nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Content based Image Retrieval using Color and Texture

A Content Based Image Retrieval System is a computer system for browsing, searching and retrieving images from a large database of digital images .Most common methods of image retrieval utilize some method of adding meta data such as captioning, keywords or description to the images so that retrieval can be performed over the annotation words. Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) deals with retrieval of images based on visual features such as color, texture and shape. This paper presents retrieval of images based on color and texture using various proposed algorithms.
Improvement in Performance of Image Retrieval using Various Features in CBIR System

Content Based image retrieval systems (CBIR) have become very popular for browsing, searching, and retrieving images from a large database of digital images as it requires relatively less human interference. In Content based image retrieval system, visual feature. Color, texture and shape features have been the primitive image descriptors in CBIR systems. By using only color, texture or shape features, cannot get high precision. So, propose a new content based image retrieval method that uses combination of color, shape and texture feature to get high precision. By using techniques like Image Processing, Data Mining, Machine Learning and Database for extracting color features, texture features and shape features, In this paper discuss the using various features and technique to possible get best precision as well as less computational complexity and good retrieval accuracy.
Impact of Reputation and Promotion on Internet Auction Outcomes: Finnish Evidence

The purpose of this article is to explore the impact of seller's reputation and promotional methods on auction outcomes in the Finnish online auction website, Huuto.net. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses are used to test a set of hypotheses. The dataset consists of 227 auctions of iPhone 4S 16 GB mobile phones posted for auction by 138 individual sellers. The main finding is that sellers who have acquired a free identification from Huuto.net achieve a hefty increase in the final sales price. Sellers who have not established an online reputation achieve considerably lower closing prices at auction. An increase in negative feedback points reduces the final sales price. Purchasing display enhancing promotional options does not increase the price but may improve probability of sale. Establishing reputation, avoiding negative feedback, and acquiring identification pay off. The promotional options associated with fonts and colors are not worth the cost.
Chemical quality and regulatory compliance of drinking water in Iceland.
Venue: International journal of hygiene and environmental health

Assuring sufficient quality of drinking water is of great importance for public wellbeing and prosperity. Nations have developed regulatory system with the aim of providing drinking water of sufficient quality and to minimize the risk of contamination of the water supply in the first place. In this study the chemical quality of Icelandic drinking water was evaluated by systematically analyzing results from audit monitoring where 53 parameters were assessed for 345 samples from 79 aquifers, serving 74 water supply systems. Compliance to the Icelandic Drinking Water Regulation (IDWR) was evaluated with regard to parametric values, minimum requirement of sampling, and limit of detection. Water quality compliance was divided according to health related chemicals and indicators, and analyzed according to size. Samples from few individual locations were benchmarked against natural background levels (NBLs) in order to identify potential pollution sources. The results show that drinking compliance was 99.97% in health related chemicals and 99.44% in indicator parameters indicating that Icelandic groundwater abstracted for drinking water supply is generally of high quality with no expected health risks. In 10 water supply systems, of the 74 tested, there was an indication of anthropogenic chemical pollution, either at the source or in the network, and in another 6 water supplies there was a need to improve the water intake to prevent surface water intrusion. Benchmarking against the NBLs proved to be useful in tracing potential pollution sources, providing a useful tool for identifying pollution at an early stage.
Microplastics in the Terrestrial Ecosystem: Implications for Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
Venue: Environmental science technology

Plastic debris is widespread in the environment, but information on the effects of microplastics on terrestrial fauna is completely lacking. Here, we studied the survival and fitness of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) exposed to microplastics (Polyethylene, <150 mm) in litter at concentrations of 7, 28, 45, and 60% dry weight, percentages that, after bioturbation, translate to 0.2 to 1.2% in bulk soil. Mortality after 60 days was higher at 28, 45, and 60% of microplastics in the litter than at 7% w/w and in the control (0% Growth rate was significantly reduced at 28, 45, and 60% w/w microplastics, compared to the 7% and control treatments. Due to the digestion of ingested organic matter, microplastic was concentrated in cast, especially at the lowest dose (i.e. 7% in litter) because that dose had the highest proportion of digestible organic matter. Whereas 50 percent of the microplastics had a size of <50 mm in the original litter, 90 percent of the microplastics in the casts was <50 mm in all treatments, which suggests size selective egestion by the earthworms. These concentration transport and size selection mechanisms may have important implications for fate and risk of microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems.
Do Tax Incentives for Research Increase Firm Innovation? An Rd Design for R&D

We present the first evidence showing causal impact of research and development (R&D) tax incentives on innovation outcomes. We exploit a change in the asset based size thresholds for eligibility for R&D tax subsidies and implement a Regression Discontinuity Design using administrative tax data on the population of UK firms. There are statistically and economically significant effects of the tax change on both R&D and patenting, with no evidence of a decline in the quality of innovation. R&D tax price elasticities are large at about 2.6, probably because the treated group is from a sub population subject to financial constraints. There does not appear to be pre policy manipulation of assets around the thresholds that could undermine our design, but firms do adjust assets to take advantage of the subsidy post policy. We estimate that over 2006 11 business R&D would be around 10% lower in the absence of the tax relief scheme.
From the Editors: Experimental designs in international business research

The question that motivated this editorial was, "where are the IB experiments?" The short answer is that experiments are largely absent from the IB literature; and we argue that they shouldn't be. Experimental methods offer the opportunity to significantly improve the evidence for the causal relationships in international business research in a variety of ways. In this article we highlight the value and limitations of experiments in IB research, and explain the basic tenets of experimental design and thinking with the goal of encouraging the submission of more papers with an experimental design to JIBS.
Caring for patients with kidney disease: shifting the paradigm from evidence based medicine to patient centered care.
Venue: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association European Renal Association

The last several decades have witnessed the emergence of evidence based medicine as the dominant paradigm for medical teaching, research and practice. Under an evidence based approach, populations rather than individuals become the primary focus of investigation. Treatment priorities are largely shaped by the availability, relevance and quality of evidence and study outcomes and results are assumed to have more or less universal significance based on their implications at the population level. However, population level treatment goals do not always align with what matters the most to individual patients who may weigh the risks, benefits and harms of recommended treatments quite differently. In this article we describe the rise of evidence based medicine in historical context. We discuss limitations of this approach for supporting real world treatment decisions especially in older adults with confluent comorbidity, functional impairment and/or limited life expectancy and we describe the emergence of more patient centered paradigms to address these limitations. We explain how the principles of evidence based medicine have helped to shape contemporary approaches to defining, classifying and managing patients with chronic kidney disease. We discuss the limitations of this approach and the potential value of a more patient centered paradigm, with a particular focus on the care of older adults with this condition. We conclude by outlining ways in which the evidence base might be reconfigured to better support real world treatment decisions in individual patients and summarize relevant ongoing initiatives.
Eslicarbazepine induced toxic epidermal necrolysis
Venue: Epilepsia

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) member of the dibenzazepine family which also includes carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a new antiepileptic drug approved in 2009 by the European Medicines Agency and in 2013 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalization. The incidence of rash, which is the most common idiosyncratic reaction with all antiepileptic drugs, seems to be lower in patients treated with ESL relative to CBZ and OXC. In fact, since ESL was approved, reports on severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) with this antiepileptic have not been accumulating, with only one case of eslicarbazepineinduced erythema multiforme major reported to date. To our knowledge, we report the first case of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) following treatment with ESL. An 85year old man with a longstanding history of hypertension treated with captopril, was admitted with fever (38.8degC) stinging eyes, pain upon swallowing, and painful cutaneous lesions on day 19 after taking ESL at doses of 800 mg/day for partial onset seizures. On physical examination, we observed coalescing dusky red macules over >30% of the body surface, with blisters and detachment of large sheets of necrolytic epidermis all over his chest  back  and face. The conjunctiva and oral  and genital mucosa were also involved, and tense blisters were seen in the palmoplantar surfaces. The diagnosis of TEN was confirmed by histopathologic examination of lesional skin. Laboratory examination showed markedly elevated C reactive protein levels, with renal and hepatic enzymes within normal limits. ESL was withdrawn. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin at a dose of 2 g/kg/day for 3 days, intravenous corticosteroids (tapered methylprednisolone starting with 125 mg daily) and cyclosporine at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 10 days, and then tapered over another 10 days; He showed a slow but progressive improvement both in symptoms and cutaneous manifestations. Reepithelization of the skin was achieved in 4 weeks. Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and TEN are rare, acute, and life threatening mucocutaneous diseases that are nearly always drug related. Compelling evidence suggests that SJS/TEN is associated with an impaired capacity to A
Impact of Hypertension on Cognitive Function: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Venue: Hypertension

Age related dementia, most commonly caused by Alzheimer disease or cerebrovascular factors (vascular dementia) is a major public health threat. Chronic arterial hypertension is a well established risk factor for both types of dementia, but the link between hypertension and its treatment and cognition remains poorly understood. In this scientific statement, a multidisciplinary team of experts examines the impact of hypertension on cognition to assess the state of the knowledge, to identify gaps, and to provide future directions.  Authors with relevant expertise were selected to contribute to this statement in accordance with the American Heart Association conflict of interest management policy. Panel members were assigned topics relevant to their areas of expertise, reviewed the literature, and summarized the available data.  Hypertension disrupts the structure and function of cerebral blood vessels, leads to ischemic damage of white matter regions critical for cognitive function, and may promote Alzheimer pathology. There is strong evidence of a deleterious influence of midlife hypertension on late life cognitive function, but the cognitive impact of late life hypertension is less clear. Observational studies demonstrated a cumulative effect of hypertension on cerebrovascular damage, but evidence from clinical trials that antihypertensive treatment improves cognition is not conclusive.  After carefully reviewing the literature, the group concluded that there were insufficient data to make evidence based recommendations. However, judicious treatment of hypertension, taking into account goals of care and individual characteristics (eg, age and comorbidities) seems justified to safeguard vascular health and, as a consequence, brain health.
The Impact of Fixed Cost Pooling Strategies on Test Collection Bias
Venue: ICTIR

In Information Retrieval, test collections are usually built using the pooling method. Many pooling strategies have been developed for the pooling method. Herein, we address the question of identifying the best pooling strategy when evaluating systems using precision oriented measures in presence of budget constraints on the number of documents to be evaluated. As a quality measurement we use the bias introduced by the pooling strategy, measured both in terms of Mean Absolute Error of the scores and in terms of ranking errors. Based on experiments on 15 test collections, we conclude that, for precision oriented measures, the best strategies are based on Rank Biased Precision (RBP) These results can inform collection builders because they suggest that, under fixed assessment budget constraints, RBP based sampling produces less biased pools than other alternatives.
Needmining: identifying micro Blog Data containing Customer Needs
Venue: ECIS

The design of new products and services starts with the identification of needs of potential customers or users. Many existing methods like observations, surveys, and experiments draw upon specific efforts to elicit unsatisfied needs from individuals. At the same time, a huge amount of user generated content in micro blogs is freely accessible at no cost. While this information is already analyzed to monitor sentiments towards existing offerings, it has not yet been tapped for the elicitation of needs. In this paper, we lay an important foundation for this endeavor: we propose a Machine Learning approach to identify those posts that do express needs. Our evaluation of tweets in the e mobility domain demonstrates that the small share of relevant tweets can be identified with remarkable precision or recall results. Applied to huge data sets, the developed method should enable scalable need elicitation support for innovation managers across thousands of users, and thus augment the service design tool set available to him.
Conceptual design of a camera system for neutron imaging in low fusion power tokamaks

The basic principles for designing a camera system for neutron imaging in low fusion power tokamaks are illustrated for the case of the HL 2A tokamak device. HL 2A has an approximately circular cross section, with total neutron yields of about 1012 n/s under 1 MW neutral beam injection (NBI) heating. The accuracy in determining the width of the neutron emission profile and the plasma vertical position are chosen as relevant parameters for design optimization. Typical neutron emission profiles and neutron energy spectra are calculated by Monte Carlo method. A reference design is assumed, for which the direct and scattered neutron fluences are assessed and the neutron count profile of the neutron camera is obtained. Three other designs are presented for comparison. The reference design is found to have the best performance for assessing the width of peaked to broadened neutron emission profiles. It also performs well for the assessment of the vertical position.
Toward open source portable haptic displays with visual force tactile feedback colocation
Venue: 2016 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS)

Platforms capable of generating rich haptic feedback are usually quite expensive and under strict proprietary protection. In addition, most of them are not portable and do not deliver a fully integrated force, tactile and visual user experience. In an attempt to break through these limitations, we have created the Haplet: an open source, portable and affordable haptic device with colocated visual, force and tactile feedback. The triple colocated user experience is delivered by a small form parallel robotic mechanism that features a simple vibrotactile actuator at the end effector. The robotic arm is optically transparent and is motorized at the base where it clips on a tablet or computer screen. All the electronic components are encapsulated into a custom designed board based on the Arduino Due microcontroller. This board interfaces computer software to the Haplet's hardware with a capacity of up to four motors and encoders and two vibrotactile actuators. This paper describes our ongoing research on developing the Haplet; and, reports our initial experimental studies on quantifying the effect of visual force tactile feedback colocation on the user's experience and performance.
Perspectives on the Evolution of Tactile, Haptic, and Thermal Displays
Venue: PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

Editors' Note: To celebrate Presence's 25th year of publication, we have invited selected members of the journal's original editorial board and authors of several early articles to contribute essays looking back on the field of virtual reality, from its very earliest days to the current time. This essay comes from founding editorial board member Lynette Jones, who highlights the fundamental research that is still needed to make haptic and thermal devices light, energy efficient and intuitive to use.
Game based Learning and 21st century skills: A review of recent research
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Game based learning and 21st century skills have been gaining an enormous amount of attention from researchers and practitioners. Given numerous studies support the positive effects of games on learning, a growing number of researchers are committed to developing educational games to promote students' 21st century skill development in schools. However, little is known regarding how games may influence student acquisition of 21st century skills. This paper examines the most recent literature in regard to game based learning and identified 29 studies which targeted 21st century skills as outcomes. The range of game genres and game design elements as well as learning theories used in these studies are discussed, together with the range of indicators, measures and outcomes for impacts on 21st century skills. The findings suggest that a game based learning approach might be effective in facilitating students' 21st century skill development. The paper also provides valuable insights for researchers, game designers, and educators in issues related to educational game design and implementation in general. One hundred and thirty seven papers were included in the review.Twenty nine papers reported the impacts of games on 21st century skills development.Effect sizes were reported for 37% of the empirical findings.A number of learning theories were referenced in the 29 papers.Effective game design elements were identified.
The fetishization of sexual violence in international security

Recent international relations scholarship tends to view sexual violence, especially rape, as an exceptional if not aberrant phenomenon in war and armed conflict. Indeed, it often treats it as the sole form of gender based violence capable of threatening international peace and security. I challenge the isolation of this particular form of gender violence in the study and governance of international security. I argue that the securitization of sexual violence produced its "fetishization" in international advocacy, policy, and scholarship. The stages of securitization operate as a process of fetishization by first, decontextualizing and homogenizing this violence; second, objectifying this violence; and third, affecting inter unit relations through the "selling back" of sexual violence to actors involved in conflict. As such, my argument helps specify why securitization fails to adequately address an issue like sexual violence and often results in further retrenchment of disparate power relations.
Hierarchy in practice: Multilateral diplomacy and the governance of international security
Venue: European Journal of International Security

In today's world, a significant portion of international security politics is conducted through multilateral channels, often from the halls of international organisations such as the United Nations or NATO. This article theorises and empirically documents the production, reproduction, and contestation of local diplomatic hierarchies that practitioners often call 'international pecking orders' According to conventional wisdom in IR, the sources of international hierarchies are primarily structural, stemming from the interstate distribution of (material) capabilities. Yet the growing prevalence of multilateral diplomacy in the governance of international security generates distinctive forms of social stratification organised around a struggle for diplomatic competence. As they pursue their instructions and manage security politics, state representatives posted to international organisations make use of the opportunities and constraints of a given situation and compete for rank through the display of practical know how. The article illustrates this process by looking at how a key set of multilateral practices lend themselves to pecking order dynamics, from esprit de corps to reporting through brokering. By taking the multilateralisation of security politics seriously, the article shows that international hierarchy, far from an unobservable reality, is actually part of parcel of each and every practice that makes the world go round.
A new optimal unified power flow controller placement and load shedding coordination approach using the Hybrid Imperialist Competitive Algorithm Pattern Search method for voltage collapse prevention in power system

As power systems become more complex and heavily loaded, voltage collapse has become one of the most destructive events in modern power systems leading to blackouts in electric utilities worldwide. Voltage collapse is mainly caused by operating power systems at lower stability margins due to a surge in electric power demand. This paper presents an optimal unified power flow controller (UPFC) placement and load shedding coordination approach for voltage collapse prevention in N K (K 1, 2 and 3) contingency condition using Hybrid Imperialist Competitive Algorithm Pattern Search (HICA PS) ICA is the main optimizer of the proposed algorithm while pattern search is applied to further fine tune the results of the ICA. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in preventing voltage collapse in complex power systems, we implemented it on the New England 39 bus power system. Its performance was also compared to that of some classical optimization techniques. Decrease in load shedding amounts, continuity of energy supply and voltage collapse prevention is the main positive features of the proposed approach.