nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Psychological research in the internet age: The quality of web based data
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

The internet is increasingly used in psychological research to solicit participants and collect data. This paper includes two studies examining the quality of data obtained via web based methods administered either inside or outside the lab. Both studies used item recognition accuracy as a proxy for attention to questions. Study 1 examined the extent to which undergraduate participants (N??504) read and attended to questions either inside or outside the lab. Study 2 (N??744) replicated Study 1, added a Mechanical Turk sample, and examined attention to non intuitive survey instructions. Results indicated that participants demonstrated good item recognition, regardless of locale or sample; however, small sex effects on accuracy were found in both studies. Specifically, women were more accurate at identifying previously seen items than men in both Study 1 and Study 2. In Study 2,  Turk participants were more likely to read instructions than undergraduate participants, regardless of whether they participated inside or outside of the lab. The findings support the use of the internet for sampling purposes as well as survey administration, and suggest that researchers use care when studies include non intuitive instructions. Undergraduate and MTurk participants did not differ in item recognition accuracy.Participants attended to survey items equally well in and outside of the lab.Women's recognition accuracy was higher than men's, especially when unsupervised.MTurk participants were more likely than undergraduates to read instructions.Results support using the web for subject recruitment and survey administration.
Masses, Crowds, Communities, Movements: Collective Action in the Internet Age

This article investigates two questions: One, how might the very differently structured social collectives on the Internet masses, crowds, communities and movements be classified and distinguished? And two, what influence do the technological infrastructures in which they operate have on their formation, structure, and activities? For this, we differentiate between two main types of social collectives: non organized collectives, which exhibit loosely coupled collective behavior, and collective actors with a separate identity and strategic capability. Further, we examine the newness, or distinctive traits, of online based collectives, which we identify as being the strong and hitherto non existent interplay between the technological infrastructures that these collectives are embedded in and the social processes of coordination and institutionalization they must engage in, in order to maintain their viability over time. Conventional patterns of social dynamics in the development and stabilization of collective action are now systematically intertwined with technology induced processes of structuration.
Same but Different? Distributed Creativity in the Internet Age

This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of the Internet on distributed creativity. While the social mechanisms that are fundamental for creative expression are not radically different online, and while we want to avoid overly romanticizing the role of the Internet or falling prey to technological determinism, we argue that there are, nevertheless, significant shifts that must be acknowledged and examined. In order to achieve a more nuanced and analytical account, we suggest a simple framework centred around five questions who, when, where, how and why that allow for a differentiated understanding of the range of changes in creative expression in the Internet age. To model the application of this framework, we use the example of crowdsourced art (participatory online art) as a creative practice that illustrates some of these key shifts. In thinking about creativity in online spaces, we suggest that the consideration of actors (who) times (when) places (where) processes (how) and motives (why) facilitates a valuable multidimensional understanding of these significant and complex changes.
Life satisfaction in the internet age Changes in the past decade
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Using data from large scale Annual Social Surveys of the CBS in Israel, the current study investigated the impact of internet adoption and internet uses on the life satisfaction of senior citizens (aged 65+ compared to those of working age (ages 20 64) during the decade of 2003 2012. The findings show high medium levels of life satisfaction higher in younger age group, compared to the senior citizens. Life satisfaction increased moderately over time among the younger age group, while among the older population it remained stable during the decade under study. Our main conclusion is that internet adoption and digital uses increase life satisfaction, after controlling for socio demographic variables, sociability and health condition. In addition, internet adoption and digital uses can constitute an important channel for increasing life satisfaction among senior citizens and weaker social groups: people from low economic strata and those suffering from health problems that interfere with day to day functioning. Moreover, in contrast to other powerful factors impacting life satisfaction (income, religiosity, sociability and health problems) this factor can be changed with relative ease, if digital literacy becomes one of the important goals in the national agenda. The research focused on impact of internet adoption on the life satisfaction.Life satisfaction increased among the 18 64 aged and remained stable among seniors.Internet adoption and digital uses increase life satisfaction.Internet use is a channel for increasing life satisfaction among weaker groups.
Mobilization in the Internet Age: Internet Activism and Corporate Response

Civil society's inability to hold powerful businesses accountable in authoritarian regimes is a grand challenge in today's global environment. We propose that the development of Internet activism provides a novel mechanism to pressure for corporate response in those societies. Internet activism is dispersed, fast moving, and interactive, and hence can effectively focus public attention and potentially undermine a company's public image by generating social comparison. In addition, firms with public image vulnerability may experience magnified pressure from Internet activism, as well as more intense social comparison. We explore this framework in the setting of corporate donations made in the wake of the 2008 earthquake in the Sichuan Province of China, which triggered Internet activism that challenged corporations to contribute to the good of the community. Analysis based on 613 large publicly listed Chinese firms supports our framework.
Two Similarity Metrics for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) An Aid to Biomedical Text Mining and Author Name Disambiguation

In the present paper, we have created and characterized several similarity metrics for relating any two Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) to each other. The article based metric measures the tendency of two MeSH terms to appear in the MEDLINE record of the same article. The author based metric measures the tendency of two MeSH terms to appear in the body of articles written by the same individual (using the 2009 Author ity author name disambiguation dataset as a gold standard) The two metrics are only modestly correlated with each other (r 0.50) indicating that they capture different aspects of term usage. The article based metric provides a measure of semantic relatedness, and MeSH term pairs that co occur more often than expected by chance may reflect relations between the two terms. In contrast, the author metric is indicative of how individuals practice science, and may have value for author name disambiguation and studies of scientific discovery. We have calculated article metrics for all MeSH terms appearing in at least 25 articles in MEDLINE (as of 2014) and author metrics for MeSH terms published as of 2009. The dataset is freely available for download and can be queried at http:/arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/arrowsmith_uic/mesh_pair_metrics.html.
A data mining approach to selecting herbs with similar efficacy: Targeted selection methods based on medical subject headings (MeSH)
Venue: Journal of ethnopharmacology

ETHNO PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural products have long been the most important source of ingredients in the discovery of new drugs. Moreover, since the Nagoya Protocol, finding alternative herbs with similar efficacy in traditional medicine has become a very important issue. Although random selection is a common method of finding ethno medicinal herbs of similar efficacy, it proved to be less effective; therefore, this paper proposes a novel targeted selection method using data mining approaches in the MEDLINE database in order to identify and select herbs with a similar degree of efficacy.  From among sixteen categories of medical subject headings (MeSH) descriptors, three categories containing terms related to herbal compounds, efficacy, toxicity, and the metabolic process were selected. In order to select herbs of similar efficacy in a targeted way, we adopted the similarity measurement method based on MeSH. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, we built up three different validation datasets which contain lists of original herbs and corresponding medicinal herbs of similar efficacy.  The average area under curve (AUC) of the proposed algorithm was found to be about 500% larger than the random selection method. We found that the proposed algorithm puts more hits at the front of the top 10 list than the random selection method, and precisely discerns the efficacy of the herbs. It was also found that the AUC of the experiments either remained the same or increased slightly in all three validation datasets as the search range was increased.  This study reveals and proves that the proposed algorithm is significantly more accurate and efficient in finding alternative herbs of similar efficacy than the random selection method. As such, it is hoped that this approach will be used in diverse applications in the ethno pharmacology field.
Cited references and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as two different knowledge representations: clustering and mappings at the paper level
Venue: Scientometrics

For the biomedical sciences, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) make available a rich feature which cannot currently be merged properly with widely used citing/cited data. Here, we provide methods and routines that make MeSH terms amenable to broader usage in the study of science indicators: using Web of Science (WoS) data, one can generate the matrix of citing versus cited documents; using PubMed/MEDLINE data, a matrix of the citing documents versus MeSH terms can be generated analogously. The two matrices can also be reorganized into a 2 mode matrix of MeSH terms versus cited references. Using the abbreviated journal names in the references, one can, for example, address the question whether MeSH terms can be used as an alternative to WoS Subject Categories for the purpose of normalizing citation data. We explore the applicability of the routines in the case of a research program about the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. One conclusion is that referenced journals provide archival structures, whereas MeSH terms indicate mainly variation (including novelty) at the research front. Furthermore, we explore the option of using the citing/cited matrix for main path analysis as a by product of the software.
Making things in Fab Labs: a case study on sustainability and co creation
Venue: Digit. Creativity

Digital fabrication laboratories (such as Fab Labs) are a global initiative of workshops that offer open access to technologies to produce objects from beginning idea to final production. Fab Labs encourage open and free knowledge sharing among 'experts' and the general public. Claims are being made about community based digital fabrication workshops transforming practices of design, innovation, production and consumption, while describing positive impacts on the environment and social goals. Research that examines such claims is sparse. This paper explores realities of using digital fabrication technologies within a Fab Lab. It draws on a case study that describes practical outcomes of a design workshop in which a multidisciplinary team engaged in issues of sustainable design and processes of co creation to design and fabricate a prototype. This experience provides insight into the impact of digital fabrication technologies within a sustainable and co creational design context and critical reflections are presented.
Does recall of a past music event invoke a reminiscence bump in young adults?
Venue: Memory

Many studies of the reminiscence bump (RB) in music invoke memories from different autobiographical times by using stimulus specific prompts (SSPs) This study investigated the utility of a non SSP paradigm to determine whether the RB would emerge when participants were asked to recall a single memorable musical event from "a time long ago" The presence of a RB in response to music has not been obtained in such a manner for younger participants. Eighty eight 20 22 year olds reported music episodes that peaked when their autobiographical age was 13 14 years. Self selected stimuli included a range of musical styles, including classical and non Western pop forms, such as J pop and K pop, as well as generational pop music, such as the Beatles. However, most participants reported pop/rock music that was contemporaneous with encoding age, providing support for the utility of published SSP paradigms using pop music. Implications for and limitations of SSP paradigms are discussed. Participants were also asked to relate the selected musical piece to current musical tastes. Most participants liked the music that they selected, with many continuing to like the music, but most also reported a general broadening of their taste, consistent with developmental literature on open earedness.
A GPU based implementation for the gamma multiset rewriting paradigm
Venue: SAC

This work presents a GPU based implementation of the Gamma multiset rewriting paradigm. Inspired by the chemical reaction metaphor, Gamma was conceived as a highlevel abstract language for programs specification in a very simple, concise, and naturally parallel way, making clearer the distinction between the problem itself and the underlying implementation issues. We believe that the computational model adopted by Gamma matches naturally with the Graphics Processing Units execution mode, once both concepts consist basically in parallel processing of data. We extended an earlier distributed and parallel implementation of the Gamma language called Gamma Base, adding support to execution of Gamma programs over the GPUs, and we called this new implementation Gamma GPU. Practical experiments were conducted in a GPU cluster, which showed us the correctness of the new implementation, besides good speedups comparing to a sequential Gamma implementation, proving the contributions introduced by our work.
A case case study on sinonasal cancer prevention: effect from dust reduction in woodworking and risk of mastic/solvents in shoemaking
Venue: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology

cancers (SNCs) are rare neoplasms, accounting for about 3 of head and neck cancers, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) as the most common subtypes. ADCs present strong associations with occupational wood dust exposure. Preventive measures have progressively reduced wood dust concentrations in workplaces but no study has evaluated the effectiveness of such interventions. Few studies indicate associations between ADC and exposure to solvents, which is common in the shoe industry, but this hypothesis still needs confirmation.MethodsIn a case case study, we contrasted 32 ADCs against 21 Non Adenocarcinoma Epithelial Tumors (NAETs) all recruited from the same clinical setting (Padua's University Hospital; period 2004 2015) using questionnaires and clinical records to collect information on potential predictors. Non occupational factors were age, sex, smoking, allergy and chronic sinusitis. Occupational factors were intensity and frequency of wood dust exposure, protection from wood dust, type of wood (in woodworking) frequency of exposure to leather dust or mastic/solvent (in shoemaking) Odds ratio (OR) 95 confidence interval (95 CI) and two tail p values were obtained through stepwise backward logistic regression for each industry, always using as reference patients never employed in either trade and adjusting for non occupational risk factors.ResultsAdjusted OR was 22.5 (95 CI 3.50 144; p 0.001) and 9.37 (95 CI 1.29 67.6; p 0.026) respectively, in patients with low or high degree of protection against wood dust. In the shoe industry, adjusted OR was 1 and 18.8 (95 CI 1.29 174; p 0.030) respectively, in patients with low or high exposure to only mastic/solvent; and 1 and 22.5 (95 CI 2.07 244; p 0.011) respectively, in patients with low or high exposure to only leather dust.Discussion and conclusionsThe questionnaire used was able to estimate with simple algorithms past exposures in wood and footwear industries. The case case design considerably increased the validity of this small study. Results in this study were always consistent with the extant literature; this could support reliability of novel findings. In woodworking, respiratory protective equipment and local exhaust ventilation reduced the risk of occupational SNC; in footwear manufacture, where preventive interventions were seldom adopted, SNC risk was significantly greater for high exposure from mastic/solvent and leather dust.
Using geometric algebra to represent and interpolate tool poses
Venue: Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf.

In conventional computer aided manufacturing techniques, a tool path is sent to the machine tool controller as a sequence of precision points. This means that errors are introduced when the controller interpolates between the points to recover the intended path. For 4 and 5 axis machining, a sequence of precision poses (positions and orientations) is needed. The use of geometric algebra in representing poses is discussed. The form of algebra used can represent rigid body transforms exactly and can interpolate, in a natural way, between two or more poses using spherical linear interpolation. Sequences of poses from free form surfaces are investigated. Tool motions are generated and compared with tool paths derived from purely positional information. It is found that the motion paths more naturally follow the original surface so that the interpolation errors are smaller.
A survey of methods for time series change point detection
Venue: Knowledge and Information Systems

Change points are abrupt variations in time series data. Such abrupt changes may represent transitions that occur between states. Detection of change points is useful in modelling and prediction of time series and is found in application areas such as medical condition monitoring, climate change detection, speech and image analysis, and human activity analysis. This survey article enumerates, categorizes, and compares many of the methods that have been proposed to detect change points in time series. The methods examined include both supervised and unsupervised algorithms that have been introduced and evaluated. We introduce several criteria to compare the algorithms. Finally, we present some grand challenges for the community to consider.
Volcano deformation survey over the Northern and Central Andes with ALOS InSAR time series

We use ALOS 1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data spanning the period of 2007 2011 to obtain time dependent ground deformation data over all of the volcanoes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. We detect deformation on or near the proximity of Galeras, Reventador, Tungurahua, Guagua Pichincha, Sangay, and Cerro Auquihuato volcanoes, uncovering previously undocumented deformation in the latter three. Deformation is attributed to changes in pressurization of the volcanic systems (Galeras, Tungurahua, Guagua Pichincha, and Cerro Auquihuato) subsidence associated with flow deposits (Reventador) and flank creep (Sangay) Our models suggest that the pressure sources are located at depths of 1 6 km from the surface, indicating that the measurable deformation within our data is restricted to shallow magma chambers and hydrothermal systems.
Physical activity prescription before bariatric surgery: Feasibility, health impacts, and practical implications

Obesity is a challenging health problem. For people with morbid obesity who cannot lose weight, using conventional weight loss methods, they may resort to bariatric surgery. However, despite increasing evidence that physical activity (PA) can reduce weight and improve postsurgical outcomes, most preoperative obese patients are inactive. Therefore, the aim of the present paper was to review the evidence for the feasibility and beneficial health impact of prebariatric surgery PA program for obese patients and to discuss the practical implications of PA counseling and exercise prescription to healthcare providers. A systematic electronic search was conducted utilizing keywords related to PA, exercise, and prebariatric surgery using MEDLINE databases. The findings of this review indicated that a presurgical intervention targeting PA among obese patients awaiting bariatric surgery is feasible and has the potential to increase patient's engagement in PA postoperatively. In addition, higher levels of preoperative PA or physical fitness were associated with lower postsurgical complications and a shorter length of stay in hospital. There is also evidence to support that higher levels of preoperative PA may improve weight loss outcomes following laparoscopic surgery. Research showed that the daily time spent being sedentary among obese patients was quite excessive. In adult population, the available evidence demonstrates a dose response relationship between the amount of moderate to vigorous intensity PA and reduced weight loss and increased health benefits. It is recommended that healthcare providers to increase their use of the five A's (Assess, Advise, Agree, Assist, and Arrange) counseling model when counseling obese patients about PA and weight loss. Finally, the future studies must seek to make PA more effective and compliant for obese patients and focus on identifying major barriers that are preventing most patients from assuming active lifestyles.
Neural Module Networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Visual question answering is fundamentally compositional in nature a question like where is the dog? shares substructure with questions like what color is the dog? and where is the cat? This paper seeks to simultaneously exploit the representational capacity of deep networks and the compositional linguistic structure of questions. We describe a procedure for constructing and learning neural module networks, which compose collections of jointly trained neural "modules" into deep networks for question answering. Our approach decomposes questions into their linguistic substructures, and uses these structures to dynamically instantiate modular networks (with reusable components for recognizing dogs, classifying colors, etc. The resulting compound networks are jointly trained. We evaluate our approach on two challenging datasets for visual question answering, achieving state of the art results on both the VQA natural image dataset and a new dataset of complex questions about abstract shapes.