nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Robust Non Negative Matrix Factorization for Large Scale Human Action Data Clustering
Venue: IJCAI

Human action recognition is important in improving human life in various aspects. However, the outliers and noise in data often bother the clustering tasks. Therefore, there is a great need for the robust data clustering techniques. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) and Nonnegative Matrix Tri Factorization (NMTF) methods have been widely researched these years and applied to many data clustering applications. With the presence of outliers, most previous NMF/NMTF models fail to achieve the optimal clustering performance. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose three new NMF and NMTF models which are robust to outliers. Efficient algorithms are derived, which converge much faster than previous NMF methods and as fast as K means algorithm, and scalable to large scale data sets. Experimental results on both synthetic and real world data sets show that our methods outperform other NMF and NMTF methods in most cases, and in the meanwhile, take much less computational time.
Comparison of the efficacy of a conventional primer and a self etching primer.
Venue: International orthodontics

In orthodontic practice, the bonding protocol makes use of a primer between the bracket and the enamel surface to create a reliable bond. In order to optimize the technique and reduce bonding time, a new group of primers has been introduced in orthodontics: the self etching primers (SEP) The aim of this work was to compare their efficacy with that of a traditional primer.  This study is a single center, single blind, clinical trial using the SEP system on teeth 14 and 25 and the Ortho Solo((r) system (traditional hydrophilic primer) on teeth 24 and 15 in the same patient. The study population was composed of 100 patients treated in a private orthodontic office in Casablanca. Recruitment for this sample included all patients treated orthodontically without extractions, possessing teeth that were considered healthy, with no occlusal interferences; on the other hand, all patients with mental or physical disabilities, those aged under 14 and those with poor orodental hygiene were excluded from the study. The Kaplan Meier test was used to compare results.  The bond failure rates for the two groups were 7.5% in the SEP group and 9% in the Ortho Solo((r) group. The difference between these two adhesive systems was not statistically significant (P=0.34) Concerning the type of bond failure, the comparison again shows no statistically significant difference (P=0.44) In both systems, cohesive failures concerned only 2% of all the brackets bonded.  The clinical trial was performed with a crossover design to avoid bias due to chewing patterns, a factor that is responsible for most of the failures noted in the study. The results of the studies by Miller and Buyukyilmaz, and some others, are in agreement with our results. However other in vivo and in vitro studies contradict our results, showing higher bond failure rates with the self etching system.  SEP is as effective as a traditional hydrophilic adhesive and, in addition, possesses advantages in terms of ergonomics and chair time. The literature confirms the data of this clinical trial and recommends the use of SEP; the only remaining limitation is its high cost.
Do Coalition Loyalty Programs Really Work? Analyzing the Effect of Coalition Loyalty Program

This study is the continuation of earlier studies of analyzing the effectiveness of coalition loyalty programs for partner companies. This study includes an analysis of some effects of the Malina Coalition Program.  Popular lift and shift efficiency criteria have been chosen for the analysis. Statistical studies of turnout indexes, associated with various consumer categories, new consumers, prices, etc. were conducted. The following hypothesis of this study was developed: great share of effects achieved by the partner company, which is participated in the loyalty program could not be referred only to the shift and lift effects  According to our analysis, the effectiveness of coalition loyalty programs could be one of the question for some companies to make a decision to participate in such programs. While applying well known methods for efficiency analysis and evaluation, lack of criterial validity record refers expansion of product's consumption, generated by new customers, participating in the program; and increase the buying activity of the existing customers, participating in the program, to the coalition loyalty program, which has been shown in the study.  Additional effects of participation in coalition loyalty programs are neglected due to the limitations of popular methods for effectiveness evaluation, like lift and shift effects. Research had shown that impact of these and other factors should be taken into account in combination for every case for coalition loyalty program partners and for the operator of the program.
Mesoporous Silica Particles Integrated with All Inorganic CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Nanocomposites (MP PQDs) with High Stability and Wide Color Gamut Used for Backlight Display.
Venue: Angewandte Chemie

All inorganic CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been investigated because of their optical properties, such as tunable wavelength, narrow band, and high quantum efficiency. These features have been used in light emitting diode (LED) devices. LED on chip fabrication uses mixed green and red quantum dots with silicone gel. However, the ion exchange effect widens the narrow emission spectrum. Quantum dots cannot be mixed because of anion exchange. We address this issue with a mesoporous PQD nanocomposite that can prevent ion exchange and increase stability. We mixed green quantum dot containing mesoporous silica nanocomposites with red PQDs, which can prevent the anion exchange effect and increase thermal and photo stability. We applied the new PQD based LEDs for backlight displays. We also used PQDs in an on chip LED device. Our white LED device for backlight display passed through a color filter with an NTSC value of 113 and Rec. 2020 of 85
Well Dispersed ZIF Derived Co,N Co doped Carbon Nanoframes through Mesoporous Silica Protected Calcination as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts.
Venue: Advanced materials

A well dispersed Co,N co doped carbon nanoframework (Co,N CNF) with hierarchically porous structure is successfully synthesized from zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursors via a mesoporous silica protected calcination strategy. By preventing the irreversible fusion and aggregation during the high temperature pyrolysis step with this protection strategy, the Co,N CNF exhibits comparable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity to that of commercial Pt catalysts with the same loading.
Ring polymer molecular dynamics fast computation of rate coefficients on accurate potential energy surfaces in local configuration space: Application to the abstraction of hydrogen from methane.
Venue: The Journal of chemical physics

To fast and accurately compute rate coefficients of the H/D CH4 H2/HD CH3reactions, we propose a segmented strategy for fitting suitable potential energy surface (PES) on which ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) simulations are performed. On the basis of recently developed permutation invariant polynomial neural network approach
Adaptive Neural Impedance Control of a Robotic Manipulator With Input Saturation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems

In this paper, adaptive impedance control is developed for an n link robotic manipulator with input saturation by employing neural networks. Both uncertainties and input saturation are considered in the tracking control design. In order to approximate the system uncertainties, we introduce a radial basis function neural network controller, and the input saturation is handled by designing an auxiliary system. By using Lyapunov's method, we design adaptive neural impedance controllers. Both state and output feedbacks are constructed. To verify the proposed control, extensive simulations are conducted.
Biomaterials approaches to treating implant associated osteomyelitis.
Venue: Biomaterials

Orthopaedic devices are the most common surgical devices associated with implant related infections and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the most common causative pathogen in chronic bone infections (osteomyelitis) Treatment of these chronic bone infections often involves combinations of antibiotics given systemically and locally to the affected site via a biomaterial spacer. The gold standard biomaterial for local antibiotic delivery against osteomyelitis, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, bears many limitations. Such shortcomings include limited antibiotic release, incompatibility with many antimicrobial agents, and the need for follow up surgeries to remove the non biodegradable cement before surgical reconstruction of the lost bone. Therefore, extensive research pursuits are targeting alternative, biodegradable materials to replace PMMA in osteomyelitis applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the primary clinical treatment strategies and emerging biodegradable materials that may be employed for management of implant related osteomyelitis. We performed a systematic review of experimental biomaterials systems that have been evaluated for treating established S. aureus osteomyelitis in an animal model. Many experimental biomaterials were not decisively more efficacious for infection management than PMMA when delivering the same antibiotic. However, alternative biomaterials have reduced the number of follow up surgeries, enhanced the antimicrobial efficacy by delivering agents that are incompatible with PMMA, and regenerated bone in an infected defect. Understanding the advantages, limitations, and potential for clinical translation of each biomaterial, along with the conditions under which it was evaluated (e.g. animal model) is critical for surgeons and researchers to navigate the plethora of options for local antibiotic delivery.
Foreign Language Anxiety and Learner Beliefs in Second Language Learning: A Research Timeline

Research in second language learning has significantly demonstrated that foreign language anxiety and learner beliefs have been the main domain of inquiry in applied linguistics. Such interest has seen upsurge in studies on L2 anxiety and learner beliefs. This study tends to review language anxiety and learner beliefs in language learning. The review shows moderate and high levels of language anxiety in studies including negative correlation between anxiety and achievement. In addition, it also reveals that learner beliefs have played a role in increasing language anxiety. Moreover, research studies on FLA (foreign language anxiety) and LB (learner beliefs) describe a whole scenario of the exiting literature. The study also critiques some pedagogical strategies suggested in research and how far these are applicable in decreasing language anxiety and avoiding incorrect beliefs about language learning. Further, the research review suggests that different approaches are used to quantify language anxiety and to describe beliefs in language learning. Since, the prime purpose of the study is to review the approaches and their validity and reliability in describing language anxiety and beliefs. The study synthesizes foreign language anxiety and learner beliefs studies and offers some recommendations in order to complement and supplement the existing literature.
Diagnostic radiology dosimetry: Status and trends.
Venue: Applied radiation and isotopes including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine

Since 1970s the expression of protection standards shifted from a dose to a risk based approach, with dose limits established to yield risks to medical radiation workers. Worldwide interest in patient dose measurement was stimulated by the publication of Patient Dose Reduction in Diagnostic Radiology by the UK National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) This has resulted in the development of new dosimetric measuring instruments, techniques and terminologies which present challenges to those working in the clinic al environment and those supporting them in calibration facilities. In this sense, thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) has been actively developed in the past last 3 decades thanks to their successful applications in diagnostic radiology. The present work analyzes current status and future trends of diagnostic radiology dosimetry using thermoluminescence phenomena.
Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant and SOFC as a natural gas reformer: An exergy analysis of different system designs

Delft University of Technology, under its "Green Village" programme, has an initiative to build a power plant (car parking lot) based on the fuel cells used in vehicles for motive power. It is a trigeneration system capable of producing electricity, heat, and hydrogen. It comprises three main zones: a hydrogen production zone, a parking zone, and a pump station zone. This study focuses mainly on the hydrogen production zone which assesses four different system designs in two different operation modes of the facility: Car as Power Plant (CaPP) mode, corresponding to the open period of the facility which uses fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) as energy and water producers while parked; and Pump mode, corresponding to the closed period which compresses the hydrogen and pumps to the vehicle's fuel tank. These system designs differ by the reforming technology: the existing catalytic reformer (CR) and a solid oxide fuel cell operating as reformer (SOFCR) and the option of integrating a carbon capture and storage (CCS) Results reveal that the SOFCR unit significantly reduces the exergy destruction resulting in an improvement of efficiency over 20% in SOFCR based system designs compared to CR based system designs in both operation modes. It also mitigates the reduction in system efficiency by integration of a CCS unit, achieving a value of 2% whereas, in CR based systems, is 7 8% The SOFCR based system running in Pump mode achieves a trigeneration efficiency of 60%
The Influence of Victim Vulnerability and Gender on Police Officers' Assessment of Intimate Partner Violence Risk
Venue: Journal of Family Violence

This study investigated the influence of victim vulnerability factors and gender on risk assessment for intimate partner violence (IPV) 867 cases of male and female perpetrated IPV investigated by Swedish police officers using the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B SAFER) were examined. For male to female IPV, victim vulnerability factors were associated with summary risk judgments and risk management recommendations. For female to male IPV, vulnerability factors were more often omitted, and consistent associations were not found between vulnerability factors, summary risk judgments, and risk management. Results indicate that B SAFER victim vulnerability factors can assist in assessing male to female IPV risk. Further research is necessary to examine the use of B SAFER victim vulnerability factors for female to male IPV, as results showed victim vulnerability factors to be less relevant to officers' decision making, particularly their management recommendations. However, several variables external to the B SAFER, such as the availability of management strategies may account for these findings.
Xanthane sesquiterpenoids from the roots and flowers of Xanthium cavanillesii
Venue: Natural product research

The sesquiterpene lactones xanthanodiene, 4 epi xanthanol, 4 epi isoxanthanol, and 4 epi xanthinin, as well as the xanthanolide derivative 4 oxo bedfordia acid were isolated from the chloroform extracts of roots and flowers of Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw. The identities of these compounds were corroborated through comparison of their spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and 1H and 13C NMR assignments, with literature reports. In addition, the structural characterization of 4 oxo bedfordia acid was revisited and a comprehensive spectroscopic study of the compound is presented. This is to our knowledge the first phytochemical investigation of the roots of X. cavanillesii, and of flowers in the whole Xanthium genus.
CrowdNet: A Deep Convolutional Network for Dense Crowd Counting
Venue: ACM Multimedia

Our work proposes a novel deep learning framework for estimating crowd density from static images of highly dense crowds. We use a combination of deep and shallow, fully convolutional networks to predict the density map for a given crowd image. Such a combination is used for effectively capturing both the high level semantic information (face/body detectors) and the low level features (blob detectors) that are necessary for crowd counting under large scale variations. As most crowd datasets have limited training samples <100 images) and deep learning based approaches require large amounts of training data, we perform multi scale data augmentation. Augmenting the training samples in such a manner helps in guiding the CNN to learn scale invariant representations. Our method is tested on the challenging UCF_CC_50 dataset, and shown to outperform the state of the art methods.
Home government influence on Russian MNEs: balancing control against interest

The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of how the government influences the internationalization of emerging MNEs and, more specifically, answer the questions how and to what extent does the combination of the home country government's control and interest influence Russian MNEs.  First, the author examined sector specific factors and institutional forces that affect the development of the Russian economy's industries. Second, the author has classified the sectors included in this study into four groups according to the following two main criteria: the interest of the government in the development of the sector, and the degree of state control for the firms in the sector. Third, the author has analyzed the forms and types of the government participation in firms' internationalization in defined groups based on the observation of industries' legislative acts and state decrees and orders. After that, the author has verified the existence of certain similarities of strategies under the governmental influence, and finally discussed the extent of the control and interest implied by the government toward these firms.  After analyzing the patterns of the state involvement in firms' internationalization in various groups the author found that some of the groups are characterized by similar types of government role and their responses are, also, sometimes similar. The author presents a more detailed look at the above results in Table III, and explain the two sided role of the government in different groups of firms.  While the literature emphasizes that institutional forces shape the internationalization of emerging multinational enterprises, they have not been comprehensively linked to explaining the contradictory role of the government in this process. The author addresses this gap by examining an integrated influence that home government factors (namely, control and interest) exert in enabling firms to compete abroad. In addition, the author contributes to the knowledge about the behavior of Russian firms, which is one of the less researched areas in the field of international management.  The paper also has value for companies' strategists as it provides them with understanding of the complexity of government related determinants influencing the internationalization process of their firms and the types of firms' abilities to be developed or supported. It also provides a practical tool for modeling their international strategy formation and accounting for different types of state influences on internationalization of EM firms.  This paper highlights the government related aspects of the internationalization of Russian MNEs. Even when they go abroad with strong product capabilities and a proactive managerial style, they still benefit from home country institutional resources. The author sees the strength of the empirical findings in further extension of the understanding of origins, consequences and prospects of internationalization of emerging market firms with the home government involvement.
Analysis of the fine structure of Sn11+ Sn14+ ions by optical spectroscopy in an electron beam ion trap

We experimentally re evaluate the fine structure of Sn11+ Sn14+ ions. These ions are essential in bright extreme ultraviolet (EUV) plasma light sources for next generation nanolithography, but their complex electronic structure is an open challenge for both theory and experiment. We combine optical spectroscopy of magnetic dipole M1 transitions, in a wavelength range covering 260 to 780 nm, with charge state selective ionization in an electron beam ion trap. Our measurements confirm the predictive power of ab initio calculations based on Fock space coupled cluster theory. We validate our line identification using semiempirical COWAN calculations with adjustable wave function parameters. Available Ritz combinations further strengthen our analysis. Comparison with previous work suggests that line identifications in the EUV need to be revisited.
Optimization of the battery size for PV systems under regulatory rules using a Markov Chains approach

In the last decade a high amount of photovoltaic and wind power generators have been connected to the electric grid, introducing operational problems for transmission and distribution system operators due to the variability and the non programmability of solar radiation and wind. The paper concerns an analysis on the benefits in adopting storage systems to reduce the imbalance costs associated to renewable energy sources. An analysis on a photovoltaic system has been performed considering different battery technologies. Discrete time Markov chains have been used to generate a 20 years' time series of irradiance, that has been used to calculate the PV power production. Markov simulation parameters have been deeply studied in order to optimize them and obtain reliable synthetic data of ground irradiance. This data was then used as input of a hybrid PV and storage model allowing to obtain realistic economic and technical results, improving thus the results respect to the methods based on probabilistic weather simulations. An imbalance tariff has been assumed and its cost has been analysed in relation to the storage system costs. An optimal size for the different battery technology has been investigated considering the reduction of variability of the photovoltaic production and the economic convenience of the hybrid system. The use of Markov chains for the optimization of the battery size can be considered as the major novelty of the proposed approach.
The zebrafish as a model to study intestinal inflammation.
Venue: Developmental and comparative immunology

Starting out as a model for developmental biology, during the last decade, zebrafish have also gained the attention of the immunologists and oncologists. Due to its small size, high fecundity and full annotation of its genome, the zebrafish is an attractive model system. The fact that fish are transparent early in life combined with the growing list of immune cell reporter fish, enables in vivo tracking of immune responses in a complete organism. Since zebrafish develop ex utero from a fertilized egg, immune development can be monitored from the start of life. Given that several gut functions and immune genes are conserved between zebrafish and mammals, the zebrafish is an interesting model organism to investigate fundamental processes underlying intestinal inflammation and injury. This review will first provide some background on zebrafish intestinal development, bacterial colonization and immunity, showing the similarities and differences compared to mammals. This will be followed by an overview of the existing models for intestinal disease, and concluded by future perspectives in light of the newest technologies and insights.