nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockchain Based Autonomous Selection of Electric Vehicle Charging Station
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IIKI)

This paper introduces a concept of autonomous blockchain based negotiation to select the most convenient electric vehicle charging station. The enabling blockchain technologies are well known fundament of cryptocurrencies, but offer many other possible applications areas, such as automated trusted machine to machine transactions, including auctions, bidding and payments. Compared to traditional centralized approaches, such a solution does not require any central entities and can be fully automated, including the payment for the energy. Based on e.g. the planned route, car battery status, real time traffic information and drivers' preferences, a car could request charging bids from various charging stations along the route, by executing blockchain based smart contracts related to these charging stations. It would then select the most appropriate one based on offered prices, but other input parameters could be also taken into account, e.g. waiting times, estimated charging duration and alike. The smart contract execution could be extended to reservation and payment, too. In the paper we briefly present blockchain technologies, with the focus on Ethereum, and explain the role of smart contracts. We outline the architecture of a simple system for autonomous selection for electric vehicle charging station and provide a UML model to depict the activities of the actors involved in these operations and to clarify the role and the requirements of various blockchain related entities. The aim of our research paper is to outline a possible use case for a blockchain prototype implementation. The implementation, which is not presented here, will serve for investigation of practical aspects of smart node development and operation, like transaction performance measurements, practical system requirement evaluations and comparison of reliability of various Ethereum clients. By our research we hope to support the investigation of novel applications and blending Internet of things with blockchain technologies, and in particular for elaboration of possible new use cases in the domain of electrical energy and mobility.
The effect of congruence between store design and scent on consumer responses towards fashion stores

Previous research in the environmental psychology and consumer behavior has shown positive effects of environmental features such as color, lighting and scent on consumer perceptions in retail settings. However, the effect of congruence between these environmental features in fashion stores is unknown. This study examines the effect of congruence between store design and scent on consumer responses towards fashion stores. Six moodboards of fashion stores were created, composed of a 2 (store design: dark vs. light) x 3 (scent: dark vs. light vs. neutral) between subject design with gender as moderator and processing fluency as mediator. 156 participants were asked about their perceptions regarding the store environment, the scent, intention to visit the store, emotional state (pleasure, arousal, dominance) merchandise perception, value for money and time perception. The results indicate that the use of scent positively influences consumers' evaluation of the store, value for money, time perception and the feeling of arousal. Regarding to the congruence, congruent combinations of store design and scent lead to a better evaluation of the store than incongruent combinations. The congruence in the light condition positively influences consumers' specific evaluation of the store, general scent evaluation, time perception and the feelings of pleasure and arousal. The findings provide valuable starting points for retail managers to use scent as a sensory cue in combination with the design of fashion stores as a means to attract and please consumers.
Driller: Augmenting Fuzzing Through Selective Symbolic Execution
Venue: NDSS

Memory corruption vulnerabilities are an everpresent risk in software, which attackers can exploit to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information. As products with access to sensitive data are becoming more prevalent, the number of potentially exploitable systems is also increasing, resulting in a greater need for automated software vetting tools. DARPA recently funded a competition, with millions of dollars in prize money, to further research focusing on automated vulnerability finding and patching, showing the importance of research in this area. Current techniques for finding potential bugs include static, dynamic, and concolic analysis systems, which each having their own advantages and disadvantages. A common limitation of systems designed to create inputs which trigger vulnerabilities is that they only find shallow bugs and struggle to exercise deeper paths in executables. We present Driller, a hybrid vulnerability excavation tool which leverages fuzzing and selective concolic execution in a complementary manner, to find deeper bugs. Inexpensive fuzzing is used to exercise compartments of an application, while concolic execution is used to generate inputs which satisfy the complex checks separating the compartments. By combining the strengths of the two techniques, we mitigate their weaknesses, avoiding the path explosion inherent in concolic analysis and the incompleteness of fuzzing. Driller uses selective concolic execution to explore only the paths deemed interesting by the fuzzer and to generate inputs for conditions that the fuzzer cannot satisfy. We evaluate Driller on 126 applications released in the qualifying event of the DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge and show its efficacy by identifying the same number of vulnerabilities, in the same time, as the top scoring team of the qualifying event.
A half factorial locally right Garside monoid and the inverse monoid of cofinite monotone partial bijections on \mathbb {N}$N*

The half factorial, locally right Garside monoid of cofinite monotone sequences on \mathbb {N}$N* is considered in this paper. This is a right cancellative, left rigid Mobius monoid, and this monoid directs us to the inverse monoid of cofinite monotone partial bijections on \mathbb {N}$N* In a certain sense, the polycyclic inverse monoid is a 0 analogue of this derived inverse monoid. Similarities and differences between these two inverse monoids are presented involving Mobius categories, Leech's construction, breaking processes, gauge inverse submonoids, etc.
Theoretical analysis of pool boiling characteristics of Al2O3 nanofluid according to volume concentration and nanoparticle size

To investigate the effect of volume concentration and nanoparticle size on nanofluid boiling, a simulation with various concentrations of nanofluids and nanoparticle sizes was carried out using the HFP (heat flux partitioning) model with variations in the contact angle. The CHF (critical heat flux) of the nanofluid rose more than the base fluid. When the volume concentration was 0.025 vol% and the size of the Al2O3 nanoparticles was 50 nm, the maximum critical heat flux was 1515 kW/m2 and gradually decreased with the concentration of the nanofluid. Since the Energy and K factor both improved as the Al2O3 nanofluid concentration increased, the frequency of bubble departure as well as the bubble departure diameter subsequently increased. However, the effect of nanoparticle size was not remarkable. The nucleate site density at the CHF increased from 32.97 to 30.53 site/cm2 with the increase of volume concentration at 50 nm nanoparticle size but the increase was significantly lower than that of the base fluid, which was 65.90 site/cm2. The temperature converted the natural convection boiling to the nucleate boiling increased and the dryout factor decreased as the concentration of the nanofluid increased. In addition, these parameters increased as the nanoparticle size became similar to the value for the surface roughness.
Dual wavelength optical sensor for measuring the surface area concentration and the volume concentration of aerosols

The surface area concentration and the volume concentration of aerosols can be used to detect fire smoke. However, existing optical sensors with a single wavelength source cannot measure these two concentrations accurately. In this paper, we design a sensor to measure these two concentrations with dual wavelength sources, based on the phenomenon that the surface area concentration and the volume concentration of aerosols are proportional to the scattering intensity of the different wavelength incident lights. The prototype sensor is tested by monodisperse aerosols with particle sizes ranging from 200 nm to 2000 nm. The standard measurement deviations of the surface area concentration, volume concentration and Sauter mean diameter are 11.6% 21.9% and 9.4% respectively, which are better than the results of sensors with a single wavelength source. Moreover, the Sauter mean diameter of fire smokes measured by our sensor are consistent with calibration instruments, which is helpful to resist false alarm in fire detection. With simple mechanical structure and high accuracy, this sensor is promising in fire detection and atmosphere environment monitoring.
Understanding the impact mechanism of the thermal effect on the porous silicon anode material preparation via magnesiothermic reduction

Magnesiothermic reduction of porous silica is a common method to prepare porous silicon anode materials. However, the influence of the thermal effect on the porous silicon material preparation has never been studied thoroughly. In this work, by adopting biosilica from the rice husks as the silica precursor, we study the impact mechanism of the thermal effect on the porous silicon material preparation deeply and comprehensively. It is found that the thermal effect during magnesiothermic reduction plays a very important role to maintain the nanostructure of the silica precursor. With the lower ramp rate of 1 degC min 1, less heat will accumulate and then the formation of the byproduct Mg2SiO4 as well as the agglomerative composite particles of Si and MgO with larger size can be avoided. The obtained product Si JRH 1 with the specific surface area of about 267 m2 g 1 and the pore volume of 1.1 m3 g 1 can basically maintain the interconnected nanoporous structure of the starting material of SiO2 JRH. It exhibits a reversible capacity of 1311 mA h g 1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g 1 and 1177 mA h g 1 at 4 A g 1, much higher than those of commercial graphite anodes. The impact mechanism of the thermal effect can be applied to other magnesiothermic reduction to inherit the ideal nanostructure of the silica precursor.
Main chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of stigmas and tepals of 'red gold' saffron

Crocus sativus L. (saffron) belongs to Iridaceae family which is commonly cultivated in Asia, Europe and America. The commercial product and use of saffron comes from the dried stigmas which gives a yellow color, bitter taste and intense aroma. This spice has been used since ancient times because of its aromatic, flavor and coloring properties along with its functional characteristics. Saffron is applied in many food products as well as being utilized in medical treatments. Scope and approach Lately, scholars have focused on using herbal medicine for the healing of various diseases such as, tumor and heart related disorders, along with functions such as antitussive, antioxidant, anti inflammatory and antinociceptive, antidepressing, memory enhancing and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances of experimental in vitro and in vivo investigations focused on the stigmas and tepals of saffron, chemical composition, and application of its principal ingredients (crocin, picrocrocin and saffranal) in treatment of different diseases.  Despite the main usage of saffron is for culinary purposes, it also has significant applications in pharmaceutical and clinical fields. Saffron contains a number of bioactive components which are believed to be largely responsible for its health promoting properties including treating various disorders like asthma, atherosclerosis, painful menstrual periods and even depression; its role as an antioxidant with anti cancerous and memory enhancing properties; its effectiveness at treating mild to moderate depression; and its high efficiency in lowering the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood of people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. The clinical findings suggest that saffron is a safe and effective plant. In the last decade, saffron has been studied for its unique properties to be employed within medical fields to treat many diseases.
High Precision Laser Scanning System for Three Dimensional Modeling of Saffron Flower

Because plants have nonrigid parts in various and complicated shapes and high level of variability in their shapes, they have remained one of the most difficult objects to model. Saffron is the most expensive agricultural crop and spice in the world. There is very few information about the geometric properties of saffron flower and its parts in academic resources. Because of the very low thickness of the parts of saffron flower such as petals, the extracted point clouds interfere. In this article, using reverse engineering, three dimensional (3D) data of saffron flower are extracted by employing laser scanning technology. After data pre processing and processing, the 3D model of saffron flower was developed for the first time. A novel algorithm was proposed to address the problem of interference in point cloud and to separate point cloud of the top surface and the bottom surface of the petal.  There is very few information about the geometric properties of saffron flower and its parts in academic resources. Owing to the lack of a virtual model of saffron flower, it is difficult to analyze and design a postharvesting mechanism. By generation of a three dimensional geometrical model of the flower, not only the geometric parameters of flower are obtained but also a more accurate mechanical study of the object such as aerodynamic study becomes possible. The mechanical behavior of saffron flower is important in the design and analysis of postharvesting mechanisms. In this research, a novel algorithm was developed capable of avoiding interference of point clouds belonging to different surfaces with very close distance to each other, i.e. thin objects. This algorithm was named "projected homogeneous neighbors." Laser scanning technology with the current precision may well be useful, appropriate and practical technology for precise modeling as well as the description of details and existing issues in biology and agriculture products such as saffron flower.
Business Intelligence Versus Competitive Intelligence in the Case of North African SMEs
Venue: J. Inf. Knowl. Manag.

This paper aims to develop a complete model of competitive intelligence (CI) in the case of North African SMEs. Specifically, the objective of this paper is to analyse the mediating and moderating effects of innovation and the protection of information assets in the relationship between business intelligence (BI) and international competitiveness of SMEs based on export intensity. To do this, we rely on the approach of Baron and Kenny (1986) The Moderator Mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6) 1173 1182 and Ping (1995) A parsimonious estimating techinque for interaction and quadratic latent variables.  The results of this paper show that the relationship between BI and international competitiveness is both mediated by innovation and moderated by the protection of information assets. The originality of this research lies in the design of a CI model that integrates BI, mediation of innovation, moderation of the protection of information assets and the international competitiveness.
Public Enforcement of Antitrust Law in China: Perspective of Procedural Fairness

Entering into the 7th year of the Anti Monopoly Law in force, the enforcement by China's antitrust authorities has moved up a gear. Looking at several significant antitrust investigations and reviews, questioning and criticism on the Chinese antitrust public enforcement procedures are put forward, because it seems to the public, especially to people outside China, those China's powerful state central bodies have a fearsome reputation. In this chapter, detailed explanation will be presented in terms of the procedures and regulations regarding the antitrust public enforcement in China. It is worthy of attention that, the antitrust public enforcement is part of administrative enforcement in China. This means that the procedure of Chinese antitrust public enforcement has to comply with the current system of Chinese administrative laws, so it is unlikely to be completely aligned with procedures that seem to be universally applied in western jurisdictions. That said, the current procedural system is not yet perfection, and there is room for improvement. On account for procedural fairness, some suggestions for optimizing the procedures of the Chinese antitrust public enforcement under the current legal system of China are put forward in this chapter.
Transcriptional regulatory networks in Arabidopsis thaliana during single and combined stresses
Venue: Nucleic acids research

Differentially evolved responses to various stress conditions in plants are controlled by complex regulatory circuits of transcriptional activators, and repressors, such as transcription factors (TFs) To understand the general and condition specific activities of the TFs and their regulatory relationships with the target genes (TGs) we have used a homogeneous stress gene expression dataset generated on ten natural ecotypes of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, during five single and six combined stress conditions. Knowledge based profiles of binding sites for 25 stress responsive TF families (187 TFs) were generated and tested for their enrichment in the regulatory regions of the associated TGs. Condition dependent regulatory sub networks have shed light on the differential utilization of the underlying network topology, by stress specific regulators and multifunctional regulators. The multifunctional regulators maintain the core stress response processes while the transient regulators confer the specificity to certain conditions. Clustering patterns of transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) have reflected the combinatorial nature of transcriptional regulation, and suggested the putative role of the homotypic clusters of TFBS towards maintaining transcriptional robustness against cis regulatory mutations to facilitate the preservation of stress response processes. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of the TGs reflected sequential regulation of stress response mechanisms in plants.
The experience of adolescents participating in a randomised clinical trial in the field of mental health: a qualitative study
Venue: Trials

BackgroundThis descriptive study aimed to investigate adolescents' motivations for participating in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to explore the understanding that the young people had regarding a number of aspects of the trial design, to examine whether or not they found participation in the trial to be acceptable and what affected this, and to identify whether and how the young people felt that their participation in the RCT impacted on their experience of therapy and on therapeutic change.MethodsSeventy six adolescents who were taking part in a large scale RCT to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of psychological therapies for depression were interviewed at two time points after completing therapy. The semi structured interviews, which included a focus on the young people's experience of the research study, were analysed using framework analysis.ResultsThe vast majority of adolescents found it acceptable to participate in the clinical trial, and many agreed to participate for reasons of 'conditional altruism' However consent was often given without great understanding of the key elements of the trial, including the difference between treatment arms and the randomisation process. Although the adolescents were largely positive about their experiences from taking part, the study raises questions about whether clinical outcomes may be influenced by participation in the research elements of the trial.ConclusionsAlthough adolescents are under represented in clinical trials, those who do participate are generally positive about the experience; however, careful thought needs to be given to key elements of the trial design and the potential impact of the research participation on clinical outcomes.
Response of Lactating Zaraibi Goats to Diets Containing Sesbania sesban Seeds as a New and High Source of Protein.

This work was carried out on dairy goats to investigate the effect of partially replacing CFM protein by Sesbania sesban seeds on milk production, feed conversion efficiency and some blood constituents as well as economic efficiency. Twenty five dairy goats wereIdivided into 5 groups (5 does each) The controlIgroup (G1) was fed a rationIconsisting ofIconcentrate feedImixture and cornIsilage (50:50) accordingIto NRC (1981) recommendation. Sesbania sesban seeds (SS) wereIused toIreplace 10 and 20% of concentrate's protein for groups G2 and G3, respectively. SesbaniaIseeds wereItreated (TSS) by soaking and roastingIand used at theIsame levels (10 and 20% in G4 and G5, respectively. The feedingItrails lasted for 14 weeks after weaning. The obtainedIresults showed thatIthe daily dryImatter intake tendedIto decrease as a result toIsubstitution of concentrate feedImixture with SesbaniaIseeds in rationsIof dairyIgoats. On the contrary, the daily water consumption as ml/g DM intakeIwas noticeablyIhigher (3.50, 3.64, 3.67 and 3.81) with SesbaniaIseeds rations (G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively) comparedIwith control (G1, 3.14) The effectIof the testedIrations onIruminal pH values was not significant. Ruminal NH3 concentration post feeding tended to decrease as a result to using of Sesbania seeds especially G4 and G5. But, ruminalItotal VFA's concentrations post feeding were significantly with G4 compared with G1 and G3. Moreover, ruminal microbial protein content at 2 and 4 hrs. post feeding was significantly affected as a result of using of Sesbania seeds in goats rations and the bestIvalue was recordedIwith G4. The obtained results showed that there is significant effects on some blood parameters hemoglobin, MCHC, lymphocyts, platelets count, globulin and enzymatic activites) due to using the tested rations. Concerning milk production, the obtained data indicated that the highest value of daily milk yield was recorded with G4 (1.70 kg) followed by G5 (1.67 kg) then G2 (1.59 kg) and G1 (1.56 kg) while theIlowest value (1.499 kg) was recorded with G3 and the differencesIwere significant. The effectsIof experimental rationsIon milk constituents were not significant. The feed conversion efficiency, based on DM was better with G5 (0.904) then G4 (0.911) followedIby G2 and G3 (0.971 and 1.009, respectively) and lastly G1 (1.015) Therefore, the economic efficiency was improved by 9.25, 10.17, 16.31 and 22.81% with Sesbania seeds rations (G2, G3, G4, and G5, respectively) compared with control (G1) It isIconcluded that partialIreplasment of up to 20% of CFM protein by SesbaniaIseeds has someIpositive effectsIon metabolicIparameters, whichIreflected on the dairyIgoats performance andIeconomicIefficiency.