nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Decision Making Model for Addressing Problematic Behaviors in Counseling Students

Gatekeeping is the subject of continued discourse in the counseling profession. With revisions to the ACA Code of Ethics (American Counseling Association, 2014) recent litigation (Keeton v. Anderson Wiley, 2010; Ward v. Wilbanks, 2009) and focused attention on value conflicts in counseling (Francis Dugger, 2014) counselor educators' role as gatekeepers is expanding. In addition to this expanding role, counselor educators are responsible for being culturally and developmentally sensitive in interpreting, applying, and enforcing the codes and standards with counseling students. This article proposes a decision making model that integrates feminist, multicultural, systems theory, and social constructivist ethical decision making principles to address problematic behaviors in counseling students.
Factors that are key influences to effective interprofessional collaborative child protection decision making and practice social workers' perceptions

Social work practitioner knowledge and understanding of interprofessional collaborative child protection decision making and practice is critical to addressing the incessant concerns about failings of social workers in their statutory lead role and to informing ongoing social work policy reforms regarding new directions for practice and training. This study investigated what social workers perceive as key influences to effective interprofessional collaborative child protection practice as well as the social workers perceptions of decision making during this process. Combining elements of two systems models, Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) learning together systems model (SCIE, 2012) and Falkov's systemic family focussed model (Falkov, 2013) a constructivist interpretivist qualitative research design was adopted. Two qualitative research methods were employed: semi structured interviews were conducted with 16 social workers and direct, non participant, observations were carried out at 20 child protection meetings. Findings were later compared using a triangulation protocol to explore convergence between the two strands of data, and to ensure rigour and trustworthiness in the study. This study found that the effectiveness of interprofessional collaborative child protection decision making and practice, as perceived by social workers, and the systematic identification and the systemic understanding are determined by four factors: multi level relationship influences; multi level organisational influences; external influences and decision making influences. Multi level relationship influences are located at three different spheres: professionals' relationship influences; lead social workers' relationship influences and family members' relationships influences. The multi level organisational influences are also located within the interaction of three organisational levels: professionals, lead social workers and family members. Within each of these influences are 'barriers' and 'enablers' which can also be systematically identified and systemically understood. A number of key contributions to knowledge and originality were identified including: the development of a visual unified systemic conceptual model illustrating the systemic interaction between the various influences; evidence of the centrality of multi level relationship influences; evidence of the use of discretional intuitive multiple professional judgements and decision making criteria iv The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that research focused on social workers' knowledge and understanding of interprofessional collaborative child protection decision making and practice, as the lead professionals, proposes a conceptual model for the systematic identification of child protection concerns and the systemic understanding of this process, with some degree of discretion in professional judgement and decision making.
Study of mild cognitive impairment by applying Kolkata cognitive screening battery in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in India

Several prospective, large, population based cohort studies have found that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) This study was aimed to determine the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and MCI with respect to age of onset, duration, other co morbidities, complications of diabetes and the effect of HbA1c on MCI, using Kolkata cognitive screening battery.  From 1 st December 2014 to 31 st May 2015 a unicentric, case control study was designed to include patients attending the medicine outpatient clinic of LTMGH as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The cognition was assessed by Kolkata cognitive screening battery and the scores were compared with control subjects to rule out cognitive decline. A score below 110 was taken as the cut off for identifying the significantly impaired.  50 patients were included in study (mean age 57.02 years) The mean MCI score was 100.58 in the diabetic group, which was significantly less as compared to 123.35 as seen in the control group. Object naming test was the least affected. Furthermore, MCI had positive significant correlation (p 0.05)  There is a strong correlation of MCI with HbA1c. This implies that control of diabetes may help improve cognition and help in better management of diabetes as MCI disrupts the individual's lifestyle and interferes with day to day activities. The results of our study warrant future research to improve our understanding regarding MCI and its correlation with diabetes.
Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk.
Venue: Drug and alcohol dependence

The personality traits of positive and negative urgency refer to the tendencies to act rashly when experiencing unusually positive or negative emotions, respectively.  The authors review recent empirical work testing urgency theory (Cyders and Smith, 2008a) and consider advances in theory related to these traits.  Empirical findings indicate that (a) the urgency traits are particularly important predictors of the onset of, and increases in, substance use in both children and young adults; (b) they appear to operate in part by biasing psychosocial learning; (c) pubertal onset is associated with increases in negative urgency, which in turn predict increases in adolescent drinking behavior; (d) variation in negative urgency trait levels are associated with variations in the functioning of an identified brain system; and (e) variations in the serotonin transporter gene, known to influence the relevant brain system, relate to variations in the urgency traits.  A recent model (Carver et al. 2008) proposes the urgency traits to be markers of a tendency to respond reflexively to emotion, whether through impulsive action or ill advised inaction (the latter leading to depressive symptoms) this model has received empirical support. The authors discuss new directions for research on the urgency traits.
Color image classification via quaternion principal component analysis network
Venue: Neurocomputing

The principal component analysis network (PCANet) which is one of the recently proposed deep learning architectures, achieves the state of the art classification accuracy in various datasets and reveals a simple baseline for deep learning networks. However, the performance of PCANet may be degraded when dealing with color images due to the fact that the architecture of PCANet cannot properly utilize the spatial relationship between each color channel in three dimensional color image. In this paper, a quaternion principal component analysis network (QPCANet) which extends PCANet by using quaternion theory, is proposed for color image classification. Compared to PCANet, the proposed QPCANet takes into account the spatial distribution information of RGB channels in color images and ensures larger amount of intra class invariance by using quaternion domain representation for color images. Experiments conducted on different color image datasets such as UC Merced Land Use, Georgia Tech face, CURet and Caltech 101 have revealed that the proposed QPCANet generally achieves higher classification accuracy than PCANet in color image classification task. The experimental results also verify that QPCANet has much better rotation invariance than PCANet when color image dataset contains lots of rotation information and demonstrate even a simple one layer QPCANet may obtain satisfactory accuracy when compared with two layer PCANet.
Revisitando el concepto de exclusion social: su relevancia para las politicas contra la pobreza en America Latina

La nocion de exclusion social surgio en Francia en la decada de los setenta y adquirio gran relevancia en las politicas de bienestar de la Union Europea a principio de los noventa. El concepto fue acunado por las politicas contra la pobreza en America Latina en los anos posteriores, fundamentalmente debido a la influencia de la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) El concepto de exclusion social, si bien sigue siendo considerado en la discusion sobre politicas contra la pobreza en America Latina, ha perdido relevancia durante la ultima decada. La nocion de pobreza, un clasico en esta discusion, junto a nuevos conceptos tales como vulnerabilidad, riesgo y proteccion social, se han consolidado como nociones dominantes en este campo. Este articulo se propone revisitar el concepto de exclusion social en su version mas critica, un enfoque menos explorado en America Latina. Para ello se examina la linea de trabajo desarrollada por Peter Townsend (1979 y 1997) John Veit Wilson (1998) y Ruth Levitas (2005 y 2013) argumentando que dicha nocion contiene un potencial redistributivo y transformador que no solo es relevante sino urgente de ser incorporado en las politicas contra la pobreza en el contexto latinoamericano. Se identifican cuatro caracteristicas del contexto latinoamericano que justifican la adopcion de dicho concepto de exclusion social en el debate: i) el trauma colonial y la monopolizacion de los canales de influencia, ii) la fragilidad de los sistemas de bienestar y las limitaciones para la garantia universal de derechos, iii) los deficits de ciudadania y la debilidad de los sistemas democraticos, y iv) las brechas de desigualdad. Palabras clave: Problema Social; Pobreza; Politica Social; America Latina
La persistencia de la pobreza en el Pacifico colombiano y sus factores asociados

En este trabajo se realiza un analisis de la pobreza y las desigualdades existentes en el Pacifico colombiano. Se estudian las razones por las cuales esta region se ha quedado rezagada frente a las demas. Para lo anterior, se lleva a cabo un diagnostico de la pobreza utilizando cuatro indicadores: Linea de Pobreza; Indice de Necesidades Basicas Insatisfechas; Indice de Pobreza Multidimensional; y Esfuerzo Requerido. De los resultados se infiere que independientemente del indicador empleado, la incidencia de la pobreza en el Pacifico es alta; lo es aun mas en Choco y en los municipios del Cauca. Finalmente, en la busqueda de un mejor entendimiento de la persistencia de la pobreza, se examinan brevemente aspectos como: capital humano, gasto publico y conflicto armado. La evidencia sugiere que la mayoria de municipios de la region se encuentran en una trampa espacial de pobreza.
La pobreza en Espana desde una perspectiva multidimensional

Este articulo cuantifica el nivel de pobreza multidimensional en Espana y sus comunidades autonomas con los datos proporcionados por la Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida de los anos 2008 y 2011. Se utilizan diferentes medidas de pobreza a partir de la metodologia del recuento y se presenta una propuesta para el establecimiento de lineas relativas de pobreza multidimensional. Los resultados del estudio reflejan un empeoramiento del nivel de pobreza multidimensional en Espana entre los anos 2007 y 2010, asi como un aumento en las medidas de pobreza calculadas tras la utilizacion de los umbrales relativos, tanto en el agregado nacional como en la mayor parte de sus comunidades autonomas, sin alterarse de forma notable la posicion de las comunidades en las ordenaciones de pobreza. Este empeoramiento es provocado fundamentalmente por el deterioro de los indicadores relativos al mercado de trabajo.
How do Physicians Talk and what do They Say in the Difficult Conversationswith Patients and their Loved Ones in Palliative Care? A Qualitative Study to Investigate Strategies to Help Improve Difficult Conversations

Although having difficult conversations is part of their role, many professionals feel that they are often ill equipped to deal with them. Professionals need training in how best to meet difficult questions so that the conversation can flow effectively. This study is a continuation of an earlier study on how healthcare professionals described strategies to facilitate difficult conversations.  A qualitative method with in depth interviews was chosen to acquire a deeper understanding of the participants' strategies in having these conversations. In order to strengthen the knowledge of and strategies for conducting their difficult conversations in particular, we examined the interviews with the physicians who participated in the study.  The study describes a conversation pattern to help in dealing with difficult conversations. This conversation pattern can help physicians to have conversations that flow effectively and that move in a straightforward way. The different strategic areas described in this study were:  Finding out what the patient and loved ones already know; Discuss the actual problem; Find out how the patient feels and what is most urgent for the patient to deal with; Planning for the future; and Summary. There are important factors that need to be considered in having these conversations which, in addition to the medical knowledge, include the strategies adopted by patients and families, hope, and how the family constellation might influence the conversation.  This framework for difficult conversations can be helpful for physicians to improve conversations with the patient and her/his family in their life situation where a fatal disease has influenced their life within many dimensions. Developing their conversational skills and strategies in combination with a carefully planned structure appeared to facilitate difficult conversations with patients, families and loved ones.
Bilateral cochlear implants in children: Effects of auditory experience and deprivation on auditory perception
Venue: Hearing Research

Spatial hearing skills are essential for children as they grow, learn and play. These skills provide critical cues for determining the locations of sources in the environment, and enable segregation of important sounds, such as speech, from background maskers or interferers. Spatial hearing depends on availability of monaural cues and binaural cues. The latter result from integration of inputs arriving at the two ears from sounds that vary in location. The binaural system has exquisite mechanisms for capturing differences between the ears in both time of arrival and intensity. The major cues that are thus referred to as being vital for binaural hearing are: interaural differences in time (ITDs) and interaural differences in levels (ILDs) In children with normal hearing (NH) spatial hearing abilities are fairly well developed by age 4 5 years. In contrast, most children who are deaf and hear through cochlear implants (CIs) do not have an opportunity to experience normal, binaural acoustic hearing early in life. These children may function by having to utilize auditory cues that are degraded with regard to numerous stimulus features. In recent years there has been a notable increase in the number of children receiving bilateral CIs, and evidence suggests that while having two CIs helps them function better than when listening through a single CI, these children generally perform worse than their NH peers. This paper reviews some of the recent work on bilaterally implanted children. The focus is on measures of spatial hearing, including sound localization, release from masking for speech understanding in noise and binaural sensitivity using research processors. Data from behavioral and electrophysiological studies are included, with a focus on the recent work of the authors and their collaborators. The effects of auditory plasticity and deprivation on the emergence of binaural and spatial hearing are discussed along with evidence for reorganized processing from both behavioral and electrophysiological studies. The consequences of both unilateral and bilateral auditory deprivation during development suggest that the relevant set of issues is highly complex with regard to successes and the limitations experienced by children receiving bilateral cochlear implants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled
Visual Cross Modal Re Organization in Children with Cochlear Implants
Venue: PloS one

Visual cross modal re organization is a neurophysiological process that occurs in deafness. The intact sensory modality of vision recruits cortical areas from the deprived sensory modality of audition. Such compensatory plasticity is documented in deaf adults and animals, and is related to deficits in speech perception performance in cochlear implanted adults. However, it is unclear whether visual cross modal re organization takes place in cochlear implanted children and whether it may be a source of variability contributing to speech and language outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if visual cross modal re organization occurs in cochlear implanted children, and whether it is related to deficits in speech perception performance.  Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded via high density EEG in 41 normal hearing children and 14 cochlear implanted children, aged 5 15 years, in response to apparent motion and form change. Comparisons of VEP amplitude and latency, as well as source localization results, were conducted between the groups in order to view evidence of visual cross modal re organization. Finally, speech perception in background noise performance was correlated to the visual response in the implanted children.  Distinct VEP morphological patterns were observed in both the normal hearing and cochlear implanted children. However, the cochlear implanted children demonstrated larger VEP amplitudes and earlier latency, concurrent with activation of right temporal cortex including auditory regions, suggestive of visual cross modal re organization. The VEP N1 latency was negatively related to speech perception in background noise for children with cochlear implants.  Our results are among the first to describe cross modal re organization of auditory cortex by the visual modality in deaf children fitted with cochlear implants. Our findings suggest that, as a group, children with cochlear implants show evidence of visual cross modal recruitment, which may be a contributing source of variability in speech perception outcomes with their implant.
The Method of Detecting Nearest Distance between Obstacles and Vehicle Tail Based on Binocular Vision System
Venue: 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

In order to provide auxiliary information for car parking, a strategy of detecting the nearest distance between obstacle and vehicle tail was studied based on the binocular vision system and a parking assist system was designed. The captured images processed and analyzed by using binocular vision system, the image distortion was improved by using the histogram correction method, and the influence of noise in space was eliminated by using GAUSS FILTER. Harris algorithm was used to detect the characteristic points accurately, and the feature points were matched. A kind of strategy about detecting the recent distance between obstacles and the rear of vehicle was put forward. When fitting the curve, the curve of car tail was instead by polygon approximation. The detection of closest distance between obstacles and the rear of the vehicle was accomplished by using the binocular vision principle. The distance could be used to provide useful parking information to drivers.
Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress A concise review
Venue: Saudi pharmaceutical journal SPJ the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society

Human body is continuously exposed to different types of agents that results in the production of reactive species called as free radicals (ROS/RNS) which by the transfer of their free unpaired electron causes the oxidation of cellular machinery. In order to encounter the deleterious effects of such species, body has got endogenous antioxidant systems or it obtains exogenous antioxidants from diet that neutralizes such species and keeps the homeostasis of body. Any imbalance between the RS and antioxidants leads to produce a condition known as "oxidative stress" that results in the development of pathological condition among which one is diabetes. Most of the studies reveal the inference of oxidative stress in diabetes pathogenesis by the alteration in enzymatic systems, lipid peroxidation, impaired Glutathione metabolism and decreased Vitamin C levels. Lipids, proteins, DNA damage, Glutathione, catalane and superoxide dismutase are various biomarkers of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress induced complications of diabetes may include stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. The basic aim of this review was to summarize the basics of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
TLR4 Dependent Claudin 1 Internalization and Secretagogue Mediated Chloride Secretion Regulate Irinotecan Induced Diarrhea
Venue: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics

We have previously shown increased intestinal permeability, to 4 kDa FITC dextran, in BALB/c mice treated with irinotecan. Importantly, genetic deletion of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4; Tlr4 protected against loss of barrier function, indicating that TLR4 is critical in tight junction regulation. The current study aimed (i) to determine the molecular characteristics of intestinal tight junctions in wild type and Tlr4 BALB/c mice and (ii) to characterize the secretory profile of the distal colon. Forty two female wild type and 42 Tlr4 BALB/c mice weighing between 18 and 25 g received a single 270 mg/kg [intraperitoneal (i.p. dose of irinotecan hydrochloride or vehicle control and were killed at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. The secretory profile of the distal colon, following carbachol and forksolin, was assessed using Ussing chambers at all time points. Tight junction integrity was assessed at 24 hours, when peak intestinal permeability and diarrhea were reported, using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and RT PCR. Irinotecan caused internalization of claudin 1 with focal lesions of ZO 1 and occludin proteolysis in the ileum and colon of wild type mice. Tlr4 mice maintained phenotypically normal tight junctions. Baseline conductance, a measure of paracellular permeability, was increased in irinotecan treated wild type mice at 24 hours (53.19 6.46 S/cm2; P 0.0008) No change was seen in Tlr4 mice. Increased carbachol induced chloride secretion was seen in irinotecan treated wild type and Tlr4 mice at 24 hours (wild type: 100.35 18.37 mA/cm2; P 0.022; Tlr4 102.72 18.80 mA/cm2; P 0.023) Results suggest that TLR4 dependent claudin 1 internalization and secondary anion secretion contribute to irinotecan induced diarrhea.