nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better

Do inequalities of wealth matter? Do the scale, scope, and particular distribution of poverty matter? To these questions, Wilkerson and Pickett respond with a categorical and resonant yes. An intriguing, often disturbing, and always captivating work, The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger, advances a powerful political message. Among rich countries, the more unequal ones do worse according to almost every conceivable quality of life indicator. This suggests that, empirically speaking, "we have got close to the end of what economic growth can do for us" (p. 5) And it suggests further that we have reached the end of what politics as practiced currently can do for us as well. A politics focused primarily upon celebrating and rewarding production, output, efficiency, and a business oriented republic should probably give way to one favoring a greater focus on social justice and devising the ways and means necessary to advance more equitable distributions of the economic benefits and burdens of society. Support for these contentions is presented clearly, simply, and persuasively for the general public. The first part of the book is an empirical analysis comparing a number of quality of life indicators with income inequality across a range of economically advanced societies. The second part of the book suggests reasons for the findings, and the third reflects upon how the problems associated with relatively large income gaps might be alleviated. Data are taken from some 200 data sets, and the sources include the U.S. Census, the World Bank, the United Nations, and the World Health Organization. Twenty wealthy, economically developed countries are compared with reference to the data, as are the fifty American states. Tables and equations are nonexistent, graphs and numbers are nearly so. Inequality is measured by
Trust, Rapport, and Ethics in Human Trafficking Research: Reflections on Research with Male Labourers from South Asia in Singapore

This chapter discusses the complexities and challenges of conducting in depth research with trafficked persons. I draw on recently completed research with South Asian male workers in the construction, shipyard, and landscaping sectors to illustrate these issues. The chapter argues that standard ethical considerations (such as formal processes that recognize and attempt to manage risk and vulnerability) are not adequate in and of themselves when conducting research with trafficked persons. The chapter therefore expands on five interconnected ethics principles that extend beyond formal procedures. These include: respect, responsibility, reflexivity, reciprocity, and good relationships. Arguably these principles embrace a process oriented approach to human trafficking research, rather than an outcome oriented approach. The chapter also reflects on some of the concrete challenges in adhering to such principles, drawing on the project with South Asian workers.
A real time model predictive position control with collision avoidance for commercial low cost quadrotors
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA)

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the future technology for autonomous fast transportation of individual goods. They have the advantage of being small, fast and not to be limited to the local infrastructure. This is not only interesting for delivery of private consumption goods up to the doorstep, but also particularly for smart factories. One drawback of autonomous drone technology is the high development costs, that limit research and development to a small audience. This work is introducing a position control with collision avoidance as a first step to make low cost drones more accessible to the execution of autonomous tasks. The paper introduces a semilinear state space model for a commercial quadrotor and its adaptation to the commercially available AR.Drone2 system. The position control introduced in this paper is a model predictive control (MPC) based on a condensed multiple shooting continuation generalized minimal residual method (CMSCGMRES) The collision avoidance is implemented in the MPC based on a sigmoid function. The real time applicability of the proposed methods is demonstrated in two experiments with a real AR.Drone quadrotor, adressing position tracking and collision avoidance. The experiments show the computational efficiency of the proposed control design with a measured maximum computation time of less than 2ms.
Surface texture metrology for metal additive manufacturing: a review

A comprehensive analysis of literature pertaining to surface texture metrology for metal additive manufacturing has been performed. This review paper structures the results of this analysis into sections that address specific areas of interest: industrial domain; additive manufacturing processes and materials; types of surface investigated; surface measurement technology and surface texture characterisation. Each section reports on how frequently specific techniques, processes or materials have been utilised and discusses how and why they are employed. Based on these results, possible optimisation of methods and reporting is suggested and the areas that may have significant potential for future research are highlighted.
G quartet oligonucleotide mediated delivery of proteins into photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium via intravitreal injection.
Venue: Experimental eye research

There is currently no available method to efficiently deliver proteins across the plasma membrane of photoreceptor or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vivo. Thus, current clinical application of recombinant proteins in ophthalmology is limited to the use of proteins that perform their biological function extracellularly. The ability to traverse biological membranes would enable the mobilization of a significantly larger number of proteins with previously well characterized properties. Nucleolin is abundantly present on the surface of rapidly dividing cells including cancer cells. Surprisingly, nucleolin is also present on the surface of photoreceptor cell bodies. Here we investigated whether nucleolin can be utilized as a gateway for the delivery of proteins into retinal cells following intravitreal injection. AS1411 is a G quartet aptamer capable of targeting nucleolin. Subsequent to intravitreal injection, fluorescently labeled AS1411 localized to various retinal cell types including the photoreceptors and RPE. AS1411 linked to streptavidin (a ~50 kDa protein) via a biotin bridge enabled the uptake of Streptavidin into photoreceptors and RPE. AS1411 Streptavidin conjugate applied topically to the cornea allowed for uptake of the conjugate into the nucleus and cytoplasm of corneal endothelial cells. Clinical relevance of AS1411 as a delivery vehicle was strongly indicated by demonstration of the presence of cell surface nucleolin on the photoreceptors, inner neurons and ganglion cells of human retina. These data support exploration of AS1411 as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins to diseased retina.
Assessing the Writing Achievement ofYoung Struggling Writers: Application ofGeneralizability Theory

This study examined the number of writing samples needed to obtain a reliable estimate of young struggling writers' capabilities. It further assessed if performance in one genre was reflective of performance in other genres for these children. Second and third grade students (81 boys, 56 girls) who were identified as struggling writers in need of special assistance by their teacher and scored at the 25th percentile or lower on a norm referenced story writing test, wrote four compositions: a story, personal narrative, opinion essay, and informative text. Applying generalizability theory (G theory) students' scores on three writing measures (total number of words [TNW] vocabulary diversity, and writing quality) for the four compositions were each portioned into variance due to the following sources: students, writing tasks, and the interaction between students and writing tasks. We found that 14, 8, and 11 compositions, respectively, would be needed to obtain a reliable estimate of these students' writi.
Stigma
Venue: Global qualitative nursing research

In this study, we have surveyed how professionals from multidisciplinary teams at psychosocial care centers (CAPS) in the city of Sao Paulo, understand the concept of mental illness stigma. The aim of the survey was to characterize the actions developed by the team to overcome stigma and, thus, contribute to develop strategies that incorporate overcoming stigma in the territory. Our objective is to get acquainted to the concepts about stigma shared by the participants. This survey was based on the theory of stigma by Erving Goffman; data were collected through semi structured interviews with mental health professionals belonging to the CAPS teams. Results indicate that social exclusion is understood as a synonym to stigma, and that proximity of CAPS to society in the territory facilitates social inclusion and the overcoming of the mental illness stigma.
Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental health related stigma and discrimination
Venue: The Lancet

Stigma and discrimination in relation to mental illnesses have been described as having worse consequences than the conditions themselves. Most medical literature in this area of research has been descriptive and has focused on attitudes towards people with mental illness rather than on interventions to reduce stigma. In this narrative Review, we summarise what is known globally from published systematic reviews and primary data on effective interventions intended to reduce mental illness related stigma or discrimination. The main findings emerging from this narrative overview are that: (1) at the population level there is a fairly consistent pattern of short term benefits for positive attitude change, and some lesser evidence for knowledge improvement; (2) for people with mental illness, some group level anti stigma inventions show promise and merit further assessment; (3) for specific target groups, such as students, social contact based interventions usually achieve short term (but less clearly long term) attitudinal improvements, and less often produce knowledge gains; (4) this is a heterogeneous field of study with few strong study designs with large sample sizes; (5) research from low income and middle income countries is conspicuous by its relative absence; (6) caution needs to be exercised in not overgeneralising lessons from one target group to another; (7) there is a clear need for studies with longer term follow up to assess whether initial gains are sustained or attenuated, and whether booster doses of the intervention are needed to maintain progress; (8) few studies in any part of the world have focused on either the service user's perspective of stigma and discrimination or on the behaviour domain of behavioural change, either by people with or without mental illness in the complex processes of stigmatisation. We found that social contact is the most effective type of intervention to improve stigma related knowledge and attitudes in the short term. However, the evidence for longer term benefit of such social contact to reduce stigma is weak. In view of the magnitude of challenges that result from mental health stigma and discrimination, a concerted effort is needed to fund methodologically strong research that will provide robust evidence to support decisions on investment in interventions to reduce stigma.
El Control Previo como Instrumento para mejorar la efectividad en la Contratacion Publica: Algunas estrategias en materia Precontractual

Los recursos publicos destinados a la inversion en obra publica son fuente de desarrollo y sostenimiento de la nacion. De acuerdo con la Corte Constitucional.  Naranjo, M. (1999) la actividad contractual del Estado tiene como fin satisfacer el interes publico o necesidades colectivas por lo que el uso inadecuado de los recursos afecta los derechos y la prosperidad general como fines esenciales del Estado consagrados en el articulo segundo de la Carta Politica. Una de las grandes dificultades en Colombia para el control fiscal de las inversiones en los recursos publicos esta en que no se realiza en la etapa precontractual un mecanismo efectivo de control que permitiria claridad antes de la legalizacion de la contratacion, sino posteriormente a la suscripcion del contrato cuando se ha determinado y aprobado el presupuesto, reduciendo asi la prevencion de las conductas irregulares y exponiendo a que con los recursos publicos se cometan posibles delitos, lo que facilita detrimentos patrimoniales por parte de los ordenadores del gasto. El analisis de informacion de encuestas, de la legislacion, la jurisprudencia existente en torno al tema y la ejemplificacion internacional, justificara la necesidad de evaluar el sistema de control fiscal colombiano y de realizarlo en la etapa precontractual, para asi desarrollar estrategias que permitan prevenir la corrupcion y hacer mas eficientes y oportunas las intervenciones de la Contraloria y Procuraduria en el proceso de contratacion.
More Cake Please We're British! Locating British Identity in Contemporary TV Food Texts, The Great British Bake Off and Come Dine With Me

The notion of British identity in contemporary UK TV is prominent in all productions as we as a nation seek to define and differentiate ourselves and our culture in a global or transnational context. With the recent expansion of what we can call 'Food TV' including celebrity chefs like Jamie Oliver and Nigella Lawson, reality TV forms encompassing the iconic game show Masterchef (1990 BBC One Two, Union Pictures, Union West Shine TV) and the two case studies at the centre of this chapter The Great British Bake Off (2010 BBC One Two) and Come Dine With Me (2005 Channel 4, ITV Studios Shiver Productions) this impulse can be specifically identified as the shows express British identity not only in terms of ingredients and traditional dishes but also in terms of geographical location. These programmes engage with issues of class, race, sexuality and gender as the ordinary members of the public are seen to grapple with the complexities of multicultural Britain as they boil, bake, roast and grill their way through the set tasks and menus demanded by the entertainment industry.
Critically Acclaimed and Cancelled: FX's The Bridge, Channel as Brand and the Adaptation of Scripted TV Formats

This article uses The Bridge (FX, 2013 2014) an adaptation of the Danish Swedish series Broen/Bron (SVT1/DR1, 2011 to explore the ways in which the brand identities of channels shape the adaptation process for scripted television formats. By situating The Bridge in the broader context of FX's effort to maintain a coherent brand identity, the author argues that producers were not attempting to repurpose Broen/Bron's narrative for the American audience. Rather, the network wanted to provide its traditionally young and masculine audience with another 'muscular' crime series while appealing to additional demographics in the hopes of expanding the channel's overall viewership.
Racial Discrimination, John Henryism, and Depression Among African Americans
Venue: The Journal of black psychology

Evidence from previous studies indicates that racial discrimination is significantly associated with depression and that African Americans with higher levels of socioeconomic status (SES) report greater exposure to racial discrimination compared to those with lower SES levels. Coping strategies could alter the relationship between racial discrimination and depression among African Americans. This study first examined whether greater levels of SES were associated with increased reports of racial discrimination and ratings of John Henryism, a measure of high effort coping, among African Americans. Second, we examined whether high effort coping moderated the relationship between racial discrimination and depression. Data were drawn from the National Survey of American Life Reinterview (n 2,137) Analyses indicated that greater levels of education were positively associated with racial discrimination (p .001) and increased levels of racial discrimination were positively related to depression (p .001) controlling for all sociodemographic factors. Greater levels of John Henryism were associated with increased odds of depression but there was no evidence to suggest that the relationship between discrimination and depression was altered by the effects of John Henryism.
Cumulative Effect of Racial Discrimination on the Mental Health of Ethnic Minorities in the United Kingdom.
Venue: American journal of public health

To examine the longitudinal association between cumulative exposure to racial discrimination and changes in the mental health of ethnic minority people.  We used data from 4 waves (2009 2013) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal household panel survey of approximately 40 000 households, including an ethnic minority boost sample of approximately 4000 households.  Ethnic minority people who reported exposure to racial discrimination at 1 time point had 12 Item Short Form Health Survey (SF 12) mental component scores 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.31, 0.56) points lower than did those who reported no exposure to racial discrimination, whereas those who had been exposed to 2 or more domains of racial discrimination, at 2 different time points, had SF 12 mental component scores 8.26 (95% CI 13.33, 3.18) points lower than did those who reported no experiences of racial discrimination. Controlling for racial discrimination and other socioeconomic factors reduced ethnic inequalities in mental health.  Cumulative exposure to racial discrimination has incremental negative long term effects on the mental health of ethnic minority people in the United Kingdom. Studies that examine exposure to racial discrimination at 1 point in time may underestimate the contribution of racism to poor health.
A Post Racial Society in Which Ethnic Racial Discrimination Still Exists and Has Significant Consequences for Youths' Adjustment

Ethnic and racial minority youths in the United States are at risk for experiencing unfair treatment and other forms of marginalization based on their ethnic racial background. The current article discusses the prevalence of perceived ethnic racial discrimination among ethnic racial minority children and adolescents in the United States, provides an overview of the potentially negative consequences of such experiences for youth, and explains how youths' ethnic racial identity may protect against the negative effects of ethnic racial discrimination.
Detecting outliers on UCI repository datasets by Adaptive Rough Fuzzy clustering method
Venue: 2016 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC GET)

The clustering is the most effective method to identify the outliers in the UCI Repository dataset. This paper proposes detecting outliers on UCI datasets using Adaptive Rough Fuzzy C Means clustering algorithm. In the first phase of the Adaptive Rough Fuzzy C Means algorithm, the Rough k means algorithm is used for pre processing of UCI repository dataset and it is normally identify the outliers and removed from the dataset. After removed outliers in the dataset, the remaining data objects are clustered by Rough K Means, Fuzzy C Means and Adaptive fuzzy c means methods. The experimental result of the clustering algorithms and outlier detection methods are compared and also analysed using validity indexes (Davies Bouldin index, Rand index and Adjusted Rand index) performance analysis, cluster compactness and scalability methods. Further, the experimental readings show that the Adaptive Rough Fuzzy C Means clustering algorithm outperformed the Rough K Means and fuzzy C Means clustering method.
Outlier Detection Method on UCI Repository Dataset by Entropy Based Rough K means

Rough set theory is used to handle uncertainty and incomplete information by applying two sets, lower and upper approximation. In this paper, the clustering process is improved by adapting the preliminary centroid selection method on rough K means (RKM) algorithm. The entropy based rough K means (ERKM) method is developed by adapting entropy based preliminary centroids selection on RKM and executed and also validated by cluster validity indexes. An example shows that the ERKM performs effectively by selection of entropy based preliminary centroid. In addition, Outlier detection is an important task in data mining and very much different from the rest of the objects in the cluster. Entropy based rough outlier factor (EROF) method is used to detect outlier effectively for yeast dataset. An example shows that EROF detects outlier effectively on protein localisation sites and ERKM clustering algorithm performed effectively. Further, experimental readings show that the ERKM and EROF method outperformed the other methods.
Implementing Smart Factory of Industrie 4.0: An Outlook
Venue: Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks

With the application of Internet of Things and services to manufacturing, the fourth stage of industrialization, referred to as Industrie 4.0, is believed to be approaching. For Industrie 4.0 to come true, it is essential to implement the horizontal integration of inter corporation value network, the end to end integration of engineering value chain, and the vertical integration of factory inside. In this paper, we focus on the vertical integration to implement flexible and reconfigurable smart factory. We first propose a brief framework that incorporates industrial wireless networks, cloud, and fixed or mobile terminals with smart artifacts such as machines, products, and conveyors. Then, we elaborate the operational mechanism from the perspective of control engineering, that is, the smart artifacts form a self organized system which is assisted with the feedback and coordination blocks that are implemented on the cloud and based on the big data analytics. In addition, we outline the main technical features and beneficial outcomes and present a detailed design scheme. We conclude that the smart factory of Industrie 4.0 is achievable by extensively applying the existing enabling technologies while actively coping with the technical challenges.