nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
I'm worth it or I need it? Self gift giving and consumers' self regulatory mindset

The aim of the research presented in this paper is to enhance our understanding of self gift giving behavior. Self regulatory theory isused as a conceptual support to achieve this objective. The main idea that is explored is that consumers' self gift purchase intentions vary acrosscontexts and situations to the extent that these are compatible or not with their self regulatory mindset, whether it is chronic or situational. Two studies, using a scenario based experiment, were conducted to investigate the effects that regulatory focushas on consumers' intentions to buy themselves a gift. The results support the proposition that the chronic form of regulatory focus in success and failure situations has a significant impacton the intention to purchase a gift to oneself and show that the situational form of regulatory focus has an influence on self gift purchase intentionas well. They also confirm that situations that are congruent with consumers' self regulatory mindset lead to stronger self gift purchase intentions. The main contribution of this research lies in delineating the role that some specific dispositional and situational factors playin shaping consumers' perceptions of success and failure events and how this impacts the eventual purchase of a gift to oneself. This contrasts withprevious research on self gift giving, where success and failure situations are assumed to be perceived similarly by consumers. Marketing managerswishing to stimulate consumers' propensity to buy themselves gifts should consider using regulatory focus as a segmentation basis. Marketingcommunications should be adapted to consumers' self regulatory mindset.
Voluntary Running Suppresses Tumor Growth through Epinephrine and IL 6 Dependent NK Cell Mobilization and Redistribution.
Venue: Cell metabolism

Regular exercise reduces the risk of cancer and disease recurrence. Yet the mechanisms behind this protection remain to be elucidated. In this study, tumor bearing mice randomized to voluntary wheel running showed over 60% reduction in tumor incidence and growth across five different tumor models. Microarray analysis revealed training induced upregulation of pathways associated with immune function. NK cell infiltration was significantly increased in tumors from running mice, whereas depletion of NK cells enhanced tumor growth and blunted the beneficial effects of exercise. Mechanistic analyses showed that NK cells were mobilized by epinephrine, and blockade of b adrenergic signaling blunted training dependent tumor inhibition. Moreover, epinephrine induced a selective mobilization of IL 6 sensitive NK cells, and IL 6 blocking antibodies blunted training induced tumor suppression, intratumoral NK cell infiltration, and NK cell activation. Together, these results link exercise, epinephrine, and IL 6 to NK cell mobilization and redistribution, and ultimately to control of tumor growth.
CIS is a potent checkpoint in NK cell mediated tumor immunity
Venue: Nature Immunology

The detection of aberrant cells by natural killer (NK) cells is controlled by the integration of signals from activating and inhibitory ligands and from cytokines such as IL 15. We identified cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein (CIS, encoded by Cish) as a critical negative regulator of IL 15 signaling in NK cells. Cish was rapidly induced in response to IL 15, and deletion of Cish rendered NK cells hypersensitive to IL 15, as evidenced by enhanced proliferation, survival, IFN g production and cytotoxicity toward tumors. This was associated with increased JAK STAT signaling in NK cells in which Cish was deleted. Correspondingly, CIS interacted with the tyrosine kinase JAK1, inhibiting its enzymatic activity and targeting JAK for proteasomal degradation. Cish mice were resistant to melanoma, prostate and breast cancer metastasis in vivo, and this was intrinsic to NK cell activity. Our data uncover a potent intracellular checkpoint in NK cell mediated tumor immunity and suggest possibilities for new cancer immunotherapies directed at blocking CIS function.
Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS 5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys
Venue: Nature

The most recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, which was unprecedented in the number of cases and fatalities, geographic distribution, and number of nations affected, highlights the need for safe, effective, and readily available antiviral agents for treatment and prevention of acute Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) or sequelae. No antiviral therapeutics have yet received regulatory approval or demonstrated clinical efficacy. Here we report the discovery of a novel small molecule GS 5734, a monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue, with antiviral activity against EBOV. GS 5734 exhibits antiviral activity against multiple variants of EBOV and other filoviruses in cell based assays. The pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) is efficiently formed in multiple human cell types incubated with GS 5734 in vitro, and the NTP acts as an alternative substrate and RNA chain terminator in primer extension assays using a surrogate respiratory syncytial virus RNA polymerase. Intravenous administration of GS 5734 to nonhuman primates resulted in persistent NTP levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (half life, 14 h) and distribution to sanctuary sites for viral replication including testes, eyes, and brain. In a rhesus monkey model of EVD, once daily intravenous administration of 10 mg kg 1 GS 5734 for 12 days resulted in profound suppression of EBOV replication and protected 100% of EBOV infected animals against lethal disease, ameliorating clinical disease signs and pathophysiological markers, even when treatments were initiated three days after virus exposure when systemic viral RNA was detected in two out of six treated animals. These results show the first substantive post exposure protection by a small molecule antiviral compound against EBOV in nonhuman primates. The broad spectrum antiviral activity of GS 5734 in vitro against other pathogenic RNA viruses, including filoviruses, arenaviruses, and coronaviruses, suggests the potential for wider medical use. GS 5734 is amenable to large scale manufacturing, and clinical studies investigating the drug safety and pharmacokinetics are ongoing.
20th Century Boys: Pioneering British Design Thinkers

The history of modern British design is often told though well known design icons such as the Mini, red double decker bus and the mini skirt. While these iconic designs are notable due to their significant contribution they make to the identity of British design, there is another, untold history that has the potential to provide insight into the foundations of contemporary design consultancy and design research. This paper considers the complex interactions between pioneering British design thinkers, manufacturers, consumers and educators as a means of uncovering an alternative history of British design, one that examines the culture of designing (its social history) as well as the artefacts it produced (its material culture) Based on biographical interviews and initial archival research, the paper profiles five pioneering design thinkers Misha Black, Michael Farr, Bruce Archer, James Pilditch, and Peter Gorb and discusses their contribution to design across corporate, consultancy, education and research domains.
Recommender System for Academic Literature with Incremental Dataset

On account of the colossal expansion in the size of research paper repository, the stature of Recommender System has increased, as it can guide the researchers to find papers akin to them from this vast collection. Furthermore, the recommendation methods like collaborative filtering or content based do not allow the user's to provide their personalized requirements explicitly; hence the focus is shifted towards the customized Recommender Systems that can scrutinize user's preferences by contemplating their inputs. But the state of art recommendation techniques satisfying user's personalized requirements make a strong assumption of static dataset. So, in this work we are going to present a customized Recommender System that can acknowledge the ever growing nature of research paper repository. To accomplish this, the Efficient Incremental High Utility Itemset Mining algorithm (EIHI) which has been recently introduced in the literature, is used which is specialized to work with dynamic datasets. Experimental results prove that the proposed system satisfies the researcher's personalized requirements and at the same time handles the incremental nature of the research paper repository efficiently.
Ontology based data integration in EPNet: Production and distribution of food during the Roman Empire
Venue: Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell.

Semantic technologies are rapidly changing the historical research. Over the last decades, an immense amount of new quantifiable data have been accumulated, and made available in interchangeable formats, in social sciences and humanities, opening up new possibilities for solving old questions and posing new ones. This paper introduces a framework that eases the access of scholars to historical and cultural data about food production and commercial trade system during the Roman Empire, distributed across different data sources. The proposed approach relies on the Ontology Based Data Access (OBDA) paradigm, where the different datasets are virtually integrated by a conceptual layer (an ontology) that provides to the user a clear point of access and a unified and unambiguous conceptual view.
The 'Justinianic Plague' the economic consequences of the pandemic in the eastern Roman empire and its cultural and religious effects

Taking as his starting point recent debates over the significance of the 'Justinianic Plague' to enquiries into the transition from late antiquity to the early Middle Ages, the author aims to demonstrate that the widely supported relativizing position is untenable. The short term demographic and economic consequences of the epidemic must have been catastrophic; the plague, however, seems to have affected the population of the Roman empire in the east most of all in the cultural and religious sphere, in that it prompted or reinforced processes of reorientation that were of fundamental significance to the transformation of the eastern Roman into the Byzantine empire.
Migration and mobility in the early Roman Empire

Approaching migration in the early Roman Empire Luuk de Ligt and Laurens E. Tacoma The impact of migration on the demographic profile of the City of Rome a reassessment Elio Lo Cascio Seasonal labour and rural urban migration in Roman Italy Paul Erdkamp Food distributions and immigration in Imperial Rome Seth G. Bernard Migration in early Imperial Italy Herculaneum and Rome compared Peter Garnsey and Luuk de Ligt Labour mobility in the Roman world a case study of mines in Iberia Claire Holleran State organised mobility in the Roman Empire legionaries and auxiliaries Saskia T. Roselaaar Peasants into soldiers recruitment and military mobility in the early Roman Empire Tatiana Ivleva Tracing familial mobility female and child migrants in the Roman West Christer Bruun Isotopes and mobility in the ancient Roman world Tracy L. Prowse Revisiting urban graveyard theory migrant flows in Hellenistic and Roman Athens Saskia Hin Migration in Roman Egypt problems and possibilities Colin Adams Migrant women in p.oxy. and the port cities of Roman Egypt tracing women's travel behaviour in papyrological sources Lien Foubert Human mobility in the Roman Near East patterns and motives Andrea Zerbini Moving epigrams migration and mobility in the Greek East Laurens E. Tacoma, Rolf A. Tybout Dead men walking the repatriation of mortal remains Rolf A. Tybout Movers and stayers Greg Woolf.
Christianizing The Roman Empire Ad 100 400

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BlackHole: Robust community detection inspired by graph drawing
Venue: 2016 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)

With regard to social network analysis, we concentrate on two widely accepted building blocks: community detection and graph drawing. Although community detection and graph drawing have been studied separately, they have a great commonality, which means that it is possible to advance one field using the techniques of the other. In this paper, we propose a novel community detection algorithm for undirected graphs, called BlackHole, by importing a geometric embedding technique from graph drawing. Our proposed algorithm transforms the vertices of a graph to a set of points on a low dimensional space whose coordinates are determined by a variant of graph drawing algorithms, following the overall procedure of spectral clustering. The set of points are then clustered using a conventional clustering algorithm to form communities. Our primary contribution is to prove that a common idea in graph drawing, which is characterized by consideration of repulsive forces in addition to attractive forces, improves the clusterability of an embedding. As a result, our algorithm has the advantages of being robust especially when the community structure is not easily detectable. Through extensive experiments, we have shown that BlackHole achieves the accuracy higher than or comparable to the state of the art algorithms.
Orthogonal graph drawing with inflexible edges
Venue: Comput. Geom.

We consider the problem of creating plane orthogonal drawings of 4 planar graphs (planar graphs with maximum degree 4) with constraints on the number of bends per edge. More precisely, we have a flexibility function assigning to each edge e a natural number flex e its flexibility. The problem FlexDraw asks whether there exists an orthogonal drawing such that each edge e has at most flex e bends. It is known that FlexDraw is NP hard if flex e 0 for every edge e  On the other hand, FlexDraw can be solved efficiently if flex e 1  and is trivial if flex e 2  for every edge e. To close the gap between the NP hardness for flex e 0 and the efficient algorithm for flex e 1 we investigate the computational complexity of FlexDraw in case only few edges are inflexible (i.e. have flexibility 0) We show that for any e 0 FlexDraw is NP complete for instances with O n e inflexible edges with pairwise distance O n 1 e (including the case where they induce a matching) where n denotes the number of vertices in the graph. On the other hand, we give an FPT algorithm with running time O 2 k n T flow n where T flow n is the time necessary to compute a maximum flow in a planar flow network with multiple sources and sinks, and k is the number of inflexible edges having at least one endpoint of degree 4.
Anthropogenic impact on mangrove sediments triggers differential responses in the heavy metals and antibiotic resistomes of microbial communities.
Venue: Environmental pollution

Mangroves are complex and dynamic ecosystems highly dependent on diverse microbial activities. In the last decades, these ecosystems have been exposed to and affected by diverse human activities, such as waste disposal and accidental oil spills. Complex microbial communities inhabiting the soil and sediment of mangroves comprise microorganisms that have developed mechanisms to adapt to organic and inorganic contaminants. The resistance of these microbes to contaminants is an attractive property and also the reason why soil and sediment living microorganisms and their enzymes have been considered promising for environmental detoxification. The aim of the present study was to identify active microbial genes in heavy metals, i.e. Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, and antibiotic resistomes of polluted and pristine mangrove sediments through the comparative analysis of metatranscriptome data. The concentration of the heavy metals Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, and Hg and abundance of genes and transcripts involved in resistance to toxic compounds (the cobalt zinc cadmium resistance protein complex; the cobalt zinc cadmium resistance protein CzcA and the cation efflux system protein CusA) have been closely associated with sites impacted with petroleum, sludge and other urban waste. The taxonomic profiling of metatranscriptome sequences suggests that members of Gammaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria classes contribute to the detoxification of the polluted soil. Desulfobacterium autotrophicum was the most abundant microorganism in the oil impacted site and displayed specific functions related to heavy metal resistance, potentially playing a key role in the successful persistence of the microbial community of this site.
Methodological Guidelines for Accurate Detection of Viruses in Wild Plant Species
Venue: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Ecological understanding of disease risk, emergence, and dynamics and of the efficacy of control strategies relies heavily on efficient tools for microorganism identification and characterization. Misdetection, such as the misclassification of infected hosts as healthy, can strongly bias estimates of disease prevalence and lead to inaccurate conclusions. In natural plant ecosystems, interest in assessing microbial dynamics is increasing exponentially, but guidelines for detection of microorganisms in wild plants remain limited, particularly so for plant viruses. To address this gap, we explored issues and solutions associated with virus detection by serological and molecular methods in noncrop plant species as applied to the globally important Barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (Luteoviridae) which infects wild native plants as well as crops. With enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) we demonstrate how virus detection in a perennial wild plant species may be much greater in stems than in leaves, although leaves are most commonly sampled, and may also vary among tillers within an individual, thereby highlighting the importance of designing effective sampling strategies. With reverse transcription PCR (RT PCR) we demonstrate how inhibitors in tissues of perennial wild hosts can suppress virus detection but can be overcome with methods and products that improve isolation and amplification of nucleic acids. These examples demonstrate the paramount importance of testing and validating survey designs and virus detection methods for noncrop plant communities to ensure accurate ecological surveys and reliable assumptions about virus dynamics in wild hosts.
Performance evaluation of OCO 2 XCO2 signatures in exploring casual relationship between CO2 emission and land cover
Venue: Spatial Information Research

Continental scale monitoring is the primary satellite remote sensing method in previous studies for carbon emission patterns in relation to land cover. OCO 2 satellite is the most advanced CO2 monitoring satellite with high spatial resolution. This paper investigated performance of OCO 2 XCO2 signature in exploring causal relationship between land cover and carbon emissions. The land cover types (croplands, permanent wetlands, urban and built up) influenced by development activities generally show higher XCO2 mean concentrations than non anthropogenic land cover types. Evergreen broadleaf forest shows lowest local R2 while highest local R2 is generated from croplands. The adjusted R2s (the explanation power of geographically weighted regression, GWR model) were statistically significant on every land cover type. This research output could be used as a valuable reference that improved spatial resolution of OCO 2 could explain co relationship between local CO2 flux and land cover for specific region within a country.
Experimental results of radiation driven, layered deuterium tritium implosions with adiabat shaped drives at the National Ignition Facility

Radiation driven, layered deuterium tritium (DT) implosions were carried out using 3 shock and 4 shock "adiabat shaped" drives and plastic ablators on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [E. M. Campbell et al. AIP Conf. Proc. 429, 3 (1998) The purpose of these shots was to gain further understanding on the relative performance of the low foot implosions of the National Ignition Campaign [M. J. Edwards et al. Phys. Plasmas 20, 070501 (2013) versus the subsequent high foot implosions [T. Doppner et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 055001 (2015) The neutron yield performance in the experiment with the 4 shock adiabat shaped drive was improved by factors ~3 to ~10, compared to five companion low foot shots despite large low mode asymmetries of DT fuel, while measured compression was similar to its low foot companions. This indicated that the dominant degradation source for low foot implosions was ablation front instability growth, since adiabat shaping significantly stabilized this growth. For the experiment with the low power 3 shock adiabat shaped drive, the DT fuel compression was significantly increased, by ~25% to ~36% compared to its companion high foot implosions. The neutron yield increased by ~20% lower than the increase of ~50% estimated from one dimensional scaling, suggesting the importance of residual instabilities and asymmetries. For the experiment with the high power, 3 shock adiabat shaped drive, the DT fuel compression was slightly increased by ~14% compared to its companion high foot experiments. However, the compression was reduced compared to the lower power 3 shock adiabat shaped drive, correlated with the increase of hot electrons that hypothetically can be responsible for reduced compression in high power adiabat shaped experiments as well as in high foot experiments. The total neutron yield in the high power 3 shock adiabat shaped shot N150416 was 8.5 x 1015 0.2 x 1015, with the fuel areal density of 0.90 0.07 g/cm2, corresponding to the ignition threshold factor parameter IFTX (calculated without alpha heating) of 0.34 0.03 and the yield amplification due to the alpha heating of 2.4 0.2. The performance parameters were among the highest of all shots on NIF and the closest to ignition at this time, based on the IFTX metric. The follow up experiments were proposed to continue testing physics hypotheses, to measure implosion reproducibility, and to improve quantitative understanding on present implosion results.