nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Variability in Regularity: Mining Temporal Mobility Patterns in London, Singapore and Beijing Using Smart Card Data
Venue: PloS one

To discover regularities in human mobility is of fundamental importance to our understanding of urban dynamics, and essential to city and transport planning, urban management and policymaking. Previous research has revealed universal regularities at mainly aggregated spatio temporal scales but when we zoom into finer scales, considerable heterogeneity and diversity is observed instead. The fundamental question we address in this paper is at what scales are the regularities we detect stable, explicable, and sustainable. This paper thus proposes a basic measure of variability to assess the stability of such regularities focusing mainly on changes over a range of temporal scales. We demonstrate this by comparing regularities in the urban mobility patterns in three world cities, namely London, Singapore and Beijing using one week of smart card data. The results show that variations in regularity scale as non linear functions of the temporal resolution, which we measure over a scale from 1 minute to 24 hours thus reflecting the diurnal cycle of human mobility. A particularly dramatic increase in variability occurs up to the temporal scale of about 15 minutes in all three cities and this implies that limits exist when we look forward or backward with respect to making short term predictions. The degree of regularity varies in fact from city to city with Beijing and Singapore showing higher regularity in comparison to London across all temporal scales. A detailed discussion is provided, which relates the analysis to various characteristics of the three cities. In summary, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of regularities in patterns of transit use from variations in volumes of travellers entering subway stations, it establishes a generic analytical framework for comparative studies using urban mobility data, and it provides key points for the management of variability by policy makers intent on for making the travel experience more amenable.
A 23 dB bismuth doped optical fiber amplifier for a 1700 nm band
Venue: Scientific reports

It is now almost twenty five years since the first Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) was demonstrated. Currently, the EDFA is one of the most important elements widely used in different kinds of fiber optic communication systems. However, driven by a constantly increasing demand, the network traffic, growing exponentially over decades, will lead to the overload of these systems "capacity crunch" because the operation of the EDFA is limited to a spectral region of 1530 1610 nm. It will require a search for new technologies and, in this respect, the development of optical amplifiers for new spectral regions can be a promising approach. Most of fiber optic amplifiers are created using rare earth doped materials. As a result, wide bands in shorter (1150 1530 nm) and longer wavelength (1600 1750 nm) regions with respect to the gain band of Er doped fibers are still uncovered. Here we report on the development of a novel fiber amplifier operating in a spectral region of 1640 1770 nm pumped by commercially available laser diodes at 1550 nm. This amplifier was realized using bismuth doped high germania silicate fibers fabricated by MCVD technique.
APPLYING PBL AND ZUVIO TO ENHANCE ENGLISH LEARNING MOTIVATION

To inspire college studentsaEUR(tm) English learning motivation, this study proposed to combine Project Based Learning (PBL) with ZUVIO online teaching platform. The traditional teaching methods focus on teachersaEUR(tm) direct instruction in class, which mean that students only receive knowledge from teachers instead of formulating the answers on their own. This also decreases interaction in the classroom and prevents students from collaborating with other peers. However, implementing PBL and ZUVIO would allow students to apply knowledge in the social context and work with their classmates. In this study, two freshman English classes in a private university in central Taiwan were chosen as the sample. The students in both classes were low level students (CEF A2 level) One class (N 39) was chosen as the experimental group which had to complete the PBL tasks assigned by the teacher and use peer assessment function in ZUVIO for one academic year. The other class (N 43) was chosen as the control group which was given the traditional teaching instructions. The results showed that the experimental group performed better on the midterm exam compared to the control group during both semesters (p 0.001) Additionally, the results of the questionnaire showed that studentsaEUR(tm) motivation to learn English increased when using PBL and ZUVIO as teaching methods. To cite this document: Bor Tyng Wang, "Applying PBL and ZUVIO to enhance English learning motivation" International Journal of Cyber Society and Education, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1 16, 2016. Permanent link to this document: http:/dx.doi.org/10.7903/ijcse.1433
A Quasi Longitudinal Study on English Learning Motivation and Attitudes: The Case of South Korean Students

This quasi longitudinal study explored changes in motivation and attitudes of Korean high school English learners from 2002 to 2010. A total of 1,471 students completed the same questionnaire in 2002 (364 students) 2006 (673) and 2010 (434) Nine motivational factors were observed over the years: instrumental, extrinsic, intrinsic, cultural exchange, heuristic, international posture, selfdevelopment, competitive, and amusement motivation. Among the factors, competitive motivation was increasingly influential in the students' EFL learning, and demonstrated a significant, positive correlation in 2006 and 2010. On the other hand, despite the globalization of English, the role of international posture became less dominant for Korean high school students. The overall explanatory power of motivational/attitudinal factors for proficiency gradually decreased over the years. Based on the findings, it is suggested that English teachers help EFL learners reflect on their personal meanings of learning English instead of excessively focusing on competition with peers.
The Hominin sites and Palaeolakes Drilling Project: testing hypotheses of climate driven human evolution and dispersal at Chew Bahir, Ethiopia

There are numerous hypotheses linking climatic trends, events and variability to human origins, evolution and dispersal. Long palaeoenvironmental records from continental sites that may allow tests of these hypotheses are only now becoming available, but most are distant from fossil human sites. The Hominin Sites and Palaeolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP) aims to obtain long continuous sediment cores spanning critical intervals of evolutionary history from lacustrine sites close to globally significant hominin sites in East Africa. Together, the five sites Northern Awash and Chew Bahir, Ethiopia; West Turkana, Baringo Basin and Lake Magadi, Kenya will provide multi proxy records spanning the last 4 million years. This will allow us to correlate and compare environmental changes to the more fragmentary record of evolution, dispersal, extinction and cultural innovation. The project team will evaluate models of climatic and tectonic forcing of environmental processes and landscape resources. We will test hypotheses linking climate variability to physical and cultural evolution. The project is supported by the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) NSF (USA) DFG (Germany) and by NERC (UK) Drilling began in June 2013 in Kenya. NERC funded research focuses on the Chew Bahir site in Ethiopia, where a survey of basin sediments using 2D electrical resistivity tomography was completed in October 2013 and drilling of a 400m core is scheduled for November 2014. A team of UK Quaternary scientists will work with German and Ethiopian colleagues to produce a multi proxy record which is anticipated will cover the last c. 500,000 years. Detailed analysis will focus on identifying the nature of climate variability during the penultimate glacial interglacial transition (Termination II: c. 125 135 ka) once an outline chronology has been established. Key proxies are: high resolution geochemistry; isotopes (d13C, d18Ocarb, d18Odiatom, d18Oostracod) biomarkers (including GDGTs and compound specific leaf wax d13C and dD) pollen; diatoms; ostracods and magnetic properties. The chronological framework will be constructed using radiocarbon, Post IR IR stimulated luminescence and 40Ar 39Ar dating along with tephrochronology, which will be used to correlate between sites where possible. The record of climatic and ecological change, from Chew Bahir, along with previous data from Lake Tana, will be used as model input to test the hypothesis that periods of high climatic variability correlate with key biological and cultural transitions.
Mapping the nature of mantle domains in Western and Central Europe based on clinopyroxene and spinel chemistry: Evidence for mantle modification during an extensional cycle

Systematic differences in mineral composition of mantle peridotites are observed in ophiolites and peridotitic bodies from the Alpine Tethys, the Pyrenean domain, the Dinarides and Hellenides, and the Iberia Newfoundland rifted margins. These differences can be understood in the context of the evolution of rifted margins and allow the identification of 3 major mantle domains: an inherited domain, a refertilized domain and a depleted domain. Most clinopyroxene from the inherited domain equilibrated in the spinel peridotite field and are too enriched in Na2O and Al2O3 to be residues of syn rift melting. Clinopyroxene from the refertilized domain partially equilibrated with plagioclase and display lower Na2O and Al2O3, and elevated Cr2O3 contents. The refertilized domain is a hybrid zone, which locally preserves remnants from the inherited domain and overlapping chemical compositions. Depleted domains with clinopyroxene similar to abyssal peridotites are rare and Nd isotopic studies indicate that they represent ancient periods of melting unrelated to the opening of the Jurassic and Cretaceous oceanic basins of the Alpine Tethys and southern North Atlantic. In many studied sections of mantle rocks in exposed ophiolites a systematic spatial distribution of the different domains with respect to the evolution of rifted margins can be identified. This new approach integrates observations from exposed and drilled mantle rocks and proposes that the mantle lithosphere evolved and was modified during an extensional cycle from post orogenic collapse through several periods of rifting to seafloor spreading. The defined chemical and petrological characteristics of mantle domains based on clinopyroxene and spinel compositions are compiled on present day and paleogeographic maps of Western and Central Europe. These maps show that the observed distribution of mantle domains are linked to processes related to late post Variscan extension, rift evolution and refertilization associated to crustal/lithospheric extension, and the development of embryonic oceanic domains.
Fluorine partitioning between eclogitic garnet, clinopyroxene, and melt at upper mantle conditions

In this experimental study we obtained new mineral/melt (D F c mineral /c melt partitioning data for fluorine in a bimineralic hydrous eclogite under Earth's upper mantle conditions (4 6 GPa, 1460 1550 degC) Omphacitic clinopyroxene displays mineral/melt partition coefficients between D F 0.056 0.005 and D F 0.074 0.001. Garnet partition coefficients are consistently lower with an average partition coefficient of D F 0.016 0.003. We found that omphacitic clinopyroxene is the dominant nominally fluorine free phase in subducted oceanic crust and hence omphacite is expected to be the major fluorine carrier during subduction of crust into the deeper mantle. Together with previously obtained partitioning data we propose that the oceanic crust can host more fluorine per mass unit than the underlying depleted oceanic mantle. If the majority of entrained fluorine is recycled into Earth's transition zone it is possible that the fluorine is either incorporated into high pressure transition zone phases or released during high pressure phase transformations and forming fluorine rich small degree partial melts. Both scenarios are supported by elevated fluorine concentration in ocean island basalts, kimberlites, and lamproites. Combining the fluorine partitioning data with water partitioning data yields a plausible process to generate lamproitic magmas with a high F/H 2 O ratio. The enrichment of fluorine relative to H 2 O is triggered by multiple episodes of small degree melting that deplete the residual more in H 2 O than in fluorine, caused by the approximately three times smaller mineral melt partition coefficients of H 2 O.
Copyright and Museums in the Digital Age

Digital museums museum collections and/or online content disseminated over technology platforms are fast becoming the norm. But they raise a number of legal issues ranging from copyright to image rights and from data protection to contract law. Copyright, in particular, raises important considerations because it governs whether and how content can be used. This article explores some of the key issues facing museums involved in curating interactive online exhibitions and offers guidance on what museums can do to ensure their activities comply with copyright law.
Remote Heart Rate Sensing and Projection to Renew Traditional Board Games and Foster Social Interactions
Venue: CHI Extended Abstracts

While physiological sensors enter the mass market and reach the general public, they are still mainly employed to monitor health whether it is for medical purpose or sports. We describe an application that uses heart rate feedback as an incentive for social interactions. A traditional board game has been "augmented" through remote physiological sensing, using webcams. Projection helped to conceal the technological aspects from users. We detail how players reacted stressful situations could emerge when users are deprived from their own signals and we give directions for game designers to integrate physiological sensors.
Sensibility Analysis of the Brazilian Standards for Energy Efficiency Regarding the Variation of Internal Load Density in Office Buildings in Brazilian Bioclimatic Zones 1 and 7

The RTQ C (Technical Requirements of Quality for the Energy Performance Level of Commercial Buildings) publication classified the buildings in five efficiency levels. In RTQ C, the evaluation can be done with two methods: a prescriptive method and a simulation one. This paper aims to identify the sensibility of the prescriptive method RTQ C regarding the variation of equipment internal load density in office buildings in bioclimatic Zones 1 and 7 of the Brazilian bioclimatic zoning. The research results show that the building with walls and roof configured to meet specific prerequisites for energy efficiency Levels B and C had a lower consumption than buildings that meet the prerequisites to Level A. The study also showed that buildings with high internal load density of equipment, maximum shape factor and high, with walls and roofs with higher thermal transmittance, have lower power consumption than constructions with an envelope with greater thermal resistance. The increase in internal load density causes an increase in the internal heat generated by the large amount of equipment. In buildings with higher thermal insulation (Level A) the internal heat is maintained in the environment, causing overheating and the need for an air conditioning system.
Study on Solar Radiation Models in South Korea for Improving Office Building Energy Performance Analysis

Hourly global solar radiation in a weather file is one of the significant parameters for improving building energy performance analyses using simulation programs. However, most weather stations worldwide are not equipped with solar radiation sensors because they tend to be difficult to manage. In South Korea, only twenty two out of ninety two weather stations are equipped with sensors, and there are large areas not equipped with any sensors. Thus, solar radiation must often be calculated by reliable solar models. Hence, it is important to find a reliable model that can be applied in the wide variety of weather conditions seen in South Korea. In this study, solar radiation in the southeastern part of South Korea was calculated using three solar models: cloud cover radiation model (CRM) Zhang and Huang model (ZHM) and meteorological radiation model (MRM) These values were then compared to measured solar radiation data. After that, the calculated solar radiation data from the three solar models were used in a building energy simulation for an office building with various window characteristics conditions, in order to identify how solar radiation differences affect building energy performance. It was found that a seasonal solar model for the area should be developed to improve building energy performance analysis.
Occupant feedback in air conditioned and mixed mode office buildings in India

India has a largely cooling dominated climate where space cooling accounts for approximately 31% of the energy consumed by commercial buildings. Deeper market penetration of air conditioning systems, higher income levels driving higher comfort expectations, and growing floor space have led to a steep rise in associated carbon emissions. India needs to adopt an energy efficient regime in which governments, businesses and individuals transform the way buildings are designed, built and operated, while still maintaining high levels of occupant satisfaction. Two diverse approaches are practiced in India to achieve energy efficiency. The first relies on passive design strategies based on traditional wisdom. The second relies on high performance HVAC building conditioning systems. Most Indian climate zones offer opportunities to design and operate buildings as naturally ventilated or mixed mode. But such design practices need to be promoted on the basis of scientific studies related to occupant behavior, comfort and associated energy consumption. This paper evaluates occupant satisfaction in a mix of consciously designed air conditioned and mixed mode buildings based on online surveys, and limited physical measurements. The survey includes questions about thermal comfort, indoor air quality, air movement, acoustics and adaptive controls such as windows and fans. The paper offers an understanding about the perception and behavior of occupants in mixed mode buildings in various climate zones of India to help identify strategies to promote efficient mixed mode buildings in both India and other regions.
Development of a Mobile Application for Building Energy Prediction Using Performance Prediction Model

Recently, the Korean government has enforced disclosure of building energy performance, so that such information can help owners and prospective buyers to make suitable investment plans. Such a building energy performance policy of the government makes it mandatory for the building owners to obtain engineering audits and thereby evaluate the energy performance levels of their buildings. However, to calculate energy performance levels (i.e. asset rating methodology) a qualified expert needs to have access to at least the full project documentation and/or conduct an on site inspection of the buildings. Energy performance certification costs a lot of time and money. Moreover, the database of certified buildings is still actually quite small. A need, therefore, is increasing for a simplified and user friendly energy performance prediction tool for non specialists. Also, a database which allows building owners and users to compare best practices is required. In this regard, the current study developed a simplified performance prediction model through experimental design, energy simulations and ANOVA (analysis of variance) Furthermore, using the new prediction model, a related mobile application was also developed.
The Environmental, Democratic, and Rule of Law Implications of Harper's Environmental Assessment Legacy

The article argues that Harper's dramatic changes to federal environmental assessment give rise to a two dimensional legacy in environmental law: first, a legacy of impoverished environmental decision making that reflects a narrow, resource oriented vision of the environment, and second, a legacy of undermining democratic and rule of law values in environmental law. The crux of this latter legacy is the argument that environmental assessment law provides an essential framework for publicly justified decision making in the Canadian environmental context. Indeed, as I suggest in this article, environmental assessment presently performs a quasi constitutional role in Canadian environmental decision making in the sense that it provides the means by which the federal government fulfills its constitutional obligation to govern the environment in accordance with the rule of law.
Indian Act By Laws: A Viable Means for First Nations to (Re)Assert Control Over Local Matters Now and Not Later

Section 81 in the Indian Act, RSC 1985, c I 5, contains a broad range of subject matters over which Band Councils may pass by laws. To date, this provision has been underutilized by most First Nation governments. One of the main reasons for this relates to the fact that, for over a hundred years, the Indian Act gave the federal government the power to disallow any such by laws and Canada historically took a narrow view of the expanse of the Section 81 by law powers and exercised its disallowance power broadly. Recent amendments to the Indian Act, however, have repealed this disallowance power, giving Bands greater freedom to pass by laws. Nonetheless, the validity of such by laws will continue to be subject to review by the courts. This paper explores the modern interpretation and constitutional principles that will inform the determination of validity of such by laws and concludes that such principles mandate that the by law powers should be interpreted expansively and include First Nation jurisdiction over local matters on reserve, including the provision of essential services. The author argues that First Nations should seriously explore using the Indian Act by laws in the manner proposed, even though such bylaws have often been denigrated as only a 'delegated' and not an inherent form of self government jurisdiction. This is so because of the slow pace of self government negotiations and the urgent need for change in the manner in which key essential services are currently provided on First Nations reserves.
Increase in the quality of the prediction of a computational wildfire behavior method through the improvement of the internal metaheuristic

Wildfires cause great losses and harms every year, some of which are often irreparable. Among the different strategies and technologies available to mitigate the effects of fire, wildfire behavior prediction may be a promising strategy. This approach allows for the identification of areas at greatest risk of being burned, thereby permitting to make decisions which in turn will help to reduce losses and damages. In this work we present an Evolutionary Statistical System with Island Model, a new approach of the uncertainty reduction method Evolutionary Statistical System. The operation of ESS is based on statistical analysis, parallel computing and Parallel Evolutionary Algorithms (PEA) ESS IM empowers and broadens the search process and space by incorporating the Island Model in the metaheuristic stage (PEA) which increases the level of parallelism and, in fact, it permits to improve the quality of predictions.