nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Stomach cancer burden in Central and South America.
Venue: Cancer epidemiology

Stomach cancer mortality rates in Central and South America (CSA) are among the highest in the world. We describe the current burden of stomach cancer in CSA.  We obtained regional and national level cancer incidence data from 48 population based registries (13 countries) and nation wide cancer deaths from WHO's mortality database (18 countries) We estimated world population age standardized incidence (ASR) and mortality (ASMR) rates per 100,000 and estimated annual percent change to describe time trends.  Stomach cancer was among the 5 most frequently diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer mortality. Between CSA countries, incidence varied by 6 fold and mortality by 5 6 fold. Males had up to 3 times higher rates than females. From 2003 to 2007, the highest ASRs were in Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil and Peru (males: 19.2 29.1, females: 9.7 15.1) The highest ASMRs were in Chilean, Costa Rican, Colombian and Guatemalan males (17.4 24.6) and in Guatemalan, Ecuadorian and Peruvian females (10.5 17.1) From 1997 to 2008, incidence declined by 4% per year in Brazil, Chile and Costa Rica; mortality declined by 3 4% in Costa Rica and Chile. 60 96% of all the cancer cases were unspecified in relation to gastric sub site but, among those specified, non cardia cancers occurred 2 13 times more frequently than cardia cancers.  The variation in rates may reflect differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and other risk factors. High mortality may additionally reflect deficiencies in healthcare access. The high proportion of unspecified cases calls for improving cancer registration processes.
Secret Forwarding of Events over Distributed Publish/Subscribe Overlay Network
Venue: PloS one

Publish/subscribe is a communication paradigm where loosely coupled clients communicate in an asynchronous fashion. Publish/subscribe supports the flexible development of large scale, event driven and ubiquitous systems. Publish/subscribe is prevalent in a number of application domains such as social networking, distributed business processes and real time mission critical systems. Many publish/subscribe applications are sensitive to message loss and violation of privacy. To overcome such issues, we propose a novel method of using secret sharing and replication techniques. This is to reliably and confidentially deliver decryption keys along with encrypted publications even under the presence of several Byzantine brokers across publish/subscribe overlay networks. We also propose a framework for dynamically and strategically allocating broker replicas based on flexibly definable criteria for reliability and performance. Moreover, a thorough evaluation is done through a case study on social networks using the real trace of interactions among Facebook users.
ADVERSE EVENTS TO FIRST LINE ANTI TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN PATIENTS CO INFECTED WITH HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS
Venue: Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine

The combination and use of multiple drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) predispose to adverse drug events and reactions. This study evaluated the incidence, frequency, and severity of adverse events to first line anti tuberculosis (anti TB) drugs in patients with TB and co infections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( The objective of this study was to determine the effects of HIV status on the risk of developing adverse events to first line anti TB therapy.  The study was carried out between 2006 and 2007 when TB therapy was administered without concomitant anti retroviral therapy. Patients with TB presenting at the chest clinic of a tertiary hospital were sequentially enrolled. Those with TB alone were allocated to the first group while those with TB HIV infection were allocated to a second group. A checklist of adverse events to the drugs was used to screen for adverse drug events and reactions during the period of anti TB therapy. Adverse drug events were graded as serious and others (mild moderate)  One hundred and three patients completed the study. Thirty one (30.1% of the patients had TB HIV co infection. Majority (70.4% of the events were detected during the first week of therapy, 92% of these events were mild moderate. Eight (25.5% of those with TB HIV co infection had serious adverse events. All the serious events occurred in the TB HIV group. Independent factors for occurrence of ADEs include HIV status, increasing age, and female gender.  The rate of adverse drug events among patients on first line antituberculosis treatment was higher in HIV co infected patients.
Business is business? Stakeholders and power distributions in guanxi related practices in the Chinese public relations profession: A comparative study of Beijing and Hong Kong

As a special type of relationship exercised at the level of the individual in Chinese culture, guanxi has been claimed to pervasively affect business practices in China. Using a contextual perspective, this study compared guanxi related practices in Beijing and Hong Kong, two Chinese societies with a similar Confucian heritage but different institutional and cultural traits. Four group interviews were conducted to identify the characteristics of guanxi related practices, their main stakeholders, and the power relationships that exist between them. Public relations practitioners from Hong Kong and Beijing engage in guanxi related practices with similar main stakeholders, except that only practitioners from Beijing valued guanxi with the government. Findings from the group interviews demonstrate regional differences in the closeness components, source of connections, and basic principles governing guanxi related practices.
Initiative Games in Physical Education: A Practical Approach for Teaching Critical Thinking Skills Part 1

As teachers prepare children for the future, the need for developing critical thinking skills in students becomes clearly evident. One way to promote this process is through initiative games. Initiative games are clearly defined problems that a group must find a solution to through cooperation, physical effort and cognitive functioning. The purpose of this article is to provide a series of five initiative games that can be used as a part of any team building or initiative game centered unit within a physical education curriculum for upper elementary through high school students. The activities described will appropriately address several SHAPE America National Standards for K 12 Physical Education. Each initiative game presented will include the activity name, a description, rules and conditions, equipment, organizational layout of the problem, and safety considerations.
Accelerate Data Compression in File System
Venue: 2016 Data Compression Conference (DCC)

BTRFS (B tree filesystem) is a new copy on write (CoW) filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration. One important feature for BTRFS is the transparent file compression. There are two compression algorithms available in BTRFS: ZLIB and LZO. Because the compression workload is very CPU intensive, normally we have to pay additional CPU power to enable data compression in the filesystem. In this work we study the nature of data compression in BTRFS, setup the test bench to measure the benefit and the cost when enable data compression in BTRFS, and develop a new hardware acceleration method to offload the compression and de compression workloads from the BTRFS software stack. Our experiment proves the hardware offloading solution can provide BTRFS data compression with the least CPU overhead comparing with the software implementation of ZLIB and LZO, meanwhile it also reaches a very good compression ratio and disk write throughput.
Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Hydrogel Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Bone Extracellular Matrix and Collagen Type I
Venue: PloS one

The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on hydrogel scaffolds derived from bone extracellular matrix (bECM) in comparison to those seeded on collagen I (Col I) one of the main components of dental pulp ECM.  DPSCs isolated from human third molars were characterized for surface marker expression and odontogenic potential prior to seeding into bECM or Col I hydrogel scaffolds. The cells were then seeded onto bECM and Col I hydrogel scaffolds and cultured under basal conditions or with odontogenic and growth factor (GF) supplements. DPSCs cultivated on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) with and without supplements were used as controls. Gene expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP 1) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) and mineral deposition was observed by Von Kossa staining.  When DPSCs were cultured on bECM hydrogels, the mRNA expression levels of DSPP, DMP 1 and MEPE genes were significantly upregulated with respect to those cultured on Col I scaffolds or TCPS in the absence of extra odontogenic inducers. In addition, more mineral deposition was observed on bECM hydrogel scaffolds as demonstrated by Von Kossa staining. Moreover, DSPP, DMP 1 and MEPE mRNA expressions of DPSCs cultured on bECM hydrogels were further upregulated by the addition of GFs or osteo/odontogenic medium compared to Col I treated cells in the same culture conditions.  These results demonstrate the potential of the bECM hydrogel scaffolds to stimulate odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
Effect of the harvest procedure and tissue site on the osteogenic function of and gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells
Venue: International journal of molecular medicine

Evidence has indicated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harvested with the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) procedure exhibited an improved osteogenic differentiation capability compared with MSCs obtained by bone marrow aspiration from the iliac crest. In the present study, we hypothesized that the harvest procedure indeed influences the osteogenic activity of human MSCs more than the tissue site itself. Concentration [by colony forming unit fibroblast (CFU F) assay] calcification (by von Kossa staining) collagen deposition, gene expression and the gene methylation of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 pathway [BMP2, SMAD5 and runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) the Wnt pathway [WNT3, dickkopf 1 (DKK1) low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5 (LRP5) and b catenin] and osteogenic genes [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A) and osteocalcin] were analyzed in the MSCs isolated intraoperatively from the iliac crest with a spoon (n=14) from the femur with a spoon (n=7) from the femur with the RIA procedure (n=13) and from the iliac crest by fine needle aspiration (n=8, controls) A Bonferroni Holm corrected p value <0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. The concentration of CFU F in the MSCs was increased in the RIA debris in comparison with that in the iliac crest aspirates (trend) and the femur (spoon, significant) Calcium deposition was highest in the femur derived MSCs (by RIA) and was significantly increased in comparison with that in the iliac crest derived MSCs (spoon, aspirate) The gene expression of BMP2, SMAD5, RUNX2, osteocalcin, and COL1A was significantly increased in the femur derived MSCs (spoon) and the iliac crest aspirate derived MSCs in comparison with that in the femur derived MSCs (by RIA) There was no significant diversity between the samples obtained using a spoon (from the femur or iliac crest) Calcium deposition and osteogenic gene expression decreased significantly with the increasing passage number in all the samples. The methylation of genes did not correlate with their respective gene expression and inconsistent differences were observed between the groups. Herein, we provide evidence that the harvest procedure is a critical factor in the osteogenesis of MSCs in vitro. The MSCs isolated from the femur and iliac crest using a spoon exhibit no significant differences. The altered gene expression and function of the femur derived MSCs (by RIA) may be due to the harsh isolation procedure. The variable differentiation ability of the MSCs, which depends on the harvest site and the harvest technique, as well as the rapid loss of the osteogenic differentiation capacity with the increasing culture duration should be taken into consideration when using MSCs as a potential therapeutic application for bone tissue engineering.
Hypoxic culture conditions induce increased metabolic rate and collagen gene expression in ACL derived cells
Venue: Journal of orthopaedic research official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society

There has been substantial effort directed toward the application of bone marrow and adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissue. Recently, resident tissue specific stem cells have been described in a variety of mesenchymal structures including ligament, tendon, muscle, cartilage, and bone. In the current study, we systematically characterize three novel anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) derived cell populations with the potential for ligament regeneration: ligament forming fibroblasts (LFF: CD146neg, CD34negCD44pos, CD31neg, CD45neg) ligament perivascular cells (LPC: CD146posCD34negCD44pos, CD31neg, CD45neg) and ligament interstitial cells (LIC: CD34posCD146neg, CD44pos, CD31neg, CD45neg) and describe their proliferative and differentiation potential, collagen gene expression and metabolism in both normoxic and hypoxic environments, and their trophic potential in vitro. All three groups of cells (LIC, LPC, and LFF) isolated from adult human ACL exhibited progenitor cell characteristics with regard to proliferation and differentiation potential in vitro. Culture in low oxygen tension enhanced the collagen I and III gene expression in LICs (by 2.8 and 3.3 fold, respectively) and LFFs (by 3 and 3.5 fold, respectively) and increased oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate in LICs (by 4 and 3.5 fold, respectively) LFFs (by 5.5 and 3 fold, respectively) LPCs (by 10 and 4.5 fold, respectively) as compared to normal oxygen concentration. In summary, this study demonstrates for the first time the presence of three novel progenitor cell populations in the adult ACL that demonstrate robust proliferative and matrix synthetic capacity; these cells may play a role in local ligament regeneration, and consequently represent a potential cell source for ligament engineering applications.
Optical spectroscopy and system bath interactions in molecular aggregates with full configuration interaction Frenkel exciton model

Standard application of the Frenkel exciton model neglects resonance coupling between collective molecular aggregate states with different number of excitations. These inter band coupling terms are, however, of the same magnitude as the intra band coupling between singly excited states. We systematically derive the Frenkel exciton model from quantum chemical considerations, and identify it as a variant of the configuration interaction method. We discuss all non negligible couplings between collective aggregate states, and provide compact formulae for their calculation. We calculate absorption spectra of molecular aggregate of carotenoids and identify significant band shifts as a result of inter band coupling. The presence of inter band coupling terms requires renormalization of the system bath coupling with respect to standard formulation, but renormalization effects are found to be weak. We present detailed discussion of molecular dimer and calculate its time resolved two dimensional Fourier transformed spectra to find weak but noticeable effects of peak amplitude redistribution due to inter band coupling.
Study of nanobubbles on hydrophilic and hydrophobic alumina surfaces

Recent studies have shown that a high attractive force acts between poorly wettable surfaces, which cannot be explained by the conventional DLVO theory. This hydrophobic force is caused by very small bridging bubbles. Such forces can improve the efficiency in deep bed filtration applications using hydrophobized filter materials. An atomic force microscope was used for the characterization of nanobubbles by investigating hydrophilic and hydrophobic Al2O3 substrates in water at 10, 20 and 30 degC. The nanobubbles were therefore imaged via intermittent mode AFM. Height and diameter distributions were represented as well as calculated microscopic contact angles for bubbles of various sizes. The results were compared with force measurements and the potential differences were discussed. Furthermore, the stability of nanobubbles on smooth and rough alumina surfaces with an increasing scan force was presented.
Equivocal Court Cardiotocography Weighting in Cerebral Palsy Litigation

The article cones on one aspect of cerebral palsy court litigation, namely the ubiquitous non reassuring CTG tracing interpretation and the jurisprudential weighting allotted to it. Such litigation contributes to a massive financial drain of National Health budgets and may inflict crippling financial punishments on doctors. The author delves into a number of UK court cases, where medical malpractice is alleged to be the cause of the cerebral palsy and analyses these weightings which, overall give the impression of equivocity in such CTG weighting. Due consideration is given to the fact that the court hearing may have taken place decades after the actual birth management being analyzed, and this may have a bearing on the case e.g. decision as to prefer caesarean section or vaginal delivery in breech presentation. Two cases center around such breech delivery while a third case analysis the possibility of unconscious court misdirection by the plaintiff 's counsel, himself wrongly over weighting the importance of a possibly non reassuring CTG when much bigger issues were at stake. One case of clear, jurisprudential non equivocity is concluded. The author stresses that court litigation should be wary, not only of the inherent defects associated with CTG (such as the low sensitivity and high interand intra observer error rates of interpretation) but also of the very weighting to be allotted to the CTG itself. Only then, would the role affected by CTG in cerebral palsy litigation help in the fair swing of the scales of justice.
Frontotemporal Dementia
Venue: Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology

Today, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains one of the most common forms of early onset dementia, that is, before the age of 65, thus posing several diagnostic challenges to clinicians since symptoms are often mistaken for psychiatric or neurological diseases causing a delay in correct diagnosis, and the majority of patients with FTD present with symptoms at ages between 50 and 60. Genetic components are established risk factors for FTD, but the influence of lifestyle, comorbidity, and environmental factors on the risk of FTD is still unclear. Approximately 40% of individuals with FTD have a family history of dementia but less than 10% have a clear autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Lack of insight is often an early clue to FTD. A tailored treatment option at an early phase can mitigate suffering and improve patients' and caregivers' quality of life.
Perceived Emotional Intelligence, Subjective Well Being, Perceived Stress, Engagement and Academic Achievement of Adolescents Inteligencia emocional percibida, bienestar subjetivo, estres percibido, engagement y rendimiento academico en adolescentes

El presente estudio extiende la investigacion previa sobre inteligencia emocional percibida (IEP) al examinar las conexiones entre IEP, estres percibido, bienestar subjetivo, engagement academico, rendimiento, edad y sexo en una muestra de adolescentes; al tiempo que explora si estres percibido, bienestar subjetivo y/o engagement academico median la asociacion IEP y rendimiento. Los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de 626 participantes de entre 13 y 18 anos muestran la existencia de relaciones entre IEP y todas las variables analizadas, a excepcion de edad y rendimiento; al tiempo que todas las variables hipotetizadas como mediadoras si se asocian con el rendimiento academico. El efecto indirecto de la IEP sobre este ultimo se produce a traves del mayor compromiso con el estudio engagement y el menor estres percibido. Se discute la implicacion de los resultados para diferentes propuestas relacionales entre IEP y las variables evaluadas.
Reading Images, Seeing Texts: Towards a Visual Hermeneutics for Biblical Studies

In recent years, a growing number of biblical scholars have turned to ancient art as a vital resource for understanding the historical and conceptual background of the Bible. While these "iconographic" approaches have done much to advance findings from more traditional text based studies, they have yet to fully address issues pertaining to the nature, power, and meaning of ancient art as well as the social practices, effects, and responses that are derived from and inform how images functioned in ancient visual culture. This volume offers a sustained engagement of theories of visual culture with the goal of further refining how images are utilized in biblical research. Issues addressed include: the function of images as a language of communication and its implications for debates about textual literacy in ancient Israel (ch. 2) the nature of the image text relationship and how it informs methods of iconographic exegesis as well as the analysis of ancient mixed media artifacts (ch. 3) approaches to visual analysis that take into account how linguistic and non linguistic signs convey meaning in different ways (ch. 4) how theories about the ontology and social agency of art shed new light on the history of visual response in the ancient world, including image theft and destruction (ch. 5) and how a consideration of visual practices and the social and religious dimensions of sight can advance understandings of the nature of Israelite aniconism and the search for Yahweh's cult image (ch. 6) Insights gained from these analyses are synthesized into a hermeneutical framework that outlines a more critical approach to working with images in the field of biblical studies.
Visibility labour: Engaging with Influencers' fashion brands and #OOTD advertorial campaigns on Instagram

Influencer commerce has experienced an exponential growth, resulting in new forms of digital practices among young women. Influencers are one form of microcelebrity who accumulate a following on blogs and social media through textual and visual narrations of their personal, everyday lives, upon which advertorials for products and services are premised. In Singapore, Influencers are predominantly young women whose commercial practices are most noted on Instagram. In response, everyday users are beginning to model after Influencers through tags, reposts and #OOTDs (Outfit Of The Day) unwittingly producing volumes of advertising content that is not only encouraged by Influencers and brands but also publicly utilised with little compensation. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork among Instagram Influencers and followers in Singapore, this article investigates the visibility labour in which followers engage on follower anchored Instagram advertorials, in an attention economy that has swiftly profited off work that is quietly creative but insidiously exploitative.
The Digital Transformation Playbook: Rethink Your Business for the Digital Age

What makes social entrepreneurs different is that they think with "and" to achieve unorthodox solutions. Using a little creativity, anyone can retrain their brain to challenge false assumptions, rethink the way they approach challenges, and look differently at strategic planning, budgeting, hiring, product development, marketing, and even personal choices. Brimming with thought provoking anecdotes, in this talk Daniel showcases how this philosophy helped him grow KIND to become one of the fastest growing healthy snacks brands in America.