nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
GEO matching regions: multiple regions of interests using content based image retrieval based on relative locations
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications

Information retrieval systems are getting more attention in the era of multimedia technologies such as an image, video, audio and text files. The large numbers of images are challenges in computer systems field to store, manage data effectively and efficiently. The shape retrieval feature of different objects in the image also remains a difficult problem due to distinct angle view of different objects in a scene only; few studies have reported solution to the problem of finding relative locations of ROIs. In this paper, we proposed three methods such as1. Geolocation based image retrieval (GLBIR) 2.Unsupervised feature technique Principal component analysis (PCA) and 3.multiple region based image retrieval. The first proposed (GLBIR) method identifies geo location an image using visual attention based mechanism and its color layout descriptors. These features are extracted from geo location of query image from Flickr database. Our proposed model does not fully semantic understanding of image content, uses visual metrics for example; the proximity ,color contrast, size and nearness to image's boundaries to locate viewer's attention. We analyzed results and compared with state of art CBIR Systems and GLBIR Technique. Our second method to refine images exploiting and fusing by unsupervised feature technique using principal component analysis (PCA) The visually similar images clustering together with analyses image retrieval process and remove outliers initially retrieved image set by PCA. To evaluation our proposed approach, we used thousands of images downloaded from Flickr and CIFAR 10 databases using Flickr public API. Finally, we determinately proposed a system for image retrieval based on region. It provides a user interface for availing to designate the watershed ROI within an input image. During the retrieval of images, regions' feature vectors having codes of region homogeneous to a region of input image are utilized for comparison. Standard datasets are used for evaluation of proposed approach. The experiment demonstrates and effectiveness of the proposed method to achieve higher annotation performance increases accuracy and reduces image retrieval time. We evaluated our proposed approach on images dataset from Flickr and CIFAR 10.
Recruitment of inhibition and excitation across mouse visual cortex depends on the hierarchy of interconnecting areas
Venue: eLife

Diverse features of sensory stimuli are selectively processed in distinct brain areas. The relative recruitment of inhibitory and excitatory neurons within an area controls the gain of neurons for appropriate stimulus coding. We examined how such a balance of inhibition and excitation is differentially recruited across multiple levels of a cortical hierarchy by mapping the locations and strengths of synaptic inputs to pyramidal and parvalbumin (PV) expressing neurons in feedforward and feedback pathways interconnecting primary (V1) and two higher visual areas. While interareal excitation was stronger in PV than in pyramidal neurons in all layer 2/3 pathways, we observed a gradual scaling down of the inhibition/excitation ratio from the most feedforward to the most feedback pathway. Our results indicate that interareal gain control depends on the hierarchical position of the source and the target, the direction of information flow through the network, and the laminar location of target neurons.
User Centered Design of a COPD Remote Monitoring Application Experiences from the EU project United 4 Health

Recent health reforms in Norway have produced changes at all levels of the health sector, bringing to light a need for technology solutions explicitly designed for enhancing end user collaboration. Telemedicine technology can support in this context new services that enable communication across local borders, optimizing resources and increasing cost effectiveness. This study focuses on the user centered design, iterative development and evaluation of the user interface of a mobile application for a new telemedicine service for remote monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. The tablet device application was developed based on information gathered in a workshop and group interviews where the end users, e.g. patients and health professionals, described their preferred way of interacting with the telemedicine technology. User evaluations showed positive results on the ease of use and user satisfaction regarding the interaction with the application. Application's user interface refinements were made iteratively through several end users' evaluations, resulting in a fully developed system suitable for remote monitoring of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Furthermore, the process led to the deployment of a telemedicine system, adopted by the partners of the project United4Health as part of the 7 Framework Programme for Research of the European Union. Keywords user centered design; telemedicine; software development; usability evaluation.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of Schiff's bases and 2 azetidinones of isonocotinyl hydrazone as potential antidepressant and nootropic agents

The synthesis and pharmacological activity of N' (1Z) (substituted aromatic) methylidene] pyridine 4 carbohydrazides (3a k) and N [3 chloro 2 (substituted aromatic) 4 oxoazetidin 1 yl]pyridine 4 carboxamides (5a k) are described. Synthesis of 2 azetidinones was performed by novel methods of stirring and sonication involving the cyclocondensation of the appropriate Schiff's bases (3a k) with chloroacetyl chloride, followed by the addition of triethyl amine in the presence of molecular sieves. The compounds were investigated for their antidepressant activity, compounds N' (1Z) (2,5 dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]pyridine 4 carbohydrazide (3k) and N [3 chloro 2 (2,5 dimethoxyphenyl) 4 oxoazetidin 1 yl]pyridine 4 carboxamide (5k) with 2,5 dimethoxy substitution on the aryl ring exhibited the highest antidepressant activity. In the elevated plus maze test and passive avoidance test in mice for the evaluation of nootropic activity N' (1Z) (4 nitrophenyl)methylidene]pyridine 4 carbohydrazide (3d) and N [3 chloro 2 (4 nitrophenyl) 4 oxoazetidin 1 yl]pyridine 4 carboxamide (5d) with para nitro substitution on the aryl ring exhibited the highest activity. All synthesised Schiff's bases and azetidinone analogues exhibited antidepressant and nootropic activities in a dose dependant manner. The results confirmed the fact that the 2 azetidinone skeleton has potential as a CNS active agent and can be explored for the development of more potent and safe CNS active agents for therapeutic use.
Neural mechanisms underlying the impact of daylong cognitive work on economic decisions
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

In evolved species, resisting the temptation of immediate rewards is a critical ability for the achievement of long term goals. This self control ability was found to rely on the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) which also is involved in executive control processes such as working memory or task switching. Here we show that self control capacity can be altered in healthy humans at the time scale of a workday, by performing difficult executive control tasks. This fatigue effect manifested in choice impulsivity was linked to reduced excitability of the LPFC following its intensive utilization over the day. Our findings might have implications for designing management strategies that would prevent daylong cognitive work from biasing economic decisions. The ability to exert self control is key to social insertion and professional success. An influential literature in psychology has developed the theory that self control relies on a limited common resource, so that fatigue effects might carry over from one task to the next. However, the biological nature of the putative limited resource and the existence of carry over effects have been matters of considerable controversy. Here, we targeted the activity of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) as a common substrate for cognitive control, and we prolonged the time scale of fatigue induction by an order of magnitude. Participants performed executive control tasks known to recruit the LPFC (working memory and task switching) over more than 6 h (an approximate workday) Fatigue effects were probed regularly by measuring impulsivity in intertemporal choices, i.e. the propensity to favor immediate rewards, which has been found to increase under LPFC inhibition. Behavioral data showed that choice impulsivity increased in a group of participants who performed hard versions of executive tasks but not in control groups who performed easy versions or enjoyed some leisure time. Functional MRI data acquired at the start, middle, and end of the day confirmed that enhancement of choice impulsivity was related to a specific decrease in the activity of an LPFC region (in the left middle frontal gyrus) that was recruited by both executive and choice tasks. Our findings demonstrate a concept of focused neural fatigue that might be naturally induced in real life situations and have important repercussions on economic decisions.
RETAIN: An Interpretable Predictive Model for Healthcare using Reverse Time Attention Mechanism
Venue: NIPS

Accuracy and interpretability are two dominant features of successful predictive models. Typically, a choice must be made in favor of complex black box models such as recurrent neural networks (RNN) for accuracy versus less accurate but more interpretable traditional models such as logistic regression. This tradeoff poses challenges in medicine where both accuracy and interpretability are important. We addressed this challenge by developing the REverse Time AttentIoN model (RETAIN) for application to Electronic Health Records (EHR) data. RETAIN achieves high accuracy while remaining clinically interpretable and is based on a two level neural attention model that detects influential past visits and significant clinical variables within those visits (e.g. key diagnoses) RETAIN mimics physician practice by attending the EHR data in a reverse time order so that recent clinical visits are likely to receive higher attention. RETAIN was tested on a large health system EHR dataset with 14 million visits completed by 263K patients over an 8 year period and demonstrated predictive accuracy and computational scalability comparable to state of the art methods such as RNN, and ease of interpretability comparable to traditional models.
Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry

The concept of circular economy (CE) is to an increasing extent treated as a solution to series of challenges such as waste generation, resource scarcity and sustaining economic benefits. However the concept of circularity is not of novel as such. Specific circumstances and motivations have stimulated ideas relevant to circularity in the past through activities such as reuse, remanufacturing or recycling. Main objectives of this work are: to provide a comprehensive review of research efforts encompassing aspects of resources scarcity, waste generation and economic advantages; to explore the CE landscape in the context of these three aspects especially when they are considered simultaneously; based on an idea of a comprehensive CE framework, propose an implementation strategy using top down and bottom up approach in a concurrent manner. To fulfill this objective a comprehensive review of state of the art research is carried out to understand different ideas relevant to CE, motivation for the research and context of their recurrence. Main contributions of this paper are a comprehensive CE framework and a practical implementation strategy for a regenerative economy and natural environment. The framework emphasizes on a combined view of three main aspects i.e. environment, resources and economic benefits. It also underlines that joint support of all stakeholders is necessary in order to successfully implement the CE concept at large scale. The proposed framework and implementation strategy also identify new avenues for future research and practice in the field of CE.
Six Challenges for Ethical Conduct in Science
Venue: Sci. Eng. Ethics

The realities of human agency and decision making pose serious challenges for research ethics. This article explores six major challenges that require more attention in the ethics education of students and scientists and in the research on ethical conduct in science. The first of them is the routinization of action, which makes the detection of ethical issues difficult. The social governance of action creates ethical problems related to power. The heuristic nature of human decision making implies the risk of ethical bias. The moral disengagement mechanisms represent a human tendency to evade personal responsibility. The greatest challenge of all might be the situational variation in people's ethical behaviour. Even minor situational factors have a surprisingly strong influence on our actions. Furthermore, finally, the nature of ethics itself also causes problems: instead of clear answers, we receive a multitude of theories and intuitions that may sometimes be contradictory. All these features of action and ethics represent significant risks for ethical conduct in science. I claim that they have to be managed within the everyday practices of science and addressed explicitly in research ethics education. I analyse them and suggest some ways in which their risks can be alleviated.
Defensive routines in land use policy steering in Finnish urban regions

Land use planning practices in different municipalities and urban regions in Finland vary substantially, as do attitudes towards land ownership and land use policy. Consequently, inter municipal cooperation in strategic land use planning is often weak, despite central government efforts such as the introduction of the PARAS Act in 2007, which exhorts municipalities in the urban regions to consolidate or cooperate. However, governmental steering has been vague on most sensitive and pragmatic land use policy issues such as planning and policy tools to control dispersed development patterns leading to urban sprawl. This article examines the challenges of consistent steering of land use practices by presenting observations from follow up studies of five Finnish urban regions, all in the first stage of implementing the PARAS Act. The analysis reveals that mixed messages and defensive routines are preventing effective political debate on core issues. These defences are fostered by the vagueness of central government policy. Since these core issues have not been brought up in the legislation, they are now being tackled or ignored at the local level in an unpredictable manner.
Exploring the Relationality of Fatherhood: John Irving's The Cider House Rules

John Irving's best selling novel The Cider House Rules (1985) offers one voice in a debate that has been ongoing in the USA, as well as in Europe, at least since the second wave of the women's movement, about men's role as fathers and the links between fatherhood and masculinity. Addressing literary representations of men as fathers since parenting is gendered practice entails grappling with fictional representations of "masculinity." The Cider House Rules raises questions about fatherhood, masculinity, and power and about how these concepts gain meaning within specific familial settings. The chapter investigates how the novel constructs the two male protagonists/father figures Homer Wells and Wilbur Larch in relation to other fathers and in relation to "others," especially women/femininity/motherhood. Using Irving's fictional narrative as a basis, the chapter argues two main points: First, that fictional representations here, of fathers are useful for investigating and problematizing the idea of "gender relationality." Second, that while the relationality of masculinity functions as a given in gender studies from a constructionist standpoint, it also, once concretized, sets up certain boundaries around what can be explored, addressed, or exposed in the research.
Strong Metal Support Interactions between Gold Nanoparticles and Nonoxides.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

The strong metal support interaction (SMSI) is of great importance for supported catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. We report the first example of SMSI between Au nanoparticles (NPs) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) a nonoxide. The reversible encapsulation of Au NPs by HAP support, electron transfer, and changes in CO adsorption are identical to the classic SMSI except that the SMSI of Au/HAP occurred under oxidative condition; the opposite condition for the classical SMSI. The SMSI of Au/HAP not only enhanced the sintering resistance of Au NPs upon calcination but also improved their selectivity and reusability in liquid phase reaction. It was found that the SMSI between Au and HAP is general and could be extended to other phosphate supported Au systems such as Au/LaPO4. This new discovery may open a new way to design and develop highly stable supported Au catalysts with controllable activity and selectivity.
As good as it gets? Therapy outcomes of trainees over time.
Venue: Journal of counseling psychology

There is a paucity of empirical studies that demonstrate psychotherapy trainees improve at assisting their clients' therapy outcomes over time. We examined whether trainees (i.e. practicum, predoctoral interns, and postdoctoral fellows) improved in their clients' therapy outcomes over time. We examined 114 trainees (i.e. who were trainees for the first client in the database) and had over 12 months of client outcome data (M 45.31 months) At the start of their time in our database, about half of the participants (48.2% were predoctoral interns, 42.1% were practicum students, and 9.6% were postdoctoral fellows. Collectively, they treated 2,991 clients (M 26 clients per trainee) Clients completed the Behavioral Health Measure, which assesses general psychological functioning (i.e. well being, symptom distress, and life functioning) as a measure of therapy outcomes. Trainees demonstrated small sized growth in their clients' outcomes over time (d 0.04 per year) however, this growth was moderated by client severity. That is, trainees demonstrated growth over time in working with clients who were less distressed (d 0.13 to 0.10 over time) but there was no change over time for trainees when working with more distressed clients (d 0.67 to .65 over time) The results were consistent across trainee level (i.e. practicum, predoctoral intern, postdoctoral fellow) yet trainees varied in their patterns of growth. Psychotherapy training has a small, but positive, effect on trainees' ability to foster positive outcomes with their clients over time.
The Pain Experience of Hispanic Americans: A Critical Literature Review and Conceptual Model.
Venue: The journal of pain official journal of the American Pain Society

Although the Hispanic population is a burgeoning ethnic group in the United States, little is known about their pain related experience. To address this gap, we critically reviewed the existing literature on pain experience and management among Hispanic Americans (HAs) We focused our review on the literature on nonmalignant pain, pain behaviors, and pain treatment seeking among HAs. Pain management experiences were examined from HA patients' and health care providers' perspectives. Our literature search included variations of the term "Hispanic" with "AND pain" in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO databases. A total of 117 studies met our inclusion criteria. We organized the results into a conceptual model with separate categories for biological and/or psychological and sociocultural and/or systems level influences on HAs' pain experience, response to pain, and seeking and receiving pain care. We also included information on health care providers' experience of treating HA patients with pain. For each category, we identified future areas of research. We conclude with a discussion of limitations and clinical implications.  In this critical review of the literature we examined the pain and management experiences of the HA population. We propose a conceptual model, which highlights findings from the existing literature and future areas of research.
Many Languages, One Parser
Venue: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

We train one multilingual model for dependency parsing and use it to parse sentences in several languages. The parsing model uses (i) multilingual word clusters and embeddings; (ii) token level language information; and (iii) language specific features (fine grained POS tags) This input representation enables the parser not only to parse effectively in multiple languages, but also to generalize across languages based on linguistic universals and typological similarities, making it more effective to learn from limited annotations. Our parser's performance compares favorably to strong baselines in a range of data scenarios, including when the target language has a large treebank, a small treebank, or no treebank for training.
Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images: A Comprehensive Survey
Venue: Sensors

Human pose estimation refers to the estimation of the location of body parts and how they are connected in an image. Human pose estimation from monocular images has wide applications (e.g. image indexing) Several surveys on human pose estimation can be found in the literature, but they focus on a certain category; for example, model based approaches or human motion analysis, etc. As far as we know, an overall review of this problem domain has yet to be provided. Furthermore, recent advancements based on deep learning have brought novel algorithms for this problem. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of human pose estimation from monocular images is carried out including milestone works and recent advancements. Based on one standard pipeline for the solution of computer vision problems, this survey splits the problem into several modules: feature extraction and description, human body models, and modeling methods. Problem modeling methods are approached based on two means of categorization in this survey. One way to categorize includes top down and bottom up methods, and another way includes generative and discriminative methods. Considering the fact that one direct application of human pose estimation is to provide initialization for automatic video surveillance, there are additional sections for motion related methods in all modules: motion features, motion models, and motion based methods. Finally, the paper also collects 26 publicly available data sets for validation and provides error measurement methods that are frequently used.
A Survey on Human Pose Estimation
Venue: Intell. Autom. Soft Comput.

AbstractHuman pose estimation has attracted widespread attention due to its important application value and theoretical significance. A systemic survey of human pose estimation would be very meaningful. However, relevant studies have significantly lagged behind in this respect. To this end, we discuss the difficulties of human pose estimation and give a data driven overview of recent approaches to performing human pose estimation, including depth based approaches and traditional image based methods. While the focus of this study is on approaches using depth and RGB image data, we also discuss human pose estimation methods based on object detection and action recognition. Finally, we give some analysis advice to researchers.