nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The open XXX spin chain in the SoV framework: scalar product of separate states

We consider the XXX open spin 1/2 chain with the most general non diagonal boundary terms, that we solve by means of the quantum separation of variables (SoV) approach. We compute the scalar products of separate states, a class of states which notably contains all the eigenstates of the model. As usual for models solved by SoV, these scalar products can be expressed as some determinants with a non trivial dependance in terms of the inhomogeneity parameters that have to be introduced for the method to be applicable. We show that these determinants can be transformed into alternative ones in which the homogeneous limit can easily be taken. These new representations can be considered as generalizations of the well known determinant representation for the scalar products of the Bethe states of the periodic chain. In the particular case where a constraint is applied on the boundary parameters, such that the transfer matrix spectrum and eigenstates can be characterized in terms of polynomial solutions of a usual T Q equation, the scalar product that we compute here corresponds to the scalar product between two off shell Bethe type states. If in addition one of the states is an eigenstate, the determinant representation can be simplified, hence leading in this boundary case to direct analogues of algebraic Bethe ansatz determinant representations of the scalar products for the periodic chain.
Overexpression of Rice Glutaredoxin OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 Reduces Intracellular Arsenic Accumulation and Increases Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are a family of small multifunctional proteins involved in various cellular functions, including redox regulation and protection under oxidative stress. Despite the high number of Grx genes in plant genomes (48 Grxs in rice) the biological functions and physiological roles of most of them remain unknown. Here, the functional characterization of the two arsenic responsive rice Grx family proteins, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 are reported. Over expression of OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana conferred arsenic (As) tolerance as reflected by germination, root growth assay, and whole plant growth. Also, the transgenic expression of OsGrxs displayed significantly reduced As accumulation in A. thaliana seeds and shoot tissues compared to WT plants during both AsIII and AsV stress. Thus, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 seem to be an important determinant of As stress response in plants. OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 transgenic showed to maintain intracellular GSH pool and involved in lowering AsIII accumulation either by extrusion or reducing uptake by altering the transcript of A. thaliana AtNIPs. Overall, OsGrx_C7 and OsGrx_C2.1 may represent a Grx family protein involved in As stress response and may allow a better understanding of the As induced stress pathways and the design of strategies for the improvement of stress tolerance as well as decreased As content in crops.
Overexpression of soybean miR172c confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress, but increases ABA sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
Venue: Journal of experimental botany

MiRNAs play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development and the response to the environment. The miR172 family has been shown to participate in the control of flowering time and the response to abiotic stress. This family regulates the expression of APETALA2 (AP2) like transcription factors in Arabidopsis. In the present study, soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. miR172c, a member of the miR172 family, and its target gene were investigated for abiotic stress responses in transgenic Arabidopsis. gma miR172c was induced by abscisic acid (ABA) treatments and abiotic stresses, including salt and water deficit. 5' RACE (5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends) assays indicated that miR172c directed Glyma01g39520 mRNA cleavage in soybeans. Overexpression of gma miR172c in Arabidopsis resulted in reduced leaf water loss and increased survival rate under stress conditions. Meanwhile, the root length, germination rate, and cotyledon greening of transgenic plants were improved during both high salt and water deficit conditions. In addition, transgenic plants exhibited hypersensitivity to ABA during both the seed germination and post germination seedling growth stages. Stress related physiological indicators and the expression of stress/ABA responsive genes were affected by abiotic treatments. The overexpression of gma miR172c in Arabidopsis promoted earlier flowering compared with the wild type through modulation of the expression of flowering genes, such as FT and LFY during long days, especially under drought conditions. Glyma01g39520 weakened ABA sensitivity and reduced the tolerance to drought stress in the snz mutant of Arabidopsis by reducing the expression of ABI3 and ABI5. Overall, the present results demonstrate that gma miR172c confers water deficit and salt tolerance but increased ABA sensitivity by regulating Glyma01g39520, which also accelerates flowering under abiotic stresses.
Towards efficient photosynthesis: overexpression of Zea mays phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Arabidopsis thaliana
Venue: Photosynthesis Research

Plants with C4 photosynthesis are efficient in carbon assimilation and have an advantage over C3 photosynthesis. In C4 photosynthesis, the primary CO2 fixation is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) Here, we show that overexpression of Zea mays PEPC cDNA, under the control of 35S promoter, in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in ~7 10 fold higher protein abundance and ~7 10 fold increase in PEPC activity in the transgenic lines than that in the vector control. We suggest that overexpression of PEPC played an anaplerotic role to increase the supply of 4 carbon carboxylic acids, which provided carbon skeletons for increased amino acid and protein synthesis. Higher protein content must have been responsible for increased metabolic processes including chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and respiration. Consequently, the PEPC overexpressed transgenic plants had higher chlorophyll content, enhanced electron transport rate (ETR) lower non photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and a higher performance index (PI) than the vector control. Consistent with these observations, the rate of CO2 assimilation, the starch content, and the dry weight of PEPC overexpressed plants increased by 14 18 10 18 and 6.5 16 respectively. Significantly, transgenics were tolerant to salt stress as they had increased ability to synthesize amino acids, including the osmolyte proline. NaCl (150 mM) treated transgenic plants had higher variable to maximum Chl a fluorescence (Fv/Fm) ratio, higher PI, higher ETR, and lower NPQ than the salt treated vector controls. These results suggest that expression of C4 photosynthesis enzyme(s) in a C3 plant can improve its photosynthetic capacity with enhanced tolerance to salinity stress.
Heterologous Overexpression of Poplar SnRK2 Genes Enhanced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

Subfamily 2 of SNF1 related protein kinase (SnRK2) plays important roles in plant abiotic stress responses as a global positive regulator of abscisic acid signaling. In the genome of the model tree Populus trichocarpa, 12 SnRK2 genes have been identified, and some are upregulated by abiotic stresses. In this study, we heterologously overexpressed the PtSnRK2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that overexpression of PtSnRK2.5 and PtSnRK2.7 genes enhanced stress tolerance. In the PtSnRK2.5 and PtSnRK2.7 overexpressors, chlorophyll content, and root elongation were maintained under salt stress conditions, leading to higher survival rates under salt stress compared with those in the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PtSnRK2.7 overexpression affected stress related metabolic genes, including lipid metabolism and flavonoid metabolism, even under normal growth conditions. However, the stress response genes reported to be upregulated in Arabidopsis SRK2C/SnRK2.6 and wheat SnRK2.8 overexpressors were not changed by PtSnRK2.7 overexpression. Furthermore, PtSnRK2.7 overexpression widely and largely influenced the transcriptome in response to salt stress; genes related to transport activity, including anion transport related genes, were characteristically upregulated, and a variety of metabolic genes were specifically downregulated. We also found that the salt stress response genes were greatly upregulated in the PtSnRK2.7 overexpressor. Taken together, poplar subclass 2 PtSnRK2 genes can modulate salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, through the activation of cellular signaling pathways in a different manner from that by herbal subclass 2 SnRK2 genes.
Overexpression of Actinidia deliciosa pyruvate decarboxylase 1 gene enhances waterlogging stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
Venue: Plant physiology and biochemistry PPB

Ethanolic fermentation is classically associated with waterlogging tolerance when plant cells switch from respiration to anaerobic fermentation. Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) which catalyzes the first step in this pathway, is thought to be the main regulatory enzyme. Here, we cloned a full length PDC cDNA sequence from kiwifruit, named AdPDC1. We determined the expression of the AdPDC1 gene in kiwifruit under different environmental stresses using qRT PCR, and the results showed that the increase of AdPDC1 expression during waterlogging stress was much higher than that during salt, cold, heat and drought stresses. Overexpression of kiwifruit AdPDC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced the resistance to waterlogging stress but could not enhance resistance to cold stress at five weeks old seedlings. Overexpression of kiwifruit AdPDC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis could not enhance resistance to NaCl and mannitol stresses at the stage of seed germination and in early seedlings. These results suggested that the kiwifruit AdPDC1 gene is required during waterlogging but might not be required during other environmental stresses. Expression of the AdPDC1 gene was down regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) in kiwifruit, and overexpression of the AdPDC1 gene in Arabidopsis inhibited seed germination and root length under ABA treatment, indicating that ABA might negatively regulate the AdPDC1 gene under waterlogging stress.
Control of electronic properties of 2D carbides (MXenes) by manipulating their transition metal layers.
Venue: Nanoscale horizons

In this study, a transition from metallic to semiconducting like behavior has been demonstrated in two dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides by replacing titanium with molybdenum in the outer transition metal (M) layers of M3C2 and M4C3 MXenes. The MXene structure consists of n 1 layers of near close packed M layers with C or N occupying the octahedral site between them in an [MX]nM arrangement. Recently, two new families of ordered 2D double transition metal carbides MXenes were discovered, M'2M''C2 and M'2M''2C3 where M' and M' are two different early transition metals, such as Mo, Cr, Ta, Nb, V, and Ti. The M' atoms only occupy the outer layers and the M' atoms fill the middle layers. In other words, M' atomic layers sandwich the middle M' C layers. Using X ray atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis on Mo2TiC2 and Mo2Ti2C3 MXenes, we present the first quantitative analysis of structures of these novel materials and experimentally confirm that Mo atoms are in the outer layers of the [MC]nM structures. The electronic properties of these Mo containing MXenes are compared with their Ti3C2 counterparts, and are found to be no longer metallic like conductors; instead the resistance increases mildly with decreasing temperatures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that OH terminated Mo Ti MXenes are semiconductors with narrow band gaps. Measurements of the temperature dependencies of conductivities and magnetoresistances have confirmed that Mo2TiC2Tx exhibits semiconductor like transport behavior, while Ti3C2Tx is a metal. This finding opens new avenues for the control of the electronic and optical applications of MXenes and for exploring new applications, in which semiconducting properties are required.
Android application based monitoring and controlling of movement of a remotely controlled robotic car mounted with various sensors via Bluetooth
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES)

We have designed and developed a robotic car with simple architecture by assembling open source hardware, Bluetooth module and advanced sensors. We have also developed an android application running on a smart phone which monitors and controls the operation of the robot via Bluetooth and can also access the sensors data. The car is programmed with auto obstacle detection and prevention algorithm based on ultrasonic ranging sensor. For monitoring purpose we have considered only temperature and humidity in the present work. But there is provision to connect other sensors too, viz. explosive detector or nuclear radiation detector based on requirement. The digital one wire temperature and humidity sensors are mounted to monitor real time temperature and humidity of the surrounding medium. The data of these parameters are displayed on the android application running remotely. In addition to this, the car is capable of transmitting live streaming video through an IP based Webcam, which helps in remotely monitoring and controlling the movement. The system has a provision of storing the data and retrieving it from the online database for analysis. In this paper we have discussed the hardware design, software aspects and test results of the system.
How Well Do Phonological Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming Correlate With Chinese Reading Accuracy and Fluency? A Meta Analysis

Previous meta analyses on the relationship between phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN) and reading have been conducted primarily in English, an atypical alphabetic orthography. Here, we aimed to examine the association between phonological awareness, RAN, and word reading in a nonalphabetic language (Chinese) A random effects model analysis of data from 35 studies revealed a moderate relationship of phonological awareness with reading accuracy (r .36) and reading fluency (r .39) RAN also correlated significantly with reading accuracy (r .38) and reading fluency (r .51) but its relationship varied as a function of test type (graphological RAN correlated more strongly with reading than nongraphological RAN) and reading outcome (RAN correlated more strongly with reading fluency than reading accuracy) Age/grade and dialect (Mandarin vs. Cantonese) did not influence the size of the correlations. Taken together, the findings of this meta analysis suggest that phonological awareness and RAN are universal correlates of word reading.
Symbolic Numerical Magnitude Processing Is as Important to Arithmetic as Phonological Awareness Is to Reading
Venue: PloS one

In this article, we tested, using a 1 year longitudinal design, whether symbolic numerical magnitude processing or children's numerical representation of Arabic digits, is as important to arithmetic as phonological awareness is to reading. Children completed measures of symbolic comparison, phonological awareness, arithmetic, reading at the start of third grade and the latter two were retested at the start of fourth grade. Cross sectional and longitudinal correlations indicated that symbolic comparison was a powerful domain specific predictor of arithmetic and that phonological awareness was a unique predictor of reading. Crucially, the strength of these independent associations was not significantly different. This indicates that symbolic numerical magnitude processing is as important to arithmetic development as phonological awareness is to reading and suggests that symbolic numerical magnitude processing is a good candidate for screening children at risk for developing mathematical difficulties.
Bidirectional relations between phonological awareness and letter knowledge in preschool revisited: A growth curve analysis of the relation between two code related skills.
Venue: Journal of experimental child psychology

Despite the importance of phonological awareness for the development of reading in alphabetic languages, little attention has been paid to its developmental origins. In this study, dual process, latent growth models were used to examine patterns of bidirectional relations between letter knowledge and phonological awareness during preschool. The sample comprised 358 children (mean age=48.60 months, SD=7.26) Growth models were used to quantify the unique longitudinal relations between the initial level of each skill and growth in the other skill during the preschool year, after controlling for initial level of the same skill, vocabulary, age, and growth in the code related skill being used as a predictor. Letter name knowledge and phonological awareness were bidirectionally related; the initial level of each uniquely predicted growth in the other. Initial letter sound knowledge and phonological awareness growth were not uniquely related, and vocabulary was not related to growth in phonological awareness. These findings extend the evidence of the relation between letter knowledge and phonological awareness to supra phonemic tasks, indicating that this bidirectional relation begins at an earlier point in the development of phonological awareness than previously reported. In addition, these findings help to rule out general growth in letter knowledge and phonological awareness as an alternative explanation for the bidirectional relation between these two code related skills.
A school based phonological awareness intervention for struggling readers in early French immersion

The current intervention study investigated the sustained effectiveness of phonological awareness training on the reading development of 16 children in French immersion who were identified as at risk readers based on grade 1 English measures. The intervention program provided children from three cohorts with supplemental reading in small groups on a withdrawal basis. Children in the experimental group (n 5) received English phonological awareness training in combination with letter sound correspondence instruction twice per week for 18 consecutive weeks, while those in the control condition (n 7) engaged in English vocabulary building activities. Significant gains were made after the training and maintained for 2 years on both French phonological awareness and French word reading skills for the experimental group. Results suggest that a phonologically based intervention in English can effectively address phonological awareness deficits and facilitate reading acquisition for French immersion children who may be at risk for later reading difficulties.
The Administrative Psychiatric Evaluation.
Venue: Journal of graduate medical education

J enny is a postgraduate year 2 resident in psychiatry with satisfactory rotation evaluations in the middle range of her class, with no incidents. One day, she is asked why she decided to become a physician. She states that she had major depressive disorder as a teenager, and she decided to specialize in psychiatry to help teenagers with similar problems. Her response is relayed to hospital management. Can the hospital request that she undergo an administrative psychiatric evaluation? Program directors sometimes request that a resident undergo an administrative psychiatric evaluation to ensure patient safety. Still, what are the laws that apply to these requests? The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits an employer from requesting psychiatric information from, or requiring a psychiatric evaluation of, an employee unless there is a reasonable belief based on objective evidence that
An alternative model for the origin of gaps in circumstellar disks

Motivated by recent observational and numerical studies suggesting that collapsing protostellar cores may be replenished from the local environment, we explore the evolution of protostellar cores submerged in the external counter rotating environment. These models predict the formation of counter rotating disks with a deep gap in the gas surface density separating the inner disk (corotating with the star) and the outer counter rotating disk. The properties of these gaps are compared to those of planet bearing gaps that form in disks hosting giant planets. We employ numerical hydrodynamics simulations of collapsing cores that are replenished from the local counter rotating environment, as well as numerical hydrodynamic simulations of isolated disks hosting giant planets, to derive the properties of the gaps that form in both cases. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that counter rotating disks can form for a wide range of mass and angular momentum available in the local environment. The gap that separates both disks has a depletion factor smaller than 1% can be located at a distance from ten to over a hundred AU from the star, and can propagate inward with velocity ranging from 1 AU/Myr to >100 AU/Myr. Unlike our previous conclusion, the gap can therefore be a long lived phenomenon, comparable in some cases to the lifetime of the disk itself. For a proper choice of the planetary mass, the viscous \alpha parameter and the disk mass, the planet bearing gaps and the gaps in counter rotating disks may show a remarkable similarity in the gas density profile and depletion factor, which may complicate their observational differentiation.
Semen characteristics and cardiac enzymes in healthy male cats fed with commercial cat food containing Yucca schidigera.

This study has been designed to examine the effect on cardiovascular enzymes, testosterone and semen characteristics of the Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) used as a feed additive in commercial cat food for the purpose of decreasing faecal odour in male cats. In eighteen healthy male cats, while the biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI) known as the "gold standard" for cardiovascular assessment in cats was used, creatin kinase MB (CK MB) total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also investigated as aiding parameters. The level of cTnI was 0.16+ 0.03 ng/ml before feeding without YSE. It was found 0.20+ 0.04 ng/ml after feeding with YSE. Similarly, results of the study demonstrated that there was no difference statistically in cardiovascular or lipidic parameters after feeding on this type of cat food for 12 weeks. The level of testosterone was 0.29+ 0.01 ng/ml before feeding without YSE. It was found 0.21+ 0.02 ng/ml after feeding with YSE. (P>0.05) Therefore, semen analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in sperm motility alongside a significant decrease in sperm abnormalities. The mean volume, concentration, motility and total sperm defect rates were 118.61+ 8.55 ml, 197.78+ 12.83x106/ml, 83.33+ 1.06% and 27.22+ 1.33% before feeding without YSE, respectively. These values were 213.06+ 21.29 mL, 300.56+ 16.59x106/ml, 90.00+ 1.07% and 18.67+ 0.59% after feeding with YSE, respectively. The differences between these values were statistically significant (P<0.001) It was concluded at the end of the study that the commercial cat food containing Yucca schidigera extract could be beneficial effects of the sperm volume, concentration, motility and total morphological defect rates in healthy male cats.