nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of primary and secondary amines on the formation of hollow silica nanoparticles by using emulsion template method

This paper describes the amine effect on the sol gel synthesis which can rapidly form the shell structure of the hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNPs) Poly acrylic acid (PAA)/amine emulsion templates for the silica coating were formed in ethanol, and the emulsion templates were removed by water to obtain the HSNPs. To investigate of the ionic cross linker and catalyst abilities of the amine, four types of amines; i.e. ethylamine (EA) ethylenediamine (EDA) diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) were used. As a result, the HSNPs could be successfully synthesized with a high TEOS conversion ratio (95% and a shorter reaction time (2 h) by using EDA, DETA, and TETA. During this procedure, the amine worked as a catalyst for the sol gel reaction and an ionic cross linkers for PAA. As the catalyst ability, EDA was the most effective catalyst for the sol gel reaction that was measured by the zeta potential. Regarding the cross link ability, TETA worked as the most effective cross linker for the PAA condensation that was determined by the viscosity measurement. It showed that both the cross link ability and catalyst ability were important factors for this procedure. It was clarified that the HSNPs can be synthesized within a short time with a high conversion ratio by considering the PAA/amine solution viscosity and interaction of the amine with the alcohol.
Control size distribution of hollow silica nanoparticles by viscosity of emulsion template

This paper describes the effect of the viscosity of the template on the sol gel synthesis which is useful to rapidly form the shell structure of hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNPs) and control the HSNP sizes. The Poly acrylic acid/ammonia aqueous solution (PAA/NH 3 acts as the templates for the silica coating performs in ethanol, which are subsequently removed by water to obtain the HSNPs. The influence of the template viscosity on the silica coating and the morphology of the HSNPs were studied using four kinds of PAAs with different molecular weights (MWs) such as 5000, 25,000, 50,000 and 250,000. It was found that the viscosity of the PAA/NH 3 templates increased with the increasing MW PAA. Unfortunately, the highest molecular weight of PAA (250,000) used in this study hardly formed templates because of its highly excessive viscosity. The ultra small HSNPs could be successfully synthesized using PAA 50,000 as the template along with a high TEOS conversion ratio (95% and a shorter reaction time (2 h) Moreover, the decreasing MW PAA provided a large size HSNP with a low TEOS conversion.
Lipofilling en reconstruction mammaire. Etude retrospective de la satisfaction et de la qualite de vie a propos de 68 patientes

Resume But de l'etude Evaluer les resultats cliniques esthetiques, la satisfaction et la qualite de vie relative a la sante chez les patientes ayant beneficie d'une reconstruction mammaire par lipofilling exclusif ou en complement d'autres techniques chirurgicales. Materiels et methodes Une etude retrospective observationnelle a ete menee entre 2009 et 2014 chez quatre groupes de patientes ayant beneficie d'un lipofilling par un meme operateur, soit en complement d'un traitement conservateur (groupe 1) soit de maniere exclusive (groupe 2) soit en complement d'un lambeau (groupe 3) ou de protheses (groupe 4) Les donnees sociodemographiques, liees au lipomodelage ou a la pathologie tumorale ont ete recueillies et reportees dans un logiciel concu pour cette etude. La satisfaction et la qualite de vie apres lipomodelage a ete evaluee a l'aide du questionnaire BREAST Q (c) module reconstruction mammaire postoperatoire. Resultats Cent soixante dix procedures de lipomodelage ont ete realisees chez 68 patientes. Le volume moyen transfere etait de 1421,2 cm 3 pour le groupe lipomodelage exclusif et le nombre de seances moyen etait de 4,9 etale sur une duree de 15,6 mois en moyenne. En adjuvant d'une technique ou d'une chirurgie conservatrice, le volume moyen total transfere etait de 212,2 cm 3 et le nombre de seances moyen etait de 1,4. L'abdomen etait le site donneur le plus utilise et la face posterieure des cuisses exclusivement utilisee en reconstruction exclusive. Le taux de cytosteatonecroses etait de 8,8 n 6) Un seul cas d'infection a ete note. La recidive tumorale a dix mois apres lipomodelage a concerne deux patientes. Le taux de reponse etait de 80,8 Le lipomodelage ameliore le resultat cosmetique final avec un taux de 91,1 de patientes satisfaites ou tres satisfaites vis a vis de leur sein. Au total, 95,4 des patientes du groupe lipomodelage exclusif ont trouve un benefice secondaire apres intervention. La qualite de vie apres lipomodelage est egalement amelioree sur le plan social et sexuel dans les quatre groupes avec un meilleur resultat chez les patientes ayant beneficie d'un traitement conservateur.  Le lipomodelage est une technique simple, fiable, necessitant une courbe d'apprentissage, permettant d'ameliorer le resultat esthetique final et la qualite de vie qu'il soit utilise de maniere exclusive ou en complement d'autres techniques.
Troubles de la voix chez les enseignants francais prevalence, facteurs associes et retentissement sur le bien etre au travail et la qualite de vie

Objectif de l'etude Les enseignants seraient particulierement a risque de souffrir de troubles vocaux, mais en France peu de donnees existent. Notre objectif a ete d'evaluer la prevalence des troubles vocaux chez les enseignants francais, d'en determiner les facteurs associes et d'explorer le retentissement de ces troubles sur le bien etre. Methodes Dans l'enquete postale nationale Qualite de vie des enseignants (Fondation MGEN/Education nationale, n 2653) les troubles vocaux ont ete evalues au moyen de trois indicateurs handicap vocal (Voice Handicap Index 10 items) impossibilite de faire cours a cause d'un probleme de voix depuis le debut de l'annee scolaire, au moins une consultation d'un professionnel de sante pour un probleme vocal. Dans des modeles multivaries, nous avons investigue differents facteurs de risque personnels, professionnels et environnementaux et explore le retentissement potentiel des troubles vocaux sur le bien etre au travail burnout absenteisme, satisfaction professionnelle) et la qualite de vie globale (questionnaire World Health Organisation Quality of life Bref) Resultats Treize pourcent des enseignants presentaient un handicap vocal modere a severe, 16 avaient ete dans l'impossibilite de faire cours a cause d'un probleme de voix depuis le debut de l'annee scolaire et 23 avaient deja consulte pour un probleme de voix. Apres ajustement, les facteurs significativement associes aux trois indicateurs de troubles vocaux etaient le sexe feminin, une demande psychologique elevee, avoir ete victime de violence psychologique au travail et a deux indicateurs sur trois l'age, la pollution ressentie de l'environnement de vie et une origine sociale des eleves defavorisee. Les enseignants souffrant de troubles vocaux etaient moins satisfaits de leur vecu professionnel et de leur qualite de vie.  Notre etude permet d'objectiver la problematique des troubles vocaux chez les enseignants francais et appuie l'interet de realiser des actions de prevention et de promotion de la sante dans cette population.
Acne au Cameroun qualite de vie et comorbidites psychiatriques

Resume Introduction L'impact de l'acne sur la qualite de vie (QDV) des personnes atteintes n'avait pas ete etudie au Cameroun. Notre objectif etait donc d'evaluer la QDV des patients acneiques au Cameroun et de rechercher les comorbidites psychiatriques associees. Methodes Nous avons mene une etude transversale dans trois hopitaux de la ville de Yaounde et avons inclus, avec leur consentement, les patients diagnostiques acneiques au terme d'une consultation dermatologique. La grille ECLA a servi pour l'evaluation clinique de l'acne, la grille CADI pour celle de la QDV, et les questionnaires PHQ 9 et GAD 7, respectivement pour le depistage de la depression et de l'anxiete. Resultats Nous avons recrute 181 patients ages de 13 a 56 ans. Le score de severite global de l'acne selon la grille ECLA variait entre 3 et 26 points. Il existait une alteration de la QDV chez tous les malades. Le score de QDV selon la grille CADI variait de 1 a 15 points. Nous avons trouve 11 cas (6,1 de depression et 14 cas (7,7 d'anxiete. Une correlation positive entre la severite de l'acne et l'alteration de la QDV a ete observee r 0,46 p r 0,347 p r 0,291 p Conclusion L'acne a un impact negatif sur la QDV des patients qui en souffrent. La depression et l'anxiete sont significativement associees a l'acne.
Evidence for a spinon Fermi surface in a triangular lattice quantum spin liquid candidate
Venue: Nature

A quantum spin liquid is an exotic quantum state of matter in which spins are highly entangled and remain disordered down to zero temperature. Such a state of matter is potentially relevant to high temperature superconductivity and quantum information applications, and experimental identification of a quantum spin liquid state is of fundamental importance for our understanding of quantum matter. Theoretical studies have proposed various quantum spin liquid ground states, most of which are characterized by exotic spin excitations with fractional quantum numbers (termed 'spinons' Here we report neutron scattering measurements of the triangular lattice antiferromagnet YbMgGaO4 that reveal broad spin excitations covering a wide region of the Brillouin zone. The observed diffusive spin excitation persists at the lowest measured energy and shows a clear upper excitation edge, consistent with the particle hole excitation of a spinon Fermi surface. Our results therefore point to the existence of a quantum spin liquid state with a spinon Fermi surface in YbMgGaO4, which has a perfect spin 1/2 triangular lattice as in the original proposal of quantum spin liquids.
Gyrotropic Magnetic Effect and the Magnetic Moment on the Fermi Surface.
Venue: Physical review letters

The current density j^{B} induced in a clean metal by a slowly varying magnetic field B is formulated as the low frequency limit of natural optical activity, or natural gyrotropy. Working with a multiband Pauli Hamiltonian, we obtain from the Kubo formula a simple expression for a_{ij}{GME}=j_{i}{B}/B_{j} in terms of the intrinsic magnetic moment (orbital plus spin) of the Bloch electrons on the Fermi surface. An alternate semiclassical derivation provides an intuitive picture of the effect, and takes into account the influence of scattering processes in dirty metals. This "gyrotropic magnetic effect" is fundamentally different from the chiral magnetic effect driven by the chiral anomaly and governed by the Berry curvature on the Fermi surface, and the two effects are compared for a minimal model of a Weyl semimetal. Like the Berry curvature, the intrinsic magnetic moment should be regarded as a basic ingredient in the Fermi liquid description of transport in broken symmetry metals.
Towards a better understanding of adolescent risk taking: Contextual moderators and model based analysis

Adolescence is the transition period between childhood and adulthood during which individuals gain independence and develop mature social goals. The age range of adolescence differs between countries and cultures, but it is generally agreed upon that, in Western societies, adolescence encompasses the period of approximately ages 10 to 22 years (Blakemore Robbins, 2012; Crone Dahl, 2012) The onset of adolescence commences at the start of puberty, which is the phase in life during which rapid increases in gonadal hormones result in changes in physical appearance, such as voice changes in boys and breast development in girls, but also behavioral and brain changes (Blakemore, Burnett, Dahl, 2010) That is, it has been found previously that pubertal hormones have a massive infl uence on the developing brain structure and function (Peper Dahl, 2013) Puberty thus marks the fi rst phase of adolescence and starts approximately around ages 10 11 years, on average 1.5 years earlier for girls than for boys, and lasts until approximately age 15 16 years (Blakemore et al. 2010) The second phase of adolescence (16 22 years) is characterized by the development of mature goals and gaining independence from parents. The end of adolescence is mostly culturally defi ned and is dependent on when individuals obtain a mature role in society (Crone Dahl, 2012)
Development and validation of the simultaneous measurement of four vitamin D metabolites in serum by LC MS/MS for clinical laboratory applications
Venue: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

The quantification of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] as an indicator of vitamin D status is currently primarily conducted by immunoassays, yet LC MS/MS would allow more accurate determination. Furthermore, LC MS/MS would allow simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an LC MS/MS method to simultaneously measure four vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3, 3 epi 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D3) in serum for clinical laboratory applications. Serum samples were first prepared in a 96 well supported liquid extraction plate and the eluate was derivatized using the Cookson type reagent 4 (4' dimethylaminophenyl) 1,2,4 triazoline 3,5 dione (DAPTAD) which rapidly and quantitatively reacts with the s cis diene structure of vitamin D metabolites. The derivatized samples were subjected to LC MS/MS, ionized by electrospray ionization (positive ion mode) and detected by selected reaction monitoring. The lower limits of quantification for 25(OH)D3, 3 epi 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D3 were 0.091, 0.020, 0.013, and 0.024 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy values and the extraction recoveries for these four metabolites were satisfactory. Serum 25(OH)D levels determined by our LC MS/MS were compared with those obtained by conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) that cannot distinguish 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2. The values obtained by the RIA method exhibited a mean bias of about 8.35 ng/mL, most likely as a result of cross reaction of the antibody with low abundance metabolites, including 24,25(OH)2D3. Various preanalytical factors, such as long sample sitting prior to serum separation, repeated freeze thaw cycles, and the presence of anticoagulants, had no significant effects on these determinations. This high throughput LC MS/MS simultaneous assay of the four vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D3, 3 epi 25(OH)D3, 25(OH)D2, and 24,25(OH)2D3 required as little as 20 mL serum. This method will aid further understanding of low abundance vitamin D metabolites, as well as the accurate determination of 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2.
Measurement of glycated albumin in serum and plasma by LC MS/MS
Venue: Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation

Diagnosis of diabetes and monitoring of long term blood sugar are preferably done by measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) Diabetic patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) may have short lived red blood cells due to hemodialysis (HD) and thus higher turnover of hemoglobin. The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be lower than expected for these patients, even at increased blood glucose, possibly making glycated albumin (GA) measurement a better alternative.  The percentage of GA was measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) Fast and efficient trypsin digestion of proteins in diluted serum or plasma resulted in a high number of proteotypic peptides from albumin, including KQTALVELVK which was detected both glycated and non glycated by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) The percentage of GA was estimated by neat peak area response of glycated peptide divided by the sum of glycated and non glycated peptide.  Acceptable method reproducibility (6% CV) repeatability (2 6% CV) limit of quantification (0.75% GA) linearity (R2 0.999) and recovery (79 9% was achieved without using calibration or isotope labeled internal standard. GA was strongly correlated with HbA1c (r 0.84) for patients without ESRD. The average ratio of GA/HbA1c was significantly higher (p 0.0021) for ESRD patients (1.84 0.38, n 62) compared to other patients (1.67 0.28, n 225)  GA measurement by detecting glycation in KQTALVELVK with LC MS/MS seems to be a useful supplement to HbA1c for detecting increased blood glucose in diabetic patients with ESRD.
A systematic review of the mental health impacts of sport and physical activity programmes for adolescents in post conflict settings

Children and adolescents exposed to violent conflict are at high risk of developing mental health problems. Sport and physical activity is increasingly incorporated in post conflict assistance for young people. Implementing agencies make a broad array of health claims for which there is currently a fragmented evidence base. The purpose of this review was to summarise the impact evidence for sport and physical activity based programmes on the mental health of adolescents in post conflict settings, and highlight the limitations of current practice. A systematic review of 12 electronic databases, 12 journals and leading humanitarian websites was conducted in August 2014. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they described a sports or physical activity based intervention for adolescents between the ages of 12 19 in a post conflict setting. A total of 11,722 publications were initially identified, of which 3 met the inclusion criteria and were included in a narrative synthesis. Two studies described projects in northern Uganda; one reported a decline in intervention in boys' mental health when compared to controls, the other a non significant improvement. The third study reported continual improvement in symptom presentation in ex child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Common limitations were short study duration and follow up, poor or unreported adaptation of methods and a lack of treatment mechanisms research. There is a shortage of high quality and available information, which limits the strength of conclusions that can be drawn. Despite the international furore surrounding the use of sport for assisting conflict affected populations, there is not yet convincing evidence of its efficacy as a mental health intervention. Future evaluation and research should aim to identify the mechanisms and processes behind the intended impact of interventions.  Mental illness is recognised as a major contributor to the global burden of disease. 1 The common mental health disorders (for example, depression, generalised anxiety disorder and alcohol and substance abuse) account for 14% of the global burden of disease, about 7.4% of disabilityadjusted life years worldwide and roughly a quarter of all health lost due to disability. 2 4 Mental disorders affect 1020% of children worldwide 5 and roughly 20% of children experience a mental health issue in any given year. 6 Child and adolescent mental health disorders have wide ranging social and economic impacts on individuals and states. 7 Research in this area is scant, yet results from longitudinal, clinical and population based studies indicate that emotional and conduct disorders can impair normal development for age, and can influence subsequent quality of life for those affected and their families. 7, 8 Estimating the global burden of child and adolescent mental disorders is complex and there are a number of barriers that www.jsfd.org Prospero registration number: CRD42014010833 44
Bioinspired Omniphobic Coatings with a Thermal Self Repair Function on Industrial Materials.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Inspired by the wax regeneration ability of plant leaves and the slippery surfaces of the Nepenthes pitcher plants, we have developed a new form of cross species bioinspired slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (X SLIPS) that can self repair under thermal stimulation even under large area physical and chemical damage. The performance and underlying mechanism of the thermal healing property has been studied and characterized in detail. These thermally self healing omniphobic coatings can be applied to a broad range of metals, plastics, glass, and ceramics of various shapes and show excellent repellency toward aqueous and organic liquids.
Deep Neural Networks Based Recognition of Plant Diseases by Leaf Image Classification
Venue: Comput. Intell. Neurosci.

The latest generation of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) has achieved impressive results in the field of image classification. This paper is concerned with a new approach to the development of plant disease recognition model, based on leaf image classification, by the use of deep convolutional networks. Novel way of training and the methodology used facilitate a quick and easy system implementation in practice. The developed model is able to recognize 13 different types of plant diseases out of healthy leaves, with the ability to distinguish plant leaves from their surroundings. According to our knowledge, this method for plant disease recognition has been proposed for the first time. All essential steps required for implementing this disease recognition model are fully described throughout the paper, starting from gathering images in order to create a database, assessed by agricultural experts. Caffe, a deep learning framework developed by Berkley Vision and Learning Centre, was used to perform the deep CNN training. The experimental results on the developed model achieved precision between 91% and 98% for separate class tests, on average 96.3%
Student Usage Predicts Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in the Cognitive Tutor Algebra I Program
Venue: EDM

The Cognitive Tutor Algebra I (CTAI) curriculum, which includes both textbook and online components, has been shown to boost student learning by about 0.2 standard deviations in a randomized effectiveness trial. Students who were assigned to the experimental condition varied substantially in how, and how much, the used the online component of CTAI, but original analyses of the experimental data focused on estimating average effects, and did not examine whether the CTAI treatment effect varied by the amount of style of usage. This study leverages log data from the experiment to present a more nuanced analysis. It uses the framework of Principal Stratification, which estimates the varying CTAI treatment effect as a function of "potential" usage either how students used the program, or how they would have used it had they been assigned to the treatment condition. With experimental data, Principal Stratification does not require that we assume that all relevant variables have been measured. With this framework, we find that students who receive a medium amount of assistance from the software (in the form of hints and error feedback) experience the largest effects, with lower effects for students who receive a lot or a little; and evidence that students who do not follow the curriculum order experience smaller treatment effects.