nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Medium grade tubular proteinuria is common in HIV positive patients and specifically associated with exposure to tenofovir disoproxil Fumarate
Venue: Infection

aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of medium grade proteinuria (100 500 mg/g creatinine) among HIV positive adults.MethodsSpot urine samples of HIV positive adults without known renal disease were analyzed quantitatively between January 2009 and February 2011. Demographic and medical data were collected. Multivariate regression models for different patterns of proteinuria were constructed.ResultsAmong 411 patients, 18 (4.4 presented albuminuria >300 mg/g creatinine and/or proteinuria >500 mg/g creatinine and were excluded from further analyses. Among the study population of 393 patients, 181 (46.1 had no significant proteinuria or albuminuria <100 and <30 mg/g creatinine, respectively) 60 (15.3 had moderate albuminuria, while 152 (38.7 had proteinuria without albuminuria, suggesting tubular proteinuria. Independent predictors for medium grade tubular proteinuria in multivariate analysis were exposure to tenofovir (DF) a CD4 nadir <500/ul, older age, and anti HCV antibodies. There was no association with classic renal risk factors like diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, or with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).ConclusionsWe detected significant proteinuria in 230 (56.0 of 411 HIV positive patients. Among this group, 152 (66.1 had medium grade proteinuria without albuminuria, which was significantly associated with exposure to tenofovir, older age, a lower CD4 nadir and Hepatitis C. Nephrologic or HIV treatment guidelines fail to detect most of these patients but rather identify patients with high cardiovascular risk. In the absence of an association with eGFR the role of medium grade tubular proteinuria as a potential early marker of chronic kidney disease remains unclear. Prospective studies are needed.
Low SNR track detection with OTHR based on a refraction model
Venue: 2016 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf)

The Maximum Likelihood Probabilistic Multi Hypothesis Tracker (ML PMHT) which is a Deep Track Extractor (DTE) is formulated for and applied to several Over The Horizon radar (OTHR) scenarios: a surface target, a constant altitude target, and a constant vertical acceleration target. We use a refraction based ionosphere model through the application of a ray tracing algorithm. Each scan can contain multiple measurements (up to four) originating from each target; each of these target originated measurements takes one of four possible round trip paths and any of these may fail to be detected. Also a large number of false alarms, indistinguishable from the target originated measurements, are present due to the necessary low detection threshold for low SNR targets. The multipath ML PMHT likelihood ratio models this uncertainty in the measurement path which then allows for the fusion of multipath data in the presence of false measurements. This tracker is shown to have a high track detection probability and track accuracy with a low probability of false track in very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) OTHR scenarios.
Spectrum sensing for low SNR environment using maximum minimum eigenvalue (MME) detection
Venue: 2016 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA)

The rapid progression in wireless networking has suggested dynamic spectrum allocation to increase spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio (CR) is a key technology to enable dynamic spectrum access. Spectrum sensing provide spectrum awareness to CR system. Although energy detection (ED) is commonly used for spectrum sensing method, it gives poor performance under low noise environment and also suffers from noise uncertainty. Eigenvalue based detection is used to overcome ED drawbacks in this paper. Simulation results are presented for evaluating detection performance with respect to the received SNR and threshold parameters such as desired probability of false alarm (Pf) number of samples (N) and smoothing factor (L) It is shown in all cases that higher SNR value and threshold parameters setting give better probability of detection. In addition, the effect of different pulse shaping filters on probability of detection are investigated.
Riqueza y distribucion de corales petreos en la costa noroccidental del Golfo de Venezuela Richness and distribution of stony corals in the north western coast of the Gulf of Venezuela

[Spanish] Los ecosistemas arrecifales son considerados por diversos autores como refugio para una gran diversidad de especies marinas. En Venezuela han sido muchos los trabajos que describen taxonomica y ecologicamente a este ecosistema, pero existe una notable ausencia de informacion registrada para el Golfo de Venezuela. Se recabo informacion, a traves de observacion directa (buceo apnea) registros filmicos y fotograficos, que corroboran la presencia de bancos arrecifales (ubicacion geografica, batimetrica y otras caracteristicas fisicas salinidad, temperatura y turbidez)en la zona noroccidental del Golfo de Venezuela. Se registraron 15 especies de corales duros: 12 escleractinios y tres especies mileporinas. Su riqueza es sustancialmente menor, comparada con la reportada para otras comunidades coralinas del Caribe Sur, lo que podria estar relacionado a la influencia de la descarga de agua dulce y de la marcada sedimentacion en diferentes zonas; ambos elementos podrian estar afectando la supervivencia de las comunidades coralin as en la zona de estudio. Con los registros se incrementa la diversidad de especies y de habitats para el Golfo de Venezuela.  Coral reef ecosystems are considered by several authors as key areas which hold a vast diversity of marine species. Comprehensive studies have been developed in Venezuela describing these ecosystems both taxonomically and ecologically. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of information from the Gulf of Venezuela. Systematic information was gathered through direct observations (apnea diving) submarine transects, underwater photography and videos, which confirmed the presence of coral patches, as well as their geographical, bathymetrical and environmental characteristics salinity, temperature and turbidity in the Gulf of Venezuela. Fifteen species of stony coral were identified; 12 scleractinian and three milleporina. The effect of freshwater and significant sedimentation may be the reasons of a low richness in comparison with other areas in the southern Caribbean. These records increase the species and habitats diversity for the Gulf of Venezuela.
Confidentialite et prevention de la criminalite financiere etude de droit compare

La tendance contemporaine vers plus de transparence dans la vie des affaires illustre une desaffection generale pour toute forme de confidentialite. Toutefois, cette derniere beneficie de traductions juridiques dont les sources lui conferent une indeniable legitimite. Cette observation doit amener a reconnaitre l'existence d'un "principe de confidentialite" La rencontre des normes sur la prevention de la criminalite financiere avec le principe de confidentialite est source d'insecurite juridique, non seulement pour les professionnels assujettis aux obligations de lutte anti blanchiment et contre le financement du terrorisme, mais egalement pour tous les individus dont les donnees son traitees dans ce cadre. Ces deux blocs de normes aux logiques contradictoires tendant pourtant vers des objectifs communs le respect des droits fondamentaux. Neanmoins, les exces lies a l'utilisation potentiellement illicite des outils juridiques offerts par l'un, et les defauts des dispositions constituant l'autre, font obstacle a l'application efficace et mesuree du droit. Cette etude se propose d'analyser ces principes antagonistes pour mieux envisager leur equilibre latent au moyen de solutions preservant leurs interets propres et concourant a l'amelioration de la securite juridique. Dans cette optique, l'exercice de droit compare permet de parfaire l'interpretation des obligations de vigilance tout en plaidant la rehabilitation du principe de confidentialite. Il temoigne de l'emergence d'un veritable "droit du blanchiment" et en particulier de son volet preventif qui occupe desormais une place preponderante dans le domaine de la regulation bancaire et financiere.
Attribution of regional flood changes based on scaling fingerprints
Venue: Water resources research

Changes in the river flood regime may be due to atmospheric processes (e.g. increasing precipitation) catchment processes (e.g. soil compaction associated with land use change) and river system processes (e.g. loss of retention volume in the floodplains) This paper proposes a new framework for attributing flood changes to these drivers based on a regional analysis. We exploit the scaling characteristics (i.e. fingerprints) with catchment area of the effects of the drivers on flood changes. The estimation of their relative contributions is framed in Bayesian terms. Analysis of a synthetic, controlled case suggests that the accuracy of the regional attribution increases with increasing number of sites and record lengths, decreases with increasing regional heterogeneity, increases with increasing difference of the scaling fingerprints, and decreases with an increase of their prior uncertainty. The applicability of the framework is illustrated for a case study set in Austria, where positive flood trends have been observed at many sites in the past decades. The individual scaling fingerprints related to the atmospheric, catchment, and river system processes are estimated from rainfall data and simple hydrological modeling. Although the distributions of the contributions are rather wide, the attribution identifies precipitation change as the main driver of flood change in the study region. Overall, it is suggested that the extension from local attribution to a regional framework, including multiple drivers and explicit estimation of uncertainty, could constitute a similar shift in flood change attribution as the extension from local to regional flood frequency analysis.
So Far So Good: An Overview of Positive Psychology and Its Contributions to SLA

Positive psychology has the potential to become a prominent research area in SLA. The field is focused on positive emotion, positive character traits, and institutions that enable individuals to flourish, all of which are major concerns in language learning. The present chapter identifies key trends, such as the move toward studying positive emotions, flow, and learner strengths in SLA, as well as novel conceptual framework called EMPATHICS developed by Rebecca Oxford. The paper also addresses some of the fair and unfair criticism of positive psychology based on the tendency to separate positive and negative emotion, a failure to study individuals in sufficient depth, measurement issues, and an over reliance on cross sectional research designs. Two issues in particular, the health benefits of positive emotion and the critique of the 3:1 positivity ratio, are considered in some detail. In several notable respects, the development of positive psychology within SLA already is addressing these issues creatively and proposing solutions. The paper concludes that research into positive psychology in SLA is off to a good start, and is in some ways already ahead of positive psychology more generally.
Multi competence and emotion

How are two or more languages learned and contained in the same mind or the same community? This handbook presents an up to date view of the concept of multi competence, exploring the research questions it has generated and the methods that have been used to investigate it. The book brings together psychologists, sociolinguists, Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers, and language teachers from across the world to look at how multi competence relates to their own areas of study. This comprehensive, state of the art exploration of multi competence research and ideas offers a powerful critique of the values and methods of classical SLA research, and an exciting preview of the future implications of multi competence for research and thinking about language. It is an essential reference for all those concerned with language learning, language use and language teaching.
LIGHT FIDELITY Li Fi A SURVEY

There are a plethora of possibilities to be gouged upon in this field of technology. If this technology becomes justifiably marketed then every bulb can be used analogous to a Wi Fi hotspot to transmit data wirelessly. The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If this technology can be put into practical use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi Fi hotspot to transmit wireless data and we will proceed toward the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future[2] The concept of Li Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not least because it may offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio based wireless. As a growing number of people and their many devices access wireless internet, the airwaves are becoming increasingly clogged, making it more and more difficult to get a reliable, high speed signal. This may solve issues such as the shortage of radio frequency bandwidth and also allow internet where traditional radio based wireless isn't allowed such as aircraft or hospitals. One of the shortcomings however is that it only work in direct line of sight.
A survey on Li Fi technology
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET)

In the present era, Wi Fi is the most trending domain. As internet users almost double every year, there is an enormous load on radio spectrum that leads to congestion. To get better bandwidth, efficiency and speed, a new technology Li Fi has evolved. Li Fi stands for Light Fidelity. It is a bidirectional and wireless mode of communication using light. It uses the unused visible spectrum and reduces the load on radio spectrum. Li Fi can be simply put to be Wi Fi but instead of radio waves light is used as a medium. Here, data is transmitted using light whose intensity varies faster than human eye to capture. Instead of using modems, Li Fi uses LED bulbs with transceiver. Data transmission in Li Fi is about 100 times faster than Wi Fi. Here, in this paper we explore the need for Li Fi.
International Experts Panel Meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology on Antiangiogenetic Drugs for Non Small Cell Lung Cancer: Realities and Hopes
Venue: Journal of thoracic oncology official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer

&NA; Angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancer, occurs when new blood vessels feed malignant cells, providing oxygen and nutrients, promoting tumor growth, and allowing tumor cells to escape into the circulation, thus leading to metastases. To date, a series of antiangiogenic drugs (either monoclonal antibodies or small molecules) have been approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of advanced non small cell lung cancer, and they are currently available for both first and second line therapy. The overall benefit of these drugs seems modest (although clearly significant) especially when administered as a single agent, and there is no clear consensus with regard to which patients should be candidates to receive these drugs across the different disease settings. From the biological perspective, angiogenesis represents a difficult and complex process to explore, given the interference with other key pathways and the dynamic evolution during the disease's history. Indeed, this process is complicated by the presence of multiple targets to hit, polymorphisms, hypoxia dependent modifications, and epigenetics. These difficulties do not allow capture of which specific key pathways can be identified as biomarkers of efficacy so as to maximize to overall benefit of such drugs. An International Experts Panel Meeting was inspired by the absence of clear recommendations to address which patients should receive antiangiogenic drugs in the context of advanced non small cell lung cancer so as to support decisions for clinical practice on a daily basis and determine priorities for future research. After a literature review and panelists consensus, a series of recommendations were defined to support decisions for the daily clinical practice and to indicate a potential road map for translational research.
Epigenetic treatment of pancreatic cancer: is there a therapeutic perspective on the horizon?
Venue: Gut

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5 year survival rate of <7% Due to growing incidence, late diagnosis and insufficient treatment options, PDAC is predicted to soon become one of the leading causes of cancer related death. Although intensified cytostatic combinations, particularly gemcitabine plus nab paclitaxel and the folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) protocol, provide some improvement in efficacy and survival compared with gemcitabine alone, a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer remains out of sight. Nevertheless, recent translational research activities propose that either modulation of the immune response or pharmacological targeting of epigenetic modifications alone, or in combination with chemotherapy, might open highly powerful therapeutic avenues in GI cancer entities, including pancreatic cancer. Deregulation of key epigenetic factors and chromatin modifying proteins, particularly those responsible for the addition, removal or recognition of post translational histone modifications, are frequently found in human pancreatic cancer and hence constitute particularly exciting treatment opportunities. This review summarises both current clinical trial activities and discovery programmes initiated throughout the biopharma landscape, and critically discusses the chances, hurdles and limitations of epigenetic based therapy in future PDAC treatment.
Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more?
Venue: Advances in physiology education

In the current climate of curriculum reform, the traditional lecture has come under fire for its perceived lack of effectiveness. Indeed, several institutions have reduced their lectures to 15 min in length based upon the "common knowledge" and "consensus" that there is a decline in students' attention 10 15 min into lectures. A review of the literature on this topic reveals many discussions referring to prior studies but scant few primary investigations. Alarmingly, the most often cited source for a rapid decline in student attention during a lecture barely discusses student attention at all. Of the studies that do attempt to measure attention, many suffer from methodological flaws and subjectivity in data collection. Thus, the available primary data do not support the concept of a 10 to 15 min attention limit. Interestingly, the most consistent finding from a literature review is that the greatest variability in student attention arises from differences between teachers and not from the teaching format itself. Certainly, even the most interesting material can be presented in a dull and dry fashion, and it is the job of the instructor to enhance their teaching skills to provide not only rich content but also a satisfying lecture experience for the students.
Bitcoin, gold and the dollar A GARCH volatility analysis

This paper explores the financial asset capabilities of bitcoin using GARCH models. The initial model showed several similarities to gold and the dollar indicating hedging capabilities and advantages as a medium of exchange. The asymmetric GARCH showed that bitcoin may be useful in risk management and ideal for risk averse investors in anticipation of negative shocks to the market. Overall bitcoin has a place on the financial markets and in portfolio management as it can be classified as something in between gold and the American dollar on a scale from pure medium of exchange advantages to pure store of value advantages.
Runoff of small rocky headwater catchments: Field observations and hydrological modeling

In dolomitic headwater catchments, intense rainstorms of short duration produce runoff discharges that often trigger debris flows on the scree slopes at the base of rock cliffs. In order to measure these discharges, we placed a measuring facility at the outlet (elevation 1770 m a.s.l. of a small, rocky headwater catchment (area 0.032 km2, average slope 320% located in the Venetian Dolomites (North Eastern Italian Alps) The facility consists of an approximately rectangular basin, ending with a sharp crested weir. Six runoff events were recorded in the period 2011 2014, providing a unique opportunity for characterizing the hydrological response of the catchment. The measured hydrographs display impulsive shapes, with an abrupt raise up to the peak, followed by a rapidly decreasing tail, until a nearly constant plateau is eventually reached. This behavior can be simulated by means of a distributed hydrological model if the excess rainfall is determined accurately. We show that using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS CN) method and assuming a constant routing velocity invariably results in an underestimated peak flow and a delayed peak time. A satisfactory prediction of the impulsive hydrograph shape including peak value and timing is obtained only by combining the SCS CN procedure with a simplified version of the Horton equation, and simulating runoff routing along the channel network through a matched diffusivity kinematic wave model. The robustness of the proposed methodology is tested through a comparison between simulated and observed timings of runoff or debris flow occurrence in two neighboring alpine basins. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Red Shifting versus Blue Shifting Hydrogen Bonds: Perspective from Ab Initio Valence Bond Theory.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry. A

Both proper, red shifting and improper, blue shifting hydrogen bonds have been well recognized with enormous experimental and computational studies. The current consensus is that there is no difference in nature between these two kinds of hydrogen bonds, where the electrostatic interaction dominates. Since most if not all the computational studies are based on molecular orbital theory, it would be interesting to gain insight into the hydrogen bonds with modern valence bond (VB) theory. In this work, we performed ab initio VBSCF computations on a series of hydrogen bonding systems, where the sole hydrogen bond donor CF3H interacts with ten hydrogen bond acceptors Y NH2CH3, NH3, NH2Cl, OH( H2O, CH3OH, (CH3)2O, F( HF, or CH3F) This series includes four red shifting and six blue shifting hydrogen bonds. Consistent with existing findings in literature, VB based energy decomposition analyses show that electrostatic interaction plays the dominating role and polarization plays the secondary role in all these hydrogen bonding systems, and the charge transfer interaction, which denotes the hyperconjugation effect, contributes only slightly to the total interaction energy. As VB theory describes any real chemical bond in terms of pure covalent and ionic structures, our fragment interaction analysis reveals that with the approaching of a hydrogen bond acceptor Y, the covalent state of the F3C H bond tends to blue shift, due to the strong repulsion between the hydrogen atom and Y. In contrast, the ionic state F3C( H( leads to the red shifting of the C H vibrational frequency, owing to the attraction between the proton and Y. Thus, the relative weights of the covalent and ionic structures essentially determine the direction of frequency change. Indeed, we find the correlation between the structural weights and vibrational frequency changes.