nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic Keyword Search on Large Scale Semi Structured Data

Keyword search provides a simple and user friendly mechanism for information search, and has become increasingly popular for accessing structured or semi structured data. However, there are two open issues of keyword search on semi/structured data which are not well addressed by existing work yet. First, while an increasing amount of investigation has been done in this important area, most existing work concentrates on efficiency instead of search quality and may fail to deliver high quality results from semantic perspectives. Majority of the existing work generates minimal sub graph results that are oblivious to the entity and relationship semantics embedded in the data and in the user query. There are also studies that define results to be subtrees or subgraphs that contain all query keywords but are not necessarily "minimal" However, such result construction method suffers from the same problem of semantic mis alignment between data and user query. In this work the semantics of how to define results that can capture users' search intention and then the generation of search intention aware results is studied. Second, most existing research is incapable of handling large scale structured data. However, as data volume has seen rapid growth in recent years, the problem of how to efficiently process keyword queries on large scale structured data becomes important. MapReduce is widely acknowledged as an effective programming model to process big data. For keyword query processing on data graph, first graph algorithms which can efficiently return query results that are consistent with users' search intention are proposed. Then these algorithms are migrated to MapReduce to support big data. For keyword query processing on schema graph, it first transforms a keyword query into multiple SQL queries, then all generated SQL queries are run on the structured data. Therefore it is crucial to find the optimal way to execute a SQL query using MapReduce, which can minimize the processing time. In this work, a
Leadership, partnerships, and organizational development: exploring components of effectiveness in three full service community schools

Full service community schools are viewed as an approach to improve educational opportunities and outcomes for underserved student populations. The realization of these goals, however, is not guaranteed. According to Richardson's (2009) research based model of highly effective community schools (HECS) the effectiveness of full service community schools depends on 3 interrelated components: leadership, partnerships, and organizational development. This qualitative case study uses the HECS model to examine different levels of effectiveness among 3 full service community schools in an urban district in the eastern United States. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of Richardson's model for practice and research.
Voices of English Teachers and Students on Blended Culture as a Model of English Language Teaching and Learning at Vocational High Schools in Yogyakarta

This study deals with the voices of English teachers and their students on the use of blended culture as a model of English language teaching at vocational high schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It primarily aims at describing the voices of the utilisation of blended culture and documenting the difficulties encountered by English teachers and their students. To obtain the objectives, the researcher invited 20 English teachers and 300 students from 9 vocational high schools in Yogyakarta to be involved in this study on voluntary bases. The research instruments were questionnaires, observation sheets, and interview guides. To back up the data collection, the researcher provided video recording. The data were analysed by using descriptive qualitative techniques. Research findings are as follows. First, most of the English teachers of vocational high schools tend to focus more on the development of microskills (grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation) than on the macroskills of English: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Second, most English teachers state that they have not been familiar with the model of blended culture used in the process of English language teaching and learning (ELTL) This is supported by students' responses during the interviews, reporting that their English teachers do not highlight the incorporation of target and local culture in the process of ELTL. Third, teachers show strong supports for the utilisation of blended culture as a model of ELTL at vocational high schools. Fourth, efforts are needed for designing lessons that incorporate blended culture and importing local and target culture into the textbooks in the teaching of English at vocational high schools. In summary, blended culture has to be applied in the process of ELTL because blended culture represents the use of language according to the contexts to facilitate students to maximally acquire the target language. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3p459
Evaluation of nutritional status and support in children with congenital heart disease
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

The objective of this disease was to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease (A total of 125 children with CHD, under 6 months of age, were divided into four groups: no pulmonary hypertension (PH) or cyanosis (group 1, n=47) isolated cyanosis (group 2, n=52) isolated PH (group 3, n=16) and PH and cyanosis (group 4, n=10) Six children died at 6 months (n=4) 12 months (n=1) and 19 months (n=1) The remaining children were followed up for 24 months. Prevalence of moderate to severe malnutrition (weight/weight for height <80% caloric intake and medications were compared between the four groups.Moderate or severe malnutrition was more frequent in group 4 (100% compared with others groups (group 1, 20% group 2, 16.7% and group 3, 50% P<0.05) Low oral caloric intake was more frequent in group 3 (71.4% and group 4 (75% than in group 1 (28% and 2 (28.6% (P<0.05) Food enrichment was practised in half of the children of group 4 and rarely in other groups (group 1, 15.8% group 2, 8.6% and group 3, 11.1% P<0.05) Enteral feeding was used more often in groups 3 (33.3% and 4 (50% than in groups 1 (15.8% or 2 (14.3% P<0.05).Conclusions:Moderate or severe malnutrition is present in 15% of children with CHD, and it is more frequent in case of PH. Half of these children demonstrate low caloric intake, whereas few have proper nutritional support.
Sudden cardiac death during exercise in patients with congenital heart disease: the exercise paradox and the challenge of appropriate counselling.
Venue: European heart journal

This editorial refers to 'Sudden unexpected death in children with congenital heart defects'[1] by J. Jortveit et al on page 621. The population of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is growing rapidly. It is well appreciated by congenital cardiologists that the majority of CHD patients are not cured, and sequelae as well as late complications are prevalent.1 One of the major causes of mortality in this population is sudden, mostly arrhythmic,  While not being the leading cause of mortality in the majority of CHD subgroups, sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a particularly emotive subject inducing profound reactions from medical professionals, families, and society. This is due the fact that death occurs unexpectedly, often in patients who are otherwise well and lead a relatively normal life. Risk stratification has, therefore, been a major focus of CHD research at many institutions. Despite decades of effort, identifying CHD patients at particularly high risk of SCD and those who would most likely benefit from the implantation of defibrillator cardioverters (ICDs) remains challenging. While different risk factors and risk scores have been developed, their value for identifying patients at risk is still limited.3 5 On the other hand, implantation of ICDs in young CHD patients is associated with high morbidity and risk of inadequate shocks, ultimately also impacting on the quality of life in this population.6 Sudden death can occur both at rest and during exercise. However, it has been well appreciated that exercise is associated with an increased risk  #fn 2
Sexual Function Is Correlated With Body Image and Partnership Quality in Female University Students.
Venue: The journal of sexual medicine

According to the World Health Organization definition, sexual health is more than mere physical sexual function; it also encompasses emotional, mental, and social well being in relation to sexuality and is not merely the absence of dysfunction or disease. In line with this definition, various studies have reported that female sexual function is associated with partnership quality, body image, and body self acceptance.  To investigate whether female sexual function is influenced by (i) body self acceptance and (ii) partnership quality, as important factors in psychosocial well being, and (iii) whether the effects of body self acceptance are moderated by partnership quality.  In total, 2,685 female medical students no older than 35 years from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland completed an anonymous online questionnaire comprising the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Self Acceptance of the Body Scale. Respondents were asked to state whether they had been in a steady partnership in the preceding 6 months. When present, the quality of the partnership status was rated (enamoredness, love, friendship, or conflicted) To determine correlations, group differences, and moderating effects among body self acceptance, partnership quality, and sexual function, the data were analyzed using Spearman correlations, Kruskal Wallis tests, and analyses of variance.  Female sexual function (FSFI total score) RESULTS (i) In sexually active women, higher FSFI scores were significantly associated with greater body self acceptance and a steady partnership during the preceding 6 months. (ii) Total FSFI scores were highest in women who described their partnership as enamored (29.45) or loving (28.55) Lower scores were observed in single women (26.71) and in women who described their partnerships as friendship (25.76) or as emotionally conflicted (23.41) (iii) Total FSFI score was affected by an interaction between body self acceptance and partnership quality. Body self acceptance was positively associated with FSFI total scores, particularly in single women and women in emotionally conflicted partnerships.  Our findings suggest that in young women, body self acceptance and partnership quality are positively associated with better sexual function, and that high body self acceptance might buffer the negative impact on sexual function of partnership quality. The present data suggest that psychological interventions to improve the body image of younger women can positively affect sexual function and thereby improve sexual health.
Environmental factors that shape biofilm formation
Venue: Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

Cells respond to the environment and alter gene expression. Recent studies have revealed the social aspects of bacterial life, such as biofilm formation. Biofilm formation is largely affected by the environment, and the mechanisms by which the gene expression of individual cells affects biofilm development have attracted interest. Environmental factors determine the cell's decision to form or leave a biofilm. In addition, the biofilm structure largely depends on the environment, implying that biofilms are shaped to adapt to local conditions. Second messengers such as cAMP and c di GMP are key factors that link environmental factors with gene regulation. Cell to cell communication is also an important factor in shaping the biofilm. In this short review, we will introduce the basics of biofilm formation and further discuss environmental factors that shape biofilm formation. Finally, the state of the art tools that allow us investigate biofilms under various conditions are discussed.  Environmental factors affect biofilm formation throughout their development.
Inhibition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to host cells
Venue: Scientific reports

Owing to the growing infectious diseases caused by eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, it is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial agents against clinical pathogenic infections. Biofilm formation and invasion into the host cells are vital processes during pathogenic colonization and infection. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic growth, biofilm formation and invasion. Interestingly, although the synthesized AuNPs had no significant toxicity to the tested pathogens, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the nanoparticles strongly inhibited pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) Further investigations revealed that AuNPs abundantly bound to the pathogen cells, which likely contributed to their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and invasion. Moreover, treatment of AuNPs led to activation of immune response related genes in DPSCs, which may enhance the activity of host immune system against the pathogens. Zeta potential analysis and polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating tests further showed that the interaction between pathogen cells and AuNPs is associated with electrostatic attractions. Our findings shed novel light on the application of nanomaterials in fighting against clinical pathogens, and imply that the traditional growth inhibition test is not the only way to evaluate the drug effect during the screening of antimicrobial agents.
Cyclic di AMP mediates biofilm formation
Venue: Molecular microbiology

Cyclic di AMP (c di AMP) is an emerging second messenger in bacteria. It has been shown to play important roles in bacterial fitness and virulence. However, transduction of c di AMP signaling in bacteria and the role of c di AMP in biofilm formation are not well understood. The level of c di AMP is modulated by activity of di adenylyl cyclase that produces c di AMP and phosphodiesterase (PDE) that degrades c di AMP. In this study, we determined that increased c di AMP levels by deletion of the pdeA gene coding for a PDE promoted biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Deletion of pdeA upregulated expression of gtfB, the gene coding for a major glucan producing enzyme. Inactivation of gtfB blocked the increased biofilm by the pdeA mutant. Two c di AMP binding proteins including CabPA (SMU_1562) and CabPB (SMU_1708) were identified. Interestingly, only CabPA deficiency inhibited both the increased biofilm formation and the upregulated expression of GtfB observed in the pdeA mutant. In addition, CabPA but not CabPB interacted with VicR, a known transcriptional factor that regulates expression of gtfB, suggesting that a signaling link between CabPA and GtfB through VicR. Increased biofilm by the pdeA deficiency also enhanced bacterial colonization of Drosophila in vivo. Taken together, our studies reveal a new role of c di AMP in mediating biofilm formation through a CabPA/VicR/GtfB signaling network in S. mutans.
Inhibitory Effect of Sophorolipid on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Hyphal Growth
Venue: Scientific reports

Candida albicans causes superficial and life threatening systemic infections. These are difficult to treat often due to drug resistance, particularly because C. albicans biofilms are inherently resistant to most antifungals. Sophorolipid (SL) a glycolipid biosurfactant, has been shown to have antimicrobial and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of SL on C. albicans biofilm formation and preformed biofilms. SL was found to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation as well as reduce the viability of preformed biofilms. Moreover, SL, when used along with amphotericin B (AmB) or fluconazole (FLZ) was found to act synergistically against biofilm formation and preformed biofilms. Effect of SL on C. albicans biofilm formation was further visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) which revealed absence of hyphae, typical biofilm architecture and alteration in the morphology of biofilm cells. We also found that SL downregulates the expression of hypha specific genes HWP1, ALS1, ALS3, ECE1 and SAP4, which possibly explains the inhibitory effect of SL on hyphae and biofilm formation.
Understanding Error Propagation in GPGPU Applications
Venue: SC16: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis

GPUs have emerged as general purpose accelerators in high performance computing (HPC) and scientific applications. However, the reliability characteristics of GPU applications have not been investigated in depth. While error propagation has been extensively investigated for non GPU applications, GPU applications have a very different programming model which can have a significant effect on error propagation in them. We perform an empirical study to understand and characterize error propagation in GPU applications. We build a compilerbased fault injection tool for GPU applications to track error propagation, and define metrics to characterize propagation in GPU applications. We find GPU applications exhibit significant error propagation for some kinds of errors, but not others, and the behaviour is highly application specific. We observe the GPUCPU interaction boundary naturally limits error propagation in these applications compared to traditional non GPU applications. We also formulate various guidelines for the design of faulttolerance mechanisms in GPU applications based on our results.
Validation of Course Ontology Elements for Automatic Question Generation
Venue: eLEOT

Recent research has led to the emergence of ontology based question generation and aims to benefit instructors by providing support and intelligent assistance for the automatic generation of questions. However, existing ontologies are not designed mainly for this purpose and the concern is that an ontology will not be competent enough to act as a semantic source for the question generation process. Therefore, the aim of this work is to validate how well the elements represented in a course ontology can be used for the purpose of automatic question generation. In this work, we choose to validate Operating System ontologies and identify related question sources from textbooks on this subject as competency questions. Finally, the result shows that the evaluated ontologies need more modification if they are to be used for question generation and we also suggest a list of concept naming patterns that need to be considered for such ontology modification.
A data mining approach to ontology learning for automatic content related question answering in MOOCs.

The advent of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) allows massive volume of registrants to enrol in these MOOCs. This research aims to offer MOOCs registrants with automatic content related feedback to fulfil their cognitive needs. A framework is proposed which consists of three modules which are the subject ontology learning module, the short text classification module, and the question answering module. Unlike previous research, to identify relevant concepts for ontology learning a regular expression parser approach is used. Also, the relevant concepts are extracted from unstructured documents. To build the concept hierarchy, a frequent pattern mining approach is used which is guided by a heuristic function to ensure that sibling concepts are at the same level in the hierarchy. As this process does not require specific lexical or syntactic information, it can be applied to any subject. To validate the approach, the resulting ontology is used in a question answering system which analyses students' content related questions and generates answers for them. Textbook end of chapter questions/answers are used to validate the question answering system. The resulting ontology is compared vs. the use of Text2Onto for the question answering system, and it achieved favourable results. Finally, different indexing approaches based on a subject's ontology are investigated when classifying short text in MOOCs forum discussion data; the investigated indexing approaches are: unigram based, concept based and hierarchical concept indexing. The experimental results show that the ontology based feature indexing approaches outperform the unigram based indexing approach. Experiments are done in binary classification and multiple labels classification settings The results are consistent and show that hierarchical concept indexing outperforms both concept based and unigram based indexing. The BAGGING and random forests classifiers achieved the best result among the tested classifiers.
Ontological semantic text analysis and the question answering system using data from ontology
Venue: 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)

Today, with an avalanching increase in information, the task of developing the systems that allow user to quickly search desired information in large text volumes is becoming more and more urgent. An example of such system is the question answering one. In the work we describe an architecture of such system which work is based on utilizing data from an ontology. We propose an algorithm for automatic update of the ontology basing on use of an expert system and ontological rules for logical inference. We also describe an ontology with the structure based on object oriented model and describe the functions that are used to update the ontology and extract data from it. We describe the way to update the ontology and to modify the stored data using the rules stored in the ontology. For writing ontological semantic rules we use the Drools expert system that utilizes the PHREK algorithm for fast pattern matching. We analyze the issues of using Apache Spark system for distributed implementation of the algorithm.
Relationship Between Video Game Events and Player Emotion Based on EEG
Venue: HCI

Real time immersive virtual dynamic environments in video game are gaining ground recently. A task is correctly detecting user emotions during video gaming. However, there is a lack of study on emotion changes triggered by events in video games and whether we can predict the potential engagement of players. In this work, we carry out an EEG based study on the relationship between emotion changes and events in video gaming. Twenty participants played 3 types of video games and their EEG data were used to study two common emotions in game playing: excitement and frustration. Highly linear correlation with statistical significance between game events and emotion changes was found. This relationship may provide game designer valuable reference to improve game designing with better user satisfaction.