nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
B cell regulation of the anti tumor response and role in carcinogenesis
Venue: Journal of Immunotherapy for Cancer

The balance between immune effector cells such as T cells and natural killer cells, and immunosuppressive Treg cells, dendritic, myeloid and monocytic sub populations in the tumor microenvironment acts to calibrate the immune response to malignant cells. Accumulating evidence is pointing to a role for B cells in modulating the immune response to both solid tumors and hematologic cancer. Evidence from murine autoimmune models has defined B regulatory cell (Breg) subsets that express cytokines such as IL 10, TGF b, and/or express immune regulatory ligands such as PD L1, which can suppress T cell and/or natural killer cell responses. Multiple murine tumor models exhibit decreased tumor growth in B cell deficient or B cell depleted mice. In several of these models, B cells inhibit T cell mediated tumor immunity and/or facilitate conversion of T cells to CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regs, which act to attenuate the innate and/or adaptive antitumor immune response.Mechanisms of suppression include the acquisition of inhibitory ligand expression, and phosphorylation of Stat3, and induction of IL 10 and TGF b, resulting in a Breg phenotype. Breg suppressive activity may affect diverse cell subtypes, including T effector cells, NK cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and/or tumor associated macrophages. B cells may also directly promote tumorigenesis through recruitment of inflammatory cells, and upregulation of pro angiogenic genes and pro metastatic collagenases.Breg infiltration has now been identified in a variety of solid tumor malignancies including but not limited to ovarian, gastric, non small cell lung cancer, pancreatic, esophageal, head and neck, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Increasing evidence suggests that recruitment of B cells and acquisition of suppressive activity within the tumor bed may be an important mechanism through which B cells may modulate innate and/or adaptive anti tumor immunity. B cell depletion in the clinic using anti CD20 antibodies and/or inhibitors of BTK and/or other signaling pathways, may be a useful strategy for augmenting the anti tumor immune response.
Production of Aluminum with Low Temperature Fluoride Melts

Low cell operating temperature is desirable to minimize corrosion and promote long life of dimensionally stable anodes and cathodes. Eutectic NaF A1F3 melts, with and without added LiF AlF3 and KF A1F3, have been evaluated in 1 40 A laboratory cells at about 750degC over a period of four years with various values of the operating parameters. Particles of A12O3, suspended in the bath by O2 bubble evolution, dissolve in the anode boundary layer and prevent anode effect to greater than 2 A/cm2. Operation with multiple, vertical, monopolar anodes and cathodes at 0.5 A/cm2 each side promises a 20 fold decrease in cell volume compared to conventional H H cells, with an accompanying decrease in capital cost. Projected specific energy consumption is about 11 kwh/kg.
A MATLAB based Face Recognition System using

Automatic recognition of people is a challenging problem which has received much attention during recent years due to its many applications in different fields. Face recognition is one of those challenging problems and up to date, there is no technique that provides a robust solution to all situations. This paper presents a new technique for human face recognition. This technique uses an image based approach towards artificial intelligence by removing redundant data from face images through image compression using the two dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D DCT) The DCT extracts features from face images based on skin color. Featurevectors are constructed by computing DCT coefficients. A self organizing map (SOM) using an unsupervised learning technique is used to classify DCT based feature vectors into groups to identify if the subject in the input image is "present" or "not present" in the image database. Face recognition with SOM is carried out by classifying intensity values of grayscale pixels into different groups. Evaluation was performed in MATLAB using an image database of 25 face images, containing five subjects and each subject having 5 images with different facial expressions. After training for approximately 850 epochs the system achieved a recognition rate of 81.36% for 10 consecutive trials. The main advantage of this technique is its high speed processing capability and low computational requirements, in terms of both speed and memory utilization.  Face recognition, discrete cosine transform, self organizing map, neural network, artificial intelligence.
Active Adaptation of Expert Based Suggestions in Ladieswear Recommender System LookBooksClub via Reinforcement Learning

Fashion recommendation is one of the developing fields in e commerce. Many different types of recommender systems exist with their own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we create a recommender system for ladieswear that utilizes all recommender system approaches: collaborative filtering, content based, demographic based and knowledge based. Using stylists' suggestions, we created distance space for items, user clusters and connected item features to users' characteristics. Stylist initial ratings were used to solve the cold start problem. We adopted the Upper Conditional Bounds (UCB) algorithm for active selection of items which should be suggested. The system was designed with strong constraints dictated by the business process. The system worked for one month and estimated with 64 of "likes" received for its suggestions, while the well known Rocket Retail system shows only 55 of "likes" after five years of its use.
Assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River using metal chemical fractions and multivariate analysis techniques.
Venue: Chemosphere

Metal chemical fractions obtained by optimized BCR three stage extraction procedure and multivariate analysis techniques were exploited for assessing 7 heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn and Ni) in sediments from Gansu province, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions of the Yellow River in Northern China. The results indicated that higher susceptibility and bioavailability of Cr and Cd with a strong anthropogenic source were due to their higher availability in the exchangeable fraction. A portion of Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni in reducible fraction may be due to the fact that they can form stable complexes with Fe and Mn oxides. Substantial amount of Pb, Co, Ni and Cu was observed as oxidizable fraction because of their strong affinity to the organic matters so that they can complex with humic substances in sediments. The high geo accumulation indexes (I(geo) for Cr and Cd showed their higher environmental risk to the aquatic biota. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that high toxic Cr and Cd in polluted sites (Cd in S10, S11 and Cr in S13) may be contributed to anthropogenic sources, it was consistent with the results of dual hierarchical clustering analysis (DHCA) which could give more details about contributing sources.
Current state, sources, and potential risk of heavy metals in sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir, China.
Venue: Environmental pollution

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in sediments of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) is a particularly important issue for the safety of water quality due to the potential threats of metal toxicity to local and downstream human health. Surface sediments from riparian and submerged areas in the entire TGR mainstream were collected in 2014 to investigate the spatial distribution of HMs (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) identify their possible sources, and assess their potential risk by multiple indices and metal fraction. Results showed that the concentrations of HMs in the sediments increased after the TGR operation, but were lower than those in other Chinese rivers of developed areas. The acid soluble Cd accounted for more than 50% of total Cd in the sediments, whereas that of other HMs was very low. The Cd concentrations in the riparian sediments increased towards the dam; however, other metals in the riparian sediments and all HMs in the submerged sediments did not show any regular variation trend spatially. The stocks of HMs were significantly higher in the submerged sediments than in the riparian sediments. The high accumulation of HMs in the riparian sediments emerged between Fuling and Fengjie, and those in the submerged sediments existed in the near dam areas. Grain size and Fe/Mn oxides controlled the mobility and transfer of HMs in the sediments. Human activity in the catchment including industrial and agricultural production, shipping industry, mining, etc. increased inputs of HMs in the sediments, and altered their spatial distribution patterns. The sediments were moderately to highly contaminated by Cd, and slightly contaminated by other HMs. The results indicate the current priority of Cd contamination in the TGR, and will conduce to ecological protection in the TGR region.
Learning Additional Languages as Hierarchical Probabilistic Inference: Insights From First Language Processing.
Venue: Language learning

We present a framework of second and additional language (L2/Ln) acquisition motivated by recent work on socio indexical knowledge in first language (L1) processing. The distribution of linguistic categories covaries with socio indexical variables (e.g. talker identity, gender, dialects) We summarize evidence that implicit probabilistic knowledge of this covariance is critical to L1 processing, and propose that L2/Ln learning uses the same type of socio indexical information to probabilistically infer latent hierarchical structure over previously learned and new languages. This structure guides the acquisition of new languages based on their inferred place within that hierarchy, and is itself continuously revised based on new input from any language. This proposal unifies L1 processing and L2/Ln acquisition as probabilistic inference under uncertainty over socio indexical structure. It also offers a new perspective on crosslinguistic influences during L2/Ln learning, accommodating gradient and continued transfer (both negative and positive) from previously learned to novel languages, and vice versa.
UK guidelines for the management of Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016.
Venue: Journal of plastic, reconstructive aesthetic surgery JPRAS

The overall objective of the guideline is to provide up to date, evidence based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of the full spectrum of Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and SJS TEN overlap in adults during the acute phase of the disease. The document aims to.
Acute and Chronic Ophthalmic Involvement in Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. II. Ophthalmic Disease.
Venue: The ocular surface

Our purpose is to comprehensively review the state of the art with regard to Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with particular attention to improving the management of associated ocular surface complications. SJS and TEN are two ends of a spectrum of immune mediated disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. Part I of this review focused on the systemic aspects of SJS/TEN and was published in the January 2016 issue of this journal. The purpose of Part II is to summarize the ocular manifestations and their management through all phases of SJS/TEN, from acute to chronic. We hope this effort will assist ophthalmologists in their management of SJS/TEN, so that patients with this complex and debilitating disease receive the best possible care and experience the most optimal outcomes in their vision and quality of life.
Stevens Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis A Comprehensive Review and Guide to Therapy. I. Systemic Disease.
Venue: The ocular surface

The intent of this review is to comprehensively appraise the state of the art with regard to Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with particular attention to the ocular surface complications and their management. SJS and TEN represent two ends of a spectrum of immune mediated, dermatobullous disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. The widespread keratinocyte death seen in SJS/TEN is rapid and irreversible, and even with early and aggressive intervention, morbidity is severe and mortality not uncommon. We have divided this review into two parts. Part I summarizes the epidemiology and immunopathogenesis of SJS/TEN and discusses systemic therapy and its possible benefits. We hope this review will help the ophthalmologist better understand the mechanisms of disease in SJS/TEN and enhance their care of patients with this complex and often debilitating disease. Part II (April 2016 issue) will focus on ophthalmic manifestations.
Efecto de la interaccion entre el sexo y el peso sobre el comer emocional en adolescentes

Con el objetivo de conocer si el sexo y el peso influyen en el comer emocional de los adolescentes, se evaluo a 455 jovenes (269 hombres y 186 mujeres) con edades de entre 13 y 19 anos, mediante el Cuestionario de Emociones y Creencias acerca de la Alimentacion y el Peso. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad puntuan mas alto en el comer emocional, probablemente como estrategia de afrontamiento. Adicionalmente, se corroboro que el comer emocional es un predictor confiable del sobrepeso, pero unicamente en las mujeres.
A Zero Determinant Approach for Power Control of Multiple Wireless Operators in LTE Unlicensed
Venue: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

With increasing mobile data services in the wireless communication networks, the LTE unlicensed is put forward as an effective way to offload the crowded traffic in the licensed spectrum. However, when there are multiple wireless cellular operators (WCOs) sharing the common unlicensed spectrum together, how to manage the competitions among all WCOs while guaranteeing the performance of the Wi Fi networks still remains to be a technical challenge. In this paper, we model a layered power control game among all the WCOs and the Wi Fi access point (WAP) In the game, we first fix the behaviors of all the other WCOs and propose the zero determinant strategy for the power control of one considered WCO. Based on the predicted strategies of every WCO in all situations, all WCOs then play a non cooperative game and determine their optimal strategies to achieve the Nash equilibrium results. Simulation results show the correctness of the analysis and the high performance gain achieved with the proposed zero determinant strategies.
Intracoronary pressure measurement differences between anterior and posterior coronary territories
Venue: Herz

IntroductionIntracoronary pressure measurements have improved assessment of angiographic intermediate coronary stenoses. Methodically, pressure equalization and actual measurements are frequently performed at different height levels, depending on the particular coronary territory analyzed. Considering a hypothetical influence of hydrostatic pressure and the supine position of the patient, differences in the results of intracoronary measurements between anterior and posterior vessels seem likely. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of intracoronary pressure measurements between anterior and posterior coronary territories.MethodsIntracoronary pressure measurements of 214 coronary stenoses in 158 patients were analyzed. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) was measured in all stenosis and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR) in 197 stenoses in 144 patients.ResultsBoth FFR (0.79 vs. 0.87, p 0.001) and iFR values (0.86 vs. 0.94, p 0.001) were significantly higher in posterior compared to anterior coronary vessels. Patients with only anterior or posterior lesions did not differ regarding clinical or lesion characteristics, in particular coronary stenosis severity (62.5 vs. 61.6 p 0.27).ConclusionsResults of intracoronary measurements were systematically higher in the posterior coronary vessels when compared with anterior vessels. This phenomenon was independent of coronary stenosis severity or any clinical characteristics in our study population.ZusammenfassungEinleitungIntrakoronare Druckmessungen haben die Beurteilbarkeit angiographisch intermediarer Koronarstenosen verbessert. Abhangig vom untersuchten koronaren Versorgungsgebiet erfolgen Druckabgleich und tatsachliche Messung regelhaft auf unterschiedlichen Hohenniveaus. Unter Berucksichtigung eines hypothetischen Einflusses des hydrostatischen Drucks sowie der Ruckenlage des Patienten waren Unterschiede der Ergebnisse intrakoronarer Druckmessungen zwischen anterioren und posterioren Gefasse plausibel. Ziel dieser Studie war daher ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse intrakoronarer Druckmessungen zwischen anterioren und posterioren koronaren Versorgungsgebieten.MethodenIntrakoronare Druckmessungen an 214 Koronarstenosen von 158 Patienten wurden analysiert. Die fraktionelle Flussreserve (FFR) wurde bei allen Stenosen gemessen, die ,instantaneous wave free ratio" (iFR) bei 197 Stenosen von 144 Patienten.ErgebnisseSowohl FFR (0,79 vs. 0,87; p 0,001) als auch iFR Werte (0,86 vs. 0,94; p 0,001) waren signifikant hoher in posterioren als in anterioren Koronargefassen. Patienten mit ausschliesslich anterioren oder posterioren Lasionen unterschieden sich nicht hinsichtlich klinischer oder morphologischer Merkmale, insbesondere des Schweregrads der Koronarstenosen (62,5 vs. 61,6 p 0,27).SchlussfolgerungDie Ergebnisse intrakoronarer Druckmessungen sind in posterioren Koronargefassen systematisch hoher als in anterioren Gefassen. Dieses Phanomen war in unserer Studienpopulation unabhangig vom Schweregrad der Koronarstenose oder irgendeinem anderen klinischen Merkmal.
The Specifics of Social and Cultural Determination of the Current Economic Activity

The paper considers the problems of modern economic activities in the socio cultural context. We study the differences of methodological approaches to the specific understanding of the socio economic development (in the face of a materialist method of Marx and the method of interpretive sociology M. Weber) The conclusion is that at the present time there is awareness of the need for cultural, ethical and religious institutions in shaping economic behavior in the context of the methodology of Max Weber. The specific character of philosophical concepts which should underlie modern economic activity. It is noted that such philosophical categories as morality, human dimension, socio cultural specificity should be the basis of a modern economy. economic development philosophy appears as a philosophy of social wealth, access to, and use of the population for the development of human capital. Keywords economics, philosophy, society, morality JEL Classifications V41, Z13
Mixed Halide CH3 NH3 PbI3 x Xx (X=Cl, Br, I) Perovskites: Vapor Assisted Solution Deposition and Application as Solar Cell Absorbers.
Venue: Chemphyschem a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry

There have been recent reports on the formation of single halide perovskites, CH3 NH3 PbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) by means of vapor assisted solution processing. Herein, the successful formation of mixed halide perovskites (CH3 NH3 PbI3 x Xx by means of a vapor assisted solution method at ambient atmosphere is reported. The perovskite films are synthesized by exposing PbI2 film to CH3 NH3 X (X=I, Br, or Cl) vapor. The prepared perovskite films have uniform surfaces with good coverage, as confirmed by SEM images. The inclusion of chlorine and bromine into the structure leads to a lower temperature and shorter reaction time for optimum perovskite film formation. In the case of CH3 NH3 PbI3 x Clx the optimum reaction temperature is reduced to 100 degC, and the resulting phases are CH3 NH3 PbI3 (with trace Cl) and CH3 NH3 PbCl3 with a ratio of about 2:1. In the case of CH3 NH3 PbI3 x Brx single phase CH3 NH3 PbI2 Br is formed in a considerably shorter reaction time than that of CH3 NH3 PbI3 The mesostructured perovskite solar cells based on CH3 NH3 PbI3 films show the best optimal power conversion efficiency of 13.5 whereas for CH3 NH3 PbI3 x Clx and CH3 NH3 PbI3 x Brx the best recorded efficiencies are 11.6 and 10.5 respectively.
Intersexuality and Trans Identities within the Diversity Management Discourse

Within both the scientific discourse on workforce diversity, and diversity management practice, intersexuality and transgender issues have hitherto remained marginalized topics. This chapter gives an overview of the discourses on both phenomena, and proposes starting points for more inclusive organizational diversity management initiatives. It is shown that both topics represent different aspects of the category of "gender" The common practice of conceptually lumping together intersexuality, transgenderism, and sexual orientation can be seen as one important reason that intersexuality and transgenderism are rarely considered in organizational diversity management programs in terms of concrete action. Against this background, a modified, and more integrated approach to structuring the workforce alongside the different dimensions of diversity is proposed. It is shown that the categories of "biological sex and gender" "gender identity" and "sexual orientation" cannot be regarded as being separate from each other. They represent, rather, an interrelated organizational field of action that should be considered as being one interrelated topic for organizational diversity practices. This chapter derives this claim theoretically and discusses the consequences for organizational diversity management practices. For most organizations, this would mean a fundamental rethinking of their goals, in terms of workforce diversity, and the shaping of their diversity management programs.
Intersexuality and the 'Right to Bodily Integrity'

In 2013, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe passed a resolution on 'children's right to bodily integrity' In the resolution, concerns were expressed for about practices carried out on children without their formal consent. Among these practices, female genital cutting (FGC) non medical circumcision and 'normalizing' surgeries for intersex children were listed among these practices. As a result of the adoption of the resolution elicited, strong reactions, ensued especially from Jewish and Muslim communities, which widely practices male circumcision. Simultaneously, however, intersex activists welcomed the resolution, as it gave legitimacy to their long standing call to establish a common framework for the evaluation of all invasive medical and surgical practices on children carried out without their informed consent (Preves, 2005) This article uses an examination of the resolution to reflect on both the emerging concept of the 'right to bodily integrity' and on current developments in the field of intersex human rights in Europe. Firstly, the article considers the political process leading to the adoption of the resolution, in order to understand and appraise the limitations of the choice to use the framework of the right to bodily integrity to jointly address jointly issues of FGC, circumcision and intersex 'normalizing surgeries' jointly, without fully engaging with the cultural, religious and social factors underpinning each of these phenomena. Following this discussion, the article will further analyses the specific case of intersex rights, particularly in relation to the difficult balance between a medical and the juridical approach to intersexuality. This reflection will ultimately be useful to assess the role of the resolution in helping to subtract intersexuality from the sole gaze of medical practitioners at the advantage of a human rights approach which may best protect the interests of intersex children and adults.