nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Awareness of lifestyle modification in females diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome in India: explorative study

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) adversely affect women at varying stages of their life and imperative to emphasis on prevention strategies since incidence of PCOS is on the rise. Study aims to explore perception on PCOS, awareness on life style modification, emotional attributes, concern regarding PCOS and utilization of physiotherapy services.  The study was conducted in Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, India. Self made validated questionnaire was administered. Descriptive analysis was done. Perception on PCOS, lifestyle modification, emotional attribution and biggest concern were calculated as absolute frequencies and were reported as overall percentages. Chi square test was applied on the demographic factor's influence on level of awareness.  21% of the respondents are very well aware about PCOS. 51% reported as doctor was their main source of information about PCOS. 81% expressed that PCOS is manageable one. 62% aware that exercise helps in the management of PCOS. Out of this, 39% are doing exercise on a regular basis. However all the study participants reported, they have not had any consultation from physiotherapist for their structured exercise program.32% attributed to anxiety after the diagnosis of PCOS. 64% of the respondents aware that changing in diet or eating habits can influence in PCOS. However 95% of the subjects concurred to follow life style modification.  Efforts need to intensify in creating awareness on the general public about PCOS. Absolute majority of the study participant uncoerced to follow lifestyle modification however emphasis needs to address on multidisciplinary approach in managing PCOS.
Structure activity relationship modelling of milk protein derived peptides with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitory activity
Venue: Peptides

Quantitative structure activity type models were developed in an attempt to predict the key features of peptide sequences having dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitory activity. The models were then employed to help predict the potential of peptides, which are currently reported in the literature to be present in the intestinal tract of humans following milk/dairy product ingestion, to act as inhibitors of DPP IV. Two models (z and v scale) for short (2 5 amino acid residues) bovine milk peptides, behaving as competitive inhibitors of DPP IV, were developed. The z and the v scale models (p<0.05, R(2) of 0.829 and 0.815, respectively) were then applied to 56 milk protein derived peptides previously reported in the literature to be found in the intestinal tract of humans which possessed a structural feature of DPP IV inhibitory peptides (P at the N2 position) Ten of these peptides were synthetized and tested for their in vitro DPP IV inhibitory properties. There was no agreement between the predicted and experimentally determined DPP IV half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the competitive peptide inhibitors. However, the ranking for DPP IV inhibitory potency of the competitive peptide inhibitors was conserved. Furthermore, potent in vitro DPP IV inhibitory activity was observed with two peptides, LPVPQ (IC50=43.8+ 8.8mM) and IPM (IC50=69.5+ 8.7mM) Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.
Hierarchical Object Representation for Open Ended Object Category Learning and Recognition
Venue: NIPS

Most robots lack the ability to learn new objects from past experiences. To migrate a robot to a new environment one must often completely re generate the knowledge base that it is running with. Since in open ended domains the set of categories to be learned is not predefined, it is not feasible to assume that one can pre program all object categories required by robots. Therefore, autonomous robots must have the ability to continuously execute learning and recognition in a concurrent and interleaved fashion. This paper proposes an open ended 3D object recognition system which concurrently learns both the object categories and the statistical features for encoding objects. In particular, we propose an extension of Latent Dirichlet Allocation to learn structural semantic features (i.e. topics) from low level feature co occurrences for each category independently. Moreover, topics in each category are discovered in an unsupervised fashion and are updated incrementally using new object views. The approach contains similarities with the organization of the visual cortex and builds a hierarchy of increasingly sophisticated representations. Results show the fulfilling performance of this approach on different types of objects. Moreover, this system demonstrates the capability of learning from few training examples and competes with state of the art systems.
Activation of the ATR kinase by the RPA binding protein ETAA1
Venue: Nature Cell Biology

Activation of the ATR kinase following perturbations to DNA replication relies on a complex mechanism involving ATR recruitment to RPA coated single stranded DNA via its binding partner ATRIP and stimulation of ATR kinase activity by TopBP1. Here, we discovered an independent ATR activation pathway in vertebrates, mediated by the uncharacterized protein ETAA1 (Ewing's tumour associated antigen 1) Human ETAA1 accumulates at DNA damage sites via dual RPA binding motifs and promotes replication fork progression and integrity, ATR signalling and cell survival after genotoxic insults. Mechanistically, this requires a conserved domain in ETAA1 that potently and directly stimulates ATR kinase activity independently of TopBP1. Simultaneous loss of ETAA1 and TopBP1 gives rise to synthetic lethality characterized by massive genome instability and abrogation of ATR dependent signalling. Our findings demonstrate that parallel TopBP1 and ETAA1 mediated pathways underlie ATR activation and that their combined action is essential for coping with replication stress.
Changes in soil morphology of Podzols affected by alkaline fly ash blown out from the dumping site of an electric power plant
Venue: Journal of Soils and Sediments

PurposeThe impacts of fly ash on the chemistry of forest floors were previously described in literature, while impacts on soil properties were less recognised. Soil investigations were focussed mainly on increases of pH and base saturations in surface horizons. The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of alkaline fly ash blown out from the dumping site of a lignite fired power plant on pH changes of ectohumus horizons of Podzols and the morphology of deeper horizons.Materials and methodsWe investigated the soil profiles of Podzols derived from loose quartz sand and developed under pine forest surrounding the dumping site of the power plant Belchatow, central Poland. In the vicinity of the fly ash dumping site, five Podzol profiles located at a distance of 50 m from the dumping site were investigated, as well as soil profiles located along the transect set at distances of 50, 300, 800 and 2000 m from the dumping site. Control profiles were located at a distance of 7.3 km from the dumping site. Soil morphology was described in the field and the following properties were determined: soil texture, hydrolytic acidity, exchangeable cations, total organic carbon and total nitrogen content.Results and discussionThe pH values of Podzol ectohumus horizons located close to the dumping site ranged from 6.01 to 7.34 compared to a range of 3.08 3.72 in the control. Ectohumus horizon located 300 m from the dumping site showed a pH range of 4.13 4.26, while at a distance of 800 m, the pH values did not differ from those of the control site. The upper part of the eluvial soil horizons located close to the dumping site had been transformed into transitional AE horizons in which humic substances translocated from ectohumus horizons were accumulated. Moreover, the organic carbon content of this horizon increased compared to the carbon content of the illuvial Bs horizon located below it. Under the influence of alkalisation of upper horizons, the illuvial Bhs horizons vanished and were transformed into Bs horizons.ConclusionsChanges in soils affected by fly ashes are connected with alkalinisation of ectohumus horizons. Podzolisation processes can be reduced or even completely stopped regarding the distance from the dumping site. Eluvial Podzol horizons located close to the dumping site may be transformed into AE horizons in which humic substances translocated from ectohumus horizons are accumulated. Due to transformation and translocation of organic components, Bhs horizons can be transformed into Bs horizons.
Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies

A concentrating solar power (CSP) system converts sunlight into a heat source which can be used to drive a conventional power plant. Thermal energy storage (TES) improves the dispatchability of a CSP plant. Heat can be stored in either sensible, latent or thermochemical storage. Commercial deployment of CSP systems have been achieved in recent years with the two tank sensible storage system using molten salt as the storage medium. Considerable research effort has been conducted to improve the efficiency of the CSP system and make the cost of electricity comparable to that of the conventional fossil fuel power plant. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of CSP plants both in operation and under construction. It covers the available technologies for the receiver, thermal storage, power block and heat transfer fluid. This paper also reviews developments in high temperature TES over the past decade with a focus on sensible and latent heat storage. High temperature corrosion and economic aspects of these systems are also discussed.
The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Bleeding and Non Bleeding Gastric Ulcers: A Cross Sectional Case Control Study

Helicobacter pylori is a known and important cause of peptic ulcer disease, and can result in many different complications, both gastrointestinal and systemic. The gastric complications include upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The costs associated with testing and treatment of complications of H. pylori infection is also high, both in private and public setting. Studies in Iran showed high prevalence of H. pylori infection, with figures as high as 89.2% in the adult population. In South Africa, patients with bleeding gastric ulcers receive empirical eradication therapy, an expensive practice in a resource limited country like South Africa. It is for this reason that we conducted a case control study to determine the difference in prevalence of H. pylori infection in bleeding and non bleeding gastric ulcers.  To determine the difference in prevalence of H. pylori infection in bleeding and non bleeding gastric ulcers.  In this prospective cross sectional case control study, a total of 173 patients who underwent upper endoscopy at Steve Biko Academic Hospital were recruited. All patients with gastric ulcer on upper endoscopy had antral mucosal biopsy taken and CLO test done on this specimen, in addition to the CLO test, the 42 with a history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding had additional biopsies send for histology for detection of H. pylori. The CLO tests were evaluated 24 h later and results documented as either positive or negative.  From the 173 patients enrolled, 131 patients were found to have no history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, while 42 patients were found to be bleeding on upper endoscopy or had a recent history of bleeding. Of the total of 173, 134(77.5% tested negative for H. pylori infection on CLO test and 39(22.5% tested positive. Of the bleeding group, 7(16.7% were CLO test positive and 35(83.3% were negative. In the non bleeding group of patients, 99(75.6% were CLO test negative and 32(24.4% tested positive. There was a 100% correlation between CLO test and histology. Of the bleeding group 35(83% tested negative on both CLO test and histology and 7(16.7% tested positive.  The prevalence of H. pylori infection in this South African population with bleeding gastric ulcer was found to be lower than in patients with gastric ulcers that were not bleeding. This was, however not statistically significant (p value 0.404) To our knowledge there is no South African data for comparison with our study group. The sensitivity of CLO test was as high as histology. This finding suggests that CLO test can be used reliably in bleeding peptic ulcer.
[Alzheimer's disease and Helicobacter pylori infection: a possible link?
Venue: Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with Ass peptide and Tau protein deposits, but the initial process inducing the disease and ultimately neurodegeneration has not yet been elucidated. An infectious hypothesis is suggested by the alteration of the blood brain barrier and the activation of neuroinflammation in the brain, which could play a role, especially in the decrease of Ass peptide clearance. Several viral or bacterial agents have been incriminated, including Helicobacter pylori. Infection by H. pylori is acquired during childhood and often lifetime persisting, inducing a chronic gastric inflammation, which remains asymptomatic in approximately 80% of cases. However H. pylori infection can induce systemic inflammation and increase homocysteine levels, contributing to worsen AD lesions. Association between H. pylori and AD is suggested by 1) epidemiologic studies, which show higher AD prevalence and more pronounced cognitive impairment in infected than in non infected subjects; 2) experimental studies in murine models: a) in a first study we evaluated the impact of H. pylori infection on the brain of non AD predisposed C57BL/6J mice. After an 18 month infection, H. pylori induced a significant gastric inflammation but no brain Ab deposit nor increased neuroinflammation was observed in their brain; b) we currently study the impact of Helicobacter species infection on behavior and cerebral lesions of AD transgenic (APPswe/PS1dE9) mice and their wild type littermate. The results of these studies do not allow to conclude a significant association between AD and H. pylory infection but may contribute to a better understanding of the role of brain neuroinflammation in AD.
A Highly Sensitive Dual Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor with Silver Graphene Layer
Venue: Plasmonics

A highly sensitive dual core photonic crystal fiber based on a surface plasmon resonance (PCF SPR) biosensor with a silver graphene layer is described. The silver layer with a graphene coating not only prevents oxidation of the silver layer but also can improve the silver sensing performance due to the large surface to volume ratio of graphene. The dual core PCF SPR biosensor is numerically analyzed by the finite element method (FEM) An average spectral sensitivity of 4350 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) in the sensing range between 1.39 and 1.42 and maximum spectral sensitivity of 10,000 nm/RIU in the sensing range between 1.43 and 1.46 are obtained, corresponding to a high resolution of 1 x 10 6 RIU as a biosensor. Our analysis shows that the optical spectra of the PCF SPR biosensor can be optimized by varying the structural parameters of the structure, suggesting promising applications in biological and biochemical detection.
Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on large size square lattice photonic crystal fiber

A surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on large size square lattice photonic crystal fiber has been designed and simulated by finite element method. The square lattice airholes are first coated with a calcium fluoride layer to provide mode confinement, then a nanoscale gold layer is deposited to excite the plasmon mode, and finally, the sample is infiltrated into the holes. The numerical results reveal that the resonance properties are easily affected by many parameters. The refractive index resolution of corresponding sensor can reach 4.3 x 10 6 RIU when the optimum parameters are set as the radius of curvature of the airhole r 2 mm, the thickness of the core struts c 200 nm, the auxiliary dielectric layer s 1 mm, and the gold film d 40 nm. In addition, the effective area and nonlinear coefficient are calculated.
Online Token Booking Application

The online token booking project basically manages the token booking process in a hospital, providing an interface to the user to book tokens in a much easier way. The system proceeds through a sequence of well designed forms provided with validations to ensure consistency, reliability and most importantly correctness of information fed into the database. The application works by using a database containing a list of hospitals. When in need of emergency, the hospitals and patients will immediately turn on to it by the hospitals stopping the ongoing tokens and updating on the Application that emergency cases are being handled so that the other patients could go by the time delay that takes place due to this.
The Impact of Non Normality on Extraction of Spurious Latent Classes in Mixture IRT Models
Venue: Applied psychological measurement

Unidimensional, item response theory (IRT) models assume a single homogeneous population. Mixture IRT (MixIRT) models can be useful when subpopulations are suspected. The usual MixIRT model is typically estimated assuming a normally distributed latent ability. Research on normal finite mixture models suggests that latent classes potentially can be extracted, even in the absence of population heterogeneity, if the distribution of the data is non normal. In this study, the authors examined the sensitivity of MixIRT models to latent non normality. Single class IRT data sets were generated using different ability distributions and then analyzed with MixIRT models to determine the impact of these distributions on the extraction of latent classes. Results suggest that estimation of mixed Rasch models resulted in spurious latent class problems in the data when distributions were bimodal and uniform. Mixture two parameter logistic (2PL) and mixture three parameter logistic (3PL) IRT models were found to be more robust to latent non normality.
The Impact of Parasitic Elements on Spurious Turn On in Phase Shifted Full Bridge Converters

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the spurious turn on phenomena in phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) converters. The conventional analysis of the spurious turn on phenomenon does not establish in the PSFB converter as realizing zero voltage switching (ZVS) Firstly, a circuit model is proposed taking into account the parasitic capacitors and inductors of the transistors, as well as the parasitic elements of the power circuit loop. Second, an exhaustive investigation into the impact of all these parasitic elements on the spurious turn on is conducted. It has been found that the spurious turn on phenomenon is mainly attributed to the parasitic inductors of the power circuit loop, while the parasitic inductors of the transistors have a weak impact on this phenomenon. In addition, the operation principle of the PSFB converter makes the leading and lagging legs have distinguished differences with respect to the spurious turn on problems. Design guidelines are given based on the theoretical analysis. Finally, detailed simulation and experimental results obtained with a 1.5 kW PSFB converter are given to validate proposed analysis.
A Single Phase Four Switch Rectifier With Significantly Reduced Capacitance
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

A single phase four switch rectifier with considerably reduced capacitance is investigated in this paper. The rectifier consists of one conventional rectification leg and one neutral leg linked with two capacitors that split the dc bus. The ripple energy in the rectifier is diverted into the lower split capacitor so that the voltage across the upper split capacitor, designed to be the dc output voltage, has very small ripples. The voltage across the lower capacitor is designed to have large ripples on purpose so that the total capacitance needed is significantly reduced and highly reliable film capacitors, instead of electrolytic capacitors, can be used. At the same time, the rectification leg is controlled independently from the neutral leg to regulate the input current to achieve unity power factor and also to maintain the dc bus voltage. Experimental results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed strategy.
Thirty six pulse rectifier scheme based on zigzag auto connected transformer

In this paper, a low kilo volt ampere rating zigzag connected autotransformer based 36 pulse rectifier system supplying vector controlled induction motor drives (VCIMD) is designed, modeled and simulated. Detailed design procedure and magnetic rating calculation of the proposed autotransformer and interphase reactor is studied. Moreover, the design process of the autotransformer is modified to make it suitable for retrofit applications. Simulation results confirm that the proposed 36 pulse rectifier system is able to suppress less than 35 harmonics in the utility line current. The influence of load variation and load character is also studied to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed 36 pulse rectifiers. A set of power quality indices at AC mains and DC link are presented to compare the performance of 6 24and 36 pulse AC DC converters.
Improvement in harmonic reduction of zigzag autoconnected transformer based 12 pulse diode bridge rectifier by current injection at DC side
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES)

To improve the harmonic reduction ability in input line current of 12 pulse diode bridge rectifier (DBR) using zigzag autoconnected transformer with a dc side current injection technique is presented in this paper. Conventional 12 pulse rectifier does not meet the IEEE 519 standard and therefore current injection technique at dc side is used to shape the system current waveform to minimize the harmonic distortion in the input line current. The proposed configuration uses zigzag autoconnected transformer with inherent ability of blocking zero sequence components which eliminate the requirement of zero sequence blocking transformer (ZSBT) The current injection circuit with interphase reactor (IPR) enables to alter dc current at the rectifier output which further shapes input line currents to near sinewave. The proposed configuration is designed, simulated and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation results of proposed configuration for variation in current injection and load on input line current harmonic suppression, power quality parameters are presented in this paper.
Rebelocracy: Social Order in the Colombian Civil War

Conventional wisdom portrays war zones as chaotic and anarchic. In reality, however, they are often orderly. This work introduces a new phenomenon in the study of civil war: wartime social order. It investigates theoretically and empirically the emergence and functioning of social order in conflict zones. By theorizing the interaction between combatants and civilians and how they impact wartime institutions, the study delves into rebel behavior, civilian agency and their impact on the conduct of war. Based on years of fieldwork in Colombia, the theory is tested with qualitative and quantitative evidence on communities, armed groups, and individuals in conflict zones. The study shows how armed groups strive to rule civilians, and how the latter influence the terms of that rule. The theory and empirical results illuminate our understanding of civil war, institutions, local governance, non violent resistance, and the emergence of political order.