeteksi marker kemudian memunculkan objek 3D dan informasi dari salah satu benda di Museum Bali. Metode markerless digunakan dalam pendeteksian marker, membuat aplikasi Augmented Reality Museum Bali lebih menarik dan diharapkan menjadi pengalaman baru bagi masyarakat yang ingin lebih tahu tentang Museum Bali.
What If We Do Not have Multiple Videos of the Same Action? Video Action Localization Using Web Images
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

This paper tackles the problem of spatio temporal action localization in a video, without assuming the availability of multiple videos or any prior annotations. Action is localized by employing images downloaded from internet using action name. Given web images, we first dampen image noise using random walk and evade distracting backgrounds within images using image action proposals. Then, given a video, we generate multiple spatio temporal action proposals. We suppress camera and background generated proposals by exploiting optical flow gradients within proposals. To obtain the most action representative proposals, we propose to reconstruct action proposals in the video by leveraging the action proposals in images. Moreover, we preserve the temporal smoothness of the video and reconstruct all proposal bounding boxes jointly using the constraints that push the coefficients for each bounding box toward a common consensus, thus enforcing the coefficient similarity across multiple frames. We solve this optimization problem using variant of two metric projection algorithm. Finally, the video proposal that has the lowest reconstruction cost and is motion salient is used to localize the action. Our method is not only applicable to the trimmed videos, but it can also be used for action localization in untrimmed videos, which is a very challenging problem. We present extensive experiments on trimmed as well as untrimmed datasets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Shared Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Venue: Circulation

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the 2 leading causes of death worldwide. Although commonly thought of as 2 separate disease entities, CVD and cancer possess various similarities and possible interactions, including a number of similar risk factors (eg, obesity, diabetes mellitus) suggesting a shared biology for which there is emerging evidence. Although chronic inflammation is an indispensable feature of the pathogenesis and progression of both CVD and cancer, additional mechanisms can be found at their intersection. Therapeutic advances, despite improving longevity, have increased the overlap between these diseases, with millions of cancer survivors now at risk of developing CVD. Cardiac risk factors have a major impact on subsequent treatment related cardiotoxicity. In this review, we explore the risk factors common to both CVD and cancer, highlighting the major epidemiological studies and potential biological mechanisms that account for them.
A New Species of Zambedania (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Pygmephoridae) from the Two Rivers Platinum Mine in South Africa and Notes on the Life cycle of the Genus.
Venue: Zoological studies

Anne M. Camerik, Wojciech L. Magowski, Peter G. Hawkes, Edward A. Ueckermann, Ronald Ochoa, and Gary R. Bauchan (2016) A new species of relatively poorly known genus Zambedania Mahunka, 1972 was found on the baboon spider, Harpactirella overdijki Gallon, 2010 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) in South Africa. Besides the abundantly available phoretic females, several males and one larva of this species in the spiders' nests were also collected. Zambedania sekhukhunensis n. sp. is described and illustrated based on the phoretic females, males and larva. Improved diagnosis of the genus and a new key to species are also supplied. The descriptions and illustrations of the male and larva of this species represent the first ones of these stages in the genus Zambedania. Due to their discovery the generic diagnosis has been significantly improved.