nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review on modular product design

The product architecture has a significant influence on all phases of the product life cycle. Many literature sources claim modular product design offers a large range of advantages for addressing this influence. For example, it enables mass customisation, allows environmentally friendly end of life strategies, reduces development costs and allows efficient work in loosely coupled organisations. However, the generally low level of justification of these advantages together with the lack of commonly accepted theoretical references leads to a rather scattered view of the potential of modularisation. Moreover, the diversity of methodological approaches and the lack of common vocabulary represent a challenge for standardisation of practices and may hinder systematic implementation in product development. In particular, more guidance may be required to allow product development teams to choose the right modularisation approach that fits in with their objectives. This article summarises published literature in order to introduce a common language in the field of product modularisation and to build the theoretical basis of a multi purpose approach termed 'modularization for X' It is based on a systematic literature review covering a corpus of 163 publications, provides a structured compilation of drivers, design principles and metrics for modularisation, and identifies challenges for further research efforts.
Violent Media Content and Aggressiveness in Adolescents A Downward Spiral Model

Theory and research on media violence provides evidence that aggressive youth seek out media violence and that media violence prospectively predicts aggression in youth.The authors argue that both relationships,when modeled over time, should be mutually reinforcing, in what they call a downward spiral model. This study uses multilevel modeling to examine individual growth curves in aggressiveness and violent media use. The measure of use of media violence included viewing action films, playing violent computer and video games, and visiting violence oriented Internet sites by students from 20 middle schools in 10 different regions in the United States. The findings appear largely consistent with the proposed model. In particular, concurrent effects of aggressiveness on violent media use and concurrent and lagged effects of violent media use on aggressiveness were found. The implications of this model for theorizing about media effects on youth, and for bridging active audience with media effects perspectives, are discussed.
July 2016 P3 Hybrid Spiral Model to Improve Software Quality Using Knowledge Management

In a fast and dynamic competitive environment it is not easy to survive and maintain a credit in market. It can be possible when user/customer trust on product quality and its performance. This can be possible when process is well defined because quality of product directly related to the quality of process. To develop a mature and effective process lot of resources is required, every organization want to achieve that at a minimum cost and time. That can be achieved when they effectively utilize the knowledge and experience. At present knowledge management is an area where quality is derived. In this paper we show how knowledge management is used to achieve quality in finished product and proposed a hybrid spiral model which is integration of spiral model and knowledge management. We proposed a hybrid spiral model to improve software quality using knowledge management which is based on knowledge flow during process. Proposed hybrid spiral model has been illustrated with example
Developing Architectural Geometry Through Robotic Assembly and Material Sensing

Advances in robotic fabrication and computational geometry have opened up new possibilities for including robotic assembly and material selection into the loop. We introduce a method for computing and constructing architectural geometry through the negotiation between the design intention and the constraints of assembly and materials. A small scale experimental structure has been modeled and partially built from EPS foam sheets, using an industrial robotic arm to pick, cut and subsequently assemble the components of the structure. To reduce waste, a sensing procedure was developed to generate component based on the form of the found material piece and fit it in the existing structure, similarly to how the Caddisfly Larvae builds its cocoon exclusively with found material. We aim to investigate how the sensor enabled waste control can potentially adjust the form of the assembled structure.
Quantitative X ray dark field and phase tomography using single directional speckle scanning technique

X ray dark field contrast tomography can provide important supplementary information inside a sample to the conventional absorption tomography. Recently, the X ray speckle based technique has been proposed to provide qualitative two dimensional dark field imaging with a simple experimental arrangement. In this letter, we deduce a relationship between the second moment of scattering angle distribution and cross correlation degradation of speckle and establish a quantitative basis of X ray dark field tomography using single directional speckle scanning technique. In addition, the phase contrast images can be simultaneously retrieved permitting tomographic reconstruction, which yields enhanced contrast in weakly absorbing materials. Such complementary tomography technique can allow systematic investigation of complex samples containing both soft and hard materials.
Cryo soft X ray tomography as a quantitative three dimensional tool to model nanoparticle:cell interaction
Venue: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

BackgroundRecent advances in nanoparticle design have generated new possibilities for nano biotechnology and nano medicine. Here we used cryo soft X ray tomography (cryo SXT) to collect comprehensive three dimensional (3D) data to characterise the interaction of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with a breast cancer cell line.ResultsWe incubated MCF 7 (a human breast cancer cell line) from 0 to 24 h with SPION (15 nm average diameter, coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid) a system that has been studied previously using various microscopy and bulk techniques. This system facilitates the validation and contextualization of the new 3D data acquired using the cryo SXT based approach. After vitrification, samples tested by correlative cryo epifluorescent microscopy showed SPION accumulation in acidic vesicles related to the endocytic pathway. Microscopy grids bearing MCF 7 cells were then analysed by cryo SXT to generate whole cell volume 3D maps. Cryo SXT is an emerging technique that benefits from high X ray penetration into the biological material to image close to native vitrified cells at nanometric resolution with no chemical fixation or staining agents. This unique possibility of obtaining 3D information from whole cells allows quantitative statistical analysis of SPION containing vesicle (SCV) accumulation inside cells, including vesicle number and size, distances between vesicles, and their distance from the nucleus.ConclusionsCorrelation between fluorescent microscopy, cryo SXT and transmission electron microscopy allowed us to identify SCV and to generate 3D data for statistical analysis of SPION:cell interaction. This study supports continuous transfer of the internalized SPION from the plasma membrane to an accumulation area near the cell nucleus. Statistical analysis showed SCV increase in number and size concomitant with longer incubation times, and therefore an increase in their accumulated volume within the cell. This cumulative effect expands the accumulation area and cell organelles such as mitochondria are consequently displaced to the periphery. Our 3D cryo SXT approach demonstrates that a comprehensive quantitative description of SPION:cell interaction is possible, which will serve as a basis for metal based nanoparticle design and for selection of those best suited for hyperthermia treatment, drug delivery and image diagnosis in nanobiomedicine.
Potential synthetic adaptogens 1. Synthesis and studies of new N (adamantan 1 yl)methyl]aniline derivatives based on adamantane 1 carbaldehyde
Venue: Russian Chemical Bulletin

A number of new N (adamantan 1 yl)methyl]aniline derivatives, which can be considered as conformationally labile analogues of synthetic adaptogen Bromantan, were obtained by the reductive amination reaction of adamantane 1 carbaldehyde with aromatic amines. The influence of the reaction conditions of reductive amination on the yield and composition of its products was studied.
Backward Raman amplification of broad band pulses

A reduced fluid model of Raman backscattering is proposed that describes backward Raman amplification (BRA) of pulses with duration t0 comparable to or even smaller than the plasma period 2p/op. At such a small t0, a seed pulse can be amplified even if it has the same frequency as the pump (which is technologically advantageous) as opposed to that satisfying the Raman resonance condition. Using our theoretical model, we numerically calculate the BRA efficiency for such pulses as a function of t0 and show that it remains reasonably high up to t02p/op. We also show that using short seed pulses in BRA makes the amplification less sensitive to quasistatic inhomogeneities of the plasma density. Amplification can persist even when the density perturbations are large enough to violate the commonly known condition of resonant amplification.
Is There an Association of Physical Activity with Brain Volume, Behavior, and Day to day Functioning? A Cross Sectional Design in Prodromal and Early Huntington Disease
Venue: PLoS currents

Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease leading to progressive motor, cognitive, and behavioral decline. Subtle changes in these domains are detectable up to 15 years before a definitive motor diagnosis is made. This period, called prodromal HD, provides an opportunity to examine lifestyle behaviors that may impact disease progression.  Physical activity relates to decreased rates of brain atrophy and improved cognitive and day to day functioning in Alzheimer disease and healthy aging populations. Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding the impact of physical activity on disease progression in HD and paid little attention to the prodromal phase.  We conducted analyses of associations among current physical activity level, current and retrospective rate of change for hippocampus and striatum volume, and cognitive, motor, and day to day functioning variables. Participants were 48 gene expanded cases with prodromal and early diagnosed HD and 27 nongene expanded control participants. Participants wore Fitbit Ultra activity monitors for three days and completed the self reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Hippocampal and striatal white matter volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive tests included the Stroop Color and Word Test, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) Motor function was assessed using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale total motor score (TMS) Day to day functioning was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) version 2.0.  Higher Fitbit activity scores were significantly related to better scores on the SDMT and WHODAS in case participants but not in controls. Fitbit activity scores tracked better with TMS scores in the group as a whole, though the association did not reach statistical significance in the case participants. Higher Fitbit activity scores related to less day to day functioning decline in retrospective slope analyses. Fitbit activity scores did not differ significantly between cases and controls.  This is the first known study examining the associations between activity level and imaging, motor, cognitive, and day to day functioning outcomes in prodromal and early HD. Preliminary results suggest physical activity positively correlates with improved cognitive and day to day functioning and possibly motor function in individuals in the prodromal and early phase of the condition.
Using Constraint Based Reasoning for Multi objective Optimisation of the ENTICE Environment
Venue: 2016 12th International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids (SKG)

ENTICE is a set of innovative software services currently being developed to facilitate efficient operations of distributed Virtual Machine and container images (VMI/CI) repositories. Its operation necessitates various decision making for which a solver for Multi Objective Optimisation (MOO) problems is used. However, the solver is a bottleneck due to its computational complexity. In order to be able to reduce the search space for the solver, we have developed an ontology and corresponding Knowledge Base (KB) that underpins the operation of the ENTICE environment. The Knowledge Base is developed based on the Jena Fuseki technology. To address the problem of computational complexity, constraint based queries and different reasoning mechanisms are applied. The Knowledge Base services are then integrated with other ENTICE services including the MOO solver. It is shown that this approach significantly reduces the computational complexity for the MOO, thus it shortens the optimisation time, and makes it possible to use the MOO for both strategic (decisions that can be made up to one day in advance) and dynamic (decisions requiring response within one minute) decision making possible.
A Three Terminal Switch Model of Constant On Time Current Mode With External Ramp Compensation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Multiphase constant on time current mode control based on pulse distribution structure is widely used in voltage regulator application for microprocessor. To minimize ripple cancellation effect, external ramp compensation is used in commercial products. However, external ramp will introduce dynamic to the system and stability margin will be suffered without considering its effect. This paper first studies the effect of external ramp by deriving small signal transfer function based on describing function method. It is found that external ramp brings additional dynamic, with time constant related with switching period. Then, a simple equivalent circuit model based on three terminal switch concept is proposed, which considers the effect of external ramp by adding an additional R L branch. The equivalent circuit model can be reduced to previous unified three terminal switch model when external ramp is zero and can be reduced to model of constant on time voltage mode control when external ramp is much larger than inductor current ramp. The proposed three terminal switch model is a complete model, which can be used to examine all transfer functions and is accurate up to half of switching frequency. The analytical transfer functions are provided for easy reference. The model is verified by SIMPLIS simulation and experimental measurement.
A video object tracking algorithm combined Kalman filter and adaptive least squares under occlusion
Venue: 2016 9th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP BMEI)

Object occlusion is widespread in video surveillance due to the influence of angle and environment, which brings a great impact on the target tracking and makes the development of video object tracking encountered meeting many constraints. The challenge in video object tracking is how to track accurately when the target is obscured. We use the frame difference method to detect the target and smooth the target trajectory by using Kalman filter. When the target is occluded, we can select the appropriate fitting section after smoothing trajectories and use the least square method to fit the target motion path adaptively, so we can predict the object location. By comparing the experimental results with the actual motion of the target, it shows that the algorithm can be used to track most of the occlusion targets precisely.
Turning rice meiosis into mitosis
Venue: Cell Research

Introduction of clonal reproduction through seeds (apomixis) in crops has the potential to revolutionize agriculture by allowing self propagation of any elite variety, in particular F1 hybrids. In the sexual model plant Arabidopsis thaliana synthetic clonal reproduction through seeds can be artificially implemented by (i) combining three mutations to turn meiosis into mitosis (MiMe) and (ii) crossing the obtained clonal gametes with a line expressing modified CENH3 and whose genome is eliminated in the zygote. Here we show that additional combinations of mutations can turn Arabidopsis meiosis into mitosis and that a combination of three mutations in rice (Oryza sativa) efficiently turns meiosis into mitosis, leading to the production of male and female clonal diploid gametes in this major crop. Successful implementation of the MiMe technology in the phylogenetically distant eudicot Arabidopsis and monocot rice opens doors for its application to any flowering plant and paves the way for introducing apomixis in crop species.
Assembly design system based on engineering connection

An assembly design system is an important part of computer aided design systems, which are important tools for realizing product concept design. The traditional assembly design system does not record the connection information of production on the engineering layer; consequently, the upstream design idea cannot be fully used in the downstream design. An assembly design model based on the relationship of engineering connection is presented. In this model, all nodes are divided into two categories: The component and the connection. Moreover, the product is constructed on the basis of the connection relationship of the components. The model is an And/Or graph and has the ability to record all assembly schemes. This model records only the connection information that has engineering application value in the product design. In addition, this model can significantly reduce the number of combinations, and is very favorable for the assembly sequence planning in the downstream. The system contains a connection knowledge system that can be mapped to the connection node, and the connection knowledge obtained in practice can be returned to the knowledge system. Finally, VC+ 6.0 is used to develop a prototype system called Connect based Assembly Planning (CAP) The relationship between the CAP system and the commercial assembly design system is also established.
Synthesis, isomerization and biological activity of novel 2 selenohydantoin derivatives.
Venue: Bioorganic medicinal chemistry

A set of novel selenohydantoins were synthesized via a convenient and versatile approach involving the reaction of isoselenocyanates with various amines. We also revealed an unexpected Z E isomerization of pyridin 2 yl substituted selenohydantoins in the presence of Cu(2+ cations. The detailed mechanism of this transformation was suggested on the basis of quantum chemical calculations, and the key role of Cu(2+ was elucidated. The obtained compounds were subsequently evaluated against a panel of different cancer cell lines. As a result, several molecules were identified as promising micromolar hits with good selectivity index. Instead of analogous thiohydantoins, which have been synthesized previously, selenohydantoins demonstrated a relatively high antioxidant activity comparable (or greater) to the reference molecule, Ebselen, a clinically approved drug candidate. The most active compounds have been selected for further biological trials.
Caracteristicas individuales y familiares de los adolescentes en violencia filio parental: la agresividad fisica, la cohesion familiar y el conflicto interparental como variables explicativas.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias en caracteristicas sociodemografi cas y familiares, en salud mental y agresividad de 34 adolescentes inmersos en una dinamica de violencia fi lio parental (VFP) y un grupo contraste de 81 adolescentes que no ejercian violencia contra sus progenitores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre ambos grupos en variables como nivel de escolarizacion, estructura familiar, niveles de agresividad fisica e ira, cohesion, adaptabilidad y comunicacion familiar y confl icto interparental, pero no asi en los niveles de agresividad verbal y hostilidad, ansiedad, somatizacion, panico o depresion. Asi mismo los resultados encontrados no apoyaron la hipotesis de que una edad de inicio mas temprana de la VFP o una mayor duracion de la violencia sin tratamiento se asocien a una mayor gravedad de la VFP. Finalmente, la VFP global se asocio de manera signifi cativa con una mayor agresividad fisica, una menor cohesion familiar y un alto sentido de autoculpa del adolescente en relacion al confl icto interparental.
Urban agriculture: a way forward to food and nutrition security in Malaysia

The practice of urban agriculture has gained importance due to the rising rate of urban poverty and population in the developing regions. In countries such as Malaysia, it also addresses food security by providing the urban dwellers with access to adequately nutritious, safe, acceptable and cost effective food. While there are some skepticism toward urban agricultural activities in providing food for the urban markets, this study has nevertheless explored the existing evidence of its effectiveness in providing food security among urban dwellers and consequently reducing a large share of their food bills. Interviews of 360 households shown a positive statistical association between obtaining a sufficient quantity of food and adequate diet through engagement in urban agriculture. The results from this study indicate that food security can be derived from urban agriculture since it provides sufficient quantities of food, appropriate nutrition, cost effective food supplies and reduction in food bills. This highlights the need for the Malaysian urban authorities to give more appropriate recognition and contribution to city dwellers and encourage them to expand the practice of urban agriculture.