nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
CryptoLock (and Drop It) Stopping Ransomware Attacks on User Data
Venue: 2016 IEEE 36th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS)

Ransomware is a growing threat that encrypts auser's files and holds the decryption key until a ransom ispaid by the victim. This type of malware is responsible fortens of millions of dollars in extortion annually. Worse still, developing new variants is trivial, facilitating the evasion of manyantivirus and intrusion detection systems. In this work, we presentCryptoDrop, an early warning detection system that alerts a userduring suspicious file activity. Using a set of behavior indicators, CryptoDrop can halt a process that appears to be tampering witha large amount of the user's data. Furthermore, by combininga set of indicators common to ransomware, the system can beparameterized for rapid detection with low false positives. Ourexperimental analysis of CryptoDrop stops ransomware fromexecuting with a median loss of only 10 files (out of nearly5,100 available files) Our results show that careful analysis ofransomware behavior can produce an effective detection systemthat significantly mitigates the amount of victim data loss.
Requirements change management based on object oriented software engineering with unified modeling language
Venue: 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS)

User requirements for software development are getting more complicated and are changing all the time. Not only should the requirements engineering process be well organized but requirements change management should also be effective, especially for complex systems. However, the software engineering methodology employed can also make requirements change difficult to manage. Object oriented software engineering using unified modeling language (UML) describes software systems by providing multiple views and diagrams. Therefore, software development with UML needs effective requirements change management. This study proposed a requirements change management model for object oriented methodology with UML. In order to demonstrate the proposed model, business models from the selected case study, Mission Hospital Phuket, were chosen as the user requirements for the prototype system. Two aspects of the proposed system's performance were evaluated in the research laboratory: (1) users' expectation and (2) users' satisfaction.
Does Your Company Have the Right Logo? How and Why Circular and Angular Logo Shapes Influence Brand Attribute Judgments

Five experiments document that the mere circularity and angularity of a brand logo is powerful enough to affect perceptions of the attributes of a product or company. It is theorized and shown that circular versus angular logo shapes activate softness and hardness associations, respectively, and these concepts subsequently influence product/company attribute judgments through a resource demanding imagery generation process that utilizes the visuospatial sketchpad component of working memory. There are no logo shape effects on attribute judgments when the visuospatial sketchpad component of working memory is constrained by irrelevant visual imagery, when people have a lower disposition to generate imagery when processing product information, and when the headline of the ad highlights a product attribute that differs from the inference drawn from the logo shape. Further, there are shape effects even when the shape is incidentally exposed beforehand using a priming technique rather than being a part of the logo itself, demonstrating the generalizability of our findings. When taken together, the results have implications for working memory, consumer imagery, and visual marketing.
Accuracy and Validity of Goniometer and Visual Assessments of Angular Joint Positions of the Hand and Wrist.
Venue: The Journal of hand surgery

To compare goniometric and visual assessments of angular hand joint and wrist joint positions measured by board certified hand surgeons and certified hand therapists. We hypothesized that visual estimation would be similar to the goniometric measurement accuracy of digital and wrist joint positions.  The wrist, index finger metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, and index finger proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint were evaluated in different positions by 40 observers: 20 board certified hand surgeons and 20 certified hand therapists. Each observer estimated the position of the wrist, index MCP joint, and index PIP joint of the same volunteer, who was positioned in low profile orthoses to reproduce predetermined positions. Following visual estimation, the participants measured the same joint positions using a goniometer. The control measurement was digitally determined by a radiologist who obtained radiographs of the hand and wrist positions in each orthosis. Observers were blinded to the results of control measurements.  When considering all joints at all positions, neither visual assessments nor goniometer assessments were consistently within 5deg of the measurements obtained on control radiographs. When considering individual joints, goniometer measurements were significantly closer to control radiograph measurements than the visual assessments for all 3 PIP joint positions. There was no difference for the measurements at the wrist or for 2 of the 3 MCP joint positions. Significant differences between surgeon and therapist joint angle measurements were not observed when comparing visual and goniometer assessments to radiograph controls.  Compared with radiograph measurements, neither visual nor goniometer assessment displayed high levels of accuracy. On average, visual assessment of the angular positions of the index MCP and wrist joint were as accurate as the goniometer assessment, whereas goniometer assessment of the angular position of the PIP joint was more accurate than visual assessment. There was a relatively high degree of between observer variability in measurements, and therefore, no one person's measurements could be consistently relied upon to be accurate. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic II.
Quality and Accountability in Health Care Delivery: Audit Study Evidence from Primary Care in India.
Venue: The American economic review

We present unique audit study evidence on health care quality in rural India, and find that most private providers lacked medical qualifications, but completed more checklist items than public providers and recommended correct treatments equally often. Among doctors with public and private practices, all quality metrics were higher in their private clinics. Market prices are positively correlated with checklist completion and correct treatment, but also with unnecessary treatments. However, public sector salaries are uncorrelated with quality. A simple model helps interpret our findings: Where public sector effort is low, the benefits of higher diagnostic effort among private providers may outweigh costs of potential overtreatment.
Android Based Application for Supporting English for Disability

Supporting English Learning for student with visual impairment by utilizing smartphone application is challenging in this era. How to integrate technology to make learning more effective is what educators absolutely need. This research aims to develop English for Disability (EFORD) application on Android for Junior High School Student Grade 7 with Visual Impairment The research was developed in five phases: (1) Analysis of problems (2) Collecting information analysis of the needs of the media as required of blind children. (3) The design phase of products such as the manufacture of flow.(4) Design validation phase form of an expert assessment. (5) Testing products phase. Three experts, include teacher of special needs education were invited to validated the product, and the average score was 84.33 percent or worthy category. For testing the effectiveness of the EFORD, 4 visual impairment students of grade 7 joined as participants. There were 2 indicators, i.e, technical and learning used for measuring the response of students. As result, each indicator scored more than 70% which means the product effective for improving English skills of students, particularly in grammar and speaking. However, more field testing are needed to check the feasibility of the EFORD.
Automatic Detection and Severity Assessment of Crop Diseases Using Image Pattern Recognition

Disease diagnosis and severity assessment are necessary and critical for predicting the likely crop yield losses, evaluating the economic impact of the disease, and determining whether preventive treatments are worthwhile or particular control strategies could be taken. In this work, we propose to make advances in the field of automatic detection and diagnosis and severity assessment of crop diseases using image pattern recognition. We have developed a two stage crop disease pattern recognition system which can automatically identify crop diseases and assess sevrity based on combination of marker controlled watershed segmentation, superpixel based feature analysis and classification. We have conducted experimental evaluation using different feature selection and classification methods. The experimental result shows that the proposed approach can accurately detect crop diseases (i.e. Septoria and Yellow rust, which are the two most important and major types of wheat diseases in UK and across the world) and assess the disease severity with efficient processing speed.
Enhanced Efficiency and Flight Envelope by Variable Main Rotor Speed For Different Helicopter Configurations

Today, most rotorcraft are operated at constant rotor speeds. Recent studies show that a variable rotor speed increases the efficiency and extends the flight envelope of rotorcraft   With a variable rotor speed, rotorcraft can be developed and optimized for a whole operational design range rather than a specific design point. Funded by the German Aviation Research Program (LuFo V 2) and the Austrian Research Program TAKE OFF, the project VARI SPEED intends to give answers about the applicability and the determination of decision factors of such a technology. In this study the effects of a variable speed rotor design on power savings and flight envelope are discussed for various existing helicopter configurations. Calculations were performed using NDARC (NASA Design and Analysis of Rotorcraft) The aircraft chosen for the study are the UH 60A single main rotor and tail rotor helicopter, the CH 47D tandem helicopter, the XH 59A coaxial lift offset helicopter and the XV 15 tiltrotor. Areas of possible power savings, ranges of rotational speed and main rotor torque effects are presented. The effects of additional transmission weight are also highlighted. Depending on the aircraft, significant power savings are possible at certain flight regimes.
Validation of predicted vibratory loads of a coaxial rotor at high advance ratios with wind tunnel test data

The predictions of a comprehensive analysis based on UMARC are compared to experimental coaxial rotor results. The experiments cover a range of collective pitch angles from 2 to 10 advance ratios from 0:2 to 0:5, and lift offset from 0% to 20% The experimental model rotor system is a pair of hingeless coaxial rotors, with two blades each, and a first flap frequency of approximately 1:6/rev. It was tested in the Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel at the University of Maryland as isolated rotors and as a counter rotating coaxial rotor system The simulation is validated against coaxial performance and vibratory loads. The simulation captures increasing rotor efficiency with lift offset and advance ratio and also properly models 2/rev vibratory loads with advance ratio, lift offset, and rotor to rotor phase. The inversion of thrust between upper and lower rotor with advance ratio is identified.
Revitalising advanced rotorcraft research and the compound helicopter
Venue: The Aeronautical Journal

PREFACE I was honoured to have been selected to deliver the 35th Nikolsky Honorary Lecture. My graduate education at Princeton University owed much to the influence of Alexander A. Nikolsky, the second faculty member appointed to the Princeton Aeronautical Engineering Department in 1943(1) I arrived in 1963, only months after he passed away, but the memory of his presence was still vivid in the minds of his students and colleagues, as well as the professors who introduced me to rotorcraft(2,3) Bob Lynn, Senior Vice President at Bell Helicopter Textron, one of Nikolsky's most illustrious students, recalled the impact of his teaching in the 12th Nikolsky Lecture  ABSTRACT This paper briefly reviews the history and development of compounds, tiltrotors and hingeless rotors. Largely through a quirk of history, the compound has been neglected for over three decades. The mission performance potential of the compound is re examined based on basic aerodynamic principles and by surveying recent NASA and Army mission design studies. A rational case can be made that the compound is the preferred rotorcraft for intermediate speed missions and that it can be a worthy complement to the helicopter and tiltrotor. Past US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AFDD) aeromechanics research in aeroelastic stability and prediction methodology is reviewed in support of advancing both conventional and compound rotorcraft. This paper describes ten research and development (R&D) initiatives to revitalise advanced rotorcraft research for both conventional and future compound rotorcraft.
Active and Continuous Exploration with Deep Neural Networks and Expected Model Output Changes
Venue: ArXiv

The demands on visual recognition systems do not end with the complexity offered by current large scale image datasets, such as ImageNet. In consequence, we need curious and continuously learning algorithms that actively acquire knowledge about semantic concepts which are present in available unlabeled data. As a step towards this goal, we show how to perform continuous active learning and exploration, where an algorithm actively selects relevant batches of unlabeled examples for annotation. These examples could either belong to already known or to yet undiscovered classes. Our algorithm is based on a new generalization of the Expected Model Output Change principle for deep architectures and is especially tailored to deep neural networks. Furthermore, we show easy to implement approximations that yield efficient techniques for active selection. Empirical experiments show that our method outperforms currently used heuristics.
Effect of Extraction Method on Biochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Apricot Seed Oil

In this study, apricot seed oil (ASO) was extracted by using either cold press (CP ASO) or solvent extraction (SEASO) method. The effect of the extraction methods on chemical composition, antioxidant activity, oxidative stability and color of apricot seed oil was determined. Oleic acid with more than 70% ratio was the major fatty acid. The concentration of tocopherol isomers was in the order of g>a>d>b for both types of oils. Lag phase formation of lipid hydroperoxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and rancimat induction period of SE ASO were greater than those of CP ASO's. Results indicated that extraction method did not influence the fatty acid composition, TAG composition, total phenolic content and color values of apricot seed oils, but it had a significant effect on tocopherol content, antioxidant activity and oxidative stability of oils.
Fast feature matching for detailed point cloud generation
Venue: 2016 Sixth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA)

Structure from motion is a very popular technique for obtaining three dimensional point cloud based reconstructions of objects from un organised sets of images by analysing the correspondences between feature points detected in those images. However, the point clouds stemming from usual feature point extractors such as SIFT are frequently too sparse for reliable surface recovery. In this paper we show that alternate feature descriptors such as A KAZE, which provide denser coverage of images, yield better results and more detailed point clouds. Unfortunately, the use of a dramatically increased number of points per image poses a computational challenge. We propose a technique based on epipolar geometry restrictions to significantly cut down on processing time and an efficient implementation thereof on a GPU.
Pulse Proteins: From Processing to Structure Function Relationships

Interest in alternative protein sources to those derived from animal, soy and wheat is on the rise, as consumers are searching for lower cost, healthier alternatives without compromising product quality and safety. Pulses are rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals and are low in fat. Although pea proteins experience greater integration into the plant protein ingredient market than others, lentil, chickpea, bean and faba beans are not far behind. This review discusses approaches used for extracting pulse proteins used to produce protein products (concentrates/isolates) mechanism driving structure function relationships as well as potential applications.
Mammalian Innate Immune Response to a Leishmania Resident RNA Virus Increases Macrophage Survival to Promote Parasite Persistence.
Venue: Cell host microbe

Some strains of the protozoan parasite Leishmania guyanensis (L.g) harbor a viral endosymbiont called Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1) LRV1 recognition by TLR 3 increases parasite burden and lesion swelling in vivo. However, the mechanisms by which anti viral innate immune responses affect parasitic infection are largely unknown. Upon investigating the mammalian host's response to LRV1, we found that miR 155 was singularly and strongly upregulated in macrophages infected with LRV1+ L.g when compared to LRV1 L.g. LRV1 driven miR 155 expression was dependent on TLR 3/TRIF signaling. Furthermore, LRV1 induced TLR 3 activation promoted parasite persistence by enhancing macrophage survival through Akt activation in a manner partially dependent on miR 155. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt resulted in a decrease in LRV1 mediated macrophage survival and consequently decreased parasite persistence. Consistent with these data, miR 155 deficient mice showed a drastic decrease in LRV1 induced disease severity, and lesional macrophages from these mice displayed reduced levels of Akt phosphorylation.
Experimental infection of Phlebotomus perniciosus by bioluminescent Leishmania infantum using murine model and artificial feeder
Venue: Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Leishmaniasis is a vector borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In the present study, we carried out a screening on the experimental infection of Phlebotomus pernioucus by bioluminescent Leishmania infantum using murine model and artificial feeder. We developed a real time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) based method to determine individually the number of Leishmania promastigotes fed by infected flies. Among 1840 new emerged female sand flies, 428 were fed on the infected mice. After their death, they were analysed individually by RT PCR. Our results demonstrated just a single Leishmania positive female at sixth day post meal. A total of 1070 female sand flies were exposed in contact with artificial feeder containing the human blood with two different quantities of Leishmania parasites: 2.106/mL and 1.107/mL. A blood meal including 1.107/mL LUC promastigotes was proposed to 270 females and 75 (28% flies were engorged. Among them, 44 (59% were positive by RT PCR analysis, with a relative average of 50551 Leishmania parasites. In case of blood feeding of females with 2.106/mL promastigotes, 57 out of 800 (7% females succeed to feed from artificial feeder which 22 (39% were positive with a relative average of 6487 parasites.
Outpatient Total Hip Arthroplasty, Total Knee Arthroplasty, and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Venue: JBJS reviews

The demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is growing rapidly because of the proven success of these procedures and an increase in the aging population. However, resources are limited and health care budgets are finite. Recently, a number of care providers have started performing these procedures on an outpatient basis, with the patients being discharged from the hospital on the day of surgery. The primary objective of this systematic review was to examine the evidence regarding the safety and feasibility of performing THA, TKA, or UKA on an outpatient basis. An electronic search of 3 online databases (Embase, MEDLINE, and HealthSTAR) was conducted to identify eligible studies. The reference lists of identified articles were then screened. All studies evaluating outcomes following outpatient THA, TKA, or UKA were included. Eligible articles that included a comparative group were assessed for methodological quality with use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non Randomized Studies of Interventions (ACROBAT NRSI) Non comparative studies were assessed for quality with use of the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Instrument. The electronic literature search yielded 805 articles. Following a review of the titles, abstracts and reference lists, 26 articles remained and were assessed for eligibility. Of those, 17 articles (79,500 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Although both quality assessment tools showed that the majority of studies included in the review were of poor quality, there was no increase in readmission rates or perioperative complications among patients who underwent outpatient procedures. Studies assessing satisfaction illustrated a high level of satisfaction for the majority of patients. The average age of the patients in the THA studies ranged from 53.5 to 63 years. The TKA and UKA studies included an older population, with mean ages ranging from 55 to 68 years. The majority of the included studies included a larger percentage of males as compared with females. Of the 17 included studies, 4 were cohort studies with a control group and 13 were case series. All 4 cohort studies indicated that the complication rates and clinical outcomes were similar between the inpatient and outpatient groups. Furthermore, the 3 studies that involved an economic analysis indicated that outpatient arthroplasty is financially advantageous. In selected patients, outpatient THA, TKA, and UKA can be performed safely and effectively. The included studies lacked sufficient internal validity, sample size, methodological consistency, and standardization of protocols and outcomes. There is a need for high quality prospective cohort and randomized trials to definitively assess the safety and effectiveness of outpatient THA, TKA, and UKA.