nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Security behaviors of smartphone users
Venue: Inf. Comput. Secur.

This paper aims to report on the information security behaviors of smartphone users in an affluent economy of the Middle East.  A model based on prior research, synthesized from a thorough literature review, is tested using survey data from 500 smartphone users representing three major mobile operating systems.  The overall level of security behaviors is low. Regression coefficients indicate that the efficacy of security measures and the cost of adopting them are the main factors influencing smartphone security behaviors. At present, smartphone users are more worried about malware and data leakage than targeted information theft.  Threats and counter measures co evolve over time, and our findings, which describe the state of smartphone security at the current time, will need to be updated in the future.  Measures to improve security practices of smartphone users are needed urgently. The findings ind.
Evaluating smartphone based dynamic security questions for fallback authentication: a field study
Venue: Human centric Computing and Information Sciences

To address the limitations of static challenge question based fallback authentication mechanisms (e.g. easy predictability) recently, smartphone based autobiographical authentication mechanisms have been explored where challenge questions are not predetermined and are instead generated dynamically based on users' day to day activities captured by smartphones. However, as answering different types and styles of questions is likely to require different amounts of cognitive effort and affect users' performance, a thorough study is required to investigate the effect of type and style of challenge questions and answer selection mechanisms on users' recall performance and usability of such systems. Towards that, this paper explores seven different types of challenge questions where different types of questions are generated based on users' smartphone usage data. For evaluation, we conducted a field study for a period of 30 days with 24 participants who were recruited in pairs to simulate different kinds of adversaries (e.g. close friends, significant others) Our findings suggest that the question types do have a significant effect on user performance. Furthermore, to address the variations in users' accuracy across multiple sessions and question types, we investigate and present a Bayesian classifier based authentication algorithm that can authenticate legitimate users with high accuracy by leveraging individual response patterns.
Metabolic engineering of oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for limonene overproduction
Venue: Biotechnology for Biofuels

BackgroundLimonene, a monocyclic monoterpene, is known for its using as an important precursor of many flavoring, pharmaceutical, and biodiesel products. Currently, d limonene has been produced via fractionation from essential oils or as a byproduct of orange juice production, however, considering the increasing need for limonene and a certain amount of pesticides may exist in the limonene obtained from the citrus industry, some other methods should be explored to produce limonene.ResultsTo construct the limonene synthetic pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica, two genes encoding neryl diphosphate synthase 1 (NDPS1) and limonene synthase (LS) were codon optimized and heterologously expressed in Y. lipolytica. Furthermore, to maximize limonene production, several genes involved in the MVA pathway were overexpressed, either in different copies of the same gene or in combination. Finally with the optimized pyruvic acid and dodecane concentration in flask culture, a maximum limonene titer and content of 23.56 mg/L and 1.36 mg/g DCW were achieved in the final engineered strain Po1f LN 051, showing approximately 226 fold increase compared with the initial yield 0.006 mg/g DCW.ConclusionsThis is the first report on limonene biosynthesis in oleaginous yeast Y. lipolytica by heterologous expression of codon optimized tLS and tNDPS1 genes. To our knowledge, the limonene production 23.56 mg/L, is the highest limonene production level reported in yeast. In short, we demonstrate that Y. lipolytica provides a compelling platform for the overproduction of limonene derivatives, and even other monoterpenes.
"We do what we must, and call it by the best names" Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?

This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an "illegitimacy discount," atypical organizations may use deliberate names names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis even after controlling for fund performance having a deliberate name mitigated this effect.  Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an "illegitimacy discount" whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the "illegitimacy discount." Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy for instance, choosing the name "Apex Global Macro Capital" over simply "Apex Capital." Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors.
Dark Energy vs. Modified Gravity

Understanding the reason for the observed accelerated expansion of the Universe represents one of the fundamental open questions in physics. In cosmology, a classification has emerged among physical models for the acceleration, distinguishing between Dark Energy and Modified Gravity. In this review, we give a brief overview of models in both categories as well as their phenomenology and characteristic observable signatures in cosmology. We also introduce a rigorous distinction between Dark Energy and Modified Gravity based on the strong and weak equivalence principles.
Accurate halo model matter power spectra with dark energy, massive neutrinos and modified gravitational forces

We present an accurate non linear matter power spectrum prediction scheme for a variety of extensions to the standard cosmological paradigm, which uses the tuned halo model previously developed in Mead et al. We consider dark energy models that are both minimally and non minimally coupled, massive neutrinos and modified gravitational forces with chameleon and Vainshtein screening mechanisms. In all cases we compare halo model power spectra to measurements from high resolution simulations. We show that the tuned halo model method can predict the non linear matter power spectrum measured from simulations of parameterized w(a) dark energy models at the few per cent level for k 0:5hMpc 1 An updated version of our publicly available HMCODE can be found at https:/github.com/alexander mead/hmcode.
A Novel 'Dilute and Shoot' Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Screening of Antihypertensive Drugs in Urine.
Venue: Journal of analytical toxicology

Arterial hypertension is one of the most preventable causes of premature morbidity and mortality with resistant hypertension reported to be present in 5 30% of the total hypertensive population. Despite the poor prognosis, as many as 53% of those with resistant hypertension are reported to be nonadherent to their prescribed medication. An objective test of adherence, which is easy to administer, quick, inexpensive and reliable, is therefore needed to identify patients with true resistance to antihypertensive drugs to optimize their treatment. We have developed a novel LC MS MS method for the detection of 23 commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications in urine. The validated method was subsequently applied to the analysis of urine from a cohort of 49 individuals who were taking at least one antihypertensive agent in the screening profile to determine their adherence. The screening method was found to be reproducible, sensitive and specific with the limit of detection ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 ug/L. Sample preparation is rapid (30 s) and simple, with a total analysis time of 11 min. The assay successfully identified the majority of drugs our cohort had admitted to taking (88% with drugs not detected in urine, potentially indicating nonadherence to prescribed medication. The performance of this simple, robust LC MS MS procedure is suitable for screening urine for the presence of commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications. The assay, which can easily be implemented in other laboratories, has the potential to significantly improve investigation and management of resistant hypertension.
Adaptive fuzzy backstepping control for a class of MIMO switched nonlinear systems with unknown control directions
Venue: Complex.

In this article, an adaptive fuzzy output tracking control approach is proposed for a class of multiple input and multiple output uncertain switched nonlinear systems with unknown control directions and under arbitrary switchings. In the control design, fuzzy logic systems are used to identify the unknown switched nonlinear systems. A Nussbaum gain function is introduced into the control design and the unknown control direction problem is solved. Under the framework of the backstepping control design, fuzzy adaptive control and common Lyapunov function stability theory, a new adaptive fuzzy output tracking control method is developed. It is proved that the proposed control approach can guarantee that all the signals in the closed loop system are bounded and the tracking error remains an adjustable neighborhood of the origin. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Neighbourhood structure and light availability influence the variations in plant design of shrubs in two cloud forests of different successional status.
Venue: Annals of botany

Plant design refers to the construction of the plant body or its constituent parts in terms of form and function. Although neighbourhood structure is recognized as a factor that limits plant survival and species coexistence, its relative importance in plant design is not well understood. We conducted field research to analyse how the surrounding environment of neighbourhood structure and related effects on light availability are associated with changes in plant design in two understorey plants (Palicourea padifolia and Psychotria elata) within two successional stages of a cloud forest in Costa Rica.  Features of plant neighbourhood physical structure and light availability, estimated using hemispherical photographs, were used as variables that reflect the surrounding environment. Measures of plant biomechanics, allometry, branching and plant slenderness were used as functional plant attributes that reflect plant design. We propose a framework using a partial least squares path model and used it to test this association.  The multidimensional response of plant design of these species suggests that decreases in the height based factor of safety and increases in mechanical load and developmental stability are influenced by increases in maximum height of neighbours and a distance dependence interference index more than neighbourhood plant density or neighbour aggregation. Changes in plant branching and slenderness are associated positively with light availability and negatively with canopy cover.  Although it has been proposed that plant design varies according to plant density and light availability, we found that neighbour size and distance dependence interference are associated with changes in biomechanics, allometry and branching, and they must be considered as key factors that contribute to the adaptation and coexistence of these plants in this highly diverse forest community.
Determining the optimal decision time of relief allocation in response to disaster via relief demand updates
Venue: Int. J. Syst. Sci.

Relief allocation has recently attracted increased interest in research. Most studies in the literature have not focused on the trade off between demand forecast accuracy and relief allocation efficiency. Thus, we employ the Bayesian updating framework, which allows the decision maker to postpone his decision until sufficient accurate demand information is available. Different from the previous studies, we propose a novel method of relief demand updating, and devise a lost function as a function of time delay. Then, we develop a relief allocation model as an optimal stopping problem, to determine the optimal delay in response to typhoon disaster. Finally, the proposed model is applied to a case of post disaster rescue. The computational results indicate the potential advantages of the model.
The feasibility of distributed hydrogen production from renewable energy sources and the financial contribution from UK motorists on environmental grounds

Decarbonisation of the transport sector in the UK would serve to meet climate change obligations through greenhouse gas reductions, reduced pollution levels and an improvement of energy security through a reduced dependency on imported crude oil and refined fuels. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have the potential to fulfil these aims, more so when the hydrogen used to power them is produced from renewable energy sources. The electrolytic production of hydrogen at the point of sale eliminates the need for hydrogen distribution costs and promotes sustainability but the business case is dependent upon the production of hydrogen at an acceptable cost to the public. This study calculates the hydrogen production cost using varying capacity hybrid wind/solar PV systems and associated hydrogen generation, storage and dispensing technologies in supplying a scenario population exposed to average UK weather conditions. It examines if the environmental benefits are evident through the UK car owning public's willingness to pay for a cleaner transportation fuel. Whilst the respondents' concerns for the environment are strong, a high degree of sensitivity over fuel pricing remains. In spite of this, the projected demand for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles through to 2030 and the use of renewable energy tariffs shows that certain configurations of hydrogen production infrastructure are still financially viable. The possibility exists for the application of fuel taxation whilst still maintaining price parity with conventional hydrocarbon fuels.
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record 16014: Hydrogen Production Cost from Solid Oxide Electrolysis

Record 16014 Date: 2/17/16 Title: Hydrogen Production Cost from Solid Oxide Electrolysis Originators: David Peterson, Eric Miller Peer Reviewed by Industry Representatives: Annabelle Brisse, Joseph Hartvigsen, Randy Petri, and Greg Tao Approved by: Sunita Satyapal Date: 5/31/16 Item The projected cost to produce hydrogen from high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) in the nearto longer term ranges from $2.80 to $5.80/kg H2 at high volume (untaxed, excluding delivery and dispensing) The costs were projected using the Hydrogen Analysis version 3.1 (H2A v3.1) model.
Kuy e Narmak: A Resilient Heritage of Modern Housing in Tehran, Iran

Similar to many Middle Eastern countries during the 20th century, Iran underwent a unique process of modernisation. This process was accelerated in Tehran after the second World War, when the urban population density dramatically grew, due to rural urban migration, and the construction of mass housing got a prominent place in the development agenda of the Iranian government. Furthermore, for creating a modern nation that made Iran part of the civilized world, the government diffused the notion of modern living through mass housing largely carried out by a group of Western trained Iranian architects. Creating cross cultural exchanges, they played the mediator role between the International Style and the Iranian culture, and they helped the Iranian government to purse the objectives of the development plans. Accordingly, the government established a new financial organisation named Bank e Sakhtemani (Construction Bank) to fund new urban projects, and the parliament adopted a new law by which the arid lands beyond the border of cities were declared as state properties. Doing so braced the role of Bank e Sakhtemani in land use strategies, and as a result, a series of new neighbourhoods was constructed in Tehran, such as Kuy e Narmak (1951 58) Kuy e Nazi Abad (1952 54) and Tehran Pars (1958 72) Among these neighbourhoods, Narmak played a crucial role in forming modern Tehran's Identity, and the project created a strong collective identity among its residents. Situated in the North Eastern part of Tehran, Narmak was constructed on an area of 507 hectares, from which around 200 hectares was allocated to the public and collective amenities. This project aimed at accommodating 25,000 residents; however, it houses approximately 340,000 inhabitants, at present. To understand this adaptability, the spatial organisation of Narmak and its development should be studied. The urban layout of Narmak proposed a series of public outdoor spaces including a grid of linear gardens (Chaharbagh) and 110 enclosed gardens (Meydan) allocated to each respective block. In the block layout, houses were located around the edges of Meydans, and the repetition of this pattern provided the urban structure of Narmak. In this structure, Chaharbaghs and Meydans have become the permanent constituting a frame around which change could take place. Although these public spaces have remained unchanged, based on new needs, the inhabitants have had the possibilities to transfer their low rise houses to mid rise apartments, and adapt their private spaces. Therefore, by analysing Narmak's urban form and development, this paper reveals typological elements, socio cultural characteristics, and economic features that led to the survival and resilience of this modern urban form over times. Understanding the development of this model demonstrates whether the process of modernisation through affordable housing practices in a non western country such as Iran presents a sense of continuity in the structure, meaning, character and identity of place, or generates a sense of disjuncture.
Importance And Implementation Of Nursing Documentation: Review Study

This study was conducted to review the literature about nursing documentation. We presented the importance and implementation of nursing documentation. The importance of this topic has been realized here, in Jordan, and the Ministry of Health has recently started application of electronic documentation systems. Nursing documentation can be either paper based or electronic based documentation. Paper based documentation has been described not meet the required standards. We argued the standards of nursing documentation that should be met including completeness, clearing, and concision.
Social Psychology of Flow: A Situated Framework for Optimal Experience

Flow research is traditionally focused on subjective experience and well being, with less concern for the impact of these aspects on the broader social context. This chapter, introducing a situated framework of research, assigns instead a central role to flow in generating social change. We highlight how social and physical environments are continuously modeled through optimal experience and its social dissemination. Whilst some models drive their attention to flow in groups as a facilitator of performance, our approach focuses on the study of the link between flow and socio cultural experience. This link between the person and the external context regards both the intrapsychic relationship that individuals build with cultural artifacts and the influence of affective relations and participation in groups. This perspective is supported through new research data from three different areas of study.
Phonetic posteriorgrams for many to one voice conversion without parallel data training
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

This paper proposes a novel approach to voice conversion with non parallel training data. The idea is to bridge between speakers by means of Phonetic PosteriorGrams (PPGs) obtained from a speaker independent automatic speech recognition (SI ASR) system. It is assumed that these PPGs can represent articulation of speech sounds in a speaker normalized space and correspond to spoken content speaker independently. The proposed approach first obtains PPGs of target speech. Then, a Deep Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory based Recurrent Neural Network (DBLSTM) structure is used to model the relationships between the PPGs and acoustic features of the target speech. To convert arbitrary source speech, we obtain its PPGs from the same SI ASR and feed them into the trained DBLSTM for generating converted speech. Our approach has two main advantages: 1) no parallel training data is required; 2) a trained model can be applied to any other source speaker for a fixed target speaker (i.e. many to one conversion) Experiments show that our approach performs equally well or better than state of the art systems in both speech quality and speaker similarity.
Differential Privacy Preservation for Deep Auto Encoders: an Application of Human Behavior Prediction
Venue: AAAI

In recent years, deep learning has spread beyond both academia and industry with many exciting real world applications. The development of deep learning has presented obvious privacy issues. However, there has been lack of scientific study about privacy preservation in deep learning. In this paper, we concentrate on the auto encoder, a fundamental component in deep learning, and propose the deep private auto encoder (dPA) Our main idea is to enforce e differential privacy by perturbing the objective functions of the traditional deep auto encoder, rather than its results. We apply the dPA to human behavior prediction in a health social network. Theoretical analysis and thorough experimental evaluations show that the dPA is highly effective and efficient, and it significantly outperforms existing solutions.