nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Unsteady Edney Type IV and VII Shock Shock Interactions

Edney type IV and type VII shock shock interactions are complex hypersonic flow phenomena. They are characterized by a supersonic jet that reaches far into the flowfield. An experimental investigation of the inner jet structure is difficult, especially in cases where the jet is subject to high frequency unsteady movements. The present paper provides insight into the jet structure and its movement by means of a highly resolved computational fluid dynamics analysis in thermochemical nonequilibrium that significantly exceeds the resolution of existing publications. Simulations of an Edney type IV interaction in nitrogen flow are presented. Advanced adaptation strategies allow for the identification and analysis of the mechanisms of the jet unsteadiness, resulting in a new classification of the unsteady flowfield behavior with respect to the periodic jet movement. This classification is based not only on wall quantities, but also on the core flowfield. The computations are supplemented by a grid sensitivity s.
Cardiovascular effects, body composition, quality of life and pain after a Zumba fitness program in Italian overweight women.
Venue: The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness

The aim of this paper was to investigate the cardiovascular effects, body composition, quality of life and pain after a 12 week Zumba fitness program in a group of overweight women through an observational study, community physical activity program involving twenty seven overweight women (38.9+ 9.7 years) METHODS Cardiometabolic profile, body composition, quality of life and pain were assessed after a 12 week Zumba fitness program.  Significant improvements in body weight and BMI (71.5 vs. 74.2 kg, 28.02 vs. 29.1 kg/m2) in circumferences (arm: 27.9 vs. 30.3, waist: 80.1 vs. 83.9, hip: 102 vs. 107.4 cm) in fat and muscular mass (25.2 vs. 26.9, 34.4 vs. 27.2 kg) in intracellular (19 vs. 17.5 kg) and in extracellular water (14.9 vs. 16.8 kg) were recorded. A decrease in blood pressure was observed (118.3/69.4 vs. 125/75.5 mmHg) Cardiovascular response to the maximal exercise test showed a decrease in heart rate and in systolic blood pressure with an increase of work (118.9 vs. 116.7 watt) SF 36 showed variations in physical functioning (99.4 vs. 92.8) and in the limitation on the emotional role (88.9 vs. 66.6) With regards the Brief Pain Inventory SF, a decrease in pain severity and pain interference score was seen (0.5 vs. 1.6, 0.06 vs. 0.5) CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that Zumba fitness can be an effective way to obtain beneficial health effects and that it can also be recommended for overweight women.
Human Milk Microbes Summary and Research Gaps

Previous chapters in this book have detailed the history, presence, origin, and variation in the complex ecosystem of bacteria found in human milk. Based on the variety of studies presented, it is clear that human milk is not sterile and instead is a potential bacterial inoculum to the infant. However, current methodologies for determining the presence, identification, and amount of bacterial taxa in milk may provide bias in what we know; this area remains a fertile realm of important investigation. Furthermore, variation of bacteria found in human milk has been related to a number of factors, including maternal genetics, body composition, nutrition, delivery mode, antibiotic use, and concentration and profile of human milk oligosaccharides. However, very little is known about whether these relationships are causal in nature. Additionally, there are many potential sources of the bacteria in milk including specific trafficking of bacteria from the maternal gastrointestinal tract, reverse flow from the infant's oral cavity, and migration from the skin of the breast. It is also likely that infants fed expressed human milk potentially receive other bacteria in their feedings from milk collection, storage, and suckling devices all of which are exposed to environmental bacteria. It is noteworthy that, to date, much of our knowledge regarding bacteria in human milk reflects the pathogenic properties of bacteria during mastitis, a state of mammary inflammation with significant impact on lactation success. The characteristics of the organisms causing mastitis and their relationship to other bacterial community members is an important field of study in our understanding of the human milk microbiome in healthy and ill women. Treatment and prevention of mastitis through probiotics may support lactation better than antibiotic therapy. In summary, the emerging field of the human milk microbiome represents a paradigm shift in terms of both maternal and infant health. As with the focus that has been placed on understanding the microbial communities in other niches of the human body, we recommend substantial resources be directed to understanding the human milk microbiome, its origins and variability, and how it is related to maternal and infant health around the globe.
Visible Light Photolabile, Charge Convertible Poly(ionic liquid) for Light degradable Films and Carbon Based Electronics.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

We report for the first time an innovative visible light photolabile poly(ionic liquid) (VP PIL) The as prepared VP PIL features low Tg (47 degC) good thermal stability (Td 284 degC) and solubility in ranges of polar solvents. Upon blue light irradiation ~452 nm) C O bonds of picolinuim units are photocleaved, and the charges of PILs are simultaneously converted from positive to negative. Taking full advantages of these excellent properties of VP PIL, a visible light degradable film for the first time is fabricated. Moreover, to demonstrate its applications in electronics, we prepared high quality VP PIL containing conductive ink for flexible interconnects and graphene electrodes for supercapacitors.
Retrieval of optical and physical properties of African dust from multiwavelength Raman lidar measurements during the SHADOW campaign in Senegal

West Africa and the adjacent oceanic regions are very important locations for studying dust properties and their influence on weather and climate. The SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) campaign is performing a multiscale and multilaboratory study of aerosol properties and dynamics using a set of in situ and remote sensing instruments at an observation site located at the IRD (Institute for Research and Development) in Mbour, Senegal (14deg N, 17deg W) In this paper, we present the results of lidar measurements performed during the first phase of SHADOW (study of SaHAran Dust Over West Africa) which occurred in March April 2015. The multiwavelength Mie Raman lidar acquired 3b 2a 1d measurements during this period. This set of measurements has permitted particle intensive properties, such as extinction and backscattering Angstrom exponents (BAE) for 355/532 nm wavelengths' corresponding lidar ratios and depolarization ratio at 532 nm, to be determined. The mean values of dust lidar ratios during the observation period were about 53 sr at both 532 and 355 nm, which agrees with the values observed during the SAMUM 1 and SAMUM 2 campaigns held in Morocco and Cabo Verde in 2006 and 2008. The mean value of the particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm was 30 4.5 however, during strong dust episodes this ratio increased to 35 5 which is also in agreement with the results of the SAMUM campaigns. The backscattering Angstrom exponent during the dust episodes decreased to 0.7, while the extinction Angstrom exponent, though negative, was greater than 0.2. Low values of BAE can likely be explained by an increase in the imaginary part of the dust refractive index at 355 nm compared to 532 nm. The dust extinction and backscattering coefficients at multiple wavelengths were inverted to the particle microphysics using the regularization algorithm and the model of randomly oriented spheroids. The analysis performed has demonstrated that the spectral dependence of the imaginary part of the dust refractive index may significantly influence the inversion results and should be taken into account.
Development of methodological approach to enterprise's financial strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of its strategic potential

The article presents research results of theoretical and methodological basis of financial strategy formation and mechanisms for implementation of Russian industrial enterprises to ensure their strategic development. The necessity of developing the industrial enterpriseaEUR(tm)s financial strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of its strategic potential. The authors propose a methodological approach to developing a financial strategy based on the analysis of the enterpriseaEUR(tm)s strategic potential by calculating the integrated index (SPt) which allows not only to analyze and evaluate the influence of factors internal and external environment, financial position and internal capacity of the enterprise, its strategic capabilities and competitiveness, but also to determine the best type of financial strategy. The results of the analysis showed that depending on the value of this indicator identifies five basic levels of strategic potential development (absolute, high, stable, unstable and critical levels) and the most appropriate types of financial strategies: aggressive or accelerated growth, moderate growth, conservative or defensive, crisis or financial stabilization strategy, survival or elimination. Under the proposed methodological approach, the method of comprehensive evaluation of the industrial enterpriseaEUR(tm)s strategic potential, outlining the priority areas for the implementation of the financial strategy.
Village banks: a financial strategy for developing the South African poor households

Access to financial services is a vital component of poverty alleviation, community and individual development. The major constraint experienced by poor South African households is lack of financial support emanating from systemic weaknesses of the formal financial institutions which include lack of infrastructural facilities, high transaction costs and traditional collateral. The objective of this study is to propose a financial strategy that would improve access to financial services and develop the poor households in South Africa. The research is literature based since it draws on a wide range of academic literature that documents village/community banks and financing the poor. International best practices which are equally important and crucial are used to identify financial inclusion strategy that alleviates the need for collateral and high transaction costs in financial transactions. The study reveals that village banks create access to basic financial services to the poor households on a sustainable basis through community/village mutual trust, relationships, accountability, perfect knowledge, customs and participation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that village banks be established and supported adequately and used as a financial inclusion strategy for developing the poor households in South Africa.
An introduction to the statistical physics of active matter: motility induced phase separation and the "generic instability" of active gels

In this work we review some statistical physics techniques to coarse grain active matter systems, writing down a set of continuum fields which track the evolution of macroscopic fields such as density, momentum, etc. While the method can be applied in general, we will focus here on two simple and by now well studied, active matter examples. First, we will consider motility induced phase separation, the phenomenon by which a concentrated suspension of self propelled particles spontaneously separates into a dense and a dilute phase. Second, we will review the so called "generic instability" of active gels, which refers to the nonequilibrium phase transition between a quiescent and a spontaneously flowing phase in a concentrated suspension of rodlike active particles. For both these cases, we also outline recent developments in the literature.
"Here you can use it" Understanding mobile phone sharing and the concerns it elicits in rural Kenya

Globally, mobile phones are mostly used as personal items largely due to their data storage and services provision. However, various features enable mobile phone sharing and this subverts the notion of a single individual use. In cultures where communal sharing is valued and seen as normal, it is natural for mobile phones to be incorporated into other traditionally shared support systems, such as meetings summoned by elders, which involve social, economic, cultural and political activities. This paper draws on a recent doctoral thesis to examine the role of mobile telephony in the social transformation and development of Marakwet, a sub ethnic group of the Kalenjin community in the Rift Valley region of western Kenya. The paper argues that the adoption and domestication of mobile telephony is both innovative and a source of problems for the Marakwet, depending on how the device is used in everyday life. The paper shows that while mobile phone sharing amongst the Marakwet is the most preferred practice, privacy and data security are key concerns among users.
Cyber Physical System Security of a Power Grid: State of the Art

As part of the smart grid development, more and more technologies are developed and deployed on the power grid to enhance the system reliability. A primary purpose of the smart grid is to significantly increase the capability of computer based remote control and automation. As a result, the level of connectivity has become much higher, and cyber security also becomes a potential threat to the cyber physical systems (CPSs) In this paper, a survey of the state of the art is conducted on the cyber security of the power grid concerning issues of: (1) the structure of CPSs in a smart grid; (2) cyber vulnerability assessment; (3) cyber protection systems; and (4) testbeds of a CPS. At Washington State University (WSU) the Smart City Testbed (SCT) has been developed to provide a platform to test, analyze and validate defense mechanisms against potential cyber intrusions. A test case is provided in this paper to demonstrate how a testbed helps the study of cyber security and the anomaly detection system (ADS) for substations.
PowerCyber: A remotely accessible testbed for Cyber Physical security of the Smart Grid
Venue: 2016 IEEE Power Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)

Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) security testbeds serve as a platform for evaluating and validating novel CPS security tools and technologies, accelerating the transition of state of the art research to industrial practice. The engineering of CPS security testbeds requires significant investments in money, time and modeling efforts to provide a scalable, high fidelity, real time attack defense platform. Therefore, there is a strong need in academia and industry to create remotely accessible testbeds that support a range of use cases pertaining to CPS security of the grid, including vulnerability assessments, impact analysis, product testing, attack defense exercises, and operator training. This paper describes the implementation architecture, and capabilities of a remote access and experimental orchestration framework developed for the PowerCyber CPS security testbed at Iowa State University (ISU) The paper then describes several engineering challenges in the development of such remotely accessible testbeds for Smart Grid CPS security experimentation. Finally, the paper provides a brief case study with some screenshots showing a particular use case scenario on the remote access framework.
Deep Cross Residual Learning for Multitask Visual Recognition
Venue: ACM Multimedia

Residual learning has recently surfaced as an effective means of constructing very deep neural networks for object recognition. However, current incarnations of residual networks do not allow for the modeling and integration of complex relations between closely coupled recognition tasks or across domains. Such problems are often encountered in multimedia applications involving large scale content recognition. We propose a novel extension of residual learning for deep networks that enables intuitive learning across multiple related tasks using cross connections called cross residuals. These cross residuals connections can be viewed as a form of in network regularization and enables greater network generalization. We show how cross residual learning (CRL) can be integrated in multitask networks to jointly train and detect visual concepts across several tasks. We present a single multitask cross residual network with >40% less parameters that is able to achieve competitive, or even better, detection performance on a visual sentiment concept detection problem normally requiring multiple specialized single task networks. The resulting multitask cross residual network also achieves better detection performance by about 10.4% over a standard multitask residual network without cross residuals with even a small amount of cross task weighting.
Two hepcidins from spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) possess antibacterial and antiviral functions in vitro.
Venue: Fish shellfish immunology

Hepcidins are small cysteine rich antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in host immunity against pathogenic organisms. In this study, two hepcidins, SA hepcidin1 and SA hepcidin2, were cloned from spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) and the tissue distributions of SA hepcidins were determined. In addition, mature SA hepcidin peptides were synthesized to allow evaluation of their antimicrobial and antiviral functions in vitro. SA hepcidin1 belongs to the HAMP1 class and is widely expressed in all tested tissues from spotted scat, whereas SA hepcidin2 belongs to the HAMP2 class and present only in the liver. The synthetic SA hepcidins had similar levels of antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria; however, the antibacterial activity of SA hepcidin1 was stronger than that of SA hepcidin2. The antiviral activities of the synthetic SA hepcidins were assessed against Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides reovirus (MsReV) in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) and grass carp fin (GCF) cells. SA hepcidin2 had antiviral activity, but SA hepcidin1 did not. The results of this study suggest that SA hepcidins are important multifunctional proteins in the spotted scat immune system that are involved in resistance to various pathogens.
Accumulative eschar after burn
Venue: Clinical case reports

Eschar formation is a potential sequela of burn injuries. Definitive management may include escharectomy and eschar debridement. After eschar removal, the wound can be covered with a skin graft or reepithelialization. For prolonged refractory eschar on the fingertips, topical use of rb bFGF after debridement can achieve an optimal outcome.
Differences in the origins of kinetochore positive and kinetochore negative micronuclei: A live cell imaging study.
Venue: Mutation research

Micronuclei (MNi) are extensively used to evaluate genotoxicity and chromosomal instability. Classification of kinetochore negative (K MNi) and kinetochore positive micronuclei (K+MNi) improves the specificity and sensitivity of the micronucleus (MN) test; however, the fundamental differences in the origins of K MNi and K+MNi have not been addressed due to the limitations of traditional methods. In the current study, HeLa CENP B GFP H2B mCherry cells were constructed in which histone 2B (H2B) and centromere protein B (CENP B) were expressed as fusion proteins to monomeric Cherry (mCherry) and EGFP, respectively. MNi were identified using H2B mCherry; K+MN contained CENP B GFP, while K MN did not. Long term live cell imaging was conducted to examine MN formation in the dual color fluorescent HeLa cells. The results suggested that K MNi were derived from kinetochore negative displaced chromosomes (K DCs) kinetochore negative lagging chromosomes (K LCs) and fragments of broken chromosome bridges (CBs) during late mitotic stages. The results also indicated that K+MNi are derived from kinetochore positive displaced chromosomes (K+DCs) kinetochore positive lagging chromosomes (K+LCs) and fragments of broken CBs. Different aberrant chromosomes emerged during mitosis at different frequencies and developed into K MNi and/or K+MNi in the daughter cells at different rates. K+LCs formed K+MNi at a higher frequency than K+DCs, and K LCs formed K MNi at a higher rate than K DCs; however, broken CBs transformed into K MNi and/or K+MNi. In summary, these results show that K MNi and K+MNi have different origins in HeLa cells and that each mechanism of MN formation contributes differently to the overall number of K MNi and K+MNi.
An efficient Hough transform for multi instance object recognition and pose estimation
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

Generalized Hough transform, when applied to object detection, recognition and pose estimation, can be susceptible to spurious voting depending on the Hough space to be used and hypotheses to be voted. This often necessitates additional computational steps like non maxima suppression and geometric consistency checks, which can be costly and prevent voting based methods from being precise and scalable for large numbers of target classes and crowded scenes. In this paper, we propose an efficient and refined Hough transform for simultaneous detection, recognition and exact pose estimation, which can efficiently accommodate up to multiple tens of co visible query instances and multiple thousands of visually similar classes. Specifically, we match SURF features from a given query image to a database of model features with known poses, and in contrast to existing techniques, for each matched pair, we analytically compute a concise set of 6 degrees of freedom pose hypotheses, for which the geometric relationship of the correspondence remains invariant. We also introduce an indirect but equivalent representation for those correspondence specific poses, termed as feature aligning affine transformations, which results in a Hough voting scheme as cheap and refined as line drawing in raster grids. Owing to minimized voting redundancy, we can obtain a very sparse and stable Hough image, which can be readily used to read off instances and poses without dedicated steps of non maxima suppression and geometric verification. Experimented on an extensive Grocery Products dataset, our method significantly outperforms the sate of the art with near real time overall cost.
TRECVID 2016: Evaluating Video Search, Video Event Detection, Localization, and Hyperlinking
Venue: TRECVID

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