nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Maxillary sinus lift surgery with or without graft material? A systematic review.
Venue: International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery

The purpose of this systematic review was to perform a comparative analysis of the use or not of graft material in maxillary sinus lift surgery. Relevant studies published in the last 10 years were identified through a search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library databases and were assessed against the study inclusion and exclusion criteria. The initial search resulted in 1037 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles remained. Four hundred and thirty six patients were followed up over a postoperative period ranging from 6 months to 11 years. In total, 868 implants were installed in 397 maxillary sinuses. The implant survival rate was 96.00% for surgeries performed without graft material and 99.60% for those in which biomaterial was used, within a follow up period of 48 to 60 months. In conclusion, maxillary sinus lift surgery, with or without graft material, is a safe procedure with a low complication rate and predictable results.
Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in Localized Alveolar Ridge and Maxillary Sinus Augmentation.
Venue: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP 2) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a viable alternative to bone graft in spinal fusion and maxillary sinus lift. The research questions for meta analysis were: Is rhBMP 2 an effective bone graft substitute in localized alveolar ridge augmentation and maxillary sinus floor augmentation? What are the potential adverse events?  A search of MEDLINE from January 1980 to January 2014 using PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and EMBASE was performed. Searches were performed from Medical Subject Headings. The quality of each study included was graded by Review Manager software. The primary outcome variable was bone formation measured as change in bone height on computed tomogram. A systematic review of adverse events also was performed. A random effects model was chosen. Continuous variables were calculated using the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing improvement from baseline of the experimental group with that of the control group. Change in bone height was calculated using logarithmic odds ratio. Test of significance used the Z statistic with a P value of .05.  Ten studies met the criteria for systematic review; 8 studies were included in the meta analysis. Five studies assessed localized alveolar ridge augmentation and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of 0.56 (CI, 0.20 0.92) in favor of BMP; this result was statistically important. Three studies assessed maxillary sinus floor augmentation and resulted in an overall standardized mean difference of 0.50 (CI, 0.93 to 0.09) which was meaningfully different in favor of the control group. Adverse events were inconsistently reported, ranging from no complications to widespread adverse events.  For localized alveolar ridge augmentation, this meta analysis showed that rhBMP 2 substantially increases bone height. However, rhBMP 2 does not perform as well as the autograft or allograft in maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Long term clinical success and adverse events need to be reported with more consistency before definitive conclusions can be made.
Spiritual Role Models in Fethullah Gulen's Educational Philosophy

Contemporary Turkish Islamic scholar, Fethullah Gulen, states that the world is in need of Islam and Islam is in need of representation or "tamsil" He believes that people's ears are full but their eyes are hungry for role models in all areas of life, including educational institutions. In his philosophy, representation comes before communication or "tabligh" When referring to "tamsil" Fethullah Gulen uses the term "Hasani ruh" or the spirit of Hasan, grandson of Prophet Muhammad SAW (peace be upon him) Hasan (radiallahu anh) symbolizes a loved leader who sacrifices for the peace, security and good of people while striving to prevent conflict and bloodshed in the Muslim world. In Fethullah Gulen's works, "Hasani ruh" refers to being altruistic, trustworthy, peaceful, and devoted to the service of humanity. I will examine the concept of "Hasani ruh" and explore the altruism of teachers as seen in the time they devote and financial support they give to the educational institutions established by Fethullah Gulen's followers in the state of Victoria in Australia. KEY WORDS Fethullah Gulen's works, representation, "Hasani ruh" altruism of teachers, and Gulen inspired school in Victoria. About the Author: Dr. Salih Yucel is a Lecturer at the School of Philosophical, Historical, and International Studies, Centre for Studies in Religion and Theology MU (Monash University) Clayton Campus, Victoria, Australia 3800. The author can be reached at: salih.yucel@monash.edu How to cite this article? Yucel, Salih. (2011) "Spiritual Role Models in Fethullah Gulen's Educational Philosophy"  Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia] ISSN 2085 0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 11, 2011) Revised (September 17, 2011) and Published (October 28, 2011)
Leaching characteristics of encapsulated controlled low strength materials containing arsenic bearing waste precipitates from refractory gold bioleaching.
Venue: Journal of environmental management

We report on the leaching of heavy elements from cemented waste flowable fill, known as controlled low strength materials (CLSM) for potential mine backfill application. Semi dynamic tank leaching tests were carried out on laboratory scale monoliths cured for 28 days and tested over 64 days of leaching with pure de ionised water as leachant. Mineral processing waste include flotation tailings from a Spanish nickel copper sulphide concentrate, and two bioleach neutralisation precipitates (from processing at 35degC and 70degC) from a South African arsenopyrite concentrate. Encapsulated CLSM formulations were evaluated to assess the reduction in leaching by encapsulating a 'hazardous' CLSM core within a layer of relatively 'inert' CLSM. The effect of each bioleach waste in CLSM core and tailings in CLSM encapsulating medium, are assessed in combination and in addition to CLSM with ordinary silica sand. Results show that replacing silica sand with tailings, both as core and encapsulating matrix, significantly reduced leachability of heavy elements, particularly As (from 0.008 0.190 mg/l to 0.008 0.060 mg/l) Ba (from 0.435 1.540 mg/l to 0.050 0.565 mg/l) and Cr (from 0.006 0.458 mg/l to 0.004 0.229 mg/l) to below the 'Dutch List' of groundwater contamination intervention values. Arsenic leaching was inherently high from both bioleach precipitates but was significantly reduced to below guideline values with encapsulation and replacing silica sand with tailings. Tailings proved to be a valuable encapsulating matrix largely owing to small particle size and lower hydraulic conductivity reducing diffusion transport of heavy elements. Field scale trials would be necessary to prove this concept of encapsulation in terms of scale and construction practicalities, and further geochemical investigation to optimise leaching performance. Nevertheless, this work substantiates the need for alternative backfill techniques for sustainable management of hazardous finely sized bulk mineral residues.
STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION MODELS IN TRANSPORTATION LOGISTICS*

The paper deals with the transportation logistics problems in the conditions of incomplete information. The research includes several formulations of the stochastic optimization problem for different variants of the relationship "Resources reserves Resources consumption" For the solvability of these problems we propose two stage scheme for solving stochastic transportation problem. The novelty of the two stage problem stochastic programming formulation has been contained in the statement of the second stage problem. Choosing of compensation plan is determined from the solution of the linear complementarity problem.
A bonfire of the regulations, or business as usual? The UK labour market and the political economy of Brexit

Employment and labour market regulation initially appeared as one of the solid red lines in the UK's renegotiation of the country's place in the EU. The basic argument is that the UK's more deregulated labour market would sit uneasily in the more organised models, based on statutory instruments or collective bargaining, found on the continent. While there is a legitimate problem here, EU employment regulations appear manageable from the point of view of business, while unions see them as important tools for socially responsible economic restructuring. Most of UK employment case law is now deeply entangled with EU law; labour market regulations have, on the whole, become part of the way of doing business in the Single Market; and a simple cost benefit analysis appears impossible because some costs are not quantifiable and the costs of others are reduced when taken as a bundle. Labour unions agree that transposition of European law needs to be done taking into account local sensitivities, while internationally oriented companies do not see EU regulations on the whole as detrimental to business. Importantly, though, the costs and benefits of EU employment regulations are not symmetrically distributed across different companies: large companies are better able to reap the rewards and accommodate the costs of operating in the Single Market than smaller companies.
Student Perceptions in the Evaluation of Ergonomic Convenience of the Classrooms at Akpinar Multi ProgramHigh School

This study aims at evaluating ergonomic convenience of the classrooms at Akpinar Multi Program High School, and it is conducted with 144 voluntary students out of which, 31.9% of the students were 15 years old, 30.6 percent were 16, and 54.2 percent were females, while 45.8 percent were males. The percentage of common high school students was 30.6 percent and the percentage of students with 7 hours of class a day was 81.9 percent. In addition, 74.3 percent of the classrooms had a capacity of 30. Also, 56.2 percent of the students stated that there was noise in the setting; 86.8 percent stated that ceilings and walls were not with sound insulation and 87.5 percent stated there were no adjustable shades available for the windows. It was observed that there was noise in the setting which varied significantly with (t= 2.79, p<0.01) and male students (1.56) were affected more than females (1.33) by the fact that there was noise in the setting. It is understood that sitting height is not adjustable (72.9% that chairs are not adjustable (81.9% that they have no arm rest (86.8% and that material of desks is not designed in a way to avoid falling (76.4% In the area of having enough legroom, male students (1.39) have a higher mean than females (1.20) and there is significant difference between male and females (t= 2.52, p<0.05) It is defined that students feel tired after study in the classroom (80.6% and that there is distractibility during and after study in the classroom (68.8% In the area of distractibility during and after study in the classroom, male students (1.50) have a higher mean than females (1.37) and in the case where there is distractibility during and after study in the classroom, it differs according to sex (t= 3.10, p<0.01)
MO2TOS: Multi Fidelity Optimization with Ordinal Transformation and Optimal Sampling
Venue: Asia Pac. J. Oper. Res.

Simulation optimization can be used to solve many complex optimization problems in automation applications such as job scheduling and inventory control. We propose a new framework to perform efficient simulation optimization when simulation models with different fidelity levels are available. The framework consists of two novel methodologies: ordinal transformation (OT) and optimal sampling (OS) The OT methodology uses the low fidelity simulations to transform the original solution space into an ordinal space that encapsulates useful information from the low fidelity model. The OS methodology efficiently uses high fidelity simulations to sample the transformed space in search of the optimal solution. Through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, we demonstrate the promising performance of the multi fidelity optimization with ordinal transformation and optimal sampling (MO2TOS) framework.
Vaccine Protection Against Zika Virus from Brazil
Venue: Nature

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is responsible for the current epidemic in Brazil and the Americas. ZIKV has been causally associated with fetal microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and other birth defects in both humans and mice. The rapid development of a safe and effective ZIKV vaccine is a global health priority, but very little is currently known about ZIKV immunology and mechanisms of immune protection. Here we show that a single immunization with a plasmid DNA vaccine or a purified inactivated virus vaccine provides complete protection in susceptible mice against challenge with a strain of ZIKV involved in the outbreak in northeast Brazil. This ZIKV strain has recently been shown to cross the placenta and to induce fetal microcephaly and other congenital malformations in mice. We produced DNA vaccines expressing ZIKV pre membrane and envelope (prM Env) as well as a series of deletion mutants. The prM Env DNA vaccine, but not the deletion mutants, afforded complete protection against ZIKV, as measured by absence of detectable viraemia following challenge, and protective efficacy correlated with Env specific antibody titers. Adoptive transfer of purified IgG from vaccinated mice conferred passive protection, and depletion of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in vaccinated mice did not abrogate this protection. These data demonstrate that protection against ZIKV challenge can be achieved by single shot subunit and inactivated virus vaccines in mice and that Env specific antibody titers represent key immunologic correlates of protection. Our findings suggest that the development of a ZIKV vaccine for humans is likely to be achievable.
A Multi Component Prime Boost Vaccination Regimen with a Consensus MOMP Antigen Enhances Chlamydia trachomatis Clearance
Venue: Front. Immunol.

A vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis is of urgent medical need. We explored bioinformatic approaches to generate an immunogen against C. trachomatis that would induce cross serovar T cell responses as (i) CD4+ T cells have been shown in animal models and human studies to be important in chlamydial protection and (ii) antibody responses may be restrictive and serovar specific.  A consensus antigen based on over 1,500 major outer membrane protein (MOMP) sequences provided high epitope coverage against the most prevalent C. trachomatis strains in silico. Having designed the T cell immunogen, we assessed it for immunogenicity in prime boost regimens. This consensus MOMP transgene was delivered using plasmid DNA, Human Adenovirus 5 (HuAd5) or modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors with or without MF59(r) adjuvanted recombinant MOMP protein.  Different regimens induced distinct immune profiles. The DNA HuAd5 MVA Protein vaccine regimen induced a cellular response with a Th1 biased serum antibody response, alongside high serum and vaginal MOMP specific antibodies. This regimen significantly enhanced clearance against intravaginal C. trachomatis serovar D infection in both BALB/c and B6C3F1 mouse strains. This enhanced clearance was shown to be CD4+ T cell dependent. Future studies will need to confirm the specificity and precise mechanisms of protection.  A C. trachomatis vaccine needs to induce a robust cellular response with broad cross serovar coverage and a heterologous prime boost regimen may be an approach to achieve this.
Microbial community dynamics in soil aggregates shape biogeochemical gas fluxes from soil profiles upscaling an aggregate biophysical model.
Venue: Global change biology

Microbial communities inhabiting soil aggregates dynamically adjust their activity and composition in response to variations in hydration and other external conditions. These rapid dynamics shape signatures of biogeochemical activity and gas fluxes emitted from soil profiles. Recent mechanistic models of microbial processes in unsaturated aggregate like pore networks revealed a highly dynamic interplay between oxic and anoxic microsites jointly shaped by hydration conditions and by aerobic and anaerobic microbial community abundance and self organization. The spatial extent of anoxic niches (hotspots) flicker in time (hot moments) and support substantial anaerobic microbial activity even in aerated soil profiles. We employed an individual based model for microbial community life in soil aggregate assemblies represented by 3D angular pore networks. Model aggregates of different sizes were subjected to variable water, carbon and oxygen contents that varied with soil depth as boundary conditions. The study integrates microbial activity within aggregates of different sizes and soil depth to obtain estimates of biogeochemical fluxes from the soil profile. The results quantify impacts of dynamic shifts in microbial community composition on CO2 and N2 O production rates in soil profiles in good agreement with experimental data. Aggregate size distribution and the shape of resource profiles in a soil determine how hydration dynamics shape denitrification and carbon utilization rates. Results from the mechanistic model for microbial activity in aggregates of different sizes were used to derive parameters for analytical representation of soil biogeochemical processes across large scales of practical interest for hydrological and climate models.
An optimization model for selecting the optimal green systems by considering the thermal comfort and energy consumption

The green systems ensured a green space, improved the thermal comfort of the residents by making the seasonal indoor temperature pleasant, and saved energy in buildings. This study aimed to develop an optimization model for the optimal green systems by considering the thermal comfort in and energy consumption of an educational facility. In addition, the optimal design scenarios were analyzed considering their economic and environmental effects. The study was conducted as follows: (i) selection of the design variables and objective function; (ii) optimization of the green systems; (iii) comparative analysis of the standard and optimal designs; and (iv) economic and environmental assessment of the optimal design scenarios. In order to compare the thermal comfort of the green systems with that of the existing building, this study used the percentage of predicted dissatisfied (PPD) which is the thermal comfort index based on Fanger's model. The implementation of the green systems improved the thermal comfort by 0.18 2.18% in terms of PPD, and reduced the energy consumption by 0.02 11.00% The economic and environmental effects of the optimal green systems also showed up to 12.62% and 18.36% reductions, respectively. Thus, the implementation of the green systems was effective in terms of thermal comfort, energy consumption, life cycle cost, and life cycle assessment. This study could help the potential green systems users establish the optimal green systems in terms of thermal comfort, energy consumption, and the economic and environmental effects.
Probabilistic Volcanic Ash Hazard Analysis (PVAHA) II: assessment of the Asia Pacific region using VAPAH
Venue: Journal of Applied Volcanology

Volcanic ash is an increasingly common, long range hazard, impacting on our globalised society. The Asia Pacific region is rapidly developing as a major contributor to the global population and economy and is home to one quarter of the world's active volcanoes. Here we present a regional scale volcanic ash hazard assessment for the Asia Pacific using a newly developed framework for Probabilistic Volcanic Ash Hazard Analysis (PVAHA) This PVAHA was undertaken using the Volcanic Ash Probabilistic Assessment of Hazard (VAPAH) algorithm. The VAPAH algorithm considered a magnitude frequency distribution of eruptions and associated volcanic ash load attenuation relationships for the Asia Pacific, and integrated across all possible events to arrive at an annual exceedance probability for sites of interest. The Asia Pacific region was divided into six sub regions (e.g. Indonesia, Philippines and Southeast Asia, Melanesia/Australia, Japan/Taiwan, New Zealand/Samoa/Tonga/Fiji and Russia/China/Mongolia/Korea) characterised by 276 source volcanoes each with individual magnitude frequency relationships. Sites for analysis within the Asia Pacific region were limited to land based locations at 1 km grid spacing, within 500 km of a volcanic source. The Indonesian sub region exhibited the greatest volcanic ash hazard in the region at the 100 year timeframe, with additional sources (in Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Kamchatka Russia and New Zealand) along plate boundaries manifesting a high degree of hazard at the 10,000 year timeframe. Disaggregation of the volcanic ash hazard for individual sites of interest provided insight into the primary causal factors for volcanic ash hazard at capital cities in Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Japan. This PVAHA indicated that volcanic ash hazard for Port Moresby was relatively low at all timeframes. In contrast to this, Jakarta, Manila and Tokyo are characterised by high degrees hazard at all timeframes. The greatest hazard was associated with Tokyo and the PVAHA was able to quantify that the large number of sources impacting on this location was the causal factor contributing to the hazard. This evidence based approach provides important insights for decision makers responsible for strategic planning and can assist with prioritising regions of interest for more detailed volcanic ash hazard modelling and local scale planning.
Population based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity
Venue: Science

"Normal" for the gut microbiota For the benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a "normal" gut microbiome, if it exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. and Zhernakova et al. targeted general populations in Belgium and the Netherlands, respectively. Gut microbiota composition correlated with a range of factors including diet, use of medication, red blood cell counts, fecal chromogranin A, and stool consistency. The data give some hints for possible biomarkers of normal gut communities. Science, this issue pp. 560 and 565 Two large scale studies in Western Europe establish environment diet microbe host interactions. Deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 1135 participants from a Dutch population based cohort shows relations between the microbiome and 126 exogenous and intrinsic host factors, including 31 intrinsic factors, 12 diseases, 19 drug groups, 4 smoking categories, and 60 dietary factors. These factors collectively explain 18.7% of the variation seen in the interindividual distance of microbial composition. We could associate 110 factors to 125 species and observed that fecal chromogranin A (CgA) a protein secreted by enteroendocrine cells, was exclusively associated with 61 microbial species whose abundance collectively accounted for 53% of microbial composition. Low CgA concentrations were seen in individuals with a more diverse microbiome. These results are an important step toward a better understanding of environment diet microbe host interactions.