nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Premier niveau de competence pour l'echographie clinique en medecine d'urgence. Recommandations de la Societe francaise de medecine d'urgence par consensus formalise

ResumeL'utilisation de l'echographie en medecine d'urgence est incontournable. La Societe francaise de medecine d'urgence a pris l'initiative de l'elaboration de recommandations d'un premier niveau de competence d'echographie clinique en medecine d'urgence (ECMU) dans son champ d'investigation et sur ses modalites d'enseignement et de maintien des competences. Ces recommandations s'appliquent a la pratique de la medecine d'urgence dans ses differentes modalites d'exercice: intra et extrahospitaliere, medecine de catastrophe, medecine d'exception, milieu isole ou perilleux. La methodologie utilisee est issue de la methode Recommandations par consensus formalise publiee par la Haute Autorite de sante (HAS) et de la methode Delphi pour quantifier l'accord professionnel. Ce choix a ete fait devant l'insuffisance de litterature de fort niveau de preuve dans certaines thematiques et de l'existence de controverses. Ce document presente les items juges appropries par les cotateurs. Ces recommandations definissent un premier niveau de competence en ECMU.AbstractThe use of ultrasound in emergency medicine cannot be avoided. These guidelines have been developed by the French Society of Emergency Medicine (Societe francaise de medecine d'urgence) for clinical skills in ultrasound first level in emergency medicine (echographie clinique en medecine d'urgence [ECMU] This guideline covers emergency medicine field of investigation, teaching methods and skills maintenance. These guidelines can be applied to emergency medicine practice in its different modalities of exercise: in and out of hospital environment, disaster medicine, isolated or dangerous areas. The methodology is based on the "Recommendations by Formal Consensus" method published by the French National Authority for Health (HAS) and the Delphi method to quantify the professional agreement. The lack of high level evidence publications and the existence of controversy were the main reasons to choose this methodology. This document presents the items deemed appropriate by the raters. These guidelines define the first level of competence in ECMU.
Effect of green transformational leadership on green creativity: A study of tourist hotels

This study examined the role played by green transformational leadership in promoting green creativity through green organizational identity. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from managers and employees working in tourist hotels in Uttarakhand, India. In order to collect data for this study, 250 hotel employees and their 250 immediate supervisors were contacted. The findings of this study revealed that green transformational leadership had a positive influence on green organizational identity which leads to the promotion of green creativity in the organization. Further, it was also found that resource commitment acted as a moderator in the relationship between green organizational identity and green creativity. Hence, hotels have to increase their resource commitment for promotion of green creativity amongst their employees. On the basis of the study's findings, the implications for practitioners are discussed.
Assessment of sharps waste management practices in a referral hospital

Sharps waste is part of infectious waste generated in health facilities, management of which is critical. This study aimed at assessing the sharps waste management practices in a referral hospital. The study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data on sharps waste containers (SWCs) management in generation rates was collected for 60 days, while waste incineration data was collected from 65 randomly selected days. This study gives a picture on how sharps wastes are managed from generation to final disposal. The average weight per used safety box observed in this study (1.54 kg/box) was far above the average weight of a normally filled safety box (0.79 kg/box) indicating that most of the safety boxes are overfilled at MNH. The overfilling of SWCs at MNH was at an average of 10.7% of all the SWCs collected, with a maximum value of 30% indicating a problem in sharps waste management within the hospital. The sharps waste generation rate observed in a referral hospital (40.8 kg/day) was higher than values reported in district hospitals, but the sharps waste proportion in the infectious medical waste incinerated at MNH was low (at 4% on average) Increasing sharps waste proportion in the waste load increased the incinerator performance in terms of fuel effectiveness. The amount of ash collected from the incinerator per day was observed to be minimal compared to literature data. The final ashes were 5.4% of the total waste loaded, which indicates that the incinerator is more effective in weight reduction, rated at 94.6% efficient.  Sharps waste, sharps waste container, overfilled safety box, sharps waste proportion, infectious waste, incinerator ash, fuel effectiveness
IN SITU SHEAR MODULUS REDUCTION COMPUTATION USING SEISMIC INTERFEROMETRY BY DECONVOLUTION FROM BOREHOLE AND SURFACE DATA: THEORY AND EXAMPLES

We use seismic interferometry by deconvolution to estimate the travel time between two receivers located at the surface and at the bottom of a soil column having strong motion recordings. Since the distance between sensors is known, the computed travel time can be used to estimate the velocity of propagating waves in the medium. In previous studies, several records having different PGA's have been used to estimate the material degradation by computing the lag time either by cross correlation or deconvolution techniques. In this study we show that it is possible to obtain reliable results using a single couple of records if nonlinear effects are triggered. First, some numerical tests are conducted to validate the method with a monolayer soil column, with well known mechanical properties. As a borehole input, we use the record of the Northridge earthquake of 1994 (Sylmar station rock site) while the ground motion at the surface is computed using a 1D SH nonlinear wave propagation code. Furthermore, the code allows to set constant/variable shear velocity profile for each layer and controlling the hysteretic damping following a prescribed damping ratio curve. The results show the capability of the method to compute the G/G0 curve that is compatible with the theoretical one. In addition, we assess the effect of hysteretic damping control during wave propagation. We found that this introduces artificial degradation of the backbone curve, which in turn produces permanent fictitious material degradation. Finally, we use borehole and surface accelerograms from the Mw9 Tohoku earthquake in 2011 recorded at the KiK net IBRH16 station. We estimate the plastic degradation of the first 5 m of loosely packed soil layers and monitor the temporal changes of shear modulus at this site.
Multi objective, multi period location routing model to distribute relief after earthquake by considering emergency roadway repair
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications

Natural disasters such as earthquakes impose destructive effects in the form of human injuries and damage to properties each year. Damage caused by the earthquake can disrupt traffic and highway systems, block vehicles and relief operations and make distribution operations difficult. Therefore, the repair of damaged roads in the least possible time so that distribution of relief can be done is a significant natural phenomenon after the disaster. In this study, a new mathematical integer nonlinear multi objective, multi period, multi commodity model is suggested to locate the distribution centers, for timely distribution of vital relief to the damaged areas, vehicles routing and emergency roadway repair operations. It minimizes the travel time and total cost and increases reliability of the routes. To solve the designed problem, two meta heuristic algorithms, namely non dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGAII) and multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) are offered. Then, the accuracy of mathematical models and efficiency of algorithms are assessed through numerical examples in detail.
Three stage maturity model in SME's toward industry 4.0

To address the challenges regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the diversification methodology and based on the strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0, we propose a process model as a guiding framework for Industry 4.0 collaborative diversification vision, strategy and action building. In this paper we suggest a stage process model to guide and train companies to identify new opportunities for diversification within Industry 4.0. Systematically carrying out the stages will take a company to their individual specific vision and collaborative vision between different companies in the Industry 4.0 scenario.  This new collaborative diversification methodology involves industry within the pilot program; from the diversification and capacity assessment analysis of the company`s profile, skills and technologies that dominates, to identify the diversification opportunity map and its business modeling within the Industry 4.0 paradigm.  The application of maturity models to the Industry 4.0 may help organizations to integrate this methodology into their culture. Results show a real need for guided support in developing a company specific Industry 4.0 vision and specific project planning.  Industry 4.0 promotes a vision where recent developments in information technology are expected to enable entirely new forms of cooperative engineering and manufacturing. The vision of industry 4.0 describes a whole new approach to business operations, and especially the production industries. To address the challenges regarding the concept of Industry 4.0 and the diversification methodology discussed above, and based on the strategic guidance towards Industry 4.0, we propose a unique process model as a guiding framework for Industry 4.0 collaborative diversification vision, strategy and action building.
Strategies for the Conversion of Lignin to High Value Polymeric Materials: Review and Perspective.
Venue: Chemical reviews

The majority of commodity plastics and materials are derived from petroleum based chemicals, illustrating the strong dependence on products derived from non renewable energy sources. As the most accessible, renewable form of carbon (in comparison to CO2) lignocellulosic biomass (defined as organic matter available on a renewable basis) has been acknowledged as the most logical carbon based feedstock for a variety of materials such as biofuels and chemicals. This Review focuses on methods developed to synthesize polymers derived from lignin, monolignols, and lignin derived chemicals. Major topics include the structure and processing of lignocellulosic biomass to lignin, polymers utilizing lignin as a macromonomer, synthesis of monomers and polymers from monolignols, and polymers from lignin derived chemicals, such as vanillin.
Quantifying App Store Dynamics: Longitudinal Tracking of Mental Health Apps
Venue: JMIR mHealth and uHealth

For many mental health conditions, mobile health apps offer the ability to deliver information, support, and intervention outside the clinical setting. However, there are difficulties with the use of a commercial app store to distribute health care resources, including turnover of apps, irrelevance of apps, and discordance with evidence based practice.  The primary aim of this study was to quantify the longevity and rate of turnover of mental health apps within the official Android and iOS app stores. The secondary aim was to quantify the proportion of apps that were clinically relevant and assess whether the longevity of these apps differed from clinically nonrelevant apps. The tertiary aim was to establish the proportion of clinically relevant apps that included claims of clinical effectiveness. We performed additional subgroup analyses using additional data from the app stores, including search result ranking, user ratings, and number of downloads.  We searched iTunes (iOS) and the Google Play (Android) app stores each day over a 9 month period for apps related to depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide. We performed additional app specific searches if an app no longer appeared within the main search Results On the Android platform, 50% of the search results changed after 130 days (depression) 195 days (bipolar disorder) and 115 days (suicide) Search results were more stable on the iOS platform, with 50% of the search results remaining at the end of the study period. Approximately 75% of Android and 90% of iOS apps were still available to download at the end of the study. We identified only 35.3% (347/982) of apps as being clinically relevant for depression, of which 9 (2.6% claimed clinical effectiveness. Only 3 included a full citation to a published study.  The mental health app environment is volatile, with a clinically relevant app for depression becoming unavailable to download every 2.9 days. This poses challenges for consumers and clinicians seeking relevant and long term apps, as well as for researchers seeking to evaluate the evidence base for publicly available apps.
SemEval 2016 Task 6: Detecting Stance in Tweets
Venue: *SEMEVAL

Here for the first time we present a shared task on detecting stance from tweets: given a tweet and a target entity (person, organization, etc. automatic natural language systems must determine whether the tweeter is in favor of the given target, against the given target, or whether neither inference is likely. The target of interest may or may not be referred to in the tweet, and it may or may not be the target of opinion. Two tasks are proposed. Task A is a traditional supervised classification task where 70% of the annotated data for a target is used as training and the rest for testing. For Task B, we use as test data all of the instances for a new target (not used in task A) and no training data is provided. Our shared task received submissions from 19 teams for Task A and from 9 teams for Task B. The highest classification F score obtained was 67.82 for Task A and 56.28 for Task B. However, systems found it markedly more difficult to infer stance towards the target of interest from tweets that express opinion towards another entity.
COMPARATIVE ANTI INFLAMMATORY STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF LEAF AND ROOT OF AGNIMANTHA (PREMNA CORYMBOSA ROTTL. IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Agnimantha (Premna corymbosa Rottl. belonging of Verbinaceae, is a small sized tree or large shrub which is grown throughout India. The used part, root is one among the Dasamoola (roots of 10 important plants) and Brhat panchamoola (roots of 5 important plant) and considered under Sothaharagana (group of drugs with anti inflammatory action) Hence for therapeutic purposes, the entire plant is destroyed. If the same or more efficacy is obtained by its leaves than root or root bark, it will help in preservation of the plant as well as for the easy collection and administration. The study was done to evaluate and compare the Sothaghna Property (anti inflammatory effect) of decoction of Patra (leaf) and Moola (root) of Agnimantha (Premna corymbosa Rottl. on Wistar Albino rats. In vivo anti inflammatory activity of the drugs was evaluated in Wistar albino rats using Carrageenan induced hind paw and cotton pellet implanted granuloma models. Experimental study rules out any significant difference between the two parts of the drugs in the dose of 8.64 ml/kg with respect to anti inflammatory activity. Leaf of Agnimantha shows weak to moderate antiinflammatory activity against acute inflammation at equivalent doses to root of Agnimantha. This provides preliminary evidence for carrying out further doses eliciting dose response pattern to ascertain whether higher doses of leaf produce good anti inflammatory effect. If that is so it can be considered as possible substitute for root. Weight to weight basis it may not be an adequate substitute for the roots.
Fumaric acid esters promote neuronal survival upon ischemic stress through activation of the Nrf2 but not HIF 1 signaling pathway
Venue: Neuropharmacology

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of ischemic stroke pathogenesis causing neuronal malfunction and cell death. Up regulation of anti oxidative genes through activation of the NF E2 related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2) is one of the key mechanisms in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) represent a class of anti oxidative and anti inflammatory molecules that are already in clinical use for multiple sclerosis therapy. Purpose of this study was to investigate whether FAEs promote neuronal survival upon ischemia, and analyze putative underlying molecular mechanisms in neurons. Murine organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, and two neuronal cell lines were treated with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and monomethyl fumarate (MMF) Ischemic conditions were generated by exposing cells and slice cultures to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and cell death was determined through propidium iodide staining. Treatment with both DMF and MMF immediately after OGD during reoxygenation strongly reduced cell death in hippocampal cultures ex vivo. Both DMF and MMF promoted neuronal survival in HT 22 and SH SY5Y cell lines exposed to ischemic stress. DMF but not MMF activated the anti oxidative Nrf2 pathway in neurons. Accordingly, Nrf2 knockdown in murine neurons abrogated the protective effect of DMF but not MMF. Moreover, FAEs did not activate the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway suggesting that this pathway may not significantly contribute to FAE mediated neuroprotection. Our results may provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach to treat ischemic pathologies such as stroke with a drug that already has a broad safety record in humans.
Omics based approaches reveal phospholipids remodeling of Rhizopus oryzae responding to furfural stress for fumaric acid production from xylose.
Venue: Bioresource technology

In order to relieve the toxicity of furfural on Rhizopus oryzae fermentation, the molecular mechanism of R. oryzae responding to furfural stress for fumaric acid production was investigated by omics based approaches. In metabolomics analysis, 29 metabolites including amino acid, sugars, polyols and fatty acids showed significant changes for maintaining the basic cell metabolism at the cost of lowering fumaric acid production. To further uncover the survival mechanism, lipidomics was carried out, revealing that phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and polyunsaturated acyl chains might be closely correlated with R. oryzae's adapting to furfural stress. Based on the above omics analysis, lecithin, inositol and soybean oil were exogenously supplemented separately with an optimized concentration in the presence of furfural, which increased fumaric acid titer from 5.78g/L to 10.03g/L, 10.05g/L and 12.13g/L (increased by 73.5% 73.8% and 110% respectively) These findings provide a methodological guidance for hemicellulose fumaric acid development.
Transcriptome analysis of Rhizopus oryzae in response to xylose during fumaric acid production
Venue: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering

Xylose is one of the most abundant lignocellulosic components, but it cannot be used by R. oryzae for fumaric acid production. Here, we applied high throughput RNA sequencing to generate two transcriptional maps of R. oryzae following fermentation in glucose or xylose. The differential expression analysis showed that, genes involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and gluconeogenesis, were up regulated in response to xylose. Moreover, we discovered the potential presence of oxidative stress in R. oryzae during xylose fermentation. To adapt to this unfavorable condition, R. oryzae displayed reduced growth and induce of a number of antioxidant enzymes, including genes involved in glutathione, trehalose synthesis, and the proteasomal pathway. These responses might divert the flow of carbon required for the accumulation of fumaric acid. Furthermore, using high throughput RNA sequencing, we identified a large number of novel transcripts and a substantial number of genes that underwent alternative splicing. Our analysis provides remarkable insight into the mechanisms underlying xylose fermentation by R. oryzae. These results may reveal potential target genes or strategies to improve xylose fermentation.
Fumaric Acid Esters as Potential Therapies for Treating Degenerative Retinal Disease

Fumaric Acid Esters (FAE) are found naturally in some plants (Fumaria officinalis) and mushrooms. In Germany, a mixture of fumaric acid esters (Fumaderm(r) is licensed for the treatment of psoriasis  A clinical formulation of dimethyl fumarate (referred to as gastro resistant Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) or delayed release DMF) is approved in the United States, New Zealand, Australia, European Union, Switzerland and Canada for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)  Immediately after oral intake, DMF is acted upon by intestinal esterases to form Monomethyl Fumarate (MMF) hence, MMF is the primary bioactive ingredient [6] Following DMF ingestion, circulating MMF concentrations peak between 2 2.5 hrs and the half life of the metabolite is around 12 hrs [7] Recent studies have reported the use and potential efficacy of MMF in the treatment of various diseases other than those named above. Though quite heterogenous with respect to etiology, the common denominator amongst them all appears to be inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation and oxidative stress figure prominently in various degenerative diseases of the retina (i.e. diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy, age related macular degeneration and glaucoma) Given the impact of these factors on the development and progression of degenerative retinal diseases, others and we have evaluated the potential benefit of MMF in various in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions relevant to the pathogenesis of retinal disease.
Farmers Training Needs on BT Cotton Technology

Training is the systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes required by an individual to perform adequately for a particular task. With a view to measure the farmers training needs of BT cotton technology and to understand the relationship between selected characteristics of Bt cotton farmers. The study was conducted in Yavatmal district of Maharashtra state. Finding revealed that majority of the Bt cotton farmers have high (57.50 per cent) training needs. The farmers were expressed their training needs on features of Bt cotton technology followed by insect scouting, manures and fertilizer, Bt cotton varieties, harvesting and marketing of Bt cotton. Relational analysis revealed that age, education, land holding, area under Bt cotton, annual income, farming experience, socio economic status, social participation, scientific orientation were found positively and significantly correlated with training needs.