nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertex centric computation of service function chains in multi domain networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE NetSoft Conference and Workshops (NetSoft)

Computation of service function chains in multi domain networks is critical for enabling the wide deployment of network function visualization for providing end to end network services. In this paper, we present a vertex centric distributed orchestration framework for multi domain networks, in which physical infrastructure information is maintained locally within each domain without infrastructure information sharing between domains, so that the management and control of multi domain networks can be significantly simplified. We also propose a distributed computing algorithm for mapping a service function chain request in multi domain networks. Our objective is to find all feasible mappings, from which we can further prune to obtain the optimal solution satisfying different constraints and policies. We implement the proposed algorithm in an open source vertex centric distributed computing system and simulate two practical network topologies to evaluate the performance, including signaling delay, message overhead, and computation time. Simulation results demonstrate superior efficiency and scalability of the proposed algorithm.
Luminescent Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals Containing Copper: Synthesis, Photophysics, and Applications.
Venue: Chemical reviews

Copper doped semiconductors are classic phosphor materials that have been used in a variety of applications for many decades. Colloidal copper doped semiconductor nanocrystals have recently attracted a great deal of interest because they combine the solution processability and spectral tunability of colloidal nanocrystals with the unique photoluminescence properties of copper doped semiconductor phosphors. Although ternary and quaternary semiconductors containing copper, such as CuInS2 and Cu2ZnSnS4, have been studied primarily in the context of their photovoltaic applications, when synthesized as colloidal nanocrystals, these materials have photoluminescence properties that are remarkably similar to those of copper doped semiconductor nanocrystals. This review focuses on the luminescent properties of colloidal copper doped, copper based, and related copper containing semiconductor nanocrystals. Fundamental investigations into the luminescence of copper containing colloidal nanocrystals are reviewed in the context of the well established luminescence mechanisms of bulk copper doped semiconductors and copper(I) molecular coordination complexes. The use of colloidal copper containing nanocrystals in applications that take advantage of their luminescent properties, such as bioimaging, solid state lighting, and luminescent solar concentrators, is also discussed.
Bent out of shape: The visual inference of non rigid shape transformations applied to objects
Venue: Vision Research

In everyday life, we can often identify when an object has been subjected to some kind of transformation that alters its shape. For example, we can usually tell whether a can has been crushed, or a cookie has been bitten. Conversely, our ability to recognize objects is often robust across such shape transformations: we can still identify the can even though it has been dented. This ability to determine and discount the causal history of objects suggests the visual system may partially decompose the observed shape of an object into original (untransformed) elements plus the transformations that were applied to it. We sought to shed light on this possibility, using 'bending' as an example transformation. In one experiment subjects matched the degree of bending applied to random 3D shapes. We find that subjects could match the degree of bend, although there was a tendency to overestimate bends, especially for the least bent objects. In two other experiments, observers had to identify individual objects across different degrees of bending. Subjects performed significantly above chance although not as well as when the objects differed by rigid rotations without any bends (cf. traditional mental rotation experiments) Together our findings suggest that subjects can to some extent extract information about transformations applied to shapes, while ignoring other differences. At the same time subjects show a certain degree of invariance across shape transformations. This suggests scission of a shape's representation into its causes a base shape and transformations applied to it.
4D Match Trees for Non rigid Surface Alignment
Venue: ECCV

This paper presents a method for dense 4D temporal alignment of partial reconstructions of non rigid surfaces observed from single or multiple moving cameras of complex scenes. 4D Match Trees are introduced for robust global alignment of non rigid shape based on the similarity between images across sequences and views. Wide timeframe sparse correspondence between arbitrary pairs of images is established using a segmentation based feature detector (SFD) which is demonstrated to give improved matching of non rigid shape. Sparse SFD correspondence allows the similarity between any pair of image frames to be estimated for moving cameras and multiple views. This enables the 4D Match Tree to be constructed which minimises the observed change in non rigid shape for global alignment across all images. Dense 4D temporal correspondence across all frames is then estimated by traversing the 4D Match tree using optical flow initialised from the sparse feature matches. The approach is evaluated on single and multiple view images sequences for alignment of partial surface reconstructions of dynamic objects in complex indoor and outdoor scenes to obtain a temporally consistent 4D representation. Comparison to previous 2D and 3D scene flow demonstrates that 4D Match Trees achieve reduced errors due to drift and improved robustness to large non rigid deformations.
Underwater non rigid 3D shape reconstruction via structure from motion for fish ethology research
Venue: OCEANS 2016 MTS/IEEE Monterey

In this paper, we try to develop a general framework of 3D shape reconstruction strategy with extremely rare point cloud extracted for fish ethology research. Particle filter is first taken to focus on fish trajectory tracking from monocular video sequence. The Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) technique will be adopted to match the same tracking fish across the overlapping view fields with more stable and accurate features. Non rigid 3D shape reconstruction will be finally developed with the help of expectation maximization (EM) model and linear dynamical system (LDS) It is shown from our simulation experiment that the developed scheme of this paper achieves consistent performance improvements over non rigid 3D shape reconstruction for fish ethology research.
The impact of sperm morphology on the outcome of intrauterine insemination cycles with gonadotropins in unexplained and male subfertility.
Venue: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

To determine the impact of sperm morphology on success of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in unexplained and male subfertility.  Basal and post wash normal percentage of sperm with normal morphology was assessed prospectively in 412 couples with 530 IUI cycles who underwent ovarian hyperstimulation with gonadotropins. The primary outcome was live birth per cycle. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the effectiveness of sperm morphology to predict live birth in IUI cycles.  Normal sperm morphology after preparation was higher in patients with live birth (5.4 4.5 vs 4.3 4.1; respectively, p<.05) in study population. In male subfertile group, normal sperm morphology before and after sperm preparation was higher in patients with live birth (1.3 1.4 vs 0.6 0.9; p<0.001 and 4.6 4.4 vs 1.9 2.2; p<0.01, respectively) However, both basal and post wash normal sperm morphology were similar in patients with and without live birth in unexplained group. The best cut off value for normal sperm morphology to predict live birth was 4.5% in male subfertile group with a sensitivity of 50.6% and specificity of 61.7%  Morphological evaluation is not a reliable parameter alone for predicting pregnancy outcome in unexplained infertility. In male subfertility, post wash normal sperm morphology percentage higher than 4.5 increases the probability of live birth.
Impact of luteal phase support with vaginal progesterone on the clinical pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination cycles stimulated with gonadotropins: a randomized multicenter study.
Venue: Fertility and sterility

To evaluate the effect of luteal phase support (LPS) in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles stimulated with gonadotropins.  Randomized multicenter trial.  Academic tertiary care centers and affiliated secondary care centers.  Three hundred and ninety three normo ovulatory patients, <43 years, with body mass index =30 kg/m2, in their first IUI cycle, with at least one patent tube, a normal uterine cavity, and a male partner with total motile sperm count =5 million after capacitation. INTERVENTION(S) Gonadotropin stimulation, IUI, randomization to LPS using vaginal progesterone gel (n 202) or no LPS (n 191) MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, miscarriage rate, and duration of the luteal phase. RESULT(S) The primary outcome, the clinical pregnancy rate, was not statistically different between the treatment group (16.8% and the control group (11% (relative risk [RR] 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89 2.67) Similarly, the secondary outcome, the live birth rate, was 14.9% in the treatment group and 9.4% in the control group (RR 1.60; 95% CI, 0.89 2.87) The mean duration of the luteal phase was about 2 days longer in the treatment group (16.6 2.2 days) compared with the control group (14.6 2.5 days) (mean difference 2.07; 95% CI, 1.58 2.56) CONCLUSION(S) Although a trend toward a higher clinical pregnancy rate as well as live birth rate was observed in the treatment group, the difference with the control group was not statistically significant.
Applications of hierarchically structured porous materials from energy storage and conversion, catalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and sensing to biomedicine.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews

Over the last decade, significant effort has been devoted to the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials owing to their outstanding properties such as high surface area, excellent accessibility to active sites, and enhanced mass transport and diffusion. The hierarchy of porosity, structural, morphological and component levels in these materials is key for their high performance in all kinds of applications. The introduction of hierarchical porosity into materials has led to a significant improvement in the performance of materials. Herein, recent progress in the applications of hierarchically structured porous materials from energy conversion and storage, catalysis, photocatalysis, adsorption, separation, and sensing to biomedicine is reviewed. Their potential future applications are also highlighted. We particularly dwell on the relationship between hierarchically porous structures and properties, with examples of each type of hierarchically structured porous material according to its chemical composition and physical characteristics. The present review aims to open up a new avenue to guide the readers to quickly obtain in depth knowledge of applications of hierarchically porous materials and to have a good idea about selecting and designing suitable hierarchically porous materials for a specific application. In addition to focusing on the applications of hierarchically porous materials, this comprehensive review could stimulate researchers to synthesize new advanced hierarchically porous solids.
Flourishing of teachers in secondary schools

The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between person environment fit, workplace flourishing, intention to leave, in role performance, and organisational citizenship behaviour. A cross sectional survey design was used with a sample of 258 secondary school teachers, heads of departments, vice principals, and principals working in the Sedibeng East and West District in Gauteng. The Perceived Fit Scale, Flourishing at Work Scale, Turnover Intention Scale, In Role Behaviour Scale, and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Scale were administered. Flourishing at work consisted of emotional well being (job satisfaction, positive affect and low negative affect) psychological well being (autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, relatedness satisfaction, meaning, engagement and learning) and social well being (social contribution, social integration, social actualisation, social acceptance and social coherence) The results indicated a positive relationship between person environment fit and workplace flourishing. Workplace flourishing had a negative relationship with intention to leave, and a positive relationship with in role performance and organisational citizenship behaviour respectively. Person environment fit indirectly affected in role performance and organisational citizenship behaviour via workplace flourishing.
Metal Criticality Determination for Australia, the US, and the Planet Comparing 2008 and 2012 Results

Episodic supply shortages of metals and unsettling predictions of potential supply constraints in the future have led to a series of recent criticality evaluations. This study applies a consistent criticality methodology to the United States, Australia, and to the global level for both 2008 and 2012. It is the first time that criticality assessments are presented for Australia, a country that contrasts with the United States in terms of its mineral deposits and metal use characteristics. We use the Yale criticality methodology, which measures Supply Risk (SR) Environmental Implications (EI) and Vulnerability to Supply Restriction (VSR) to derive criticality assessments for five major metals (Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn) and for indium (In) We find only modest changes in SR between 2008 and 2012 at both country and global levels; these changes are due to revisions in resource estimates. At the country level, Australia's VSR for Ni, Cu, and Zn is 23% 33% lower than that for the United States, largely because of Australia's abundant domestic resources. At the global level, SR is much higher for In, Ni, Cu, and Zn than for Al and Fe as a consequence of SR's longer time horizon and anticipated supply/demand constraints. The results emphasize the dynamic nature of criticality and its variance between countries and among metals.
A review of chronic pain impact on patients, their social environment and the health care system
Venue: Journal of pain research

Chronic pain (CP) seriously affects the patient's daily activities and quality of life, but few studies on CP have considered its effects on the patient's social and family environment. In this work, through a review of the literature, we assessed several aspects of how CP influences the patient's daily activities and quality of life, as well as its repercussions in the workplace, and on the family and social environment. Finally, the consequences of pain on the health care system are discussed. On the basis of the results, we concluded that in addition to the serious consequences on the patient's life, CP has a severe detrimental effect on their social and family environment, as well as on health care services. Thus, we want to emphasize on the need to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to treatment so as to obtain more comprehensive improvements for patients in familial and social contexts. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to promote more social and family oriented research initiatives.
Ontology based demand side flexibility management in smart grids using a multi agent system
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

Power distribution network management must integrate with demand side management, alongside distributed energy resources, in order to meet sustainability, resilience, and economic challenges through a smart grid approach. This paper presents an implementation of the Universal Smart Energy Framework (USEF) through a multiagent system and a novel semantic web ontology, which aligns and enriches relevant existing standards. USEF provides a common specification of the market processes and information exchange but does not specify the internal reasoning of the different roles involved. The authors explain the systematic design and development process from the requirements of the energy flexibility value chain to software implementation. The underpinning ontology formalizes a domain perspective which is coherent with existing standards, and is sufficient for the agent oriented implementation of the mentioned framework. As well as contributing this model as a web ontology artifact, the presented work utilizes metaprogramming to transform the domain model into a standard agent communication language ontology. The research reported in this paper is expected to lead towards efficient and scalable development of decision support and automation software for smart grids.
An Architecture for a Policy Oriented Web Browser Management System: HiFiPol: Browser
Venue: 2016 IEEE 40th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

Web browsers are a necessity of today's economy and government. This success is attributed to their flexibility, which is afforded by Turing complete execution and powerful graphic capabilities, both accessible through the network to trusted and untrusted sites. These capabilities, if maliciously undermined, have high potential for data or system compromise. An approach that can be successfully applied to prevent and mitigate compromise is tailoring browser security settings according to device, user/role, and domain. To make such a high fidelity security configurations practical, we are designing and implementing HiFiPol A policy oriented and multi platform Hi Fidelity security Policy management system for web Browsers. In this article, we describe the architecture of HiFiPol: Browser. We describe in detail all components of the architecture, the tasks needed to implement it in a fully operational system, and the current status on the progress of each task.  Browser has been designed to provide: a) a human friendly and high level policy specification language and environment, b) security policy conflict detection and resolution, c) automatic instantiation of high level policies into configurations, and d) distributed browser configuration deployment. We believe that HiFiPol: Browser will enable the design and implementation of domain application device and user tailored secure policies within a technically diverse organization.
A New Population of Parvocellular Oxytocin Neurons Controlling Magnocellular Neuron Activity and Inflammatory Pain Processing
Venue: Neuron

Oxytocin (OT) is a neuropeptide elaborated by the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. Magnocellular OT neurons of these nuclei innervate numerous forebrain regions and release OT into the blood from the posterior pituitary. The PVN also harbors parvocellular OT cells that project to the brainstem and spinal cord, but their function has not been directly assessed. Here, we identified a subset of approximately 30 parvocellular OT neurons, with collateral projections onto magnocellular OT neurons and neurons of deep layers of the spinal cord. Evoked OT release from these OT neurons suppresses nociception and promotes analgesia in an animal model of inflammatory pain. Our findings identify a new population of OT neurons that modulates nociception in a two tier process: (1) directly by release of OT from axons onto sensory spinal cord neurons and inhibiting their activity and (2) indirectly by stimulating OT release from SON neurons into the periphery.
Demixed principal component analysis of neural population data
Venue: eLife

Neurons in higher cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, are often tuned to a variety of sensory and motor variables, and are therefore said to display mixed selectivity. This complexity of single neuron responses can obscure what information these areas represent and how it is represented. Here we demonstrate the advantages of a new dimensionality reduction technique, demixed principal component analysis (dPCA) that decomposes population activity into a few components. In addition to systematically capturing the majority of the variance of the data, dPCA also exposes the dependence of the neural representation on task parameters such as stimuli, decisions, or rewards. To illustrate our method we reanalyze population data from four datasets comprising different species, different cortical areas and different experimental tasks. In each case, dPCA provides a concise way of visualizing the data that summarizes the task dependent features of the population response in a single figure. DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10989.001
Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry: New estimates of R&D costs.
Venue: Journal of health economics

The research and development costs of 106 randomly selected new drugs were obtained from a survey of 10 pharmaceutical firms. These data were used to estimate the average pre tax cost of new drug and biologics development. The costs of compounds abandoned during testing were linked to the costs of compounds that obtained marketing approval. The estimated average out of pocket cost per approved new compound is $1395 million (2013 dollars) Capitalizing out of pocket costs to the point of marketing approval at a real discount rate of 10.5% yields a total pre approval cost estimate of $2558 million (2013 dollars) When compared to the results of the previous study in this series, total capitalized costs were shown to have increased at an annual rate of 8.5% above general price inflation. Adding an estimate of post approval R&D costs increases the cost estimate to $2870 million (2013 dollars)
Organizational Performance as a Dependent Variable

Most studies of organizational performance define performance as a dependent variable and seek to identify variables that produce variations in performance. Researchers who study organizational performance in this way typically devote little attention to the complications of using such a formulation to characterize the causal structure of performance phenomena. These complications include the ways in which performance advantage is competitively unstable, the causal complexity surrounding performance, and the limitations of using data based on retrospective recall of informants. Since these complications are well known and routinely taught, a pattern of acknowledging the difficulties but continuing the practice cannot be attributed exclusively to poor training, lack of intelligence, or low standards. Most researchers understand the difficulties of inferring causal order from the correlations generated by organizational histories, particularly when those correlations may be implicit in the measurement procedures used. We suggest that the persistence of this pattern is due, in part, to the context of organizational research. Organizational researchers live in two worlds. The first demands and rewards speculations about how to improve performance. The second demands and rewards adherence to rigorous standards of scholarship. In its efforts to satisfy these often conflicting demands, the organizational research community sometimes responds by saying that inferences about the causes of performance cannot be made from the data available, and simultaneously goes ahead to make such inferences. We conclude by considering a few virtues and hazards of such a solution to dilemmas involving compelling contradictory imperatives and the generality of the issues involved.