nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate or sodium nitrite in drinking water on intake, digestion, growth rate, carcass traits and meat quality of Barbarine lamb

The 79 day experiment reported herein was conducted to determine through a completely randomized design the effects of the enrichment of drinking water for lamb with sodium chloride (NaCl) sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 or sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 on water and feed intakes, apparent diet digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial nitrogen supply, rumen fermentation (pH, ammonia nitrogen and protozoa concentrations) blood metabolites, carcass traits and meat quality (i.e. ultimate pH, cooking loss, and fatty acids (FA) profile) Four groups of eight Barbarine lamb each (initial BW 21.1 2.4 kg, 5 6 month old) were housed in individual boxes and received oat hay ad libitum and 400 g concentrate. Each group was assigned randomly to one of the following treatments: ad libitum access to fresh water (control, group 1) or to fresh water enriched with either 7 g NaCl/L (group 2) or 2 g Na 2 SO 4 /L (group 3) or 40 mg NaNO 2 /L (group 4) Lambs having access to salt enriched water consumed more water than control lambs. Such effect was important P vs 2.48 l/day) Compared to control group, the three sources of salt administrated in water had no effect P 0.05) on diet intake and apparent digestibility, N retention and microbial N supply. Rumen pH, ammonia N and protozoa remained unchanged P 0.05) with the consumption of saline water. The lack of variation of diet intake and digestibility and rumen fermentation could justify the absence of significant variation of the growth rate of lambs (44 63 g/day) Serum creatinine increased P P 2 SO 4 and NaNO 2 treatments. Nitrite treatment (40 mg NaNO 2 /L) reduced P 0.034) the concentration of triglycerides in the blood. The enrichment of water with the three sources of salts had no adverse effect on carcass yield and the FA profile of lamb meat, except for iso heptadecanoic acid (C17:0 iso) which was higher P 0.024) in the meat of lambs in group 3 than in the meat of control group. The proportion of 10 heptadecenoic acid (C17:1(n 7) in the meat of lambs drinking NaNO 2 enriched water was 25 30% lower P 0.041) than that of the three other groups. The ratio Omega 6 to Omega 3 was similar among the four lamb groups (4.68 5.01) It is concluded that the doses and types of salts intentionally used in the present study to reflect water quality in some Tunisian zones home to Barbarine sheep had no effect on lamb's growth, carcass traits and meat quality. However, the increased creatinine and reduced triglycerides in the blood justify the need to emphasize further investigations on the effect of these salts on lamb's health.
Purchase Influence Mining: Identifying Top k Items Attracting Purchase of Target Item
Venue: WWW

Web logs in e commerce sites consist of user actions on items such as visiting an item description page, adding an item to a wishlist, and purchasing an item. Those items could be represented as nodes in a graph while viewing their relationships as edges according to the user actions. Based on the item graph, identifying items that attract users to purchase the target item could be practically used for supporting business decisions. To do this, we introduce a new task, called `Purchase Influence Mining' that finds the top k items (PIM items) maximizing the estimated purchase influence from them to a target item. We solve this problem by modeling the purchase influence as the shortest path between item pair. According to the result, our approach more consistently finds the k PIM items than the baseline.
Trebius benzi n. sp. (Siphonostomatoida: Trebiidae) infecting Squalus acutipinnis Regan off South Africa
Venue: Systematic Parasitology

Trebius Kroyer, 1838 currently consists of 15 accepted species all infecting elasmobranchs. Apart from two species, i.e. T. caudatus Kroyer, 1838 and T. latifurcatus Wilson, 1921, that have been reported from ten and eight host species, respectively, the other 13 species have each been reported from only one or two host species. Trebius benzi n. sp. collected from Squalus acutipinnis Regan, is described and illustrated after examination through stereo and compound microscopes. This species can be distinguished from the other known species by a combination of characters including an abdomen that is shorter than the genital complex, a maxillule with an endite that consists of a single tined dentiform process, sternal furca tines that are blunt and as long as the base, and the innermost spine of the last exopodal segment of leg 1 the shortest.
Complexity, Diversity and Ambiguity in Teaching and Teacher Education: Practical Wisdom, Pedagogical Fitness and Tact of Teaching

There is consensus in the literature that teacher education programs exhibit the characteristics of complex systems. These characteristics of teacher education programs as complex systems challenges the conventional, teacher directed/ textbook based positivist approaches in teacher education literature which has tried to reduce the complexities and ambiguities of the life in teacher education programs to something knowable, measurable and controllable. The increasing interest towards complexity in teacher education has brought with it some challenging questions which this narrative research study aims to address: what is complexity and ambiguity in teaching and teacher education? Do preservice teachers identify or do they experience complexity in classrooms? How do preservice teachers deal with diversity, complexity and ambiguity in their teaching practices? What kind of strategies do preservice teachers develop to deal with complexity and ambiguity in diverse school settings? How do preservice teachers define and interpret Practical Wisdom, Pedagogical Fitness and Tact of Teaching to deal with complexity and ambiguity in culturally diverse classrooms?
A survey on cloud computing security: Issues, threats, and solutions
Venue: J. Netw. Comput. Appl.

Over the internet, the cloud computing reveals a remarkable potential to provide on demand services to consumers with greater flexibility in a cost effective manner. While moving towards the concept of on demand service, resource pooling, shifting everything on the distributive environment, security is the major obstacle for this new dreamed vision of computing capability. This survey present a comprehensive overview of the security issues for different factors affecting cloud computing. Furthermore, a detailed discussion on several key topics regarding embedded system, application, storage system, clustering related issues and many more. This paper works on some public cloud and private cloud authorities as well as related security concerns. Additionally, it encompasses the requirements for better security management and suggests 3 tier security architecture. Open issues with discussion in which some new security concepts and recommendations are also provided.
NetSecCC: A scalable and fault tolerant architecture for cloud computing security
Venue: Peer to Peer Netw. Appl.

How to ensure network security for modern virtual machine based cloud computing platforms is still an open question. This question becomes more important and urgent to solve, as the fast development of cloud computing in recent years. Though there are many existing solutions, they either provide incomplete protection or neglect important intrinsic characteristics in cloud computing. In this paper, we introduce a novel network security architecture for cloud computing (NetSecCC) considering characteristics of cloud computing. Specifically, it 1) provides protection to both external and interne traffics in cloud computing, 2) attains flexible scalability with respect to virtual middlebox load, and 3) achieves fault tolerant among virtual middlebox failure. Experiments and simulations on our proof of concept prototype of NetSecCC validate that NetSecCC is an effective architecture with minimal performance overhead, and that it can be applied to extensive practical promotion in cloud computing.
RECIST 1.1 Update and clarification: From the RECIST committee.
Venue: European journal of cancer

The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) were developed and published in 2000, based on the original World Health Organisation guidelines first published in 1981. In 2009, revisions were made (RECIST 1.1) incorporating major changes, including a reduction in the number of lesions to be assessed, a new measurement method to classify lymph nodes as pathologic or normal, the clarification of the requirement to confirm a complete response or partial response and new methodologies for more appropriate measurement of disease progression. The purpose of this paper was to summarise the questions posed and the clarifications provided as an update to the 2009 publication.
Evaluation of Immune Related Response Criteria and RECIST v1.1 in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated With Pembrolizumab.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

We evaluated atypical response patterns and the relationship between overall survival and best overall response measured per immune related response criteria (irRC) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST v1.1) in patients with advanced melanoma treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE 001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827)  Patients received pembrolizumab 2 or 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks. Atypical responses were identified by using centrally assessed irRC data in patients with 28 weeks of imaging. Pseudoprogression was defined as 25% increase in tumor burden at week 12 (early) or any assessment after week 12 (delayed) that was not confirmed as progressive disease at next assessment. Response was assessed centrally per irRC and RECIST v1.1.  Of the 655 patients with melanoma enrolled, 327 had 28 weeks of imaging follow up. Twenty four (7% of these 327 patients had atypical responses (15 [5% with early pseudoprogression and nine [3% with delayed pseudoprogression) Of the 592 patients who survived 12 weeks, 84 (14% experienced progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC. Two year overall survival rates were 77.6% in patients with nonprogressive disease per both criteria (n 331) 37.5% in patients with progressive disease per RECIST v1.1 but nonprogressive disease per irRC (n 84) and 17.3% in patients with progressive disease per both criteria (n 177)  Atypical responses were observed in patients with melanoma treated with pembrolizumab. Based on survival analysis, conventional RECIST might underestimate the benefit of pembrolizumab in approximately 15% of patients; modified criteria that permit treatment beyond initial progression per RECIST v1.1 might prevent premature cessation of treatment.
An End to End Neural Network for Polyphonic Piano Music Transcription
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing

We present a supervised neural network model for polyphonic piano music transcription. The architecture of the proposed model is analogous to speech recognition systems and comprises an acoustic model and a music language model. The acoustic model is a neural network used for estimating the probabilities of pitches in a frame of audio. The language model is a recurrent neural network that models the correlations between pitch combinations over time. The proposed model is general and can be used to transcribe polyphonic music without imposing any constraints on the polyphony. The acoustic and language model predictions are combined using a probabilistic graphical model. Inference over the output variables is performed using the beam search algorithm. We perform two sets of experiments. We investigate various neural network architectures for the acoustic models and also investigate the effect of combining acoustic and music language model predictions using the proposed architecture. We compare performance of the neural network based acoustic models with two popular unsupervised acoustic models. Results show that convolutional neural network acoustic models yield the best performance across all evaluation metrics. We also observe improved performance with the application of the music language models. Finally, we present an efficient variant of beam search that improves performance and reduces run times by an order of magnitude, making the model suitable for real time applications.
Improved capacitive deionization performance by coupling TiO2 nanoparticles with carbon nanotubes

In this paper, TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were exploited with carbon nanotube (CNTs) to form a composite electrode (TiO 2 /CNTs) for capacitive deionization (CDI) The phase morphology, crystal and electronic structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Transmittance electron microscopy, X ray diffraction and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The electrochemical behavior was carried out by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the desalination performances of TiO 2 /CNTs composite electrode were investigated at different electrical voltages and ionic strengthen in a batch mode operation. The results demonstrated that the TiO 2 /CNTs electrode prepared from 1 wt% TiO 2 NPs (TiO 2 /CNTs 1) exhibits the best results compared to other electrodes having 2 and 5 wt% TiO 2 NPs. Remarkably, the best electrode showed high specific capacitance (122 F/g) at 1 mV/s in 1 M KCl solutions and excellent electrosorptive capacity (4 mg/g) predicted from Langmuir isotherm which is nearly twice higher than that of pristine CNTs electrode. Moreover, the electrosorption follows the pseudo first adsorption kinetics and the proposed electrode shows interesting recyclability and easy full regeneration.
Utility of Real Time 3D Echocardiography for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Venue: Echocardiography

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have irregular ventricular shapes with small and sometimes obliterated cavities at end systole that affect the quantification of left ventricular mass (LVM) by conventional methods, such as M mode or two dimensional echocardiography. The goal of this study was to validate the use of real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) to quantify LVM using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) as a reference, in a large population of patients with different types of HCM.
Chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities of metal organic frameworks

The construction of thousands of well defined, porous, metal organic framework (MOF) structures, spanning a broad range of topologies and an even broader range of pore sizes and chemical functionalities, has fuelled the exploration of many applications. Accompanying this applied focus has been a recognition of the need to engender MOFs with mechanical, thermal and/or chemical stability. Chemical stability in acidic, basic and neutral aqueous solutions is important. Advances over recent years have made it possible to design MOFs that possess different combinations of mechanical, thermal and chemical stability. Here, we review these advances and the associated design principles and synthesis strategies. We focus on how these advances may render MOFs effective as heterogeneous catalysts, both in chemically harsh condensed phases and in thermally challenging conditions relevant to gas phase reactions. Finally, we briefly discuss future directions of study for the production of highly stable MOFs. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown promise in a broad range of applications, including catalysis. In this Review, the chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities of MOFs, in particular with catalytic uses in mind, are discussed.
Immobilization of Metal Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Advanced Design of Supported Nanocatalysts.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

In recent years, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been employed as heterogeneous catalysts or precursors for synthesis of catalytic materials. However, conventional MOFs and their derivatives usually exhibit limited mass transfer and modest catalytic activities owing to a lengthy diffusion path and less exposed active sites. In contrast, it has been generally conceived that nanoscale MOFs are beneficial to materials utilization and mass transport, but their instability poses a serious issue to practical application. To tackle above challenges, herein we develop a novel and facile approach to the design and synthesis of nanocomposites through in situ growth and directed immobilization of nanoscale MOFs onto layered double hydroxides (LDH) The resulting supported nano MOFs inherit advantages of pristine MOF nanocrystals and meanwhile gain enhanced stability and workability under reactive environments. A series of uniform nanometer sized MOFs, including monometallic (ZIF 8, ZIF 67, and Cu BTC) and bimetallic (CoZn ZIF) can be readily synthesized onto hierarchically structured flowerlike MgAl LDH supports with high dispersion and precision. Additionally, the resultant MgAl LDH/MOFs can serve as a generic platform to prepare integrated nanocatalysts via controlled thermolysis. Knoevenagel condensation and reduction of 4 nitrophenol (4 NP) are used as model reactions for demonstrating the technological merits of these nanocatalysts. Therefore, this work elucidates that the synthetic immobilization of nanoscale MOFs onto conventional catalyst supports is a viable route to develop integrated nanocatalysts with high controllability over structural architecture and chemical composition.
The Case For Mental Imagery

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Mental Imagery in Depression: Phenomenology, Potential Mechanisms, and Treatment Implications.
Venue: Annual review of clinical psychology

Mental imagery is an experience like perception in the absence of a percept. It is a ubiquitous feature of human cognition, yet it has been relatively neglected in the etiology, maintenance, and treatment of depression. Imagery abnormalities in depression include an excess of intrusive negative mental imagery; impoverished positive imagery; bias for observer perspective imagery; and overgeneral memory, in which specific imagery is lacking. We consider the contribution of imagery dysfunctions to depressive psychopathology and implications for cognitive behavioral interventions. Treatment advances capitalizing on the representational format of imagery (as opposed to its content) are reviewed, including imagery rescripting, positive imagery generation, and memory specificity training. Consideration of mental imagery can contribute to clinical assessment and imagery focused psychological therapeutic techniques and promote investigation of underlying mechanisms for treatment innovation. Research into mental imagery in depression is at an early stage. Work that bridges clinical psychology and neuroscience in the investigation of imagery related mechanisms is recommended.
Smaller Primary Visual Cortex Is Associated with Stronger, but Less Precise Mental Imagery.
Venue: Cerebral cortex

Despite mental imagery's ubiquitous role in human perception, cognition and behavior, one standout question remains unanswered: Why does imagery vary so much from one individual to the next? Here, we used a behavioral paradigm that measures the functional impact of a mental image on subsequent conscious perception and related these measures to the anatomy of the early visual cortex estimated by fMRI retinotopic mapping. We observed a negative relationship between primary visual cortex (V1) surface area and sensory imagery strength, but found positive relationships between V1 and imagery precision (spatial location and orientation) Hence, individuals with a smaller V1 tended to have stronger, but less precise imagery. In addition, subjective vividness of imagery was positively related to prefrontal cortex volume, but unrelated to V1 anatomy. Our findings present the first evidence for the importance of the V1 layout in shaping the strength of human imagination.
On the 'Indispensable Explanatory Role' of Mathematics

The literature on the indispensability argument for mathematical realism often refers to the 'indispensable explanatory role' of mathematics. I argue that we should examine the notion of explanatory indispensability from the point of view of specific conceptions of scientific explanation. The reason is that explanatory indispensability in and of itself turns out to be insufficient for justifying the ontological conclusions at stake. To show this I introduce a distinction between different kinds of explanatory roles some 'thick' and ontologically committing, others 'thin' and ontologically peripheral and examine this distinction in relation to some notable 'ontic' accounts of explanation. I also discuss the issue in the broader context of other 'explanationist' realist arguments.