nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Material recognition CNNs and hierarchical planning for biped robot locomotion on slippery terrain
Venue: 2016 IEEE RAS 16th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)

In this paper we tackle the problem of visually predicting surface friction for environments with diverse surfaces, and integrating this knowledge into biped robot locomotion planning. The problem is essential for autonomous robot locomotion since diverse surfaces with varying friction abound in the real world, from wood to ceramic tiles, grass or ice, which may cause difficulties or huge energy costs for robot locomotion if not considered. We propose to estimate friction and its uncertainty from visual estimation of material classes using convolutional neural networks, together with probability distribution functions of friction associated with each material. We then robustly integrate the friction predictions into a hierarchical (footstep and full body) planning method using chance constraints, and optimize the same trajectory costs at both levels of the planning method for consistency. Our solution achieves fully autonomous perception and locomotion on slippery terrain, which considers not only friction and its uncertainty, but also collision, stability and trajectory cost. We show promising friction prediction results in real pictures of outdoor scenarios, and planning experiments on a real robot facing surfaces with different friction.
Where is planning to be found? Material practices and the multiple spaces of planning

A range of new spaces of English planning have emerged in recent years. One new space of clear import is the sub region. In this paper we seek to gain a better understanding of why sub regional spaces emerge, how they are used and how planning functions through them. Drawing upon an analysis of three English regions and interviews with actors the paper identifies four types of sub regional planning that highlight the relationship between accountable, legally sanctioned territorial spaces on the one hand and more informal, open and strategic sub regional spaces on the other. Sub regional planning provides an important if not critical strategic parallel to regulatory planning though the relationship between the two is characterised by complexity, contestation, experimentation and impermanence. Among other issues raised by this contemporary reworking of planning is the emergence of an accountability gap through the uncoupling of formal democratic processes embedded within territories and the more diffuse practices of strategic plan making.
Novel Selective and Potent EGFR Inhibitor that Overcomes T790M Mediated Resistance in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
Venue: Molecules

Treating patients suffering from EGFR mutant non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with first generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKI) provides excellent response rates. However, approximately 60% of all patients ultimately develop drug resistance due to a second T790M EGFR TKI mutation. In this study, we report the novel molecule N (3 (5 chloro 2 (4 (1 morpholino)methyl)phenylamino) 4 pyrimidinyl)amino)phenyl)acrylamide (DY3002) to preferentially inhibit the EGFR T790M mutant (EGFRT790M) (IC50 0.71 nM) over wild type EGFR (IC50 448.7 nM) in kinase assays. Compared to rociletinib (SI 21.4) and osimertinib (SI 40.9) it significantly increased selectivity (SI 632.0) against EGFRT790M over wild type EGFR. Furthermore, in cell based tests, DY3002, with an IC50 value of 0.037 mM, exhibited enhanced inhibitory potency against H1975 cells. Moreover, AO/EB and DAPI staining assays as well as flow cytometer analyses indicated that DY3002 possesses superior biological properties compared to alternatives. In addition, a rat oral glucose tolerance test revealed that treatment with high drug doses (50 mg/kg) of DY3002 did not result in hyperglycemia, suggesting a reduction of side effects in NSCLC patients will be achievable relative to established EGFR inhibitors. In summary, our findings indicate DY3002 as a promising preclinical candidate for effective treatment of patients with EGFRT790M mutated NSCLC.
Synthesis and Electrode Performance of Li4MoO5 LiFeO2 Binary System as Positive Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

A binary system, x Li4MoO5 (1 x) LiFeO2, is studied as electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. A sample of single phase is obtained at x 0.5, and it is found that Li1.42Mo0.29Fe0.29O2 (x 0.5) crystalizes into Li5ReO6 type structure. Although an initial charge capacity of Li1.42Mo0.29Fe0.29O2 reaches 350mAhg 1, irreversible phase transition associated with oxygen loss andmolybdenummigration on charge is evidenced by X ray diffraction and X ray absorption spectroscopy. The irreversible phase transition inevitably results in large polarization on discharge as electrode materials in Li cells. These findings provide the basis for the development of high capacity electrode materials with solid state redox reaction of oxide ions.
A new multi objective evolutionary framework for community mining in dynamic social networks
Venue: Swarm Evol. Comput.

Evolutionary clustering clustering in the presence of dynamic shifts of data's topological structure has recently drawn remarkable attention wherein several algorithms are developed in the study of complex real networks. Despite the growing interests, all of the algorithms are designed based on seemingly the same principle. The primary principle in these evolutionary clustering frameworks is guided by decomposing the problem into two individual criteria, snapshot quality and temporal smoothness Snapshot quality should properly cluster individuals of a network into interconnected communities. Temporal smoothness, on the other hand, should capture well the dynamic shift of the interconnected clusters from one time step to another. Thus, in the absence of any dynamic behavior, an evolutionary clustering model should be no more than a community detection one in a static network. Unfortunately, all of the developed algorithms are proposed based on discretion of the snapshot quality as a unified of both intra and inter connected community detection model while temporal cost as a community evolution detection model. The contribution of this paper starts by noting the limitation of the existing state of the art algorithms. Despite their performance on dynamic complex networks, their formulations lack complete reflection of sufficient community detection model. Our framework, then, models the evolutionary clustering problem by hypothesizing that it should not depart too much from the community detection problem. To support this claim, an alternate decomposition perspective is proposed by projecting the problem, as a multi objective optimization problem, in the light of snapshot and temporal of both intra and inter community scores. Two snapshot qualities are proposed to individually emphasize the role of intra and inter community scores, while temporal cost is proposed to cross fertilize inter community score. By applying one of the prominent multi objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) to solve the proposed multi objective evolutionary clustering framework and testing it on several synthetic and real world dynamic networks, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed model to address the problem more accurately than the existing state of the art formulations.
Summary of Meta Analyses Dealing with Single Row versus Double Row Repair Techniques for Rotator Cuff Tears
Venue: The open orthopaedics journal

Several meta analyses of randomized clinical trials have been performed to analyze whether double row (DR) rotator cuff repair (RCR) provides superior clinical outcomes and structural healing compared to single row (SR) repair. The purpose of this study was to sum up the results of meta analysis comparing SR and DR repair with respect on clinical outcomes and re tear rates.  A literature search was undertaken to identify all meta analyses dealing with randomized controlled trials comparing clinical und structural outcomes after SR versus DR RCR.  Eight meta analyses met the eligibility criteria: two including Level I studies only, five including both Level I and Level II studies, and one including additional Level III studies. Four meta analyses found no differences between SR and DR RCR for patient outcomes, whereas four favored DR RCR for tears greater than 3 cm. Two meta analyses found no structural healing differences between SR and DR RCR, whereas six found DR repair to be superior for tears greater than 3 cm tears.  No clinical differences are seen between single row and double row repair for small and medium rotator cuff tears after a short term follow up period with a higher re tear rate following single row repairs. There seems to be a trend to superior results with double row repair in large to massive tear sizes.
Thermomechanical properties of novel lanthanum zirconate based thermal barrier coatings an integrated experimental and modeling study

Guo, Xingye. Ph.D. Purdue University, December 2016. Thermomechanical Properties of Novel Lanthanum Zirconate Based Thermal Barrier Coatings An Integrated Experimental and Modeling Study.  Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are refractory materials deposited on gas turbine components, which provide thermal protection for metallic components at operating conditions. The current state of art TBC material is yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) whose service temperature is limited to 1200 *C, due to sintering and phase transition at higher temperatures. In comparison, lanthanum zirconate (La2Zr2O7, LZ) has become a promising candidate material for TBCs due to its lower thermal conductivity and higher phase stability compared to YSZ. The primary objective of this thesis is to design a novel robust LZ based TBC system suitable for applications beyond 1200 *C. Due to LZ' s low coefficient of thermal expansion and fracture toughness, which cause poor thermal cycling performance, two TBC architectures are proposed: (1) multiple layered coating, and (2) LZ/8YSZ composite coating. In this work, LZ powders are fabricated using the solid state reaction method, and all of the coatings are deposited using air plasma spray (APS) technique. The physical, thermal and mechanical properties of the sprayed LZ coatings have been systematically investigated, including temperature dependent thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, density, hardness, Young' s modulus, bond strength, and erosion resistance. The durability of the coatings in various thermal and mechanical conditions is also investigated, including furnace cycling test, thermal gradient mechanical fatigue test, and jet engine thermal shock test. The results show that for the layered TBCs, porous YSZ LZ has reasonably good thermal cycling perfor
Composition and structure of coatings based on rare earth zirconates
Venue: Inorganic Materials

Coatings based on lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium zirconates have been grown by atmospheric plasma spraying of powders, and their composition and structure have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and X ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that the chemical composition of the coatings differs from the compositions of the powders they were prepared from. During plasma spraying of Ln2Zr2O7 based powders, the rare earth oxide vaporizes more rapidly than zirconia. The difference in composition between the powders and coatings decreases as the atomic number of the rare earths increases in going from La to Gd. We have studied the processes that take place in the coatings during heat treatment at a temperature of 1250degC. It has been shown that the major phase in the La2Zr2O7 Nd2Zr2O7 and Sm2Zr2O7 based coatings undergoes a defect fluorite pyrochlore structural phase transition. The La2Zr2O7 based coatings have been found to contain ~5 wt t ZrO2 in addition to the major phase. The Gd2Zr2O7 based coating retained a defect fluorite structure.
Description and experience: How experimental investors learn about booms and busts affects their financial risk taking
Venue: Cognition

A few years ago, the world experienced the most severe economic crisis since the Great Depression. According to the depression baby hypothesis, people who live through such macroeconomic shocks take less financial risk in their future lives (e.g. lower stock market participation) This hypothesis has previously been tested against survey data. Here, we tested it in a simulated experimental stock market (based on the Spanish stock index, IBEX 35) varying both the length of historical data available to participants (including or excluding a macroeconomic shock) and the mode of learning about macroeconomic events (through sequential experience or symbolic descriptions) Investors who learned about the market from personal experience took less financial risk than did those who learned from graphs, thus echoing the description experience gap observed in risky choice. In a second experiment, we reversed the market, turning the crisis into a boom. The description experience gap persisted, with investors who experienced the boom taking more risk than those who did not. The results of a third experiment suggest that the observed gap is not driven by a wealth effect, and modeling suggests that the description experience gap is explained by the fact that participants who learn from experience are more risk averse after a negative shock. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the mode of learning for financial risk taking and, by extension, in the legally required provision of financial advice.
Design and synthesis of energetic materials towards high density and positive oxygen balance by N dinitromethyl functionalization of nitroazoles

A new N functionalized strategy of nitrogen heterocycles was utilized for the synthesis of nitroazole based energetic materials, giving rise to a new family of highly dense and oxygen rich energetic materials. They were characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC, and X ray diffraction. These new molecules exhibit high densities, moderate to good thermal stabilities, acceptable impact and friction sensitivities, and excellent detonation properties, which suggest potential applications as energetic materials or oxidizers. Interestingly, among tetrazole based CHNO energetic materials compound 5 has the highest measured density of 1.97 g cm 3 to date. 5c is the first and the only heterocyclic CHNO energetic salt with a positive OB until now. Compounds 5 and 6 exhibit excellent detonation properties (38.5 GPa, 9.22 km s 1; 37.0 GPa, 9.05 km s 1) comparable to the highly explosive HMX. With high OB, the specific impulses of 5, 5b, 5c, and 6c are superior to those of AP and ADN as neat compounds, and the ratio of oxidizer/aluminium/PBAN is 80:20:0 or 80:13:7. Furthermore, computational results, BDEs, Mulliken charges and Wiberg bond orders also support the superior qualities of the newly prepared compounds and the design strategy.
Semantic Question Answering with Video and Eye Tracking Data: AI Foundations for Human Visual Perception Driven Cognitive Film Studies
Venue: IJCAI

We present a computational framework for the grounding and semantic interpretation of dynamic visuo spatial imagery consisting of video and eye tracking data. Driven by cognitive film studies and visual perception research, we demonstrate key technological capabilities aimed at investigating attention recipient effects vis a vis the motion picture; this encompasses high level analysis of subject's visual fixation patterns and correlating this with (deep) semantic analysis of the dynamic visual data (e.g. fixation on movie characters, influence of cinematographic devices such as cuts) The framework and its application as a general AI based assistive technology platform integrating vision KR for cognitive film studies is highlighted.
Fast head shoulder proposal for deformable part model based pedestrian detection
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP)

In this paper we propose a fast head shoulder detector as a means to facilitating faster pedestrian detection. The proposed approach is based on the observation that human head shoulder regions share relatively robust features. The purpose is to address the problem of high computational speed of the deformable part model (DPM) detector by selecting candidate regions with higher likelihood to contain pedestrians. The proposed head shoulder detector is based on the simple, yet effective normed gradient features. Head shoulder detector outputs regions which are strong candidates for the presence of pedestrians and therefore, pedestrian detection processes are performed only within these regions, avoiding exhaustive sliding window search across the entire test image. Additionally, a two pedestrian detector is applied to reinforce the detection accuracy especially in scenarios where pedestrians are close to each other. Our experiments on the INRIA dataset indicate that the proposed pedestrian detection method achieves comparable detection rate to the DPM detector, with improved speed of implementation.
Effective pedestrian detection using deformable part model based on human model

Recently, pedestrian detection systems have become an important technology in the development of the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for the autonomous car. The histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) is currently the most basic algorithm for detecting pedestrians, but it treats the entire body of the pedestrian as one single feature. In other words, if the entire body of the pedestrian is not visible, the detection rate under HOG decreases markedly. To solve this problem, we propose a detection system using a deformable part model (DPM) that divides the pedestrian data into two parts using a latent support vector machine (SVM) based machine learning technique. Experimental results show that our approach achieves better performance in a detection system than the existing method. In practice, there are many occlusions in the environment in front of the vehicle. For example, the surrounding transport facilities, such as a car or another obstacle, can occlude a pedestrian. These occlusions can increase the false detection rate and cause difficulties during the detection process. Our proposed method uses a different approach and can easily be applied in real world scenarios, regardless of occlusions.
Deformable Part Model Based Hand Detection against Complex Backgrounds
Venue: IGTA

Hand detection is a challenging task in hand gesture recognition system and the detection results can be easily affected by changes in hand shapes, viewpoints, lightings or complex backgrounds. In order to detect and localize the human hands in static images against complex backgrounds, a hand detection method based on a mixture of multi scale deformable part models is proposed in this paper, which is trained discriminatively using latent SVM and consists of three components each defined by a root filter and three part filters. The hands are detected in a feature pyramid in which the features are variants of HOG descriptors. The experimental results show that the proposed method is invariant to small deformations of hand gestures and the mixture model has a good performance on NUS hand gesture dataset II.
Constellation Work and Zulu Culture: Theoretical Reflections on Therapeutic and Cultural Concepts

The purpose of this paper is to reflect on constellation work (CW) as a therapeutic intervention method and its commonalities and differences with Zulu cultural concepts. It has been stated that Bert Hellinger, a pioneer in CW developed this intervention method whilst being inspired by the Zulu culture in South Africa where he worked for 16 years as a missionary. The connections, commonalities and differences have never been explored in depth. The paper endeavours to fill the gap in understanding the connection of Zulu cultural concepts and CW. The analysis shows similarities and differences in terms of values, cultural concepts, the acknowledgement of life, relationships with ancestors and family members and healing rituals within CW and Zulu culture. CW seems to be an adequate transcultural intervention method to contribute to healing, therapeutic work and understanding of systemic family constructs across cultures, not only in South Africa, but also abroad.
Writing 'naturecultures' in Zulu Zionist healing

In this article my primary aim is to argue for an ontological and phenomenological approach to studying healing rituals within the African Independent Churches in South Africa. Through ethnographic evidence I will argue that the healing rituals are misrepresented in more traditional epistemologically tuned studies, and suggest that a better understanding is to be achieved through a focus on Latour's 'natures cultures' or Haraway's 'naturecultures' thus showing how health and well being are achieved through a creative process which continuously strive to break down any distinction of nature and culture as separate entities. I conclude by arguing that the contemporary healing rituals, which surfaced in South Africa in the mid eighteen seventies, were a sensible and experience based reactions to the colonial contact zones of a racist Colonial regime dependent on African labor.
Multilingual communication for whom? Language policy and fairness in the European Union

This article compares the effectiveness and the fairness of four alternative policies aimed at managing multilingual communication in the European Union. The current multilingual regime, based on the formal equality among the official languages of the European Union Member States disenfranchises only a small percentage of residents. On the contrary, an English only language policy would exclude 45% to 79% of adult residents in the 25 countries for which data are available, depending on the indicator used. A language regime based on English, French and German would disenfranchise 26% to 49% of residents, whereas a regime based on six languages would bring the shares of the excluded population down to 9 18% In addition, results show that economically and socially disadvantaged individuals are less likely to speak languages other than their own native tongue, and therefore they are much more likely to be adversely affected if the European Union stops using their language. The current full multilingual policy of the European Union based on translation and interpreting not only is (and will be for the foreseeable future) the most effective language policy among the alternatives examined; it is also the only one that is truly inclusive at a relatively reasonable cost. The British withdrawal from the European Union is likely to increase rather than decrease the importance of a multilingual language policy.
Transactive Goal Dynamics Theory: A relational goals perspective on work teams and leadership

Transactive Goal Dynamics (TGD) Theory is a multi level, relational theory of goal pursuit that can be used to understand behavior within organizational teams. The theory describes the nature of goal related interdependence (called transactive density) within dyads and groups, and predicts when transactive density will have positive versus negative consequences for goal related outcomes. TGD Theory states that within many close dyads and teams, individuals' goals, pursuits, and outcomes come to affect each other in a dense network of goal related interdependence, with the individuals possessing and pursuing goals oriented toward themselves, other members of the system, and the system as a whole. This article discusses novel implications of the theory for the understanding of organizational teams and team leadership, and constraints on relational dynamics within organizational contexts.