nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring a Hidden Painting Below the Surface of Rene Magritte's Le Portrait
Venue: Applied spectroscopy

Two state of the art methods for non invasive visualization of subsurface (or overpainted) pictorial layers present in painted works of art are employed to study Le portrait, painted by Belgian artist Rene Magritte in 1935. X ray radiography, a commonly used method for the nondestructive inspection of paintings, had revealed the presence of an underlying figurative composition, part of an earlier Magritte painting entitled La pose enchantee (1927) which originally depicted two full length nude female figures with exaggerated facial features. On the one hand, macroscopic X ray fluorescence analysis (MA XRF) a method capable of providing information on the distribution of the key chemical elements present in many artists' pigments, was employed. The ability of the X rays to penetrate the upper layer of paint enabled the imaging of the facial features of the female figure and provided information on Magritte's palette for both surface and hidden composition. On the other hand, visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging spectroscopies in transmission mode were also used, especially in the area of the table cloth in order to look through the upper representation and reveal the pictorial layer(s) below. MA XRF provided elemental information on the pigment distributions in both the final painting and the prior whereas the transmission mode provided information related to preparatory sketches as well as revealing differences between the paints used in both compositions. These results illustrate very well the manner in which the two imaging methods complement each other, both in the sense of providing different types of information on the nature and presence of paint components/pigments and in the sense of being optimally suited to easily penetrate through different types of overpaint.
LUNGx Challenge for computerized lung nodule classification
Venue: Journal of medical imaging

The purpose of this work is to describe the LUNGx Challenge for the computerized classification of lung nodules on diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scans as benign or malignant and report the performance of participants' computerized methods along with that of six radiologists who participated in an observer study performing the same Challenge task on the same dataset. The Challenge provided sets of calibration and testing scans, established a performance assessment process, and created an infrastructure for case dissemination and result submission. Ten groups applied their own methods to 73 lung nodules (37 benign and 36 malignant) that were selected to achieve approximate size matching between the two cohorts. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values for these methods ranged from 0.50 to 0.68; only three methods performed statistically better than random guessing. The radiologists' AUC values ranged from 0.70 to 0.85; three radiologists performed statistically better than the best performing computer method. The LUNGx Challenge compared the performance of computerized methods in the task of differentiating benign from malignant lung nodules on CT scans, placed in the context of the performance of radiologists on the same task. The continued public availability of the Challenge cases will provide a valuable resource for the medical imaging research community.
Does Internet based guided self help for depression cause harm? An individual participant data meta analysis on deterioration rates and its moderators in randomized controlled trials
Venue: Psychological Medicine

Almost nothing is known about the potential negative effects of Internet based psychological treatments for depression. This study aims at investigating deterioration and its moderators within randomized trials on Internet based guided self help for adult depression, using an individual patient data meta analyses (IPDMA) approach.  Studies were identified through systematic searches (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) Deterioration in participants was defined as a significant symptom increase according to the reliable change index (i.e. 7.68 points in the CES D; 7.63 points in the BDI) Two step IPDMA procedures, with a random effects model were used to pool data.  A total of 18 studies (21 comparisons, 2079 participants) contributed data to the analysis. The risk for a reliable deterioration from baseline to post treatment was significantly lower in the intervention v. control conditions (3.36 v. 7.60; relative risk 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.29 0.75) Education moderated effects on deterioration, with patients with low education displaying a higher risk for deterioration than patients with higher education. Deterioration rates for patients with low education did not differ statistically significantly between intervention and control groups. The benefit risk ratio for patients with low education indicated that 9.38 patients achieve a treatment response for each patient experiencing a symptom deterioration.  Internet based guided self help is associated with a mean reduced risk for a symptom deterioration compared to controls. Treatment and symptom progress of patients with low education should be closely monitored, as some patients might face an increased risk for symptom deterioration. Future studies should examine predictors of deterioration in patients with low education.
European COMPARative Effectiveness research on blended Depression treatment versus treatment as usual (E COMPARED) study protocol for a randomized controlled, non inferiority trial in eight European countries
Venue: Trials

BackgroundEffective, accessible, and affordable depression treatment is of high importance considering the large personal and economic burden of depression. Internet based treatment is considered a promising clinical and cost effective alternative to current routine depression treatment strategies such as face to face psychotherapy. However, it is not clear whether research findings translate to routine clinical practice such as primary or specialized mental health care. The E COMPARED project aims to gain knowledge on the clinical and cost effectiveness of blended depression treatment compared to treatment as usual in routine care.designE COMPARED will employ a pragmatic, multinational, randomized controlled, non inferiority trial in eight European countries. Adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) will be recruited in primary care (Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom) or specialized mental health care (France, The Netherlands, and Switzerland) Regular care for depression is compared to "blended" service delivery combining mobile and Internet technologies with face to face treatment in one treatment protocol. Participants will be followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months after baseline to determine clinical improvements in symptoms of depression (primary outcome: Patient Health Questionnaire 9) remission of depression, and cost effectiveness. Main analyses will be conducted on the pooled data from the eight countries (n 1200 in total, 150 participants in each country).DiscussionThe E COMPARED project will provide mental health care stakeholders with evidence based information and recommendations on the clinical and cost effectiveness of blended depression treatment.
Pathological Internet Use and Risk Behaviors among European Adolescents
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health

Risk behaviors are a major contributor to the leading causes of morbidity among adolescents and young people; however, their association with pathological Internet use (PIU) is relatively unexplored, particularly within the European context. The main objective of this study is to investigate the association between risk behaviors and PIU in European adolescents. This cross sectional study was conducted within the framework of the FP7 European Union project: Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) Data on adolescents were collected from randomized schools within study sites across eleven European countries. PIU was measured using Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) Risk behaviors were assessed using questions procured from the Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) A total of 11,931 adolescents were included in the analyses: 43.4% male and 56.6% female (M/F: 5179/6752) with a mean age of 14.89 0.87 years. Adolescents reporting poor sleeping habits and risk taking actions showed the strongest associations with PIU, followed by tobacco use, poor nutrition and physical inactivity. Among adolescents in the PIU group, 89.9% were characterized as having multiple risk behaviors. The significant association observed between PIU and risk behaviors, combined with a high rate of co occurrence, underlines the importance of considering PIU when screening, treating or preventing high risk behaviors among adolescents.
Illicit drug use among gay and bisexual men in 44 cities: Findings from the European MSM Internet Survey (EMIS)
Venue: The International journal on drug policy

Anecdotal evidence suggests that men who have sex with men (MSM) are increasingly combining sex and illicit drugs (an activity referred to as 'chemsex' in particular GHB/GBL, ketamine, crystal meth, or mephedrone (here called 4 chems) Use of such drugs has been associated with mental health and sexual health harms. We aim to compare patterns of illicit drug use among MSM in 44 European urban centres.  In 2010, EMIS recruited 174,209 men from 38 countries to an anonymous online questionnaire in 25 languages. As harm reduction services for drugs and sex are organised at a local level, we chose to compare cities rather than countries. We defined 44 cities based on region/postal code and settlement size. For multivariable regression analyses, three comparison groups of MSM not living in these cities were applied: MSM living in Germany, the UK, and elsewhere in Europe.  Data from 55,446 MSM living in 44 urban centres were included. Use of 4 chems (past 4 weeks) was highest in Brighton (16.3% Manchester (15.5% London (13.2% Amsterdam (11.2% Barcelona (7.9% Zurich (7.0% and Berlin (5.3% It was lowest in Sofia (0.4% The rank order was largely consistent when controlling for age, HIV diagnosis, and number of sexual partners. City of residence was the strongest demographic predictor of chemsex drug use.  Use of drugs associated with chemsex among MSM varies substantially across European cities. As city is the strongest predictor of chemsex drug use, effective harm reduction programmes must include structural as well as individual interventions.
Emerging Topics in Learning from Noisy and Missing Data
Venue: ACM Multimedia

While vital for handling most multimedia and computer vision problems, collecting large scale fully annotated datasets is a resource consuming, often unaffordable task. Indeed, on the one hand datasets need to be large and variate enough so that learning strategies can successfully exploit the variability inherently present in real data, but on the other hand they should be small enough so that they can be fully annotated at a reasonable cost. With the overwhelming success of (deep) learning methods, the traditional problem of balancing between dataset dimensions and resources needed for annotations became a full fledged dilemma. In this context, methodological approaches able to deal with partially described data sets represent a one of a kind opportunity to find the right balance between data variability and resource consumption in annotation. These include methods able to deal with noisy, weak or partial annotations. In this tutorial we will present several recent methodologies addressing different visual tasks under the assumption of noisy, weakly annotated data sets.
Sensitive and selective voltammetric determination of anti cancer agent shikonin on sepiolite clay/TiO2 nanoparticle/MWCNTs composite carbon paste sensor and investigation of its electro oxidation mechanism

A simple and highly sensitive voltammetric method was developed to determine the Shikonin (SHI) content in synthetic and real samples. The method is based on a carbon pate electrode (CPE) modified by the addition of sepiolite clay, TiO 2 nanoparticles and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) Differential puls adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdsDPV) technique was employed with the electrode as the anode. Furthermore, electrochemical redox properties of SHI were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) on the same electrode. The CV studies show that SHI has two quasi reversible oxidation signals at about 0.100 V P 1 and 0.700 V (P 2 in acidic media. To the best of our knowledge, the oxidation peak P 1 has not been observed in previous voltammetric studies on SHI. We suggest mechanisms that lead to both P 1 and P 2 The peak P 1 was selected for the quantitative analysis of SHI on the electrode concerned, because it is more intense than P 2 (higher peak current, higher sensitivity) P 1 is also the choice in terms of interference effects of several organic compounds likely to be present in biological samples. The anodic peak current of SHI in AdsDPV varies linearly with the concentration range of 0.44 1000 n mol L 1 Dedection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were calculated as 0.13 n mol L 1 and 0.44 n mol L 1 respectively. The voltammetric technique was applied to SHI analysis in human urine and serum samples and found to produce expectable quality results.
Optimal Design of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for the Electric Bicycle
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

Design of an electric machine such as the axial flux permanent magnet synchronous motor (AFPMSM) requires a 3 D finite element method (FEM) analysis. The AFPMSM with a 3 D FEM model involves too much time and effort to analyze. To deal with this problem, we apply a surrogate assisted multi objective optimization (SAMOO) algorithm that can realize an accurate and well distributed Pareto front set with a few number of function calls, and considers various design variables in the motor design process. The superior performance of the SAMOO is verified by comparing it with conventional multi objective optimization algorithms in a test function. Finally, the optimal design result of the AFPMSM for the electric bicycle is obtained by using the SAMOO algorithm.
Deadline scheduling in the Linux kernel
Venue: Softw. Pract. Exp.

During the last decade, there has been a considerable interest in using Linux in real time systems, especially for industrial control. The simple and elegant design of Linux guarantees reliability and very good performance, while its open source license allows to modify and change the source code according to the user needs. However, Linux has been designed to be a general purpose operating system. Therefore, it presents some issues like unpredictable latencies and limited support for real time scheduling. In this paper, we present our experience in the design and implementation of the real time scheduler that has been recently included in the Linux kernel. The scheduler is based on the Resource Reservation paradigm, which allows to enforce temporal isolation between the running tasks. We describe the genesis of the project, the challenges we have encountered, the implementation details and the API offered to the programmers. Then, we show the experimental results measured on a real hardware.
Sandwich structured polymer nanocomposites with high energy density and great charge discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Polymers are the materials of choice for high energy capacitive storage devices due to their inherent advantages such as being lightweight, their ease of processing, and their high dielectric strength. Yet, their performance deteriorates significantly with increasing operating temperature, which falls short of emerging energy applications under harsh conditions. Here we demonstrate the sandwich structured polymer nanocomposites with greatly improved energy densities, high power densities, and remarkable charge discharge efficiencies that far exceed those of the existing polymer based dielectrics at 150 degC, a temperature oriented toward electric vehicle applications. The development of polymer based dielectric materials capable of high temperature operation represents a key element in meeting the technological challenges and fulfilling the requirements of advanced electronics and electrical power systems. The demand for a new generation of high temperature dielectric materials toward capacitive energy storage has been driven by the rise of high power applications such as electric vehicles, aircraft, and pulsed power systems where the power electronics are exposed to elevated temperatures. Polymer dielectrics are characterized by being lightweight, and their scalability, mechanical flexibility, high dielectric strength, and great reliability, but they are limited to relatively low operating temperatures. The existing polymer nanocomposite based dielectrics with a limited energy density at high temperatures also present a major barrier to achieving significant reductions in size and weight of energy devices. Here we report the sandwich structures as an efficient route to high temperature dielectric polymer nanocomposites that simultaneously possess high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. In contrast to the conventional single layer configuration, the rationally designed sandwich structured polymer nanocomposites are capable of integrating the complementary properties of spatially organized multicomponents in a synergistic fashion to raise dielectric constant, and subsequently greatly improve discharged energy densities while retaining low loss and high charge discharge efficiency at elevated temperatures. At 150 degC and 200 MV m 1, an operating condition toward electric vehicle applications, the sandwich structured polymer nanocomposites outperform the state of the art polymer based dielectrics in terms of energy density, power density, charge discharge efficiency, and cyclability. The excellent dielectric and capacitive properties of the polymer nanocomposites may pave a way for widespread applications in modern electronics and power modules where harsh operating conditions are present.
Design of a new integrated chitosan PAMAM dendrimer biosorbent for heavy metals removing and study of its adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics.
Venue: Bioresource technology

In this research, different generations of PAMAM grafted chitosan as integrated biosorbents were successfully synthesized via step by step divergent growth approach of dendrimer. The synthesized products were utilized as adsorbents for heavy metals (Pb(2+ in this study) removing from aqueous solution and their reactive Pb(2+ removal potential was evaluated. The results showed that as synthesized products with higher generations of dendrimer, have more adsorption capacity compared to products with lower generations of dendrimer and sole chitosan. Adsorption capacity of as prepared product with generation 3 of dendrimer is 18times more than sole chitosan. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies were performed for understanding equilibrium data of the uptake capacity and kinetic rate uptake, respectively. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies showed that Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo second order kinetic model are more compatible for describing equilibrium data of the uptake capacity and kinetic rate of the Pb(2+ uptake, respectively.
Developing and Empowering Leaders for Collective School Leadership

Leadership has long been recognized as a critical component of effective P 12 schools (Hallinger Heck, 1996; Neumerski, 2013; Spillane, Halverson, Diamond, 2004) Because leading contemporary schools requires careful attention to myriad and often complex tasks (Blase Blase, 2006; Katzenmeyer Moller, 2009; Mangin Stoelinga, 2010) a principal must be a "leader of instructional leaders" (Glickman, 1989, p. 6) who actively engages with teachers to supervise curriculum development and instruction, assess student learning progress, implement school improvement initiatives, and monitor impact of those efforts (Knapp et al. 2003; Marks Nance, 2007; Marks Printy, 2003; Marzano, Waters, McNulty, 2005) This learningcentered leadership enacted collaboratively by administrators and teachers "relies on complex, organic interrelationships" (Murphy, Elliott, Goldring, Porter, 2006, p. 1) as well as shared responsibility for outcomes (Demarest, 2010; McCombs Miller, 2007) The "extent of influence that organizational members and stakeholders exert on decisions" (Leithwood Louis, 2012, p. 11) within a school community is known as collective leadership. Collective instructional leadership practices, defined as setting directions, developing people, redesigning the organization, and improving the instructional program (Leithwood Louis, 2012) require coordinated and engaged efforts by administrators and teachers working and learning together (Collinson Cook, 2007; Muijs Harris, 2003; Murphy, 2005)
Automatic license plate recognition using mobile device
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC)

The rapid development of intelligent transport systems (ITS) brings us a safer and more convenient life. In this field, automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) plays an important role in many applications which have been deployed in reality such as stolen car detection, parking system management, and automatic transport charging system. The traditional ALPR methods usually need a high resolution camera to capture good quality images and a powerful computer to process the complex algorithms. However, with many great scientific breakthroughs in mobile device technology, we can easily buy smartphone/tablet which equipped strong central processing unit (CPU) and excellent camera to meet the requirements of ALPR. In this paper, we develop an Android program which processes the image captured by built in camera of mobile device to have license plate number and save it into database for further applications. Open source OpenCV libraries are imported into project for some image processing steps with purpose of programming time saving. We apply Tesseract engine and neural network which are two optical character recognition (OCR) methods to convert license plate image to machine encoded text.
Automatic Number Plate Recognition on Android Platform

Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is an intelligent system which has the capability to recognize the character on vehicle number plate. Since the past decades, many researches have been conducted to recognize the vehicle number plate and implemented it in various access control, law enforcement and security, namely parking management system, toll gate access, border access, tracking of stolen vehicles and traffic violations (speed trap) The main challenges of implementing ANPR algorithm on mobile phone are how to produce a higher coding efficiency, lower computational complexity, and higher scalability with limited CPU, memory, and camera. In this book, various steps to optimize ANPR were described, such as pre processing, segmentation, and optical character recognition (OCR) using template matching. The proposed ANPR algorithm was based on an open source image processing library (Leptonica) and OCR library (Tesseract) This book details the step by step Java implementation of the proposed optimized ANPR algorithm. Results show that our proposed algorithm improved the recognition rate with negligible additional processing time.