nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of conservation in new contemporary art installations in new contexts: The case of Richard Serra's East West/West East in Qatar

In recent years Qatar has invested a significant sum of money on exhibitions of contemporary artists and public art. This paper discusses decision making processes in the conservation of contemporary artworks installed in newly emerging art markets such as Qatar, where there are no established practices. In 2014, Richard Serra's East West/West East, an installation of four vertical plates made of weathering (Corten(tm) steel, which span one kilometre at heights so as to reach the level of the surrounding gypsum plateaus, was installed in the Brouq Nature Reserve near Zekreet desert, two kilometres from the sea in the western part of Qatar. The artwork is already considered by some a landmark for the isolated area. The plates have started to develop protective corrosion layers, although Corten(tm) is not completely corrosion resistant when located near coastal sites. They have also started to bend and are heavily inscribed by visitors. Conservation of public art is complex, as site specific artworks are linked with the landscape and defined by the relationships they develop with the public. Art installations of this magnitude demand not only conservation measures but also a management plan. The isolated location, the scale of the artwork, the aggressive environment, and the lack of supervision and monitoring of the area challenge current practices but offer an opportunity to develop methods to preserve art of site specific art in new environments and diverse audiences. Monitoring will allow a better understanding of the interactions of visitors with the artwork and will shed light on the material's behaviour in this specific environment.
Polymerization induced self assembly of block copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT non aqueous dispersion polymerization

There is considerable current interest in polymerization induced self assembly (PISA) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization as a versatile and efficient route to various types of block copolymer nano objects. Many successful PISA syntheses have been conducted in water using either RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization or RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization. In contrast, this review article is focused on the growing number of RAFT PISA formulations developed for non aqueous media. A wide range of monomers have been utilized for both the stabilizer and core forming blocks to produce diblock copolymer nanoparticles in either polar or non polar media (including supercritical CO2 and ionic liquids) via RAFT dispersion polymerization. Such nanoparticles possess spherical, worm like or vesicular morphologies, often with controllable size and functionality. Detailed characterization of such sterically stabilized diblock copolymer dispersions provides important insights into the various morphological transformations that can occur both during the PISA synthesis and also on subsequent exposure to a suitable external stimulus (e.g. temperature)
Policy Distillation
Venue: ICLR

Policies for complex visual tasks have been successfully learned with deep reinforcement learning, using an approach called deep Q networks (DQN) but relatively large (task specific) networks and extensive training are needed to achieve good performance. In this work, we present a novel method called policy distillation that can be used to extract the policy of a reinforcement learning agent and train a new network that performs at the expert level while being dramatically smaller and more efficient. Furthermore, the same method can be used to consolidate multiple task specific policies into a single policy. We demonstrate these claims using the Atari domain and show that the multi task distilled agent outperforms the single task teachers as well as a jointly trained DQN agent.
Dynamic Filament Formation by a Divergent Bacterial Actin Like ParM Protein
Venue: PloS one

Actin like proteins (Alps) are a diverse family of proteins whose genes are abundant in the chromosomes and mobile genetic elements of many bacteria. The low copy number staphylococcal multiresistance plasmid pSK41 encodes ParM, an Alp involved in efficient plasmid partitioning. pSK41 ParM has previously been shown to form filaments in vitro that are structurally dissimilar to those formed by other bacterial Alps. The mechanistic implications of these differences are not known. In order to gain insights into the properties and behavior of the pSK41 ParM Alp in vivo, we reconstituted the parMRC system in the ectopic rod shaped host, E. coli, which is larger and more genetically amenable than the native host, Staphylococcus aureus. Fluorescence microscopy showed a functional fusion protein, ParM YFP, formed straight filaments in vivo when expressed in isolation. Strikingly, however, in the presence of ParR and parC, ParM YFP adopted a dramatically different structure, instead forming axial curved filaments. Time lapse imaging and selective photobleaching experiments revealed that, in the presence of all components of the parMRC system, ParM YFP filaments were dynamic in nature. Finally, molecular dissection of the parMRC operon revealed that all components of the system are essential for the generation of dynamic filaments.
S shaped periodic defected ground structures to reduce microstrip antenna array mutual coupling

A novel S shaped periodic defected ground structure (PDGS) is proposed to reduce mutual coupling between antenna elements. Coplanar placed antenna elements work at the same frequency band with centre frequency 2.57 GHz. Centre to centre distance between the antenna elements is 50 mm which is ~0.43l. The PDGS is three S shaped defected ground structure units placed between microstrip antenna elements. By using the proposed PDGS, more than 40 dB mutual coupling reduction between microstrip antenna elements is achieved.
Mutual coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array by periodic defected ground structures
Venue: 2016 IEEE 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP)

A periodic defected ground structure (DGS) was proposed to reduce mutual coupling between antenna elements in coplanar linear polarization microstrip antenna array. The defected ground structure is three U shaped elements etched off from ground plane periodically between microstrip antenna elements. Coupled polarization is rotated 90deg by the proposed periodic DGS, 10dB mutual coupling reduction between microstrip antenna elements is achieved and barely influence on microstrip antenna far filed main radiation properties.
A novel compact defected ground structure and its application in mutual coupling reduction of a microstrip antenna

In this paper, a novel compact T shape defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed in order to reduce the mutual coupling between elements in a microstrip antenna array structure. The proposed DGS has considerable advantages compared to an H shaped DGS. As is known, DGS insertion is a common problem in microstrip antenna array structures. However, the proposed T shaped structure is more compact so it could be suitable for a compact microstrip array antenna. The T shaped DGS is about 24% more compact than the H shaped one. However, the most important novelty of our work is reducing mutual coupling both in the E plane and the H plane, which previously was discussed just in the E plane. Finally, we have considered the disturbing effect of mutual coupling on the side lobe level (SLL) of unequally spaced arrays; using these results, a T shaped DGS has been implemented in an 8 element unequally spaced array antenna in order to reduce its SLL.
A low mutual coupling antenna array using alternating direction S shaped defected ground structures
Venue: 2016 IEEE 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP)

A two element low mutual coupling antenna array is designed by using alternating direction S shaped defected ground structures (ADS DGSs) The proposed antenna array operates at 2.45GHz WLAN band, and it consists of two identical rectangle patch antennas and a pair of ADS DGSs etching on the common ground plane. The performance of the proposed antenna is numerically investigated in order to achieve a high isolation. The mutual coupling of the antenna array is reduced by means of the ADS SGS. Simulated results show that the design can provide a 30 dB mutual coupling reduction at the operating band.
Synthesis of Poly(hydroxamic acid) Ligand from Polymer Grafted Corn cob Cellulose for Transition Metals Extraction

A cellulose graft poly(methyl acrylate) was synthesized by free radical initiating process and the ester functional groups were converted into the hydroxamic acid ligand. The intermediate and final products are characterized by FT IR, FE SEM, HR TEM and XPS technique. The pH of the solution acts as a key factor in achieving optical color signals of metalcomplexation. The reflectance spectra of the [Cu ligand]n+ complex was found to be a highest absorbance at 99.8 at pH 6 and it was increased upon increasing of Cu2+ ion concentrations and a broad peak at 700 nm was observed which indicated the charge transfer (p p transition) metals Cu complex. The adsorption capacity of copper was found to be superior (336 mg g 1) rather than other transition metals such as Fe3+ Co3+ Cr3+ Ni2+ Mn2+ and Zn2+ were 310, 295, 288, 250, 248 and 225 mg g 1, respectively at pH 6. The experimental data of all metal ions fitted significantly with the pseudo second order rate equation. The transition metal ions sorption onto ligand were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2>0.99) which suggested that the cellulose based adsorbent known as poly(hydroxamic acid) ligand surface is homogenous and monolayer. The reusability of the poly(hydroxamic acid) ligand was checked by the sorption/desorption process up to ten cycles without any significant loss in its original sensing and removal performances.
Chronic ozone exposure alters the secondary metabolite profile, antioxidant potential, anti inflammatory property, and quality of red pepper fruit from Capsicum baccatum.
Venue: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

Tropospheric ozone (O3) background concentrations have increased since pre industrial times, reaching phytotoxic concentrations in many regions globally. However, the effect of high O3 concentrations on quality of fruit and vegetables remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether O3 pollution alters the quality of Capsicum baccatum peppers by changing the secondary compound profiles and biological activity of the fruit. C. baccatum pepper plants were exposed to ozone for 62 days in an open top chamber at a mean O3 concentration of 171.6ug/m(3) Capsaicin levels decreased by 50% in the pericarp, but remained unchanged in the seeds. In contrast, the total carotenoid content increased by 52.8% in the pericarp. The content of total phenolic compounds increased by 17% in the pericarp. The total antioxidant potential decreased by 87% in seeds of O3 treated plants. The seeds contributed more than the pericarp to the total radical trapping antioxidant potential and total antioxidant reactivity. O3 treatment impaired the ferric reducing antioxidant power of the seeds and reduced NO( scavenging activity in the pericarp. However, O3 treatment increased ferrous ion chelating activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in the pericarp. Our results confirm that O3 alters the secondary metabolite profile of C. baccatum pepper fruits and, consequently, their biological activity profile.
Psychosocial skills and school systems in the 21st century: Theory, research, and practice.

This book provides a comprehensive overview and in depth analysis of research on psychosocial skills, examining both theory and areas of application. It discusses students' psychosocial skills both as components of academic success and desired educational outcomes in grades K through 12. The book describes an organizing framework for psychosocial skills and examines a range of specific constructs that includes achievement, motivation, self efficacy, creativity, emotional intelligence, resilience, and the need for cognition. In addition, it reviews specific school based interventions and examines issues that concern the malleability of psychosocial skills. It addresses issues relating to the integration of psychosocial skills into school curriculum as well as large scale assessment policies.
A Review and Comparative Study of Firefly Algorithm and its Modified Versions

Firefly algorithm is one of the well known swarm based algorithms which gained popularity within a short time and has different applications. It is easy to understand and implement. The existing studies show that it is prone to premature convergence and suggest the relaxation of having constant parameters. To boost the performance of the algorithm, different modifications are done by several researchers. In this chapter, we will review these modifications done on the standard firefly algorithm based on parameter modification, modified search strategy and change the solution space to make the search easy using different probability distributions. The modifications are done for continuous as well as non continuous problems. Different studies including hybridization of firefly algorithm with other algorithms, extended firefly algorithm for multiobjective as well as multilevel optimization problems, for dynamic problems, constraint handling and convergence study will also be briefly reviewed. A simulationbased comparison will also be provided to analyse the performance of the standard as well as the modified versions of the algorithm.
A Hybrid Firefly Algorithm for Continuous Optimization Problems
Venue: ICCCS

The search behavior of firefly algorithm (FA) is determined by the attractions among fireflies. In the standard FA and its most modifications, worse fireflies can move toward other better ones, while better fireflies seldom move to other positions. To enhance the search of better fireflies, this paper presents a hybrid firefly algorithm (HFA) Which employs a local search operator inspired by differential evolution (DE) Moreover, the control parameters are dynamically adjusted during the search process. Experiments are conducted on thirteen continuous optimization problems. Computational results show that HFA achieves better solutions than the standard FA and three other improved FA variants.
TRIZ Industrial Case Studies: A Critical Survey

TRIZ is one of the most powerful and accepted methods to make systematic innovation. Despite TRIZ official development ended in 1985, researchers have continued its development by proposing new approaches (e.g. OTSM, TRIZ+ SPARK) or by extending existing ones. After all these efforts, the spread of TRIZ has never reached the level of capillarity expected. For this reason, in the last years, TRIZ community has interrogated more than once about the motivations for this slow growth. In order to accelerate the spread of TRIZ, many attempts were made to simplify the method, sometimes by integrating it with other methods (such as FMEA, QFD, Lean) that were already present in production plants and increasing TRIZ notoriety by publishing successful case studies. This work is an updated picture of the current situation of TRIZ case studies publications. More than 200 case studies from TRIZ journal and ETRIA TRIZ Future Conference have been collected, analysed and processed to understand Why companies needs TRIZ, which tools are the most used, how TRIZ has been integrated with other methods, and how industries and academies communicate their success. Differently to other surveys, this study also focuses on the ways in which solutions are presented, so as to identify best practices or new ideas and trends from a communication perspective. This paper contains the results of this analysis and the related comments.
TRIZ based computer aided LCA for Ecodesign

ABSTRACTWith the growing environmental conscience, the focus of sustainability has shifted from environmental assessment to improvement. An increasing number of improvement tools are being developed, but they all lack integration with the assessment phase, or provide very simplified and unreliable assessment tools. We propose an integrated approach to environmental assessment and improvement, with a focus on green product development and problem solving. The main novelty of this work lies in the adoption of TRIZ ( Solving) fundamentals, which allow us to transform traditional LCA criticalities, i.e. the most impacting flows of a product, into eco improvement criticalities, i.e. the potential of improvement of each flow. For this, we developed a graphical ontology that guides the designer in mapping the product life cycle, identifying and highlighting criticalities, and tracking the improvement effort. A new approach is proposed, focused toward problem solving rather than environ.
Survey of challenges and towards a unified architecture for location systems
Venue: J. Netw. Comput. Appl.

Localization is a key aspect of emergent applications in the medical, industrial and consumer field. In this article we survey state of the art, identify current challenges and issues for localization systems and suggest a unified layered architecture. The analysis reveals that challenges cannot be addressed in an isolated manner for example, energy consumption is tied to the choice of algorithm and employed hardware. To separate various challenges and investigate them independently, we propose the concept of position providers. Position providers in the lower layers allow abstraction of positioning methods, positioning algorithms and positioning hardware. Thereby, a position provider encapsulates methods, algorithms and hardware. Furthermore, we suggest a classification of position providers inspired by related work. We propose a unified architecture for location systems which uses positioning and integration layers as main building blocks.
Markovian State and Action Abstractions for MDPs via Hierarchical MCTS
Venue: IJCAI

State abstraction is an important technique for scaling MDP algorithms. As is well known, however, it introduces difficulties due to the non Markovian nature of state abstracted models. Whereas prior approaches rely upon ad hoc fixes for this issue, we propose instead to view the state abstracted model as a POMDP and show that we can thereby take advantage of state abstraction without sacrificing the Markov property. We further exploit the hierarchical structure introduced by state abstraction by extending the theory of options to a POMDP setting. In this context we propose a hierarchical Monte Carlo tree search algorithm and show that it converges to a recursively optimal hierarchical policy. Both theoretical and empirical results suggest that abstracting an MDP into a POMDP yields a scalable solution approach.
Multi label active learning by model guided distribution matching
Venue: Frontiers of Computer Science

Multi label learning is an effective framework for learning with objects that have multiple semantic labels, and has been successfully applied into many real world tasks. In contrast with traditional single label learning, the cost of labeling a multi label example is rather high, thus it becomes an important task to train an effectivemulti label learning model with as few labeled examples as possible. Active learning, which actively selects the most valuable data to query their labels, is the most important approach to reduce labeling cost. In this paper, we propose a novel approach MADM for batch mode multi label active learning. On one hand, MADM exploits representativeness and diversity in both the feature and label space by matching the distribution between labeled and unlabeled data. On the other hand, it tends to query predicted positive instances, which are expected to be more informative than negative ones. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce the labeling cost significantly.
A Coarse to Fine Indoor Layout Estimation (CFILE) Method
Venue: ACCV

The task of estimating the spatial layout of cluttered indoor scenes from a single RGB image is addressed in this work. Existing solutions to this problems largely rely on hand craft features and vanishing lines, and they often fail in highly cluttered indoor rooms. The proposed coarse to fine indoor layout estimation (CFILE) method consists of two stages: 1) coarse layout estimation; and 2) fine layout localization. In the first stage, we adopt a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) to obtain a coarse scale room layout estimate that is close to the ground truth globally. The proposed FCN considers combines the layout contour property and the surface property so as to provide a robust estimate in the presence of cluttered objects. In the second stage, we formulate an optimization framework that enforces several constraints such as layout contour straightness, surface smoothness and geometric constraints for layout detail refinement. Our proposed system offers the state of the art performance on two commonly used benchmark datasets.
Joint Antenna Selection and Beamforming Algorithms for Physical Layer Multicasting with Massive Antennas
Venue: Algorithms

We investigate the problem of minimizing the total power consumption under the constraint of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) requirement for the physical layer multicasting system with large scale antenna arrays. In contrast with existing work, we explicitly consider both the transmit power and the circuit power scaling with the number of antennas. The joint antenna selection and beamforming technique is proposed to minimize the total power consumption. The problem is a challenging one, which aims to minimize the linear combination of l 0 norm and l 2 norm. To our best knowledge, this minimization problem has not yet been well solved. A random decremental antenna selection algorithm is designed, which is further modified by an approximation of the minimal transmit power based on the asymptotic orthogonality of the channels. Then, a more efficient decremental antenna selection algorithm is proposed based on minimizing the l 0 norm. Performance results show that the l 0 norm minimization algorithm greatly outperforms the random selection algorithm in terms of the total power consumption and the average run time.
People Prefer System 2 Nudges (Kind Of)

In the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and many other nations, those involved in law and policy have been exploring choice preserving approaches, or "nudges," informed by behavioral science and with the purpose of promoting important public policy goals, such as improved health and safety. But there is a large and insufficiently explored difference between System 1 nudges, which target or benefit from automatic processing, and System 2 nudges, which target or benefit from deliberative processing. Graphic warnings and default rules are System 1 nudges; statistical information and factual disclosures are System 2 nudges. On philosophical grounds, it might seem tempting to prefer System 2 nudges, on the assumption that they show greater respect for individual dignity and promote individual agency. A nationally representative survey in the United States finds evidence that in important contexts, majorities do indeed prefer System 2 nudges. At the same time, that preference is not fixed and firm. If people are asked to assume that the System 1 nudge is significantly more effective, then large numbers of them will move in its direction. In a range of contexts, Republicans, Democrats, and independents show surprisingly similar responses. The survey findings, and an accompanying normative analysis, offer lessons for those involved in law and policy who are choosing between System 1 nudges and System 2 nudges.