nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective urban transport planning using multi modal traffic simulations approach
Venue: 2016 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)

Multi modal transportation planning refers to traffic analysis that considers various modes of transportation mechanisms such as walking, cycling, motorcycles, private passenger vehicles, delivery cargo vehicles, public transportation modes like buses or trains, etc. Effective city traffic planning has become a challenging task involving complex behavioral analysis of multi modal traffic scenarios. New ventures of research solutions and effective multi modal traffic strategies should be explored to mitigate ever rising issues related to traffic congestion. Before new solutions are to be deployed on real traffic environments, it requires recurring experiments to be carried out and comprehensive testing cycles to be passed through. Hence, simulators play a crucial supporting role by emulating real environments during trials. In this paper, we investigate interdependencies and effects between different transportation modes by simulating pedestrian movements, different private transport modes and public transport avenues and propose an effective transport planning strategy using multi modal simulation approach. We have selected Colombo city in Sri Lanka as our study region and used SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) a well known microscopic traffic simulator for simulations. Our experiment results show that there are supporting strong evidences exist that interdependencies between multi modal transportation modes contribute significantly to effective urban traffic planning.
Mechanical strength and damage tolerance of highly porous alumina ceramics produced from sintered particle stabilized foams

Highly porous alumina particle stabilized foams were prepared by combining the concepts of particle stabilized foams and gelcasting, using sulfonate surfactants and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gelcasting polymer. The ceramic samples sintered at 1500 degC for 2 h had porosities from 65% to 93% with pore sizes in two categories: "big pore" around 300 mm and "small pore" around 100 150 mm, depending on the type and amount of surfactant added. The mechanical behaviour of the foams (axial and diametral compression) depended on the overall porosity and pore size. On average, tensile and compressive strengths around 5 and 16 MPa respectively were measured for samples with bigger pore sizes and larger porosities. Samples with smaller pore sizes and lower porosities produced average values of 12 and 57 MPa for tensile and compressive strengths, respectively. The elastic modulus reached a maximum around 3GPa for "small pore" size samples. The effect of increasing amount of PVA in the samples had a strong effect on the green mechanical strength, but it did not significantly affect the mechanical response of the sintered alumina foams. Large and complex shape sintered components produced using this route showed a remarkable damage tolerance, due to crack tip blunting.
Experiences among women with shame and self compassion in cardio based exercise classes

Although significant research has explored self conscious emotions, including shame, little has been done to examine shame in specific exercise settings, such as cardio based exercise classes, that may actually promote the experience of shame. Therefore, using Shame Resilience Theory (SRT) as a guiding framework, the purpose of this study was to examine experiences among women with shame, and the shame resistant attribute of self compassion, in exercise, as well as identify possible strategies for creating a climate in cardio based exercise classes that emphasises self compassion over shame. An interpretative phenomenological analysis epistemology and methodology was used to analyse, understand, and interpret the meaning and lived experiences of shame and self compassion among 15 women in cardio based exercise classes. From the data collected during individual interviews, three superordinate themes emerged for both shame 'I'm just not enough' 'There's something wrong with me; I don't belong here' and 'Shame moves in and takes over' and self compassion 'The importance of relationships' 'Self compassion makes me feel whole' and 'Self compassion is so hard, but it's worth it' and four superordinate themes emerged representing the proposed strategies for creating a self compassionate climate in cardio based exercise classes 'Talk about shame in the classroom' 'Create the right climate' 'Establish guidelines for instructors' and 'Learn to help yourself' The findings of this study identify the elements in an exercise class setting that promote shame experiences, are consistent with SRT and Neff's conceptualisation of self compassion, and provide support for the role of self compassion as a protective and shame resilient mechanism.
The comparison of optimization for active steering control on vehicle using PID controller based on artificial intelligence techniques
Venue: 2016 International Seminar on Application for Technology of Information and Communication (ISemantic)

This paper presents a comparison of optimization for vehicle steering controls system simulation using several Artificial Intelligence (AI) for optimizing Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control parameters to suppress errors on lateral motion and the yaw motion of vehicles. This paper compares five kinds of tuning methods of parameter for PID controller, among other are Firefly Algorithm (FA) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Bat Algorithm (BA) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) The vehicles are represented in the model vehicle with 10 degrees of Freedom of vehicle dynamics system. The simulation results show that the PID control tuned by AI in the vehicle steering control system can adjust the plant output to the desired trajectory so that the stability of the vehicle is maintained. Vehicle yaw error and lateral error can be reduced by using ICA to determine PID parameter. The main advantage of proposed optimization is faster and more accurate compared with PID controller. So the error of the controller is reduced too. The results obtained are of vehicle motion can be maintained in accordance with the desired trajectory with smaller error and was able to achieve higher speeds than with the control system using optimized without parameters. This paper only deals with software simulation to proof the effect of AI optimization. The hardware implementation will be investigated in the next future.
Armadillo: a template based C+ library for linear algebra
Venue: J. Open Source Softw.

The C+ language is often used for implementing functionality that is performance and/or resource sensitive. While the standard C+ library provides many useful algorithms (such as sorting) in its current form it does not provide direct handling of linear algebra (matrix maths) Armadillo is an open source linear algebra library for the C+ language, aiming towards a good balance between speed and ease of use. Its high level Application Programming Interface (API) is deliberately similar to the widely Matlab and Octave languages (Eaton et al. 2015) so that mathematical operations can be expressed in a familiar and natural manner. The library is useful for algorithm development directly in C+ or relatively quick conversion of research code into production environments. Armadillo provides efficient objects for vectors, matrices and cubes (third order tensors) as well as over 200 associated functions for manipulating data stored in the objects. Integer, floating point and complex numbers are supported, as well as dense and sparse storage formats. Various matrix factorisations are provided through integration with LAPACK (Demmel 1997) or one of its high performance drop in replacements such as Intel MKL (Intel 2016) or OpenBLAS (Xianyi, Qian, and Saar 2016) It is also possible to use Armadillo in conjunction with NVBLAS to obtain GPU accelerated matrix multiplication (NVIDIA 2015) Armadillo is used as a base for other open source projects, such as MLPACK, a C+ library for machine learning and pattern recognition (Curtin et al. 2013) and RcppArmadillo, a bridge between the R language and C+ in order to speed up computations (Eddelbuettel and Sanderson 2014) Armadillo internally employs an expression evaluator based on template metaprogramming techniques (Abrahams and Gurtovoy 2004) to automatically combine several operations in order to increase speed and efficiency. An overview of the internal architecture is given in (Sanderson 2010)
RandNLA: randomized numerical linear algebra
Venue: Commun. ACM

M ATRICES ARE UBIQUITOUS in computer science, statistics, and applied mathematics. An m x n matrix can encode information about m objects (each described by n features) or the behavior of a discretized differential operator on a finite element mesh; an n x n positive definite matrix can encode the correlations between all pairs of n objects, or the edge connectivity between all pairs of nodes in a social network; and so on. Motivated largely by technological developments that generate extremely large scientific and Internet datasets, recent years have witnessed exciting developments in the theory and practice of matrix algorithms. Particularly remarkable is the use of randomization typically assumed to be a property of the input data due to, for example, noise in the data generation mechanisms as an algorithmic or computational resource for the develop ment of improved algorithms for fundamental matrix problems such as matrix multiplication, least squares (LS) approximation, lowrank matrix approxi mation, and Laplacian based linear equ ation solvers. Randomized Numerical Linear Algebra (RandNLA) is an interdisciplinary research area that exploits randomization as a computational resource to develop improved algorithms for large scale linear algebra problems. From a foundational perspective, RandNLA has its roots in theoretical computer science (TCS) with deep connections to mathematics (convex analysis, probability theory, metric embedding theory) and applied mathematics (scientific computing, signal processing, numerical linear algebra) From an applied perspective, RandNLA is a vital new tool for machine learning, statistics, and data analysis. Well engineered implementations have already outperformed highly optimized software libraries for ubiquitous problems such as leastsquares, with good scalability in parallel and distributed envi ronments.52 Moreover, RandNLA promises a sound algorithmic and statistical foundation for modern large scale data analysis.  Randomized Numerical Linear Algebra
Teachers' use of classroom assessment techniques in primary mathematics education an explorative study with six Chinese teachers

BackgroundThis paper reports on the use of classroom assessment techniques (CATs) by primary school mathematics teachers in China. CATs are short, focused assessment activities that can reveal students' understanding of specific mathematical subjects. The study involved six female third grade mathematics teachers from Nanjing, China. The focus was on assessing division. Data were collected by teacher interviews, feedback forms and final reports, lesson observations, and student work.ResultsThe study revealed that the teachers could easily include CATs in their daily practice. By conducting the CATs, the teachers got new information about their students' learning. Most teachers liked using the CATs, especially those with the red/green cards, which is a whole classroom immediate response format, providing quick information of the students' learning. The teachers also found the CATs feasible to conduct and helpful to engage their students during the lesson. However, no evidence was found that they used the information gained from the CATs for adapting their instruction to meet the students' needs in subsequent lessons. In fact, the teachers only used the teacher guide of the CATs to adapt their instruction beforehand. The CATs, instead of being implemented as assessment activities, were often included as extra exercises in the pre arranged lesson plans of the teachers. If necessary, the teachers provided their students with instant help in order to assist them to get the correct answers.ConclusionsIn general, the teachers were positive about the CATs as a way to reveal their students' understanding of division in an effective and efficient fashion. The teachers recognized that it can be very revealing to challenge their students with questions that are not completely prepared by the content of their textbooks. The results of this study suggest that on the one hand CATs can be helpful for Chinese mathematics teachers' formative assessment practice in primary education. On the other hand, our study also provides some evidence that using CATs, as an approach to formative assessment, to make informed and adequate decisions about further teaching, can be a real challenge for teachers.
Treatment of Pediatric Septic Shock With the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines and PICU Patient Outcomes*
Venue: Pediatric critical care medicine a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends rapid recognition and treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Few reports have evaluated the impact of these recommendations in pediatrics. We sought to determine if outcomes in patients who received initial care compliant with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign time goals differed from those treated more slowly.  Emergency department and PICU at an academic children's hospital.  Three hundred twenty one patients treated for septic shock in the emergency department and admitted directly to the PICU.  None.  The exposure was receipt of emergency department care compliant with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommendations (delivery of IV fluids, IV antibiotics, and vasoactive infusions within 1 hr of shock recognition) The primary outcome was development of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Secondary outcomes included mortality, need for mechanical ventilation or vasoactive medications, and hospital and PICU length of stay. Of the 321 children studied, 117 received Surviving Sepsis Campaign compliant care in the emergency department and 204 did not. New or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome developed in nine of the patients (7.7% who received Surviving Sepsis Campaign compliant care and 25 (12.3% who did not (p 0.26) There were 17 deaths; overall mortality rate was 5% There were no significant differences between groups in any of the secondary outcomes. Although only 36% of patients met the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guideline recommendation of bundled care within 1 hour of shock recognition, 75% of patients received the recommended interventions in less than 3 hours.  Treatment for pediatric septic shock in compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommendations was not associated with better outcomes compared with children whose initial therapies in the emergency department were administered more slowly. However, all patients were treated rapidly and we report low morbidity and mortality. This underscores the importance of rapid recognition and treatment of septic shock.
The role of central venous oxygen saturation, blood lactate, and central venous to arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference as a goal and prognosis of sepsis treatment.
Venue: Journal of critical care

The current practice in treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock is to ensure adequate oxygenation and perfusion in patients, along with prompt administration of antibiotics, within 6 hours from diagnosis, which is considered the "golden hour" for the patients. One of the goals of treatment is to restore normal tissue perfusion. With this goal in mind, some parameters have been used to determine the success of treatment and mortality rate; however, none has been proven to be the best predictor of mortality rate in sepsis patients. Despite growing evidence regarding the prognostic indicators for mortality in sepsis patients, inconsistent reports exist.  This review comprehensively summarizes the reports regarding the frequently used parameters in sepsis including central venous oxygen saturation, blood lactate, and central venous to arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference, as prognostic indicators for clinical outcomes in sepsis patients. Moreover, consistent findings and inconsistent reports for their pathophysiology and the potential mechanisms for their use as well as their limitations in sepsis patients are presented and discussed. Finally, a schematic strategy for potential management and benefits in sepsis patients is proposed based upon these current available data.  There is currently no ideal biomarker that can indicate prognosis, predict progression of the disease, and guide treatment in sepsis. Further studies are needed to be carried out to identify the ideal biomarker that has all the desired properties.
Food Neophobia in Wild Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Inhabiting a Changeable Environment A Field Study
Venue: PloS one

Food neophobia is a reaction to novel food observed in many animal species, particularly omnivores, including Rattus norvegicus. A neophobic reaction is typically characterised by avoidance of novel food and the necessity to assess both its potential value and toxicity by the animal. It has been hypothesised that this reaction is not observed in rats inhabiting a changeable environment with a high level of variability with regard to food and food sources. This study was conducted in such changeable conditions and it aims to demonstrate the behaviour of wild rats R. norvegicus in their natural habitat. The rats were studied in a farm setting, and the experimental arena was demarcated by a specially constructed pen which was freely accessible to the rats. At regular intervals, the rats were given new flavour and smell altered foods, while their behaviour was video recorded. The results obtained in the study seem to confirm the hypothesis that rats inhabiting a highly changeable environment do not exhibit food neophobia. The observed reaction to novel food may be connected with a reaction to a novel object to a larger extent than to food neophobia. The value of the results obtained lies primarily in the fact that the study was conducted in the animals' natural habitat, and that it investigated their spontaneous behaviours.
E Commerce: An Overview of Adoption and Its Effective Implementation

Electronic commerce is a concept that is gaining acceptance in businesses, like other papers related to ecommerce this paper objective was to shed light on e commerce adoption, trend and issues that are facilitating and hindering its effectiveness through comprehensive reviewing of literatures in the related area. It is observed that there has been a growing trend of e commerce adoption globally even to the least developing countries, which is motivated by e commerce adoption benefits by businesses such as expansion of business opportunities, businesses enjoying being cost effectiveness with widened coverage and increased customers services. There are challenges highlighted for effective e commerce adoption and implementation such as poor e commerce supporting infrastructures for instance reliable Internet connections, poor transport and logistics system also presence of socio regulatory barriers. Moreover it was recommended for better improvement of e commerce affordable and reliable Internet facilities is vital for instance the intensity, the cost for accessing Internet, also reasonable level of e readiness to all levels of business is important to its effectiveness, formulation of Government policies that catalyze improvement of e commerce effectiveness is similarly vital.
Assessing data quality in citizen science

Ecological and environmental citizen science projects have enormous potential to advance scientific knowledge, influence policy, and guide resource management by producing datasets that would otherwise be infeasible to generate. However, this potential can only be realized if the datasets are of high quality. While scientists are often skeptical of the ability of unpaid volunteers to produce accurate datasets, a growing body of publications clearly shows that diverse types of citizen science projects can produce data with accuracy equal to or surpassing that of professionals. Successful projects rely on a suite of methods to boost data accuracy and account for bias, including iterative project development, volunteer training and testing, expert validation, replication across volunteers, and statistical modeling of systematic error. Each citizen science dataset should therefore be judged individually, according to project design and application, and not assumed to be substandard simply because volunteers generated it.
Pinatubo: A processing in memory architecture for bulk bitwise operations in emerging non volatile memories
Venue: 2016 53nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)

Processing in memory (PIM) provides high bandwidth, massive parallelism, and high energy efficiency by implementing computations in main memory, therefore eliminating the overhead of data movement between CPU and memory. While most of the recent work focused on PIM in DRAM memory with 3D die stacking technology, we propose to leverage the unique features of emerging non volatile memory (NVM) such as resistance based storage and current sensing, to enable efficient PIM design in NVM. We propose Pinatubo1, a Processing In Non volatile memory ArchiTecture for bUlk Bitwise Operations. Instead of integrating complex logic inside the cost sensitive memory, Pinatubo redesigns the read circuitry so that it can compute the bitwise logic of two or more memory rows very efficiently, and support one step multi row operations. The experimental results on data intensive graph processing and database applications show that Pinatubo achieves a ~500 x speedup, ~28000x energy saving on bitwise operations, and 1.12x overall speedup, 1.11x overall energy saving over the conventional processor.
Review Neural contributions to risk taking in adolescence developmental changes and individual differences

Risk taking, which involves voluntary choices for behaviors where outcomes remain uncertain, undergoes considerable developmental changes during childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood. In addition, risk taking is thought to be a key element of many externalizing disorders, such as ADHD, delinquency, conduct disorder, and substance abuse. In this review, we will discuss the potential adaptive and nonadaptive properties of risk taking in childhood and adolescence.  We propose that the changes in brain architecture and function are a crucial element underlying these developmental trajectories. We first identify how subcortical and cortical interactions are important for understanding risk taking behavior in adults. Next, we show how developmental changes in this network underlie changes in risk taking behavior. Finally, we explore how these differences can be important for understanding externalizing behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence.  We conclude that longitudinal studies are of crucial importance for understanding these developmental trajectories, and many of these studies are currently underway.