nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Soft Tissue Triangle, Alar Margin Furrow, and Alar Ridge Aesthetics: Analysis and Use of the Articulate Alar Rim Graft.
Venue: Facial plastic surgery FPS

The alar lobule, alar margin, and soft triangle facet are receiving more attention in the literature as critical elements to address both preoperatively and during rhinoplasty. We have found that the use of the articulated alar rim graft (AARG) corrects deficiencies in these areas as well as provides mechanical stability to the external valve. In this article, we describe indications for AARG, describe in detail the procedure for AARG placement, and highlight the transformation AARGs can achieve in two illustrated case studies.
Technique in Cleft Rhinoplasty: The Foundation Graft.
Venue: Facial plastic surgery FPS

Secondary cleft rhinoplasty represents a particular surgical challenge. The authors have identified the deficit in skeletal projection of the cleft sided piriform rim as an important contributor to the pathology. A graft is described to augment the piriform crest on the cleft side. This foundation graft is suture fixated to the piriform crest after complete release of all soft tissue attachments to the alar base. The foundation graft is articulated with a long alar strut graft, which allows for powerful projection of the cleft sided nasal tip. An advancement flap of vestibular skin is described to correct the vestibular stenosis. A transplant of diced cartilage in fascia is added to augment maxillary soft tissue volume. Subjective and objective measures of form and function are presented in a retrospective series of five cases, illustrating the efficacy of the techniques described.
Robot Science Discussion on the Onset of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

This study proposes a consciousness model that simulates the onset process of the symptoms of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) using a conscious system constructed with Module of Nerves for Advanced Dynamics (MoNAD) consciousness modules. This paper discusses the possibility of employing the conscious system under development in order to promote a better understanding of severe human metal disorders such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and DID. We considered the symptoms of DID to be a problem of what is called "self dispersion" in robot science, and developed a program with which we believe it will become possible to grasp the development process of DID more objectively.
Inductive Transfer for Text Classification using Generalized Reliability Indicators

Machine learning researchers face the omnipresent challenge of developing predictive models that converge rapidly in accuracy with increases in the quantity of scarce labeled training data. We introduce Layered AbstractionBased Ensemble Learning (LABEL) a method that shows promise in improving generalization performance by exploiting additional labeled data drawn from related discrimination tasks within a corpus and from other corpora. LABEL rst maps the original feature space, targeted at predicting membership in a specic topic, to a new feature space aimed at modeling the reliability of an ensemble of text classiers. The resulting abstracted representation is invariant across each of the binary discrimination tasks, allowing the data to be pooled. We then construct a context sensitive combination rule for each task using the pooled data. Thus, we are able to more accurately model domain structure which would not have been possible using only the limited labeled data from each task separately. Using several corpora for an empirical evaluation of topic classication accuracy of text documents, we demonstrate that LABEL can increase the generalization performance across a set of related tasks.
LOAN DELINQUENCY IN MULTI PURPOSE COOPERATIVE UNION IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA LE PROBLEME DU NON REMBOURSEMENT DES PRETS DE L'UNION COOPERATIVE A OBJECTIFS MULTIPLES DANS L'ETAT DE KWARA AU NIGERIA

The concern with agricultural credit in recent years is an indication of the growing awareness of the vital supportive role of credit in agricultural development. This is clearly manifested in the promulgation of various credit programs and policies, the basic thrust of which is to reorient agricultural credit activities towards preferred areas of financing, and away from the traditional biases that marked the credit system in the past. Although notable gains have already been achieved in this direction, critical problems and issues remain to be resolved, particularly in the area of non repayment of loans. It is in the light of that this study was undertaken. The objective of the research thus, were to assess the repayment capacity of the farmers of Owolowo Multi purpose Cooperative Union and then determine major factors associated with arrearages problem by considering the view points of both lenders and borrowers and then suggest strategies that might mitigate the problem.
A Thematic Analysis of Online Discussion Boards for Brachial Plexus Injury.
Venue: The Journal of hand surgery

Patients with brachial plexus injury (BPI) and their family members contribute to Internet discussion groups dedicated to BPI. We hypothesized that a thematic analysis of posts from BPI Internet discussion groups would reveal common themes related to the BPI patient experience, providing topics for patient education and counseling.  Internet discussion boards were identified using the search term "brachial plexus injury support group" in Google, Bing, and Yahoo! search engines. Two discussion boards had substantially more posts than other Web sites and were chosen for analyses. Posts from January 1, 2015, through January 1, 2016, were examined. Using an iterative and established process, 2 investigators (M.T.M. and C.J.D) independently analyzed each post using thematic analysis in 3 steps (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) to determine common themes. In this process, each post was reviewed 3 times.  A total of 328 posts from the 2 leading discussion boards were analyzed. Investigators reached a consensus on themes for all posts. One central theme focused on emotional aspects of BPI. Four other central themes regarding information support were identified: BPI disease, BPI treatment, recovery after BPI treatment, and process of seeking care for BPI.  Examination of posts on Internet support groups for BPI revealed recurring concerns, questions, and opinions of patients and their family members. The most common themes related to disease information, treatment, recovery, and the emotional element of BPI.  These findings provide a helpful starting point in refining topics for patient education and support that are targeted on patients' interests and concerns.
An Empirical Analysis of Local Government Social Media Communication: Models of E government Interactivity and Public Relations
Venue: DG.O

In this study we analyze the communication of local government departments on a social media platform. We analyze Facebook messages according to three models of e government interactivity, namely: one way push, two way pull, and networking, which we integrate with the Excellence theory of public relations by adding the fourth model we term impression management. We conduct a content analysis on 1,472 posts of 52 distinct municipal level departments of 16 cities across the U.S. We find that most content examined refers to one way push communication, or the provision of information about policy or department related matters. We also find that much of the content is used for impression management or favorable publicity, which includes an attention to positive imagery and acknowledgements of appreciation toward others. Collaborative or networking type of activity is adopted less than ten percent of the time. We also explore the differences in social media communication strategies across different types of organizations and provide measures of page and content popularity. We find significant differences in strategies and suggest explanations based on a socio technical view of technology adoption and the particularities of the organizations' missions and purposes. We end this paper with a discussion on the benefits and perils of social media government communication. We suggest that future research may fruitfully examine the factors that contribute to the different levels of interactivity that are observed in the use of these platforms by governments.
End to End Training of Deep Visuomotor Policies
Venue: J. Mach. Learn. Res.

Policy search methods can allow robots to learn control policies for a wide range of tasks, but practical applications of policy search often require hand engineered components for perception, state estimation, and low level control. In this paper, we aim to answer the following question: does training the perception and control systems jointly end to end provide better performance than training each component separately? To this end, we develop a method that can be used to learn policies that map raw image observations directly to torques at the robot's motors. The policies are represented by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with 92,000 parameters, and are trained using a partially observed guided policy search method, which transforms policy search into supervised learning, with supervision provided by a simple trajectory centric reinforcement learning method. We evaluate our method on a range of real world manipulation tasks that require close coordination between vision and control, such as screwing a cap onto a bottle, and present simulated comparisons to a range of prior policy search methods.
Disgust and imaginal exposure to memories of sexual trauma: Implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress.
Venue: Psychological trauma theory, research, practice and policy

Emerging evidence identifies disgust as a common and persistent reaction following sexual victimization that is linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Importantly, evidence suggests that compared with fear, disgust may be less responsive to repeated exposure, which may have implications for the treatment of PTSD. The current study sought to fill a gap in the existing literature by examining reductions in sexual trauma cue elicited disgust and anxiety upon repeated imaginal exposure.  Seventy two women with a history of sexual victimization completed a single laboratory based session that involved repeated imaginal exposure to idiographic disgust and fear focused sexual trauma scripts.  Results demonstrated that although anxiety and disgust declined at similar rates across exposure trials (t .24, p .81) ratings of disgust (B0 61.93) were elevated compared with ratings of anxiety at initiation (B0 51.03; t 4.49, p .001) of exposure even when accounting for severity of PTSD symptoms. Moreover, change in disgust significantly predicted improvement in script elicited PTSD symptoms across the course of exposure for individuals exhibiting significant decline in anxiety (B .006, t 2.00, p .048) Change in script elicited PTSD symptoms was minimal (and was not predicted by the decline in disgust) for individuals exhibiting less change in anxiety (B .002, t 0.46, p .65)  These results add to an increasing literature documenting the importance of disgust in the development, maintenance, and treatment of sexual trauma related PTSD.
Result based agri environment measures: Market based instruments, incentives or rewards? The case of Baden Wurttemberg

Result based agri environment measures are increasingly seen as an interesting way to improve the conditionality and efficiency of the use of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) funding for environmental land management. They differ from classical action based measures in that they remunerate farmers to achieve a desired outcome, and not for complying with a set of rules. We have analysed MEKA B4, the result based agrienvironment measure in place in Baden Wurttemberg (Germany) between 2000 and 2014, which aimed to preserve species rich grassland. In order to do so, we carried out semi structured face to face interviews with participating and non participating farmers and key institutional actors. We argue that MEKA B4 could be considered a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) but only if a broad definition is adopted, as the payment appeared to cover the opportunity costs of only some categories of farmers (e.g. part time farmers, less productive fields, hay producers) but it was too low to cover those of intensive cattle raisers and biogas producers, partly due to the changing market conditions (e.g. fluctuating and decreasing price of hay; incentives to produce biogas) In fact, in general most farmers were motivated to join the scheme by a combination of extrinsic motivations (i.e. the monetary incentive) and intrinsic motivations (i.e. ethical reasons) Increasing the payment, as has been done in the new version of the scheme (FAKT B3) may help to ensure a wider enrolment in the measure in the long term. However, the interaction with biogas subsidies and other measures of the FAKT programme may hamper the farmers' enrolment. This shows the need to improve the integration and coherence of environmental policies that have different objectives.
Import substitution in the Russian agri food market: Expectations and capabilities

Problems of national farm industry dependence on imported agricultural components are shown in the article. Conditions for the effective agro industrial complex operation, capable to provide import substitution are analyzed. Special aspects of both national based and foreign based innovations production development are emphasized. Availability of resources and measures to ensure import substitution on the agri food market are considered. The method for cost based product price calculation is proposed taking into account fluctuations of the foreign currency. Farmers' views on factors determining the situation in agriculture are presented. To sum it up, potential capacity and conditions providing food import substitution are determined.
An Analysis of Moldova's Agri food Products Competitiveness on the EU Market

The paper presents the competitive advantages and disadvantages of Moldova's agri food products and its potential on the EU market. In this context, the changes in the agri food trade structure and pattern trade flows are analyzed. In the given research secondary data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics is used. The study analyzestime series from the period 2001 2014. The analysis includes data of the 24 groups of commodities belonging to agricultural and food products according to the international nomenclature for the classification of products Harmonized Sections 2012 in two digits (HS 01 24) For assessing the competitiveness of the Moldova's agri food products on the EU market the RTA index is calculated. The obtained results reveal which commodities chapters are competitive, which do not have revealed trade advantages and to those which have some potential and its competitiveness could be improved.
Pricing to market behaviour of India's high value agri food exporters: an empirical analysis of major destination markets

The pricing behaviour of India's high value agricultural and food exporters in their major destination markets is examined using a pricing to market (PTM) model for noncompetitive and exchange rate related pricing behaviour. The analysis was undertaken in a context where India is showing high commodity concentration in agricultural trade. The econometric analysis employed is panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) estimation technique. The results indicated evidence of a greater degree of imperfect competition either through price discrimination across destinations or through imperfect exchange rate pass through. The analysis of exchange rate effects showed that the local currency price stabilization by the Indian exporters were more prominent than the amplification of exchange rates. The analysis of the asymmetric effects of exchange rates on export prices showed that in most cases the depreciation of Indian rupee had a greater impact than the appreciation. Moreover the results showed that the exchange rate pass through is sensitive to the kind of exchange rate index utilised. In our analysis we found that the commodity specific exchange rate better predicts the pricing to market behaviour in most cases.
Hydrogen production by immobilized Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The ability of the immobilized Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells to produce hydrogen via an indirect light driven process was investigated. Cells were successfully immobilized in a calcium alginate gel matrix. Beads were prepared by using 3% (w/v) alginate and 2% (w/v) calcium chloride, and were stable showing minimal cell leakage. Beads had a mean diameter of 5.06 0.18 mm, a volume of 67.8 2.4 mL and a mean cell dry weight of 46.3 0.8 mg. Immobilized cells retained their viability, as shown by measurement of the F v /F m ratio, for at least 30 days. The maximum rate of hydrogen production reached 5.73 0.69 mL H 2 mg cells 1 (e.g. 40.6 4.9 mmol H 2 mg chl 1 h 1
Ten Years of WMT Evaluation Campaigns: Lessons Learnt

The WMT evaluation campaign (http:/www.statmt.org/wmt16) has been run annually since 2006. It is a collection of shared tasks related to machine translation, in which researchers compare their techniques against those of others in the field. The longest running task in the campaign is the translation task, where participants translate a common test set with their MT systems. In addition to the translation task, we have also included shared tasks on evaluation: both on automatic metrics (since 2008) which compare the reference to the MT system output, and on quality estimation (since 2012) where system output is evaluated without a reference. An important component of WMT has always been the manual evaluation, wherein human annotators are used to produce the official ranking of the systems in each translation task. This reflects the belief of the WMT organizers that human judgement should be the ultimate arbiter of MT quality. Over the years, we have experimented with different methods of improving the reliability, efficiency and discriminatory power of these judgements. In this paper we report on our experiences in running this evaluation campaign, the current state of the art in MT evaluation (both human and automatic) and our plans for future editions of WMT.
A Usability Framework for Electronic Health Records in Nigerian Healthcare Sector

The usability of Electronic Health Record systems, while recognized as critical for successful adoption and meaningful use, has not historically received the same level of attention as other software features, functions, and technical requirements. In the Nigerian healthcare sector, it was observed that only few had adopted the use of electronic health record. The traditional method of keeping patient records which involves the use of paper and files is the system that is practiced till date. This paper based system had been useful but no longer adequate as a result of some likely errors that occur like illegible handwriting of medical practitioners, improper care of patients' record, poor accessibility rate to patient's files, high cost of registration and payment for treatments; as well as wrong diagnosis due to inaccurate diagnostic decisions made. Although there are numerous EHR in market and due to the importance of this software, it is necessary to determine the usability of the software. Hence, this paper proposed a framework that enhances the usability of Electronic Health Record systems in Nigeria healthcare sectors. KeywordsElectronic Health Record (EHR) system, Paper based system, Healthcare sector, Adoption, Usability.
Inadequate Systems to Support Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening in Primary Care Practice
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine

BackgroundDespite substantial resources devoted to cancer screening nationally, the availability of clinical practice based systems to support screening guidelines is not known.ObjectiveTo characterize the prevalence and correlates of practice based systems to support breast and cervical cancer screening, with a focus on the patient centered medical home (PCMH).DesignWeb and mail survey of primary care providers conducted in 2014. The survey assessed provider (gender, training) and facility (size, specialty training, physician report of National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) PCMH recognition, and practice affiliation) characteristics. A hierarchical multivariate analysis clustered by clinical practice was conducted to evaluate characteristics associated with the adoption of practice based systems and technology to support guideline adherent screening.ParticipantsPrimary care physicians in family medicine, general internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology, and nurse practitioners or physician assistants from four clinical care networks affiliated with PROSPR (Population based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens) consortium research centers. prevalence of routine breast cancer risk assessment, electronic health record (EHR) decision support, comparative performance reports, and panel reports of patients due for routine screening and follow up.Key ResultsThere were 385 participants (57.6 of eligible) Forty seven percent (47.0 of providers reported NCQA recognition as a PCMH. Less than half reported EHR decision support for breast (48.8 or cervical cancer (46.2 screening. A minority received comparative performance reports for breast (26.2 or cervical (19.7 cancer screening, automated reports of patients overdue for breast (18.7 or cervical (16.4 cancer screening, or follow up of abnormal breast (18.1 or cervical (17.6 cancer screening tests. In multivariate analysis, reported NCQA recognition as a PCMH was associated with greater use of comparative performance reports of guideline adherent breast (OR 3.23, 95 CI 1.58 6.61) or cervical (OR 2.56, 95 CI 1.32 4.96) cancer screening and automated reports of patients overdue for breast (OR 2.19, 95 CI 1.15 41.7) or cervical (OR. 2.56, 95 CI 1.26 5.26) cancer screening.ConclusionsProviders lack systems to support breast and cervical cancer screening. Practice transformation toward a PCMH may support the adoption of systems to achieve guideline adherent cancer screening in primary care settings.
Medical Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia.
Venue: The American journal of medicine

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are serious psychiatric illnesses related to disordered eating and distorted body images. They both have significant medical complications associated with the weight loss and malnutrition of anorexia nervosa, as well as from the purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. No body system is spared from the adverse sequelae of these illnesses, especially as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa become more severe and chronic. We review the medical complications that are associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as well as the treatment for the complications. We also discuss the epidemiology and psychiatric comorbidities of these eating disorders.
An RSA Scheme based on Improved AKS Primality Testing Algorithm

In applied cryptography, RSA is a typical asymmetric algorithm, which is used in electronic transaction and many other security scenarios. RSA needs to generate large random primes. Currently, primality test mostly depends on probabilistic algorithms, such as the Miller Rabin primality testing algorithm. In 2002, Agrawal et al. published the Agrawal Kayal Saxena (AKS) primality testing algorithm, which is the first generic, polynomial, deterministic and non hypothetical algorithm for primality test. This paper proves the necessary and sufficient condition for AKS primality test. An improved AKS algorithm is proposed using Fermat's Little Theorem. The improved algorithm becomes an enhanced Miller Rabin probabilistic algorithm, which can generate primes as fast as the Miller Rabin algorithm does.