nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Technology 2011

The changing landscape of North American manufacturing in the context of global competition is impacting the market of all raw materials, including magnesium, Current automotive fuel economy legislation and pending legislation on the emissions of greenhouse gases are impacting magnesium's largest consuming industries, such as aluminum, automotive components, steel and transition metals, These industries are all considering innovative ways to efficiently incorporate the needed raw materials into their processes, The North American magnesium market differs from other regions based on maturity, supply streams, changing manufacturing capabilities and trade cases, combined with the transformation of North American manufacturing, The impact of these factors on the supply/demand dynamics of the North American magnesium market in both the short and longterm will be reviewed, The influence of new applications, products, and legislative changes are considered in the equation,
Doxycycline in early CJD: a double blinded randomised phase II and observational study
Venue: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry

The main objective of the present study is to study the therapeutic efficiency of doxycycline in a double blinded randomised phase II study in a cohort of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (sCJD)  From the National Reference Center of TSE Surveillance in Germany, patients with probable or definite sCJD were recruited for a double blinded randomised study with oral doxycycline (EudraCT 2006 003934 14) In addition, we analysed the data from patients with CJD who received compassionate treatment with doxycycline in a separate group. Potential factors which influence survival such as age at onset, gender, codon 129 polymorphism and cognitive functions were evaluated. The primary outcome measure was survival.  in the double blinded randomised phase II study, 7 patients in the treatment group were compared with 5 controls. Group 2: 55 patients with sCJD treated with oral doxycycline were analysed and compared with 33 controls by a stratified propensity score applied to a Cox proportional hazard analysis. The results of both studies were combined by means of a random effects meta analysis. A slight increase in survival time in the doxycycline treatment group was observed (p=0.049, HR=0.63 (95% CI 0.402 to 0.999) Conclusions On the basis of our studies, a larger trial of doxycycline should be performed in persons in the earliest stages of CJD.
Much Ado about Something from Nothing; or, Problems for Ontological Minimalism

Ontological minimalism with respect to a kind K is a view which combines realism about Ks with a deflationary metaontological take on how to understand such realism.1 Nihilists and maximalists (or 'serious metaphysicians' as maximalists are sometimes called) about Ks disagree with each other over whether Ks exist, but they take their disagreement to be a standard, first order metaphysical one. The minimalist's view is irenic in this context. It says, with the realist, that there are Ks, but because of its deflationary understanding of this claim it also says that the nihilist has correctly described what there is. To illustrate: Peter van Inwagen (1990) is a nihilist about all types of complex objects other than organisms. So, in particular, he denies the existence of chairs, holding that where others take there to be a chair, all that exist are simple things (pieces of wood, for the sake of argument) arranged chair wise. The maximalist about chairs, by contrast, affirms that there are chairs as well as pieces of wood arranged chair wise and that this is a substantive claim. Minimalism holds that there are indeed chairs but maintains that it is analytic, and hence not a substantial piece of metaphysics, that if there are pieces of wood arranged chair wise, then there are chairs. Ontological minimalism is an increasingly popular view, with a number of defenders and sympathizers. It is sometimes described as neo Carnapian since it finds its roots in Carnap (1950) In this chapter, I shall examine the views of two prominent contemporary minimalists, Stephen Schiffer (2003) and Amie Thomasson (2001, 2007, 2009a, 2009b, 2015, and this volume) (and of these, I shall focus mostly on Thomasson) My contention will be that there are serious difficulties in implementing their version of minimalism.2 The Thomasson/Schiffer approach is not the only version of
Incidence and Risk Factors for Adverse Events Related to Image Guided Liver Biopsy.
Venue: Mayo Clinic proceedings

To determine the incidence of major adverse events related to a large volume of image guided liver biopsies performed at our institution over a 12 year period and to identify risk factors for major bleeding events.  A retrospective analysis of an internally maintained biopsy registry was performed. The analysis revealed that 6613 image guided liver biopsies were performed in 5987 adult patients between December 7, 2001, and December 31, 2013. Liver biopsies were performed using real time ultrasound guidance and a spring loaded biopsy device, with rare exceptions. Adverse events considered major and included in this study were hematoma, infection, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and death. Using data from the biopsy registry, we evaluated statistically significant risk factors (P<.05) for hematoma related to image guided liver biopsy, including coagulation status, biopsy technique, and medications.  A total of 49 acute and delayed major adverse events (0.7% occurred after 6613 liver biopsy events. The incidence of hematoma requiring transfusion and/or angiographic intervention was 0.5% (34 of 6613) The incidence of infection was 0.1% (8 of 6613) and that of hemothorax was 0.06% (4 of 6613) No patient (0% incurred a pneumothorax after biopsy. Three patients (0.05% died within 30 days of liver biopsy, 1 being directly related to biopsy. Thirty eight of 46 major adverse events (83% presented acutely (within 24 hours) More than 2 biopsy passes, platelets 50,000/mL or less, and female sex were statistically significant risk factors for postbiopsy hemorrhage.  Image guided liver biopsy performed by subspecialized interventionalists at a tertiary medical center is safe when the platelet count is greater than 50,000/mL. With appreciation of specific risk factors, safety outcomes of this procedure can be optimized in both general and specialized centers.
Prewashing enhances the liquid hot water pretreatment efficiency of waste wheat straw with high free ash content.
Venue: Bioresource technology

The effect of prewashing process prior to the liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment of high free ash content waste wheat straw (WWS) was investigated. It was found that prewashing process decreased the ash content of WWS greatly, from 29.48% to 9.82% This contributed to the lower pH value of prehydrolyzate and higher xylan removal in the following LHW pretreatment. More importantly, the prewashing process effectively increased the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of pretreated WWS, from 53.04% to 84.15% The acid buffering capacity (ABC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of raw and prewashed WWS were examined. The majority of free ash removal from WWS by prewashing resulted in the decrease of the ABC of the WWS from 211.74 to 61.81mmol/pH kg, and potentially enhancing the efficiency of the follow up LHW pretreatment.
Nodal and FGF coordinate ascidian neural tube morphogenesis
Venue: Development

Formation of the vertebrate neural tube represents one of the premier examples of morphogenesis in animal development. Here, we investigate this process in the simple chordate Ciona intestinalis. Previous studies have implicated Nodal and FGF signals in the specification of lateral and ventral neural progenitors. We show that these signals also control the detailed cellular behaviors underlying morphogenesis of the neural tube. Live imaging experiments show that FGF controls the intercalary movements of ventral neural progenitors, whereas Nodal is essential for the characteristic stacking behavior of lateral cells. Ectopic activation of FGF signaling is sufficient to induce intercalary behaviors in cells that have not received Nodal. In the absence of FGF and Nodal, neural progenitors exhibit a default behavior of sequential cell divisions, and fail to undergo the intercalary and stacking behaviors essential for normal morphogenesis. Thus, cell specification events occurring prior to completion of gastrulation coordinate the morphogenetic movements underlying the organization of the neural tube.  Live imaging of neural tube morphogenesis in Ciona uncovers roles for FGF and Nodal signaling in controlling the intercalation and stacking behaviors of cells.
The central nervous system of ascidian larvae
Venue: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology

Ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates. Their tadpole larvae contain a dorsal tubular nervous system, resulting from the rolling up of a neural plate. Along the anterior posterior (A P) axis, the central nervous system (CNS) is organized into a sensory vesicle, neck, trunk ganglion, and tail nerve cord and consists of approximately only 330 cells, of which around 100 are thought to be neurons. The organization of distinct neuronal cell types and neurotransmitter gene expression within the CNS has been described. The unique developmental mode of ascidians, with a small number of cells and a fixed cell division pattern, allows individual cells to be traced throughout development. This feature has led to the complete documentation of the cell lineages of certain cell types in the CNS. Thus, a step by step understanding of nervous system development from the initial stages of neural induction to the neurogenesis of individual neurons is a feasible goal. The genetic control of neural fate induction and early neural plate patterning are now well understood. The molecular mechanisms specifying the cholinergic neurons of the trunk ganglion as well as the pigment cells of the sensory organs are also well elucidated. In addition, studies have begun on the morphogenetic processes of neurulation. Remaining challenges include building an embryonic atlas integrating gene expression patterns, cell lineage, and neuronal cell types as well as developing the gene regulatory networks of cell fate specification and integrating them with the genetic control of morphogenesis.
Application of Data Mining Classification in Employee Performance Prediction

In emerging knowledge economies such as Kenya, organizations rely heavily on their human capital to build value. Consequently, performance management at the individual employee level is essential and the business case for implementing a system to measure and improve employee performance is strong. Data Mining can be used for knowledge discovery of interest in Human Resources Management (HRM) We used the Data Mining classification technique for the extraction of knowledge significant for predicting employee performance using previous appraisal records a public management development institute in Kenya. The Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP DM) was adopted for predictive analysis. Decision tree was the main Data Mining tool used to build the classification model, where several classification rules were generated. To validate the developed model, a prototype was constructed and the data collected from the institute's Human Resource Department was used. Results show that employee performance was highly affected by experience, age, academic qualification, professional training, gender, marital status and previous performance appraisal scores. This paper proposes a prediction model for employee performance forecasting that enables the human resource professionals to refocus on human capability criteria and thereby enhance the performance appraisal process of its human capital.
Internal and External Loci of Hope Predict Use of Individual and Collaborative Learning Strategies: Evidence from University Students in Four Asian Cities

Positive education emphasizes the role of hope in student achievement and in buffering the effects of students' difficulties in school. In this study, we demonstrate how internal and external loci of hope relate to students' use of different learning strategies in school. We asked 967 university students from four cities to answer the locus of hope scales, cognitive strategy scales, and engager collaborative learning scales. Separate regression analyses of data from the four cities indicate that internal locus of hope consistently predicted use of all three individual learning strategies (except for rehearsal in the Manila sample) whereas, external peer locus of hope consistently predicted use of collaborative learning strategies. The findings extend previous findings on hope and learning by showing how hope relates to the learning strategies adopted by students. Moreover, the study extends theorizing about hope in schools by showing how relational hopeful thoughts that draw from shared agency with classmates are associated with collaborative learning strategies.
Making Contextual Decisions with Low Technical Debt

Applications and systems are constantly faced with decisions that require picking from a set of actions based on contextual information. Reinforcement based learning algorithms such as contextual bandits can be very effective in these settings, but applying them in practice is fraught with technical debt, and no general system exists that supports them completely. We address this and create the first general system for contextual learning, called the Decision Service. Existing systems often suffer from technical debt that arises from issues like incorrect data collection and weak debuggability, issues we systematically address through our ML methodology and system abstractions. The Decision Service enables all aspects of contextual bandit learning using four system abstractions which connect together in a loop: explore (the decision space) log, learn, and deploy. Notably, our new explore and log abstractions ensure the system produces correct, unbiased data, which our learner uses for online learning and to enable real time safeguards, all in a fully reproducible manner. The Decision Service has a simple user interface and works with a variety of applications: we present two live production deployments for content recommendation that achieved click through improvements of 25 30% another with 18% revenue lift in the landing page, and ongoing applications in tech support and machine failure handling. The service makes real time decisions and learns continuously and scalably, while significantly lowering technical debt.
Prediction of EDM Process Parameters for a Composite Material using RBFNN and ANN through RSM

Modelling and optimization of machining process is recognized to be an extremely challenging research area in current scenario. This study illustrates work suggestion, an intellectual approach in solving multi response optimization problem involving Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of LM25 Al composite using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) combined with Radial Basics Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques.  An experimental analysis was carried out in establishing the most significant machining parameters that throw in to MRR and SR. The experimental plan for these investigations was conducted according to the RSM. RBFNN and ANN is a computational intelligence model that consists of nodes that are interlinked.The optimization of EDM is performed by preferring input process parameters like discharge voltage, current, pulse on time, pulse off time, oil pressure and spark gap, and also output responses as Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (SR) using Box Behnken method.  Each node performs a simple operation in computing its output from its input that is transmitted through links connected to other links. This is comparatively simple computational model because of the analogous structure that of neural system in human brain nodes equivalent neurons and links corresponding to synapses that transmit signals between neurons. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is utilized to train the network for optimizing the EDM parameters. By simulation the result was authenticated with the target output awaiting the network error has congregated to threshold minimum.  Multi response MRR and SR modelling were performed in the EDM process and via the investigation on the experiment the results are confirmed. Different process parameters consequences have also been premeditated.
Modeling and Multiresponse Optimization of Quality Characteristics for the Micro EDM Drilling Process
Venue: Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals

Micro parts of various kinds are now in demand for fabricating high tech products such as micro electronic parts and MEMS applications. In order to supply these micro parts, the development of micromachining technology becomes increasingly important. Among the various stages of micromachining, the fabrication of holes and pins of precise nature are essential for many miniature components. Micro hole drilling, is used in various precision industries, such as the production of automotive fuel injection nozzles, watch and camera parts to generate deeper holes with better straightness, better roundness and smoother surfaces. Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non contact machining process for electrically conductive materials which can produce high aspect ratio holes, particularly useful in the tool making industry. The objective of the study on micro EDM drilling process parameters is to analyse the effect of drilling parameters such as the feed rate (A) capacitance (B) and voltage (V) on machining stainless steel shim using a tungsten electrode of 300 um diameter. The performance measures are surface roughness (Ra) metal removal rate and tool wear ratio. Response surface methodology has been used and experiments have been conducted using central composite design. Statistical models of the output responses have been developed using three level full factorial design of experiment. The developed models have been used for multi response optimization by desirability function approach to determine the optimum machining parameters. These optimal machining parameters are then validated experimentally, and it is observed that the response values are very close to the predicted values with less error.
Vandalism Detection in Wikidata
Venue: CIKM

Wikidata is the new, large scale knowledge base of the Wikimedia Foundation. Its knowledge is increasingly used within Wikipedia itself and various other kinds of information systems, imposing high demands on its integrity. Wikidata can be edited by anyone and, unfortunately, it frequently gets vandalized, exposing all information systems using it to the risk of spreading vandalized and falsified information. In this paper, we present a new machine learning based approach to detect vandalism in Wikidata. We propose a set of 47 features that exploit both content and context information, and we report on 4 classifiers of increasing effectiveness tailored to this learning task. Our approach is evaluated on the recently published Wikidata Vandalism Corpus WDVC 2015 and it achieves an area under curve value of the receiver operating characteristic, ROC AUC, of 0.991. It significantly outperforms the state of the art represented by the rule based Wikidata Abuse Filter (0.865 ROC AUC) and a prototypical vandalism detector recently introduced by Wikimedia within the Objective Revision Evaluation Service (0.859 ROC AUC)
From Freebase to Wikidata: The Great Migration
Venue: WWW

Collaborative knowledge bases that make their data freely available in a machine readable form are central for the data strategy of many projects and organizations. The two major collaborative knowledge bases are Wikimedia's Wikidata and Google's Freebase. Due to the success of Wikidata, Google decided in 2014 to offer the content of Freebase to the Wikidata community. In this paper, we report on the ongoing transfer efforts and data mapping challenges, and provide an analysis of the effort so far. We describe the Primary Sources Tool, which aims to facilitate this and future data migrations. Throughout the migration, we have gained deep insights into both Wikidata and Freebase, and share and discuss detailed statistics on both knowledge bases.
Konflik Budaya Dalam Konstruksi Kecantikan Wanita Indonesia (Analisis Semiotika Dan Marxist Iklan Pond's White Beauty Versi Gita Gutawa)

This study will explore the cultural conflict that is displayed in the advertisements Pond's White Beauty Gita version Velasquez with pretty white theme flushed like korea. Where this ad makes the construction of beauty in women Indonesia becomes opaque, just for the sake of following the trend that there are women in Indonesia made into a false consciousness of the concept of beauty. This research was conducted by using the method of semiotic analysis and Marxist analysis. The conclusion that can be derived from these studies is advertising Pond's creates a cultural conflict in terms of the meaning of beauty for women in Indonesia. Semiotic analysis shows that advertising Pond's White Beauty featuring stereotypes about the picture of beauty for women in Indonesia. Beautiful woman is a white female Korean people while for the people of Indonesia who have different genetic, it is becoming a benchmark that can not be equated. Pond's ad showing false consciousness, in which Indonesian women can have white skin like Korea only by using Pond's products. Based on Marxist analysis can be seen that ad Pond's is made for the benefit of the capitalists, which in this case is the product manufacturer Unilever. Unilever as capitalist menghegomoni Indonesian women to buy Pond's beauty products using advertising media to create false consciousness in the minds of Indonesian women about the picture of beauty. Abstrak Penelitian ini akan menggali konflik budaya yang ditampilkan dalam iklan Pond's White Beauty versi Gita Gutawa dengan tema cantik putih merona seperti korea. Dimana iklan ini menjadikan konstruksi kecantikan pada wanita Indonesia menjadi buram, hanya demi mengikuti trend yang ada wanita di Indonesia dibuat menjadi memiliki kesadaran palsu akan konsep kecantikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis semiotik dan juga analisis Marxist. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dari studi ini adalah iklan Pond's menciptakan konflik budaya dalam hal makna kecantikan bagi perempuan Indonesia. Analisis semiotik menunjukkan bahwa iklan Pond's White Beauty menampilkan stereotip mengenai gambaran kecantikan bagi perempuan Indonesia. Perempuan yang cantik merupakan perempuan yang putih seperti orang Korea padahal bagi orang Indonesia yang memiliki genetik berbeda, hal ini menjadi tolak ukur yang tidak dapat disamakan. Iklan Pond's ini menampilkan kesadaran palsu, dimana perempuan Indonesia dapat memiliki kulit putih seperti Korea hanya dengan menggunakan produk Pond's. Unilever sebagai kapitalis menghegomoni para perempuan Indonesia untuk membeli produk kecantikan Pond's dengan menggunakan media iklan untuk menciptakan kesadaran palsu dalam pikiran para perempuan Indonesia tentang gambaran kecantikan.
The food insecurity obesity paradox: A resource scarcity hypothesis
Venue: Physiology Behavior

Food insecurity is paradoxically associated with obesity in the United States. Current hypotheses to explain this phenomenon are descriptive regarding the low food security population's dietary and physical activity habits, but are not mechanistic. Herein it is proposed that a resource scarcity hypothesis may explain this paradox, such that fattening is a physiologically regulated response to threatened food supply that occurs specifically in low social status individuals. Evidence that this may be occurring, the implications for addressing the food insecurity obesity paradox, and future areas of research, are reviewed and discussed.