nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual targeted therapy with trastuzumab and lapatinib in treatment refractory, KRAS codon 12/13 wild type, HER2 positive metastatic colorectal cancer (HERACLES) a proof of concept, multicentre, open label, phase 2 trial.
Venue: The Lancet. Oncology

We previously found that dual HER2 blockade with trastuzumab and lapatinib led to inhibition of tumour growth in patient derived xenografts of HER2 amplified metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the antitumour activity of trastuzumab and lapatinib in patients with HER2 positive colorectal cancer. METHODS HERACLES was a proof of concept, multicentre, open label, phase 2 trial done at four Italian academic cancer centres. We enrolled adult patients with KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13) wild type and HER2 positive metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard of care (including cetuximab or panitumumab) an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and at least one measurable lesion. We defined HER2 positivity in tumour samples by use of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation in accordance with our previously validated colorectal cancer specific diagnostic criteria. Eligible patients received intravenous trastuzumab at 4 mg/kg loading dose followed by 2 mg/kg once per week, and oral lapatinib at 1000 mg per day until evidence of disease progression. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an objective response (defined as complete response or partial response) which was assessed by independent central review in the intention to treat population.  Between Aug 27, 2012, and May 15, 2015, we screened 914 patients with KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13) wild type metastatic colorectal cancer and identified 48 (5% patients with HER2 positive tumours, although two died before enrolment. Of these patients, 27 were eligible for the trial. All were evaluable for response. At the time of data cutoff on Oct 15, 2015, with a median follow up of 94 weeks (IQR 51 127) eight (30% 95% CI 14 50) of 27 patients had achieved an objective response, with one patient (4% 95% CI 3 to 11) achieving a complete response, and seven (26% 95% CI 9 43) achieving partial responses; 12 (44% 95% CI 25 63) patients had stable disease. Six (22% of 27 patients had grade 3 adverse events, which consisted of fatigue in four patients, skin rash in one patient, and increased bilirubin concentration in one patient. No grade 4 or 5 adverse events were reported. We detected no drug related serious adverse events.  The combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib is active and well tolerated in treatment refractory patients with HER2 positive metastatic colorectal cancer.
Real Time Global Localization of Robotic Cars in Lane Level via Lane Marking Detection and Shape Registration
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems

In this paper, we propose an accurate and real time positioning method for robotic cars in urban environments. The proposed method uses a robust lane marking detection algorithm, as well as an efficient shape registration algorithm between the detected lane markings and a GPS based road shape prior, to improve the robustness and accuracy of the global localization of a robotic car. We show that, by formulating the positioning problem in a relative sense, we can estimate the global localization of a car in real time and bound its absolute error in the centimeter level by a cross validation scheme. The cross validation scheme integrates the vision based lane marking detection with the shape registration, and it improves the accuracy and robustness of the overall localization system. The GPS localization can be refined by using lane marking detection when the GPS suffers from frequent satellite signal masking or blockage, whereas lane marking detection is validated and completed by the GPS based road shape prior when it does not work well in adverse weather conditions or with poor lane signatures. We extensively evaluate the proposed method with a single forward looking camera mounted on an autonomous vehicle that travels at 60 km/h through several urban street scenes.
A modified iterative closest point algorithm for shape registration
Venue: Optical Engineering Applications

The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is one of the most popular approaches to shape registration. The algorithm starts with two point clouds and an initial guess for a relative rigid body transformation between them. Then it iteratively refines the transformation by generating pairs of corresponding points in the clouds and by minimizing a chosen error metric. In this work, we focus on accuracy of the ICP algorithm. An important stage of the ICP algorithm is the searching of nearest neighbors. We propose to utilize for this purpose geometrically similar groups of points. Groups of points of the first cloud, that have no similar groups in the second cloud, are not considered in further error minimization. To minimize errors, the class of affine transformations is used. The transformations are not rigid in contrast to the classical approach. This approach allows us to get a precise solution for transformations such as rotation, translation vector and scaling. With the help of computer simulation, the proposed method is compared with common nearest neighbor search algorithms for shape registration.
Nonlinear 2D shape registration via thin plate spline and Lie group representation
Venue: Neurocomputing

Thin plate spline for robust point matching (TPS RPM) algorithm is a famous and widely used approach in nonlinear shape registration. In this paper, we improve this approach by adopting an alternatively iterative strategy of globally affine and locally nonlinear registration. Concretely, in the affine registration step, we apply the Lie group parameterization method to globally align two shapes to assume the global similarity. In which, some suitable constraints are introduced to improve the robustness of algorithm. Then, in the locally nonlinear deformation step, we apply the thin plate spline approach. By alternatively iterating these two steps, the proposed method not only preserves the advantages of spline methods, but also overcomes an overmatching phenomenon in shape registration. Finally, we test the proposed method on several conventional data sets with comparison of TPS RPM. The experimental results validate that our method is really effective for nonlinear shape registration as well as more robust.
Dual Learning for Machine Translation
Venue: NIPS

While neural machine translation (NMT) is making good progress in the past two years, tens of millions of bilingual sentence pairs are needed for its training. However, human labeling is very costly. To tackle this training data bottleneck, we develop a dual learning mechanism, which can enable an NMT system to automatically learn from unlabeled data through a dual learning game. This mechanism is inspired by the following observation: any machine translation task has a dual task, e.g. English to French translation (primal) versus French to English translation (dual) the primal and dual tasks can form a closed loop, and generate informative feedback signals to train the translation models, even if without the involvement of a human labeler. In the dual learning mechanism, we use one agent to represent the model for the primal task and the other agent to represent the model for the dual task, then ask them to teach each other through a reinforcement learning process. Based on the feedback signals generated during this process (e.g. the language model likelihood of the output of a model, and the reconstruction error of the original sentence after the primal and dual translations) we can iteratively update the two models until convergence (e.g. using the policy gradient methods) We call the corresponding approach to neural machine translation dual NMT. Experiments show that dual NMT works very well on English French translation; especially, by learning from monolingual data (with 10% bilingual data for warm start) it achieves a comparable accuracy to NMT trained from the full bilingual data for the French to English translation task.
Constructing efficient ion nanochannels in alkaline anion exchange membranes by the in situ assembly of a poly(ionic liquid) in metal organic frameworks

Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have triggered great interest in the energy field because they permit the use of non precious metal catalysts in fuel cells. It is of great significance to fabricate highly conductive AEMs by intensifying the ion transport within membranes through constructing ion nanochannels that provide efficient hydroxide ion transport. In this study, we propose a new approach to construct well organized ion nanochannels by the in situ assembly of a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) as the ion carrier within the highly ordered pores of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) The MOF membrane, prepared by a facile hot press method, exhibited a high conductivity of 36.6 mS cm 1 at a low ion concentration of 0.633 mmol cm 3 (20 degC) which is 6 orders of magnitude higher than that of the MIL 101 containing no poly(ionic liquid) Accordingly, the transport behavior of hydroxide ions was exploited, providing MOF membranes showing a high effective mobility of up to 6.597 x 10 4 cm2 s V 1 and a high transport hydroxide ion efficiency of up to 36.64% at 20 degC. The results imply that the efficiency of OH conduction in the PIL confined MOF is 113% higher than that of the H+ conduction in Nafion.
R v Awer and the Dangers of Science in Sheep's Clothing

Canadian courts regularly affirm their commitment to gatekeeping scientific evidence, saying it is fundamentally important to determine the admissibility of such evidence before it can impact the ultimate decision. The significance of gatekeeping is underscored by the fact that unreliable science has been at the heart of many high profile wrongful convictions. In fact, a leading study demonstrated that invalid forensic science was present in approximately 60% of wrongful convictions. But while pronouncements of commitment to gatekeeping are laudable, they are empty if not rigorously followed. In fact, a recent trend has seen a more permissive approach take hold, with scientific evidence characterized as "specialized knowledge" and evaluated primarily on the basis of the expert's qualifications. Exacerbating this issue, trial judges sitting alone are regularly more permissive in their gatekeeping role than those sitting with a jury. Both trends, which insulate scientific evidence from scrutiny, came to a head in a recent 2 1 decision of the Alberta Court of Appeal. In this case, R v Awer, the Crown's expert presented a theory about DNA transfer supported by his own previous informal observations and journal articles penned by a police crime lab (and of questionable reliability) Despite the Crown's characterization of the expert's testimony as science, the majority of the Court of Appeal characterized it as specialized knowledge, and refrained from any inquiry into how the expert performed his tests, his sample size, or any controls for bias. Similarly, despite characterizing the journal articles as science, the majority did not scrutinize them at all. As a result, two highly prejudicial forms of evidence were allowed to impact a critical legal decision with no analysis as to their reliability.
Well posedness of a conservation law with non local flux arising in traffic flow modeling
Venue: Numerische Mathematik

We prove the well posedness of entropy weak solutions of a scalar conservation law with non local flux arising in traffic flow modeling. The result is obtained providing accurate \mathbf {L^\infty $L, BV and \mathbf {L^1}$L1 estimates for the sequence of approximate solutions constructed by an adapted Lax Friedrichs scheme.
Application of waikato environment for knowledge analysis based artificial neural network models for wind speed forecasting
Venue: 2016 IEEE 7th Power India International Conference (PIICON)

The installation of wind turbine in a particular location in India is based on the wind speed prediction. The wind speed can be predicted using different models. The maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, ambient temperature, dew point temperature, atmospheric pressure, air pressure, vapor pressure, solar radiation, altitude, longitude, wind direction, mean sea level, relative humidity, time of the day, water vapor, wind power are the input variables to the artificial neural network (ANN) model which affects the accuracy of the wind speed prediction. Therefore, the selection of the most relevant input variables to the ANN model is necessary. With this objective, InfoGain Attribute Evaluator with Ranker Search Method using WEKA (a data mining implementation) is applied to find the most relevant input variables. Identified 8 relevant input variables are used as input to ANN model to predict the wind speed. The results obtained validates that the combination of input variables selected through InfoGain Attribute Evaluator gives higher prediction accuracy than any other combination of input variables. This method is used to predict the wind speed of wind turbine in Rajasthan, north west region of India.
Know where your clients are: subcellular localization and targets of calcium dependent protein kinases.
Venue: Journal of experimental botany

Calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are at the forefront of decoding transient Ca(2+ signals into physiological responses. They play a pivotal role in many aspects of plant life starting from pollen tube growth, during plant development, and in stress response to senescence and cell death. At the cellular level, Ca(2+ signals have a distinct, narrow distribution, thus requiring a conjoined localization of the decoders. Accordingly, most CDPKs have a distinct subcellular distribution which enables them to 'sense' the local Ca(2+ concentration and to interact specifically with their targets. Here we present a comprehensive overview of identified CDPK targets and discuss them in the context of kinase substrate specificity and subcellular distribution of the CDPKs. This is particularly relevant for calcium mediated phosphorylation where different CDPKs, as well as other kinases, were frequently reported to be involved in the regulation of the same target. However, often these studies were not performed in an in situ context. Thus, considering the specific expression patterns, distinct subcellular distribution, and different Ca(2+ affinities of CDPKs will narrow down the number of potential CDPKs for one given target. A number of aspects still remain unresolved, giving rise to pending questions for future research.
Commodification and the Lucy Phenomenon

"just a housewife," in the myriad of products tied to the series in the fifties (comic books, paper dolls, furniture, clothes) as a syndicated series, and in the nostalgic products popular today. At the core of the phenomenon is a juxtaposition of public and private embodied in both the character of Lucy and her creator, the popular public woman Lucille Ball. A textual reading of the episode "Lucy Does a TV Commercial" in the contexts of other aspects of the Lucy phenomenon (Ball's public persona, audience knowledge of the "real" marriage of Ball and Arnaz) and other popular articulations of gender and middle class life in the postwar era suggests how the Lucy phenomenon was framed by and broke the frames of commodification. Overall, the series offers consumption as the solution to Lucy's dissatisfaction, an example of the consumerist ethos thatpresentedprivate solutions to public problems. However, at the same time that the phenomenon participated in the mass consumer economy, the show's comedy played on conflicts and anxieties
A non enteric adenovirus A12 gastroenteritis outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Venue: Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

A gastroenteritis outbreak that occurred in 2013 in a low income community in Rio de Janeiro was investigated for the presence of enteric viruses, including species A rotavirus (RVA) norovirus (NoV) astrovirus (HAstV) bocavirus (HBoV) aichivirus (AiV) and adenovirus (HAdV) Five of nine stool samples (83% from patients were positive for HAdV, and no other enteric viruses were detected. Polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis, which revealed four strains and one strain of non enteric HAdV A12 and HAdV F41, respectively. The HAdV A12 nucleotide sequences shared 100% nucleotide similarity. Viral load was assessed using a TaqMan real time PCR assay. Stool samples that were positive for HAdV A12 had high viral loads (mean 1.9 X 107 DNA copies/g stool) All four patients with HAdV A12 were 25 months of age and had symptoms of fever and diarrhoea. Evaluation of enteric virus outbreaks allows the characterisation of novel or unique diarrhoea associated viruses in regions where RVA vaccination is routinely performed.
Report of data on children with non typhi Salmonella gastroenteritis in a three year period.
Venue: Le infezioni in medicina rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory data of children with acute gastroenteritis caused by non typhoid Salmonella spp. infections. Clinical (demographic data, symptoms and findings) and laboratory data (stool microscopy, rapid antigen tests, culture, multiplex polymerase chain reaction and blood test results) of children with acute gastroenteritis caused by non typhoid Salmonella spp. between January 2010 and October 2012 were evaluated. Differences between the groups for categorical variables were estimated with a chi square or Fisher exact test; for continuous variables with two independent samples a t test was used. P values 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Sixty seven children, 39 (58.2% males and 28 (41.8% females aged between 1 16 years (mean SD: 4.64 2.91) were diagnosed with acute bacterial gastroenteritis caused by non typhoid Salmonella spp. The main serotypes are Salmonella enteritidis (85% and Salmonella typhimurium (7.5% The presenting symptoms were diarrhoea (95.5% fever (61.1% vomiting (34.3% abdominal pain (32.8% loss of appetite (7.4% and malaise (7.4% Fever and dehydration (moderate and/or severe) were detected in 11 (16.4% patients. The mean leukocyte count was 10.930/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) SD: 5.710/mL] neutrophil count was 7.880/mL (95% CI, SD: 4.960/mL) CRP was 64.16 mg/L (95% CI, SD: 76.24 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 34.72 mm/hour (95% CI, SD: 13.64 mm/h) Stool microscopy was positive for leukocytes in 18 patients (26.8% The definitive diagnosis was made with positive stool culture (n 65) and/or PCR test (n 4) Viral antigen positivity was detected in 10 patients (14.9% evaluated as viral co infection and false positive results. Antibiotic therapy and hospitalization were required in 26 (38.8% and 23 (34.3% patients, respectively. Salmonella carriage was detected in one patient (1.5% Bloody diarrhoea, leukocytes in stool with an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a CRP level without overt leukocytosis may indicate Salmonella infection. Viral antigens may cause false positive results in fast antigen tests in cases where clinical and laboratory findings indicate bacterial aetiology. Stool culture is a reference method in diagnosis whereas some agents may be detected via molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction) in spite of negative culture. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction may be used to detect Salmonella spp. and may reveal false positivity for viruses as well as the detection of other bacteria.
Single phase inverter for solar energy conversion controlled with DSpace DS1104
Venue: 2016 IEEE 22nd International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME)

The present paper presents a system intended to be used in the development of photovoltaic inverters with maximum power point tracking capability. A simulation model was implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and an experimental model composed of a DSpace 1104 controller board, a Semikron inverter, a coupling transformer, an LC filter and two 75W solar panels was developed. The system facilitates the development and testing of digital control and MPPT algorithms for single phase inverters connected to the utility grid.
Abundance and diversity of sea cucumbers in point pedro coastal waters in Jaffna peninsula of Sri Lanka

Sea cucumbers are fascinating and commercially valuable species belong to Class Holothuroidea. The present study was conducted with the aim of documenting the species composition and diversity of sea cucumber population in Point Pedro coastal area of Jaffna peninsula. The investigation was carried out from May 2014 to June 2015 at two study sites namely Viyaparimuli and Munnai. Sea cucumbers were collected within random transects areas of 4 m width and 100 m length. All the sea cucumbers were brought to the laboratory and identified up to species level based on the morphological characters and spicule preparation. Standard ecological parameters such as Simpson's Index (D) Shannon index (H) and Evenness index (J) were estimated. A total of four species belong to the Order Aspidochirotida and two each representing Family Holothuriidae and Family Stichopodidae were identified. Among them Holoturiaatra was the dominant species contributing 46.46% of the population followed by S. horrens S. herrmanni H. leucospilota representing 32.78% 17.16% and 3.60% respectively. The presence of S. horrens S. herrmanni H. leucospilota were recorded for the first time in Point Pedro area. According to diversity indices, maximum species diversity, richness and evenness were reported at Munnai site compared to Viyaparimoolai site. The information and observations in this study will be of use in formulating management policies for the sea cucumber fishery in the Point Pedro coastal area.
Summarization of Related Work through Citations
Venue: 2016 12th International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids (SKG)

Automatically generating the related work section for a writing paper is useful for researchers as it can save a lot of time and avoid missing related works. The related work section of scientific paper usually introduces other researchers' work published before and makes comparisons with the current author's work. This paper proposes an approach to automatically generating related work by comparing the main text of the writing paper with the citations to the references from other papers. Our approach firstly collects the papers that cite the reference papers of the writing paper and extracts the corresponding citation sentences to form a citation document. It then makes a summarization that makes a comparison between the citation document and the writing paper's abstract, introduction and conclusion. It extracts the representative keywords from the citation document and the writing paper, and constructs a graph of the keywords. The discriminated nodes in the graph are figured out, and then the minimum Steiner tree that covers the nodes is extracted. A summary is generated by extracting the sentences covering the Steiner tree. The experiments show that our approach outperforms three baselines MEAD, ReWoS and ARWG according to ROUGE evaluation results.