nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Do Cultural Differences Influence Tourists' Likelihood to Seek Information Via Social Media in the Event of a Crisis?

This study examined the influence of the cultural backgrounds of international travelers on the likelihood to turn to social media to seek information if a crisis were to occur while traveling. Data for this study were generated by surveys from an online panel of international respondents from South Korea, China, India, Australia, and Brazil. A total of 2,416 completed surveys were used. The results indicated that travelers from different countries varied in their likelihood to seek information via social media during a crisis. Tourists from South Korea were found to be the most likely to access social media to find information about a crisis while traveling. The different cultures also had different preferred sources for seeking information during a crisis. This study demonstrated the significance of examining the influence of characteristics on the potential use of social media during a crisis. Implications and recommendations are presented.
Quantifying and Understanding Gender and Cross Cultural Differences in Mental Health Expression via Social Media

For a long time, mental illness was treated as a gender and culture neutral problem. However recent research shows that several social and psychological characteristics are unique to women [6] and hence there is a need to investigate in depth the causes and antecedents of emotional distress in women  In developing countries, socio political and economic issues such as poverty, inequalities in the workplace, societal and cultural expectations of women are often known to heighten women's risk to distress and mental illness [54] However, the gender and cultural dimensions of mental health, especially in countries of the majority world, are less understood1. The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals2, established in 2000, notes that the majority of data we have on global burden of mental illnesses comes from massive data aggregation exercises conducted only once every few years [38] This data often does not include gender information; and often different countries have different policies and practices in place in terms of how mental illnesses are assessed [48] Overlooking gender or culture based differences can have drastic consequences. This includes, misdiagnosis, misappropriation of interventions, constrained help seeking along stereotypical lines, and a "one size fits all" approach to extend help to those who may have unique needs [49, 48] With the lack of an adequate global surveillance system, and with the accelerating pace of economic and cultural change, more frequently updated information on mental disorders for different gender and cultural subgroups is needed [39, 41] especially from subgroups who may not necessarily appear in formal statistical surveys of health and well being. In recent years, a new research direction has established social media data as a way to understand mental health challenges in people [16, 14, 26] It has been found that these approaches can greatly supplement and complement traditional mental health assessments, such as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BFRSS) survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the US [13, 12, 10, 18] However, cultural and gendered expression of different subgroups may differ markedly from the "typical" largely western populations, on which these current social media investigations of mental health are based [16, 14] Per the perspective laid out by postcolonial computing, rarely are analytical insights and intervention mechanisms able to be transplanted without modification from one subgroup to another, and still provide the same value [29] Therefore, identifying gender based and cross cultural context is critical in the use of such passively sensed big data for making sense of mental health and well being.
Bitcoin Mining Decentralization via Cost Analysis
Venue: ArXiv

Bitcoin mining presents a significant economic incentive for efficient hashing and broadcast of data, both parameters stemming from the Proofs of Work used to advance the network. This incentive has led to the development of Bitcoin specific application specific integrated circuits and centralized mining pools, undermining the decentralized motivations behind Bitcoin's design. In addition, the imminent block reward halving threatens the profitability of mining at any scale. Some work has been done in formal models for miner profitability, but existing models do not account for conditions such as the pricing of off peak power and diverse investment strategies regarding sunken costs. There is also a lack of formal study of how the profit model changes as mining scales from the individual to the industrial level. Given the lack of analysis of these conditions, there are alternative models for profitable or net zero mining that operate at smaller, and therefore more desirable, scale.
Application of Multi Criteria Analysis in the Public Procurement Process Optimization

One of the key steps in the implementation of a public procurement process is the criteria selection that are associated with the bidders, which are intended to ensure that bidders will be able to meet the requirements from the contract. Implicitly, the criteria selection includes their evaluation in situations when the criterion of the lowest price is not applied, but instead the criterion of the most economically advantageous tender. The aim of the paper is to show that decision makers in the public sector can use multi criteria analysis for the efficient and fair public procurement process implementation and the establishment of objective conditions for the contract awarding in accordance with the general social interests. In this sense, the paper presents a comparative approach to the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Analytic Network Process as the methods of support in decision making, measurement and evaluation criteria for the selection of the best bids in the procurement process. Hierarchical model with five criteria and nine sub criteria and the network model, which takes into account the mutual influences of criteria, were developed in a hypothetical public procurement selection procedure for the best performers for the construction of the infrastructure facility. Selection of the best bidder, i.e. bids for the realization of the work, is distinctive, multi criteria problem which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors.
Towards improving public procurement process through lean principles: A case of the agricultural engineering division, Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Namibia
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM)

Public administration is one of the major contracting bodies for Namibia's agricultural industry. This study makes a critical analysis of Namibia's public procurement process, based on a case study carried out at the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry. The research was done in three phase: direct discussion with the head of department and staff, document analysis and semi structure interviews with stakeholders. A detailed study was carried out on a single procurement of a farm machine in order to value stream map the public procurement process. Value stream mapping enabled the optimisation of the entire public procurement by reducing the number of sequential sub processes from 19 steps in 48 weeks to 12 steps in 26 weeks and restructure the whole process.
Effects and Countermeasures of "Replacing Business Tax with VAT" to Real Estate Industry

As an important measure to deepen reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, "replacing business tax with Added Value Tax (VAT)" pilot will be carried out in all industry across our country on 1st May 2016, the goal of the tax reformation is to have the Added Value Tax (VAT) completely replace business tax, and to effectively avoid multiple taxation. The real estate industry, known as the foundation of national economy, will be greatly affected by the tax reformation. This paper discusses the impact of "replacing business tax with VAT" on the real estate industry's tax burden, cost, house price, profit and cash flow. Finally, some suggestions on how to deal with tax reformation for the real estate industry are put forward.
Some Aspects of Local Real Estate Taxes as an Instrument of Land Use Management

Economic and financial instruments are a very important group of tools for supporting local entrepreneurship. The broadest group among them are local taxes. Real estate taxes are considered by local governments, on the one hand, as a tool for promoting the effective development of real estate, and on the other, as a reliable source of income to the local budget. The functioning of every tax system can be analyzed by applying different criteria. The most typically evaluated criteria are: economic efficiency, equity, transparency, collectability and revenue production. These criteria are often in conflict with one another, one of the reasons for this fact being, according to the research conducted by the authors of this paper, the base of taxation. It is generally believed that the value of real property is a much more reliable tax basis than its size. It was our intention to verify this opinion. Having reviewed the available literature and thoroughly analyzed the Polish and Belarussian real estate tax systems, we concluded that the first of the two systems has no definite advantages over the other. For example, the ad valorem tax better stimulates intensive use of land, but, on the other hand, may negatively affect its sustainable development. The main reason for this fact is the specificity of real estate as the object of taxation. The object of taxation exists regardless of its economic state and performance, thus taxes have to be paid whether or not there is any income or profit. Given the nature and possible functions of real estate and the priorities of local authorities, the concept of just taxation is also socially relative.
Effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Aganope heptaphylla (Leguminosae)

2016. Effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Aganope heptaphylla (Leguminosae) Nusantara Bioscience 8: 150 154. This study was carried out to explore the effect of growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Aganope heptaphylla (L. Polhill. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of Bogor Botanic Gardens nursery for two months from July to August in 2015. An experiment was carried out employing a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications. The treatments were different sowing media: sand, rice husks, and sawdust. Each treatment had 15 seeds placed in plastic trays. The results showed that the germination percentage in the rice husk medium (75.6% was higher and the peak germination value (0.55) significantly higher (at p<0.5) than in the other media. The medium of rice husks was found to be significantly best for the growth of the seedlings; it gave the highest growth in terms of seedling height (40.5 cm) number of roots (46) and the length of roots (11.2 cm)
Far from the Madding Crowd: A Statutory Solution to Crowd Crush

Crowd related injuries and deaths occur with surprising frequency in the United States. In recent years, crowd members in the United States have sustained significant injuries and even fatalities at concerts, sporting events, "doorbuster" sales, nightclubs, and large festivals. While some of these incidents have prompted victims to file negligence suits against event organizers and venue owners, common law has proven to be ineffective at addressing "crowd crush." Indeed, courts have repeatedly held for defendants in these cases, making a series of scientific and legal errors in the process, and providing little incentive for organizers and owners to improve their crowd management practices. Additionally, ad hoc crowd management efforts on the part of a few concerned promoters and venues have done little to reduce the risk of crowd related injuries in cities and states as a whole. In this paper, I argue that state and local adoption of crowd management statutes is the only remaining solution that can effectively reduce the number of crowd crush injuries and fatalities in the United States each year. Because there are currently no such laws in this country, I propose a model statute that draws upon fundamental principles of crowd science in requiring event organizers and venue owners to take a series of relatively simple steps both in advance and during large gatherings that will drastically reduce the likelihood of crowd crush.
An Overview and Future Perspectives of Aluminum Batteries.
Venue: Advanced materials

A critical overview of the latest developments in the aluminum battery technologies is reported. The substitution of lithium with alternative metal anodes characterized by lower cost and higher abundance is nowadays one of the most widely explored paths to reduce the cost of electrochemical storage systems and enable long term sustainability. Aluminum based secondary batteries could be a viable alternative to the present Li ion technology because of their high volumetric capacity (8040 mAh cm( 3) for Al vs 2046 mAh cm( 3) for Li) Additionally, the low cost aluminum makes these batteries appealing for large scale electrical energy storage. Here, we describe the evolution of the various aluminum systems, starting from those based on aqueous electrolytes to, in more details, those based on non aqueous electrolytes. Particular attention has been dedicated to the latest development of electrolytic media characterized by low reactivity towards other cell components. The attention is then focused on electrode materials enabling the reversible aluminum intercalation deintercalation process. Finally, we touch on the topic of high capacity aluminum sulfur batteries, attempting to forecast their chances to reach the status of practical energy storage systems.
Health Reform and Health Insurance Coverage of Early Retirees

This paper presents evidence of the dynamics of health insurance coverage between 2008 and 2014 among early retirees, defined as individuals ages 55 to 64 who are not in the labor force. We focus on three questions. First, how did insurance coverage change among early retirees in 2014, when the new ACA options became available, compared with trends in coverage from 2008 to 2013? Second, are there differences between states that did and did not implement the ACA's Medicaid expansion in January 2014? Third, how did the income gradient in insurance coverage for early retirees change in 2014, both overall and in states with or without Medicaid expansion? We find that between 2013 and 2014, the fraction of early retirees without health insurance declined significantly from 14.7 percent to 11.2 percent, reversing a trend toward increasing uninsurance in recent years. This change was driven by increases in both Medicaid and private non group coverage. Gains in coverage were larger in states that implemented the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion in January 2014 than in states that did not. The gains in coverage disproportionately benefited low income early retirees, and therefore reduced the gradient in coverage with respect to income. There is no evidence of an acceleration of the decline in employer sponsored coverage for early retirees, either overall or in states that expanded Medicaid. These results suggest that the major coverage provisions of the ACA have increased coverage among early retirees, with particularly large gains among those with very low income in states that expanded Medicaid.
Question Answering on Freebase via Relation Extraction and Textual Evidence
Venue: ACL

Existing knowledge based question answering systems often rely on small annotated training data. While shallow methods like relation extraction are robust to data scarcity, they are less expressive than the deep meaning representation methods like semantic parsing, thereby failing at answering questions involving multiple constraints. Here we alleviate this problem by empowering a relation extraction method with additional evidence from Wikipedia. We first present a neural network based relation extractor to retrieve the candidate answers from Freebase, and then infer over Wikipedia to validate these answers. Experiments on the WebQuestions question answering dataset show that our method achieves an F_1 of 53.3% a substantial improvement over the state of the art.
Effect of Self Care Education with and without Telephone Follow Up on the Level of Hope in Renal Dialysis Patients: A Single Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Venue: International journal of community based nursing and midwifery

Various strategies such as teaching self care to hemodialysis patients have been employed to increase the level of their hope. This study aimed at examining the effects of a telephone follow up program on the level of hope in a self care education program.  In this single blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 75 hemodialysis patients, selected by convenient sampling, were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=25 each) including a control, a self care education, or a self care education with telephone follow up. The control group received the routine care. The self care education group received 5 instruction sessions. The telephone follow up group had similar instructional sessions followed by telephone calls during the subsequent 2 months. Data, collected using demographic information list and Miller's hope questionnaire, were analyzed using Chi Square, t test, and one way ANOVA followed by Scheffee test.  There was no significant difference among the scores of hope in the three groups before the intervention (P=0.40) However, after the intervention, the level of hope in the self care education group and self care education plus telephone follow up groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.001) Moreover, the level of hope in the group with self care education plus telephone follow up was significantly (P=0.001) more than that of the self care education group.  Our findings indicated that teaching followed by telephone follow up was associated with higher levels of hope. Therefore, such a strategy may be employed to improve the quality of life of patients with renal dialysis.
Time related vulnerability lookahead extension to the CVE
Venue: 2016 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)

Software scanning against the vulnerability database is one of the regular activities required by all information security management standards. However, the nature of the scanning system itself is reactive; a vulnerability has to be found, then the announcement made, with (and sometimes without) fixes. However, there exist classes of knowledge that are significant, reliable, and can be easily obtained, but are not represented in the vulnerability database. One such knowledge is the time related vulnerabilities that signify the increasing risk of the system through time. We therefore explore the design and implementation in representing and appending this information, and thus propose an extension to the original Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database, called Time Related Vulnerability Lookahead Extension to the CVE (T CVE) This extension would complement the classical CVE in providing a publicly early warning system so that the information security managers will be able to proactively assess their resources' C I A risks through trend analysis and will be able to mitigate them in a timely fashion. This work will initially focus on four proactive time related information categories, namely the obsolete (software) platform, out of date (malware) signature, (hardware) degradation due to wear and tear, and (software) expiry. Obviously, other categories can later be similarly appended based on this framework.
The Allelic Landscape of Human Blood Cell Trait Variation and Links to Common Complex Disease
Venue: Cell

Many common variants have been associated with hematological traits, but identification of causal genes and pathways has proven challenging. We performed a genome wide association analysis in the UK Biobank and INTERVAL studies, testing 29.5 million genetic variants for association with 36 red cell, white cell, and platelet properties in 173,480 European ancestry participants. This effort yielded hundreds of low frequency <5% and rare <1% variants with a strong impact on blood cell phenotypes. Our data highlight general properties of the allelic architecture of complex traits, including the proportion of the heritable component of each blood trait explained by the polygenic signal across different genome regulatory domains. Finally, through Mendelian randomization, we provide evidence of shared genetic pathways linking blood cell indices with complex pathologies, including autoimmune diseases, schizophrenia, and coronary heart disease and evidence suggesting previously reported population associations between blood cell indices and cardiovascular disease may be non causal.
Exploring the impact of information and communication technology on employees' work and personal lives

Technology has become part of society's everyday functioning, changing rapidly and providing widespread mobility. Employees are moving towards a continually connected lifestyle, a situation in which information and communication technology (ICT) seem to have become omnipresent.  The overall objective of this research was to investigate the influence of ICT on employees' work and personal lives.  The impact of ICT on the work and personal lives of employees has never been researched before, which motivated the current study. Research approach, design and method: A qualitative research design, with a sample of 25 employees, was followed. Semi structured interviews were conducted to collect data, and the interviews were recorded, transcribed, and processed through thematic analyses.  Five themes with sub themes were extracted: The positive and negative experiences of ICT both within the work and personal lives of employees, the increased expectations brought about by ICT usage, and the role of ICT on relationships. Findings highlighted that although ICT are generally perceived as positive, employees should make a conscious decision in managing their ICT to decrease the negative impact thereof on their work and personal lives.  Overall, the general positive experiences of ICT outweigh the negative experiences, and findings almost suggest that as the quantity of communication increased, the quality of conversations decreased.  This study provides a holistic understanding of the impact of ICT on the work and personal lives of employees.  Information and communication technology (ICT) constructivism paradigm; work lives; personal lives; employees
Impact of information and communication technology on child health
Venue: Journal of paediatrics and child health

This article provides a general framework for understanding the use of information and communication technology in education and discusses the impact of computer usage on students' health and development. Potential beneficial and harmful effects of computer use by children are discussed. Early epidemiological and laboratory studies have indicated that children are at least of similar risk of developing musculoskeletal and vision problems as adults, and musculoskeletal and visual health problems developed in childhood are likely to persist into adulthood. This article, therefore, aims to provide a reflection on the deficits of existing policy and recommendations for child specific guidelines in computer use.