nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synergy between General Systems Theory and the General Systems Worldview

The founders of the general systems movement envisaged the development of a theory articulating and inter relating the principles underlying the systemic behaviours of all kinds of concrete systems. We call this theory GST* "g s t star" to disambiguate it from other uses of the term "GST" prevalent in the literature. GST* is still radically underdeveloped, but its nature can be analysed. GST* is a formal theory, because the principles of GST* would apply across all kinds of systems, that is, GST* would predict behaviours and structures of systems qua systems, without regard for the kind of system under consideration, and hence it is neutral with respect to ontology. There is a long standing controversy within the systems community about whether a GST* actually exists, whether it would be of practical value, and how its principles might be discovered. In this paper we argue by analogy from the history of science that if a GST* existed it would be highly valuable, and show that its existence is predicated on the assumption of a philosophical framework called the General Systems Worldview. We present an argument that development of the General Systems Worldview can guide us to discovery of general systems principles for a GST* and that together GST* and the GSW can ground the development of a powerful General Systems Transdiscipline, now called "General Systemology"
System Identification Method for Small Unmanned Helicopter Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper proposes a novel method for Small Unmanned Helicopter (SUH) system identification based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) In the proposed IPSO, every particle will do a local search as a "self check" before updating the global velocity and position. Then, the global best particle is created by a certain number of elitist particles in order to get a rapid rate of convergence during calculation. Thus both the diversity and convergence speed can be taken into consideration during a search. Formulated by the first principles derivation, a state space model is built for the analysis of dynamic modes of an experimental SUH. The helicopter is equipped with an Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS) and the corresponding data storage modules, which are used for flight test data measurement and recording. After data collection and reconstruction, the input and output data are utilized to determine the corresponding aerodynamic parameters of the state space model. The predictive accuracy and fidelity of the identified model are verified by making a time domain comparison between the responses from the simulation model and the responses from actual flight experiments. The results show that the characteristics of the experimental SUH can be determined accurately using the identified model and the new method can be used for SUH system identification with high efficiency and reliability.
Increasing Performance of Autopilot Guided Small Unmanned Helicopter

In this paper, autonomous performance of a small manufactured unmanned helicopter is tried to be increased. For this purpose, a small unmanned helicopter is manufactured in Erciyes University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics. It is called as ZANKA Heli I. For performance maximization, autopilot parameters are determined via minimizing a cost function consisting of flight performance parameters such as settling time, rise time, overshoot during trajectory tracking. For this purpose, a stochastic optimization method named as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation is benefited. Using this approach, considerable autonomous performance increase (around %23) is obtained.
An online identification method for small unmanned helicopter base on TVARMA model
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM)

This paper establishes an online identification algorithm which can provide the model status in real time base on TVARMA model for small unmanned helicopter. First, the TVARMA model used for describing the small unmanned helicopter is shown. After that, a recursive algorithm is elaborated to solve the parameters in the TVARMA model. Then a flight experiment data is used to identify the TVARMA model as an example, analysis and compare are made in the end to prove that the TVARMA model is accurate and this identification method is also effective.
Interfacing Automatic Proof Agents in Atelier B: Introducing "iapa"
Venue: F IDE@FM

The application of automatic theorem provers to discharge proof obligations is necessary to apply formal methods in an efficient manner. Tools supporting formal methods, such as Atelier~B, generate proof obligations fully automatically. Consequently, such proof obligations are often cluttered with information that is irrelevant to establish their validity. We present iapa, an "Interface to Automatic Proof Agents" a new tool that is being integrated to Atelier~B, through which the user will access proof obligations, apply operations to simplify these proof obligations, and then dispatch the resulting, simplified, proof obligations to a portfolio of automatic theorem provers.
Abstract Software Specifications and Automatic Proof of Refinement
Venue: RSSRail

It is common practice in critical software development, and compulsory in railway software developed according to EN 50128 standard, to separate software specification from software implementation. Verification activities should be performed to ensure that the latter is a correct refinement of the former. When the specification is formalized, for example in B method, the refinement relation can even be formally proved. In this article, we present how a similar proof of refinement can be performed at the level of the programming language used for implementation, using the SPARK technology. We describe two techniques to specify abstractly the behavior of a software component in terms of mathematical structures (sequences, sets and maps) and a methodology based on the SPARK tools to prove automatically that an efficient imperative implementation is a correct refinement of the abstract specification.
A Genetic Bankrupt Ratio Analysis Tool Using a Genetic Algorithm to Identify Influencing Financial Ratios
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation

Financial ratios are key constituents of bankruptcy models. The bankruptcy prediction accuracy substantially improves when a limited number of ratios are used. From the literature, it has been found that human expertise has been applied to select financial ratios for bankruptcy models. Different experts tend to have different opinions and hence the bankruptcy prediction results depend upon their competency levels in that domain. Accordingly, there is a need for finding a systematic method or a tool to identify the influencing ratios. This paper develops a genetic bankrupt ratio analysis tool using a genetic algorithm to identify influencing ratios from different bankruptcy models and their influences in a quantitative form. The accuracy of values of influencing ratios is validated by comparing original threshold value of the bankruptcy models. The performance of influencing ratios has been compared with other feature selection techniques and the Altman model is considered to explain the effect of the influencing ratios.
Foreign Direct Investment and Indian Economy

Globalization and liberalisation brings lots of new innovative products to the world, Foreign Direct Investment is the one among this, also there are number of different forms of FDI is available currently. Foreign Direct Investment is one and only major instrument of attracting International Economic Integration in any economy. It serves as a link between investment and saving. Many developing countries like India, are facing the deficit of savings. This problem can be solved with the help of Foreign Direct Investment. This research paper aims to examine the impact of FDI on the Indian economy, particularly after two decades of economic reforms, and analyzes the challenges to position itself favourably in the global competition for FDI. This paper also tries to find out the scenario and role and Scope of Foreign Direct Investment in India. In this paper we study the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) with respect to India and its economy. We try to analyze the merits and demerits of FDI upon implementation in the Indian domestic market.
A Combination Approach to Surgical Scars
Venue: Dermatologic surgery official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.

Scar formation from surgical procedures is an unavoidable risk. Despite measures taken by both the surgeon and patient during the perioperative and postoperative periods to maximize cosmesis, some patients will wish to pursue surgical or laser scar revision.  The authors propose a treatment algorithm to assist in approaching surgical scar revision with combination treatments.  A PubMed search was performed on various surgical scar revision techniques. The authors augment these findings with their own personal experiences.  Reports of surgical excision, intralesional corticosteroid injection, intralesional 5 fluorouracil injection, pulse dye laser treatment, nonablative fractional laser resurfacing, ablative fractional laser resurfacing, and microneedling and fractional needle radiofrequency, used in isolation or combination, were found. The authors also provide clinical photographs documenting improvement in appearance of surgical scars using these treatments.  Surgical scars are best treated with a combination approach to address various features of the scar. The authors propose a treatment algorithm with multiple treatment options and how to combine them safely and effectively.
Prediction for Disease Risk and Medical Cost using Time Series Healthcare Data
Venue: HEALTHINF

Foreseeing the medical expenditure is beneficial for both insurance companies and individuals. In this paper we propose a new methodology to predict disease risk and medical cost. Based on sequential latent dirichlet allocation (SeqLDA) which classifies hierarchical sequential data into segments of topics, we tried to predict the number of people with diseases and the one year cost of lifestyle related diseases. Using the health checkup information and medical claims of 6500 people for three years, we achieved that prediction error was less than conventional LDA, and for accuracy rate, AUC was more than 0.71. The results suggest that the SeqLDA method serve to predict the number of people with diseases and the related medical costs using time series healthcare data.
Adverse childhood experiences, poverty, and parenting stress

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with physical and mental health problems in adulthood, as well as unresolved or discordant states of mind regarding attachments that have implications for problematic parenting. Currently, there are no studies on the association between ACEs and adults' subjective experiences of stress in the parenting role, where socioeconomic status (SES) related poverty effects have been controlled for the central question behind the current study. We examined exposure to ACEs among 118 mothers (n 33 low SES/impoverished and n 85 middle/high SES) and parenting distress. Participants completed an ACE questionnaire that assessed exposure to 10 adverse experiences from childhood (e.g. abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form. Parenting distress and ACEs were significantly higher in the low SES group; yet, even after controlling for SES, higher ACE scores added significant explained variance in parental distress in a linear regression model. DISCUSSION focuses on the need to administer ACE screening in prenatal and pediatric settings to identify and to offer trauma and attachment informed treatment, so to reduce the intergenerational transmission of risk associated with problematic parenting.
The effect of music on second language pronunciation: Based on multiple intelligences theory

This research is based on the premise that the human intelligence is not a single unitary entity which determines all our learning activities; instead, it draws on the findings by Gardner and the posited taxonomy of intelligence. The Musical intelligence has been documented to be positively related to the acquisition of pronunciation. This study investigated the interplay between the Musical intelligence and learning pronunciation, along with Linguistic verbal and Visual spatial intelligences. After sampling, the sample group took a pre test of pronunciation. This test asked the learners to identify and produce sound features of English. Afterwards, there was a treatment of fifteen sessions during which phonetic features were taught to the students. These sessions incorporated mainly issues which cause problems for Persian speaking English learners. At the end of the treatment they took the post test, a pronunciation test similar to the pre test. It was concluded that the Musical intelligence is positively and significantly correlated with learning pronunciation features in the classroom; however, the other two intelligences were not found to be in correlation with learning the pronunciation materials presented in the class.
Ethanol Extract, Ethyl Acetate Extract, Ethyl Acetate Fraction, and n Heksan Fraction Mangosteen Peels (Garcinia mangostana L. As Source of Bioactive Substance Free Radical Scavengers

Mangosteen peels (Garcinia mangostana L. is well known as an excellent source of antioxidative compounds. The name of mangosteen is xanthone. Antioxidant of mangosteen peels can be extracted by ethanol, etyl acetate and can be fractinated by etyl acetate and n hexane. The aim of this research was to compare the antioxidant activity of the peel extract by ethanol and etyl acetate and fractinated by etyl acetate and n hexane. Extract and fraction exhibited higher scavenging activity of DPPH. The purpose of this study was to compare antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, fraction of ethyl acetate and n hexane fraction. The antioxidant activity test using DPPH method with UV Vis spectrophotometer Ethanol extract shown IC50 value 5,03 ug/mL, ethyl acetate extract shown IC50 value 41,56 ug/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction shown IC50 value 2,78 ug/mL, and n hexane fraction with IC50 22,33 ug/mL. It means peel extract and fraction by mangosteen peels has very strong antioxidant activity and ethyl acetate fraction that its antioxidant activity higher that the other solvent.
Nicotinic modulation of hippocampal cell signaling and associated effects on learning and memory
Venue: Physiology Behavior

The hippocampus is a key brain structure involved in synaptic plasticity associated with long term declarative memory formation. Importantly, nicotine and activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can alter hippocampal plasticity and these changes may occur through modulation of hippocampal kinases and transcription factors. Hippocampal kinases such as cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinases (CAMKs) extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and c jun N terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) that are activated either directly or indirectly by nicotine may modulate hippocampal plasticity and in parallel hippocampus dependent learning and memory. Evidence suggests that nicotine may alter hippocampus dependent learning by changing the time and magnitude of activation of kinases and transcription factors normally involved in learning and by recruiting additional cell signaling molecules. Understanding how nicotine alters learning and memory will advance basic understanding of the neural substrates of learning and aid in understanding mental disorders that involve cognitive and learning deficits.
Simultaneous identification of Grapholita molesta Busck and Grapholita dimorpha Komai by PCR RFLP

Although several molecular diagnostic techniques are available for the identification of the apple feeding pests Grapholita molesta Busck and Grapholita dimorpha Komai, these pests are severely affecting apple orchards in Korea. These two pests may be misidentified or the available molecular diagnostic techniques may not facilitate the simultaneous identification of the morphological features of both species. In this study, we developed a multiplex assay for these two species using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) method. Sixty two specimens were collected from apples presumed infested with moth larvae and from pheromone traps from 2013 to 2014. Both species were identified morphologically, and a partial region of the cytochrome b gene was sequenced to design primers for PCR RFLP. Digestion profiles of G. molesta and G. dimorpha, using the Sau3A1 restriction enzyme, were characterized using three DNA fragments each for G. molesta (363 bp, 91 bp and 31 bp) and G. dimorpha (220 bp, 234 bp and 31 bp) The RFLP assay developed for both species in this study was more efficient and accurate than other currently used diagnostic assays and would be helpful to identify field collected specimens for pest control research.
A systematic literature review of PTSD's latent structure in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM IV to DSM 5.
Venue: Clinical psychology review

The factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been widely researched, but consensus regarding the exact number and nature of factors is yet to be reached. The aim of the current study was to systematically review the extant literature on PTSD's latent structure in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in order to identify the best fitting model. One hundred and twelve research papers published after 1994 using confirmatory factor analysis and DSM based measures of PTSD were included in the review. In the DSM IV literature, four factor models received substantial support, but the five factor Dysphoric arousal model demonstrated the best fit, regardless of gender, measurement instrument or trauma type. The recently proposed DSM 5 PTSD model was found to be a good representation of PTSD's latent structure, but studies analysing the six and seven factor models suggest that the DSM 5 PTSD factor structure may need further alterations.
Families in transition: A literature review
Venue: International review of psychiatry

Research on the transgender population is often limited to their medical care, and in particular to their mental well being. The social and family environment in which a social gender role transition takes place is often overlooked. Although research is limited, this article reviews the existing literature on the family aspect of a gender transition. Articles regarding three different aspects were selected for this review: first, the issue of parenthood during transition and the experiences of children with a transgender parent, second, the experiences of partners and ex partners of transgender individuals, and third, the experiences of parents with a gender variant child. Articles were restricted to those with a focus on family members and situations during transition. For all three contexts, several mediating factors, both individual and social, were distinguished. Various challenges for future research were identified.
Attribute Extraction from Product Titles in eCommerce
Venue: ArXiv

This paper presents a named entity extraction system for detecting attributes in product titles of eCommerce retailers like Walmart. The absence of syntactic structure in such short pieces of text makes extracting attribute values a challenging problem. We find that combining sequence labeling algorithms such as Conditional Random Fields and Structured Perceptron with a curated normalization scheme produces an effective system for the task of extracting product attribute values from titles. To keep the discussion concrete, we will illustrate the mechanics of the system from the point of view of a particular attribute brand. We also discuss the importance of an attribute extraction system in the context of retail websites with large product catalogs, compare our approach to other potential approaches to this problem and end the paper with a discussion of the performance of our system for extracting attributes.
Cleaning and Disinfection in Dry Food Processing Facilities

A maximum level of cleanliness is indispensable in dry food processing facilities in order to comply with food safety principles. Although wet cleaning methods are very effective in removing dry food residues, it is better to avoid wet cleaning protocols because any residual moisture may support the proliferation of microorganisms. When wet cleaning is applied, a complete dry out of the dry food processing equipment is required before production resumes, which could result in considerable downtime. As a general rule, where dry particulate food products are handled, preference must be given to dry cleaning procedures. Several dry cleaning methods can be used, all with their own advantages and disadvantages. "Rinsing" the equipment with an inert crystalline product or with the product subsequently produced can be sufficient if traces of these products do not harm the quality of the next product. Brushing down, shoveling, and vacuum cleaning are acceptable methods of dry cleaning, followed by scraping to remove excessive and residual product build up. Blowing with compressed air, dry ice blasting, and blasting with granular and crystalline food products can provide effective cleaning and are suitable to dislodge sticky residues, but they need to be followed by another step to collect the soil removed from the product contact surface. Moreover, without containment, they disperse soil debris into the surrounding environment and should therefore be used with discretion. Application of wipes impregnated with alcohol based disinfectants and fumigation with hydrogen peroxide vapor, ozone, and chlorine dioxide are the preferred methods of disinfection, because they are effective and do not leave any residual water on the equipment surface.
Accuracy of pulse oximetry versus arterial blood gas in screening cyanotic heart

A study was planned To determine the performance and accuracy of pulse oximetry in children with cyanotic heart diseases compared with arterial oxygen saturation measurements from arterial blood gas analysis and to use transcutaneous pulse oximeter as the first line of non invasive investigation to diagnose cyanotic heart diseases in peripheral and rural health facilities where echocardiography may not be readily available.  This was a prospective observational study conducted in Safdarjung Hospital. Children with cyanotic congenital heart disease were enrolled the data was analyzed by using PASW Statistics version 19.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, US) Frequency and percentage was calculated for categorical variables. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for continuous variables. Chi square test and Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Correlation was assessed between ABG and SpO2.  A total number of 40 children were enrolled. There was a significant correlation between transcutaneous oxygen saturations and arterial oxygen saturation statistically.  The pulse oximeter detected oxygen saturation comparable to arterial oxygen saturation in all the patients with cyanotic heart diseases, even though most of them did not present with clinically significant cyanosis.