nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Inclusive globalization: unpacking China's Belt and Road Initiative

's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a call for an open and inclusive (mutually beneficial) model of cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange (globalization) that draws on the deep seated meanings of the ancient Silk Roads. While it reflects China's rise as a global power, and its industrial redeployment, increased outward investment and need to diversify energy sources and routes, the BRI involves the establishment of a framework for open cooperation and new multilateral financial instruments designed to lay the infrastructural and industrial foundations to secure and solidify China's relations with countries along the Silk Roads and to extend the march of modernization and poverty reduction to emerging countries.
Effects of Taping and Orthoses on Foot Biomechanics in Adults with Flat Arched Feet.
Venue: Medicine and science in sports and exercise

There is a paucity of evidence on the biomechanical effects of foot taping and foot orthoses in realistic conditions. This study aimed to determine the immediate effect and relationships between changes in multisegment foot biomechanics with foot taping and customized foot orthoses in adults with flat arched feet.  Multisegment foot biomechanics were measured in 18 adults with flat arched feet (age 25.1 2.8 yr; height 1.73 .13 m, body mass 70.3 15.7 kg) during walking in four conditions in random order: neutral athletic shoe, neutral shoe with tape (low Dye method and modified method) and neutral shoe with customized foot orthoses. In shoe foot biomechanics were compared between conditions using a purpose developed foot model with three dimensional kinematic analysis and inverse dynamics.  Foot orthoses significantly delayed peak eversion compared to the neutral shoe (44% stance vs 39% P 0.002) Deformation across the midfoot and medial longitudinal arch was reduced with both the low Dye taping (2.4deg, P 0.001) and modified taping technique (5.5deg, P 0.001) All interventions increased peak dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (1.4deg 3.2deg, P 0.001 0.023) Biomechanical responses to taping significantly predicted corresponding changes to foot orthoses (R2 0.08 0.52, P 0.006 to <0.001) CONCLUSIONS Foot orthoses more effectively altered timing of hindfoot motion whereas taping was superior in supporting the midfoot and medial longitudinal arch. The biomechanical response to taping was significantly related to the subsequent change observed with the use of foot orthoses.
A practical guide to assess the Nancy histological index for UC
Venue: Gut

Recently, we published the first validated index to assess histological disease activity in UC.1 We believe that some clarifications have to be made regarding the assessment of this index in both clinical practice and clinical trials. Three histological criteria have to be assessed. The first criterion is the presence of mucosal ulceration defined by the loss of colonic crypts replaced with 'immature' granulation tissue (defined as disorganised blood vessels with extravasated neutrophils) or the presence of fibrinopurulent exudate. The presence of only epithelial stripping should not be considered as ulceration. 'Ulceration' (grade 4 of the Nancy index corresponding to severely active disease) is simply defined by the presence or absence of this criterion on biopsy specimen (figure 1A, B) Figure 1 (A) Ulceration of colonic mucosa with inflamed granulation
IT MATTERS WHO YOU ARE: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE RESEARCH AND RESEARCHERS

It is common for researchers in Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in science education research to draw on aspects of the scientific paradigm from their science training. The consequent research seeks to be objective. This paradigm is not necessarily appropriate for IK research. While there have been calls for IK aligned methodologies (Chilisa 2012; Keane 2008; Smith 1999) there are few examples of how this may be approached in Southern Africa. Drawing on the centrality of story and relationship in IK, we illustrate how the researcher's life experience shapes the research purpose, design and credibility. In refocusing research into IK, the relationship between research and the researcher needs greater acknowledgement. We present here story examples from three IK science education studies.
Accelerating Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Applications
Venue: ACM Multimedia

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in a wide range of computer vision tasks, typically at the cost of massive computational complexity. The low speed of these networks may hinder real time applications especially when computational resources are limited. In this paper, an efficient and effective approach is proposed to accelerate the test phase computation of CNNs based on low rank and group sparse tensor decomposition. Specifically, for each convolutional layer, the kernel tensor is decomposed into the sum of a small number of low multilinear rank tensors. Then we replace the original kernel tensors in all layers with the approximate tensors and fine tune the whole net with respect to the final classification task using standard backpropagation. Comprehensive experiments on ILSVRC 12 demonstrate significant reduction in computational complexity, at the cost of negligible loss in accuracy. For the widely used VGG 16 model, our approach obtains a 6.6$\times$ speed up on PC and 5.91$\times$ speed up on mobile device of the whole network with less than 1\ increase on top 5 error.
New Era of Teaching, Learning, and Technology: Teachers' Perceived Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Self Efficacy Towards Differentiated Instruction

Shifting from an industrial model of education to a model that best provides students with differentiated instruction (Tomlinson, 2014) requires educational philosophical change (Fullan, 2014) as well as innovation diffusion (Rogers, 2003) The problem is not the amount of research that exists on differentiation, the diffusion of innovations, or the change process. The problem is what new technological pedagogical content knowledge (Koehler Mishra, 2008) do educators need to make this change process happen? How is this knowledge communicated to finally change the "fundamental processes of schooling" (Elmore, 1996, p. 4) This sequential, mixed methods study addressed the following condensed research questions: What are in service teachers' perceived knowledge levels in relation to technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) What are teachers' perceived levels of comfort to differentiate instruction (DI) Is there a significant relationship among perceived levels of comfort to DI and TPACK? What are the relationships between educators' TPACK and DI self efficacy and the following demographics: grade level, years of teaching, adopter category, device student ratio, professional development hours in technology or DI, class size, certification(s) and educational background? A questionnaire with open ended questions provided quantitative and qualitative data (N=72) On a 5 point (SD SA) Likert scale, pre kindergarten to grade 12 teachers self perceived TPACK ranged from 3.46 to 4.00. The educators' self efficacy to DI (5point; Not Confident Very Confident) was 4.01 and DI with technology (DI T) was 3.16. Grade 8 12 teachers demonstrated significantly higher TPACK and self efficacy to DI than pre kindergarten to grade 4 teachers. Of the respondents, 22% were categorized as innovators and 32% as early adoptersconsidered teacher leaders. Both groups demonstrated more confidence with DI T than later adopter categories. Even with significant correlation between TPACK and DI (r=.47, r .22; p .001) TPACK and DI modeling ranged from 2.20 (teachers) to 1.75 (teacher leaders) and from 2.32 to 2.03 respectively (1=25% or less to 4=76 100% Qualitative themes confirmed the problem. Even though TPACK and self efficacy to DI were relatively strong, these innovative practices were being rejected. Thus, recommendations identified specific professional development needs, and for educational systems to create communication channels to more rapidly diffuse innovational pedagogies.
Schools Peers and the Political Socialization of Young Social Movement Participants in Hong Kong

This study aims to understand the rise of youth activism in Hong Kong by focusing on the effects of schools and peers on political socialization. Based on thirteen focus group sessions with fifty six young social movement participants, this study argues that Liberal Studies and teachers are two important factors contributing to the political socialization in schools of these participants. Joining peer groups in which political activism is the norm and having peers who discuss important political events or controversies are two other common ways in which young people in Hong Kong are socialized to become social movement participants. However, to fully understand the effects of schools and peers in the political socialization of young social movement participants, it also is essential to consider the political context of Hong Kong.
[Involvement of mucous membranes in autoimmune bullous diseases]
Venue: Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete

Autoimmune bullous diseases are characterized by intraepidermal or subepidermal autoantibody deposition that leads to blisters and secondary erosion. Mucous membranes are frequently affected in pemphigus vulgaris and always involved in cicatricial and mucosal pemphigoid. Mucosal lesions are detected less frequently in patients with bullous pemphigoid or epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. The diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disorders is based on determination of the subtype of autoantibodies bound in the skin and the clinical picture. Treatment is based on immunosuppression related to the type of disease and severity of the mucosal symptoms. Ocular involvement in mucosal pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris requires systemic treatment.
Impact of ICDS Trainings on Nutritional Knowledge of Anganwadi Workers

Nutrition and health education is a key element of the work of the anganwadi worker. Integrated Child Development Services scheme provides job training and refresher training to the anganwadi workers to enhance their knowledge, at training centers. The present study was conducted in Ajmer and Udaipur district of Rajasthan. A sample of 60 Anganwadi workers was taken for the purpose of study. Training impact is not shown positively on nutritional knowledge of anganwadi workers. It indicates that training programme needs to be strengthened.
LISTENING TO REAL ENGLISH: HOW MUCH DO EFL STUDENTS IN INDONESIA UNDERSTAND A NATIVE SPEAKER'S SPOKEN LANGUAGE?

Listening is considered the most significant skill in language learning, but EFL programs at universities in Indonesia provide very limited credits for this skill, i.e. 80 hours all together distributed in three semesters. The purpose of this research was to find out whether this limited number of hours could help EFL students achieve advanced level in listening to authentic English spoken by native speakers. To collect the data 20 students majoring in an EFL program in an Indonesian university were tested with authentic material. The test results showed that the total score obtained by the EFL students was 49.6% in average. Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability of the EFL students in comprehending the authentic language spoken by a native speaker of English was very low. This result suggests that students are to be exposed more to listening practice such as watching movies or listening to podcasts to improve their ability in comprehending language produced by native speakers of English.
T Cell Receptor induced Nuclear Factor kB (NF kB) Signaling and Transcriptional Activation Are Regulated by STIM1 and Orai1 mediated Calcium Entry*
Venue: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

T cell activation following antigen binding to the T cell receptor (TCR) involves the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ to activate the key transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) and NF kB. The mechanism of NFAT activation by Ca2+ has been determined. However, the role of Ca2+ in controlling NF kB signaling is poorly understood, and the source of Ca2+ required for NF kB activation is unknown. We demonstrate that TCR but not TNF induced NF kB signaling upstream of IkB kinase activation absolutely requires the influx of extracellular Ca2+ via STIM1 dependent Ca2+ release activated Ca2+/Orai channels. We further show that Ca2+ influx controls phosphorylation of the NF kB protein p65 on Ser 536 and that this posttranslational modification controls its nuclear localization and transcriptional activation. Notably, our data reveal that this role for Ca2+ is entirely separate from its upstream control of IkBa degradation, thereby identifying a novel Ca2+ dependent distal step in TCR induced NF kB activation. Finally, we demonstrate that this control of distal signaling occurs via Ca2+ dependent PKCa mediated phosphorylation of p65. Thus, we establish the source of Ca2+ required for TCR induced NF kB activation and define a new distal Ca2+ dependent checkpoint in TCR induced NF kB signaling that has broad implications for the control of immune cell development and T cell functional specificity.
Effective prediction of three common diseases by combining SMOTE with Tomek links technique for imbalanced medical data
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference of Online Analysis and Computing Science (ICOACS)

Diabetes, vertebral column pathologies and Parkinson's disease are three common diseases which have high prevalence and brought great trouble and pain to billions of patients. Computer aided diagnosis can support decision making of physicians. However, imbalanced nature of data sets hampered the mining of medical resources. In this study, we proposed a powerful preprocessing method by combining Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) with Tomek links technique and then is applied to the imbalanced medical data sets of the three diseases. By using 8 classifiers, we compared the experimental results with those of using only SMOTE technique to evaluate the effectiveness of this method. The results show that the method of SMOTE combined with Tomek links technique is much superior compared with that of using only SMOTE. The performances are evidently better, with 31, 27, 30 out of a total of 32 evaluation metrics are improved for diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and vertebral column, respectively.
DBSM: The combination of DBSCAN and SMOTE for imbalanced data classification
Venue: 2016 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE)

Many applications in the real world encounter the class imbalance problem. This problem affects the performance of the model prediction. Nowadays, resampling technique is a popular technique to handle the class imbalance problem such as oversampling, undersampling, and hybridsampling. Thus, this paper proposes a new hybrid resampling technique to deal with the class imbalance problem, called DBSM. The concept of DBSM is to use DBSCAN algorithm for undersampling and apply SMOTE technique for oversampling. The experimental results of the DBSM algorithm are compared with an original datasets and other sampling techniques, which are SMOTE, Tomek Links, SMOTE+Tomek Links and DBSCAN. The results show that the DBSM can improve the predictive performance of the classifiers. In addition, it yields the best in the average of AUC, F measure, and accuracy.
A convex optimization approach to cancer treatment to address tumor heterogeneity and imperfect drug penetration in physiological compartments
Venue: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

The clinical success of targeted cancer therapies is limited by the emergence of drug resistance often due to pre existing tumor genetic heterogeneity and acquired, therapy induced resistance. Targeted therapies have varied success in addressing metastatic disease, due to their ability to penetrate certain physiological compartments. This paper considers an evolutionary cancer model that incorporates tumor cell growth, mutation and compartmental migration and leverages recent results on the optimal control of monotone and convex systems to synthesize switching treatment strategies where a single drug or a predetermined combination of drugs is used at a given time. The need for switching is motivated by clinical considerations such as the limited effectiveness of any single targeted therapy against multiple resistance mechanisms arising in a single patient and the inability to design drug combinations at effective doses due to toxicity constraints. An optimal and clinically feasible switching therapy is obtained as the solution of a convex optimization problem that exploits the diagonally dominant structure of the model. We demonstrate that this method yields an effective strategy in mitigating disease evolution in the presence of imperfect drug penetration in two compartments on an experimentally identified model of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged lung carcinoma.
The Intratumoral Balance between Metabolic and Immunologic Gene Expression Is Associated with Anti PD 1 Response in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Venue: Cancer Immunology Research

Tumor cell intrinsic metabolic factors, a hallmark of kidney cancer, may contribute to anti PD 1 treatment resistance. This intersection between cancer immunology and metabolism supports an emerging theme of discovery for tumor type specific biomarkers for immune checkpoint blocking therapies. Pretreatment tumor PD L1 expression has been shown to correlate with response to anti PD 1/PD L1 therapies. Yet, most patients with PD L1+ tumors do not respond to treatment. The current study was undertaken to investigate mechanisms underlying the failure of PD 1 targeted therapies in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) whose tumors express PD L1. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded pretreatment tumor biopsies expressing PD L1 were derived from 13 RCC patients. RNA was isolated from PD L1+ regions and subjected to whole genome microarray and multiplex quantitative (q)RT PCR gene expression analysis. A balance between gene expression profiles reflecting metabolic pathways and immune functions was associated with clinical outcomes following anti PD 1 therapy. In particular, the expression of genes involved in metabolic and solute transport functions such as UGT1A family members, also found in kidney cancer cell lines, was associated with treatment failure in patients with PD L1+ RCC. Conversely, tumors from responding patients overexpressed immune markers such as BACH2, a regulator of CD4+ T cell differentiation, and CCL3 involved in leukocyte migration. These findings suggest that tumor cell intrinsic metabolic factors may contribute to treatment resistance in RCC, thus serving as predictive markers for treatment outcomes and potential new targets for combination therapy regimens with anti PD 1. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9) 726 33. (c)2016 AACR. See related Spotlight by Ohashi, p. 719.
Response and resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors in triple negative breast cancer
Venue: Nature

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous and clinically aggressive disease for which there is no targeted therapy. BET bromodomain inhibitors, which have shown efficacy in several models of cancer, have not been evaluated in TNBC. These inhibitors displace BET bromodomain proteins such as BRD4 from chromatin by competing with their acetyl lysine recognition modules, leading to inhibition of oncogenic transcriptional programs. Here we report the preferential sensitivity of TNBCs to BET bromodomain inhibition in vitro and in vivo, establishing a rationale for clinical investigation and further motivation to understand mechanisms of resistance. In paired cell lines selected for acquired resistance to BET inhibition from previously sensitive TNBCs, we failed to identify gatekeeper mutations, new driver events or drug pump activation. BET resistant TNBC cells remain dependent on wild type BRD4, which supports transcription and cell proliferation in a bromodomain independent manner. Proteomic studies of resistant TNBC identify strong association with MED1 and hyper phosphorylation of BRD4 attributable to decreased activity of PP2A, identified here as a principal BRD4 serine phosphatase. Together, these studies provide a rationale for BET inhibition in TNBC and present mechanism based combination strategies to anticipate clinical drug resistance.
Transposon Mutagenesis Reveals Fludarabine Resistance Mechanisms in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Venue: Clinical Cancer Research

To identify resistance mechanisms for the chemotherapeutic drug fludarabine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as innate and acquired resistance to fludarabine based chemotherapy represents a major challenge for long term disease control.  We used piggyBac transposon mediated mutagenesis, combined with next generation sequencing, to identify genes that confer resistance to fludarabine in a human CLL cell line.  In total, this screen identified 782 genes with transposon integrations in fludarabine resistant pools of cells. One of the identified genes is a known resistance mediator DCK (deoxycytidine kinase) which encodes an enzyme that is essential for the phosphorylation of the prodrug to the active metabolite. BMP2K, a gene not previously linked to CLL, was also identified as a modulator of response to fludarabine. In addition, 10 of 782 transposon targeted genes had previously been implicated in treatment resistance based on somatic mutations seen in patients refractory to fludarabine based therapy. Functional characterization of these genes supported a significant role for ARID5B and BRAF in fludarabine sensitivity. Finally, pathway analysis of transposon targeted genes and RNA seq profiling of fludarabine resistant cells suggested deregulated MAPK signaling as involved in mediating drug resistance in CLL.  To our knowledge, this is the first forward genetic screen for chemotherapy resistance in CLL. The screen pinpointed novel genes and pathways involved in fludarabine resistance along with previously known resistance mechanisms. Transposon screens can therefore aid interpretation of cancer genome sequencing data in the identification of genes modifying sensitivity to chemotherapy.  27. (c)2016 AACR.