nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Short term Suicide Risk After Psychiatric Hospital Discharge.
Venue: JAMA psychiatry

Importance Although psychiatric inpatients are recognized to be at increased risk for suicide immediately after hospital discharge, little is known about the extent to which their short term suicide risk varies across groups with major psychiatric disorders.  To describe the risk for suicide during the 90 days after hospital discharge for adults with first listed diagnoses of depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, and other mental disorders in relation to inpatients with diagnoses of nonmental disorders and the general population.  This national retrospective longitudinal cohort included inpatients aged 18 to 64 years in the Medicaid program who were discharged with a first listed diagnosis of a mental disorder (depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, and other mental disorder) and a 10% random sample of inpatients with diagnoses of nonmental disorders. The cohort included 770 643 adults in the mental disorder cohort, 1 090 551 adults in the nonmental disorder cohort, and 370 deaths from suicide from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2007. Data were analyzed from March 5, 2015, to June 6, 2016.  Suicide rates per 100 000 person years were determined for each study group during the 90 days after hospital discharge and the demographically matched US general population. Adjusted hazard ratios (ARHs) of short term suicide after hospital discharge were also estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Information on suicide as a cause of death was obtained from the National Death Index.  In the overall population of 1 861 194 adults (27% men; 73% women; mean [SD] age, 35.4  years) suicide rates for the cohorts with depressive disorder (235.1 per 100 000 person years) bipolar disorder (216.0 per 100 000 person years) schizophrenia (168.3 per 100 000 person years) substance use disorder (116.5 per 100 000 person years) and other mental disorders (160.4 per 100 000 person years) were substantially higher than corresponding rates for the cohort with nonmental disorders (11.6 per 100 000 person years) or the US general population (14.2 per 100 000 person years) Among the cohort with mental disorders, AHRs of suicide were associated with inpatient diagnosis of depressive disorder (AHR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4 2.8; reference cohort, substance use disorder) an outpatient diagnosis of schizophrenia (AHR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 2.2) an outpatient diagnosis of bipolar disorder (AHR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 2.1) and an absence of any outpatient health care in the 6 months preceding hospital admission (AHR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 2.5) Conclusions and Relevance After psychiatric hospital discharge, adults with complex psychopathologic disorders with prominent depressive features, especially patients who are not tied into a system of health care, appear to have a particularly high short term risk for suicide.
EL MIEDO COMO PREDICTOR DEL RENDIMIENTO ACADEMICO: EL CONTEXTO PLURICULTURAL DE CEUTA

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental conocer los predictores del miedo y el rendimiento academico del alumnado de la ciudad de Ceuta. Para ello, se conto con 1186 participantes, de 9 centros educativos distintos, que reflejan la pluriculturalidad de la ciudad. El 34% de la muestra correspondia a Centros de Educacion Infantil y Primaria (alumnado infantil) el 47% a Institutos de Ensenanza Secundaria (alumnado adolescente) y el restante 19% al ambito universitario (alumnado adulto) De todos ellos, el 57.8% son mujeres y el 42.2% varones. El 58.9% de la muestra fue de cultura/religion musulmana, mientras que el 41.1% eran cristianos. Por estatus, se observa un 15.2% correspondiente a un estatus bajo, un 31% medio bajo, un 43.2% medio y el restante 10.6% con un estatus alto. Como instrumentos de evaluacion se emplearon la adaptacion de Ascensio, Vila, Robles Garcia, Paez, Fresan y Vazquez (2012) del Inventario de Miedo para Ninos (FSSC II) y la de Matesanz (2006) del Inventario de Temores (FSS) junto con las calificaciones de los alumnos. Los resultados reflejan niveles medios de miedo y rendimiento. Los predictores del miedo son el genero y la edad, mientras que en el rendimiento academico influyen el miedo (asi como algunos de sus factores) el genero, la cultura y el estatus.  The main objective of this paper is to reflect the types and levels of fear and academic achievement (and the influence over each other) of students in the city of Ceuta. To make it possible we focused on 1186 participants from 9 different educational institutions that clearly reflect the city's pluricultural features. 34% of them were children, from "Educacion Infantil y Primaria" Centers, the 47% were teenagers that studied in highschools and the 19% were adults students from University, in the city of Ceuta. 42.2% of them are boys and 57.8% girls; 58.9% of the total are Muslims and 41.1% Christians. Considering status, we have a 15.2% from low status, a 31% mid low, a 43.2% medium and the remaining 10.6% with high status. The techniques used in this survey are FSSC II, adapted by Ascensio et al. (2012) the Matesanz (2006) adaptation of FSS as well as the children's grades. The results show medium levels on fear and achievement. The predictors of fear are gender and age. The predictors of academic achievement are fear and other fear's factors, gender, customs/religion and socioeconomic and cultural.
No causal link between changes in hand position sense and feeling of limb ownership in the rubber hand illusion
Venue: Attention, perception psychophysics

The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion in which participants experience an inanimate rubber hand as belonging to their own body. The illusion is elicited by synchronously stroking the rubber hand and the participant's real hand, which is hidden from sight. The feeling of owning the rubber hand is accompanied by changes in hand position sense (proprioception) so that when participants are asked to indicate the location of their (unseen) hand, they indicate that it is located closer to the rubber hand. This "proprioceptive drift" is the most widely used objective measure of the rubber hand illusion, and from a theoretical perspective, it suggests a close link between proprioception and the feeling of body ownership. However, the critical question of whether a causal relationship exists between changes in hand position sense and changes in limb ownership is unknown. Here we addressed this question by devising a novel setup that allowed us to mechanically manipulate the position of the participant's hand without the participant noticing, while the rubber hand illusion was being elicited. Our results showed that changing the sensed position closer to or farther away from the rubber hand did not change the strength of the rubber hand illusion. Thus, the illusion is not dependent on changes in hand position sense. This finding supports models of body ownership and central body representation that hold that proprioceptive drift and the subjective illusion are related to different central processes.
Temporal limits on rubber hand illusion reflect individuals' temporal resolution in multisensory perception
Venue: Cognition

Synchronous, but not asynchronous, multisensory stimulation has been successfully employed to manipulate the experience of body ownership, as in the case of the rubber hand illusion. Hence, it has been assumed that the rubber hand illusion is bound by the same temporal rules as in multisensory integration. However, empirical evidence of a direct link between the temporal limits on the rubber hand illusion and those on multisensory integration is still lacking. Here we provide the first comprehensive evidence that individual susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion depends upon the individual temporal resolution in multisensory perception, as indexed by the temporal binding window. In particular, in two studies we showed that the degree of temporal asynchrony necessary to prevent the induction of the rubber hand illusion depends upon the individuals' sensitivity to perceiving asynchrony during visuo tactile stimulation. That is, the larger the temporal binding window, as inferred from a simultaneity judgment task, the higher the level of asynchrony tolerated in the rubber hand illusion. Our results suggest that current neurocognitive models of body ownership can be enriched with a temporal dimension. Moreover, our results suggest that the different aspects of body ownership operate over different time scales.
Decreased motor cortex excitability mirrors own hand disembodiment during the rubber hand illusion
Venue: eLife

During the rubber hand illusion (RHI) subjects experience an artificial hand as part of their own body, while the real hand is subject to a sort of 'disembodiment' Can this altered belief about the body also affect physiological mechanisms involved in body ownership, such as motor control? Here we ask whether the excitability of the motor pathways to the real (disembodied) hand are affected by the illusion. Our results show that the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials recorded from the real hand is significantly reduced, with respect to baseline, when subjects in the synchronous (but not in the asynchronous) condition experience the fake hand as their own. This finding contributes to the theoretical understanding of the relationship between body ownership and motor system, and provides the first physiological evidence that a significant drop in motor excitability in M1 hand circuits accompanies the disembodiment of the real hand during the RHI experience. DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14972.001
Linear size suffix tries
Venue: Theor. Comput. Sci.

Suffix trees are highly regarded data structures for text indexing and string algorithms MCreight 76, Weiner 73. For any given string w of length n w a suffix tree for w takes O n nodes and links. It is often presented as a compacted version of a suffix trie for w, where the latter is the trie (or digital search tree) built on the suffixes of w. Here the compaction process replaces each maximal chain of unary nodes with a single arc. For this, the suffix tree requires that the labels of its arcs are substrings encoded as pointers to w (or equivalent information) On the contrary, the arcs of the suffix trie are labeled by single symbols but there can be z n 2 nodes and links for suffix tries in the worst case because of their unary nodes. It is an interesting question if the suffix trie can be stored using O n nodes. We present the linear size suffix trie, which guarantees O n nodes. We use a new technique for reducing the number of unary nodes to O n that stems from some results on antidictionaries. For instance, by using the linear size suffix trie, we are able to check whether a pattern p of length m p occurs in w in O m log z S time and we can find the longest common substring of two strings w 1 and w 2 in O w 1 w 2 log z S time for an alphabet S.
Global Real Time Memory Centric Scheduling for Multicore Systems
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers

As the number of cores increases, more master components can simultaneously access main memory. In real time systems, this ongoing trend is leading to crippling pessimism when computing the worst case cache miss time, since a memory request could potentially contend with other requests coming from every other core in the system. CPU centric scheduling policies, therefore, are no longer sufficient to guarantee schedulability without introducing unacceptable pessimism for memory intensive task sets. For this reason, we believe a shift is needed towards real time scheduling approaches that can prevent timing interference from memory contention, while still making efficient use of the multicore platform. Previously, we have demonstrated the practicality of the PREM task model, where each job consists of a sequence of phases, some of which access memory and some of which perform only computation on cached data. In this work, we present the first global memory centric scheduling policy for memory intensive task sets whose jobs can be modeled as a sequence of memory intensive (memory phase) and execution intensive (execution phase) phases. The proposed policy is parameterizable based on the number of cores which are allowed to concurrently access main memory without saturating it. Building upon results from multicore response time analysis, we introduce the notion of virtual memory cores as a fundamental technique for performing phase based response time analysis for memory intensive task sets. Finally, we use synthetic task set generation to demonstrate that proposed scheduling policy and related schedulability bound do indeed better schedule memory intensive task sets when compared to state of art multicore scheduling.
Global Scheduling Not Required: Simple, Near Optimal Multiprocessor Real Time Scheduling with Semi Partitioned Reservations
Venue: 2016 IEEE Real Time Systems Symposium (RTSS)

Prior work has identified several optimal algorithms for scheduling independent, implicit deadline sporadic (or periodic) real time tasks on identical multiprocessors. These algorithms, however, are subject to high conceptual complexity and typically incur considerable runtime overheads. This paper establishes that, empirically, near optimal schedulability can also be achieved with a far simpler approach that combines three well known techniques (reservations, semi partitioned scheduling, and period transformation) with some novel task placement heuristics.In large scale schedulability experiments, the proposed approach is shown to achieve near optimal hard real time schedulability (99+ schedulable utilization) across a wide range of processor and task counts. With an implementation in LITMUSRT, the proposed approach is shown to be practical and to incur only low runtime overheads, comparable to a conventional partitioned scheduler. It is further shown that basic slack management techniques can help to avoid more than 50% of all migrations of semi partitioned reservations if tasks execute on average for less than their provisioned worst case execution time.Two main conclusions are drawn: pragmatically speaking, global scheduling is not required to support static workloads of independent, implicit deadline sporadic (or periodic) tasks; and since such simple workloads are well supported, future research on multiprocessor real time scheduling should consider more challenging workloads (e.g. adaptive workloads, dynamic task arrivals or mode changes, shared resources, precedence constraints, etc.
A modified homotopy perturbation method for singular time dependent Emden Fowler equations with boundary conditions
Venue: Journal of Mathematical Chemistry

In this paper, we propose a new modification of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) for solving nonlinear and singular time dependent Emden Fowler types equations with the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. We first transform the singular problem into an equivalent integral equation, and we then apply the HPM to obtain approximate series solution. This new modified HPM will be used without unknown constants while computing the successive solution components, and we also avoid solving a sequence of transcendental equations for the determination of the unknown constants. Moreover, the proposed technique is reliable enough to overcome the difficulty of the singular point at $x=0$$x=0. Four illustrative examples are examined to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method.
Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and DNA Repair in Female Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Venue: PloS one

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is associated with oxidative stress which in turn can lead to DNA damage. The aim of the present study was to analyze oxidative stress, DNA damage and DNA repair in regard to hyperglycemic state and diabetes duration.  Female T2DM patients (n 146) were enrolled in the MIKRODIAB study and allocated in two groups regarding their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (HbA1c<=7.5% n 74; HbA1c>7.5% n 72) In addition, tertiles according to diabetes duration (DD) were created (DDI 6.94+ 3.1 y, n 49; DDII 13.35+ 1.1 y, n 48; DDIII 22.90+ 7.3 y, n 49) Oxidative stress parameters, including ferric reducing ability potential, malondialdehyde, oxidized and reduced glutathione, reduced thiols, oxidized LDL and F2 Isoprostane as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured. Damage to DNA was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood with single cell gel electrophoresis. DNA base excision repair capacity was tested with the modified comet repair assay. Additionally, mRNA expressions of nine genes related to base excision repair were analyzed in a subset of 46 matched individuals.  No significant differences in oxidative stress parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, damage to DNA and base excision repair capacity, neither between a HbA1c cut off >7.5% nor between diabetes duration was found. A significant up regulation in mRNA expression was found for APEX1, LIG3 and XRCC1 in patients with >7.5% HbA1c. Additionally, we observed higher total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Framingham risk score, systolic blood pressure, BMI and lower HDL cholesterol in the hyperglycemic group.  BMI, blood pressure and blood lipid status were worse in hyperglycemic individuals. However, no major disparities regarding oxidative stress, damage to DNA and DNA repair were present which might be due to good medical treatment with regular health checks in T2DM patients in Austria.
Publicly Available Online Tool Facilitates Real Time Monitoring Of Vaccine Conversations And Sentiments.
Venue: Health affairs

Real time monitoring of mainstream and social media can inform public health practitioners and policy makers about vaccine sentiment and hesitancy. We describe a publicly available platform for monitoring vaccination related content, called the Vaccine Sentimeter. With automated data collection from 100,000 mainstream media sources and Twitter, natural language processing for automated filtering, and manual curation to ensure accuracy, the Vaccine Sentimeter offers a global real time view of vaccination conversations online. To assess the system's utility, we followed two events: polio vaccination in Pakistan after a news story about a Central Intelligence Agency vaccination ruse and subsequent attacks on health care workers, and a controversial episode in a television program about adverse events following human papillomavirus vaccination. For both events, increased online activity was detected and characterized. For the first event, Twitter response to the attacks on health care workers decreased drastically after the first attack, in contrast to mainstream media coverage. For the second event, the mainstream and social media response was largely positive about the HPV vaccine, but antivaccine conversations persisted longer than the provaccine reaction. Using the Vaccine Sentimeter could enable public health professionals to detect increased online activity or sudden shifts in sentiment that could affect vaccination uptake.
Enrichment and Preservation of Architectural Knowledge
Venue: 3D Research Challenges in Cultural Heritage

In the context of the EU FP7 DURAARK project (2013 2016) inter disciplinary methods, technologies and tools have been researched and developed, that support the Long Term Preservation of semantically enriched digital representations of built structures. The results of the research efforts include approaches of semi automatically deriving building models from point cloud data sets acquired from laser scans and the integration and overlay of such representations with explicit Building Information Models (BIM) We introduce novel ways for the further semantic enrichment of such hybrid building models with contextual data and vocabularies from external resources using Linked Data (LD) and the recognition relevant features and building components. A special focus of the research reported here lies on strategies and policies for their long term archival, information retrieval based on rich semantic metadata and the use of such archival systems in research and commercial scenarios. We introduce a set of prototypical, open source tools implementing these features that have been integrated into a modular preservation framework called the "DURAARK Workbench"
A meta analysis update on the effectiveness of early self control improvement programs to improve self control and reduce delinquency

ObjectiveTo update Piquero et al.'s (Justice Quarterly 27:803 834, 2010) meta analysis on early self control improvement programs.MethodsScreening of eligible studies was carried out for the period between January 2010 and September 2015. An additional seven studies were identified, which were added to the original database of 34 studies, totaling an overall sample of 41 eligible studies. A random effects model was used to obtain an overall mean effect size estimate. Additional analyses were performed to assess publication bias and moderation.ResultsOverall average, positive, and significant effect sizes were observed for improving self control (0.32) and reducing delinquency (0.27) There was evidence of publication bias for the self control improvement outcomes, as well as some evidence of moderation for both self control improvement and delinquency outcomes.ConclusionsEarly self control improvement programs are an effective evidence based strategy for improving self control and reducing delinquency.
The Radical Pair Mechanism of Magnetoreception.
Venue: Annual review of biophysics

Although it has been known for almost half a century that migratory birds can detect the direction of the Earth's magnetic field, the primary sensory mechanism behind this remarkable feat is still unclear. The leading hypothesis centers on radical pairs magnetically sensitive chemical intermediates formed by photoexcitation of cryptochrome proteins in the retina. Our primary aim here is to explain the chemical and physical aspects of the radical pair mechanism to biologists and the biological and chemical aspects to physicists. In doing so, we review the current state of knowledge on magnetoreception mechanisms. We dare to hope that this tutorial will stimulate new interdisciplinary experimental and theoretical work that will shed much needed additional light on this fascinating problem in sensory biology.
Cardioprotective mechanism of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Venue: Journal of cardiology

Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are widely regarded as cardioprotective. Several large scale, randomized clinical trials have shown that dietary intake of omega 3 PUFAs improves the prognosis of patients with symptomatic heart failure or recent myocardial infarction. Therefore, dietary consumption of omega 3 PUFA is recommended in international guidelines for the general population to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) However, the precise mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of omega 3 PUFAs are not fully understood. Omega 3 PUFAs can be incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes and can affect membrane fluidity, lipid microdomain formation, and signaling across membranes. Omega 3 PUFAs also modulate the function of membrane ion channels, such as Na and L type Ca channels, to prevent lethal arrhythmias. Moreover, omega 3 PUFAs also prevent the conversion of arachidonic acid into pro inflammatory eicosanoids by serving as an alternative substrate for cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase, resulting in the production of less potent products. In addition, a number of enzymatically oxygenated metabolites derived from omega 3 PUFAs were recently identified as anti inflammatory mediators. These omega 3 metabolites may contribute to the beneficial effects against CVDs that are attributed to omega 3 PUFAs.