nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Device to Device Communications Technology Components in METIS
Venue: IEEE Access

As the standardization of network assisted device to device (D2D) communications by the Third Generation Partnership Project progresses, the research community has started to explore the technology potential of new advanced features that will largely impact the performance of 5G networks. For 5G, D2D is becoming an integrative term of emerging technologies that take an advantage of the proximity of communicating entities in licensed and unlicensed spectra. The European 5G research project Mobile and Wireless Communication Enablers for the 2020 Information Society (METIS) has identified advanced D2D as a key enabler for a variety of 5G services, including cellular coverage extension, social proximity, and communicating vehicles. In this paper, we review the METIS D2D technology components in three key areas of proximal communications network assisted multi hop, full duplex, and multi antenna D2D communications and argue that the advantages of properly combining cellular and ad hoc technologies help to meet the challenges of the information society beyond 2020.
Operationalising the Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting

The study examined the perception of Nigerian accountants on the quality of financial reporting and the use of qualitative characteristics in the measurement of financial reporting quality. The objective was to demonstrate how the qualitative characteristics, as defined by the IASB can be operationalised. The study adopted a survey approach. 120 copies of structured questionnaire, designed in accordance with the underneath attributes of the qualitative characteristics, were distributed to professional accountants in three major cities in Nigeria. The data generated from the survey was analysed using tables, percentages, mean and descriptive analysis. Findings indicate that the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting can be operationalised if we pay attention to the underneath attributes of these main characteristics, namely; relevance, faithful representation, comparability, verifiability, understandability and timeliness. The results further indicate that the respondents perceived faithful representation and relevance as having greater potential of enhancing the quality of financial reporting, with an average mean score of 3.2 and 3.1 respectively. The type of auditor's report (3.6) the use of fair value as a basis for measurement (3.4) the presence of information which explains the assumptions and estimates made in the financial statements (3.4) as well as information which explains the choice of accounting principles used in the preparation of financial statements (3.4) are also the underneath attributes which enhance the quality of financial reporting to a great extent. Findings also revealed that, although the adoption of IFRS has greatly impacted the quality of financial reporting, training on IFRS and qualitative characteristic based study are still scanty. The study recommends training of accounting personnel on IFRS and more research studies in this area.
New protein deposition tracers in the pipeline
Venue: EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

Traditional nuclear medicine ligands were designed to target cellular receptors or transporters with a binding pocket and a defined structure activity relationship. More recently, tracers have been developed to target pathological protein aggregations, which have less well defined structure activity relationships. Aggregations of proteins such as tau, a synuclein, and b amyloid (Ab) have been identified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, and Parkinson's disease (PD) Indeed, Ab deposition is a hallmark of AD, and detection methods have evolved from coloured dyes to modern 18F labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Such tracers are becoming increasingly established in routine clinical practice for evaluation of Ab neuritic plaque density in the brains of adults who are being evaluated for AD and other causes of cognitive impairment. While similar in structure, there are key differences between the available compounds in terms of dosing/dosimetry, pharmacokinetics, and interpretation of visual reads. In the future, quantification of Ab PET may further improve its utility. Tracers are now being developed for evaluation of tau protein, which is associated with decreased cognitive function and neurodegenerative changes in AD, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases. While no compound has yet been approved for tau imaging in clinical use, it is a very active area of research. Development of tau tracers comprises in depth characterisation of existing radiotracers, clinical validation, a better understanding of uptake patterns, test retest/dosimetry data, and neuropathological correlations with PET. Tau imaging may allow early, more accurate diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression, in a range of conditions. Another marker for which imaging modalities are needed is a synuclein, which has potential for conditions including PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Efforts to develop a suitable tracer are ongoing, but are still in their infancy. In conclusion, several PET tracers for detection of pathological protein depositions are now available for clinical use, particularly PET tracers that bind to Ab plaques. Tau PET tracers are currently in clinical development, and a synuclein protein deposition tracers are at early stage of research. These tracers will continue to change our understanding of complex disease processes.
Evaluating the impact of the Bologna Process on the efficiency convergence of Italian universities: a non parametric frontier approach

The Bologna Process (BP) promoted a series of wide ranging reforms of higher education (HE) systems in order to improve the quality of teaching activities across Europe. This paper evaluates the effect of these reforms on the teaching efficiency of Italian universities during the period 2000 2010. We employ bootstrapped data envelopment analysis algorithms to assess teaching efficiency. Then, we examine the convergence of the Italian HE system using several panel data estimators. We find clear evidence that Italian universities have become more efficient over time, consistent with the goals of the BP, but that substantial improvement mainly occurs during the initial period of implementation. Our estimates also show a process of convergence in the performance of the Italian HE system, but we find strong evidence of persistent gaps at both university and regional levels. These empirical findings are robust to an alternative estimator, the empirical strategy, and the employed sample.
University dropouts in Italy: Are supply side characteristics part of the problem?

High student dropout rates are a long standing issue in Italian universities. University dropouts may be explained by supply side characteristics of universities as well as by students' individual characteristics, but studies of dropouts in Italy have focused on the latter group of characteristics. Our econometric analysis focuses on single universities as units of analysis and employs Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research data covering seven years from 2001 to 2008. Several models were used for estimations: fixed effects vs random effects models, and generalized least squares models corrected for heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation within panels. The results show that some supply side factors have a significant impact on the probability of dropout occurring, especially when considering the organizational aspects of Italian universities. So, for instance, acting on the structure of university courses and reorganizing remote branches might reduce the number of dropouts.
Application of Visual Interactive Concept Map in College English Writing Teaching
Venue: iJET

In order to solve the problem of students' poor thinking in English writing, this paper adopts the concept map method. The visual interactive concept map was tested in 6 levels and 9 types of universities. The test results indicate the method can stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their ability of autonomous learning and increasing the effect of college English writing teaching. The method can also stimulate students' interest in learning and improve their ability of autonomous learning and increasing the effect of college English writing teaching.
Guiding Through the Fog: Financial Statement Complexity and Voluntary Disclosure

A growing literature documents that complex financial statements negatively affect the information environment. In this paper, we examine whether managers use voluntary disclosure to mitigate these negative effects. Employing cross sectional and within firm designs, we find a robust positive relation between financial statement complexity and voluntary disclosure. This relation is stronger when liquidity decreases around the filing of the financial statements, is stronger when firms have more outside monitors, and is weaker when firms have poor performance and greater earnings management. We also examine the relation between financial statement complexity and voluntary disclosure using two quasi natural experiments. Employing a generalized difference in differences design, we find firms affected by the adoption of complex accounting standards (e.g. SFAS 133 and SFAS 157) increase their voluntary disclosure to a greater extent than unaffected firms. Collectively, these findings suggest managers use voluntary disclosure to mitigate the negative effects of complex financial statements on the information environment.
Financial Statement Comparability and Expected Crash Risk

This study examines the impact of financial statement comparability on ex ante crash risk. Using the comparability measures of De Franco et al. (2011) we find that expected crash risk decreases with financial statement comparability, and this negative relation is more pronounced in an environment where managers are more prone to withhold bad news. We also provide evidence that comparability can mitigate the asymmetric market reaction to bad versus good news disclosures. Our results suggest that financial statement comparability disinclines managers from bad news hoarding, which reduces investors' perceptions of a firm's future crash risk.
Financial Statement Comparability and Debt Contracting: Evidence from the Syndicated Loan Market

In this study, we examine whether and how borrowing firms' financial statement comparability affects the contracting features of syndicated loans. Using a sample of loans issued by U.S. public firms in the syndicated loan market over the period 1992 2008, we find strong and robust evidence that financial statement comparability is negatively associated with loan spread and the likelihood of pledging collateral, and positively associated with loan maturity and the likelihood of including performance pricing provisions in loan contracts. We also find that borrowing firms with greater financial statement comparability are able to complete the loan syndication process more swiftly, form loan syndicates enabling the lead lenders to retain smaller percentages of loan shares, and attract a greater number of lenders and, particularly, a greater number of uninformed participating lenders. Altogether, these findings are consistent with the view that financial statement comparability plays an important rol.
Child labour and academic achievement: Evidence from Gansu Province in China

This paper considers the relationship between child labour and a child's academic achievement in rural China. Using a unique longitudinal, multi level survey, the Gansu Survey of Children and Families (GSCF) which was enrolled in the Gansu province, I use a quasi maximum likelihood estimation (QMLE) and find that more than 1h of child labour in the previous time period has a negative effect on a child's academic achievement in the subsequent period after controlling for child talent. I also show that previous academic achievement has no strong significant effect on current child labour by applying a logistic model. Based on the data, the fact that those effects are not very big or not significant suggests that child labour in China is not a big problem when compared with other developing countries (Bacolod Ranjan 2008)
Child labour in low and middle income countries and its consequences for mental health: a systematic literature review of epidemiologic studies
Venue: European Child Adolescent Psychiatry

In low and middle income countries, large numbers of children are involved in work. Whilst studies have shown that child labour may be harmful to children's physical health, little is known about child labour's effects on mental health. It is important to understand the relationship between work and mental health problems during childhood, and identify possible risk factors for poorer mental health. A systematic literature review was conducted. Published papers in any language that compared the mental health of children <18 years) who had been exposed to work with those who had not been exposed to work were included. Twelve published observational studies on the association between child labour and general psychopathology, internalising and externalising problems were identified. Child labour was found to be strongly associated with poor mental health outcomes in seven studies. More significant associations were found between child labour and internalising problems than externalising problems. The burden of poor mental health as a result of child labour is significant given the numbers of children in work. Risk factors for poorer mental health were involvement in domestic labour, younger age, and greater intensity of work, which could be due to the potential of child labour to cause isolation, low self esteem, and perception of an external locus of control. The risk factors suggested by this review will have implications for policy makers. Additional research is needed in low income countries, risk factors and also into the potential psychological benefits of low levels of work.
From protection to reduction? The impact of the public health insurance scheme on child labour in Ghana

Using the fourth and fifth wave of the Ghanaian Living Standard Household Survey, I empirically investigate whether the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme affects child labour in Ghana. My findings suggest that the implementation of the insurance scheme leads to a decrease in out of pocket payments for health purposes, which is linked to a substantial reduction in the incidence of child labour. Furthermore, I find that the overall reduction in child labour is strongest in rural areas and the agricultural sector. I conclude that the provision of public health insurance improves the financial protection of households, which removes the necessity for households to send their children to work. Thus, health insurance schemes seem to be an effective social protection instrument to fight child labour.
'You have hands, make use of them! Child labour in Artisanal and Small scale Mining in Tanzania

This paper examines child labour in artisanal mining through ethnographic research in Tanzania. The poverty hypothesis argues that households send children to work to bolster household income. The sociocultural approach suggests that child mining offers valuable vocational training. This paper builds on a growing literature that complicates these approaches' straightforward claims by illustrating how household fragmentation is generated through the encounter of traditional cultural practices with mining's culture of consumption. This encounter exacerbates household fragmentation, which in turn increases child poverty and labour. These findings suggest that policy interventions should also address these mediating factors rather than poverty per se.
Depression, Delinquency and Peer Problems Among Children and Adolescents Affected by HIV/AIDS in Ghana: The Mediating Role of Child Labour

Although in the developing countries, child labour is still on the increase despite several efforts to end it, little is known about rates of child labour among orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) The paper explores levels of child labour and its relationship with psychological wellbeing among OVC in Ghana.  This study employed cross sectional, quantitative survey that involved 291 children aged 10 18 years in the Lower Manya Krobo District of Ghana and examined their psychological wellbeing and child labour.  The findings of the present study indicate that, compared with children who were not experiencing HIV/AIDS in their families, children orphaned by AIDS and children living with HIV/AIDS affected caregivers had higher levels of psychological symptoms. These associations were mostly unattenuated when relevant socio demographic factors. Overall, children affected by HIV/AIDS (OVC) reported engaging in significantly more domestic chores and care responsibilities than comparison children and that child labour strongly mediates the association between orphanhood status and psychological problems.  The findings call for the development of comprehensive intervention programmes that address both factors specific to HIV/AIDS and contextual variables such as child labour.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Venue: Evolution, medicine, and public health

The term 'Borderline Personality Disorder' (BPD) refers to a psychiatric syndrome that is characterized by emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, risk taking behavior, irritability, feelings of emptiness, self injury and fear of abandonment, as well as unstable interpersonal relationships. BPD is not only common in psychiatric populations but also more prevalent in the general community than previously thought, and thus represents an important public health issue. In contrast to most psychiatric disorders, some symptoms associated with BPD may improve over time, even without therapy, though impaired social functioning and interpersonal disturbances in close relationships often persist. Another counterintuitive and insufficiently resolved question is why depressive symptoms and risk taking behaviors can occur simultaneously in the same individual. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate about the nosological position of BPD, which impacts on research regarding sex differences in clinical presentation and patterns of comorbidity. In this review, it is argued that many features of BPD may be conceptualized within an evolutionary framework, namely behavioral ecology. According to Life History Theory, BPD reflects a pathological extreme or distortion of a behavioral 'strategy' which unconsciously aims at immediate exploitation of resources, both interpersonal and material, based on predictions shaped by early developmental experiences. Such a view is consistent with standard medical conceptualizations of BPD, but goes beyond classic 'deficit' oriented models, which may have profound implications for therapeutic approaches.
Advanced User Assistance Systems
Venue: Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng.

Information technology (IT) capabilities are increasing at an impressive pace, but users' cognitive abilities are not developing at the same speed. Thus, there is a gap between users' abilities and available IT. Handbooks or online help functions such as 'F1 help' try to close this gap by providing explanatory information for the IT capabilities at hand. However, there is strong empirical evidence that traditional support structures are not as effective as intended (Sykes 2015) on the contrary, they distract users from their work (Barrett et al. 2004) which results in decreased efficiency and effectiveness as well as lower job satisfaction. Initial attempts to support users with more comprehensive integrated assistance functions failed miserably. A well known example of such a dismal failure is 'Clippy, the paperclip' a cartoon character developed by Microsoft that automatically popped up to assist users of Microsoft Office. However, instead of supporting the user with clear and precise guidance, studies show that Clippy 'was considered to be annoying, impolite, and disruptive of a user's workflow' (Veletsianos 2007, p. 374) In the end, Clippy, the 'non intelligent artificial intelligence assistant' was so despised that even Microsoft made fun of it. However, more recent attempts to support users, primarily in the private life context (on mobile devices) are becoming more sophisticated and have been met with a more favorable response (e.g. Apple's Siri and Google's Google Now) Moreover, Microsoft has integrated its personal assistant, Cortana, into the latest version of the operating system Windows 10, which is available for private and business environments. One domain that is far more mature with regard to 'user' support is the automotive sector. For more than 30 years there has been research into assistance systems that proactively support drivers (Bengler et al. 2014) Early driver assistance systems (DAS) only measured the parameters inside the car, for example with regard to vehicle stabilization (electronic stability control) Later on, sensors also captured the car's external environment. The use of the collected data, navigation systems, adaptive cruise control, and parking assistance can assist drivers in avoiding hazardous situations and increasing driver comfort. Advanced DAS, considered to be the third phase of DAS evolution, are about to become commercialized as Accepted after three revisions by Prof. Dr. Sinz.
Surface passivation of carbon nanoparticles with p phenylenediamine towards photoluminescent carbon dots

The versatility of the surface chemistry of carbon dots (CDs) can generate high flexibility in engineering their surface functionality for a wide and precise array of applications. In respect of this, we perform for the first time the surface passivation of carboxylated carbon nanoparticles with p phenylenediamine to prepare water soluble photoluminescent CDs exhibiting intriguing physicochemical properties. The new strategy used to engineer the surface functionality allows us to synthesize CDs with a stable excitation independent green photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 14% and lifetime of 11.8 ns, suitable for application in bioimaging, sensing and optoelectronics.
Buoyancy Effects In Fluids

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