nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing western US forest wildfire activity: sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Prior work shows western US forest wildfire activity increased abruptly in the mid 1980s. Large forest wildfires and areas burned in them have continued to increase over recent decades, with most of the increase in lightning ignited fires. Northern US Rockies forests dominated early increases in wildfire activity, and still contributed 50% of the increase in large fires over the last decade. However, the percentage growth in wildfire activity in Pacific northwestern and southwestern US forests has rapidly increased over the last two decades. Wildfire numbers and burned area are also increasing in non forest vegetation types. Wildfire activity appears strongly associated with warming and earlier spring snowmelt. Analysis of the drivers of forest wildfire sensitivity to changes in the timing of spring demonstrates that forests at elevations where the historical mean snow free season ranged between two and four months, with relatively high cumulative warm season actual evapotranspiration, have been most affected. Increases in large wildfires associated with earlier spring snowmelt scale exponentially with changes in moisture deficit, and moisture deficit changes can explain most of the spatial variability in forest wildfire regime response to the timing of spring. This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'
Regioselective synthesis of 1,4 oxathiane derivatives via multicomponent reaction
Venue: Monatshefte fur Chemie Chemical Monthly

A simple and efficient reaction between malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and three membered heterocyclic compounds is reported. This route turned out to be an useful and straightforward method for the regioselective and atom economical synthesis of 1,4 oxathiane and 1,4 thiazine derivatives.
Synthesis and acidity of conformationally constrained 1,3 oxathiane S oxides

Conformationally constrained 5 tert butyl 1,3 oxathiane was synthesized and oxidation led to the diastereoisomeric sulfoxides and the respective sulfone. Stereoelectronic effects are discussed for these compounds and their corresponding 2 carbanions. p K a values are calculated for these compounds and compared with the respective 1,3 dithiane derived sulfide, the sulfoxides, and the sulfone.
Climate change adaptation and food supply chain management

1 Climate Change Adaptation and Food Supply Chain Management: An Overview Ari Paloviita and Marja Jarvela Part I Food Supply Chains: Actors, Products and Relationships 2. Climate Change and Food Security: Three Case Studies on Uncertainty Pekka Jokinen, Tuija Mononen and Rauno Sairinen 3. Building Resilient Food Supply Chains for the Future Titta Tapiola and Ari Paloviita 4. Making Sense of Resilience in Barley Breeding: Converting the Concept of Response Diversity into a Tool of Reflection and Decision Making Sami Paavola, Sari Himanen, Helena Kahiluoto and Reijo Miettinen Part II Local vs. Regional Vulnerabilities and Opportunities 5. Vulnerability to Climate Change in Food Systems: Challenges in Assessment Methodologies Sirkku Juhola and Tina Simone Neset 6. Food Security During Climate Change: The Challenge of European Diversity Gianluca Brunori and Tiina Silvasti 7. Climate Change, Vulnerability and Local Adaptation Strategies of Food Enterprises in Finland Antti Puupponen 8. Carbon Footprinting The Clearest Way to Create a Climate Friendly Food Consumption and Food Chain Hanna Hartikainen, Hannele Pulkkinen, Juha Matti Katajajuuri and Pirjo Peltonen Sainio Part III Sustainable Livelihood, Community and Farm Resilience 9. Good Farmers, Good Adapters? How a Cultural Understanding of Good Farming Affects the Adaptive Capacity of Farmers? Suvi Huttunen, Hanna Mela and Mikael Hilden 10.  Resilience in Relation to Territorialization Elena Battaglini, Marija Babovic and Natalija Bogdanov 11. Balancing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation with the Socio Economic Goals of Farms in Northern Europe Heikki Lehtonen, Xing Liu and Tuomo Purola 12. Coping with Climate Change: Rural Livelihoods, Vulnerabilities and Farm Resilience Marja Jarvela and Teea Kortetmaki Part IV Climate Resilient Supply Chain Management Upstream and Downstream 13. Managing Food Systems for Resilience Helena Kahiluoto, Karoliina Rimhanen, Miia Kuisma and Hanna Makinen 14. Citizens and Sustainable Culinary Cultures Johanna Makela and Mari Niva 15. Food Waste and Related Climate Impacts in Finland Kirsi Silvennoinen, Juha Matti Katajajuuri, Hanna Hartikainen, Lotta Heikkila and Anu Reinikainen 16. Food Processing Companies, Retailers and Climate Resilient Supply Chain Management Ari Paloviita
Discovery of pyrazolopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia.
Venue: Bioorganic medicinal chemistry letters

Herein, we present the identification of a novel class of pyrazolopyrimidine phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors. Beginning with a lead molecule (1) identified through a fragment based drug discovery (FBDD) effort, lead optimization was enabled by rational design, X ray crystallography, metabolic and off target profiling, and fragment scaffold hopping. We highlight the discovery of PyP 1, a potent, highly selective, and orally bioavailable pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitor of PDE10A. PyP 1 exhibits sub nanomolar potency (PDE10A Ki=0.23nM) excellent pharmacokinetic (PK) and physicochemical properties, and a clean off target profile. It displays dose dependent efficacy in numerous pharmacodynamic (PD) assays that measure potential for anti psychotic activity and cognitive improvement. PyP 1 also has a clean preclinical profile with respect to cataleptic potential in rats, prolactin secretion, and weight gain, common adverse events associated with currently marketed therapeutics. Further, PyP 1 displays in vivo preclinical target engagement as measured by PET enzyme occupancy in concert with (11)C]MK 8193, a novel PDE10A PET tracer.
Are corridors good for tigers Panthera tigris but bad for people? An assessment of the Khata corridor in lowland Nepal
Venue: Oryx

As part of a landscape scale programme for conserving tigers Panthera tigris the Khata corridor was established between Bardia National Park in Nepal and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary in India in early 2000. We examined its functionality by comparing the status of tigers and prey in the corridor and in the adjacent National Park, using camera trapping, transect sampling and diet analysis of scats. Tiger movement was inferred from the photographs, and tiger human conflict was assessed by means of questionnaires and interviews. The corridor harboured transient individuals as well as resident, breeding tigers. Tigers with core areas in the corridor were also recorded in the two protected areas, and vice versa. Wild prey was 3 4 times more abundant in the area of the National Park bordering the corridor than in the corridor itself, and domestic livestock constituted 12 15% of the tigers' food in the corridor. Livestock losses and human fatalities or injuries were relatively low compared to within the buffer zones of the National Parks. Despite such problems and restrictions on grazing and extraction of natural resources, local residents were generally positive towards tigers and the corridor. The successful establishment of the corridor and the positive attitudes of local people were attributable to community development programmes initiated to compensate for the imposed restrictions, financed by the government and national and international organizations. By linking Bardia National Park and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary via the Khata corridor, a protected tiger landscape of c. 3,000 km2 was established in west central Nepal and northern India.
Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder

In this project we have made fly ash cement bricks with variations in its percentage of composition. The project describes the use of local fly ash in construction industry in a way to minimize the industrial waste. The aim of this project is to find that percentage of composition by weight of fly ash cement brick which will provide it better strength without much increase in the percentage of cement. We have made five types of fly ash cement bricks. In three types sand percentage is taken as 30% while percentages of fly ash and cement have being changed by 5% And in others percentage of fly ash is taken 60% with sand and cement having variation in their percentage by weight of the brick. The fly ash used is taken from the NTPC, sipat (C.G. Using fly ash gives technical and economical advantage. As Fly ash is pozzolanic in nature, it increases the strength of the brick and it is a waste material of thermal power plant so using it in making the brick reduces the cost of the brick. Sand used has larger size particles compare to fly ash, it reduce the shrinkage of brick, providing volume stability. Cement is used as the binding material to bind the sand and fly ash together. In the compressive strength test performed, the strength of TYPE3 (55% fly ash, 30% sand and 15% cement) brick was 4.405 N/mm 2 which was the highest, followed by TYPE5 (60% fly ash, 25% sand and 15% cement) brick with strength 3.926 N/mm 2 In this project all the types of brick have got percentage water absorption less than 15% which is acceptable as per IS:3495.
PENGARUH FAKTOR INTERNAL, FAKTOR EKTERNAL DAN FAKTOR PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP INTENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN ALUMNI MAHASISWA

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the entrepreneurship intention among graduates of the Faculty of Economics and Business Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. The Graduate who are willing to become respondent amounted to 58 alumni who are scattered in various regions in Indonesia. The data collected was the primary data with variable measurement tool using a questionnaire and purposive sampling technique. Based on t test analysis, internal factors that come within the graduate, external factors which were environmental factors graduate, were influenced significanly to the intention of entrepreneurship with significan level below 0.05. Only graduate education weren't influenced significantly to the intention of entrepreneurship. Value determinants of these three factors is 0.843, meaning 84.3% of research variables were able to determine the level of entrepreneurial intentions of alumni, while the remaining 15.7% is determined by variables outside the research. Otherwise good research model with significant F value is 0.000. The implications of this research are very important for the development of entrepreneurship in university programs.  Internal Factors, External Factors, Education Factor, Entrepreneurial Intention, Graduates University.
A Shortest Dependency Path Based Convolutional Neural Network for Protein Protein Relation Extraction
Venue: BioMed research international

The state of the art methods for protein protein interaction (PPI) extraction are primarily based on kernel methods, and their performances strongly depend on the handcraft features. In this paper, we tackle PPI extraction by using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and propose a shortest dependency path based CNN (sdpCNN) model. The proposed method (1) only takes the sdp and word embedding as input and (2) could avoid bias from feature selection by using CNN. We performed experiments on standard Aimed and BioInfer datasets, and the experimental results demonstrated that our approach outperformed state of the art kernel based methods. In particular, by tracking the sdpCNN model, we find that sdpCNN could extract key features automatically and it is verified that pretrained word embedding is crucial in PPI task.
Design an automatic temperature control system for smart TudungSaji using arduino microcontroller

This paper presents an innovative design of a prototype TudungSaji that involves both hardware and software development. This project is designed an effective TudungSaji is able to maintain the food warm and to protect food from pests like flies and rats. Smart TudungSaji uses an Arduino microcontroller to produce an automated function. The main parts of this project consist of chassis, 2 sensors which are temperature sensor LM35 and limit switch sensor as an inputs, the ATmega328p microcontroller and 2 bulbs as an outputs. This is to ensure the warming process operates more efficiently and effectively. The algorithm is developed and implemented with Arduino Uno. It is really practical for human, especially working woman to make their life simpler. This project helps people to keep their food warm and it is portable to bring anywhere. The performance of this project was validated with the simulation circuit using Proteus 6 Lite, and the results and findings from conducting experiments on the prototype. The bulbs are activated by the LM35 sensor detected temperature below 60oC.Then, the bulbs will automatically off when temperature reaches upper 60oC.This project uses 240V 100W bulb as a heating element. It can be improvised by replacing bulbs with thermistor coil. The thermistor coil can produce more heat energy because of the material of the coil, for example in the oven.
Security and Privacy for Mobile Social Networks

With the ever increasing demands of people's social interactions, traditional online social networking applications are being shifted to the mobile ones, enabling users' social networking and interactions anywhere anytime. Due to the portability and pervasiveness of mobile devices, such as smartphones, wearable devices and tablets, Mobile Social Network (MSN) as a promising social network platform, has become increasingly popular and brought immense benefits. In MSN, users can easily discover and chat with social friends in the vicinity even without the Internet; vehicle drivers and passengers can exchange traffic information, videos or images with other vehicles on the road; customers in a shopping mall can share sale information and recommend it to their friends. With MSNs, massive opportunities are created to facilitate people's social interactions and enlarge the inherent social circle. However, the flourish of MSNs also hinges upon fully understanding and managing the challenges, such as security threats and privacy leakage. Security and privacy concerns rise as the boom of MSN applications comes up, but few users have paid adequate attentions to protect their privacy sensitive information from disclosing. First of all, to initiate social interactions, users sometimes exchange their social interests or preferences with each other (including strangers in the vicinity) without sufficient protections. As such, some private information may be inferred from the exchanged social interests by attackers and untrusted users. Secondly, some malicious attackers might forge fake identities or false contents, such as spam and advertisements, to disrupt MSNs or mislead other users. These attackers could even collude and launch a series of security threats to MSNs. In addition, massive social network data are usually stored in untrusted cloud servers, where data confidentiality, authentication, access control and privacy are of paramount importance. Last but not least, the trade off between data availability and privacy should be taken into account when the data are stored, queried and processed for various MSN applications. Therefore, novel security and privacy techniques become essential for MSN to provide sufficient and adjustable protections. In this thesis, we focus on security and privacy for MSNs. Based on the MSN architecture and emerging applications, we first investigate security and privacy requirements for MSNs and introduce several challenging issues, i.e. spam, misbehaviors and privacy leakage. To tackle these problems, we propose efficient security and privacy preservation schemes for MSNs. Specifically, the main contributions of this thesis can be three fold. Firstly, to address the issues of spam in autonomous MSNs, we propose a personalized fine grained spam filtering scheme (PIF) which exploits social characteristics during data delivery. The PIF allows users to create personalized filters according to their social inter
Monitoring of Scour Around Bridge Piers and Abutments

Scour of the riverbeds around bridge supports is the most frequent cause of their failures. Maintenance and repair costs of the bridges damaged by scour effects are significant, but it is estimated that the social costs are five times higher than the direct repair and replacement costs. The bridge supports are subjected to the scour effects due to the erosive action of the flowing water, involving soil loosening from the bottom and the banks of the watercourse. The condition for the proper monitoring of scour is to understand its nature. The knowledge of the phenomena occurring during the high water flow in the area of the bridge supports is crucial to properly assess the current condition and to develop proper maintenance actions. Scour may be the consequence of: narrowing the watercourse a natural or man made, including construction of a bridge, lateral movement or lowering of the stream bed, hydraulic works shortening the length of the meandering section of the watercourse, changes occurring in the catchment area of the watercourse, other changes in watercourse hydrology. Construction of a bridge in the certain area disturbs natural stream flow conditions, especially the flood water and may change the terms of the normal water flow. The presence of a bridge causes the stream flow cross section reduction, which increases the speed and intensity of erosion of the streambed. River tends to stabilize its bed in order to restore the natural flow section. Bridge supports also change the laminar water flow and turbulent flow. Scour present around a bridge supports can be monitored by the mobile and fixed devices. Portable scour monitoring devices are mainly: different types of probes such as: sticks, tape or rope with weights and bars used by divers and sonar acoustic measuring devices. Stationary equipment is used for continuous or regular scour monitoring of the bridge supports of the bridge, for example once a day, once a week. They are stationary devices including various types of robotic probes and stationary hydroacoustic measurement systems. Stationary device can be installed on a support or near the bridge, usually at the head of the pillar, or in the ground near the bottom of the watercourse. It should be installed near the site of the anticipated greatest scour. The device interacts with the data logger, which can be read on the site or transmitted to a remote control unit. The article presents the principles of scour monitoring near the bridge supports, developed during the project "Monitoring system for bridge supports and their surrounding areas" co founded by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development under the program Innotech. During the project monitoring system for bridge supports was developed with specialized software for online data visualization. The article presents selected measurement results from the sonar measurements.
Risk Factors for Smoking in Rural Women: The Role of Gender Based Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence.
Venue: Journal of women's health

Women living in Ohio Appalachia experience cervical cancer at disproportionately high rates. Intimate partner and sexual gender based violence (GBV) and smoking are independent risk factors for cervical cancer and interact to heighten risk. Appalachian women smoke at higher rates than other Ohio women, but little is known about GBV exposure in the region. The purpose of this study was to establish prevalence of women's exposure to GBV in Ohio Appalachia and examine the association between GBV and smoking among women in the region.  A two phase address based random sampling approach was used in three purposefully selected Ohio Appalachian counties to identify women to complete an interviewer administered cross sectional survey (n 398) The primary exposure variable was GBV Index Score, a 4 level indices representing increasing exposure to eight abuse types. Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine smoking correlations and risk.  Almost 57% of women in the three selected Ohio Appalachian counties experienced GBV, with rate increasing to 77.5% among current smokers. The distribution of the GBV Exposure Index Score was significantly different across smoking status (p 0.0001) with exposure of GBV increasing when moving from never, to former, to current smokers. When controlling for depression, age, and adult socioeconomic position, GBV Exposure Index was significantly associated with current smoking behavior (OR:1.62, 95% CI [1.21 2.17]  Professionals working to reduce disparate disease burden among women in Ohio Appalachia should consider the role GBV plays in health behavior and behavioral change interventions, including smoking and smoking cessation.
A Random Field Formulation of Hooke's Law in All Elasticity Classes

For each of the 8 symmetry classes of elastic materials, we consider a homogeneous random field taking values in the fixed point set V$\mathsf {V} of the corresponding class, that is isotropic with respect to the natural orthogonal representation of a group lying between the isotropy group of the class and its normaliser. We find the general form of the correlation tensors of orders 1 and 2 of such a field, and the field's spectral expansion.
Explaining Hooke's Law: Definitional Practices in a CLIL Physics Classroom

This article examines how a teacher in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) program engages in various definitional practices during a plenary episode in a physics class taught in English in Finland. The episode focuses on explaining Hooke's law, which involves defining its key concepts and their relations as instructable matters. Using multimodal conversation analysis, the article shows how the teacher accomplishes definitions and definition related actions through talk and a range of embodied and material resources. The different configurations of resources are coordinated to elucidate the key concepts, to contextualize them in relation to the larger activity, and to situate them in the domain of physical laws. The teacher's actions occasion recipient responses from students that contingently shape the evolving lesson. The findings contribute to understanding how the installation of knowledge about a physical law is accomplished as the teacher's professional work in a CLIL setting. Thus, for CLIL science teacher education, the study indicates the indispensable need to attend to the artful coordination of multilingual and multimodal practices that teachers employ to define and contextualize physical phenomena.
Numerical prediction of the decline of the shale gas production rate with considering the geomechanical effects based on the two part Hooke's model

The production rate of a typical shale gas well generally has steep decline trend at the initial stage but small declines at later times. Some empirical relationships have been proposed to describe the declining production rates and thus forecast the final cumulative production of a shale gas well. However, these empirical relationships can hardly elucidate the mechanisms that cause the special shale gas production trend. In this study, a novel two part Hooke's model (TPHM) for the permeability and effective stress relationship is developed and incorporated into the hydro mechanical COMSOL solver to determine the production rate of shale gas wells against time. The TPHM conceptualizes shale rock into soft part and hard part, which comply with the natural strain based and engineering strain based Hooke's laws, respectively, and contribute differently to the decreasing permeability with increasing effective stresses. The simulation results are analyzed and compared with those for which the permeability change effect is not considered. The analysis indicates that the decrease in stress induced permeability plays a non negligible part in the decline of the production rate.