nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I study of MRX34, a liposomal miR 34a mimic, administered twice weekly in patients with advanced solid tumors
Venue: Investigational New Drugs

SummaryPurpose Naturally occurring tumor suppressor microRNA 34a (miR 34a) downregulates the expression of >30 oncogenes across multiple oncogenic pathways, as well as genes involved in tumor immune evasion, but is lost or under expressed in many malignancies. This first in human, phase I study assessed the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity of MRX34, a liposomal miR 34a mimic, in patients with advanced solid tumors.  Adult patients with solid tumors refractory to standard treatment were enrolled in a standard 3 3 dose escalation trial. MRX34 was given intravenously twice weekly (BIW) for three weeks in 4 week cycles.  Forty seven patients with various solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n 14) were enrolled. Median age was 60 years, median prior therapies was 4 (range, 1 12) and most were Caucasian (68% and male (57% Most common adverse events (AEs) included fever (all grade /G3% 64/2) fatigue (57/13) back pain (57/11) nausea (49/2) diarrhea (40/11) anorexia (36/4) and vomiting (34/4) Laboratory abnormalities included lymphopenia (G3%/G4% 23/9) neutropenia (13/11) thrombocytopenia (17/0) increased AST (19/4) hyperglycemia (13/2) and hyponatremia (19/2) Dexamethasone premedication was required to manage infusion related AEs. The MTD for non HCC patients was 110 mg/m2, with two patients experiencing dose limiting toxicities of G3 hypoxia and enteritis at 124 mg/m2. The half life was >24 h, and Cmax and AUC increased with increasing dose. One patient with HCC achieved a prolonged confirmed PR lasting 48 weeks, and four patients experienced SD lasting =4 cycles.  MRX34 treatment with dexamethasone premedication was associated with acceptable safety and showed evidence of antitumor activity in a subset of patients with refractory advanced solid tumors. The MTD for the BIW schedule was 110 mg/m2 for non HCC and 93 mg/m2 for HCC patients. Additional dose schedules of MRX34 have been explored to improve tolerability.
Biphasic micro LED driver for optogenetics
Venue: 2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)

Optogenetics is a gene therapy technique which utilizes high radiance light to stimulate the genetically modified nerve cells. An optical delivery method in brain tissue for optogenetics can be performed using incorporated micro LEDs. Optrode lifespan can be affected by the electrodes degradation caused by the generated charges over the tissue after long term stimulation. Here, we propose a biphasic LED driving method to balance the charge over the brain tissue. This is done by sending bidirectional pulses and providing different modes of operation for micro LEDs using the designed H tree driver circuit. The proposed structure and included functionalities enable a full range of control on micro LEDs biasing where a tissue ground can provide the needed shielding for the device. The proposed driver is designed using standard 0.35mm CMOS technology.
Axillary lymph node micrometastases decrease triple negative early breast cancer survival
Venue: British Journal of Cancer

Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are the most deadly form of breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Axillary lymph node involvement (ALNI) has been described to be prognostic in BC taken as a whole, but its prognostic value in each subtype is unclear. We explored the prognostic impact of ALNI and especially of small size axillary metastases in early TNBCs.We analysed in this multicentre study all patients treated for early TNBC in 12 French cancer centres. We explored the correlation between clinicopathological data and ALNI, with a specific focus on the dichotomisation between macrometastases and occult metastases, which is defined as the presence of isolated tumour cells or micrometastases. The prognostic value of ALNI both in terms of disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was also explored.We included 1237 TNBC patients. Five year DFS and OS were 83.7% and 88.5% respectively. The identified independent prognostic features for DFS were tumour size >20 mm (hazard ratio (HR)=1.86; 95% CI: 1.11 3.10, P=0.018) lymphovascular invasion (HR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.21 2.34, P=0.002) and ALNI both in case of macrometastases (HR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.38 2.81, P<0.0001) and occult metastases (HR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.1 2.71, P=0.019) DFS and OS were similar between tumours with occult metastases and macrometastases. Tumours presenting at least two pejorative features (out of ALNI, lymphovascular invasion and large tumour size) displayed a significantly poorer DFS in both the training set and validation set, independently of chemotherapy administration. Tumours with no more than one of the above cited pejorative features had a 5 year OS of 90% vs 70% for other cases (P<0.0001).Conclusions:Axillary lymph node involvement is a key prognostic feature for early TNBC when isolated tumour cells were identified in lymph nodes. This impact is independent of chemotherapy use.
Sustainability Benefits and Challenges of Inter Organizational Collaboration in Bio Based Business: A Systematic Literature Review

Bio based businesses are often considered to be sustainable. However, they are also linked to sustainability challenges such as deforestation and soil erosion. Encouraged to exploit innovative solutions and enhance sustainability, organizations engaged in bio based activities extensively explore collaboration possibilities with external partners. The objective of this paper is to integrate the available knowledge on sustainability of inter organisational collaborations in bio based businesses, while considering the three aspects of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. We collected data from three academic sources Web of Science, Scopus, and EconLit and conducted a systematic literature review. The results show the importance of geographical proximity and complementarity in creating sustainability benefits such as reduced emissions, reduced waste, economic synergies, and socio economic activities. Based on the findings, we have developed a framework that illustrates sustainability benefits and challenges. Interestingly, the studies emphasize sustainability benefits more in emerging than in industrialised economies, especially relating to the social aspects of sustainability. In conclusion, although the scholars have not discussed mitigation of several sustainability challenges in bio based businesses, such as land use conflicts, they have found evidence of vital sustainability benefits, such as energy availability, lower emissions, improved socio economic life, and poverty reduction, which are essential in emerging economies.
Power loss due to soiling on solar panel: A review

The power output delivered from a photovoltaic module highly depends on the amount of irradiance, which reaches the solar cells. Many factors determine the ideal output or optimum yield in a photovoltaic module. However, the environment is one of the contributing parameters which directly affect the photovoltaic performance. The authors review and evaluate key contributions to the understanding, performance effects, and mitigation of power loss due to soiling on a solar panel. Electrical characteristics of PV (Voltage and current) are discussed with respect to shading due to soiling. Shading due to soiling is divided in two categories, namely, soft shading such as air pollution, and hard shading which occurs when a solid such as accumulated dust blocks the sunlight. The result shows that soft shading affects the current provided by the PV module, but the voltage remains the same. In hard shading, the performance of the PV module depends on whether some cells are shaded or all cells of the PV module are shaded. If some cells are shaded, then as long as the unshaded cells receive solar irradiance, there will be some output although there will be a decrease in the voltage output of the PV module. This study also present a few cleaning method to prevent from dust accumulation on the surface of solar arrays.
A NLP Based Framework to Support Document Verification as a Service
Venue: 2016 IEEE 20th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC)

Many enterprise systems are document intensive that requires extensive manual verification in the form of maker and checker. However, a maker checker based verification raises several challenges with respect to increase in cost and time of verification. Furthermore, any manual labor intensive verification is not free from human oversight and can lead to costly errors. Therefore, to alleviate the challenges arising out of human verification of document intensive systems, we propose a rule based framework that enables automatic verification of document based systems. The framework uses ontology based knowledge representation techniques along with appropriate natural language processing methods to extract operational rules from business documents and then use suitable reasoning engine for verification. The above framework is validated in the light of a real life case study namely International Trade that deals with several critical financial documents like Letter of Credit, Bill of Lading, Commercial Invoice etc.
Constrained Clustering With Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and symmetric NMF (SymNMF) have been shown to be effective for clustering linearly separable data and nonlinearly separable data, respectively. Nevertheless, many practical applications demand constrained algorithms in which a small number of constraints in the form of must link and cannot link are available. In this paper, we propose an NMF based constrained clustering framework in which the similarity between two points on a must link is enforced to approximate 1 and the similarity between two points on a cannot link is enforced to approximate 0. We then formulate the framework using NMF and SymNMF to deal with clustering of linearly separable data and nonlinearly separable data, respectively. Furthermore, we present multiplicative update rules to solve them and show the correctness and convergence. Experimental results on various text data sets, University of California, Irvine (UCI) data sets, and gene expression data sets demonstrate the superiority of our algorithms over existing constrained clustering algorithms.
Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor: report of one case.
Venue: Translational gastroenterology and hepatology

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (PHNET) is extremely rare. In our current case, a 41 year old female was admitted in the department of breast surgery of our center to undergo the radical resection of right breast cancer 2 weeks ago. The pre operative examinations did not show any liver space occupying lesion. She had no carcinoid syndrome. Liver contrast enhanced MRI showed that the tumor was remarkably enhanced in the arterial phase; an adenoma was considered, although the possibility of malignancy could not be excluded. She had a previous history of high blood pressure for 3 years, and the blood pressure was maintained around 130/80 mmHg by oral medications. She was allergic to penicillin. She underwent right hemihepatectomy in the department of hepatobiliary surgery in our center. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the lesion was a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) Post operative somatostatin receptor (SSTR) scintigraphy, 18F FDG, PET/CT, 68Ga DOTA TATE PET/CT did not reveal any definite tumor sign in liver or other sites. The patient was diagnosed as PHNET, which was treated by radical resection.
Spectral Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Images Using Probabilistic Weighted Strategy for Multifeature Fusion
Venue: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

A hyperspectral image classification method based on probabilistic weighted fusion of multiple spectral spatial features is proposed in this letter. First, dimensionality reduction and feature extraction of hyperspectral images are conducted by minimum noise fraction. Then, two spectral spatial features are composed through a combination of texture features and multiscale morphological features with characteristic images obtained by minimum noise fraction. Next, a support vector machine classifier is employed to classify each spectral spatial feature. Finally, a probabilistic weighted fusion model is established and applied for probabilistic fusion of the classification output of every single feature. The proposed method is validated by classification experiments using Reflective Optics Spectrographic Imaging System (ROSIS) and Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) images, which achieves the overall accuracy of 96.32% and 96.49% respectively. The results indicate that the accuracy of hyperspectral image classification is improved effectively by the proposed method and the method has superior classification performance to other conventional multifeature fusion methods.
Clinical and Histologic Features of Lichenoid Mucocutaneous Eruptions Due to Anti Programmed Cell Death 1 and Anti Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Immunotherapy.
Venue: JAMA dermatology

Importance Antagonist antibodies to programmed cell death 1 (PD 1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD L1) have shown remarkable activity in multiple tumor types. Recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of such agents for advanced melanoma, non small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma has hastened the need to better characterize their unique toxicity profiles.  To provide a clinical and pathologic description of the lichenoid mucocutaneous adverse effects seen in patients receiving anti PD 1/PD L1 treatment.  Patients with advanced cancer who were referred to dermatology at Yale New Haven Hospital, a tertiary care hospital, after developing cutaneous adverse effects while receiving an anti PD 1 or PD L1 antibody therapy either as monotherapy or in combination with another agent were identified. Medical records from 2010 to 2015 and available skin biopsy specimens were retrospectively reviewed.  Patient demographic characteristics, concurrent medications, therapeutic regimen, type of disease, previous oncologic therapies, clinical morphology of cutaneous lesions, treatment of rash, peripheral blood eosinophil count, tumor response, and skin histologic characteristics if biopsies were available.  Patients were 13 men and 7 women, with a mean (range) age of 64 (46 86) years. The majority of cases (16 [80% had a clinical morphology consisting of erythematous papules with scale in a variety of distributions. Biopsies were available from 17 patients; 16 (94% showed features of lichenoid interface dermatitis. Eighteen patients were treated with topical corticosteroids, and only 1 patient required discontinuation of anti PD 1/PD L1 therapy. Only 4 of 20 patients (20% developed peripheral eosinophilia. Sixteen patients (80% were concurrently taking medications that have been previously reported to cause lichenoid drug eruptions.  Papular and nodular eruptions with scale, as well as mucosal erosions, with lichenoid features on histologic analysis were a distinct finding seen with anti PD 1/PD L1 therapies and were generally manageable with topical steroids. Concurrent medications may play a role in the development of this cutaneous adverse effect.
Usability evaluation of Electronic Health Records using user integrated Heuristic Walkthrough method
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT)

This research paper aims to evaluate to what extent users such as medical professionals can collaborate with other evaluators in the usability evaluation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) The Heuristic Walkthrough (HW) method is a common technique in evaluating the usability of EHRs. It consists of two usability methods, Heuristic Evaluation (HE) and Cognitive Walkthrough (CW) After considering all participants, parameters, user interface elements and the usability characteristics in the evaluation process, issues have been identified in some areas of the HE and CW methods. As key findings, this study identifies lack of usability issues in EHRs negatively affecting user satisfaction with both techniques in the current HW method. The main aim of this report is to evaluate and extend the existing model and propose a new method termed `User Integrated HW' (UIHW) to eliminate the existing issues. Therefore, a Likert scale is implemented together with an open ended questionnaire for both, HE and CW methods, to enhance the user integration as well as to obtain user reviews about the subject matter to support usability expertise.
Malaria Vaccine Development: Recent Advances alongside the Barriers

Although malaria control efforts have currently reduced much of the morbidity and mortality, yet malaria remains a hard problem in many parts of Africa. Together with the existing malaria control efforts, an effective malaria vaccine is expected to act as an important weapon to fight against malaria burden. Developing an efficacious malaria vaccine is a top priority in the agenda of global health program. However, the multi stage life cycle, antigenic variation, and vast genetic diversity of malaria parasites made malaria vaccine development difficult for years. This study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the status of malaria vaccine development through different obstacles in the path. Vaccine trials currently upgraded to yield a partially effective and short lived immunity with the pre erythrocytic subunit vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, which is likely to be the first vaccine to be licensed for malaria control and elimination in sub Saharan Africa. A promising result was also observed in the early trials with parenteral administration of the whole sporozoite vaccine in malaria naive adults, where a complete protection against malaria was demonstrated. The subunit vaccines may not develop a strong sterile immunity among the malaria endemic community. Therefore, moving forward to the multi stage vaccine comprising antigens from the pre erythrocytic, erythrocytic and sexual stages of parasite lifecycle could be the best tool to neutralize the merozoites emerging from hepatocytes and red blood cells, and to break the sexual stage transmission. Furthermore, deep understanding of the potential vaccine targets and how immunity acts is a key roadmap to develop a fully effective vaccine against malaria.
Responding to Negative Public Attitudes towards Immigration through Analysis and Policy: regional and unemployment dimensions

This paper examines two key dimensions of the impact of immigration for Australia and related policy aspects. One is sub national and the other is national. They are, first, the regional location aspects of immigration and, second, the aggregate unemployment implications of immigration. These are chosen so as to focus on two important issues that condition public attitudes towards immigration. In relation to the first, there is a common positive view that channelling migration towards regional areas assists regional development and reduces pressure on metropolitan areas. The paper reviews regional concepts embodied in Australian immigration policy and the ways in which visa arrangements have implemented policies geared towards the regional dispersal of immigrants. Using official data, it discusses the demographic impacts of these policies and, in particular, considers the extent to which immigrants to regional Australia remain there over the longer term. In relation to unemployment, a common concern is that immigrants take jobs from local workers. The paper examines using statistical regression methodology the relationship between immigration and national aggregate unemployment in Australia. It evaluates the net consequences of immigration for both existing residents and new arrivals together. The paper concludes that, with good policy design in each case, regional location encouragement can be effective for immigrants and that immigrants need not take more jobs than they create. The analysis demonstrates that mixed methods approaches to important social science issues can be productive, and helpful also for policy. Evidence, such as that presented in this paper, offers a powerful basis from which to counter negative public and political discourses surrounding immigration in contemporary Australia.
Assessment and Correlation of Urea and Creatinine Levels in Saliva and Serum of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes and Hypertension A Research Study.
Venue: Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR

Serum urea and creatinine are most widely accepted parameters to assess Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)status as well as to assess renal status in susceptible diabetic and hypertensive subjects.  To assess and correlate the serum and salivary urea and creatinine levels of CKD, diabetes mellitus and hypertensive subjects.  This cross sectional study was done on 120 subjects involving 30 CKD, 30 diabetic, 30 hypertensive subjects and 30 healthy controls. After collection of saliva and blood samples, urea was analyzed by enzymatic calorimetric method and creatinine by Jaffe's method. Kruskal Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test were used for comparison between different groups and correlations between serum and salivary parameters were evaluated by applying Spearman's correlation test. The p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.  The median serum and salivary urea and creatinine levels were highest in CKD group followed by diabetic, hypertensive groups and controls. The correlation coefficient for serum urea and salivary urea was 0.977 and for serum creatinine and salivary creatinine was 0.976, with p value <0.001.  This study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between salivary and serum urea and creatinine. Thus, salivary urea and creatinine levels can be used non invasively to detect serum urea and creatinine levels respectively in renal disease and diabetic and hypertensive nephropathic cases.
Renewable and nuclear electricity: Comparison of environmental impacts

Given the widely acknowledged negative impacts of fossil fuels, both on human health and on potential climate change, it is of interest to compare the impacts of low carbon alternative energy sources such as nuclear energy, hydropower, solar, wind and biomass. In this paper, we review the literature in order to summarise the impacts of the different technologies in terms of their materials and energy requirements, their emissions during operation, their health effects during operation, the accident risks, and the associated waste streams. We follow up these comparisons with some more anecdotal evidence on selected impacts that are either particularly topical or are important but less commonly addressed. These include impacts of wind turbines on persons and on bird life, the underestimated problems with biomass, and concerns about biodiversity reduction. Finally we address the public attitudes towards both renewable energy technologies and to nuclear power. The conclusion is drawn that energy policies of many countries are perhaps more strongly influenced by public and political perceptions of available technologies than they are by rational assessment of the actual benefits and drawbacks. Policy recommendations follow from this conclusion.