nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability and Degradation Mechanisms of Radiation Grafted Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Water Electrolysis.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Radiation grafted membranes are a promising alternative to commercial membranes for water electrolyzers, since they exhibit lower hydrogen crossover and area resistance, better mechanical properties, and are of potentially lower cost than perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid membranes, such as Nafion. Stability is an important factor in view of the expected lifetime of 40 000 h or more of an electrolyzer. In this study, combinations of styrene (St) a methylstyrene (AMS) acrylonitrile (AN) and 1,3 diisopropenylbenzene (DiPB) are cografted into 50 mm preirradiated poly(ethylene co tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) base film, followed by sulfonation to produce radiation grafted membranes. The stability of the membranes with different monomer combinations is compared under an accelerated stress test (AST) and the degradation mechanisms are investigated. To mimic the conditions in an electrolyzer, in which the membrane is always in contact with liquid water at elevated temperature, the membranes are immersed in water for 5 days at 90 degC, so called thermal stress test (TST) In addition to testing in air atmosphere tests are also carried out under argon to investigate the effect of the absence of oxygen. The water is analyzed with UV vis spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) swelling degree, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the membranes are compared before and after the test. Furthermore, energy dispersive X ray (EDX) spectroscopic analysis of the membrane cross section is performed. Finally, the influence of the TST to the membrane area resistance and hydrogen crossover is measured. The stability increases along the sequence St/AN, St/AN/DiPB, AMS/AN, and AMS/AN/DiPB grafted membrane. The degradation at the weak link, oxygen induced degradation, and hydrothermal degradation are proposed in addition to the "swelling induced detachment" reported in the literature. By mitigating the possible paths of degradation, the AMS/AN/DiPB grafted membrane is shown to be the most stable membrane and, therefore, it is a promising candidate for a membrane to be used in a water electrolyzer.
Simultaneous two dimensional measurement of fuel air ratio and temperature in a direct injection spark ignition engine using a new tracer pair laser induced fluorescence technique

A planar tracer laser induced fluorescence technique using a new tracer pair is introduced and has been utilized for the simultaneous detection of the fuel air ratio and the temperature to characterize mixture formation inside a direct injection spark ignition engine. The new tracer pair consists of triethylamine and 3 pentanone, which are simultaneously added to the surrogate fuel isooctane. Triethylamine was used for the determination of the fuel air ratio. The temperature distribution was evaluated with the two line excitation laser induced fluorescence technique using 3 pentanone. Prior to the internal combustion engine measurements, the tracer mixture was first investigated in a flow cell to demonstrate the spectral separability of the fluorescence signals and for the extension of the calibration data basis. As a first application, the tracer pair was applied inside a direct injection spark ignition engine operated with a split injection scheme. For the late second injection, the fuel and temperature stratification was studied during the compression stroke. The measured temperature drop due to evaporative cooling effects was found to be about 100 K in the averaged data and up to 125 K in the single shot measurements. The relation between fuel rich areas and strong temperature drop can clearly be seen in the results. Furthermore, the suitability of the tracer pair to resolve cyclic variations is visualized.
Fluorescence characteristics of the fuel tracers triethylamine and trimethylamine for the investigation of fuel distribution in internal combustion engines.
Venue: Applied optics

Laser induced fluorescence based on fuel tracers like amines is a suitable measurement technique for mixing studies in internal combustion (IC) engines. Triethylamine has often been used in gasoline IC engines; however, no detailed fluorescence characterization for excitation at 263 or 266 nm is available. Trimethylamine (TMA) exhibits high potential as a gaseous fuel tracer but little information about TMA fluorescence is currently available. A picosecond laser source combined with a streak camera equipped with a spectrograph was used to determine the spectral fluorescence emission and fluorescence decay time of both tracers. The tracers were investigated at various temperatures and pressures in a calibration cell with nitrogen as bath gas. The results provide an in depth understanding of the fluorescence characteristics of both tracers and allow assessment of their application to the investigation of fuel distribution in IC engines.
How People Learn in an Asynchronous Online Learning Environment: The Relationships between Graduate Students' Learning Strategies and Learning Satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between learners' learning strategies and learning satisfaction in an asynchronous online learning environment, in an attempt to shed some light on how people learn in an online learning environment. One hundred and sixteen graduate students who were taking online learning courses participated in this study. The result revealed that 'metacognitive strategy' and 'time and study environment' had positive correlations with learners' satisfaction, while 'help seeking' had a negative correlation. The findings of a multiple regression analysis showed that 'metacognitive strategy' and 'peer learning' led to learners' satisfaction in an online learning environment. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of how successful learning occurs in an online learning environment, and provide recommendations on designing an effective online learning. L'objet de cette etude etait d'examiner les relations entre les strategies d'apprentissage des apprenants et la satisfaction liee a l'apprentissage dans un environnement asynchrone d'apprentissage en ligne, dans le but de faire la lumiere sur les facons dont les gens apprennent dans un environnement d'apprentissage en ligne. Cent seize etudiants aux cycles superieurs qui suivaient des cours en ligne ont pris part a cette etude. Les resultats ont revele que la strategie metacognitive et le moment et l'environnement pour l'etude avaient des correlations positives avec la satisfaction des apprenants, alors que demander de l'aide avait une correlation negative. Les conclusions d'une analyse de regression multiple ont demontre que la strategie metacognitive et l'apprentissage entre pairs avaient des correlations positives avec la satisfaction des apprenants dans un environnement d'apprentissage en ligne. Les conclusions de cette etude contribuent a une meilleure comprehension des facons dont un apprentissage reussi se produit dans un environnement d'apprentissage en ligne et fournissent des recommandations sur la conception d'un apprentissage en ligne efficace.
Judgment Error in Pie Chart Variations
Venue: EuroVis

Pie charts and their variants are prevalent in business settings and many other uses, even if they are not popular with the academic community. In a recent study, we found that contrary to general belief, there is no clear evidence that these charts are read based on the central angle. Instead, area and arc length appear to be at least equally important. In this paper, we build on that study to test several pie chart variations that are popular in information graphics: exploded pie chart, pie with larger slice, elliptical pie, and square pie (in addition to a regular pie chart used as the baseline) We find that even variants that do not distort central angle cause greater error than regular pie charts. Charts that distort the shape show the highest error. Many of our predictions based on the previous study's results are borne out by this study's findings.
Smart surface: Large scale textile pressure sensors arrays for activity recognition
Venue: Pervasive Mob. Comput.

In this paper we present textile based surface pressure mapping as a novel, unobtrusive information source for activity recognition. The concept is motivated by the observation that the vast majority of human activities are associated with certain types of surface contact (walking, running, etc. on the floor; sitting on a chair/sofa; eating, writing, etc. at a table; exercising on a fitness mat, and many others) A key hypothesis which we validate in this paper is: by analysing subtle features of such interaction, various complex activities, often ones that are difficult to distinguish using other unobtrusive sensors, can be well recognised. A core contribution of our work is a sensing and recognition system based on cheap, easy to produce textile components. These components can be integrated into matrices with tens of thousands of elements, a spatial pitch as fine as 1zcm2, temporal granularity of up to 40 Hz and pressure dynamic range from 0.25?105 to 5?105 zPa. We present the evaluation of the concept and the technology in five scenarios, through matrix monitoring driver motions at a car seat (32?32 sensors on 32?32zcm2) a Smart YogaMat (80?80 sensors on 80?80zcm2) detecting and counting exercises, to a Smart Tablecloth (30?42 sensors on 30?42zcm2) recognising various types of food being eaten.
Levantamento dos principais fungicidas e inseticidas comercializados pelas agropecuarias de Bento Goncalves para utilizacao na cultura da videira

0 0 1 229 1294 Regina Borba 18 1 1522 14.0 Normal 0 false false false PT BR JA X NONE Style Definitions table.MsoNormalTable {mso style name:"Table Normal" mso tstyle rowband size:0; mso tstyle colband size:0; mso style noshow:yes; mso style priority:99; mso style parent:" mso padding alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso para margin top:0cm; mso para margin right:0cm; mso para margin bottom:10.0pt; mso para margin left:0cm; line height:115% mso pagination:widow orphan; font size:11.0pt; font family:Calibri; mso ascii font family:Calibri; mso ascii theme font:minor latin; mso hansi font family:Calibri; mso hansi theme font:minor latin; The vine is a culture in expansion in Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul State comprises the largest area planted with the crop. The vine is subject to attacks by numerous pathogens and pests, and plant protection treatments up to 30% of the production cost. Several studies are performed with the purpose to find alternative control, but the main method used is still the chemical control. Thus, the objective of this work was a survey the main fungicides and insecticides sold in agricultural and animal production stores of Bento Goncalves city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, suitable for the vine culture in 2013. It was performed the survey in agricultural and animal production stores in 2014, with the completion of interviews, with a total of six agricultural and animal production stores consulted. The analyzes were performed by calculating the absolute and relative frequencies of the most marketed fungicides and insecticides associated to the main phytosanitary problems of the vine and the toxicological and environmental classes. All mentioned fungicides are registered for the vine culture and are used for the control of Plasmopara viticola causing the mildew. In relation to insecticides, not all which were cited are registered, being a serious problem in the matter of residues in fruits. Most cited product belongs to toxicity class III and environmental class II. Among the products listed, the organophosphates and pyrethroid insecticides are not selective to natural enemies, and neonicotinoids are highly toxic to bees.
Immune related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: a comprehensive review.
Venue: European journal of cancer

Cancer immunotherapy is coming of age; it has prompted a paradigm shift in oncology, in which therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. The first generation of new immunotherapies corresponds to antagonistic antibodies that block specific immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA 4) programmed cell death protein (PD 1) and its ligand PD L1. Targeting these checkpoints in patients living with cancer had led to long lasting tumour responses. By unbalancing the immune system, these new immunotherapies also generate dysimmune toxicities, called immune related adverse events (IRAEs) that mainly involve the gut, skin, endocrine glands, liver, and lung but can potentially affect any tissue. In view of their undisputed clinical efficacy, anti CTLA 4 and anti PD 1 antibodies are entering in the routine oncological practice, and the number of patients exposed to these drugs will increase dramatically in the near future. Although steroids can be used to treat these IRAEs, the associated immunosuppression may compromise the antitumour response. Oncologists must be ready to detect and manage these new types of adverse events. This review focuses on the mechanisms of IRAE generation, putative relationship between dysimmune toxicity and antitumour efficacy, as a basis for management guidelines.
Bayesian Analysis of Spatial Panel Autoregressive Models With Time Varying Endogenous Spatial Weight Matrices, Common Factors, and Random Coefficients

This article examines spatial panel autoregressive (SAR) models with dynamic, time varying endogenous spatial weights matrices, common factors, and random coefficients. An empirical application is on the spillover effects of state Medicaid spending. Endogeneity of spatial weights matrices comes from the correlation of "economic distance" and the disturbances in the SAR equation. Common factors control for common shocks to all states and random coefficients may capture heterogeneity in responses. The Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation is developed. Identification of factors and factor loadings, and model selection issues based upon the deviance information criterion (DIC) are explored. We find that a state's Medicaid related spending is positively and significantly affected by those of its neighbors. Both welfare motivated move and yardstick competition are possible sources of strategic interactions among state governments. Welfare motivated move turns out to be more a driving force for the interdependence and states do exhibit heterogenous responses.
Taxonomic evaluation of species in the Streptomyces hirsutus clade using multi locus sequence analysis and proposals to reclassify several species in this clade.
Venue: International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology

Previous phylogenetic analysis of species of the genus Streptomyces based on 16S rRNA gene sequences resulted in a statistically well supported clade (100 bootstrap value) containing eight species that exhibited very similar gross morphology in producing open looped (Retinaculum Apertum) to spiral (Spira) chains of spiny to hairysurfaced, dark green spores on their aerial mycelium. The type strains of the species in this clade, specifically Streptomyces bambergiensis, Streptomyces cyanoalbus, Streptomyces emeiensis, Streptomyces hirsutus, Streptomyces prasinopilosus and Streptomyces prasinus, were subjected to multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA) utilizing partial sequences of the housekeeping genes atpD, gyrB, recA, rpoB and trpB to clarify their taxonomic status. The type strains of several recently described species with similar gross morphology, including Streptomyces chlorus, Streptomyces herbaceus, Streptomyces incanus, Streptomyces pratens and Streptomyces viridis, were also studied along with six unidentified green spored Streptomyces strains from the ARS Culture Collection. The MLSAs suggest that three of the species under study (S. bambergiensis, S. cyanoalbus and S. emeiensis) represent synonyms of other previously described species (S. prasinus, S. hirsutus and S. prasinopilosus, respectively) These relationships were confirmed through determination of in silico DNA DNA hybridization estimates based on draft genome sequences. The five recently described species appear to be phylogenetically distinct but the unidentified strains from the ARS Culture Collection could be identified as representatives of S. hirsutus, S. prasinopilosus or S. prasinus.
On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains (A Position Paper)
Venue: Financial Cryptography Workshops

The increasing popularity of blockchain based cryptocurrencies has made scalability a primary and urgent concern. We analyze how fundamental and circumstantial bottlenecks in Bitcoin limit the ability of its current peer to peer overlay network to support substantially higher throughputs and lower latencies. Our results suggest that reparameterization of block size and intervals should be viewed only as a first increment toward achieving next generation, high load blockchain protocols, and major advances will additionally require a basic rethinking of technical approaches. We offer a structured perspective on the design space for such approaches. Within this perspective, we enumerate and briefly discuss a number of recently proposed protocol ideas and offer several new ideas and open challenges.
Sibship Size and Gendered Resource Dilution in Different Societal Contexts
Venue: PloS one

Resource dilution theory hypothesizes that children's educational attainment suffers from being raised with many siblings, as the parental resources have to be shared with more children. Based on economic and cultural theories, we hypothesize that resource dilution is gendered: especially a larger number of brothers is harmful to a person's educational attainment. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, covering 18 European countries, we show that the number of brothers is more negatively related with the odds of obtaining a college degree than the number of sisters. This holds particularly for women. However, this pattern is weaker in countries that are known to have a more gender egalitarian climate.
Sibling cognitive sensitivity as a moderator of the relationship between sibship size and children's theory of mind: A longitudinal analysis

Inconsistent findings regarding the association between sibship size (i.e. number of children in the home) and children's theory of mind led us to hypothesize a moderating role for quality of sibling interactions. In line with a parental resource dilution framework, it was expected that coming from a large sibship (3+ children) would be associated with lower theory of mind scores in the absence of a cognitively sensitive older sibling. Data were collected from 385 children and their next in age older siblings: at Time 1 children were 3.15 years SD 0.27) and their older siblings were 5.57 years SD 0.77) Children were, on average, 1.65 years older at Time 2. A longitudinal design, wherein theory of mind (Time 2) was predicted while controlling for earlier theory of mind (Time 1) was used to support directionality of effects. Results indicated that sibship size was negatively related to theory of mind at low but not high levels of sibling cognitive sensitivity. Findings suggest a compensatory role for cognitively sensitive older siblings in large families and highlight the need to consider process based features of sibships.
Emerging Technology Based Design of Primitives for Hardware Security
Venue: JETC

Hardware security concerns such as intellectual property (IP) piracy and hardware Trojans have triggered research into circuit protection and malicious logic detection from various design perspectives. In this article, emerging technologies are investigated by leveraging their unique properties for applications in the hardware security domain. Security, for the first time, will be treated as one design metric for emerging nano architecture. Five example circuit structures including camouflaging gates, polymorphic gates, current/voltage based circuit protectors, and current based XOR logic are designed to show the high efficiency of silicon nanowire FETs and graphene SymFET in applications such as circuit protection and IP piracy prevention. Simulation results indicate that highly efficient and secure circuit structures can be achieved via the use of non CMOS devices.
WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY DEVICES SECURITY AND PRIVACY VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

Wearable Technology also called wearable gadget, is acategory of technology devices with low processing capabilities that can be worn by a user with the aim to provide information and ease of access to the master devices its pairing with. Such examples are Google Glass and Smart watch. The impact of wearable technology becomes significant when people start their invention in wearable computing, where their mobile devices become one of the computation sources. However, wearable technology is not mature yet in term of device security and privacy acceptance of the public. There exists some security weakness that prompts such wearable devices vulnerable to attack. One of the critical attack on wearable technology is authentication issue. The low processing due to less computing power of wearable device causethe developer's inability to equip some complicated security mechanisms and algorithm on the device.In this study, an overview of security and privacy vulnerabilities on wearable devices is presented.
A Mini Review on the Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method and their Biomedical Applications

This mini review provides an adequate amount of information about the synthesis of silver nanoparticles through various routes. Among the competitors, Sodium borohydride and citrate, water, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and sodium citrate and silver nitrate are the most commonly employed reducing agents, solvent, capping agents and silver salt precursor. The particles thus formed when incorporated to form blended materials can be used in advanced applications, especially in medical devices, preventing the adhesion of microorganisms over them. Herein, the similar function of silver, either distributed over the polymeric material surfaces as a polished layer or equally dispersed therein, will be presented. The marked examples include incorporation of silver nanoparticles into fluff pulp through sonochemical impregnation and blending the silver nanoparticles synthesized through solvent free, greener routes into poly(dicyclopentadiene)
Synthesis and characterization of Folic acid conjugated Silver/Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Bimetallic Silver/Gold nanoparticles were prepared through chemical reduction in aqueous solution, following a method that was affable to the environment, allowing us to use this for medical purposes. AgNO3 and HAuCl4 were reduced using in situ techniques in the presence of pectin and folic acid. Using the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles was determined by UV Vis spectroscopy, and the values acquired for silver and gold were found to be approximately 350 nm and 530 nm in wavelength respectively. The absorption peaks of the surface plasmon band shows a shift due to the size of the nanoparticles. The average hydrodynamic diameter and the size distribution of the synthesized nanoparticles achieved from dynamic light scattering technique. The folic acid conjugated Ag nanoparticles morphology are gathered by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) functional group by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy respectively. The development of this process, which is gentle for the environment, opens the possibility for numerous applications in the areas of biomedical applications.