nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Investigation of color vision in acute unilateral optic neuritis using a web based color vision test]
Venue: Der Ophthalmologe Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft

In acute unilateral optic neuritis (ON) color vision defects combined with a decrease in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity frequently occur. This study investigated whether a web based color vision test is a reliable detector of acquired color vision defects in ON and, if so, which charts are particularly suitable.  In 12 patients with acute unilateral ON, a web based color vision test www.farbsehtest.de with 25 color plates (16 Velhagen/Broschmann and 9 Ishihara color plates) was performed. For each patient the affected eye was tested first and then the unaffected eye.  The mean best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) in the ON eye was 0.36 0.20 and 1.0 0.1 in the contralateral eye. The number of incorrectly read plates correlated with the visual acuity. For the ON eye a total of 134 plates were correctly identified and 166 plates were incorrectly identified, while for the disease free fellow eye, 276 plates were correctly identified and 24 plates were incorrectly identified. Both of the blue/yellow plates were identified correctly 14 times and incorrectly 10 times using the ON eye and exclusively correctly (24 times) using the fellow eye. The Velhagen/Broschmann plates were incorrectly identified significantly more frequently in comparison with the Ishihara plates. In 4 out of 16 Velhagen/Broschmann plates and 5 out of 9 Ishihara plates, no statistically significant differences between the ON eye and the fellow eye could be detected.  The number of incorrectly identified plates correlated with a decrease in visual acuity. Red/green and blue/yellow plates were incorrectly identified significantly more frequently with the ON eye, while the Velhagen/Broschmann color plates were incorrectly identified significantly more frequently than the Ishihara color plates. Thus, under defined test conditions the web based color vision test can also be used to detect acquired color vision defects, such as those caused by ON. Optimization of the test by altering the combination of plates may be a useful next step.
Measurement enhanced determination of BEC phase diagrams

We demonstrate how dispersive atom number measurements during evaporative cooling can be used for enhanced determination of the non linear parameter dependence of the transition to a Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) Our analysis demonstrates that conventional averaging of shot to shot fluctuations introduces systematic errors and reduces precision in comparison with our method. We furthermore compare in situ images from dispersive probing of a BEC with corresponding absorption images in time of flight. This allows for the determination of the transition point in a single experimental realization by applying multiple dispersive measurements. Finally, we explore the continuous probing of several consecutive phase transition crossings using the periodic addition of a focused "dimple" potential.
Health Care Information Technology, Work Organization, and Nursing Home Performance

The authors investigate whether electronic medical record (EMR) systems are associated with higher levels of nursing home performance. Their difference in differences analysis is based on a survey of health care information technology (HIT) use in approximately 304 New York State nursing homes, combined with regulatory data from the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Studies (CMS) Nursing Home Compare database and the New York State RHCF 4 financial reports. For nursing home owners, the authors find a positive effect of EMR system implementation, on the order of 1% higher productivity, 3% greater efficiency, but approximately 2.7% higher cost. They also find that EMR systems amplify the returns to modern workplace organization. Facilities that are one standard deviation higher on a work organization scale composed of practices that encourage employee collaboration, decision making, suggestions, and problem solving have no adverse cost impact of adoption of HIT, and adoption of HIT is associated with a productivity increase of 1.5% or more. They find no evidence of an impact on health care quality.
Evaluating the Community Land Model in a pine stand with shading manipulations and 13 CO 2 labeling

Carbon allocation and flow through ecosystems regulates land surface atmosphere CO2 exchange and thus is a key, albeit uncertain, component of mechanistic models. The Partitioning in Trees and Soil (PiTS) experiment model project tracked carbon allocation through a young Pinus taeda stand following pulse labeling with 13CO2 and two levels of shading. The field component of this project provided process oriented data that were used to evaluate terrestrial biosphere model simulations of rapid shifts in carbon allocation and hydrological dynamics under varying environmental conditions. Here we tested the performance of the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) in capturing short term carbon and water dynamics in relation to manipulative shading treatments and the timing and magnitude of carbon fluxes through various compartments of the ecosystem. When calibrated with pretreatment observations, CLM4 was capable of closely simulating stand level biomass, transpiration, leaf level photosynthesis, and pre labeling 13C values. Over the 3 week treatment period, CLM4 generally reproduced the impacts of shading on soil moisture changes, relative change in stem carbon, and soil CO2 efflux rate. Transpiration under moderate shading was also simulated well by the model, but even with optimization we were not able to simulate the high levels of transpiration observed in the heavy shading treatment, suggesting that the Ball Berry conductance model is inadequate for these conditions. The calibrated version of CLM4 gave reasonable estimates of label concentration in phloem and in soil surface CO2 after 3 weeks of shade treatment, but it lacks the mechanisms needed to track the labeling pulse through plant tissues on shorter timescales. We developed a conceptual model for photosynthate transport based on the experimental observations, and we discussed conditions under which the hypothesized mechanisms could have an important influence on model behavior in larger scale applications. Implications for future experimental studies are described, some of which are already being implemented in follow on studies.
Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture
Venue: Front. Public Health

The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, among them agriculture reforms and food production implementing sustainable practice evolving to food sovereignty. It is more obvious than ever that the society needs the implementation of a new agricultural concept regarding food production, which is safer for man and the environment, and to this end, steps such as the declaration of Nyeleni have been taken.
Corneal permeability changes in dry eye disease: an observational study
Venue: BMC Ophthalmology

BackgroundDiagnostic tests for dry eye disease (DED) including ocular surface disease index (OSDI) tear breakup time (TBUT) corneal fluorescein staining, and lissamine staining, have great deal of variability. We investigated whether fluorophotometry correlated with previously established DED diagnostic tests and whether it could serve as a novel objective metric to evaluate DED.MethodsDry eye patients who have had established signs or symptoms for at least 6 months were included in this observational study. Normal subjects with no symptoms of dry eyes served as controls. Each eye had a baseline fluorescein scan prior to any fluorescein dye. Fluorescein dye was then placed into both eyes, rinsed with saline solution, and scanned at 5, 10, 15, and 30 min. Patients were administered the following diagnostic tests to correlate with fluorophotometry: OSDI, TBUT, fluorescein, and lissamine. Standard protocols were used. P 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsFifty eyes from 25 patients (DED 22 eyes, 11 patients; Normal 28 eyes, 14 patients) were included. Baseline scans of the dry eye and control groups did not show any statistical difference (p 0.84) Fluorescein concentration of DED and normal patients showed statistical significance at all time intervals (p 10 5, 0.001, 0.002, 0.049 for 5, 10, 15, 30 min respectively) Fluorophotometry values converged towards baseline as time elapsed, but both groups were still statistically different at 30 min (p 0.01) We used four fluorophotometry scoring methods and correlated them with OSDI, TBUT, fluorescein, and lissamine along with adjusted and aggregate scores. The four scoring schemes did not show any significant correlations with the other tests, except for correlations seen with lissamine and 10 (p 0.045, 0.034) and 15 min (p 0.013, 0.012) and with aggregate scores and 15 min (p 0.042, 0.017).ConclusionsFluorophotometry generally did not correlate with any other DED tests, even though it showed capability of differentiating between DED and normal eyes up to 30 min after fluorescein dye instillation. There may be an aspect of DED that is missed in the current regimen of DED tests and only captured with fluorophotometry. Adding fluorophotometry may be useful in screening, diagnosing, and monitoring patients with DED.
BiGS: BioTac Grasp Stability Dataset

Autonomous grasping of unknown objects is a fundamental requirement for robots performing manipulation tasks in real world environments. Even though there has been a lot of progress in the area of grasping, it is still considered an open challenge and even the state of the art grasping methods may result in failures  A reliable prediction of grasp stability helps to avoid such failures and provides an option to re grasp the object safely. Since the majority of grasping failures happen at the contact points, which are occluded for vision systems, tactile feedback plays a major role for predicting grasp stability. The human inspired biomimmetic tactile sensor (BioTac)  is equipped with a 19 electrode array and a hydroacoustic sensor surrounded by silicon skin inflated with incompressible and conductive liquid. This design provides rich tactile feedback similar to the slowly adapting and fastadapting afferents present in the human skin  Latest developments in classification algorithms  allow us to explore the potential of large amounts of data from these sensors. Our goal is to provide a publicly accessible grasp stability dataset collected using the BioTacs and, thus, enable further development of algorithms capable of reliable grasp stability prediction.
Introspective perception: Learning to predict failures in vision systems
Venue: 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

As robots aspire for long term autonomous operations in complex dynamic environments, the ability to reliably take mission critical decisions in ambiguous situations becomes critical. This motivates the need to build systems that have situational awareness to assess how qualified they are at that moment to make a decision. We call this self evaluating capability as introspection. In this paper, we take a small step in this direction and propose a generic framework for introspective behavior in perception systems. Our goal is to learn a model to reliably predict failures in a given system, with respect to a task, directly from input sensor data. We present this in the context of vision based autonomous MAV flight in outdoor natural environments, and show that it effectively handles uncertain situations.
Quality of Life in Postmenopausal Women in Iran: A Population based Study
Venue: Journal of menopausal medicine

Menopause can have psychological, physical, and vasomotor symptoms along with sexual dysfunction and these symptoms can affect the quality of life (QOL) The purpose of this research was to determine and association the effective factors on QOL among postmenopausal Iranian women.  This cross sectional study was conducted in 2015 on 300 postmenopausal women in Hamadan, Iran. We used the Menopause Specific QOL questionnaire (MENQOL) for measuring QOL in postmenopausal women. SPSS version 16 was used for data analysis.  The mean scores of QOL for vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual domains were 11.65 5.93, 19.36 1.20, 39.12 1.95 and 11.02 5.66, respectively. Higher scores had worse QOL. Using MENQOL scores, our study showed significant differences in QOL based on age, education level, financial status, number of children, employment, and body mass index (BMI)  Menopause causes a decrease in QOL, which is dependent to age, work, BMI, financial status and number of children variables. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective intervention programs to improve QOL in postmenopausal women.
Iranian Women's Perspectives on Violence against Women in Iran and the UK

This study explores the perspectives of female Iranian students living in both Iran and the UK concerning violence against women. A qualitative approach, in the form of in depth interviews, was carried out with 21 participants. Drawing on Stark's concept of "liberty crime" the research found that the participants, regardless of their country of residence, perceived violence against women (VAW) as denying the opportunity for equal personhood by stripping away the victim's sense of self. However, the scope of what was considered to be liberty crime was affected by the individual participants' religious beliefs and their degree of acceptance of the Iranian state's gender ideology. The research highlighted the extent to which different forms of VAW are interlinked and combine in order to control and subjugate women irrespective of their country of residence.
Differentially Private Network Data Release via Stochastic Kronecker Graph
Venue: WISE

Excessive sensitivity problem due to complication of data has been a non negligible challenge to data privacy protection under differential privacy recently. We design a private data release framework called DPDR SKG Differentially Private Data Release via Stochastic Kronecker Graph, which focuses on releasing social network data under differential privacy and uses a two phase privacy budget allocation. Firstly, we cluster the similar communities of network according to Stochastic Kronecker graph parameter. Secondly, we implement optimized privacy budget allocation in terms of cluster distribution. Experimental results show that the DPDR SKG outperforms in preserving the privacy of network structure and effectively retaining the data utility.
THE ROLE OF ONLINE INTERNET CAM CHAT IN PROVIDING EFL FRESHMEN'S WITH OPPORTUNITIES TO INTERACT WITH THE TARGET LANGUAGE COMMUNITY AS AN AUTHENTIC ENVIRONMENT TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE SKILLS

The present study attempted to investigate the effect of Internet Cam chat as one of the most effective tools of computer assisted language learning (CALL) and measuring its effect on communicative language skills of the EFL learners. It basically focused on using Internet Cam chat as authentic materials and real life situations. To achieve the purpose of this study, 42 participants out of 114 undergraduate EFL learners who registered for a Conversational Skills Course at Al alBayt University during the first semester of the academic year 2015/2016 were randomly selected and divided into two groups: Group one consisted of (22) students, which was assigned as an experimental group, and group two consisted of (20) students, which was assigned as a control group The participants were given 24 sessions of instruction on the language skills elicited from the textbook. Then they sat for post test at the end of experiment period. The instrument of the study was based on the achievement test. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze data and to evaluate any possible difference or any statistically differences between scores for the pre/post test between the two groups in order to answer and accomplish the questions and objectives of the study. Mean scores, standard deviations, and significance levels were conducted to assess the effect of using Internet Cam chat on EFL learners communicative language skills. Results showed a statistically significant improvement in whole communicative language skills of the EFL students. The results of the post test based on the findings of t test showed that the experimental group performed better that the control group in the communicative language skills of language. This might be attributed to the new method of teaching that is Internet Cam chat through which the experimental groups' students interacted a lot with native speakers of English. In other words, the findings of the study revealed that the experimental group students have developed their language skills. In the light of the findings of the study, the researcher recommended to use all CALL applications in general and online cam chat in particular in educational operations to develop EFL learners' communication skills. The researcher recommended researchers also to use other applications of CALL and make other studies with different variables and large samples to develop other skills which are not investigated yet.
Scattering reduction of an acoustically hard cylinder covered with layered pentamode metamaterials.
Venue: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Transformational acoustics offers the theoretical possibility of cloaking obstacles within fluids, provided metamaterials having continuously varying bulk moduli and densities can be found or constructed. Realistically, materials with the proper, continuously varying anisotropies do not presently exist. However, discretely layered cloaks having constant material parameters within each layer may be a viable alternative in practice. The present work considers a range of cloaks, from those comprised of fluid layers that are isotropic in bulk moduli with anisotropic density (inertial cloaks) to those having anisotropic bulk moduli and isotropic density (pentamode cloaks) In this paper an analytical solution is obtained for the case of plane wave scattering from a submerged rigid cylinder covered with a multilayered cylindrical cloak composed of discrete anisotropic fluid layers. An investigation of the parameter space defining such cloaks is undertaken with the goal of minimizing the far field scattered pressure, using layer constituent anisotropic properties (density and bulk modulus) constrained to lie within reasonable ranges relative to those of water.
A New Bumpless Rotor Flux Position Estimation Scheme for Vector Controlled Washing Machine
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

For a washing machine, permanent magnet (PM) motors are commonly used due to their superior efficiency, high torque to volume ratio, and so on. PM motor driving system with vector control scheme requires rotor flux position information. Hall effect position sensors are often used for that purpose because their volume is small and is cost effective compared with other types of position sensor such as an encoder, even though they have low resolution of position information. Generally, two low resolution hall effect sensors are employed to provide rotor flux position for cost reduction purpose and it means four resolutions per one electrical 360deg rotation. The detected rotor flux position by hall sensor signals is manipulated to change linearly by interpolation method. However, because of electrical and mechanical nonuniformity associated with hall sensors, the calculated or estimated position is not linearly changed. In other words, there exist bumps at the point where hall signal occurs even at the constant speed operation and it degrades control performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel scheme for bumpless position estimation. In addition, the proposed reduced order observer does not use mechanical parameters such as inertia. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified by experiments on a top load washing machine vector controlled with two Hall effect sensors.
Vector Control of Star Connected 3 Phase Induction Motor Drives under Open Phase Fault Based on Rotor Flux Field Oriented Control

This article presents a technique for vector control of star connected 3 phase induction motor drives with an open phase fault (faulty 3 phase induction motor) based on the rotor flux field oriented control method. In this method, two appropriate transformation matrices are applied to the equations of faulty induction machine. It is shown that the structure of the derived faulty induction machine equations is similar to the healthy 3 phase induction motor equations; make it possible to control a faulty machine with some modifications in the conventional controller. Hence, a modified rotor flux field oriented controller that capable to control a star connected 3 phase induction motor under open phase fault is proposed. The performance of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experiments on a 1.5 kW star connected 3 phase induction motor drive. The comparative results obtained from the simulations and experiments confirm the ability of the proposed control method in vector control of 3 phase induction motor during open phase fault.
A novel NN based rotor flux MRAS to overcome low speed problems for rotor resistance estimation in vector controlled IM drives

This paper presents a new neural network based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) to solve low speed problems for estimating rotor resistance in vector control of induction motor (IM) The MRAS using rotor flux as the state variable with a two layer online trained neural network rotor flux estimator as the adaptive model (FLUX MRAS) for rotor resistance estimation is popularly used in vector control. In this scheme, the reference model used is the flux estimator using voltage model equations. The voltage model encounters major drawbacks at low speeds, namely, integrator drift and stator resistance variation problems. These lead to a significant error in the estimation of rotor resistance at low speed. To address these problems, an offline trained NN with data incorporating stator resistance variation is proposed to estimate flux, and used instead of the voltage model. The offline trained NN, modeled using the cascade neural network, is used as a reference model instead of the voltage model to form a new scheme named as "NN FLUXMRAS." The NN FLUX MRAS uses two neural networks, namely, offline trained NN as the reference model and online trained NN as the adaptive model. The performance of the novel NN FLUX MRAS is compared with the FLUX MRAS for low speed problems in terms of integral square error (ISE) integral time square error (ITSE) integral absolute error (IAE) and integral time absolute error (ITAE) The proposed NN FLUX MRAS is shown to overcome the low speed problems in Matlab simulation.