nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Retail Online Kirana Stores

Internet has tremendously changed the face of business arena including e commerce. Till recent times, ecommerce is confined to only few services like airline tickets, railway tickets, hotel bookings, online mobile recharge etc. Recently E commerce is emerged into retail and moreover kirana sector also.  This paper tries to find the relationship between the age of a person and his or her convenience to buy online and whether there is a relationship between the sex of person and his or her preference to home delivery. This paper also observes the relationship between the perception of quality of products and the type of products they buy.  Various data tools are adopted to analyse the data such as Means of the parameters, OnewayAnova and T test etc appropriately. Sampling is Random Sampling: A sample of 100 is collected.  Many people of the age 20 to 30 are comfortable with buying online. Most of the female customers prefer buying online because they are home delivered. The perception of quality of products effects the buying decision of the products whether it is vegetables, groceries or both. It is also found that the prices in the internet are much cheaper than the prices in local stores. Though we can bargain in the local stores but there are huge discounts and price gap between the stores and the online portals.  E commerce is trying to consolidate all the suppliers and buyers at a platform to make the market place more comprehensive. Even the big players like Flipkart and Snapdeal are also now encouraging the local kirana players to sell through their web portals. Scope for Further  This paper can be further researched on the concepts of mobile e commerce, e commerce in food sector, food chains etc.
Characterizing the accumulation of various heavy metals in native plants growing around an old antimony mine

The objective of this study was to explore potential plant candidates to act as phytoremediators around the Xikuangshan mine, Hunan Province, China. Native plants including Imperata cylindrical (L) Rumex patientia L. Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Fagopyrum dibotrys (D.Don) Phytolacca americana L. Dryopteris erytbrosora, Pteriduum aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv) Nephrolepiscordifolia (L) Presl, Oplismenus undulatifolius (A) Bea, Erigeron annuus (L) Pers, and soils samples were collected. As, Sb, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn levels were measured in soil and plant samples. The concentrations of As, Sb, Hg, and Cd in soils were above the corresponding background values for Hunan province. R. Patienti, P. aquilinum, and P. americana had large bioconcentration factors (BAFs) and high translocation factors (TFs) for Sb; and the same showed in D. erytbrosora for Hg, P. vittata for Cd, I. cylindrical for Cr, and D. erytbrosora for Pb and Zn. In general, perennial plants showed high heavy metal contents in roots, and TFs greater than 1 were only observed for Sb in E. annuus and Cr in O. undulatifolius. These results demonstrate that several native plants growing around Xikuangshan are potential phytoremediators for metal and metalloid contaminated soils.
Do associations between native and invasive plants provide signals of invasive impacts?
Venue: Biological Invasions

Do invasive plant species act more as "passengers" or drivers of ecological change in native plant communities? Snapshot studies based on correlations at the site scale ignore longer term dynamics and variation in how particular invaders affect particular native species. We analyzed patterns of co occurrence between three invading species (Alliaria petiolata, Lonicerax bella, and Rhamnus cathartica) and 70 native plant species in 94 southern Wisconsin forests at two scales to test four hypotheses. Surveys at these sites in the 1950s and again in the 2000s allowed us to assess how initial plant diversity and site conditions affected subsequent patterns of invasion. Sites with more native species in the 1950s experienced fewer invasions of Lonicera and Rhamnus. However, this result may reflect the fact that more fragmented habitat patches supported both fewer species in the 1950s and more invasions. At the site level, few negative correlations exist between invasive and native species' abundances. Sites with higher Alliaria densities in the 2000s, however, support fewer native species and lower populations of several declining natives. Rhamnus invaded sites support lower populations of two increasing species. Association (C score) analyses detect more associations and more negative associations at the 1 m2 scale than at the site scale. Most strong associations between invasive and increasing native species are positive while those with declining natives are often negative. Species restricted to specialized habitats rarely co occur with invaders. Alliaria has more negative associations at fragmented sites where it is more abundant and invasions may be older. Fine scale invasive native associations were stronger, easier to detect, and less consistent than those detectable at the site level. Thus, screening large numbers of local associations using observational data may allow us to identify particular invasive native interactions worth further investigation. Although invading plants sometimes act as passive passengers, increasing in tandem with certain native plants in response to disturbed fragmented habitats, they may also contribute to the declines we observe in many native species. Monitoring invasions would allow us to assess whether local associations serve to predict subsequent invasive species impacts.
Distributed cooperative optimization and its applications

In this paper, we give a brief review of recent achievement of distributed optimization algorithm and its applications, which receive more and more research attention in systems and control areas. To provide a clear picture about the distributed optimization theory, we start with the introduction of multi agent optimization models, and moreover, show information sharing models based on network topologies. Then we focus on the design of distributed algorithms and finally give brief descriptions about their applications. The objective of the paper is to present an overall view of the theoretical research on distributed optimization from the above four aspects, and also to provide brief remarks about its future developments. Also, we particularly emphasize some technical contributions of Chinese scholars in distributed optimization, even though we cannot cover all of them for space limitations.
A zero gradient sum algorithm for distributed cooperative learning using a feedforward neural network with random weights
Venue: Inf. Sci.

This paper focuses on developing new algorithms for distributed cooperative learning based on zero gradient sum (ZGS) optimization in a network setting. Specifically, the feedforward neural network with random weights (FNNRW) is introduced to train on data distributed across multiple learning agents, and each agent runs the program on a subset of the entire data. In this scheme, there is no requirement for a fusion center, due to, e.g. practical limitations, security, or privacy reasons. The centralized FNNRW problem is reformulated into an equivalent separable form with consensus constraints among nodes and is solved by the ZGS based distributed optimization strategy, which theoretically guarantees convergence to the optimal solution. The proposed method is more effective than the existing methods using the decentralized average consensus (DAC) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) strategies. It is simple and requires less computational and communication resources, which is well suited for potential applications, such as wireless sensor networks, artificial intelligence, and computational biology, involving datasets that are often extremely large, high dimensional and located on distributed data sources. We show simulation results on both synthetic and real world datasets.
Narratives of Participants in National Career Development Programs for Women in Academic Medicine: Identifying the Opportunities for Strategic Investment.
Venue: Journal of women's health

Academic medicine has initiated changes in policy, practice, and programs over the past several decades to address persistent gender disparity and other issues pertinent to its sociocultural context. Three career development programs were implemented to prepare women faculty to succeed in academic medicine: two sponsored by the Association of American Medical Colleges, which began a professional development program for early career women faculty in 1988. By 1995, it had evolved into two programs one for early career women and another for mid career women. By 2012, more than 4000 women faculty from medical schools across the U.S and Canada had participated in these intensive 3 day programs. The third national program, the Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine((r) (ELAM) program for women, was developed in 1995 at the Drexel University College of Medicine.  Narratives from telephone interviews representing reflections on 78 career development seminars between 1988 and 2010 describe the dynamic relationships between individual, institutional, and sociocultural influences on participants' career advancement.  The narratives illuminate the pathway from participating in a career development program to self defined success in academic medicine in revealing a host of influences that promoted and/or hindered program attendance and participants' ability to benefit after the program in both individual and institutional systems. The context for understanding the importance of these career development programs to women's advancement is nestled in the sociocultural environment, which includes both the gender related influences and the current status of institutional practices that support women faculty.  The findings contribute to the growing evidence that career development programs, concurrent with strategic, intentional support of institutional leaders, are necessary to achieve gender equity and diversity inclusion.
The relationship between person organization fit and job satisfaction

Drawing upon the theory of conservation of resources to argue the importance of job stress as an important variable that mediates the person organization (P O) fit job satisfaction relationship, and supervisor support as an important moderating variable that moderates the relationship between P O fit and job stress, the purpose of this paper is to test a moderated mediation model.  Data were collected from 225 employees in 12 catering service organizations in Beijing. An integrated mediation and moderation model was evaluated.  The study illustrates both some new mechanisms and the boundary conditions between P O fit and job satisfaction. Job stress mediates the relationships between P O fit and job satisfaction; supervisor support moderates the linkage of P O fit, job stress, and job satisfaction. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported.  The question of causality cannot be determined because of the cros.
Forecasting the Impacts of Silver and Bighead Carp on the Lake Erie Food Web

Nonindigenous bigheaded carps (Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Silver Carp H. molitrix; hereafter, "Asian carps" [AC] threaten to invade and disrupt food webs and fisheries in the Laurentian Great Lakes through their high consumption of plankton. To quantify the potential effects of AC on the food web in Lake Erie, we developed an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web model and simulated four AC diet composition scenarios (high, low, and no detritus and low detritus with Walleye Sander vitreus and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens larvae) and two nutrient load scenarios (the 1999 baseline load and 2PS the baseline [HP] We quantified the uncertainty of the potential AC effects by coupling the EwE model with estimates of parameter uncertainty in AC production, consumption, and predator diets obtained using structured expert judgment. Our model projected mean SS SD AC equilibrium biomass ranging from 52 SS 34 to 104 SS 75 kg/ha under the different scenarios. Relative to baseline simulations without AC, AC invasion under all detrital diet scenarios decreased the biomass of most fish and zooplankton groups. The effects of AC in the HP scenario were similar to those in the detrital diet scenarios except that the biomasses of most Walleye and Yellow Perch groups were greater under HP because these fishes were buffered from competition with AC by increased productivity at lower trophic levels. Asian carp predation on Walleye and Yellow Perch larvae caused biomass declines among all Walleye and Yellow Perch groups. Large food web impacts of AC occurred in only 2% of the simulations, where AC biomass exceeded 200 kg/ha, resulting in biomass declines of zooplankton and planktivorous fish near the levels observed in the Illinois River. Our findings suggest that AC would affect Lake Erie's food web by competing with other planktivorous fishes and by providing additional prey for piscivores. Our methods provide a novel approach for including uncertainty into forecasts of invasive species' impacts on aquatic food webs.
Aprender a aprender en la universidad. Efectos de una materia instrumental sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje y el rendimiento academico

espanolEl aprendizaje autorregulado es muy importante en la universidad ya que el alumnado debe manejar las estrategias y habilidades necesarias para ser autonomo y eficaz al aprender. El objetivo de este trabajo era comprobar los efectos de una asignatura disenada para aprender a aprender sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje y el rendimiento de los alumnos de primeros cursos. Se utilizo un diseno cuasiexperimental pre test post test con grupo experimental y grupo de control, tomando medidas antes de comenzar la docencia de la materia y despues de finalizarla. En esta materia se trabajo el analisis del proceso de aprendizaje, se entreno en el uso de estrategias relevantes: metacognitivas, de procesamiento y uso de la informacion y afectivas y motivacionales. La muestra estuvo constituida por 47 estudiantes, 23 del grupo experimental y 24 del grupo de control, de diversas titulaciones de la Universidad de Valencia. Los resultados confirmaron mejoras significativas en las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del grupo experimental frente a los del grupo de control. Tambien aumento el rendimiento academico aunque en este caso las diferencias no fueron estadisticamente significativas. EnglishSelf regulated learning is very important at university, since students must manage the strategies and abilities necessary to be autonomous and effective in their learning. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a course designed for this purpose on learning strategies and students' achievement of first year university students. A quasi experimental pre test/post test design was used, with an experimental group and a control group, applying measurement instruments before starting and after finishing the course. The learning process was analysed on this course, with students being trained in the use of relevant learning strategies metacognitive strategies, strategies for processing and using information and affective and motivational strategies. The sample consisted of 47 students, 23 of them belonging to the experimental group and 24 of them to the control group, from various degrees at the University of Valencia. The results confirmed significant improvements in the learning strategy scores of the experimental group compared to the control group. There was also an improvement in academic achievement, but in this case the differences were not statistically significant.
The United Kingdom Diabetic Retinopathy Electronic Medical Record Users Group, Report 1: baseline characteristics and visual acuity outcomes in eyes treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema
Venue: British Journal of Ophthalmology

To describe baseline characteristics and visual outcome for eyes treated with ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) from a multicentre database.  Structured clinical data were anonymised and extracted from an electronic medical record from 19 participating UK centres: age at first injection, ETDRS visual acuity (VA) number of injections, ETDRS diabetic retinopathy (DR) and maculopathy grade at baseline and visits. The main outcomes were change in mean VA from baseline, number of injections and clinic visits and characteristics affecting VA change and DR grade.  Data from 12 989 clinic visits was collated from baseline and follow up for 3103 eyes. Mean age at first treatment was 66 years. Mean VA (letters) for eyes followed at least 2 years was 51.1 (SD=19.3) at baseline, 54.2 (SD: 18.6) and 52.5 (SD: 19.4) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Mean visual gain was five letters. The proportion of eyes with VA of 72 letters or better was 25% (baseline) and 33% (1 year) for treatment naive eyes. Eyes followed for at least 6 months received a mean of 3.3 injections over a mean of 6.9 outpatient visits in 1 year.  In a large cohort of eyes with DMO treated with ranibizumab injections in the UK, 33% of patients achieved better than or equal to 6/12 in the treated eye at 12 months compared with 25% at baseline. The mean visual gain was five letters. Eyes with excellent VA at baseline maintain good vision at 18 months.
Observables Processing for the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager Instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory

NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft was launched 11 February 2010 with three instruments onboard, including the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) After commissioning, HMI began normal operations on 1 May 2010 and has subsequently observed the Sun's entire visible disk almost continuously. HMI collects sequences of polarized filtergrams taken at a fixed cadence with two 4096x4096$4096 \times 4096$ cameras, from which are computed arcsecond resolution maps of photospheric observables that include line of sight velocity and magnetic field, continuum intensity, line width, line depth, and the Stokes polarization parameters [I,Q,U,V$I, Q, U, V$ Two processing pipelines have been implemented at the SDO Joint Science Operations Center (JSOC) at Stanford University to compute these observables from calibrated Level 1 filtergrams, one that computes line of sight quantities every 45 seconds and the other, primarily for the vector magnetic field, that computes averages on a 720 second cadence. Corrections are made for static and temporally changing CCD characteristics, bad pixels, image alignment and distortion, polarization irregularities, filter element uncertainty and nonuniformity, as well as Sun spacecraft velocity. We detail the functioning of these two pipelines, explain known issues affecting the measurements of the resulting physical quantities, and describe how regular updates to the instrument calibration impact them. We also describe how the scheme for computing the observables is optimized for actual HMI observations. Initial calibration of HMI was performed on the ground using a variety of light sources and calibration sequences. During the five years of the SDO prime mission, regular calibration sequences have been taken on orbit to improve and regularly update the instrument calibration, and to monitor changes in the HMI instrument. This has resulted in several changes in the observables processing that are detailed here. The instrument more than satisfies all of the original specifications for data quality and continuity. The procedures described here still have significant room for improvement. The most significant remaining systematic errors are associated with the spacecraft orbital velocity.
Clinical Implication of Inflammation Based Prognostic Score in Pancreatic Cancer
Venue: Medicine

AbstractA variety of systemic inflammation based prognostic scores have been explored; however, there has been no study to clarify which score could best reflect survival in resected pancreatic cancer patients.Between 2002 and 2014, 379 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection of pancreatic cancer were enrolled. The Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) modified GPS (mGPS) neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) prognostic index (PI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) scores for each patient were calculated. Survival of each score was evaluated, and correlations between the score selected on the basis of the prognostic significance and various clinicopathological factors were analyzed.In the analysis of the GPS, the median survival time (MST) was 28.1 months for score 0, 25.6 for score 1, and 17.0 for score 2. As for mGPS, the MST was 25.8 months for score 0, 27.7 for score 1, and 17.0 for score 2. Both scores were found to be significant. On the contrary, there were no statistical differences in MST between various scores obtained using the NLR, PLR, PI, or PNI. Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis, positive peritoneal washing cytology, and a GPS score of 2 were significant prognostic factors. There was also statistically significant correlation between the GPS score and tumor location (head) tumor size =2.0 cm) bile duct invasion, and duodenal invasion.Our study demonstrated that the GPS could be an independent predictive marker and was superior to other inflammation based prognostic scores in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.
An exploratory study of communication and coordination challenges in offshore software development outsourcing: results of systematic literature review and empirical study

Offshore Software Development Outsourcing(OSDO) is the rising business paradigm for Global Software Development. OSDO principals (clients) hire external offshore organizations (vendors) to develop components of or complete software products based on an outsourcing contract. This paper reports communication and coordination challenges faced by OSDO vendors. A systematic literature review (SLR) identified 18 challenges cited in 101 relevant articles. In addition, forty two experts from six continents responded to a questionnaire survey distributed to outsourcing industry companies (vendors) to validate SLR findings. The authors analyzed the cited challenges with respect to variables such as company size, continental location, study strategies, company type and levels of expert experience. We identified cultural differences, geographic dispersion, lack of face to face meetings, lack of ICT/technological cohesion and lack of credibility as significant challenges facing OSDO vendors. These challenges can negatively affect communication and coordination related processes in OSDO relationships. Their validated identification should prove useful to all vendors who seek remedy