nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
System dynamics modeling of the safety evolution of blended wing body subscale demonstrator flight testing

Between 2008 and 2010, three blended wing body (BWB) aircraft configuration subscale demonstrators developed by our research team encountered frequent accidents in flight tests. After the crash of the third demonstrator in March 2010, we initialized a systematic safety control approach and achieved improved safety records on the fourth demonstrator in 2012. This paper aims to develop a system dynamics model to represent such safety evolution process and to reveal the organizational mechanism involving complex dynamic interactions of accident causal factors (technical, organizational and human) Using VENSIM(r) software as a modeling tool, a qualitative system dynamic simulation is performed to model the feedback relationships of safety related variables that affect the accident rate of demonstrator flight testing across time. This paper gives an innovative example to apply system dynamics methodology on accident causation analysis in the area of aviation.
Suppression of microRNA activity amplifies IFN g induced macrophage activation and promotes anti tumour immunity
Venue: Nature Cell Biology

Tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) largely express an alternatively activated (or M2) phenotype, which entails immunosuppressive and tumour promoting capabilities. Reprogramming TAMs towards a classically activated (M1) phenotype may thwart tumour associated immunosuppression and unleash anti tumour immunity. Here we show that conditional deletion of the microRNA (miRNA) processing enzyme DICER in macrophages prompts M1 like TAM programming, characterized by hyperactive IFN g/STAT1 signalling. This rewiring abated the immunosuppressive capacity of TAMs and fostered the recruitment of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to the tumours. CTL derived IFN g exacerbated M1 polarization of Dicer1 deficient TAMs and inhibited tumour growth. Remarkably, DICER deficiency in TAMs negated the anti tumoral effects of macrophage depletion by anti CSF1R antibodies, and enabled complete tumour eradication by PD1 checkpoint blockade or CD40 agonistic antibodies. Finally, genetic rescue of Let 7 miRNA activity in Dicer1 deficient TAMs partly restored their M2 like phenotype and decreased tumour infiltrating CTLs. These findings suggest that DICER/Let 7 activity opposes IFN g induced, immunostimulatory M1 like TAM activation, with potential therapeutic implications.
Quantum chemical perspective of nanoscale Raman spectroscopy with the three dimensional phonon confinement model

Raman spectroscopy of crystalline/molecular systems is well backed with quantum chemical calculations and group theory, making it a unique characterization tool. For the "intermediate" case of nanoscale systems, however, the use of Raman spectroscopy is limited by the lack of such theoretical bases. Here, we suggest to couple a scaled quantum mechanical (SQM) calculation with the phonon confinement model (PCM) to construct a universal and physically consistent basis for nanoscale Raman spectroscopy. Unlike the commonly used one dimensional dispersion PCM, we take into account the confinement along all the three dimensions of the k space. We apply it to diamond nanoparticles of sub 50nm size, a system with pronounced anisotropy of dispersion for which the use of three dimensional dispersion is a requisite. The model excellently reproduces size sensitive spectral features, including the peak position, bandwidth and asymmetry of the sp3 C C Raman band. This fundamental approach can be easily generalized to other nanocrystalline solids to hopefully contribute the future development of quantitative nanoscale Raman spectroscopy.
Attitudes of Students Taking Distance Education in Theology Undergraduate Education Program Towards E Learning Management System.

Education is one of the biggest problems experienced by developing societies. Education is has an important place in individuals' lives since it allows them to prove themselves within their society and to maintain their future lives. Today, with the development of the Internet, education can be given via e learning management systems designed on the web. E learning is a type of education that can present information to its users via the Internet. In order to facilitate the use of e learning systems and to make these systems more systematic, Learning Management Systems (LMSs) have appeared. LMSs are softwares that allow management of learning activities. During the application of e learning management systems that can be designed in line with the desired curriculum, the feedback provided by students taking education via this platform play an important role in the success of the system. In this respect, the present study aimed at determining the attitudes of students attending Distance Education Theology Undergraduate Education Program at Dicle University towards e learning. For this purpose, the five point Likert type scale of "Attitudes towards ICT skills and e learning" developed by Haznedar [23] was applied to the students. The results of analysis of the data collected from the students participating in the study revealed no significant difference in relation to e learning between the students' gender, years of computer use, weekly Internet use time, their preferences of types of education, their foreign language, their foreign language proficiency levels, and their learning motivation preferences. In the study, a significant difference was found in relation to e learning between the participants' preferences of study methods.
Learning management system and e learning tools: an experience of medical students' usage and expectations
Venue: International journal of medical education

To investigate medical students' utilization of and problems with a learning management system and its e learning tools as well as their expectations on future developments.  A single center online survey has been carried out to investigate medical students' (n 505) usage and perception concerning the learning management system Blackboard, and provided e learning tools. Data were collected with a standardized questionnaire consisting of 70 items and analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods.  The participants valued lecture notes (73.7% and Wikipedia (74% as their most important online sources for knowledge acquisition. Missing integration of e learning into teaching was seen as the major pitfall (58.7% The learning management system was mostly used for study information (68.3% preparation of exams (63.3% and lessons (54.5% Clarity (98.3% teaching related contexts (92.5% and easy use of e learning offers (92.5% were rated highest. Interactivity was most important in free text comments (n 123)  It is desired that contents of a learning management system support an efficient learning. Interactivity of tools and their conceptual integration into face to face teaching are important for students. The learning management system was especially important for organizational purposes and the provision of learning materials. Teachers should be aware that free online sources such as Wikipedia enjoy a high approval as source of knowledge acquisition. This study provides an empirical basis for medical schools and teachers to improve their offerings in the field of digital learning for their students.
Globalizing Stabilized Sequential Quadratic Programming Method by Smooth Primal Dual Exact Penalty Function
Venue: J. Optim. Theory Appl.

An iteration of the stabilized sequential quadratic programming method consists in solving a certain quadratic program in the primal dual space, regularized in the dual variables. The advantage with respect to the classical sequential quadratic programming is that no constraint qualifications are required for fast local convergence (i.e. the problem can be degenerate) In particular, for equality constrained problems, the superlinear rate of convergence is guaranteed under the only assumption that the primal dual starting point is close enough to a stationary point and a noncritical Lagrange multiplier (the latter being weaker than the second order sufficient optimality condition) However, unlike for the usual sequential quadratic programming method, designing natural globally convergent algorithms based on the stabilized version proved quite a challenge and, currently, there are very few proposals in this direction. For equality constrained problems, we suggest to use for the task linesearch for the smooth two parameter exact penalty function, which is the sum of the Lagrangian with squared penalizations of the violation of the constraints and of the violation of the Lagrangian stationarity with respect to primal variables. Reasonable global convergence properties are established. Moreover, we show that the globalized algorithm preserves the superlinear rate of the stabilized sequential quadratic programming method under the weak conditions mentioned above. We also present some numerical experiments on a set of degenerate test problems.
Exploring the role of non financial risk management in strategy processes of large retail banks

The consideration of risk in the banking industry generally involves the understanding of credit and financial risks. However, the occurrence of high profile, non financial risk events (such as system downtime and fraud) have resulted in negative financial and reputational implications for banks globally. These events have provided an opportunity for stakeholders to reflect on the consideration of non financial risk. Therefore, the objective of this research was to understand the incorporation of non financial risk management into the strategy process at retail banks, including the related benefits and challenges and the initiatives that have been (and require to be) undertaken. To this end, a qualitative research approach was conducted, using an exploratory design. Twelve banking subject matter experts were interviewed to explore their unique insights and experiences into the research problem. The research identified several challenges related to the consideration of operational and business risk.  the need for increased awareness of non financial risk concepts, the need to balance risk management and business development, and the dangers of over confidence in existing internal processes.
Effects of Saturated Fat, Polyunsaturated Fat, Monounsaturated Fat, and Carbohydrate on Glucose Insulin Homeostasis: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis of Randomised Controlled Feeding Trials
Venue: PLoS medicine

Effects of major dietary macronutrients on glucose insulin homeostasis remain controversial and may vary by the clinical measures examined. We aimed to assess how saturated fat (SFA) monounsaturated fat (MUFA) polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and carbohydrate affect key metrics of glucose insulin homeostasis.  We systematically searched multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, BIOSIS, Web of Knowledge, CAB, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SIGLE, Faculty1000) for randomised controlled feeding trials published by 26 Nov 2015 that tested effects of macronutrient intake on blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in adults aged =18 years. We excluded trials with non isocaloric comparisons and trials providing dietary advice or supplements rather than meals. Studies were reviewed and data extracted independently in duplicate. Among 6,124 abstracts, 102 trials, including 239 diet arms and 4,220 adults, met eligibility requirements. Using multiple treatment meta regression, we estimated dose response effects of isocaloric replacements between SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and carbohydrate, adjusted for protein, trans fat, and dietary fibre. Replacing 5% energy from carbohydrate with SFA had no significant effect on fasting glucose +0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.01, +0.04; n trials 99) but lowered fasting insulin 1.1 pmol/L; 1.7, 0.5; n 90) Replacing carbohydrate with MUFA lowered HbA1c 0.09% 0.12, 0.05; n 23) 2 h post challenge insulin 20.3 pmol/L; 32.2, 8.4; n 11) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA IR) 2.4% 4.6, 0.3; n 30) Replacing carbohydrate with PUFA significantly lowered HbA1c 0.11% 0.17, 0.05) and fasting insulin 1.6 pmol/L; 2.8, 0.4) Replacing SFA with PUFA significantly lowered glucose, HbA1c, C peptide, and HOMA. Based on gold standard acute insulin response in ten trials, PUFA significantly improved insulin secretion capacity +0.5 pmol/L/min; 0.2, 0.8) whether replacing carbohydrate, SFA, or even MUFA. No significant effects of any macronutrient replacements were observed for 2 h post challenge glucose or insulin sensitivity (minimal model index) Limitations included a small number of trials for some outcomes and potential issues of blinding, compliance, generalisability, heterogeneity due to unmeasured factors, and publication bias.  This meta analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials provides evidence that dietary macronutrients have diverse effects on glucose insulin homeostasis. In comparison to carbohydrate, SFA, or MUFA, most consistent favourable effects were seen with PUFA, which was linked to improved glycaemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretion capacity.
Eating more unsaturated fats and less carbohydrate reduces blood glucose, study finds
Venue: British Medical Journal

Eating more unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eating less carbohydrate and saturated fat reduces blood glucose levels and improves insulin resistance and secretion, a large meta analysis of randomised controlled trials has shown. Researchers systematically searched for randomised controlled trials investigating the effects that macronutrients in the diet have on blood glucose, insulin,
Image Enhancement Based on Equal Area Dualistic Sub image and Non parametric Modified Histogram Equalization Method
Venue: 2016 9th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID)

This paper presents a new contrast enhancement method using Histogram Equalization named Dualistc Sub Image and Non parametric Modified Histogram Equalization (DSINMHE) Our proposed method consists of three steps: (i) The original image is segmented into two sub images by the median value of the image. (ii) Then we use the histogram modification technique to maximize entropy and control over enhancement problem. (iii) Two sub images are enhanced by the traditional histogram equalization method independently and then are merged into one output enhanced image. The experimental results show that BPNMBHE is superior to other contrast enhancement methods according to image subjective evaluation and various image objective evaluation measures, i.e. Entropy, AMBE, PSNR, and SSIM.
MultiPol: Towards a Multi policy Authorization Framework for RESTful Interfaces in the Cloud
Venue: ICICS

Recently a large number of existing cloud systems adopt representational state transfer (REST) as the interface of their services. The end users or even components inside the cloud invoke RESTful calls to perform various actions. The authorization mechanisms of the existing clouds fail to supply two key elements: unified access control and flexible support for different policies. Moreover, different clouds usually provide distinct access control concepts and policy languages. This might cause confusion for customers whose business is distributed in multiple clouds. In this paper, we propose a multi policy authorization framework called MultiPol to support various access control policies for OpenStack. The end users can customize or even integrate different policies together to form a single decision via logical connectors. This paper presents the design and implementation of MultiPol, including a new service called Policy Service and an attachment module called Request Filter. Experiments on OpenStack show that MultiPol has improved the flexibility and security of policy management without affecting other services. Meantime, the average performance overhead is as low as 7.8% which is acceptable for practical use. Since MultiPol is built on REST, it is also adaptive to other clouds which also provide RESTful interfaces.
Label Based Access Control: An ABAC Model with Enumerated Authorization Policy
Venue: ABAC '16

There are two major techniques for specifying authorization policies in Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) models. The more conventional approach is to define policies by using logical formulas involving attribute values. Examples in this category include ABAC, HGABAC and XACML. The alternate technique for expressing policies is by enumeration. Policy Machine (PM) and 2 sorted RBAC fall into the later category. In this paper, we present an ABAC model named LaBAC (Label Based Access Control) which adopts the enumerated style for expressing authorization policies. LaBAC can be viewed as a particularly simple instance of the PolicyMachine. LaBAC uses one user attribute (uLabel) and one object attribute (oLabel) An authorization policy in LaBAC for an action is an enumeration using these two attributes. Thus, LaBAC can be considered as a bare minimum ABAC model. We show equivalence of LaBAC and 2 sorted RBAC with respect to theoretical expressive power. Furthermore, we show how to configure the traditional RBAC (Role Based Access Control) and LBAC ( models in LaBAC to illustrate its expressiveness.
Is there a place for heritage languages in the promotion of an intercultural and multilingual education in the Portuguese schools?

This paper is part of a case study aimed at researching the multilingual repertoires of young people from a linguistic and cultural minority. Further, it analyzes the role of and the place given to heritage languages (HL) in the development of a multilingual and intercultural competence in schools. In the scope of the study mentioned above, a survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to students from a migrant background. These students attended two primary and secondary schools in the central region of Portugal during the academic year 2013 2014. Results show that the respondents value their HL and perceive them as an instrument of social interaction as well as identity construction and affirmation. Additionally, the results show that both school and teachers recognize and respect the students' linguistic and cultural capital as well as their composite and plural identities. However, they do not take advantage of this in the classroom by not promoting activities that enrich their students' cultural and linguistic culture. In this context, the possibilities for an education in/with HL, as a pedagogical and didactic project, are not yet present in the school curriculum and habitus, on the one hand, because there are no educational language policies that incorporate it, and on the other hand, because both school and teachers do not seem to value the role and usefulness of HL in the promotion of an intercultural and multilingual education.
Teachers' learning in school based development

Many researchers agree that teachers' learning processes are social and that teachers need to be brought together to learn from each other. Researchers have also stated that intellectual and pedagogical change requires professional development activities that take place over a period of time in school. The purpose of the study presented in the article was to develop knowledge about the teachers' learning when taking part in a school based development project.  The study shows that it takes some time before the teachers identify with the work in school based development. Even though the national authorities decided what to focus on during the development work, the participating teachers felt that they had autonomy in the work. The study presented in the article shows that it is important for the teachers' learning culture that they are listened to and taken into consideration and that the leaders have competence in leading school based development to support the teachers' learning. Sources of evidence and method: The article is based on a study connected with school based development in three lower secondary schools. Qualitative interviews were used as the data collection strategy to capture the teachers' and school leaders' experiences and reflections.  The article presents new knowledge connected with teachers' learning in school based development. The study presented in the article shows that schools' learning culture can make a difference for the teachers' learning and their job satisfaction and wellbeing.
Pattern Recognition and Natural Language Processing: State of the Art

Development of information technologies is growing steadily. With the latest software technologies development and application of the methods of artificial intelligence and machine learning intelligence embedded in computers, the expectations are that in near future computers will be able to solve problems themselves like people do. Artificial intelligence emulates human behavior on computers. Rather than executing instructions one by one, as they are programmed, machine learning employs prior experience/data that is used in the process of system's training. In this state of the art paper, common methods in AI, such as machine learning, pattern recognition and the natural language processing (NLP) are discussed. Also are given standard architecture of NLP processing system and the level that is needed for understanding NLP. Lastly the statistical NLP processing and multi word expressions are described.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN ZAT PENGAWET NATRIUM BENZOAT PADA SAUS TOMAT DI PASAR TRADISIONAL ANDOUNOHU KOTA KENDARI

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa zat pengawet natrium benzoat dalam produk saus tomat terutama yang diperdagangkan di pasar tradisional Andounohu kota Kendari. Natrium benzoat diekstraksi dengan kloroform dan untuk mengetahui kadarnya dianalisis menggunakan sistem biuret. Hasil penelitian secara kualiatif menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel saus tomat mengandung pengawet natrium benzoat. Secara kuantitatif sampel A mengandung natrium benzoat yaitu 5990,4 ppm, sampel B yaitu 6451,2 ppm, sampel C yaitu 6796,8 ppm dan sampel D yaitu 8928 ppm. Nilai kandungan natrium benzoat tersebut tidak aman untuk dikonsumsi sesuai Peraturan Kepala Badan Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia (BPOM) Nomor 36 Tahun 2013 tentang batasan maksimum penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan pengawet pada saus tomat hanya diperbolehkan pada 1,000 g/kg untuk bahan pangan. Kata Kunci Saus Tomat, Natrium Benzoat, Zat Aditif
Anti disturbance autopilot design for missile system via finite time integral sliding mode control method and nonlinear disturbance observer technique

In this paper, a composite anti disturbance autopilot design for a missile system is proposed based on finite time integral sliding mode control scheme and nonlinear disturbance observer technique. First, a nonlinear disturbance observer is developed to estimate the external disturbances with partial known information. Second, in order to obtain good disturbance rejection performance and reject the other type of disturbances, a finite time integral sliding mode control strategy is employed to the design of a feedback controller. Third, an improved adaptive composite anti disturbance autopilot is given to avoid the inaccuracy of the upper bound of external disturbances. Finally, simulation results are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.