nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Multiple Channels of Engagement: from Multichannel Marketing to Democratic Innovations

Increasingly cities around the world are introducing multichannel democratic innovations that integrate multiple engagement processes. This article offers a first overview of this emerging phenomenon by exploring three families of multi channel innovations: participatory budgetings, citizens' assemblies, and citizen relations management platforms. The authors introduce a series of definitions to identify some of the building blocks of these complex democratic innovations' The paper uses this framework to explore the opportunities and challenges of integrating multiple channels of engagement, and to describe the most common integration mechanisms employed by these families of innovations: managed competition, regulation and isolation. This paper constitutes a first step in a new research agenda that goes beyond the variety of labels of democratic innovations and investigates how these institutions can be modeled as different combinations of a common set of building blocks.  Democratic innovations institutions designed specifically to increase and deepen citizen participation in the political decision making process (Smith, 2009) have become a common feature of policymaking and governance building. Participedia, a global network of scholars that maps democratic innovations using a variety of new crowdsourcing methods, describes the fast diffusion of democratic innovations as "a transformation of democracy one possibly as revolutionary as the development of the representative, party based form of democracy that evolved out of the universal franchise." Some democratic innovations are very simple and involve a single public in a set of tasks. Town hall meetings (Bryan, 2003) many mini publics (Smith Ryan, 2014) issue reporting digital platforms (Sjoberg, Mellon, Peixoto, 2015) and participatory monitoring processes (Bjorkman Svensson, 2007) are just a few examples of single channel democratic innovations. Other democratic innovations are more complex and can be better understood as a system that integrates multiple channels of engagement, i.e. multiple online and/or offline spaces designed to promote the participation of a specific segment of the population. The most complex of these systems engage more than a million people (Aggio, Sampaio, 2013) While the existing literature has investigated the interactions between democratic innovations and other existing institutions, both theoretically (Mansbridge et al. 2012) and empirically (Wampler, 2007) very little is known about the interactions of channels of engagement within a democratic
Indispensable Institutions: Making a Case for Public Libraries as Local E Government Service Administrators

While electronic access to government information is an expressed goal, implementation varies widely by locality, purpose and focus. Public libraries are uniquely situated to serve e government administration by assembling and managing online collections of local electronic government records. Materials to be collected should reflect local and patron needs, be permitted by law and be accessible online. Libraries already provide internet access and reference support, and they are increasingly serving as intermediaries as agencies cut staffing as they move materials online. Libraries promote transparency, in strong demand by the public and necessary for citizen participation in the democratic process. Libraries are trusted institutions, and, supported by librarians' competencies, they enable access, digital preservation and support for online collections. Numerous public and private libraries serve as depositories of state and federal government records, providing access points for citizens to obtain information. With the foundation of skills, capabilities and precedents, it would not be difficult for public libraries to expand on their tradition of managing and supporting access to information to administer online collections of local government information.
Factors of Local E Government Development in Poland: The Case of the Poznan Agglomeration

This paper seeks to analyse factors of e government development at the local government level in Poland. The analysis proceeded in three stages. In the first, a survey of the literature on the subject was made and a model of factors of e government development was constructed. In the second, the factors distinguished were operationalised: indicators representing them were constructed. The third stage involved an empirical verification of the model using partial correlation and multiple regression methods; significant factors of e government development were distinguished at the local government level. The analysis was conducted for a group of 18 communes making up the Poznan agglomeration. It was demonstrated that significant factors of local e government development in Poland included the level of socio economic development, inhabitants' access to ICT, their attitudes and skills, the size of administrative units, attitudes of local authorities and leaders, a vision and a strategy of e government development, human resources in offices, and the financial situation of a commune.
Effects of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation on the imbalance of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells following thoracotomy of patients with lung cancer.
Venue: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

An imbalance in the various T lymphocytes, including T helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cells, and regulatory T (Treg) cells, has been associated with immune dysfunction, and may occur following thoracotomy of patients with lung cancer. The use of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) has previously been demonstrated to exert immunoregulatory effects; therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate whether TAES was able to attenuate postoperative immune suppression in patients with lung cancer. Thoracic surgical patients with lung cancer (n=27) underwent TAES (frequency, 2/100 Hz; intensity, 4 12 mA) at the bilateral large intestine 4, pericardium 6, small intestine 3 and San Jiao 6 acupuncture points for 30 min, prior to incision, and at 20, 44, 68, 92 and 116 h following thoracotomy. The number of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of related cytokines were measured by flow cytometry, ELISA and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The balance of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with lung cancer was disrupted following thoracotomy. TAES administration increased the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells, the protein expression levels of interleukin (IL) 2 and interferon g, the mRNA expression levels of T bet and RAR related orphan receptor gt, and decreased the percentage of Th2 cells, IL 10 protein expression levels, and GATA binding protein 3 mRNA expression levels. The results of the present study demonstrated that TAES was able to partially attenuate the postoperative immune depression of patients with lung cancer, by regulating the balance of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells, and the expression levels of related cytokines and transcription factors; therefore, TAES may be considered to be a promising strategy for treating postoperative immune dysfunction in patients with lung cancer.
[SONG's theory on mast cells and meridian acupoint and its research prospect]
Venue: Zhongguo zhen jiu Chinese acupuncture moxibustion

The historical origin of researches regarding acupuncture and mast cells (MCs) is reviewed, and the hypothesis that dermal MCs might be correlated with the acupuncture phenomena proposed by SONG Jimei in 1977 is introduced. This hypothesis, for the first time, suggests MCs could be the cellular basis of meridian sensation and arrival of qi (deqi) of acupoints. With independent tests of several research institutes, currently sufficient evidences prove the scientific values of SONG's theory as well as its potential values for the basic research and clinical practice of acupuncture. It is reported recently that MCs might receive signals from central nerve system and acupoint stimulation, showing cross talk effects, therefore, MCs can be sensitized at acupoints. In this paper, with a review of 40 year research evidence, 15 biological characteristics regarding mast cells and acupuncture phenomena are identified, in the meanwhile, 10 key questions and research direction, including the distribution of MCs in skin and its general relationship with meridian acupoint, etc. are proposed.
Impact of Multi Micronutrient Fortified Rice on Hemoglobin, Iron and Vitamin A Status of Cambodian Schoolchildren: a Double Blind Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Venue: Nutrients

In Cambodia, micronutrient deficiencies remain a critical public health problem. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of multi micronutrient fortified rice (MMFR) formulations, distributed through a World Food Program school meals program (WFP SMP) on the hemoglobin concentrations and iron and vitamin A (VA) status of Cambodian schoolchildren. The FORISCA UltraRice+NutriRice study was a double blind, cluster randomized, placebo controlled trial. Sixteen schools participating in WFP SMP were randomly assigned to receive extrusion fortified rice (UltraRice Original, UltraRice New (URN) or NutriRice) or unfortified rice (placebo) six days a week for six months. Four additional schools not participating in WFP SMP were randomly selected as controls. A total of 2440 schoolchildren (6 16 years old) participated in the biochemical study. Hemoglobin, iron status, estimated using inflammation adjusted ferritin and transferrin receptors concentrations, and VA status, assessed using inflammation adjusted retinol binding protein concentration, were measured at the baseline, as well as at three and six months. Baseline prevalence of anemia, depleted iron stores, tissue iron deficiency, marginal VA status and VA deficiency were 15.6% 1.4% 51.0% 7.9% and 0.7% respectively. The strongest risk factors for anemia were hemoglobinopathy, VA deficiency, and depleted iron stores (all p 0.01) After six months, children receiving NutriRice and URN had 4 and 5 times less risk of low VA status, respectively, in comparison to the placebo group. Hemoglobin significantly increased +0.8 g/L) after three months for the URN group in comparison to the placebo group; however, this difference was no longer significant after six months, except for children without inflammation. MMFR containing VA effectively improved the VA status of schoolchildren. The impact on hemoglobin and iron status was limited, partly by sub clinical inflammation. MMFR combined with non nutritional approaches addressing anemia and inflammation should be further investigated.
Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Green Coconut Fiber HDPE Composites

Natural fibers have become alternative to researcher as an alternative reinforcement for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the optimum combination of process parameters to maximize the mechanical characteristics viz. Tensile strength, Flexural strength and Impact strength respectively using Taguchi method and utility concept. In fact the traditional Taguchi method cannot solve a multi objective optimization problem; to overcome this limitation utility concept has been coupled with Taguchi method. Test specimens are prepared by injection molding technique as per L9 orthogonal array in Taguchi's Design of experiments, the process parameters considered are percentage fiber weight fraction wtf) and fiber length (Fl) The individual performance characteristic of the composite material has been transformed to corresponding utility values. Individual utility values have been aggregated to compute the overall utility, which serves as representative objective function for optimization using Taguchi method. Based on the Taghuchi's Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) analysis has been made on the overall utility degree and optimal process parameters has been selected finally which corresponding to highest S/N ratio. Optimal results have been verified through confirmatory test.
Glycolytic regulation of cell rearrangement in angiogenesis
Venue: Nature communications

During vessel sprouting, endothelial cells (ECs) dynamically rearrange positions in the sprout to compete for the tip position. We recently identified a key role for the glycolytic activator PFKFB3 in vessel sprouting by regulating cytoskeleton remodelling, migration and tip cell competitiveness. It is, however, unknown how glycolysis regulates EC rearrangement during vessel sprouting. Here we report that computational simulations, validated by experimentation, predict that glycolytic production of ATP drives EC rearrangement by promoting filopodia formation and reducing intercellular adhesion. Notably, the simulations correctly predicted that blocking PFKFB3 normalizes the disturbed EC rearrangement in high VEGF conditions, as occurs during pathological angiogenesis. This interdisciplinary study integrates EC metabolism in vessel sprouting, yielding mechanistic insight in the control of vessel sprouting by glycolysis, and suggesting anti glycolytic therapy for vessel normalization in cancer and non malignant diseases.
76 European facts and the global status report on road safety 2015

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of premature death in young people aged 5 29 years in the WHO European Region. The Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 2020 was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 to reduce the global toll of road traffic injuries by 2020.  This fact sheet describes the status of road safety in 52 out of the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region, representing 95% of the Region's population. Experts from several sectors in each country reached consensus to complete a self administered questionnaire. Furthermore, an independent expert analysis of national legislative documents was conducted.  In 2013, there were almost 85 000 deaths from road traffic injuries in the WHO European Region. Although the regional mortality rate is the lowest when compared to other WHO regions, with 9.3 deaths per 100 000 population, there are wide disparities in the rates of road traffic deaths between countries of the Region. This requires more systematic efforts if the global target of a 50% reduction in road crash deaths is to be achieved by 2020. Laws and practices on key risk factors such as regulating speed appropriate to road type, drink driving, and use of seat belts, motorcycle helmets and child restraints are assessed to reduce the risk of road traffic injury. While 95% of the population in the Region is covered by comprehensive laws in line with best practice for seat belts, only 47% of the population is adequately protected by laws for speed, 45% for helmet use, 33% for drink driving and 71% for use of child restraints.  Many countries need to further strengthen their road safety legislation and enforcement in order to protect their populations, improve road user behaviour and reduce the number of crashes. Much can be gained from improving the safety of vehicles, having better road infrastructure and promoting sustainable physically active forms of mobility as alternatives to car use. Concerted policy efforts with systems approaches are needed to protect all road users in the Region.
On Line Event Driven Scheduling for Electric Vehicle Charging via Park and Charge
Venue: 2016 IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

Large scale charging stations become indispensable infrastructure to support the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles. Their operation modes have drawn great attention from both academia and industry. One promising mode called park and charge has been recently introduced. This new mode allows customers to park their electric vehicles at a parking lot, where the vehicles are charged during the parking time. Several small scale experiments, such as the V Charge project and General Motors' E Motor plant, have demonstrated its potential. A key enabler for deploying this mode to large scale stations is effective and efficient charging load scheduling methods. Most existing works confine to the time driven scheduling policy due to their sole focus on the charging service. Applying their solutions to the park and charge mode would jeopardize the unitization of charging resource or cause frequent charging mode switching. This inapplicability motivates us to explore the feasibility and benefits of exploiting the event driven scheduling policy in park and charge systems. Further, to better characterize charging load in this mode, we propose to adopt a metered model, by which a system gains value in proportion to the served charging demand. To be specific, the objective of this paper is to carry out both theoretical and experimental analysis for event driven algorithms adapted to this metered model. We leverage both the competitive analysis and resource augmentation to demonstrate the non constant and constant performance bounds for the earliest deadline first and highest value first algorithms respectively. Moreover, we provide a stronger theoretical result, i.e. the performance bound for the whole class of work conserving scheduling algorithms. Through extensive simulations, we validate the proposed theoretical results and further provide interesting findings from the in depth analysis of the simulation results.
An Overview of the GTAP 9 Data Base

This paper provides an overview of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base and its latest release, version 9. The GTAP Data Base has been used in thousands of economy wide analyses over the past twenty five years. While initially focused on supporting trade policy analysis, the addition of satellite accounts pertaining to greenhouse gas emissions and land use has resulted in a surge of applications relating to climate change as well as other environmental issues. The Data Base comprises an exhaustive set of accounts measuring the value of annual flows of goods and services with regional and sectoral detail for the entire world economy. These flows include bilateral trade, transport, and protection matrices that link individual country/regional economic datasets. Version 9 disaggregates 140 regions, 57 sectors, 8 factors of production, for 3 base years (2004, 2007 and 2011) The great success enjoyed by this Data Base stems from the collaboration efforts by many parties interested in improving the quality of economic analysis of global policy issues related to trade, economic development, energy and the environment.
The GTAP Power Data Base: Disaggregating the Electricity Sector in the GTAP Data Base

Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are ubiquitous in energy and environmental economic research. Recent technological advancements in electricity fuels, generation technologies, and environmental policies which target specific generation technologies (e.g. emission regulations) have motivated detailed CGE modeling of the electricity sector. Modeling these issues requires distinct electricity generating technologies in a CGE database. Researchers using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Data Base have disaggregated the electricity sector into generating technologies independently using largely disparate, incomparable methodologies. This paper presents the methodology used to create the GTAP Power Data Base, an electricity detailed extension of the GTAP 9 Data Base with the following disaggregated electricity sectors: transmission and distribution, nuclear, coal, gas, hydroelectric, wind, oil, solar, and other. Gas, oil, and hydroelectric are further differentiated as base and peak load. The "bottom up" data are electricity generation and levelized input costs for each technology and region. The levelized input costs for each technology are estimated to be as close as possible to the original data, but consistent with the original GTAP 9 Data Base. Major limitations in the initial version of the GTAP Power Data Base are the lack of regional coverage in input cost data and disparity between available data and the total values for the electricity aggregate. All of the GTAP 9 Data Base is included in the GTAP Power Data Base.
MultiDarkLens Simulations: weak lensing light cones and data base presentation

In this paper we present a large data base of weak lensing light cones constructed using different snapshots from the Big MultiDark simulation (BigMDPL) The ray tracing through different multiple plane has been performed with the GLAMER code accounting both for single source redshifts and for sources distributed along the cosmic time. This first paper presents weak lensing forecasts and results according to the geometry of the VIPERS W1 and VIPERS W4 field of view. Additional fields will be available on our data base and new ones can be run upon request. Our data base also contains some tools for lensing analysis. In this paper we present results for convergence power spectra, one point and high order weak lensing statistics useful for forecasts and for cosmological studies. Covariance matrices have also been computed for the different realizations of the W1 and W4 fields. In addition we compute also galaxy shear and projected density contrasts for different halo masses at two lens redshift according to the CFHTLS source redshift distribution both using stacking and cross correlation techniques, finding very good agreement.
GENERAL IMPACTS OF INTEGRATING ADVANCED AND MODERN TECHNOLOGIES ON TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Technology has always played a key role in General and ESP (English for Specific Purposes)language learning and teaching. Currently the range of technologies being used in classrooms all over the globe for Language Learning and Teaching (LLT) has become very diverse, and some which have become central to language practice are briefly described in this paper. Since English is the most commonly 'learned' and 'taught' second/foreign language around the world, this paper intends to explore how advanced and modern technologies are used to support the process of English language teaching and learning for those at various stages of education. Furthermore, it presents and compares some of the innovative and novel approaches that are being explored and applied in order to improve methods of English language development and satisfy the current needs of the young generation in a highly competitive world.
Lip Detection and Lip Geometric Feature Extraction using Constrained Local Model for Spoken Language Identification using Visual Speech Recognition

The aim of our research is to guess the language of spoken utterance by using the cues from visual speech recognition i.e. from movement of lips. The first step towards this task is to detect lips form face image and then to extract various geometric features of lip shape in order to guess the utterance.  This paper presents the methodology for detecting lips from face images using constrained local model (CLM) and then extracting the geometric features of lip shape. The two steps involved in lip detection are CLM model building and CLM search. For extracting lip geometric features, twenty feature points are defined on lips and lip height, width, area are defined using these twenty feature points.  CLM model is build using images from FGnet Talking face video database and tested using images from FGnet Talking face video database and also using other images. The detection accuracy is more for FGnet images as compare to other images. Feature vector defining the lip shape consists of geometric parameters like height, width and area of inner and outer lip contours. Feature vector is calculated for all test images after detecting lips from face image. So the error in detecting lips leads to the error in feature vector. This indicates the speaker dependency of visual speech recognition systems.  The proposed approach is useful in visual speech recognition for lip detection and feature extraction. Minimizing the speaker dependency and generalizing the approach should be considered for further improvements.