nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Intention to use E Government Services among Iran Citizens

Electronic government is the way the Government works and tries to get better interactions with people and businesses with better access, connectivity, providing better systems and services.  The research under taken utilizes quantitative method of data collection for key data. In this research, the population is the citizens in Iran and the unit of analysis is the citizens who worked in some organization in Iran. Data is analyzed by SPSS software (Multiple Regression Analysis) 250 questionnaires were randomly distributed to the society. The questionnaire papers are assigned was given in 5 main cities of Iran, which was Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz, Mashhad. 118 questionnaire papers were removed; these are those who do not complete the questionnaires properly and completely. Finally, 132 questionnaire papers were collected properly.  According to the findings from this research, the government must emphasize the social issue about how to socialize the service in e government. Government should be proactive in building the awareness of citizen rather than concentrating on the technical issue because without the awareness and adoption of citizens, the technology used is just a waste of budget. The nature of the globalization process affects countries in order to reduce costs and increase revenue per advent of electronic government. Results are mixed indirect rather than have the same meaning as compared with direct outputs. This research can help governments collect data about factors which have an effect on Iran citizen's intention to use electronic government services. It will help the government to find out the most important areas that need to be considered. Finally, the most important outcome expected from this study is to increase citizens' acceptance of Electronic government in the future. Novelty/Improvement: Identify the most important factors that have an effect on citizens of Iran intention to make use of electronic government service.
Intention to use e government services among the academic staff in Saudi universities

E government diffusion and usage is a global topic that concerns many countries worldwide. E government is a way for providing services of government over online channels of communication to its citizens. Saudi Arabia has implemented a program of e government in 2005 to encourage performance of public sectors through acquiring the benefits of Information Communication Technology (ICT) advances. This study focuses on the factors that influence intention to use e government among the academic staff in Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study is to identify the mediating role of e government awareness on the relationships between social influence, trust of internet and trust in intermediaries and intention to use e government and the mediating role of perceived risk on the relationships between trust of internet and trust in intermediaries and intention to use e government. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) this study integrated these factors to examine their influences on intention to use e government. This study utilized a quantitative approach using a survey to reflect consumers' perspectives towards e government usage. To examine the hypothesized model, the data were collected from the academic staff working in Saudi public universities. This study employed Partial Least Squares techniques to confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement model and to examine the structural relationships. The findings of the study confirmed the influences of social influence, e government awareness, trust in intermediary and perceived risk on intention to use e government. Further, awareness of e government is influenced by social influence, trust in Internet and trust in intermediary and mediates the relationship between these factors and intention to use e government. Trust in Internet factor emerged as significant predictor of consumers' risk perceptions and mediates the relationship between this factor and intention to use e government. This study has important implications for e government practitioners, researchers and policy decision makers interested in the implementation of e government
TEM modes influenced electron acceleration by Hermite Gaussian laser beam in plasma

Electron acceleration by a circularly polarized Hermite Gaussian (HG) laser beam in the plasma has been investigated theoretically for the different transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode indices m, n as (0, 1) (0, 2) (0, 3) and (0, 4) HG laser beam possesses higher trapping force compared with a standard Gaussian beam owing to its propagation characteristics during laser electron interaction. A single particle simulation indicates a resonant enhancement in the electron acceleration with HG laser beam. We present the intensity distribution for different TEM modes. We also analyze the dependence of beam width parameter on electron acceleration distance, which effectively influences the electron dynamics. Electron acceleration up to longer distance is observed with the lower modes. However, the higher electron energy gain is observed with higher modes at shorter distance of propagation.
Miniaturization of TEM Horn Using Spherical Modes Engineering
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

The spherical mode expansion is exploited to miniaturize a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) horn antenna and achieve good frequency and time domain performances. To adjust the radiated powers of fundamental transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, the combined loop and TEM horn antenna is engineered. The constructive combination of the two modes below the horn's turn on frequency miniaturizes the antenna and improves its gain. The magnitude and phase tuning of the desired modes is achieved by modifying the loop's geometry. The spherical modal spectrum at higher frequencies is also studied and the antenna's geometry is further modified to maintain constructive interference between the higher order spherical modes. A prototype with electrical size of 0.188 l x 0.145 l x 0.087 l (length x width x height) at the turn on frequency is fabricated over a ground plane. Over three times lower turn on frequency is obtained compared to a conventional TEM horn with up to 9 dB improvement in the realized gain at the low end and better radiation characteristics over more than 5:1 bandwidth (from 0.87 to 4.5 GHz) Unidirectional operation with front to back ratio 9 dB and excellent time domain performance with fidelity factor 95% over wide field of view are also demonstrated.
Simultaneous determination of triptolide, tripterifordin, celastrol and nine sesquiterpene alkaloids in Tripterygium preparations using high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
Venue: Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

Tripterygium wilfordii tablet (TWT) and Tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) the preparations of the two Tripterygium herbs, are well known for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other related inflammatory diseases clinically. In the present study, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QQQ/MS) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 12 chemical components in Tripterygium preparations. The fragmentation patterns of analytes using ESI and collision induced dissociation (CID) techniques were reported. This assay method was validated with respect to linearity (r(2)>0.9991) precision, repeatability, and accuracy (recovery rate between 97.2 and 104.2% The proposed method was successfully applied for simultaneous quantification of the 12 compounds in Tripterygium preparations from the different manufactures. In addition, to evaluate the quality of Tripterygium preparations, partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS DA) was performed to differentiate the contents of 12 compounds. In conclusion, the established HPLC/QQQ/MS method was proven to be useful and efficient for quality control of Tripterygium preparations.
Towards a fault tolerant RISC V softcore

As predicted by Gordon E. Moore in 1975, the number of transistors has doubled every two years over the last decades. This technology scaling led to a higher performance of Integrated Circuits (ICs) like processors, but have also made these devices more susceptible to Single Event Effects (SEEs) SEEs are caused by transistors changing state unintended due to particles disposing significant amounts of energy when they hit an IC. In this thesis, the design, implementation, and verification of a fault tolerant RISC V processor, which can detect two errors and correct one error, is presented. The RISC V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is an open source architecture which defines all interactions between the software and hardware. Two designs, the ECC based and Hybrid design, are presented which both use Error Correction Codes (ECC) and N Modular Redundancy (NMR) for adding fault tolerance to the softcore. Hamming Single Error Correction, Double Error Detection (SECDED) codes were selected as the ECC coding scheme. The hybrid design, which uses NMR in the pipeline and ECC for memory elements, is chosen for implementation, because it has a lower complexity, less Single Points of Failure (SPOFs) and a higher estimated clock frequency. The design's fault tolerance is verified with fault injection through saboteurs, which are placed at predefined locations in the design. The test architecture for the design consists of a verification suite, a simulation based environment using ModelSim and an on board test environment using a Spartan 6 Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) The verification tests showed that the hybrid design can mitigate all injected single and double faults, without having a single failure occurring. The design did not meet the clock frequency and resource utilization targets set by Technolution B.V. because of long delay paths and large decoders. The design, however, allows for improvements like the insertion of extra pipeline stages and parallel decoding and data processing
Relative Pose Estimation from Straight Lines using Parallel Line Clustering and its Application to Monocular Visual Odometry
Venue: VISIGRAPP

This paper tackles the problem of relative pose estimation between two monocular camera images in textureless scenes. Due to a lack of point matches, point based approaches such as the 5 point algorithm often fail when used in these scenarios. Therefore we investigate relative pose estimation from line observations. We propose a new approach in which the relative pose estimation from lines is extended by a 3D line direction estimation step. The estimated line directions serve to improve the robustness and the efficiency of all processing phases: they enable us to guide the matching of line features and allow an efficient calculation of the relative pose. First, we describe in detail the novel 3D line direction estimation from a single image by clustering of parallel lines in the world. Secondly, we propose an innovative guided matching in which only clusters of lines with corresponding 3D line directions are considered. Thirdly, we introduce the new relative pose estimation based on 3D line directions. Finally, we combine all steps to a visual odometry system. We evaluate the different steps on synthetic and real sequences and demonstrate that in the targeted scenarios we outperform the state of the art in both accuracy and computation time.
Warming before and after epidural block before general anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery prevents perioperative hypothermia: A randomised controlled trial
Venue: European journal of anaesthesiology

Epidural analgesia (EDA) is known to be an independent risk factor for perioperative hypothermia and its many known adverse effects. Combined general and epidural anaesthesia decreases intraoperative core temperature more rapidly than general anaesthesia alone. Hence, adequate warming procedures are needed for these patients.  We evaluated the effects of active skin surface warming before and/or after initiation of EDA during general anaesthesia as a procedure to prevent perioperative hypothermia.  A randomised controlled trial. SETTING Department of Anaesthesiology in a general hospital in Germany from January 2013 until August 2014.  After obtaining written informed consent, we included 99 adult patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery under combined general anaesthesia and EDA with an expected duration of surgery of at least 120 min. Patients were excluded if they were under 18 years of age, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status 4 or higher or if patients refused EDA.  Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received either only passive insulation, 15 min of active air forced warming after EDA and before induction of general anaesthesia, or two periods, each of 15 min, of active air forced warming before and after EDA. Core and skin temperatures were measured at several time points throughout the study.  The primary outcome measure was the incidence of hypothermia on arrival in the ICU. The secondary outcome measure was the incidence of postoperative shivering. In addition, the perioperative change in body core temperature was recorded.  Without prewarming (n 32) 72% of patients became hypothermic <36degC) at the end of anaesthesia. Fifteen minutes of warming after insertion of the epidural catheter and before initiation of general anaesthesia reduced the incidence of postoperative hypothermia to 6% (n 33) After two periods of 15 min of warming before and after insertion of the epidural catheter, no patient became hypothermic (n 34) Prewarming in either 'warming' group prevents the initial temperature drop which was observed in the control group.  Warming for 15 min before and after initiation of EDA in patients receiving combined anaesthesia is effective in preventing postoperative hypothermia.
Unsupervised Feature Learning With Symmetrically Connected Convolutional Denoising Auto encoders
Venue: ArXiv

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown their power on many computer vision tasks. However, there are still some limitations, including their dependency to large scale labeled training data and sensitivity to weight initialization. In this paper, we try to address these two problems by proposing a simple yet powerful CNN based denoising auto encoder which can be trained end to end in an unsupervised manner. The network architecture we employ is a fully convolutional auto encoder with symmetric encoderdecoder connections. The proposed method can not only reconstruct clean images from corrupted ones, but also learn image representation through the reconstruction training. It can further be adapted to find data driven network initialization without using extra training data. Experimental results show that our network can learn good feature from unlabeled data, which can be easily transferred to different high level vision tasks such as image classification and semantic segmentation. The data driven initialization method based on the convolutional auto encoder is also competitive.
Southern Ocean deep convection as a driver of Antarctic warming events

Simulations with a free running coupled climate model show that heat release associated with Southern Ocean deep convection variability can drive centennial scale Antarctic temperature variations of up to 2.0 degC. The mechanism involves three steps: Preconditioning: heat accumulates at depth in the Southern Ocean; Convection onset: wind and/or sea ice changes tip the buoyantly unstable system into the convective state; Antarctic warming: fast sea ice albedo feedbacks (on annual decadal timescales) and slow Southern Ocean frontal and sea surface temperature adjustments to convective heat release (on multidecadal century timescales) drive an increase in atmospheric heat and moisture transport toward Antarctica. We discuss the potential of this mechanism to help drive and amplify climate variability as observed in Antarctic ice core records.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective randomised trial.
Venue: Journal of wound care

To investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on healing chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) METHOD Patients with chronic DFUs were randomised (1:1) to receive a series of six ESWT treatments over 3 weeks in combination with standard care or standard care alone. ESWT was performed on DFUs using 250 shocks/cm2 and 500 shocks on arterial beds supplying the ulcer location.  We recruited 23 patients, 11 in the intervention group and 12 in the control. Transcutaneous oxygen tension was significantly increased in patients treated with ESWT compared with those receiving standard care alone at 3 weeks (p=0.044) Ulcer area reduction was 34.5% in the intervention group versus 5.6% in the control group at 7 weeks (p=0.387) Within group analysis revealed a significant reduction of ulcer area in the intervention group (p<0.01) while healing was not demonstrated in the control group (p>0.05) (data tested for trend) CONCLUSION This randomised study indicates a potential beneficial effect of ESWT on ulcer healing as well as tissue oxygenation. Owing to weaknesses of the study and the fact that ulcer healing was not significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group, a larger randomised trial with blinded design is suggested.
Effect of electrical forepaw stimulation on capillary transit time heterogeneity (CTH)
Venue: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Functional hyperemia reduces oxygen extraction efficacy unless counteracted by a reduction of capillary transit time heterogeneity of blood. We adapted a bolus tracking approach to capillary transit time heterogeneity estimation for two photon microscopy and then quantified changes in plasma mean transit time and capillary transit time heterogeneity during forepaw stimulation in anesthetized mice (C57BL/6NTac) In addition, we analyzed transit time coefficient of variance capillary transit time heterogeneity/mean transit time, which we expect to remain constant in passive, compliant microvascular networks. Electrical forepaw stimulation reduced, both mean transit time (11.3% 1.3% and capillary transit time heterogeneity (24.1% 3.3% consistent with earlier literature and model predictions. We observed a coefficient of variance reduction (14.3% 3.5% during functional activation, especially for the arteriolar to venular passage. Such coefficient of variance reduction during functional activation suggests homogenization of capillary flows beyond that expected as a passive response to increased blood flow by other stimuli. This finding is consistent with an active neurocapillary coupling mechanism, for example via pericyte dilation. Mean transit time and capillary transit time heterogeneity reductions were consistent with the relative change inferred from capillary hemodynamics (cell velocity and flux) Our findings support the important role of capillary transit time heterogeneity in flow metabolism coupling during functional activation.
SImulator of GAlaxy Millimetre/submillimetre Emission (sigame) CO emission from massive z 2 main sequence galaxies

We present SIGAME (SImulator of GAlaxy Millimetre/submillimetre Emission) a new numerical code designed to simulate the 12CO rotational line emission spectrum of galaxies. Using sub grid physics recipes to post process the outputs of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations, a molecular gas phase is condensed out of the hot and partly ionized SPH gas. The gas is subjected to far UV radiation fields and cosmic ray ionization rates which are set to scale with the local star formation rate volume density. Level populations and radiative transport of the CO lines are solved with the 3 D radiative transfer code LIME. We have applied SIGAME to cosmological SPH simulations of three disc galaxies at z=2 with stellar masses in the range (0.5 2)x10^11 Msun and star formation rates ~40 140 Msun/yr. Global CO luminosities and line ratios are in agreement with observations of disc galaxies at z~2 up to and including J=3 2 but falling short of the few existing J=5 4 observations. The central 5 kpc regions of our galaxies have CO 3 2/1 0 and 7 6/1 0 brightness temperature ratios of ~0.55 0.65 and ~0.02 0.08, respectively, while further out in the disc the ratios drop to more quiescent values of ~0.5 and =3 and CO to H2 conversion factors =3.6 Msun*pc^2/(K km/s)
Calibrated cryo cell UV LA ICPMS elemental concentrations from NGRIP ice core reveal abrupt, sub annual variability in dust across the interstadial period GI 21.2

2) There are some novelties in this paper on the way the authors prepared the standards to convert the count per seconds (intensities) into concentrations. However they use standard riverine waters (SLRS) and a suspension of NIST648 leached with ultrapure HNO3, which resulted in an ice matrix standard which is far from the real ice matrix. We know that the slopes of the calibration curves are highly dependent from the matrix itself and I think therefore that the results may be strongly biased by the different ionization of the ice matrix compared to the standard ones.
Metabolic challenge of proneural glioblastoma cancer stem cell lines does not induce a mesenchymal transformation in vitro

The histologically defined tumor entity glioblastoma (GBM) comprises different molecular subgroups. On a transcriptional level, at least two subgroups were uniformly identified: proneural and mesenchymal GBM. Treatment of GBM with radiotherapy and anti angiogenic drugs may trigger molecular subtype transformation with proneural tumors shifting towards a mesenchymal phenotype. Because both treatment modalities also result in dramatic changes of the metabolic microenvironment of GBM, we hypothesized if the major determinants in local microenvironment hypoxia and (lactate) acidosis may induce consistent changes in the phenotype of primary glioblastoma stem cell lines in vitro. A panel of 5 different proneural GBM stem cell lines (GSC) lines was systematically challenged for 7 days with acidosis (pH 5.5 7.4) sodium lactate (0 60 mM) lactic acid (0 15 mM) or with 72 h hypoxia (2% oxygen) Acidosis significantly improved survival but inhibited proliferation of GSC lines. Sodium lactate inhibited proliferation without affecting survival. Neither acidosis nor sodium lactate did consistently change growth pattern or stem cell marker expression. Hypoxia and lactate induced a more proneural like phenotype with increased Olig2 and CD133 expression in 1 GSC line, but did not consistently alter marker expression in the other 4 GSC lines. None of the 5 GSC lines investigated showed changes indicative for a proneural to mesenchymal transformation towards a more malignant phenotype. Taken together, our data does not exclude the possibility that metabolic factors like lactate acidosis may induce a more mesenchymal phenotype. Nevertheless, data suggest that therapy induced metabolic changes in the microenvironment are likely not of crucial importance to our understanding of mesenchymal transformation after radio and anti angiogenic therapy for most GBM.