nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Drought stress and carbon assimilation in a warming climate: Reversible and irreversible impacts.
Venue: Journal of plant physiology

Global change is characterized by increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, increasing average temperature and more frequent extreme events including drought periods, heat waves and flooding. Especially the impacts of drought and of elevated temperature on carbon assimilation are considered in this review. Effects of extreme events on the subcellular level as well as on the whole plant level may be reversible, partially reversible or irreversible. The photosynthetically active biomass depends on the number and the size of mature leaves and the photosynthetic activity in this biomass during stress and subsequent recovery phases. The total area of active leaves is determined by leaf expansion and senescence, while net photosynthesis per leaf area is primarily influenced by stomatal opening (stomatal conductance) mesophyll conductance, activity of the photosynthetic apparatus (light absorption and electron transport, activity of the Calvin cycle) and CO2 release by decarboxylation reactions (photorespiration, dark respiration) Water status, stomatal opening and leaf temperature represent a "magic triangle" of three strongly interacting parameters. The response of stomata to altered environmental conditions is important for stomatal limitations. Rubisco protein is quite thermotolerant, but the enzyme becomes at elevated temperature more rapidly inactivated (decarbamylation, reversible effect) and must be reactivated by Rubisco activase (carbamylation of a lysine residue) Rubisco activase is present under two forms (encoded by separate genes or products of alternative splicing of the pre mRNA from one gene) and is very thermosensitive. Rubisco activase was identified as a key protein for photosynthesis at elevated temperature (non stomatal limitation) During a moderate heat stress Rubisco activase is reversibly inactivated, but during a more severe stress (higher temperature and/or longer exposure) the protein is irreversibly inactivated, insolubilized and finally degraded. On the level of the leaf, this loss of photosynthetic activity may still be reversible when new Rubisco activase is produced by protein synthesis. Rubisco activase as well as enzymes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species or in osmoregulation are considered as important targets for breeding crop plants which are still productive under drought and/or at elevated leaf temperature in a changing climate.
Reduced translocation of current photosynthate precedes changes in gas exchange for Quercus rubra seedlings under flooding stress.
Venue: Tree physiology

Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. seedlings are frequently planted on suboptimal sites in their native range in North America, subjecting them to environmental stresses, such as flooding, for which they may not be well adapted. Members of the genus Quercus exhibit a wide range of responses to flooding, and responses of northern red oak to flooding remain inadequately described. To better understand the physiological effects of root system inundation in post transplant northern red oak seedlings and the effects of flooding on endogenous patterns of resource allocation within the plant, we observed the effects of short term flooding initiated at the linear shoot growth stage on net photosynthetic rates, dark respiration, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and translocation of (13)C labeled current photosynthate. Downward translocation of current photosynthate declined after 4 days of flooding and was the first measured physiological response to flooding; net photosynthetic rates decreased and dark respiration rates increased after 7 days of flooding. Short term flooding did not affect maximal potential efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) The finding that decreased downward translocation of (13)C labeled current photosynthate preceded reduced net photosynthesis and increased dark respiration during flooding suggests the occurrence of sink limited photosynthesis under these conditions.
Impact of an Emergency Department Observation Unit Management Algorithm for Atrial Fibrillation
Venue: Journal of the American Heart Association

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, growing, and costly medical condition. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a management algorithm for symptomatic AF that used an emergency department observation unit on hospital admission rates and patient outcomes.  This retrospective cohort study compared 563 patients who presented consecutively in the year after implementation of the algorithm, from July 2013 through June 2014 (intervention group) with 627 patients in a historical cohort (preintervention group) who presented consecutively from July 2011 through June 2012. All patients who consented to have their records used for chart review were included if they had a primary final emergency department diagnosis of AF. We observed no significant differences in age, sex, vital signs, body mass index, or CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score between the preintervention and intervention groups. The rate of inpatient admission was significantly lower in the intervention group (from 45% to 36% P<0.001) The groups were not significantly different with regard to rates of return emergency department visits (19% versus 17% P=0.48) hospitalization (18% versus 16% P=0.22) or adverse events (2% versus 2% P=0.95) within 30 days. Emergency department observation unit admissions were 40% (P<0.001) less costly than inpatient hospital admissions of =1 day's duration.  Implementation of an emergency department observation unit AF algorithm was associated with significantly decreased hospital admissions without increasing the rates of return emergency department visits, hospitalization, or adverse events within 30 days.
RELACION ENTRE LA DIVERSIFICACION DE PRODUCTOS Y LA RENTABILIDAD EMPRESARIAL

El objetivo del presente articulo es evidenciar avances investigativos respecto a propuestas teoricas, a partir de pruebas empiricas, sobre la relacion de la diversificacion de la cartera de productos en los resultados empresariales, subrayando en teorias de diversificacion y rentabilidad; se busca analizar la dinamica de las empresas dentro de un proceso de transformacion basada en alcanzar resultados rentables. Al momento de utilizar las proyecciones financieras en la investigacion se determino una relacion entre el pasado y el futuro de la empresa, factor que permitio concluir que la rentabilidad empresarial es directamente proporcional a la diversificacion de la cartera de productos de una empresa.
Soft tissue deformation for surgical simulation: a position based dynamics approach
Venue: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

PurposeTo assist the rehearsal and planning of robot assisted partial nephrectomy, a real time simulation platform is presented that allows surgeons to visualise and interact with rapidly constructed patient specific biomechanical models of the anatomical regions of interest. Coupled to a framework for volumetric deformation, the platform furthermore simulates intracorporeal 2D ultrasound image acquisition, using preoperative imaging as the data source. This not only facilitates the planning of optimal transducer trajectories and viewpoints, but can also act as a validation context for manually operated freehand 3D acquisitions and reconstructions.MethodsThe simulation platform was implemented within the GPU accelerated NVIDIA FleX position based dynamics framework. In order to validate the model and determine material properties and other simulation parameter values, a porcine kidney with embedded fiducial beads was CT scanned and segmented. Acquisitions for the rest position and three different levels of probe induced deformation were collected. Optimal values of the cluster stiffness coefficients were determined for a range of different particle radii, where the objective function comprised the mean distance error between real and simulated fiducial positions over the sequence of deformations.ResultsThe mean fiducial error at each deformation stage was found to be compatible with the level of ultrasound probe calibration error typically observed in clinical practice. Furthermore, the simulation exhibited unconditional stability on account of its use of clustered shape matching constraints.ConclusionsA novel position based dynamics implementation of soft tissue deformation has been shown to facilitate several desirable simulation characteristics: real time performance, unconditional stability, rapid model construction enabling patient specific behaviour and accuracy with respect to reference CT images.
Rheology Guided Rational Selection of Processing Temperature To Prepare Copovidone Nifedipine Amorphous Solid Dispersions via Hot Melt Extrusion (HME)
Venue: Molecular pharmaceutics

The production of amorphous solid dispersions via hot melt extrusion (HME) relies on elevated temperature and prolonged residence time, which can result in potential degradation and decomposition of thermally sensitive components. Herein, the rheological properties of a physical mixture of polymer and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) were utilized to guide the selection of appropriate HME processing temperature. In the currently studied copovidone nifedipine system, a critical temperature, which is substantially lower ~13 degC) than the melting point of crystalline API, was captured during a temperature ramp examination and regarded as the critical point at which the API could molecularly dissolve into the polymer. Based on the identification of this critical point, various solid dispersions were prepared by HME processing below, at, and above the critical temperature (both below and above the melting temperature (Tm) of crystalline API) In addition, the resultant extrudates along with two control solid dispersions prepared by physical mixing and cryogenic milling were assessed by X ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, rheology, and solid state NMR. Physicochemical properties of resultant solid dispersions indicated that the identified critical temperature is sufficient for the polymer API system to reach a molecular level mixing, manifested by the transparent and smooth appearance of extrudates, the absence of API crystalline diffraction and melting peaks, dramatically decreased rheological properties, and significantly improved polymer API miscibility. Once the critical temperature has been achieved, further raising the processing temperature only results in limited improvement of API dispersion, reflected by slightly reduced storage modulus and complex viscosity and limited improvement in miscibility.
Fulminant Myocarditis with Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved clinical outcomes associated with numerous cancers, but high grade, immune related adverse events can occur, particularly with combination immunotherapy. We report the cases of two patients with melanoma in whom fatal myocarditis developed after treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab. In both patients, there was development of myositis with rhabdomyolysis, early progressive and refractory cardiac electrical instability, and myocarditis with a robust presence of T cell and macrophage infiltrates. Selective clonal T cell populations infiltrating the myocardium were identical to those present in tumors and skeletal muscle. Pharmacovigilance studies show that myocarditis occurred in 0.27% of patients treated with a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab, which suggests that our patients were having a rare, potentially fatal, T cell driven drug reaction.
Maths anxiety in psychology undergraduates: A mixed methods approach to formulating and implementing interventions

MATHEMATICS ANXIETY is defined in the literature as feelings of tension or fear that appear when a person is required to undertake a maths performance task (Ashcraft, 2002) At university level, it can lead to students purposely avoiding subjects or modules that have a high maths content (e.g. Hopko et al. 1998; Llabre Suarez, 1985) and, post university, taking a less than optimum career path (Durrani Tariq, 2012) A number of studies have attempted to reduce maths anxiety in undergraduate students through the use of interventions. Iossi (2007) categorised these under three different headings: curricular, instructional and non instructional strategies. Here we review the literature using Iossi's categorisations. Curricular strategies refer to courses offered by universities that aim to reduce student maths anxiety. Carroll Gill (2012) and Gordon Nicholas (2013) discussed the use of 'mathematics bridging' courses to reintroduce mathematics to new university students, their findings suggesting that such courses can ameliorate some aspects of anxiety. Other research (e.g. Keeley, Zayac Correia, 2008; Maloney Beilock, 2012) supports the use of lectures designed to instruct potentially at risk students on the nature of maths anxiety, and strategies regarding how it can be reduced. In contrast, Wilson (1999a) stated that directly addressing anxiety might increase student discomfort. Also, while curriculum strategies are used in many universities, literature on the success of these interventions is scarce. Hembree (1990) in his meta analysis of the literature, concluded that such interventions were, in fact, not effective in significantly reducing student maths anxiety. Instructional strategies, according to Iossi (2007) derive from the teacher, instead of the general university originated curriculum. These can include manipulationbased interventions, involving students working with some applied, hands on task.
The Chicken or the Egg? The Direction of the Relationship Between Mathematics Anxiety and Mathematics Performance
Venue: Front. Psychol.

This review considers the two possible causal directions between mathematics anxiety (MA) and poor mathematics performance. Either poor maths performance may elicit MA (referred to as the Deficit Theory) or MA may reduce future maths performance (referred to as the Debilitating Anxiety Model) The evidence is in conflict: the Deficit Theory is supported by longitudinal studies and studies of children with mathematical learning disabilities, but the Debilitating Anxiety Model is supported by research which manipulates anxiety levels and observes a change in mathematics performance. It is suggested that this mixture of evidence might indicate a bidirectional relationship between MA and mathematics performance (the Reciprocal Theory) in which MA and mathematics performance can influence one another in a vicious cycle.
Effect of a universal anxiety prevention programme (FRIENDS) on children's academic performance: results from a randomised controlled trial
Venue: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

Evaluations of school based anxiety prevention programmes have reported improvements in psychological functioning although little is known about their effect upon educational outcomes.  One thousand three hundred and sixty two children from 40 primary schools in England took part in the randomised controlled trial, Preventing Anxiety in Children through Education in Schools. The trial investigated the effectiveness of a universal school based cognitive behaviour therapy prevention programme, FRIENDS, delivered by health care staff or school staff compared with usual personal, social, health and education (PSHE) lessons. Self report psychological outcomes and educational attainment on national standardised attainment tests in reading, writing and maths were collected 12 months postintervention. Analysis was performed at individual level using multivariable mixed effect models controlling for gender, type of intervention and school effect.   At 12 months, anxiety reduced in the health led FRIENDS group compared to school led FRIENDS and PSHE. There were no between group differences in academic performance regardless of gender, deprivation, ethnicity and additional educational needs.  School based mental health interventions should assess psychological and educational outcomes. Further research should directly compare the effects of interventions led by health and school staff.
SOLAR POWERED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE

The main objective of this paper is to provide auto irrigation system to sense the soil moisture level. And this level of sensing is done by soil moisture sensor which detects the moisture level and also provides moisture level to various crops in a controlled manner. When the moisture level of the soil is decreased below a certain level then the sensor sends the detected value to the microcontroller. According to the value that is sensed by the sensor, the water is supplied to the crops automatically to the desired level in order to maintain the moisture content in the soil. The theme of this paper is to reduce the human intervention (farmers) and use solar energy which is one of the non renewable sources for irrigation purpose. The overall system controlled by the PIC microcontroller.
Near Real Time Hybrid System Identification Framework for Civil Structures with Application to Burj Khalifa

AbstractThis study proposes a near real time hybrid framework for system identification (SI) of structures using data from structural health monitoring systems. To account for both stationary/weakly nonstationary response under normal conditions (e.g. extratropical winds and/or ambient excitations) and transient/highly nonstationary response under transient events (e.g. earthquakes, windstorms, or time varying traffic loadings) a hybrid framework is introduced by integrating a new nonstationary SI scheme based on wavelets in tandem with transformed singular value decomposition, and a robust stationary SI scheme called covariance driven stochastic subspace identification. Extensive numerical simulations as well as analysis of full scale data are conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the scheme. To facilitate expeditious and convenient utilization of this framework in a practical application, a web enabled approach and its workflow concerning measurements of the world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, ar.
10.6% Certified Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells via Solvent Polarity Engineered Halide Passivation.
Venue: Nano letters

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells are solution processed photovoltaics with broad spectral absorption tunability. Major advances in their efficiency have been made via improved CQD surface passivation and device architectures with enhanced charge carrier collection. Herein, we demonstrate a new strategy to improve further the passivation of CQDs starting from the solution phase. A cosolvent system is employed to tune the solvent polarity in order to achieve the solvation of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and the dispersion of hydrophobic PbS CQDs simultaneously in a homogeneous phase, otherwise not achieved in a single solvent. This process enables MAI to access the CQDs to confer improved passivation. This, in turn, allows for efficient charge extraction from a thicker photoactive layer device, leading to a certified solar cell power conversion efficiency of 10.6% a new certified record in CQD photovoltaics.
Stacked Attention Networks for Image Question Answering
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

This paper presents stacked attention networks (SANs) that learn to answer natural language questions from images. SANs use semantic representation of a question as query to search for the regions in an image that are related to the answer. We argue that image question answering (QA) often requires multiple steps of reasoning. Thus, we develop a multiple layer SAN in which we query an image multiple times to infer the answer progressively. Experiments conducted on four image QA data sets demonstrate that the proposed SANs significantly outperform previous state of the art approaches. The visualization of the attention layers illustrates the progress that the SAN locates the relevant visual clues that lead to the answer of the question layer by layer.
Plant Disease Detection by Imaging Sensors Parallels and Specific Demands for Precision Agriculture and Plant Phenotyping.
Venue: Plant disease

Early and accurate detection and diagnosis of plant diseases are key factors in plant production and the reduction of both qualitative and quantitative losses in crop yield. Optical techniques, such as RGB imaging, multi and hyperspectral sensors, thermography, or chlorophyll fluorescence, have proven their potential in automated, objective, and reproducible detection systems for the identification and quantification of plant diseases at early time points in epidemics. Recently, 3D scanning has also been added as an optical analysis that supplies additional information on crop plant vitality. Different platforms from proximal to remote sensing are available for multiscale monitoring of single crop organs or entire fields. Accurate and reliable detection of diseases is facilitated by highly sophisticated and innovative methods of data analysis that lead to new insights derived from sensor data for complex plant pathogen systems. Nondestructive, sensor based methods support and expand upon visual and/or molecular approaches to plant disease assessment. The most relevant areas of application of sensor based analyses are precision agriculture and plant phenotyping.
SemEval 2016 Task 14: Semantic Taxonomy Enrichment
Venue: *SEMEVAL

Manually constructed taxonomies provide a crucial resource for many NLP technologies, yet these resources are often limited in their lexical coverage due to their construction procedure. While multiple approaches have been proposed to enrich such taxonomies with new concepts, these techniques are typically evaluated by measuring the accuracy at identifying relationships between words, e.g. that a dog is a canine, rather relationships between specific concepts. Task 14 provides an evaluation framework for automatic taxonomy enrichment techniques by measuring the placement of a new concept into an existing taxonomy: Given a new word and its definition, systems were asked to attach or merge the concept into an existing WordNet concept. Five teams submitted 13 systems to the task, all of which were able to improve over the random baseline system. However, only one participating system outperformed the second, morecompetitive baseline that attaches a new term to the first word in its gloss with the appropriate part of speech, which indicates that techniques must be adapted to exploit the structure of glosses.
Deftor at SemEval 2016 Task 14: Taxonomy enrichment using definition vectors
Venue: *SEMEVAL

In this paper we describe the participation of the Joint Research Centre, EC, in task 14 Semantic Taxonomy Enrichment at SemEval 2016. The algorithm which we propose transforms each candidate definition into a term vector, where each dimension represents a term and its value is calculated by TF.IDF. We attach the candidate term as a hyponym to the WordNet synset with the most similar definition. The results we obtained are encouraging, considering the simplicity of our approach. The obtained F measure is below the average, but above one of the baselines.