nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethical Tensions in the Pain Management of an End Stage Cancer Patient with Evidence of Opioid Medication Diversion
Venue: HEC forum an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals' ethical and legal issues

At the end of life, pain management is commonly a fundamental part of the treatment plan for patients where curative measures are no longer possible. However, the increased recognition of opioid diversion for secondary gain coupled with efforts to treat patients in the home environment towards the end of life creates the potential for ethical dilemmas in the palliative care management of terminal patients in need of continuous pain management. We present the case of an end stage patient with rectal cancer who required a continuous residential narcotic infusion of fentanyl for pain control due to metastatic disease. His functional status was such that he had poor oral intake and ability to perform other activities of daily living, but was able to live at home with health agency nursing care. The patient presented to this institution with a highly suspect history of having lost his fentanyl infusion in a residential accident and asking for a refill to continue home therapy. The treating physicians had concerns of diversion of the infusion medication by caregivers and were reluctant to continue the therapeutic relationship with the patient. This case exemplifies the tension that can exist between wanting to continue with palliative care management of an end stage patient and the fear of providers when confronted by evidence of potential diversion of opioid analgesic medications. We elucidate how an ethical framework based on a combination of virtue and narrative/relationship theories with reference to proportionality can guide physicians to a pragmatic resolution of these difficult situations.
Practice guideline update summary: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache
Venue: Neurology

To update the 2008 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guidelines regarding botulinum neurotoxin for blepharospasm, cervical dystonia (CD) headache, and adult spasticity.  We searched the literature for relevant articles and classified them using 2004 AAN criteria.  (onaBoNT A) and incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT A) are probably effective and should be considered (Level B) AbobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNT A) is possibly effective and may be considered (Level C) CD: AboBoNT A and rimabotulinumtoxinB (rimaBoNT B) are established as effective and should be offered (Level A) and onaBoNT A and incoBoNT A are probably effective and should be considered (Level B) Adult spasticity: AboBoNT A, incoBoNT A, and onaBoNT A are established as effective and should be offered (Level A) and rimaBoNT B is probably effective and should be considered (Level B) for upper limb spasticity. AboBoNT A and onaBoNT A are established as effective and should be offered (Level A) for lower limb spasticity.  OnaBoNT A is established as effective and should be offered to increase headache free days (Level A) and is probably effective and should be considered to improve health related quality of life (Level B) in chronic migraine. OnaBoNT A is established as ineffective and should not be offered for episodic migraine (Level A) and is probably ineffective for chronic tension type headaches (Level B)
Comparative genomic analyses reveal broad diversity in botulinum toxin producing Clostridia
Venue: BMC Genomics

BackgroundClostridium botulinum is a diverse group of bacteria characterized by the production of botulinum neurotoxin. Botulinum neurotoxins are classified into serotypes (BoNT/A G) which are produced by six species/Groups of Clostridia, but the genetic background of the bacteria remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to use comparative genomics to provide insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of bacteria that produce the potent botulinum neurotoxin.ResultsComparative genomic analyses of over 170 Clostridia genomes, including our draft genome assemblies for 59 newly sequenced Clostridia strains from six continents and publicly available genomic data, provided in depth insights into the diversity and distribution of BoNT producing bacteria. These newly sequenced strains included Group I and II strains that express BoNT/A,/B,/E, or/F as well as bivalent strains. BoNT producing Clostridia and closely related Clostridia species were delineated with a variety of methods including 16S rRNA gene, concatenated marker genes, core genome and concatenated multi locus sequencing typing (MLST) gene phylogenies that related whole genome sequenced strains to publicly available strains and sequence types. These analyses illustrated the phylogenetic diversity in each Group and the diversity of genomic backgrounds that express the same toxin type or subtype. Comparisons of the botulinum neurotoxin genes did not identify novel toxin types or variants.ConclusionsThis study represents one of the most comprehensive analyses of whole genome sequence data for Group I and II BoNT producing strains. Read data and draft genome assemblies generated for 59 isolates will be a resource to the research community. Core genome phylogenies proved to be a powerful tool for differentiating BoNT producing strains and can provide a framework for the study of these bacteria. Comparative genomic analyses of Clostridia species illustrate the diversity of botulinum neurotoxin producing strains and the plasticity of the genomic backgrounds in which bont genes are found.
Downlink coverage probability in a finite network of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base stations
Venue: 2016 IEEE 17th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC)

In this paper, we model a finite network of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) base stations as a uniform binomial point process (BPP) and derive exact expression for the coverage probability of a target receiver located on the ground. For cell selection, the target receiver is assumed to connect to the closest UAV. Since Rayleigh fading assumption is not quite reasonable in this case, the convenient exponential form of the resulting channel power gain cannot be used to reduce coverage probability expression into an easy to use form. Therefore, we also derive a simple yet accurate approximation for coverage probability by capturing the effect of dominant interferer exactly while carefully approximating the aggregate interference from the rest of the UAVs. Our analysis exposes several interesting system performance trends, such as the fact that the coverage probability decreases with the increase in the height of the UAVs.
Efficient Deployment of Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Optimal Wireless Coverage
Venue: IEEE Communications Letters

In this letter, the efficient deployment of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) acting as wireless base stations that provide coverage for ground users is analyzed. First, the downlink coverage probability for UAVs as a function of the altitude and the antenna gain is derived. Next, using circle packing theory, the 3 D locations of the UAVs is determined in a way that the total coverage area is maximized while maximizing the coverage lifetime of the UAVs. Our results show that, in order to mitigate interference, the altitude of the UAVs must be properly adjusted based on the beamwidth of the directional antenna as well as coverage requirements. Furthermore, the minimum number of UAVs needed to guarantee a target coverage probability for a given geographical area is determined. Numerical results evaluate various tradeoffs.
Impact of inertia emulation control of grid scale BESS on power system frequency response
Venue: 2016 International Conference for Students on Applied Engineering (ICSAE)

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) becomes important for many applications, including frequency regulation and control. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of all the electro mechanical chemical variables involved in improving the system frequency response. It also evaluates the impact of including inertial emulation control of grid scale BESS on the system frequency response of classical transmission systems. In order to investigate this impact, several simulations case studies are carried out, with different sudden generation outages and load disturbances with different power supply capacities. All case studies are combined with time domain events to inspect the dynamic behavior of the frequency response of grid scale battery. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inertial response to design a set of algorithms to control the output of the inertial controller.
Investigation on grid scale BESS providing inertial response support
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON)

The importance of Energy Storages System (ESS) without a doubt is started to compete for the importance of Renewable Energy System (RES) nowadays and in the near future. ESS such as grid scale batteries has the advantage of storing energy and provides many other services and functionalities to the power system. This paper investigates the effect of installing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) on grid level transmission system to support fast Inertial Frequency Response (IR) Details of the BESS modeling are presented in this paper. The main contribution is to demonstrate that inertial response provided by BESS can create change to the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) providing frequency support and improving the system frequency response. A simple test system is used to investigate the effect of the inertial controller in BESS to support the system frequency response. Many time domain simulation tests using DIgSILENT PowerFactory are carried out to evaluate the effect of installing BESS with inertial response enabled. The time domain simulations are conducted to demonstrate the system frequency responses considering: (i) gain of the inertial controller (ii) different sizes of disturbances, (iii) system robustness.
Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta analysis of fMRI studies
Venue: Molecular Psychiatry

Classical Pavlovian fear conditioning remains the most widely employed experimental model of fear and anxiety, and continues to inform contemporary pathophysiological accounts of clinical anxiety disorders. Despite its widespread application in human and animal studies, the neurobiological basis of fear conditioning remains only partially understood. Here we provide a comprehensive meta analysis of human fear conditioning studies carried out with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) yielding a pooled sample of 677 participants from 27 independent studies. As a distinguishing feature of this meta analysis, original statistical brain maps were obtained from the authors of 13 of these studies. Our primary analyses demonstrate that human fear conditioning is associated with a consistent and robust pattern of neural activation across a hypothesized genuine network of brain regions resembling existing anatomical descriptions of the 'central autonomic interoceptive network' This finding is discussed with a particular emphasis on the neural substrates of conscious fear processing. Our associated meta analysis of functional deactivations a scarcely addressed dynamic in fMRI fear conditioning studies also suggests the existence of a coordinated brain response potentially underlying the 'safety signal' (that is, non threat) processing. We attempt to provide an integrated summary on these findings with the view that they may inform ongoing studies of fear conditioning processes both in healthy and clinical populations, as investigated with neuroimaging and other experimental approaches.
Digital based interleaving control for GaN based MHz CRM totem pole PFC
Venue: 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

In this paper, the performance of different interleaving control methods for gallium nitride (GaN) devices based MHz critical conduction mode (CRM) totem pole power factor correction (PFC) circuit is compared. Both closed loop interleaving and open loop interleaving are good for low frequency CRM PFC; but for MHz very high frequency CRM PFC with microcontroller (MCU) implementation, open loop interleaving outperforms closed loop interleaving with small and non amplified phase error. After software optimization, the phase error of open loop interleaving is smaller than 3 degree at 1MHz, when the control is implemented by 60MHz low cost MCU. Significant ripple cancellation effect and differential mode (DM) filter size reduction is achieved with good interleaving. For a 1.2kW MHz totem pole PFC, the DM filter size is reduced to one quarter compared to the counterpart of a 100kHz PFC. Last but not least, the stability of open loop interleaving is also analyzed indicating that the MHz CRM totem pole PFC with voltage mode control, open loop interleaving, and turn on instant synchronization can maintain critical mode operation with better stability compared to low frequency CRM PFC.
Predictors of spelling and writing skills in first and second language learners

Cognitive and linguistic components related to spelling and writing in English as a second language (ESL) and native English speaking (EL1) third graders were examined. ESL and EL1 children performed similarly on rapid naming, phonological awareness (PA) verbal short term and working memory, reading fluency, single word spelling, text spelling, handwriting fluency, and paragraph writing fluency tasks, and on writing quality indices. ESL children scored lower on vocabulary, syntactic awareness and decoding fluency measures. PA predicted single word spelling for EL1 and PA and rapid naming predicted single word spelling for ESL. PA and rapid naming contributed to text level spelling across groups. Rapid naming and syntactic awareness predicted writing quality (content and structure) for ESL children, but syntactic awareness and oral vocabulary predicted writing quality for EL1. Transcription predicted overall writing achievement for ESL, but transcription, vocabulary, and syntactic awareness were all important to overall writing ability for EL1. Results are discussed in relation to the componential model of writing in a first or a second language.
The Effect of Task Based Language Teaching on Writing Skills of EFL Learners in Malaysia

This quasi experimental study has validated the effectiveness of Task Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in promoting writing skills of EFL learners enrolled in undergraduate programs at public sector Malaysian universities. TBLT is emerging as an essential part of curricula in language pedagogies in several countries around the globe and advocated by prominent SLA researchers along with ELT practitioners. In current study research participants were divided into an experimental and a control group. The data were collected following a Mixed Method Research paradigm during pretest and posttest. A Paired Samples T test was used to determine the statistical significance of the learners' scores in pretest as compared to the posttest. The vast majority of the learners opined in their reflective journal that TBLT was the most interesting and a learner centered approach enabling learners to use their existing linguistic resources. The use of existing linguistic resources is a fundamental principle of TBLT as it leads the EFL learners to be fluent and confident users of English language both inside and outside the classroom in real life situations.
The Developmental Origins of Selective Social Learning
Venue: Current directions in psychological science

The study of children's social learning is a topic of central importance to our understanding of human development. Learning from others allows children to acquire information efficiently; however, not all information conveyed by others is accurate or worth learning. A large body of research conducted over the past decade has shown that preschoolers learn selectively from some individuals over others. In the present article, we summarize our work and that of others on the developmental origins of selective social learning during infancy. The results of these studies indicate that infants are sensitive to a number of cues, including competence, age, and confidence, when deciding from whom to learn. We highlight the important implications of this research for our understanding of the cognitive and social skills necessary for selective learning and point out promising avenues for future research.
What Drives the Development of Social Inequality Over the Life Course? The German TwinLife Study
Venue: Twin Research and Human Genetics

The German twin family study 'TwinLife' was designed to enhance our understanding of the development of social inequalities over the life course. The interdisciplinary project investigates mechanisms of social inequalities across the lifespan by taking into account psychological as well as social mechanisms, and their genetic origin as well as the interaction and covariation between these factors. Main characteristics of the study are: (1) a multidimensional perspective on social inequalities, (2) the assessment of developmental trajectories in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood in a longitudinal design by using (3) a combination of a multi cohort cross sequential and an extended twin family design, while (4) capturing a large variation of behavioral and environmental factors in a representative sample of about 4,000 German twin families. In the present article, we first introduce the theoretical and empirical background of the TwinLife study, and second, describe the design, content, and implementation of TwinLife. Since the data will be made available as scientific use file, we also illustrate research possibilities provided by this project to the scientific community.
Gender Differences in the Developmental Links Between Conduct Problems and Depression Across Early Adolescence.
Venue: Journal of research on adolescence the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence

Various developmental models have attempted to explain the relationship between antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms in youth, often proposing intermediary processes such as social and academic functioning. However, few studies have tested these developmental models fully, particularly in mixed gender samples. The current study strives to fill this gap in the literature, examining these processes in an early adolescent sample. Results indicated both direct and indirect paths between antisocial behavior and depression. In addition, potentially important gender differences were found. These results underscore the importance of examining direct and indirect links between symptoms of depression and anti social behavior, and suggest that there may be important developmental differences between girls and boys in the relationship between these symptoms.
Effects of coffee consumption on serum uric acid: systematic review and meta analysis.
Venue: Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism

Study results on the effects of coffee consumption on serum uric acid (UA) have been conflicting. The aim of this study is to analyze the literature regarding the effect of coffee consumption on serum UA.  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and KoreaMed for all articles published before January 2015. Studies with quantitative data on coffee consumption and serum UA level were included. Coffee consumption and serum UA level were identified with/without the risk of gout.  Nine studies published between 1999 and 2014 were included, containing a total of 175,310 subjects. Meta analysis demonstrated that coffee has a significantly lowering effect on serum UA, where there are gender differences in the amount of coffee required to lower serum UA. Women (4 6 cups/day) need more coffee to lower serum UA than men (1 3 cups/day) Meta analysis showed that coffee intake of 1 cup/day or more was significantly associated with reduction of the risk of gout, with a negative correlation with the amount of daily coffee intake for both genders.  This is the first systematic review on the effects of coffee consumption on serum UA. Based on our study, moderate coffee intake might be advocated for primary prevention of hyperuricemia and gout in both genders.
Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance
Venue: European journal of sport science

Caffeine and coffee are widely used among active individuals to enhance performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of acute coffee (COF) and caffeine anhydrous (CAF) intake on strength and sprint performance. Fifty four resistance trained males completed strength testing, consisting of one rep max (1RM) and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) at 80% of 1RM for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP) Participants then completed five, 10 second cycle ergometer sprints separated by one minute of rest. Peak power (PP) and total work (TW) were recorded for each sprint. At least 48 hours later, participants returned and ingested a beverage containing CAF (300 mg flat dose; yielding 3 5 mg/kg bodyweight) COF (8.9 g; 303 mg caffeine) or placebo (PLA; 3.8 g non caloric flavouring) 30 minutes before testing. LP 1RM was improved more by COF than CAF (p .04) but not PLA (p .99) Significant interactions were not observed for BP 1RM, BP RTF, or LP RTF (p .05) There were no sprint x treatment interactions for PP or TW (p .05) 95% confidence intervals revealed a significant improvement in sprint 1 TW for CAF, but not COF or PLA. For PLA, significant reductions were observed in sprint 4 PP, sprint 2 TW, sprint 4 TW, and average TW; significant reductions were not observed with CAF or COF. Neither COF nor CAF improved strength outcomes more than PLA, while both groups attenuated sprint power reductions to a similar degree. Coffee and caffeine anhydrous may be considered suitable pre exercise caffeine sources for high intensity exercise.
Dietary Phytochemicals in Neuroimmunoaging: A New Therapeutic Possibility for Humans?
Venue: Front. Pharmacol.

Although several efforts have been made in the search for genetic and epigenetic patterns linked to diseases, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanisms underlying pathological phenotypic plasticity is still far from being clarified. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two of the major triggers of the epigenetic alterations occurring in chronic pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made to realize that chronic, low grade inflammation is one of the major risk factor underlying brain aging. Accumulated data strongly suggest that phytochemicals from fruits, vegetables, herbs, and spices may exert relevant immunomodulatory and/or anti inflammatory activities in the context of brain aging. Starting by the evidence that a common denominator of aging and chronic degenerative diseases is represented by inflammation, and that several dietary phytochemicals are able to potentially interfere with and regulate the normal function of cells, in particular neuronal components, aim of this review is to summarize recent studies on neuroinflammaging processes and proofs indicating that specific phytochemicals may act as positive modulators of neuroinflammatory events. In addition, critical pathways involved in mediating phytochemicals effects on neuroinflammaging were discussed, exploring the real impact of these compounds in preserving brain health before the onset of symptoms leading to inflammatory neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.