nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of bioactivity of soybean meal by solid state fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens versus Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

To evaluate the impact of fermentation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens U304 on nutritional quality and bioactivity of soybean meal (SBM) we analyzed the solid state fermentation process for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. B. amyloliquefaciens showed significant improvement in nutritional quality and bioactivity by removing the protein and carbohydrate based anti nutritional factors (ANFs) as well as allergens. The total phenolic content, reducing power, free radical scavenging ability, and Ca2+ chelating ability of SBM, as indicators of the antioxidant activity, increased to 195.8, 201.7% (at 10 mg/mL) 136.6% (at 10 mg/mL) and 122.3% respectively, after Bacillus fermentation. S. cerevisiae decomposed carbohydrate based but not protein based ANFs, and fermentation with this organism produced similar values of the antioxidant markers of unfermented soybean meal, except for the reducing power (160.0% at 10 mg/mL) Lactobacillus spp. was only effective for decreasing the activity of trypsin inhibitors, but not other ANFs, resulting in lower bioactivity of fermented soybean meal. B. amyloliquefaciens U304 can substantially improve both the nutritional quality and bioactivity of SBM.
Role of Fermentation in Improving Nutritional Quality of Soybean Meal A Review
Venue: Asian Australasian journal of animal sciences

Soybean meal (SBM) a commonly used protein source for animal feed, contains anti nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, phytate, oligosaccharides among others, which limit its utilization. Microbial fermentation using bacteria or fungi has the capability to improve nutritional value of SBM by altering the native composition. Both submerged and solid state fermentation processes can be used for this purpose. Bacterial and fungal fermentations result in degradation of various anti nutritional factors, an increase in amount of small sized peptides and improved content of both essential and non essential amino acids. However, the resulting fermented products vary in levels of nutritional components as the two species used for fermentation differ in their metabolic activities. Compared to SBM, feeding non ruminants with fermented SBM has several beneficial effects including increased average daily gain, improved growth performance, better protein digestibility, decreased immunological reactivity and undesirable morphological changes like absence of granulated pinocytotic vacuoles.
Partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate and soybean meal based protein blend for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

An 8 week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of fish meal replacement on growth performance, whole body composition, apparent digestibility coefficients and anti oxidative ability of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Five practical diets were formulated to contain graded levels (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of fish meal. Soy protein concentrate and soybean meal based protein blend was used to replace fish meal, amino acids were supplemented in the low fish meal diet to get similar amino acid profile as the high fish meal diet. Weight gain, survival, feed conversion rate (FCR) feed intake and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not show any significant differences between any of the groups. Alanine ratio in whole body were higher in shrimp fed high fish meal diets while arginine decreased with the increasing fish meal levels. The Fe content in whole body was significantly lower in shrimp fed the low fish meal diets, while the other minerals showed no difference among all the groups. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, Ca, P, Cu, Zn and Mg were equal in all the treatments, while ADC of Fe decreased with the decreasing fish meal levels. When dietary fish meal decreased, the anti oxidant related enzymes activity (Total antioxidant capacity (T AOC) and Catalase (CAT) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was unaffected by treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) contents in hemolymph significantly decreased with the decreasing fish meal levels, while Phenoloxidase (PO) was unaffected. The results indicated that growth performance and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients were not affected when fish meal was replaced from 25% to 5% but anti oxidative ability and immune response were damaged after fish meal level decreased to 15% Statement of relevance The results of this manuscript contribute to the commercial feed industry of white shrimp, it will be helpful in fish meal replacement, which is very important to the sustainable development of aquaculture.
A vision based system for post welding quality measurement and defect detection

The measurement of the welding bead and the followed evaluation of the weld quality is an important part in the industrial welding. However, the main difficulty in using visual inspection to evaluate the weld quality is the time taken and labor wasted. In order to solve these problems, an automated vision based system is presented for non destructive and online post welding quality inspection. The trouble with respect to vision based system is the robustness of image processing algorithms. This paper presents a novel image processing method that can automatically extract the weld joint profile and feature points, measure the weld bead size, and detect defects. At the same time, the three dimensional (3D) profile of the weld surface can be reconstructed with the aim of monitoring the weld quality online. The proposed algorithm is validated through experiment in industrial environment.
MBE growth of ultra thin GeSn film with high Sn content and its infrared/terahertz properties

Ultra thin GeSn films with high Sn contents were epitaxial grown on single silicon substrates with different substrate temperatures by MBE method. It is found that the GeSn film with substrate temperature lower than 450 degC still represents amorphous or partially amorphous, which might lead to a volatile optical properties or I V curve in infrared and terahertz bands. XRD measurement shows stronger GeSn single crystal peak (400) and narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) when increase the substrate temperature during the growth. Mid and far infrared (FT IR) test suggests that the transmission of the GeSn films get improved for about 46% when the substrate temperature increases from 200 to 450 degC. Terahertz transmission of the GeSn samples also improved with a maximum rising rate of 25%/50 degC as the substrate temperature increases. This study of GeSn substrate temperature during the growth demonstrates it is one of the key factors to control the structure stability of the GeSn films and their infrared and terahertz properties.
Defect free GeSn alloy strips on Si by Sn self catalyzed MBE method
Venue: 2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Group IV Photonics (GFP)

The lateral growth of GeSn strips on Si(111) has been successfully achieved by Sn self catalyzed MBE method. The effect of Sn catalysts on morphology and the quality of the materials were studied. The high quality GeSn on Si will contribute to development of Si based optoelectronics.
Effect of in situ annealing on the structural and optical properties of GeSn films grown by MBE

This paper reports the use of in situ thermal treatments to modify the properties of GeSn films and their performance in the infrared and Terahertz wave bands. The GeSn films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy under various conditions. X ray analysis indicated the presence of amorphous phases and oxides in the GeSn films when they were epitaxially grown under low substrate temperature. Raman spectroscopy showed that the GeSn characteristic peak moved toward the larger wavenumber of 3.711 cm 1, and the intensity increased by 22.2% for the annealed GeSn (3.28% Sn) film. Moreover, it was determined from the full wave reflection spectra that the direct band gap is around 0.843 eV (1.47 mm) In situ annealing accelerated the diffusion and ion substitution process of Sn atoms in the Ge lattice, which promoted the stability of the GeSn crystal cell and their optical performances in the infrared and terahertz range.
Silicon Based GeSn p i n Photodetector for SWIR Detection
Venue: IEEE Photonics Journal

We reported an investigation of GeSn based p i n photodetectors (PDs) with a Ge0.92Sn0.08 active layer grown on n type Si (100) substrate using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) The GeSn photodetector achieved a wide spectrum detection whose cutoff wavelength can reach to 2.3 mm. The PDs exhibited a high performance near 2.0 mm with a responsivity of 93 mA/W and a dark current of 171 mA under a reverse bias of 1 V at room temperature. This work represented a promising technology to develop Si based short wave infrared (SWIR) photodetectors.
Understanding Games for Teaching Reflections on Empirical Approaches Toward Game Instruction
Venue: Research quarterly for exercise and sport

Physical education (PE) must include a lot of complex phenomena, such as game ability, fitness, or self concept, which are indeed challenges for both instruction and scientific analyses. Either might become aggravated because in some countries, PE follows the idea of a physically educated person (i.e. the pedagogical aspiration to integrate qualification and personal development within PE a didactical position that requires a concurrent consideration of both aspects in teaching and researching) This issue seems to apply in particular to team sports, because students need to be qualified to take part in the game and they need responsible personal and social behavior as well as an understanding and respect for differences among people to master the endeavors of competition and association. In contrast to individual sport disciplines, a further dimension is added to individual learning or exercising: one's own and an opposing team's dimension that forms a framework for individual behavior a fact that has been considered thoroughly in training science (Hohmann Brack, 1983) but has been neglected to a certain extent within sport pedagogy. This leads to learning and teaching problems, because either individuals cannot please their needs and expectations of PE or teachers fail to consider such discontent in an adequate manner. As a consequence, instructional research must analyze game instruction to provide appropriate teaching tools for PE instructors,which in turn imposes requirements on instructional theory and its research methodology (Memmert et al. 2015) As a consequence, this lecture deals with reflections on methodological approaches toward games; thus, it focuses on several conference themes in particular, teacher development and understanding games for learning.
Examining the Thermal Comfort Characteristics of Naturally Ventilated Residential Buildings in New Zealand

In New Zealand's (NZ) mild climatic conditions most residential houses are ventilated naturally, mainly by opening windows. Previous studies have found that an overwhelming proportion of housing stock performs poorly from both a thermal and health perspective and hence there is a need to better understand this. Now, analytically evaluating the thermal comfort characteristics of residential houses subject to natural ventilation is particularly challenging, as the solution is not explicit. Determining a solution requires the heat and mass transfer assessment to be driven by complex and non linear phenomena associated with the natural ventilation driving forces of the wind and thermal buoyancy, along with other factors such as climate, building envelope and geometry as well as the occupants. As such, this work utilises dynamic simulations to examine the variation of thermal comfort, in terms of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) of a model house equivalent to a size of a typical room under NZ climatic condition and for various operating conditions. To achieve this, it examines the PMV of the room with open and shut windows positions and different airtightness values utilizing coupled thermal and airflow simulations. The results show that there is significant scope for regulating the thermal behaviour and PMV of relatively air tight natural ventilated residential houses in mild climatic conditions.
Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment as drivers for the user acceptance of interactive mobile maps

This study examines the user perception of usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment as drivers for the users' complex interaction with map on mobile devices. TAM model was used to evaluate users' intention to use and their acceptance of interactive mobile map using the above three beliefs as antecedents. Quantitative research (survey) methodology was employed and the analysis and findings showed that all the three explanatory variables used in this study, explain the variability in the user acceptance of interactive mobile map technology. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived enjoyment each have significant positive influence on user acceptance of interactive mobile maps. This study further validates the TAM model.
Supply chain knowledge management supported by a simple knowledge organization system
Venue: Electron. Commer. Res. Appl.

Supply chain management and business to business procurement present several drawbacks in terms of knowledge management. Every stage of a supply chain lacks an effective approach to integrate data workflows for knowledge acquisition. Thus, semantic technologies such as the simple knowledge organization system (SKOS) are being adapted to the requirements of the knowledge management systems of companies. The literature is focused on assets, data, and information elements of exchange among supply chain partners, even though improved integration and collaboration require more complex features of know how and knowledge. This article proposes a new software architecture named SKOSCM to offer a brokerage service for e procurement in supply chains. The approach uses ontologies and a Web based platform that improves collaboration among supply chain partners. A case study is proposed in order to validate the software architecture's development.
Examining the continuum of psychosis: Frequency and characteristics of psychotic like symptoms in relatives and non relatives of patients with schizophrenia
Venue: Schizophrenia Research

A key finding underlying the continuum of psychosis concept is the presence of psychotic like experiences (PLEs) in healthy subjects. However, it remains uncertain to what extent these experiences are related to the genetic risk for schizophrenia and how far they actually resemble attenuated forms of psychotic symptoms.  Forty nine adults with no history of mental illness in first degree relatives and 59 siblings of patients with schizophrenia were rated on the psychosis section of the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule IV (C DIS IV) and the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC) Those who rated positive on the CDIS IV were re interviewed using the lifetime version of the Present State Examination 9th edition (PSE 9) and the Structured interview for Schizotypy (SIS) RESULTS Seventeen (34.69% of the non relatives and 22 (37.29% of the relatives responded positively to one or more of the psychosis questions on the DIS. This difference was not significant. RISC scores were also similar between the groups. At follow up interview with the PSE 9, 13/40 PLEs (32.50% in the non relatives were classified as possible or probable psychotic symptoms compared to 11/46 (23.91% in the relatives. Using liberal symptom thresholds, 5 of those who attended the follow up interview (2 non relatives and 3 relatives) met SIS criteria for schizotypal personality disorder.  Rates of PLEs, however considered, do not differ substantially between relatives and non relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Only a minority of PLEs picked up by screening interviews resemble attenuated forms of psychotic symptoms.
Multi hop clock synchronization based on robust reference node selection for ship ad hoc network
Venue: Journal of Communications and Networks

Ship ad hoc network (SANET) extends the coverage of the maritime communication among ships with the reduced cost. To fulfill the growing demands of real time services, the SANET requires an efficient clock time synchronization algorithm which has not been carefully investigated under the ad hoc maritime environment. This is mainly because the conventional algorithms only suggest to decrease the beacon collision probability that diminishes the clock drift among the units. However, the SANET is a very large scale network in terms of geographic scope, e.g. with 100 km coverage. The key factor to affect the synchronization performance is the signal propagation delay, which has not being carefully considered in the existing algorithms. Therefore, it requires a robust multi hop synchronization algorithm to support the communication among hundreds of the ships under the maritime environment. The proposed algorithm has to face and overcome several challenges, i.e. physical clock, e.g. coordinated universal time (UTC) global positioning system (GPS) unavailable due to the atrocious weather, network link stability, and large propagation delay in the SANET. In this paper, we propose a logical clock synchronization algorithm with multi hop function for the SANET, namely multi hop clock synchronization for SANET (MCSS) It works in an ad hoc manner in case of no UTC/GPS being available, and the multi hop function makes sure the link stability of the network. For the proposed MCSS, the synchronization time reference nodes (STRNs) are efficiently selected by considering the propagation delay, and the beacon collision can be decreased by the combination of adaptive timing synchronization procedure (ATSP) with the proposed STRN selection procedure. Based on the simulation results, we finalize the multi hop frame structure of the SANET by considering the clock synchronization, where the physical layer parameters are contrived to meet the requirements of target applications.
Feminist Data Visualization

In this paper, we begin to outline how feminist theory may be productively applied to information visualization research and practice. Other technologyand design oriented fields such as Science and Technology Studies, Human Computer Interaction, Digital Humanities, and Geography/GIS have begun to incorporate feminist principles into their research. Feminism is not (just) about women, but rather draws our attention to questions of epistemology who is included in dominant ways of producing and communicating knowledge and whose perspectives are marginalized. We describe potential applications of feminist theory to influence the information design process as well as to shape the outputs from that process.
Using Typography to Expand the Design Space of Data Visualization

This article is a systematic exploration and expansion of the data visualization design space focusing on the role of text. A critical analysis of text usage in data visualizations reveals gaps in existing frameworks and practice. A cross disciplinary review including the fields of typography, cartography, and coding interfaces yields various typographic techniques to encode data into text, and provides scope for an expanded design space. Mapping new attributes back to well understood principles frames the expanded design space and suggests potential areas of application. From ongoing research created with our framework, we show the design, implementation, and evaluation of six new visualization techniques. Finally, a broad evaluation of a number of visualizations, including critiques from several disciplinary experts, reveals opportunities as well as areas of concern, and points towards additional research with our framework.
Use of Potassium Bromate in Baking Industry: A Perspective

Baked goods are consumed throughout the world as part of diet and in countries like India these are consumed more in the form of snacks. We can observe a significant rise in the demand for baked goods globally in recent decade. Potassium bromate is most common ingredient and an important component during process of baking. But recently this component was proven as carcinogenic compound, and that is why it is very important to review and analyze its use and delayed epidemic effects on humans. This study would certainly help, guide and promote new studies and possible alternative compound search and development in recent future.
Framing the Effects of Multinational Cultural Diversity on Virtual Team Processes

Globalization of the economy and the technological revolution has led to increased reliance on teams with geographically distributed membership, which has increased multiculturalism in the workplace. This study identifies factors that affect the processes and performance of nationally and culturally diverse teams working in a virtual environment. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify previous empirical studies in global virtual team research published from 1998 to 2014, focusing on the effects of deep diversity in the form of national culture on multinational virtual teams (MNVTs) Sixty of the 268 articles met our criteria for inclusion in this study. We concentrated on the critical factors regarding processes and outcomes in MNVTs. The resulting framework included four socioemotional and four task related challenges for team leaders to focus on. We found that dynamic interdependency among socioemotional and task process factors affects MNVT performance.
[Comparison of precision in retrieving soybean leaf area index based on multi source remote sensing data]
Venue: Ying yong sheng tai xue bao The journal of applied ecology

With the innovation of remote sensing technology, remote sensing data sources are more and more abundant. The main aim of this study was to analyze retrieval accuracy of soybean leaf area index (LAI) based on multi source remote sensing data including ground hyperspectral, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral and the Gaofen 1 (GF 1) WFV data. Ratio vegetation index (RVI) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) difference vegetation index (DVI) and triangle vegetation index (TVI) were used to establish LAI retrieval models, respectively. The models with the highest calibration accuracy were used in the validation. The capability of these three kinds of remote sensing data for LAI retrieval was assessed according to the estimation accuracy of models. The experimental results showed that the models based on the ground hyperspectral and UAV multispectral data got better estimation accuracy (R2 was more than 0.69 and RMSE was less than 0.4 at 0.01 significance level) compared with the model based on WFV data. The RVI logarithmic model based on ground hyperspectral data was little superior to the NDVI linear model based on UAV multispectral data (The difference in E(A) R2 and RMSE were 0.3% 0.04 and 0.006, respectively) The models based on WFV data got the lowest estimation accuracy with R2 less than 0.30 and RMSE more than 0.70. The effects of sensor spectral response characteristics, sensor geometric location and spatial resolution on the soybean LAI retrieval were discussed. The results demonstrated that ground hyperspectral data were advantageous but not prominent over traditional multispectral data in soybean LAI retrieval. WFV imagery with 16 m spatial resolution could not meet the requirements of crop growth monitoring at field scale. Under the condition of ensuring the high precision in retrieving soybean LAI and working efficiently, the approach to acquiring agricultural information by UAV remote sensing could yet be regarded as an optimal plan. Therefore, in the case of more and more available remote sensing information sources, agricultural UAV remote sensing could become an important information resource for guiding field scale crop management and provide more scientific and accurate information for precision agriculture research.