nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report.
Venue: Chest

We update recommendations on 12 topics that were in the 9th edition of these guidelines, and address 3 new topics.  We generate strong (Grade 1) and weak (Grade 2) recommendations based on high (Grade A) moderate (Grade B) and low (Grade C) quality evidence.  VTE and no cancer, as long term anticoagulant therapy, we suggest dabigatran (Grade 2B) rivaroxaban (Grade 2B) apixaban (Grade 2B) or edoxaban (Grade 2B) over vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy, and suggest VKA therapy over low molecular weight heparin (LMWH; Grade 2C) For VTE and cancer, we suggest LMWH over VKA (Grade 2B) dabigatran (Grade 2C) rivaroxaban (Grade 2C) apixaban (Grade 2C) or edoxaban (Grade 2C) We have not changed recommendations for who should stop anticoagulation at 3 months or receive extended therapy. For VTE treated with anticoagulants, we recommend against an inferior vena cava filter (Grade 1B) For DVT, we suggest not using compression stockings routinely to prevent PTS (Grade 2B) For subsegmental pulmonary embolism and no proximal DVT, we suggest clinical surveillance over anticoagulation with a low risk of recurrent VTE (Grade 2C) and anticoagulation over clinical surveillance with a high risk (Grade 2C) We suggest thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism with hypotension (Grade 2B) and systemic therapy over catheter directed thrombolysis (Grade 2C) For recurrent VTE on a non LMWH anticoagulant, we suggest LMWH (Grade 2C) for recurrent VTE on LMWH, we suggest increasing the LMWH dose (Grade 2C) CONCLUSIONS Of 54 recommendations included in the 30 statements, 20 were strong and none was based on high quality evidence, highlighting the need for further research.
The pyramid quantized Weisfeiler Lehman graph representation
Venue: Neurocomputing

Graphs are flexible and powerful representations for non vectorial structured data. Graph kernels have been shown to enable efficient and accurate statistical learning on this important domain, but many graph kernel algorithms have high order polynomial time complexity. Efficient graph kernels rely on a discrete node labeling as a central assumption. However, many real world domains are naturally described by continuous or vector valued node labels. In this paper, we propose an efficient graph representation and comparison scheme for large graphs with continuous vector labels, the pyramid quantized Weisfeiler Lehman graph representation. Our algorithm considers statistics of subtree patterns with discrete labels based on the Weisfeiler Lehman algorithm and uses a pyramid quantization strategy to determine a logarithmic number of discrete labelings that results in a representation that guarantees a multiplicative error bound on an approximation to the optimal partial matching. As a result, we approximate a graph representation with continuous vector labels as a sequence of graphs with increasingly granular discrete labels. We evaluate our proposed algorithm on two different tasks with real datasets, on a fMRI analysis task and on the generic problem of 3D shape classification. Source code of the implementation can be downloaded from https:/web.imis.athena innovation.gr/~kgkirtzou/Projects/WLpyramid.html
Combined branch retinal vein and artery occlusion in toxoplasmosis.
Venue: Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia

A 22 year old man complained of low visual acuity and pain in his left eye for five days. His ophthalmological examination revealed 2+ anterior chamber reaction and a white, poorly defined retinal lesion at the proximal portion of the inferotemporal vascular arcade. There were retinal hemorrhages in the inferotemporal region extending to the retinal periphery. In addition, venous dilation, increased tortuosity, and ischemic retinal whitening along the inferotemporal vascular arcade were also observed. A proper systemic work up was performed, and the patient was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis. He was treated with an anti toxoplasma medication, and his condition slowly improved. Inferior macular inner and middle retinal atrophy could be observed on optical coherence tomography as a sequela of ischemic injury. To our knowledge, this is the first report of combined retinal branch vein and artery occlusion in toxoplasmosis resulting in a striking and unusual macular appearance.
A Review of Oxytocin's Effects on the Positive, Negative, and Cognitive Domains of Schizophrenia
Venue: Biological Psychiatry

Schizophrenia is a disabling, heterogeneous disorder with clinical features that can be parsed into three domains: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Current antipsychotic drugs produce fairly robust clinical benefit against positive symptoms but typically have minimal therapeutic effects on negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide that, in addition to its role as a hormone regulating peripheral reproductive relevant functions, acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. Several lines of preclinical and clinical research suggest that the OT system may play a role in regulating the expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and that targeting the central OT system may yield novel treatments to address these symptoms. In this review, we summarize the extant preclinical and clinical evidence relevant to the role of OT in schizophrenia with particular emphasis on its putative therapeutic effects on each of the three above mentioned clinical domains.
Time Taken and Time Told: Serial Drawing as the Becoming of Now

This article presents a brief report of a first person investigation through drawing, discussing how serially developed drawing can be understood to express the becoming of now the present moment in time. By employing a phenomenological approach, the notion that drawing expresses the becoming of now is treated as an assumption, meaning a hypothesis to be tested through practice and theory combined. This occurs as part of my developing research practice, where I look to 'perform philosophy in a non philosophical way' (Emoe 2014) Rather than treat art as an object for philosophy, I use philosophy to question a thought that I, as a practitioner, believe is immanent to drawing as form of art that drawing itself is a form of becoming, based on the intentionality underpinning the temporal experience of drawing. I employ a largely Husserlian (2012 [1931] approach to my research, using the methods of variational practice and 'bracketing' to actively suspend my assumptions for the duration of each test. Deploying it here means I stand back from my uncritical 'lived experience' of time to establish how phenomenological theory renders the now an aporia, or puzzle, difficult to express in conventional terms. I then use this theory to develop an alternative mode of expression through drawing, developing the now as a rhythm with a fixed temporal duration, which then 'becomes' a spatial extension through drawing serially developed lines. In my analysis, I seek the invariant understanding meaning I ask the series what it expresses beyond the individual variation each drawing presents. I emerge from this process better able to articulate how drawing operates, but also with some reservations, leading towards some suggestions for potential development of the research.
Diabetic Foot Infection in Morocco: Microbiological Profile.
Venue: Wounds a compendium of clinical research and practice

The objective of this work is to describe the microbiology of diabetic foot infections (DFIs)  The authors included all samples of infected diabetic foot ulcers between January 2009 and June 2014 at the Mohammed Vth Military Teaching Hospital of Rabat, Morocco.  The researchers collected 199 samples corresponding to 157 patients. The mean age of the patients was 59 years 12 years. Of the collected samples, deep samples represented 41% and swab samples 59% Direct examination indicated anaerobic infection in 32% of the cases. There were 307 bacteria isolates from both deep and swab samples. There was no statistically significant association between the sampling method and isolate species (P 0.237) Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp, nonfermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) and Enterococcus sp represented 31.8% 12.6 12.3% 11.7% and 8.7% of the isolates, respectively. Methicillin resistant S. aureus represented 4.7% of S. aureus isolates. Enterobacteriaceae and NFGNB producing extended spectrum b lactamases represented 14.1% and 5.1% respectively, with isolates producing carabapenemase representing 3.8% and 38.5% Piperacillin tazobactam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin resistance concerned 7.5% 4.7% and 25.5% respectively, of isolated Enterobacteriaceae, and 35.9% 30.7% and 35.9% of NFGNB. Low susceptibility to b lactams was found in 4.9% of Streptococcus sp isolates and 4.9% of Streptococcus sp isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin.  Gram negative bacilli are responsible for 43% of DFIs, and multidrug resistant GNB is a challenging issue in DFI management. The sampling method doesn't seem to impact the bacteriological profile; however, this finding must be confirmed with further study.
Genes encoding adhesion factors and biofilm formation in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Morocco.
Venue: Journal of infection in developing countries

Infections involving methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remain a serious threat to hospitalized patients worldwide. MRSA is characterized by recalcitrance to antimicrobial therapy, which is a function not only of widespread antimicrobial resistance, but also the capacity to form biofilms. The present study evaluated the presence of genes encoding adhesion factors and the biofilm forming capacity in MRSA.  In this study, 53 isolates of MRSA, recovered from December 2010 to May 2014 in a mother and child hospital, CHU Mohamed VI in Marrakech, Morocco, were screened for the presence of bap and ica genes associated with biofilm formation, and for bbp, cna, ebpS, eno, fib, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, and clfB genes that encode microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) The biofilm formation assay was performed in 96 well microtiter polystyrene plates. The presence of genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)  An association was found between icaD gene detection and biofilm formation; 100% of the strains harbored icaD and produced biofilm. None of the isolates harbored bap or bbp. Furthermore, 96.23% isolates were positive for fnbA, 60.37% for eno, 43.39% for clfA and clfB, 11.32% for cna, 9.34% for ebpS, 5.66% for fib, and 1.89% for fnbA.  Our findings showed that the MRSA carriage in Marrakech children was high. The genetic variations of adhesion genes require further investigation.
Encouraging intrinsic motivation in the clinical setting: teachers' perspectives from the self determination theory.
Venue: European journal of dental education official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe

Self determination theory postulates that the three basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness have to be satisfied for students to achieve intrinsic motivation and internalisation of autonomous self regulation towards academic activities. Consequently, the influence of the clinical teaching environment becomes crucial when satisfying these needs, particularly when promoting or diminishing students' intrinsic motivation. The aim of this study was to describe and understand how clinical teachers encourage intrinsic motivation in undergraduate dental students based on the three basic psychological needs described by the self determination theory.  A qualitative case study approach was adopted, and data were collected through semistructured interviews with nine experienced undergraduate clinical teachers of one dental school in Santiago, Chile. Interview transcripts were analysed by two independent reviewers using a general inductive approach.  Several themes emerged outlining teaching strategies and behaviours. These themes included the control of external motivators; gradual transference of responsibility; identification and encouragement of personal interests; timely and constructive feedback; delivery of a vicarious learning experience; teamwork, team discussion, and presence of a safe environment, amongst others. Overall, teachers stressed the relevance of empowering, supporting and building a horizontal relationship with students.  Our findings regarding dental education expand on the research outcomes from other health professions about how teachers may support students to internalise behaviours. An autonomy supportive environment may lead students to value and engage in academic activities and eventually foster the use of an autonomy supportive style to motivate their patients.
Transaction Verification Model for Peer to Peer Service Oriented Digital Currency Transactions Based on the Foundation of Blockchain Architecture

Digital payment systems are an evolving field in present day with the recent enhancements in seamless digital currencies. Thus, despite the benefits of cryptocurrency based digital payments systems, their adoption and diffusion within general payment platform domain are significantly hindered. Blockchain architecture is widely recognized as a promising mechanism to support the management of cryptocurrency related transactions. However, ensuring the security of digital payment transactions is a challenging task due to various security threats and existing prevention mechanisms that are either computationally expensive or domain dependent. Among many, the Man in the Middle attack and Double Spending are identified as key security vulnerabilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate the means of addressing the said security issues by proposing a feasible transaction verification methodology; targeting a common payment platform that integrates different vendor based digital currencies together. The currency miners and the user applications are identified as the core components that cooperate with transactions. Accordingly, a scenario based transaction verification model is designed by considering transaction patterns among miners and user applications. The bitcoin similar concept of 'trust network' is adopted in verifying transactions via building a trusted network among currency miners in the payment platform using digital signatures along with SHA 256 hashing and RSA algorithm. In strengthening the verification level, an approach of acknowledgements is defined associated with a minimum required level of probability. Furthermore, a time constraint is set depending on the peer to peer network conditions for a particular transaction to get completed with proper verification. It is explored the strength and feasibility of the proposed methodology in the perspective of transaction verification over man in the middle attack using a probabilistic evaluation where the possibility of a transaction getting verified decreases proportionally when the trusted network of miners getting unhealthy. Also, the double spending prevention is evaluated using the implementation of a mobile based digital wallet as the proof of concept.
Constructing and communicating an ethical consumer identity: A Social Identity Approach

In recent years the adoption of ethical criteria when making consumer decisions has gained increasing popularity and has been studied as a way of moving towards a more sustainable consumption production paradigm. Much research has focused on what motivates people to engage in ethical consumer behaviours considered as the expression of an ethical self. However, there is a limited understanding of the construction and communication of these ethical selves. By focusing on how members of Spanish "Responsible Consumption Cooperatives" construct and communicate their ethical identities, this study sheds light on the underlying social psychological processes of ethical consumer behaviour from a Social Identity Approach. Findings from the multi method qualitative study reveal how consumers negotiate their perceptions of ethics and respective behaviours through the construction and identification of in groups and out groups and communicate their shared social identity through different consumption practices, such as the deliberate avoidance of brands/symbols that embody the values of the consumerist society.
Evaluation of an Organisational Intervention to Promote Integrated Working between Health Services and Care Homes in the Delivery of End of Life Care for People with Dementia: Understanding the Change Process Using a Social Identity Approach
Venue: International journal of integrated care

In the United Kingdom, approximately a third of people with dementia live in long term care facilities for adults, the majority of whom are in the last years of life. Working arrangements between health services and care homes in England are largely ad hoc and often inequitable, yet quality end of life care for people with dementia in these settings requires a partnership approach to care that builds on existing practice. This paper reports on the qualitative component of a mixed method study aimed at evaluating an organisational intervention shaped by Appreciative Inquiry to promote integrated working between visiting health care practitioners (i.e. General Practitioners and District Nurses) and care home staff. The evaluation uses a social identity approach to elucidate the mechanisms of action that underlie the intervention, and understand how organisational change can be achieved. We uncovered evidence of both (i) identity mobilisation and (ii) context change, defined in theory as mechanisms to overcome divisions in healthcare. Specifically, the intervention supported integrated working across health and social care settings by (i) the development of a common group identity built on shared views and goals, but also recognition of knowledge and expertise specific to each service group which served common goals in the delivery of end of life care, and (ii) development of context specific practice innovations and the introduction of existing end of life care tools and frameworks, which could consequently be implemented as part of a meaningful bottom up rather than top down process. Interventions structured around a Social Identity Approach can be used to gauge the congruence of values and goals between service groups without which efforts to achieve greater integration between different health services may prove ineffectual. The strength of the approach is its ability to accommodate the diversity of service groups involved in a given area of care, by valuing their respective contributions and building on existing ways of working within which practice changes can be meaningfully integrated.
KAJIAN ADAPTASI BEBERAPA VARIETAS UNGGUL JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA (MBD)

Adaptation study of hybrid maize varieties and improved varieties do subdistrict Wonreli Southwest Maluku district from September to December 2012. Study using a randomized block design repeated 3 times and farmers as replicates. Varieties tested is the Bima 3, Bima 4, Bima 5, Srikandi kuning, Lamuru, Lagaligo and Lokal MBD as a comparison. Fertilization is done drill, a distance of 5 7 cm from the plant, fertilizer dose of 300 kg urea, 200 kg SP 36, 100 kg of KCl and 1 2 t.ha 1manure. Urea fertilizer done twice, is 100 kg urea and entire SP36 and KCl at the age of 7 10 plants hst and residual urea 200 kg administered at 30 dap. Parameters observed plant height at harvest, High cob, cob diameter, cob length, number of rows/cob, number of grains row, weight of 1000 seeds and Yield per hectare. The results of the study showed that of the varieties tested turned out varieties Bima 5 higher result of (6.7 t.ha 1) and the lowest result is Lokas MBD 5.7 t.ha 1)
Game Theory Based Active Defense for Intrusion Detection in Cyber Physical Embedded Systems
Venue: ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst.

Cyber Physical Embedded Systems (CPESs) are distributed embedded systems integrated with various actuators and sensors. When it comes to the issue of CPES security, the most significant problem is the security of Embedded Sensor Networks (ESNs) With the continuous growth of ESNs, the security of transferring data from sensors to their destinations has become an important research area. Due to the limitations in power, storage, and processing capabilities, existing security mechanisms for wired or wireless networks cannot apply directly to ESNs. Meanwhile, ESNs are likely to be attacked by different kinds of attacks in industrial scenarios. Therefore, there is a need to develop new techniques or modify the current security mechanisms to overcome these problems. In this article, we focus on Intrusion Detection (ID) techniques and propose a new attack defense game model to detect malicious nodes using a repeated game approach. As a direct consequence of the game model, attackers and defenders make different strategies to achieve optimal payoffs. Importantly, error detection and missing detection are taken into consideration in Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) where a game tree model is introduced to solve this problem. In addition, we analyze and prove the existence of pure Nash equilibrium and mixed Nash equilibrium. Simulations show that the proposed model can both reduce energy consumption by up to 50% compared with the existing All Monitor (AM) model and improve the detection rate by up to 10% to 15% compared with the existing Cluster Head (CH) monitor model.
Integrating Cyber D&D into Adversary Modeling for Active Cyber Defense
Venue: Cyber Deception

This chapter outlines a concept for integrating cyber denial and deception (cyber D&D) tools, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTTPs) into an adversary modeling system to support active cyber defenses (ACD) for critical enterprise networks. We describe a vision for cyber D&D and outline a general concept of operation for the use of D&D TTTPs in ACD. We define the key elements necessary for integrating cyber D&D into an adversary modeling system. One such recently developed system, the Adversarial Tactics, Techniques and Common Knowledge (ATT&CK(tm) Adversary Model is being enhanced by adding cyber D&D TTTPs that defenders might use to detect and mitigate attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) We describe general D&D types and tactics, and relate these to a relatively new concept, the cyber deception chain. We describe how defenders might build and tailor a cyber deception chain to mitigate an attacker's actions within the cyber attack lifecycle. While we stress that this chapter describes a concept and not an operational system, we are currently engineering components of this concept for ACD and enabling defenders to apply such a system.
The Importance of Internet of Things Security for Smart Cities

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an extensive overview of security related problems in the context of smart cities. The impressive heterogeneity, ubiquity, miniaturization, autonomous and unpredictable behaviour of objects interconnected in Internet of Things, the real data deluges generated by them and, on the other side, the new hacking methods based on sensors and short range communication technologies transform smart cities in complex environments in which the already existing security analyses are not useful anymore. Specific security vulnerabilities, threats and solutions are approached from different areas of the smart cities' infrastructure. As urban management should pay close attention to security and privacy protection, network protocols, identity management, standardization, trusted architecture, etc. this chapter will serve them as a start point for better decisions in security design and management.