nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study towards Refining the AKS Primality Testing Algorithm
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.

The AKS (Agrawal Kayal Saxena) algorithm is the first ever deterministic polynomialtime primality proving algorithm whose asymptotic run time complexity is O(log n) where 0. Despite this theoretical breakthrough, the algorithm serves no practical use in conventional cryptologic applications, as the existing probabilistic primality tests like ECPP in conjunction with conditional usage of sub exponential time deterministic tests are found to have better practical running time. Later, the authors of AKS test improved the algorithm so that it runs in O(log n) time. A variant of AKS test was demonstrated by Carl Pomerance and H. W. Lenstra, which runs in almost half the number of operations required in AKS. This algorithm also suffers impracticality. Attempts were made to efficiently implement AKS algorithm, but in contrast with the slightest improvements in performance which target specific machine architectures, the limitations of the algorithm are found highlighted. In this paper we present our analysis and observations on AKS algorithm based on the empirical results and statistics of certain parameters which control the asymptotic running time of the algorithm. From this analysis we refine AKS so that it runs in O(log n) time.
New features of solid particle erosion damage of control stage blades in supercritical steam turbine

Reducing solid particle erosion of blades is one of the most urgent problems for high parameter steam turbine power generation technology. Based on the erosion rate model and particle rebound model of blade materials obtained through accelerated erosion test under high temperature, erosion characteristics of flaky particles in control stage of a typical supercritical steam turbine were systemically studied using three dimensional numerical simulation method. The erosion mechanism of hard coatings on nozzle suction surface is first revealed, and erosion resistance of boride coating with large oxide particles is validated through high temperature erosion test. Results show that serious erosion damage of boride coating on the latter half of nozzle suction surface is caused by the combined rebounded impingement of large particles between 1000 um and 2000 um after their initial impingement on the nozzle pressure surface and the leading edge of rotating blade. The average particle impingement velocity can reach up to 150 180 m/s, and the impingement angle is in the range of 18deg 28deg. High temperature erosion test results show that boride coating will soon broken and fall off under the continuing impact of millimeter sized particles, which confirms that hard coatings are difficult to resist the high intensity impingement from these large particles. Therefore, separating particles before entering the nozzle chamber with the employment of an inertial separator should be the optimal choice for improving the erosion resistance of turbine. The results of this study enrich the types of blade erosion damage and provide a new idea for reducing erosion damage of control stage blades.
Cogeneration turbine unit with a new T 295/335 23.5 steam turbine

The design, schematics, and arrangement of a T 295/335 23.5 turbine and the basic features of a steam turbine unit (STU) intended for replacement of STUs with a T 250/300 23.5 turbine with the expired service life and installed in large cities, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Minsk, and Kharkov, for heat and power generation are considered. The basic solutions for an automatic electrohydraulic control and protection system using high pressure (HP) technology are described. As the turbine operates in a power unit together with a supercritical boiler and the design turbine service life of 250000 hours must be attained, turbine component construction materials complying with these requirements are listed.
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom Up View.
Venue: Annual review of neuroscience

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has attracted great interest from neuroscientists because it is associated with so many important cognitive functions. Despite, or perhaps because of, its rich functional repertoire, we lack a single comprehensive view of its function. Most research has approached this puzzle from the top down, using aggregate measures such as neuroimaging. We provide a view from the bottom up, with a focus on single unit responses and anatomy. We summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the three major approaches to characterizing the dACC: as a monitor, as a controller, and as an economic structure. We argue that neurons in the dACC are specialized for representing contexts, or task state variables relevant for behavior, and strategies, or aspects of future plans. We propose that dACC neurons link contexts with strategies by integrating diverse task relevant information to create a rich representation of task space and exert high level and abstract control over decision and action.
Dorsal Lingual Surface and Halitosis: a Morphological Point of View.
Venue: Acta stomatologica Croatica

The interest in the study of the tongue papillary niches and the related biofilm has increased in recent years because they form a suitable source of periodontal microorganisms and are associated with development of halitosis. Tongue dorsum structure represents a factor favoring a particular and complex bacterial biofilm where periodontal pathogens are frequently found. The aim of this preliminary study was to associate the tongue papillary structure with the biofilm causing halitosis by means of a new clinical protocol.  In this study, one subject affected by oral malodor was selected and included. A photograph of lingual dorsum was taken to spot the areas with visible lingual coating. A tongue dorsum impression was obtained, divided and cut with a blade in six parts, according to Winkel Tongue Coated Index by means of the 2 step double mix impression technique. The contours of the six parts were observed by the stereomicroscope LEICA LED2000 and analyzed by ImageJ software.  The results showed that the depth of papillae was associated with visible presence of the tongue biofilm and indirectly correlated with halitosis in patients.  The morphological papillary structure of the tongue dorsal surface influences the presence of the tongue biofilm. The presented protocol can be further considered in clinical application for a correct diagnosis and a personalized treatment of halitosis.
Dorsal Lingual Surface and Halitosis: a Morphological Point of View

The interest in the study of the tongue papillary niches and the related biofilm has increased in recent years because they form a suitable source of periodontal microorganisms and are associated with development of halitosis. Tongue dorsum structure represents a factor favoring a particular and complex bacterial biofilm where periodontal pathogens are frequently found. The aim of this preliminary study was to associate the tongue papillary structure with the biofilm causing halitosis by means of a new clinical protocol.  In this study, one subject affected by oral malodor was selected and included. A photograph of lingual dorsum was taken to spot the areas with visible lingual coating. A tongue dorsum impression was obtained, divided and cut with a blade in six parts, according to Winkel Tongue Coated Index by means of the 2 step double mix impression technique. The contours of the six parts were observed by the stereomicroscope LEICA LED2000 and analyzed by ImageJ software.  The results showed that the depth of papillae was associated with visible presence of the tongue biofilm and indirectly correlated with halitosis in patients.  The morphological papillary structure of the tongue dorsal surface influences the presence of the tongue biofilm. The presented protocol can be further considered in clinical application for a correct diagnosis and a personalized treatment of halitosis.
Meeting report: GenBank microbial genomic taxonomy workshop (12 13 May, 2015)
Venue: Standards in Genomic Sciences

Many genomes are incorrectly identified at GenBank. We developed a plan to find and correct misidentified genomes using genomic comparison statistics together with a scaffold of reliably identified genomes from type. A workshop was organized with broad representation from the bacterial taxonomic community to review the proposal, the GenBank Microbial Genomic Taxonomy Workshop, Bethesda MD, May 12 13, 2015.
Global prevalence of pre existing HCV variants resistant to direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) mining the GenBank HCV genome data
Venue: Scientific reports

Direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins open a whole new era for anti HCV therapy, but DAA resistance associated variants (RAVs) could jeopardize the effectiveness of DAAs. We reported the global prevalence of DAA RAVs using published GenBank data. 58.7% of sequences (854/1455) harbored at least one dominant resistance variant and the highest RAV frequency occurred in Asia (74.1% followed by Africa (71.9% America (53.5% and Europe (51.4% The highest RAV frequency was observed in genotype (GT) 6 sequences (99% followed by GT2 (87.9% GT4 (85.5% GT1a (56% GT3 (50.0% and GT1b (34.3% Furthermore, 40.0% and 29.6% of sequences were detected RAVs of non structural (NS) 5A inhibitors and NS3 protease inhibitors, respectively. However, RAVs to NS5B nucleo(t)ide inhibitor (NI) and NI based combinations were uncommon <4% of sequences) As expected, combinations of multiple RAVs to the IFN free regimens recommended by current guidelines were rarely detected (0.2% 2.0% Our results showed that the overall global prevalence of DAA RAVs was high irrespective of geography or genotype. However, the NI based multi DAA regimens had a low RAV prevalence, suggesting that these regimens are the most promising strategies for cure of the long term HCV infection.
3D self assembly of aluminium nanoparticles for plasmon enhanced solar desalination

Self assembling aluminium nanoparticles are used to make a plasmon enhanced device for desalination. Plasmonics has generated tremendous excitement because of its unique capability to focus light into subwavelength volumes1, beneficial for various applications such as light harvesting2,3, photodetection4, sensing5, catalysis6 and so on. Here we demonstrate a plasmon enhanced solar desalination device, fabricated by the self assembly of aluminium nanoparticles into a three dimensional porous membrane. The formed porous plasmonic absorber can float naturally on water surface, efficiently absorb a broad solar spectrum >96% and focus the absorbed energy at the surface of the water to enable efficient ~90% and effective desalination (a decrease of four orders of magnitude) The durability of the devices has also been examined, indicating a stable performance over 25 cycles under various illumination conditions. The combination of the significant desalination effect, the abundance and low cost of the materials, and the scalable production processes suggest that this type of plasmon enhanced solar desalination device could provide a portable desalination solution.
Evaluation of the "Pipeline" for Development of Medications for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Review of Translational Preclinical, Human Laboratory, and Clinical Trial Research
Venue: Pharmacological Reviews

Cocaine use disorder is a persistent public health problem for which no widely effective medications exist. Self administration procedures, which have shown good predictive validity in estimating the abuse potential of drugs, have been used in rodent, nonhuman primate, and human laboratory studies to screen putative medications. This review assessed the effectiveness of the medications development process regarding pharmacotherapies for cocaine use disorder. The primary objective was to determine whether data from animal and human laboratory self administration studies predicted the results of clinical trials. In addition, the concordance between laboratory studies in animals and humans was assessed. More than 100 blinded, randomized, fully placebo controlled studies of putative medications for cocaine use disorder were identified. Of the 64 drugs tested in these trials, only 10 had been examined in both human and well controlled animal laboratory studies. Within all three stages, few studies had been conducted for each drug and when multiple studies had been conducted conclusions were sometimes contradictory. Overall, however, there was good concordance between animal and human laboratory results when the former assessed chronic drug treatment. Although only seven of the ten reviewed drugs showed fully concordant results across all three types of studies reviewed, the analysis revealed several subject related, procedural, and environmental factors that differ between the laboratory and clinical trial settings that help explain the disagreement for other drugs. The review closes with several recommendations to enhance translation and communication across stages of the medications development process that will ultimately speed the progress toward effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies for cocaine use disorder.
Survey and data management method based on geographic information system for cable based observatory development
Venue: 2016 Techno Ocean (Techno Ocean)

As part of the Next Generation Technology for Ocean Resources Exploration project in the Cross ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP) of the Japanese government, Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) is promoting the development of the cabled seafloor observatory system which allows long term monitoring of hydrothermal vents and ecological changes. Exploring and recognizing the distribution of hydrothermal vents is crucial, not only in deciding where the observatories should be placed to monitor, but also to avoid cable systems from the potential risk of heat damage. In this paper, a survey and data management method utilizing geographic information system (GIS) to plan the cable system installation is introduced and verified with ocean surveys.
An Investigation into the Socio Cultural Strategy Use and the Writing Competence of Iranian EFL Learners

The sociocultural approach to writing strategy use emphasizes the importance of context and the mediating resources that learners can use to enhance the quality of their performance in writing (Lei, 2008) Accordingly, the present study explored the sociocultural strategy use of a convenient sample of 105 BA level students of English Language and Literature who had passed essay writing courses in a state university in Iran by analyzing their responses to the items of a newly developed sociocultural strategy use questionnaire consisting of different sub scales, namely, artifact mediated, rule mediated, community mediated and role mediated strategies. The results of the descriptive statistics revealed that the tool mediated strategies, which are the subcategory of artifact mediated strategies, had the highest frequency of use which is rather justified in the context of Iran. In addition, the students' overall strategy use and their writing ability were correlated and a statistically significant relationship was found between these two variables. However, the results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that none of the sub scales had a unique predicting power in accounting for the learners' writing ability. The researchers also compared the sociocultural strategy use of more and less skilled student writers and found a significant difference in the strategy use of different individuals.
Writing a Wikipedia Article on Cultural Competence in Health Care
Venue: Medical reference services quarterly

This article describes how librarians created a Wikipedia article on cultural competence in health care to support the medical school's curriculum. Wikipedia, often considered not as reliable as scholarly articles, continues to be popular. Rutgers librarians conducted a Wikipedia project to improve its content to benefit students. The importance of cultural competency in health care is widely recognized due to increasingly diverse patient populations. Medical schools integrate cultural competency in curricula to train students to be culturally competent. Therefore, this topic was chosen for the Wikipedia Project. It is hoped that health sciences librarians and educators will benefit from their experience.
Connectivity of larval cod in the transition area between North Sea and Baltic Sea and potential implications for fisheries management

Connectivity of pelagic, early life stages via transport by ocean currents may affect survival chances of offspring, recruitment success, and mixing of stocks across management units. Based on drift model studies, transport patterns of particles representing exogenously feeding cod larvae in the transition area between North Sea and Baltic were investigated to (i) determine long term trends and variability in advective transport of larvae from spawning grounds to juvenile nursery areas, (ii) estimate the degree of exchange between different management areas, and (iii) compare the results with spatial distributions of juvenile cod. The transport of particles showed considerable intra and interannual variability, but also some general patterns of retention within and dispersion to different management areas. Good spatial overlap of particle end positions, representing potential juvenile settlement areas, with observed distributions of juveniles in bottom trawl surveys suggests that the drift simulations provide reasonable estimates of early life stage connectivity between cod populations in the investigated areas. High exchange rates of particles between management areas of up to ca. 70% suggest that cod populations in the investigated areas are demographically correlated. Results are discussed in relation to their relevance for stock structure, fish stock assessment, and management.
Intense multi state visible absorption and full color luminescence of nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots for blue light excitable solid state lighting

Currently, the excitation wavelength dependent photoluminescence of traditional carbon dots does not constitute true tuning and their absorptions show gradual attenuation in the visible region. Herein, we report a facile strategy to realize intense visible absorption and full color emissions of nitrogen doped carbon dots via the control of surface nitriding. The quantum yields of the carbon dots in aqueous solution reached 49.2% 30.6% and 30.3% for blue, yellow and red emissions, respectively. Structural characterizations and spectroscopic analyses verify that three diverse emitting states, i.e. sp2 carbon core, CO and CN related surface defects, are responsible for the multi state absorptions and tunable emissions of the carbon dots. The ability to truly tune luminescence into the red wavelength region with strong visible absorption enables these carbon dots to improve the correlated color temperature and color rendering index of traditional phosphor converted white light emitting diodes.
Thickness dependent quantum oscillations in Cd3As2 thin films

Cd3As2 is a new kind of three dimensional (3D) Dirac semimetal with extraordinary carrier mobility, which can be viewed as '3D graphene' Theory predicts that Cd3As2 can be driven into a quantum spin Hall insulator with a sizeable band gap by reducing dimensionality. In this letter, we report the systematic growth of undoped Cd3As2 thin films with the thickness of 50 900 nm by molecular beam epitaxy. The magneto transport study on these single crystalline films shows a high mobility in the range of 3.8 9.1 x 103 cm2 V 1 s 1 and a relative low electron concentration of 1 8 x 1017 cm 3. Significantly, a thickness induced semimetal to semiconductor transition was observed. In contrast with what is expected in the bulk counterpart, the 50 nm thick Cd3As2 film exhibits semiconducting characteristics, witnessing an emerged bandgap opening when the dimensionality is reduced. Finally, the analyses on the temperature and angular dependence of magneto resistance and Shubnikov de Hass oscillations reveal a non trivial to trivial Berry's phase transition that is in connection with the reduced dimensionality. Our results demonstrate that the Cd3As2 thin films with unique electronic structure and high mobility hold promise for Dirac semimetal device applications.
Data Recombination for Neural Semantic Parsing
Venue: ACL

Modeling crisp logical regularities is crucial in semantic parsing, making it difficult for neural models with no task specific prior knowledge to achieve good results. In this paper, we introduce data recombination, a novel framework for injecting such prior knowledge into a model. From the training data, we induce a high precision synchronous context free grammar, which captures important conditional independence properties commonly found in semantic parsing. We then train a sequence to sequence recurrent network (RNN) model with a novel attention based copying mechanism on datapoints sampled from this grammar, thereby teaching the model about these structural properties. Data recombination improves the accuracy of our RNN model on three semantic parsing datasets, leading to new state of the art performance on the standard GeoQuery dataset for models with comparable supervision.
Proposal for a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy, hypokinetic non dilated cardiomyopathy, and its implications for clinical practice: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases.
Venue: European heart journal

In this paper the Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Disease proposes a revised definition of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in an attempt to bridge the gap between our recent understanding of the disease spectrum and its clinical presentation in relatives, which is key for early diagnosis and the institution of potential preventative measures. We also provide practical hints to identify subsets of the DCM syndrome where aetiology directed management has great clinical relevance.
The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is best understood as the final common response of myocardium to diverse genetic and environmental insults. A rigorous work up can exclude alternative causes of left ventricular (LV) dilation and dysfunction, identify etiologies that may respond to specific treatments, and guide family screening. A significant proportion of DCM cases have an underlying genetic or inflammatory basis. Measurement of LV size and ejection fraction remain central to diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment, but other aspects of cardiac remodeling inform prognosis and carry therapeutic implications. Assessment of myocardial fibrosis predicts both risk of sudden cardiac death and likelihood of LV functional recovery, and has significant potential to guide patient selection for cardioverter defibrillator implantation. Detailed mitral valve assessment is likely to assume increasing importance with the emergence of percutaneous interventions for functional mitral regurgitation. Detection of pre clinical DCM could substantially reduce morbidity and mortality by allowing early instigation of cardioprotective therapy.