nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Realist Case Study of a Regional Hospital's Response to Improve Emergency Department Access in the Context of Australian Health Care Reforms
Venue: Health services research and managerial epidemiology

Major health care reforms have extended across all Australian public hospitals in recent years. Improving emergency department (ED) access has been a focus of these reforms.  This study evaluates how the national reforms have led to improvement in ED access in a regional hospital in remote Australia.  Assessing a complex scenario such as national reforms and the challenges faced by the regional hospital to implement these reforms requires in depth analysis. A realist evaluation theory based approach was employed, allowing investigation of what, how, why, and for whom change occurred. A case study mixed methods design was adopted within the realist framework to answer these questions about change.  The study identified moderate improvement in ED access as a result of the reforms (investment in infrastructure and workforce and the introduction of ED targets) Clinical leadership and support from management were essential for the improvement. Without ongoing investment and clinical redesign activities, however, sustainability of the improvement may prove difficult.
A Systematic Evaluation of Blood Serum and Plasma Pre Analytics for Metabolomics Cohort Studies
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

The recent thriving development of biobanks and associated high throughput phenotyping studies requires the elaboration of large scale approaches for monitoring biological sample quality and compliance with standard protocols. We present a metabolomic investigation of human blood samples that delineates pitfalls and guidelines for the collection, storage and handling procedures for serum and plasma. A series of eight pre processing technical parameters is systematically investigated along variable ranges commonly encountered across clinical studies. While metabolic fingerprints, as assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, are not significantly affected by altered centrifugation parameters or delays between sample pre processing (blood centrifugation) and storage, our metabolomic investigation highlights that both the delay and storage temperature between blood draw and centrifugation are the primary parameters impacting serum and plasma metabolic profiles. Storing the blood drawn at 4 degC is shown to be a reliable routine to confine variability associated with idle time prior to sample pre processing. Based on their fine sensitivity to pre analytical parameters and protocol variations, metabolic fingerprints could be exploited as valuable ways to determine compliance with standard procedures and quality assessment of blood samples within large multi omic clinical and translational cohort studies.
Clinicopathological evaluation of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: A unicenter study

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. It ranks fifth in cancer incidence and fourth in cancer mortality in India. As the literature on the issue in India is limited, we undertook the study with the objective of evaluating the histopathological features of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) and correlating these with certain clinicopathological variables.  All the cases of PCa diagnosed on transurethral resection (TURP) specimens and core needle biopsies, over a period of three years (between January 2013 and January 2016) were evaluated. The clinicopathological data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis to discern correlations.  The study included 55 cases of PCa comprised of 29.1% of moderately differentiated, 18.2% of moderate to poorly differentiated and 52.7% of poorly differentiated cases. The mean patient age was 69 years with mean preoperative serum PSA level of 162.9 ng/ml. The three commonest clinical presenting symptoms were increased frequency of micturation (45.5% incomplete voiding (40% and dysuria (38.2% Gleason score 8 was the most frequent [15(27.3% followed by Gleason score 9 [13(23.6% The average tumour volume in TURP specimens and needle biopsies was 52.5 and 58.1% respectively.  A positive correlation was found between high Gleason score and increased PSA levels and tumour volume. Majority of our patients had poorly differentiated PCa with high PSA levels suggesting that the disease is advanced at the time of diagnosis.
HIDROCINESIOTERAPIA NA CONDROMALACIA PATELAR: ESTUDO DE CASO

A condromalacia patelar e um estado anormal, na qual a cartilagem da superficie articular da patela apresenta se rugosa. Devido a isso, os objetivos desde artigo foi verificar os efeitos da Hidrocinesioterapia no tratamento da Condromalacia patelar. Para comprovar os efeitos dos exercicios aquatico com orientacao para o fortalecimento da musculatura do quadriceps em seis pacientes portadores de condromalacia patelar, elaborou se um programa com tres sessoes semanais de sessenta minutos cada. Os exercicios foram introduzido o uso de caneleira com aumento gradual de cargas. No primeiro mes verificou se ganho de forca. A partir do segundo mes constatou se o fortalecimento da musculatura e a diminuicao das frequencias e intensidade das dores na regiao do joelho. Concluimos que o tratamento em agua aquecida e adequado as necessidades dos pacientes, uma vez que, as particularidades da agua proporciona toda comodidade e protecao as estruturas envolvidas, atingindo os seus objetivo.
Adding store to web: migration and synergy effects in multi channel retailing

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the topic of multi channel retailing. Specifically, the research intends to determine if and to what extent the opening of physical stores by a former web only retailer reduces or extends overall retail sales, and whether such effects tend to change over time. Empirical analysis focuses on data elaboration from a retailer who has passed from the initial mono channel model (pure online) to a multi channel one with the opening of stores.  Through the analysis of an internal data set of a leading consumer electronics retailer applying Probit and Logit estimation techniques, the authors extract information about actual customers' purchases (or rather retail sales) in three newly opened stores and about online purchases (through an e commerce web site managed by the same retailer with the same store brand) by people living in the new store service areas before and after the openings.  The paper shows that, for the sin.
Visual saliency based perceptual video coding in HEVC
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

Perceptual video coding has the potential to provide the same visual quality at a lower bit rate, compared with the traditional objective quality based scheme. Visual saliency represents the probability of human attention over frames, and it is used for allocating coding bits or controlling visual quality. In this paper, a HEVC compliant perceptual video coding scheme is proposed based on visual saliency. At first visual saliency map is attained to indicate the distribution of saliency. Then refined distortion allocating method is performed in CU level with adaptive QP which is adjusted by the average visual saliency. Besides, a fast CU mode decision algorithm suitable for perceptual video coding in HEVC is proposed to accelerate the encoder. In the fast algorithm, the average saliency is used to estimate texture complexity and movements in videos. Experimental results show that up to 22.52% bit rate and 43.48% encoding time can be saved by our methods with negligible perceptual quality loss.
Robust 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Single Depth Images: From Single View CNN to Multi View CNNs
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Articulated hand pose estimation plays an important role in human computer interaction. Despite the recent progress, the accuracy of existing methods is still not satisfactory, partially due to the difficulty of embedded high dimensional and non linear regression problem. Different from the existing discriminative methods that regress for the hand pose with a single depth image, we propose to first project the query depth image onto three orthogonal planes and utilize these multi view projections to regress for 2D heat maps which estimate the joint positions on each plane. These multi view heat maps are then fused to produce final 3D hand pose estimation with learned pose priors. Experiments show that the proposed method largely outperforms state of the art on a challenging dataset. Moreover, a cross dataset experiment also demonstrates the good generalization ability of the proposed method.
Roman Villas A Study In Social Structure

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Sicily before the Muslims. The Transformation of the Roman Villas between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Fourth to Eighth Centuries CE

This article treats the issue of transformation in the Sicilian countryside between Late Antiquity and the Byzantine period by analyzing the fate of the Roman villas. A brief synthesis of the European debate over the end of the Roman villas helps to find new interpretative keys for the Sicilian contexts within the changes of the settlement dynamics among the last centuries of the Roman Empire and the Muslim conquest of the island. Descriptions of the primary characteristics of the Late Antique villas in Sicily can be divided into two main phases: between the third and the fifth centuries, the villas were 'monumentalized' as a sign of the wealth of the owners and the reorganization of the Late Roman agrarian system; from the fourth/fifth to the eighth century, some villas were reoccupied and reused in different ways (burials, new settlements, productive activities, places of worship) The study also performs some statistical analysis about chronological trends to track long term transformations of the villas. The article concludes with some reflections and questions for future research on the complexity of rural Sicilian society during Late Antiquity and the Byzantine period.
The Effect of Emotional Self control Training on the Reduction of Verbal Aggression of Payame Noor University Students

ybwbHm rhT 1 ymyls nysH 2 ynysH nnd` dys 3 1 rydts hwrg ytybrt mwl` rwn myp hgshnd 2 nwr rtkhd ywjshnd rwn myp hgshnd ytybrt ysnsh 3 nwr rtkhd ywjshnd zyrbt hgshnd ytybrt ysnsh lwSw khyrt 07 11 93 shrydhp khyrt 19 02 94 The Effect of Emotional Selfcontrol Training on the Reduction of Verbal Aggression of Payame Noor University Students Taher Mahbobi Hossin Salimi, Seyed Adnan Hossini 1. Assictant Professor in Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University 2. Phd student of educational psychology, Payame Noor University 3. Phd student of educational psychology, Tabriz University ( Jan. 27, 2015  May. 09, 2015)
Autonomous Vehicles: Disengagements, Accidents and Reaction Times
Venue: PloS one

Autonomous vehicles are being viewed with scepticism in their ability to improve safety and the driving experience. A critical issue with automated driving at this stage of its development is that it is not yet reliable and safe. When automated driving fails, or is limited, the autonomous mode disengages and the drivers are expected to resume manual driving. For this transition to occur safely, it is imperative that drivers react in an appropriate and timely manner. Recent data released from the California trials provide compelling insights into the current factors influencing disengagements of autonomous mode. Here we show that the number of accidents observed has a significantly high correlation with the autonomous miles travelled. The reaction times to take control of the vehicle in the event of a disengagement was found to have a stable distribution across different companies at 0.83 seconds on average. However, there were differences observed in reaction times based on the type of disengagements, type of roadway and autonomous miles travelled. Lack of trust caused by the exposure to automated disengagements was found to increase the likelihood to take control of the vehicle manually. Further, with increased vehicle miles travelled the reaction times were found to increase, which suggests an increased level of trust with more vehicle miles travelled. We believe that this research would provide insurers, planners, traffic management officials and engineers fundamental insights into trust and reaction times that would help them design and engineer their systems.
REAL: A retention error aware LDPC decoding scheme to improve NAND flash read performance
Venue: 2016 32nd Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST)

Continuous technology scaling makes NAND flash cells much denser. As a result, NAND flash is becoming more prone to various interference errors. Due to the hardware circuit design mechanisms of NAND flash, retention errors have been recognized as the most dominant errors, which affect the data reliability and flash lifetime. Furthermore, after experiencing a large number of programm/erase (P/E) cycles, flash memory would suffer a much higher error rate, rendering traditional ECC codes (typically BCH codes) insufficient to ensure data reliability. Therefore, low density parity check (LDPC) codes with stronger error correction capability are used in NAND flash based storage devices. However, directly using LDPC codes with belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm introduces non trivial overhead of decoding latency and hence significantly degrades the read performance of NAND flash. It has been observed that flash retention errors show the so called numerical correlation characteristic (i.e. the 0 1 bits stored in the flash cell affect each other with the leakage of the charge) in each flash cell. In this paper, motivated by the observed characteristic, we propose REAL: a retention error aware LDPC decoding scheme to improve NAND flash read performance. The developed REAL scheme incorporates the numerical correlation characteristic of retention errors into the process of LDPC decoding, and leverages the characteristic as additional bits decision information to improve its error correction capabilities and decrease the decoding latency. Our simulation results show that the proposed REAL scheme can reduce the LDPC decoding latency by 26.44% and 33.05% compared with the Logarithm Domain Min Sum (LD MS) and Probability Domain BP (PD BP) schemes, respectively.
Comparative Studies of Base Isolation Systems Featured with Lead Rubber Bearings and Friction Pendulum Bearings

Due to the fact that safety is the major concern for civil structures in a seismic active zone, it has always been a challenge for structural engineers to protect structures from earthquake. During past several decades base isolation technique has become more and more popular in the field of seismic protection which can be adopted for new structures as well as the retrofit of existing structures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behaviours of the building with different seismic isolation systems in terms of roof acceleration, elastic base shear and inter storey drift under four benchmark earthquakes, namely, El Centro, Northridge, Hachinohe and Kobe earthquakes. Firstly, the design of base isolation systems, i.e. lead rubber bearing (LRB) and friction pendulum bearing (FPB) for five storey RC building was introduced in detail. The non linear time history analysis was performed in order to determine the structural responses whereas Bouc Wen Model of hysteresis was adopted for modelling the bilinear behaviour of the bearings. Both isolation systems increase the fundamental period of structures and reduces the spectral acceleration, and hence reduces the lateral force cause by earthquake in the structures, resulting in significant improvement in building performance; however the Lead Rubber Bearing provided the best reduction in elastic base shear and inter storey drift (at first floor) for most of the benchmark earthquakes. For the adopted bearing characteristics, FPB provided the low isolator displacement.
Not lost in translation: writing auditorily presented words at study increases correct recognition "at no cost"

Previous studies have reported a translation effect in memory, whereby encoding tasks that involve translating between processing domains produce a memory advantage relative to tasks that involve a single domain. We investigated the effects of translation on true and false memories using the Deese/Roediger McDermott (DRM) procedure [Deese, J. (1959) On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58, 17 22; Roediger, H. L. III, McDermott, K. B. (1995) Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 21, 803 814] Translation between modalities enhanced correct recognition but had no effect on false recognition. Results are consistent with previous research showing that correct memory can be enhanced "at no cost" in terms of accuracy. Findings are discussed in terms of understanding the relationship between true and false memories produced by the DRM procedure.
Distributed Two Step Quantized Fusion Rules Via Consensus Algorithm for Distributed Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks

We consider the problem of distributed soft decision fusion in a bandwidth constrained spatially uncorrelated wireless sensor network (WSN) The WSN is tasked with the detection of an intruder transmitting an unknown signal over a fading channel. Existing distributed consensus based fusion rules algorithms only ensure equal combining of local data and in the case of bandwidth constrained WSNs, we show that their performance is poor and does not converge across the sensor nodes (SNs) Motivated by this fact, we propose a two step distributed quantized fusion rule algorithm where in the first step the SNs collaborate with their neighbors through error free, orthogonal channels (the SNs exchange quantized information matched to the channel capacity of each link) In the second step, local 1 bit decisions generated in the first step are shared among neighbors to yield a consensus. A binary hypothesis testing is performed at any arbitrary SN to optimally declare the global decision. Simulations show that our proposed quantized two step distributed detection algorithm approaches the performance of the unquantized centralized (with a fusion center) detector and its power consumption is shown to be 50% less than the existing (unquantized) conventional algorithm.
Explaining fatigue in multiple sclerosis: cross validation of a biopsychosocial model
Venue: Journal of Behavioral Medicine

Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) but its pathogenesis is still poorly understood and consequently evidence based treatment options are limited. Bol et al. ( 2010) suggested a new model, which explains fatigue in MS from a biopsychosocial perspective, including cognitive behavioral factors. For purposes of generalization to clinical practice, cross validation of this model in another sample of 218 patients with MS was performed using structural equation modeling. Path analysis indicated a close and adequate global fit (RMSEA 0.053 and CFI 0.992) The cross validated model indicates a significant role for disease severity, depression and a fear avoidance cycle in explaining MS related fatigue. Modifiable factors, such as depression and catastrophizing thoughts, propose targets for treatment options. Our findings are in line with recent evidence for the effectiveness of a new generation of cognitive behavioral therapy, including acceptance and mindfulness based interventions, and provide a theoretical framework for treating fatigue in MS.
Promoting solution phase discharge in Li O2 batteries containing weakly solvating electrolyte solutions.
Venue: Nature materials

On discharge, the Li O2 battery can form a Li2O2 film on the cathode surface, leading to low capacities, low rates and early cell death, or it can form Li2O2 particles in solution, leading to high capacities at relatively high rates and avoiding early cell death. Achieving discharge in solution is important and may be encouraged by the use of high donor or acceptor number solvents or salts that dissolve the LiO2 intermediate involved in the formation of Li2O2. However, the characteristics that make high donor or acceptor number solvents good (for example, high polarity) result in them being unstable towards LiO2 or Li2O2. Here we demonstrate that introduction of the additive 2,5 di tert butyl 1,4 benzoquinone (DBBQ) promotes solution phase formation of Li2O2 in low polarity and weakly solvating electrolyte solutions. Importantly, it does so while simultaneously suppressing direct reduction to Li2O2 on the cathode surface, which would otherwise lead to Li2O2 film growth and premature cell death. It also halves the overpotential during discharge, increases the capacity 80 to 100 fold and enables rates >1 mA cmareal( 2) for cathodes with capacities of >4 mAh cmareal( 2) The DBBQ additive operates by a new mechanism that avoids the reactive LiO2 intermediate in solution.
Dependence of the dielectric constant of electrolyte solutions on ionic concentration: A microfield approach.
Venue: Physical review. E

We present a microfield approach for studying the dependence of the orientational polarization of the water in aqueous electrolyte solutions upon the salt concentration and temperature. The model takes into account the orientation of the solvent dipoles due to the electric field created by ions, and the effect of thermal fluctuations. The model predicts a dielectric functional dependence of the form e(c)=e_{w} bL(3ac/b),b=e_{w} e_{ms} where L is the Langevin function, c is the salt concentration, e_{w} is the dielectric of pure water, e_{ms} is the dielectric of the electrolyte solution at the molten salt limit, and a is the total excess polarization of the ions. The functional form gives a remarkably accurate description of the dielectric constant for a variety of salts and a wide range of concentrations.