nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spiritual wellbeing and the human nature relationship an exploration of the spiritual wellbeing experiences of home and community gardeners

In recent years, wellbeing has emerged as a way to describe the holistic health of a population. This thesis explores the premise that spiritual wellbeing, an often neglected and poorly understood dimension of the wellbeing spectrum, may offer a complementary and cohesive element to physical, mental and social wellbeing. Nature based activities hold promise for developing spiritual wellbeing, but prior research has focussed primarily on wilderness settings. Such spaces are increasingly rare and for individuals living in urbanised areas it is of equal importance to identify the spiritual wellbeing benefits from nearby and everyday nature spaces. As accessible nature spaces, gardens and gardening activity provide an often undervalued opportunity through which individuals can engage with local nature. Gardeners may therefore be able to offer a unique insight into the role that interaction with nature may play in spiritual wellbeing. This study therefore focuses on how spiritual wellbeing may be enhanced and developed through interaction with nature in the context of urban gardens. The study consists of two phases: Phase One focussed on community gardeners and was used to scope the topic and methodologies; Phase Two used semi structured interviews with 25 gardeners to explore how spiritual wellbeing related to their gardening experiences. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that in the context of gardening, spiritual wellbeing is supported and developed through four key themes of: Contribution, Connection, Awareness, and Being Self, as expressed through a meaningful relationship with An Other. Previous spiritual wellbeing studies have highlighted the concept of a relationship with the 'Other' and wellbeing models often cite human human relationships as important in developing wellbeing. Findings from the study suggest that interaction with nature, through the partnership activity of gardening, provides a human nature relationship that may offer equivalent benefits in developing spiritual wellbeing. The findings may offer a novel approach to help address contemporary wellbeing issues, whilst also adding a new significance to the urban garden.
L'impact de la perception de la qualite du service sur le proselytisme Cas des fournisseurs de service Internet en Tunisie

La revue de la litterature a revele l'importance de marketing relationnel pour fideliser et retenir les clients les plus rentables (Customer Relationship Management) La qualite percue du serviceva renforcer la satisfaction, l'attachement et la fidelite des clients a la marque. Le client satisfait par la qualite du servicea tendance a transmettre son adhesion aux autres. L'objectif de cette etude est d'examiner la relation entre la qualite percue du service et les recommandations par bouche a oreille ou le proselytisme a travers: la satisfaction, la fidelite et l'attachementdes clients. Cette etude sera appliquee dans le secteur des fournisseurs de service Internet en Tunisie.
Tailored thermal expansion alloys

Current approaches to tailoring the thermal expansion coefficient of materials or finding materials with negative thermal expansion rely on careful manipulation of either the material's composition and/or the complex fabrication of composites. Here, by contrast, we report a new principle that enables the precise control of macroscopic thermal expansion response of bulk materials via crystallographic texture manipulation and by taking advantage of anisotropic Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE) in a large class of martensitically transforming materials. Through simple thermo mechanical processing, it is possible to tailor the thermal expansion response of a single material without manipulating its composition over a wide range of positive and negative values. We demonstrate this principle by gradually tuning the macroscopic CTE in a model NiTiPd alloy between a positive +14.90 x 10 6 K 1) and a negative 3.06 x 10 6 K 1) value, simply by incrementally increasing tensile plastic deformation in the martensite phase. This surprising response is linked to the large positive, +51.33 x 10 6 K 1, and negative, 34.51 x 10 6 K 1, CTE anisotropy, at the lattice level, along the different crystal directions in martensite. Similar CTE anisotropy is also shown experimentally in CoNiGa and TiNb alloys. In a model TiNb alloy, giant macroscopic CTEs of +181 x 10 6 K 1 and 142 x 10 6 K 1 are measured. A connection between the CTE anisotropy and the martensitic transformation in these and other materials systems such as NiTi, pure uranium, and PbTiO3 is later made. It is shown that negative or positive thermal expansion crystallographic directions are connected to the crystallographic relationship between the austenite and martensite lattices, and can easily be predicted using the lattice parameters of austenite and martensite phases. Our current observations and analyses suggest that the tunability of the macroscopic CTE through thermo mechanical processing is universal in materials both ceramic and metals that undergo martensitic transformations.
Safe Infant Sleep Interventions: What is the Evidence for Successful Behavior Change?
Venue: Current pediatric reviews

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep related infant deaths, such as accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed and ill defined deaths, account for >4000 deaths annually in the USA. Evidence based recommendations for reducing the risk of sleep related deaths have been published, but some caregivers resist adoption of these recommendations. Multiple interventions to change infant sleep related practices of parents and professionals have been implemented. In this review, we will discuss illustrative examples of safe infant sleep interventions and evidence of their effectiveness. Facilitators of and barriers to change, as well as the limitations of the data currently available for these interventions, will be considered.
Bidirectional associations between bedtime parenting and infant sleep: Parenting quality, parenting practices, and their interaction.
Venue: Journal of family psychology JFP journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association

In keeping with transactional conceptualizations of infant sleep development (Sadeh, Tikotzky, Scher, 2010) the present study was an examination of longitudinal, bidirectional linkages between bedtime parenting (through direct observations of parenting practices and quality) and infant sleep across the first 6 months postpartum. In doing so, we also drew from Darling and Steinberg's (1993) conceptual model to examine parenting quality as a moderator of linkages between specific bedtime practices and infant sleep. Multilevel model analyses revealed that the strongest increases in infant nighttime sleep across the first 6 months occurred among infants of mothers who engaged in low levels of nursing at bedtime. Within person linkages between mothers' emotional availability (EA) at bedtime, infant distress, and infant sleep were found, such that at time points when mothers were more emotionally available, infants were less distressed and slept more throughout the night. Several moderating effects of maternal EA on linkages between parenting practices and infant sleep were obtained that were consistent with predictions from Darling and Steinberg (1993) Higher maternal EA in combination with less close contact at bedtime was associated with more infant sleep across the night on average, and higher EA in combination with fewer arousing bedtime activities predicted more rapid increases in infant sleep with age. Finally, there was evidence of infant driven effects, as higher infant nighttime distress predicted lower EA at subsequent time points. Results showcased the complex, reciprocal interplay between parents and infants in the development of infant sleep patterns and parenting behavior during the first 6 months postpartum.
Export Market Diversification and Firm Productivity: Evidence from a Large Developing Country

This paper first provides information on the distribution of Chinese firms' export destinations. It then examines the relationship between firms' export market diversification and their productivity by using trade and production data from the Customs Trade Statistics and the Annual Survey of Industrial Firms in China from the years 2000 to 2006. We check the robustness of the results by controlling for potential endogeneity and estimating various specifications. We find that there is a U shaped relationship between the diversification of export markets and firm productivity. As firms begin to export, they face higher costs (and thus lower productivity) initially because they lack the knowledge and experience. Eventually, as diversification of the export market moves beyond a threshold level and investments cumulate, export market expansion results in lower long run average costs and thus higher productivity owing to the learning curve and economies of scope, as well as economies of scale. This U shaped relationship, however, is less pronounced for firms with higher share of intermediate products in total exports, for firms engaged in processing trade, and for firms exporting to Hong Kong. The results have significant implications for firm export dynamics and behavior, and can help target policies that will boost the performance of the firms. They are significant for policy makers who have emphasized the importance of export diversification for mitigating the impact of global shocks.
Comparing heritage speakers and late L2 learners of European Portuguese: verb movement, VP ellipsis and adverb placement

This study compares the performance of Portuguese German heritage children and adult L2 speakers of European Portuguese whose L1 is German with respect to two aspects of grammar, adverb placement and VP ellipsis, which depend on a core syntactic property of the language, verb movement. The results show that both groups have acquired V to I and adverb placement, showing no influence of a V2 grammar. Performance in the VP ellipsis task is more complex: heritage children produce VP ellipsis at the level of controls, as opposed to L2 speakers; however, both L2 and heritage speakers show that cross linguistic influence may produce a preference for pronoun substitution over VP ellipsis in a task asking for redundancy resolution. Nevertheless, given that overall results show that heritage children perform at the level of L1 children, we take our results to support approaches to heritage bilingualism which suggest the development of an intact grammar in childhood.
Another Heavy Road of Decompositionality: Notes from a Dying Adverb

This contribution reports on a pilot case study conducted on historical corpus data from Old and Middle English (primarily Taylor et al. 2003, Kroch and Taylor 2000) and concerned with the ramifications of an ambiguous adverb (eft, 'again' at the syntax semantics interface. The disappearance of the adverb is linked to the development of again's partially similar functions during the Middle English period. Akin to studies on the adverb again (e.g. Fabricius Hansen 2001, Gergel and Beck 2015, Beck and Gergel 2015) at least some instances of eft are claimed to require a particular type of analysis of so called decompositional adverbs, namely one based on lexical rather than only on structural factors. Furthermore, the development shows characteristics of a cyclical development (cf. Jespersen 1917, van Gelderen 2011) This working paper is available in University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: http:/repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/ vol22/iss1/13 U. Penn Working Papers in Linguistics, Volume 22.1, 2016 Another Heavy Road of Decompositionality: Notes from a Dying Adverb Remus Gergel, Andreas Blumel, Martin Kopf
Effect of season on fatty acid and terpene profiles of milk from Greek sheep raised under a semi extensive production system
Venue: Journal of Dairy Research

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of season on the fatty acid and terpene composition in ewe milk. A total of 760 samples of bulk sheep milk were collected during winter (147 samples) spring (314 samples) and summer (299 samples) of 2011, from 90 commercial farms of dairy sheep from the prefecture of Grevena, Greece. Regarding fatty acid composition, summer samples had higher concentrations of a linolenic acid, cis 9, trans 11 CLA, trans 11, C18 1 and PUFAs but lower content of saturated fatty acids particularly C12 0, C14 0 and C16 0. The winter milk had the lowest content of terpenes, in particular sesquiterpenes, compared to spring and summer milk. The terpene profile of milk samples, in all three seasons, revealed the presence of monoterpenes: a pinene, b pinene and D limonene, especially with a higher frequency of appearance in summer. The most common and abundant sesquiterpenes found in milk samples were b caryophyllene and a caryophyllene with a higher frequency of appearance in summer. In conclusion, the available pastures in semi extensive farming systems can contribute to the production of high quality milk.
Effect of crop type and season on nutrient leaching to tile drainage under a corn soybean rotation
Venue: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

Subsurface tile drainage is a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport from agricultural fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate N and P loss through tile drainage under corn (Zea mays L. and soybean (Glycine max L. production in a corn soybean rotation typical of agricultural management across the eastern Corn Belt of the US Midwest. Differences in nutrient concentrations and loadings between crop type and between growing (GS) and nongrowing seasons (NGS) were assessed. From 2005 through 2012, discharge and water quality were monitored at three end of tile locations that had estimated contributing areas ranging from 7.7 to 14.9 ha (19.0 to 36.8 ac) in a headwater watershed in central Ohio, United States. Nitrate N (NO3 N) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) were the primary >75% forms of N and P in drainage water. DRP concentration and loading was not significantly different between crop types, but differed significantly by season. Mean weekly DRP concentration (0.22 mg L 1 [0.22 ppm] was greater during the GS, while mean weekly DRP load (0.010 kg ha 1 [0.009 lb ac 1] was greater in the NGS. In comparison, NO3 N concentration and load was dependent on the interaction between crop type and season, with the greatest NO3 N concentration (17.1 mg L 1) observed during the GS under corn production. Differences in N and P loss to tile drains were attributed to the timing of nutrient application and differences in seasonal discharge. Practices such as cover crops and drainage water management that target nutrient transport in the NGS should be explored as a means to decrease annual N and P loads. Adherence to recommended 4R nutrient stewardship (right fertilizer source, right rate, right time, and right placement) practices should also help minimize nutrient leaching to tile drains under a corn soybean rotation.
Thruster fault diagnosis method based on Gaussian particle filter for autonomous underwater vehicles

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) generally work in complex marine environments. Any fault in AUVs may cause significant losses. Thus, system reliability and automatic fault diagnosis are important. To address the actuator failure of AUVs, a fault diagnosis method based on the Gaussian particle filter is proposed in this study. Six free space motion equation mathematical models are established in accordance with the actuator configuration of AUVs. The value of the control (moment) loss parameter is adopted on the basis of these models to represent underwater vehicle malfunction, and an actuator failure model is established. An improved Gaussian particle filtering algorithm is proposed and is used to estimate the AUV failure model and motion state. Bayes algorithm is employed to perform robot fault detection. The sliding window method is adopted for fault magnitude estimation. The feasibility and validity of the proposed method are verified through simulation experiments and experimental data.
Online fault detection and model adaptation for Underwater Vehicles in the case of thruster failures
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are required to carry out a mission with minimum supervision. Often, the AUV's hardware integrity is compromised amidst operation; thus, jeopardising the mission's success. Thruster failures, for example, may affect AUVs locomotion. Following a thruster failure, the plan may require changes to compensate, if possible, for the loss of mobility. In this paper, we present an algorithm that identifies thruster failures in run time. Moreover, the algorithm corrects the vehicle's dynamical model to incorporate the defective thruster. The algorithm uses a Mixture of Gaussians representation for the vehicle's state. Variational Bayes Approximation has been utilised to yield the filtering equations. As indicated by experimental evaluation, the algorithm detects thruster failure events correctly; and, in turn, learns an accurate dynamical model of the vehicle at its current state. Experiments were carried out on a real platform in a wave tank at Heriot Watt University.
Climate change impacts on water resources and reservoir management in the Seine river basin (France)

The Seine River Basin has to face major issues on water resources due to a variety of uses and increasing pressure. Satisfying these water needs is a huge challenge on this basin that hosts the most urbanized and densely populated area in France: more than 6.5 millions inhabitants in the Paris region are supplied with drinkable water coming from rivers while one nuclear power plant and two coal fired plants ensure power generation in the region. Furthermore, several large wastewater treatment plants (incl. the largest one in Europe) release their waters into the Seine, with possible consequences on the quality of water during low flows. The Seine Grands Lacs basin authority owns and manages four large artificial reservoirs on the river Seine and its tributaries (totaling a capacity of 800 hm3) with two main goals: flood alleviation and low flow augmentation. The CLIMAWARE research project (2010 2014) characterized the impacts of climate change on flows of the Seine River Basin and on reservoir management by mid 21st century. Performance indicators representative of the tension on water resources were calculated to assess the impact of climate change. Various adaptation measures were tested including the modification of the objective seasonal filling curves, as well as modifications of the real time management techniques. Adaptation measures can bring some improvements, but even with this adaptive management, the indicators show that the impacts of climate change on low flows will be major on the basin.
Chemical mechanical properties of tribofilms and their relationship to ionic liquid chemistry

The relationship between ionic liquid (IL) chemistry and tribological properties, such as coefficient of friction, wear and chemical mechanical properties, of tribofilms is examined. In this study, six phosphorous (P) based ILs (in which P is present either in the anion or cation or in both) were chosen to examine the role of different cations and anions. The six ILs used as additives were blended in group I base oil at 0.1 wt% P treatment rate and their tribological performance was evaluated using cylinders in a reciprocating flat test configuration in pure sliding contact. Tests using ZDDP at 0.1 wt% P and base oil were also conducted for baseline comparison. All ILs exhibited comparable or lower coefficients of friction compared to ZDDP, which has a higher but consistent coefficient of friction for the duration of the test. IL N_DEHP and P_TFSI exhibited comparable or slightly better wear protection compared to ZDDP, whereas N_DBDTP, P_TMPP, P_DMP and P_DEDTP exhibited worse wear results than ZDDP. XANES analysis of pure IL standards and their tribofilms indicates that the tribofilms from ILs are the result of decomposition of the IL and reaction of these decomposition products with the underlying steel substrate. No residues of the original IL were found on the wear tracks. Nano indentation results indicated that tribofilm hardness increases from the surface towards the bulk of the films, which when combined with P L edge spectra indicate that short chain phosphates formed at the surface result in lower hardness than medium chain phosphates formed in the bulk.
Solid Liquid Thermal Transport and Its Relationship with Wettability and the Interfacial Liquid Structure.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry letters

Experiments and atomistic simulations have suggested the existence of a direct correlation between the wetting properties of a surface and heat transfer across it. In this investigation, molecular dynamics simulations of surface wettability and solid liquid thermal transport were conducted in order to better understand the relationship between the surface chemistry and thermal transport. The wettability transparency of graphene coated surfaces was considered in order to investigate heat transfer across a complex interface with similar wettability as a bare surface. The results indicate that the relationship between the interfacial heat transfer and wettability is not universal. The density depletion length was found to reconcile the thermal boundary conductance calculations for different bare and graphene coated silicon surfaces.
How Do Internal and External CSR Affect Employees' Organizational Identification? A Perspective from the Group Engagement Model
Venue: Front. Psychol.

The literature examines the impact of firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on employees' organizational identification without considering that such activities tend to have different targets. This study explores how perceived external CSR (efforts directed toward external stakeholders) and perceived internal CSR (efforts directed toward employees) activities influence employees' organizational identification. In so doing, it examines the alternative underlying mechanisms through which perceived external and internal CSR activities build employees' identification. Applying the taxonomy prescribed by the group engagement model, the study argues that the effects of perceived external and internal CSR flow through two competing mechanisms: perceived external prestige and perceived internal respect, respectively. Further, it is suggested that calling orientation (how employees see their work contributions) moderates the effects induced by these alternative forms of CSR. The model draws on survey data collected from a sample of 414 employees across five large multinationals in Pakistan. The results obtained using structural equation modeling support these hypotheses, reinforcing the notion that internal and external CSR operate through different mediating mechanisms and more interestingly employees' calling orientation moderates these relationships to a significant degree. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of results are discussed in detail.