nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing State of OpenFlow Switches in Mobile Core Networks by Flow Rule Aggregation
Venue: 2016 25th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN)

While bringing many advantages, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is accompanied by potential scalability issues that should be considered in the design of SDN based networks. Specifically, SDN hardware switches based on Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) can only store a few thousands of rules, imposing thus severe limits on the number of flows they can serve/process. Current proposals to deal with this problem mainly focus on optimal placement of flows that complies with the given constraints on TCAM size. We argue in this paper that flow routing not only should be but also can be independent of TCAM size constraints. We introduce two flow rule aggregation algorithms: One performs the "per outport' aggregation of the paths between access nodes in the network. It is optimal in that it holds the flow table sizes at the minimum, but has a drawback that it produces long identifiers of the path endpoints (access nodes) which cannot fit the IP address size. The other algorithm is its approximation under the constraint that the generated identifiers fit the limit imposed by the addressing scheme (e.g. IPv4) We study the performance of our algorithms analytically and through a set of experiments. While the optimal solution always keeps the flow table sizes at the minimum, we show that the approximate algorithm reduces the flow table sizes by a factor of 2 to 10 compared to the state of the art solution, under a reasonable constraint on the address length (e.g. 32 bits in case of IPv4)
Presence of pharmaceuticals in the Lis river (Portugal) Sources, fate and seasonal variation.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

The occurrence of 33 pharmaceuticals and metabolites was evaluated along the Lis river and in the influents and effluents of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located along the river. Results indicate that pharmaceuticals, such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, carbamazepine and fluoxetine, and the metabolite salicylic acid are widespread along the Lis river, showing 100% of detection frequency, at levels up to 1.3mgL 1. The number of molecules detected increased along the river, with 11 molecules in the source, 15 upstream WWTP 1, 16 downstream WWTP 1 and upstream WWTP 2 and 19 downstream WWTP 2. The highest concentrations were often found downstream near the river mouth. Different possible sources of contamination of the Lis river were identified, namely WWTP effluents, untreated wastewaters and livestock production. Nevertheless, the discharge of WWTP effluents appeared to be the most pronounced, given that, in general, it was noticed an increase in the concentration of pharmaceuticals downstream of the WWTPs. WWTP effluents contributed with a total mass load of pharmaceuticals into the Lis river between 470 and 2317mg/d/1000 inhabitants. Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs/analgesics were the therapeutic group with a high contribution to the total mass load of pharmaceuticals entering the Lis river, followed by psychiatric drugs and antibiotics. No seasonal variation was observed for the detected concentrations of pharmaceuticals. At the levels detected in the Lis river, sulfamethoxazole, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ibuprofen showed to have potential risk for aquatic organisms. These findings show that further studies embracing different environmental compartments (water, sediment and biota) are needed, in order to evaluate the partition/distribution of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and transformation products in the environment as well as to predict their possible impact to non target organisms and, in a last instance, to human health.
When are readership counts as useful as citation counts? Scopus versus Mendeley for LIS journals
Venue: J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol.

In theory, articles can attract readers on the social reference sharing site Mendeley before they can attract citations, so Mendeley altmetrics could provide early indications of article impact. This article investigates the influence of time on the number of Mendeley readers of an article through a theoretical discussion and an investigation into the relationship between counts of readers of, and citations to, 4 general library and information science (LIS) journals. For this discipline, it takes about 7 years for articles to attract as many Scopus citations as Mendeley readers, and after this the Spearman correlation between readers and citers is stable at about 0.6 for all years. This suggests that Mendeley readership counts may be useful impact indicators for both newer and older articles. The lack of dates for individual Mendeley article readers and an unknown bias toward more recent articles mean that readership data should be normalized individually by year, however, before making any comparisons between articles published in different years.
Social Justice as Topic and Tool: An Attempt to Transform an LIS Curriculum and Culture
Venue: The Library Quarterly

Training culturally competent and socially responsible library and information science (LIS) professionals requires a blended approach that extends across curricula, professional practice, and research. Social justice can support these goals by serving as a topic of inquiry in LIS curricula as well as by providing a scholarly framework for understanding how power and privilege shape LIS institutions and professional practice. This article applies social justice as a topic and tool for transforming LIS curricula and culture by exploring the implementation of social justice themed courses and an extracurricular reading group in one LIS department. Exploring curricular and extracurricular cases in a shared institutional setting contextualizes key challenges and conversations that can inform similar initiatives in other institutions. Transforming LIS culture to prioritize social justice values, epistemologies, and frameworks requires multivalent strategies, community buy in, and shared responsibility in terms of the labor of leading and sustaining engagement with social justice.
The systematic review of literature in LIS: an approach
Venue: TEEM

Systematic reviews have become an important source of information and very popular in knowledge areas as health and allied sciences, but nevertheless, despite its indisputable benefits, they are yet infrequently used in Library and Information Science research (LIS) Systematic reviews are a type of scientific research that aims to integrate in an objective and systematic manner the results of empirical studies on a particular research problem in order to determine the state of the question in its field of study. In this paper, we provide a brief survey on the literature reviews in the social science area and we propose the adoption of the systematic review as a methodology for recovering, analyzing, evaluating and critical appraising the relevant literature in library and information science (LIS)
MOOCs an opportunity for international collaboration in LIS education

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have opened up a gateway for ongoing learning opportunities to students, faculty and researchers. MOOCs are now being offered in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS) by a number of universities and institutions. This paper aims to explore how this new model of education can bring opportunities to LIS schools to overcome such constraints as lack of teachers, variable skills levels, paucity of funds and limited infrastructure, all of which can be significant barriers to effective delivery of LIS education. This paper will provide the first perspective from a developing country like India. It will explain the concept of MOOC and discuss its present role in LIS, and will explore its potential for collaboration in furthering teaching and research in this area.  A desk based approach was used to study the philosophy behind MOOCs and its applicability in the field of LIS. However, a survey method was implemented to collect views of LIS professionals in India, to assess their understanding and interest in MOOCs. The scope of this study was limited to explaining how this new form of education can bring opportunities to LIS schools in India.  The study reveals great interest among Indian LIS professionals in further study through MOOCs, although the adoption of this learning method in Indian LIS schools is still a rarity. However, policy initiatives recently proposed by the Government of India will make it necessary for LIS schools to start experimenting with this new medium of education.  Some of the areas of collaboration discussed in this paper may enable LIS teachers and schools to adopt MOOCs to further LIS education and research, especially in developing countries.
Recent Development of Advanced Materials with Special Wettability for Selective Oil/Water Separation.
Venue: Small

The increasing number of oil spill accidents have a catastrophic impact on our aquatic environment. Recently, special wettable materials used for the oil/water separation have received significant research attention. Due to their opposing affinities towards water and oil, i.e. hydrophobic and oleophilic, or hydrophilic and oleophobic, such materials can be used to remove only one phase from the oil/water mixture, and simultaneously repel the other phase, thus achieving selective oil/water separation. Moreover, the synergistic effect between the surface chemistry and surface architecture can further promote the superwetting behavior, resulting in the improved separation efficiency. Here, recently developed materials with special wettability for selective oil/water separation are summarized and discussed. These materials can be categorized based on their oil/water separating mechanisms, i.e. filtration and absorption. In each section, representative studies will be highlighted, with emphasis on the materials wetting properties and innovative aspects. Finally, challenges and future research directions in this emerging and promising research field will be briefly described.
Depth Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Relation to Tillage and Cropping Sequences in Some Dry Lands of Punjab, Pakistan

Depth distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions depends on the efficiency of agro technical managements. Information on depth distribution of SOC fractions mostly confined to the plow layer and scant in dry lands of Punjab, Pakistan. Therefore, a field experiment was laid out with moldboard plow (MP) (control) tine cultivator (TC) and minimum tillage (MT) as main plots, and cropping sequences fallow wheat (Triticum aestivum L. (FW, control) mungbean (Vigna radiata L. wheat (MW) sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. wheat (SW) green manure wheat (GW) and mungbean chickpea (MC) (Cicer arietinum L. as sub plots. Treatment effects were assessed for microbial biomass carbon (MBC) potentially mineralizeable carbon (PMC) particulate organic carbon (POC) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) HCl insoluble carbon (HIC) and stratification ratio (SR) in Rawal series: Udic Haplustalf. Alfisols. The MBC concentration was the highest in MT system, at 15 to 30 cm depth under MW and PMC concentration was highest under SW with MT at 45 60 cm. MP had higher POC in FW sequence. The highest DOC was at 0 to 15 cm depth under MC with TC and stock of HIC was more under TC with FW sequence. The highest SR of PMC was under MT with FW at 0 15:15 30 and POC was under TC and MP with FW at depths of 0 15:45 60 cm. The highest SR for DOC was under MP with GW at 0 15:45 60 cm and HCl insoluble C was under MT with SW at 0 15:45 60. In broad spectrum, labile organic fractions revealed differential sensitivity, and POC stocks are also a sensitive indicator to detect the short management effects.
Establishment of Resilient Infrastructures for the Mitigation of an Urban Water Problem: 1. Robustness Assessment of Structural Alternatives for the Problem of Urban Floods

Current cities encounter various types of water problems due to rapid urbanization and climate change. The increasing significance of urban water problems calls for the establishment of resilient alternatives to prevent and minimize social loss that results from these phenomena. As a background research for establishing resilient infrastructures for the mitigation of urban water problems, we evaluated the robustness of structural alternatives for urban flood as a representative case. Combining the robustness index (RI) and the cost index (CI) we suggested the robustness cost index (RCI) as an indicator of the robustness of structural alternatives, and applied the index to assess the existing infrastructures and structural alternatives (i.e. sewer network expansion, additional storage tank construction, and green roof construction) at a site prone to floods located around Gangnam station, Seoul, Korea. At a rainfall intensity frequency range of 2 to 20 years, the usage of a storage tank and a green roof showed relatively high RCI value, with a variation of an alternative showing greater RCI between the two depending on the size of design rainfall. For a rainfall intensity frequency of 30 years, installing a storage tank with some green roofing was the most resilient alternative based on the RCI value. We proposed strategies for establishing resilient infrastructures for the mitigation of urban floods by evaluating the robustness of existing infrastructures and selecting optimal structural alternatives with the consideration of scales of design disaster.
The Dark Triad and Trait Versus Ability Emotional Intelligence

A growing body of studies investigates emotional intelligence (EI) in relation to the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits. DT traits seem to be generally associated with lower EI, but findings are still inconsistent, especially with respect to narcissism. The vast majority of studies investigating EI correlates of DT traits relied on self report measures in terms of trait EI. Currently, there are only sparse reports of relationships between DT traits, trait EI, and performance measures of ability EI. Thus, we investigated the relationships between these constructs in a sample of N 540 individuals. We performed analyses separately for both sexes as recent research indicates that correlations might differ between women and men. Results showed that in women, reduced trait and ability EI are linked to psychopathy, but not the other DT traits. In men, the pattern of results was more complex: Narcissism was primarily related to lower ability EI, whereas psychopathy was primarily associated with lower.
Amputation und Exartikulation der Kleinzehen
Venue: Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie

ZusammenfassungOperationszielAmputationen und Exartikulationen der Zehen konnen aus den verschiedensten Grunden notwendig werden. Ziel ist es, geschadigtes Gewebe (z. B. Nekrosen) zu entfernen oder Infekte zu sanieren, bevor sich der jeweilige Prozess auf den Mittelfuss ausbreitet.IndikationenVerletzungen, Infektionen, Tumore oder Deformitaten, die einen Zehenerhalt nicht zulassen.KontraindikationenErkrankungen, die sich durch eine alleinige Amputation der Zehe nicht behandeln lassen. Die ,Salamitaktik" ist v. a. bei der progredienten peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit kontraindiziert. Zehenamputation wird entweder als Grenzzonenamputation im Endgelenk oder als Exartikulation der Zehe durchgefuhrt.WeiterbehandlungVorubergehend Verbandschuh. Eine langfristige schuhtechnische Versorgung allein aufgrund der Amputation einer Zehe ist nur in Ausnahmefallen notwendig, allerdings mussen begleitende Veranderungen des Fusses beachtet werden. Bei der Amputation mehrerer Zehen werden Spacer/Epithesen eingesetzt, um die Deviation verbliebener Zehen zu vermeiden. Amputationen der Kleinzehen stellt eine haufige und einfache Operation dar. Dennoch ist aufgrund des Patientenkollektivs die Komplikationsrate hoch. Bei aller Einfachheit der operativen Technik gibt es daher einige Prinzipien zu beachten.AbstractObjectiveAmputations and exarticulations of the toes may be necessary due to several reasons. The goal is to remove necrosis or infection prior to its spread to the midfoot region. From a functional or cosmetic point of view, amputation/exarticulation of a single toe plays no major role. However, this can be different with exarticulation of several toes.IndicationsNecrosis, trauma, infection, tumor, deformity.ContraindicationsConditions where amputation/exarticulation of a toe is insufficient, e. g. in progressing peripheral arterial disease.Surgical techniqueThe toe can either be amputated through the distal phalanx or exarticulated in the metatarsophalangeal joint.Postoperative managementOrthopedic shoes or orthotic devices are rarely necessary when a single toe is amputated/exarticulated. However, concomitant deformities of the foot have to be thoroughly addressed. If more than one toe is amputated, silicone spacers may be necessary to prevent the remaining toes from deviating.ResultsAmputations and exarticulations of the toes are frequent and the procedure is technically simple. However, the complication rate is high due to typical indications making amputation necessary.
Is the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis a sound basis for environmental policy in Africa

Achieving economic development and environmental sustainability simultaneously is one of the most important development challenges for Africa today. The relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is founded on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) This paper examines the validity of the hypothesis and the driving factors of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in five African countries using the STIRPAT empirical model, panel cointegration and fully modified ordinary least squares. Unlike previous studies, economic development is disaggregated into agriculture and industrial economic development. The results show that there is no evidence of the validity of the hypothesis in Africa, regardless of whether economic development is driven by agriculture or industrialisation. Energy structure and energy intensity are the two major driving forces of CO2 emissions in Africa. Population growth and urbanisation have negative relationship with CO2 emissions. From our results, the EKC is not a sound basis for environmental policy in Africa; rather, environmental policy in Africa, specifically for CO2 emissions mitigation, should focus on encouraging energy efficiency, enhancing the use of clean energy, incorporating the impact of population growth and harnessing the positive impacts of urbanisation.
High Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Associated With Low Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3 and 4
Venue: Medicine

AbstractIn chronic kidney disease (CKD) decreased erythropoietin production, low serum active vitamin D levels, and high renin angiotensin aldosterone activities had been regarded as major causes of renal anemia. At present, no clinical data are available to elucidate the association between renal anemia and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels in CKD. This study aimed to access whether FGF23 is involved in the pathogenesis of renal anemia.This cross sectional observational study included 53 stable outpatients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Our primary predictor was serum FGF23 levels and outcome was hemoglobin levels. Measurements contained hemoglobin, FGF23, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, plasma renin, serum aldosterone, HbA1C levels, lipid and iron profiles, and serum and urine electrolytes.Mean age of our patients was 66.4 12.8 (SD) years, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate 33.5 13.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, median FGF23 level 200 (25th 75th percentile, 124 303) pg/mL, vitamin D level 19.5 (25th 75th percentile, 14.0 25.9) ng/mL, and hemoglobin level 12.7 (25th 75th percentile, 10.7 13.75) g/dL. Even after adjusting multiple variables, lower hemoglobin levels correlated significantly with FGF23 levels that were higher than the median value >200 pg/mL) Moreover, after adjusting for aldosterone, but not 25 hydroxyvitamin D, it decreased the association with FGF23 that higher than median level and hemoglobin levels. We also observed a significant decrease of hemoglobin level in the higher FGF23 group who had a diabetes history.High FGF23 levels were observed to be associated with low hemoglobin levels, which may be partially mediated through the effects of serum aldosterone levels in our patients with CKD stages 3 and 4. Furthermore, we also presumed that diabetes itself may have an impact on the loop among FGF23, hemoglobin, and aldosterone levels in these CKD patients.
How fresh is maple syrup? Sugar maple trees mobilize carbon stored several years previously during early springtime sap ascent.
Venue: The New phytologist

While trees store substantial amounts of nonstructural carbon (NSC) for later use, storage regulation and mobilization of stored NSC in long lived organisms like trees are still not well understood. At two different sites with sugar maple (Acer saccharum) we investigated ascending sap (sugar concentration, d(13) C, D(14) C) as the mobilized component of stored stem NSC during early springtime. Using the bomb spike radiocarbon approach we were able to estimate the average time elapsed since the mobilized carbon (C) was originally fixed from the atmosphere and to infer the turnover time of stem storage. Sites differed in concentration dynamics and overall d(13) C, indicating different growing conditions. The absence of temporal trends for d(13) C and D(14) C indicated sugar mobilization from a well mixed pool with average D(14) C consistent with a mean turnover time (TT) of three to five years for this pool, with only minor differences between the sites. Sugar maple trees hence appear well buffered against single or even several years of negative plant C balance from environmental stress such as drought or repeated defoliation by insects. Manipulative investigations (e.g. starvation via girdling) combined with D(14) C measurements of this mobilized storage pool will provide further new insights into tree storage regulation and functioning.
Growth Rates of Sugar Maple Trees Tapped for Maple Syrup Production Using High Yield Sap Collection Practices

The amount of sap that can be extracted annually from trees for maple syrup production using current equipment and practices is more than double the typical yields achievable when current maple industry tapping guidelines were developed. The growth rates of trees tapped with these "high yield" practices at 18 sites in Vermont were measured and evaluated to determine whether they were sufficient for the replenishment of conductive wood to remain at sustainable levels when current tapping guidelines are followed. The basal area increments of healthy codominant or dominant trees across the sites ranged from 1.8 0.2) in./year in 10 in. diameter trees, to 3.5 0.3) in./year in 18 in. diameter trees. The estimated minimum growth rates required ranged from 1.4 in./year in 10 in. trees to 2.6 in./year in 18 in. trees. These results suggest that the growth rates of many trees tapped with high yield sap collection practices are sufficient for this activity to remain sustainable when current tapping guidelines are followed. However, an average of 35% of sampled trees had growth rates below the estimated minimums. This indicates that tapping practices must be modified for some trees to ensure that adequate replenishment of conductive wood is maintained and that growth rates must be measured to be certain sustainable tapping practices are implemented.