nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Equivalence between modularity optimization and maximum likelihood methods for community detection.
Venue: Physical review. E

We demonstrate an equivalence between two widely used methods of community detection in networks, the method of modularity maximization and the method of maximum likelihood applied to the degree corrected stochastic block model. Specifically, we show an exact equivalence between maximization of the generalized modularity that includes a resolution parameter and the special case of the block model known as the planted partition model, in which all communities in a network are assumed to have statistically similar properties. Among other things, this equivalence provides a mathematically principled derivation of the modularity function, clarifies the conditions and assumptions of its use, and gives an explicit formula for the optimal value of the resolution parameter.
Community detection in networks: Modularity optimization and maximum likelihood are equivalent
Venue: ArXiv

We demonstrate an exact equivalence between two widely used methods of community detection in networks, the method of modularity maximization in its generalized form which incorporates a resolution parameter controlling the size of the communities discovered, and the method of maximum likelihood applied to the special case of the stochastic block model known as the planted partition model, in which all communities in a network are assumed to have statistically similar properties. Among other things, this equivalence provides a mathematically principled derivation of the modularity function, clarifies the conditions and assumptions of its use, and gives an explicit formula for the optimal value of the resolution parameter.
Individual Differences Associated with Emotional and Behavioral Responses to Ambiguous Social Situations in which Rejection Might be Inferred
Venue: The Journal of general psychology

This study sought to examine the extent to which undergraduates' experiences with and attitudes relevant to rejection may be associated with their emotional and behavioral responses to ambiguous social situations in which rejection might be inferred. Undergraduate students completed questionnaires that assessed their experiences with and attitudes relevant to being rejected. Next, each participant read six hypothetical scenarios that described various situations that could be interpreted as interpersonal rejection. Following each scenario, participants completed questionnaires that assessed their emotional and behavioral responses to the hypothetical situation. Analyses revealed that the participants' experiences with rejection (and, to a lesser extent, their rejection relevant attitudes) were associated with a negative emotional response and some negative behavioral responses. In sum, when another individual's interpersonal behavior has an uncertain intent, undergraduates' prior experiences with rejection may be especially important in determining the extent to which they feel and act as if they have been rejected.
Design and Fabrication of a Pedal Operated Power Generator

Energy conservation is a topical issue and this design proffered an efficient method of doing so. The design was originally conceived to meet the energy needs of those living in rural areas, due to poor access to electricity and also as a model for gym centers and cycle workout studios. Most persons living in these rural areas possess at least a cell phone but lack the means to charge them. This study focused on the design and fabrication of a pedal operated power generator, for the intents of burning fats while yet generating electricity. The power generator was designed to be simple, cheap, durable and easily maintained. It was fabricated using locally sourced materials and is intended to encourage local ingenuity and empower aspiring entrepreneurs especially in developing countries. Its purpose is to efficiently transfer human foot motion less than 60 rpm via a treadle and sprocket chain step up to drive a 24V DC permanent magnet generator. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) which is needed to charge low voltage devices like mobile phones, laptops etc. Upon completion, it was found to produce a voltage of 15V and 2.5A at a speed of 483rpm generator speed. The overall efficiency of the system was about 66.6% Keywords Energy, pedal, generator, inverter, diode
ANGELA CARTER'S THE BLOODY CHAMBER: A FEMINIST STYLISTIC APPROACH

Stylistics, the study of a writer's style, has incorporated various approaches, especially in the last few decades. Therefore, feminist stylistics based on the theories of feminist criticism appears as a significant approach defining "woman" and her place not only in society, but also in language. By examining male domination in society and literary works, feminist stylistics tries to present a counter image of women both in language and social construction. The tendency of current feminist stylistics mostly focuses on the idea that there is a significant "women's writing and style" that differs from men's. These linguistic and thematic differences that are called "genderlect" or "gendered sentence" in women's writing are the main interest of feminist stylistics. This study will depict the "genderlect" and "gendered" style in Angela Carter's The Bloody Chamber Carter's The Bloody Chamber a collection of re written traditional fairy tales, "extracts the latent content from the traditional stories" in Carter's words. Ten stories in the collection handle the topics of marriage, sexuality, gender roles, and female liberty with a subverting point of view. In this article, three stories narrated by female first person narrators in this collection will be analyzed in terms of lexico semantic items in the narration, and Carter's style as an example of ecriture feminine will be examined with regard to feminist stylistics.
Clinicopathological Features of Cases with Primary Breast Cancer not Identified by 18F FDG PET.
Venue: Anticancer research

Several studies have reported that high F18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake is predictive of poor prognosis and aggressive features in patients with breast cancer. While these studies evaluated the prognostic value for cases with high FDG uptake, they did not elucidate the meaning of FDG negativity in primary breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological features of breast cancer cases without FDG uptake. We retrospectively investigated the cases of 219 consecutive patients with primary breast cancer who underwent FDG positron emission tomography (PET) preoperatively. Among the 219 patients, 25 (11.4% did not have FDG uptake in the tumor. The 219 cases with breast cancer were divided into two groups based on the presence of FDG uptake in the primary tumor. The present univariate analysis revealed that histology, small invasive tumor size, high estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PgR) expression, low nuclear grade and absence of lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with negative FDG uptake in the primary tumor. On the other hand, the size of ductal spread was not significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that small size tumor invasion and lower nuclear grade were statistically significant. Among the 25 cases without FDG uptake, there was no recurrent disease in spite of there being no case that underwent chemotherapy, while 4 cases among the 194 cases with FDG uptake had disease recurrence. Our findings imply that preoperative FDG negativity in primary breast cancer is effective in predicting better prognosis, but is less effective in predicting ductal spread. Cases without FDG uptake in the primary tumor may have a lower risk of recurrent disease and may be able to safely avoid adjuvant chemotherapy.
Synchronous tandem language learning in a MOOC context a study on task design and learner performance

In the context of a Language Massive Open Online Course (LMOOC) teacher interventions have to be designed into the course, since personalized teacher feedback actions are impossible due to the large number of participants. Learner autonomy, peer feedback and task design are crucial in this course design. This paper presents a study on the task design effect on participants of a tandem MOOC (English Spanish) The tandem MOOC takes advantage of the massive aspect of a MOOC to provide learners with ample opportunity for language use with native speakers of their target language, and access to peer feedback. The tasks provide content and an objective for the conversations, turning them into episodes of meaningful language interaction. The study is conducted through observations of eight video recorded conversations by two learners of English carrying out four different tasks, eight tasks in total, with five different learners of Spanish, as it will be explained in more detail in the methodology section. The results show that task types had an effect on students' performance, but variables such as proficiency also played a role in learner interaction.
A Survey on Chinese Students' Online English Language Learning Experience through Synchronous Web Conferencing Classrooms.

The online education industry has had a rapid economic development in China since 2013, but this area received little attention in research. This study investigates Chinese undergraduate students' online English learning experiences and online teacher learner interaction in synchronous web conferencing classes. This article reports the findings from a pilot questionnaire survey in December 2015. It is found that synchronous online English classes are often oversized (more than 50 students) However, students report a high level of online teacher learner interaction. Further investigation is necessary to reveal what actual online learning and teaching activities are going on in synchronous web conferencing English classrooms in China.
Prevalence and factors associated with healthcare service use among Chinese elderly with disabilities.
Venue: Journal of public health

Demand for healthcare services among older population is expected to rise, especially among those living with disabilities. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate and identify the factors associated with healthcare service use among Chinese elderly with disabilities.  This study employed a nationally representative survey and defined healthcare service utilization as use of curative care, auxiliary aids or rehabilitation services for elderly with disabilities (aged =60 years) in China. Population weighted numbers, proportions and prevalence rates were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI)  A weighted total of 45 005 026 Chinese elderly with disabilities were reported. The weighted prevalence rate of healthcare service use was 36.6% (95% CI: 35.6 37.5) Significantly less use of healthcare services was observed among those who were older, males, less educated, singles, rural dwellers, non eastern residents, with lower annual family income, without medical insurance coverage, without a disability certificate, with a single disability and with less severe disabilities.  Low use of healthcare services indicates an unmet need among Chinese elderly with disabilities especially for the old old. More effort should be warranted to enhance healthcare service use among the elderly with disabilities.
Spacetime and Physical Equivalence

In this paper I begin to lay out a conceptual scheme for: (i) analysing dualities as cases of theoretical equivalence; (ii) assessing when cases of theoretical equivalence are also cases of physical equivalence. The scheme is applied to gauge/gravity dualities. I expound what I argue to be the contribution of gauge/gravity dualities to questions about: (iii) the nature of spacetime in quantum gravity; (iv) broader philosophical and phyiscal discussions of gauge/gravity dualities. (i) (ii) proceed by analysing duality through four contrasts. A duality will be a suitable isomorphism between models: and the four relevant contrasts are as follows: (a) Bare theory: a triple of states, quantities, and dynamics endowed with appropriate structures and symmetries; vs. interpreted theory: which is endowed with, in addition, a suitable pair of interpretative surjections from the triples to a domain in the world. (b) Extendable vs. unextendable theories: which can, respectively cannot, be extended as regards their domains of applicability. (c) External vs. internal intepretations: which are constructed by coupling the theory to another interpreted theory, respectively from within the theory itself. (d) Theoretical vs. physical equivalence: which distinguish formal equivalence from the equivalence of fully interpreted theories. I also discuss three meshing conditions: between symmetries and duality, between symmetries and interpretation, and between duality and interpretation. The meshing conditions lead to a characterisation of symmetries as redundant or as physical, and to a characterisation of physical equivalence as a commutativity condition between two maps. I will apply the above scheme to answering questions (iii) (iv) for gauge/gravity dualities. I will argue that the things that are physically relevant are those that stand in a bijective correspondence under gauge/gravity duality: the common core of the two models. I therefore conclude that most of the mathematical and physical structures that we are familiar with in these models (the dimension of spacetime, tensor fields, Lie groups, and the classical quantum distinction) are largely, though crucially never entirely, not part of that common core. Thus, the interpretation of dualities for theories of quantum gravity compels us to rethink the roles that spacetime, and many other tools in theoretical physics, play in theories of spacetime.
Evaluation of soft sediment deformation structures along the Fethiye Burdur Fault Zone, SW Turkey
Venue: Journal of Earth System Science

Burdur city is located on lacustrine sedimentary deposits at the northeastern end of the Fethiye Burdur Fault Zone (FBFZ) in SW Turkey. Fault steps were formed in response to vertical displacement along normal fault zones in these deposits. Soft sediment deformation structures were identified at five sites in lacustrine sediments located on both sides of the FBFZ. The deformed sediments are composed of unconsolidated alternations of sands, silts and clay layers and show different morphological types. The soft sediment deformation structures include load structures, flame structures, slumps, dykes, neptunian dykes, drops and pseudonodules, intercalated layers, ball and pillow structures, minor faults and water escape structures of varying geometry and dimension. These structures are a direct response to fluid escape during liquefaction and fluidization mechanism. The driving forces inferred include gravitational instabilities and hydraulic processes. Geological, tectonic, mineralogical investigations and age analysis were carried out to identify the cause for these soft sediment deformations. OSL dating indicated an age ranging from 15161+ 744 to 17434+ 896 years for the soft sediment deformation structures. Geological investigations of the soft sediment deformation structures and tectonic history of the basin indicate that the main factor for deformation is past seismic activity.
DeepSpark: Spark Based Deep Learning Supporting Asynchronous Updates and Caffe Compatibility
Venue: ArXiv

The increasing complexity of deep neural networks (DNNs) has made it challenging to exploit existing large scale data process pipelines for handling massive data and parameters involved in DNN training. Distributed computing platforms and GPGPU based acceleration provide a mainstream solution to this computational challenge. In this paper, we propose DeepSpark, a distributed and parallel deep learning framework that simultaneously exploits Apache Spark for large scale distributed data management and Caffe for GPU based acceleration. DeepSpark directly accepts Caffe input specifications, providing seamless compatibility with existing designs and network structures. To support parallel operations, DeepSpark automatically distributes workloads and parameters to Caffe running nodes using Spark and iteratively aggregates training results by a novel lock free asynchronous variant of the popular elastic averaging stochastic gradient descent (SGD) update scheme, effectively complementing the synchronized processing capabilities of Spark. DeepSpark is an on going project, and the current release is available at this http URL
Distributed stochastic optimization for deep learning (thesis)
Venue: ArXiv

We study the problem of how to distribute the training of large scale deep learning models in the parallel computing environment. We propose a new distributed stochastic optimization method called Elastic Averaging SGD (EASGD) We analyze the convergence rate of the EASGD method in the synchronous scenario and compare its stability condition with the existing ADMM method in the round robin scheme. An asynchronous and momentum variant of the EASGD method is applied to train deep convolutional neural networks for image classification on the CIFAR and ImageNet datasets. Our approach accelerates the training and furthermore achieves better test accuracy. It also requires a much smaller amount of communication than other common baseline approaches such as the DOWNPOUR method. We then investigate the limit in speedup of the initial and the asymptotic phase of the mini batch SGD, the momentum SGD, and the EASGD methods. We find that the spread of the input data distribution has a big impact on their initial convergence rate and stability region. We also find a surprising connection between the momentum SGD and the EASGD method with a negative moving average rate. A non convex case is also studied to understand when EASGD can get trapped by a saddle point. Finally, we scale up the EASGD method by using a tree structured network topology. We show empirically its advantage and challenge. We also establish a connection between the EASGD and the DOWNPOUR method with the classical Jacobi and the Gauss Seidel method, thus unifying a class of distributed stochastic optimization methods.
Translation Theory 'Translated' Three Perspectives on Translation in Organizational Research

Translation theory has proved to be a versatile analytical lens used by scholars working from different traditions. On the basis of a systematic literature review, this study adds to understanding of the 'translations' of translation theory by identifying the distinguishing features of the most common theoretical approaches to translation within the organization and management discipline: actor network theory, knowledge based theory and Scandinavian institutionalism. Although each of these approaches already has borne much fruit in research, the literature is diverse and somewhat fragmented, but also overlapping. The authors discuss the ways in which the three versions of translation theory may be combined and enrich each other so as to inform future research, thereby offering a more complete understanding of translation in and across organizational settings.
'Pedagogy as Translation' Extending the Horizons of Translation Theory

This paper extends the horizons of scholarly work within the bounds of translation theory by moving away from the tradition of presenting descriptive and historical accounts of translation. It departs from this tradition by offering a guide for intentional or rationally calculated translation applied to cross cultural management learning. It synthesizes key issues from translation theory with management learning literature, which calls for more critically oriented and more cross culturally sensitive pedagogy. It then outlines a five stage pedagogic translation process, termed 'Pedagogy as Translation' (PaT) which is designed to create the necessary space for students to develop and extend their translation capacity. The paper also opens up scope for further exploration into the conditions and scope of intentional and rationally calculated translation as a pedagogic innovation within management learning, and more generally with respect to knowledge transfer.
Translation of semiotics into translation theory, and vice versa

Reflection on sign processes and translation processes contributes to a better understanding of the problems involved in both and orients relative research methodologies. The dynamics involved is the same and concerns the dialogical relation between one sign and another where the latter as an interpretant confers meaning and sense on the preceding, the interpreted. Though different disciplines, sign theory and translation theory study the same process, albeit from different perspectives. Semiotics and translation act as interpretants of each other illuminating different aspects of the signs forming these processes, their specificities and interrelatedness. According to Thomas Sebeok and his 'global semiotics' all signs, verbal and nonverbal, are part of an overarching sign network. Considering that interpretation is translation, that the relation between interpreted sign and interpretant sign is a translation relation, that interpretants defer to each other in open ended semiosic chains, global semiotics evidences the translational nature of semiosis, therefore the translational vocation of semiotics. Sebeok belongs to a tradition in sign studies that extends from Locke to Peirce and includes authors like Welby, Jakobson, Bakhtin, Morris. All deal with translation, whether directly through their sign theory (Welby, Jakobson) or indirectly with their reflections on dialogue and the relation between reporting and reported discourse (Bakhtin) or whilst searching for signs to talk about signs (Morris) Global semiotics opposes anthropocentric and glottocentric approaches to the life of signs: the entire biosphere is perfused with signs. As a general sign science semiotics has a propensity for dialogic encounter and translation. As an interpretive/translational phenomenon and thanks to its specificity as artistic discourse evolving in the 'great time' (Bakhtin) literary discourse best evidences the dynamics of semiosis and together the properly human, therefore the questions of dialogic otherness, responsive understanding, responsibility/responsivity, translatability/intranslatability, iconicity, visibility/ invisibility, similarity/dissimilaritry, the paradox of translation.
Understanding the impact of personality traits on mobile app adoption Insights from a large scale field study
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

The sheer amount of available apps allows users to customize smartphones to match their personality and interests. As one of the first large scale studies, the impact of personality traits on mobile app adoption was examined through an empirical study involving 2043 Android users. A mobile app was developed to assess each smartphone user's personality traits based on a state of the art Big Five questionnaire and to collect information about her installed apps. The contributions of this work are two fold. First, it confirms that personality traits have significant impact on the adoption of different types of mobile apps. Second, a machine learning model is developed to automatically determine a user's personality based on her installed apps. The predictive model is implemented in a prototype app and shows a 65% higher precision than a random guess. Additionally, the model can be deployed in a non intrusive, low privacy concern, and highly scalable manner as part of any mobile app. Personality has a significant impact on mobile app adoption.A novel approach is proposed to study mobile app adoption on a large scale.A machine learning model is developed to predict a smartphone user's personality.The predictive model can be integrated into any mobile app.