nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Refining Subgames in Large Imperfect Information Games
Venue: AAAI

The leading approach to solving large imperfect information games is to pre calculate an approximate solution using a simplified abstraction of the full game; that solution is then used to play the original, full scale game. The abstraction step is necessitated by the size of the game tree. However, as the original game progresses, the remaining portion of the tree (the subgame) becomes smaller. An appealing idea is to use the simplified abstraction to play the early parts of the game and then, once the subgame becomes tractable, to calculate a solution using a finer grained abstraction in real time, creating a combined final strategy. While this approach is straightforward for perfect information games, it is a much more complex problem for imperfect information games. If the subgame is solved locally, the opponent can alter his play in prior to this subgame to exploit our combined strategy. To prevent this, we introduce the notion of subgame margin, a simple value with appealing properties. If any best response reaches the subgame, the improvement of exploitability of the combined strategy is (at least) proportional to the sub game margin. This motivates subgame refinements resulting in large positive margins. Unfortunately, current techniques either neglect subgame margin (potentially leading to a large negative subgame margin and drastically more exploitable strategies) or guarantee only non negative subgame margin (possibly producing the original, unrefined strategy, even if much stronger strategies are possible) Our technique remedies this problem by maximizing the subgame margin and is guaranteed to find the optimal solution. We evaluate our technique using one of the top participants of the AAAI 14 Computer Poker Competition, the leading playground for agents in imperfect information settings.
Epistemic GDL: A Logic for Representing and Reasoning about Imperfect Information Games
Venue: IJCAI

This paper proposes a logical framework for representing and reasoning about imperfect information games. We first extend the game description language (GDL) with the standard epistemic operators and provide it with a semantics based on the epistemic state transition model. We then demonstrate how to use the language to represent the rules of an imperfect information game and formalize its epistemic properties. We also show how to use the framework to reason about player's own as well as other players' knowledge during game playing. Finally we prove that the model checking problem of the framework is in D2p, which is the lowest among the existing similar frameworks, even though its lower bound is Th2p. These results indicate that the framework makes a good balance between expressive power and computational efficiency.
Imperfect Information Games and Generalized Planning
Venue: IJCAI

We study a generalized form of planning under partial observability, in which we have multiple, possibly infinitely many, planning domains with the same actions and observations, and goals expressed over observations, which are possibly temporally extended. By building on work on two player (nonprobabilistic) games with imperfect information in the Formal Methods literature, we devise a general technique, generalizing the belief state construction, to remove partial observability. This reduces the planning problem to a game of perfect information with a tight correspondence between plans and strategies. Then we instantiate the technique and solve some generalized planning problems.
Making Things Stick: Surveillance Technologies and Mexico's War on Crime

With Mexico's War on Crime as the backdrop, Making Things Stick offers an innovative analysis of how surveillance technologies impact governance in the global society. More than just tools to monitor ordinary people, surveillance technologies are imagined by government officials as a way to reform the national state by focusing on the material things cellular phones, automobiles, human bodies that can enable crime. In describing the challenges that the Mexican government has encountered in implementing this novel approach to social control, Keith Guzik presents surveillance technologies as a sign of state weakness rather than strength and as an opportunity for civic engagement rather than retreat. "This book rethinks the idea of surveillance. Surveillance technologies are elements in an assemblage of other objects and people, so their materiality matters for how we understand surveillance and power. I very much welcome the focus on the relationships between technologies, authorities, and those who are governed within their purview." LOUISE AMOORE, author of The Politics of Possibility Professor of Human Geography, Durham University "We live in an era of intense state surveillance and in a moment when we are both aware of the general outlines of the surveillance state and, yet, still mostly uncertain about how to think about what surveillance is. For readers anxious to put the surveillance state in a broader global and conceptual framework, it will be a must read." TOBY JONES, Associate Professor of History at Rutgers University "This is a very interesting work, filled with insight and built on solid empirical research. It shows a deep understanding of the role of surveillance in modern societies and, within that larger aim, focuses on creative and compelling ways in the case of Mexico."DIANE E. DAVIS, Charles Dyer Norton Professor of Regional Planning and Urbanism, Harvard University KEITH GUZIK is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Colorado, Denver. He is the author of Arresting Abuse and the coeditor of The Mangle in Practice
Tungsten Oxide Layers of High Acoustic Impedance for Fully Insulating Acoustic Reflectors
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

Gravimetric sensors based on solidly mounted resonators require fully insulating acoustic reflectors to avoid parasitics when operating in liquid media. In this work, we propose a new high acoustic impedance material, tungsten oxide (WO3) for acoustic reflectors. We have optimized the sputtering conditions of WO3 to obtain nonconductive layers with mass density around 6700 kg/m3 and acoustic velocities for the shear and the longitudinal modes up to 2700 and 4500 m/s, respectively. Compared to other conventionally used high impedance layers, WO3 films display several manufacture advantages, such as high deposition rates, great reproducibility, and good adhesion to underlying substrates. We have demonstrated the applicability of WO3 in practical shear mode bulk acoustic wave resonators that display good performance in liquid environments.
Impact of the transition to continous trading on emerging financial market's liquidity Case study of the West Africa Regional Exchange Market (BRVM)

After 18 years of activities and take off difficulties due to socio economic and political environment of the WAEMU zone, the west Africa regional exchange market (BRVM)'s authorities decided to move to continuous trading. The decision was effective on 16th september 2013. This action, beyond the upgrading of this stock exchange market to international standards, aims at improving market liquidity. Two years after its implementation, it seemed interesting to question the relevancy of this decision. In this empirical research, we are interested in evaluating the impact of the transition to continuous trading on market liquidity. Based on data collected from daily trading report and available databases, we mobilized the instrumental variables method to identify the part of the observed variation in liquidity due to the quotation mode change. This method was applied to evaluate the change in trading volume, TurnOver ratio, Martins index, Amihud ratio, Hui Heubel ratio and market impact due to quotation mode change. It appears from this research that the multiplication by 2.5 of the monthly trading volume observed after the change is not only due to the transition to continuous trading. A similar conclusion can be made for other dimensions of liquidity. In addition, we realized that the impact is not uniform from one stock to another. On the managerial level, the results of this research question the relevancy of the decision and its procedure. They open the way for a reflection on effective modalities for the establishment of a financial platform compatible to the WAMU zone development requirements. Theoretically, we contribute to financial theory debate on the link between quotation mode and the market liquidity, including the debate on the optimal organizational microstructure of financial markets.
Systems thinking social marketing: conceptual extensions and empirical investigations

Systems thinking dominated the 2015 World Social Marketing conference with the premise that a more holistic approach takes into account all the issues at play for effective change. Augmenting the broadening social marketing literature, we contend that systems thinking social marketing enhances the field's conventional behavioural change with concepts of scale, causation, and iterative co creating change processes for complex health and environmental problems. The results of our empirical Sea for Society study, a sustainable European marine ecosystem examination of what the barriers to change are and how they are interrelated, find systems thinking social marketing offers the potential to strategically and critically reinforce, not replace, behavioural change campaigns. With systems thinking social marketing, a coherent theory of change becomes a possibility. Orchestrating social change may become a reality.
Social marketing's consumer myopia: applying a behavioural ecological model to address wicked problems

Addressing calls for broadening social marketing thinking beyond "individualistic" parameters, this paper aims to describe a behavioural ecological systems (BEM) approach to enhance understanding of social markets.  A conceptual framework the BEM is presented and discussed within a context of alcohol social change.  The BEM emphasises the relational nature of behaviour change, where individuals are embedded in an ecological system that involves the performances of behaviour and social change within historical, social, cultural, physical and environmental settings. Layers of influence on actors are characterised as macro (distant, large in scale) exo (external, remote from individuals) meso (between the individual and environments) and micro (the individual within their social setting) The BEM can be applied to guide social marketers towards creating solutions that focus on collaboration amongst market actors rather than among consumers.  The BEM contributes to a broader holistic view of social ecologies and behaviour change; emphasises the need for social marketers to embrace systems thinking; and recognises that relationships between actors at multiple layers in social change markets are interactive, collaborative and embedded in dynamic social contexts. Importantly, a behavioural ecological systems approach enables social marketers to develop coherent, integrated and multi dimensional social change programmes.  The underlying premise of the BEM brings forward relational logic as the foundation for future social marketing theory and practice. Taking this approach to social market change focuses strategy on the intangible aspects of social offerings, inclusive of the interactions and processes of value creation (and/or destruction) within a social marketing system to facilitate collaboration and interaction across a network of actors so as to overcome barriers and identify solutions to social problems.
The path to impact of operational research on tuberculosis control policies and practices in Indonesia
Venue: Global health action

Operational research is currently one of the pillars of the global strategy to control tuberculosis. Indonesia initiated capacity building for operational research on tuberculosis over the last decade. Although publication of the research in peer reviewed journals is an important indicator for measuring the success of this endeavor, the influence of operational research on policy and practices is considered even more important. However, little is known about the process by which operational research influences tuberculosis control policy and practices.  We aimed to investigate the influence of operational research on tuberculosis control policy and practice in Indonesia between 2004 and 2014.  Using a qualitative study design, we conducted in depth interviews of 50 researchers and 30 policy makers/program managers and performed document reviews. Transcripts of these interviews were evaluated while applying content analysis.  Operational research contributed to tuberculosis control policy and practice improvements, including development of new policies, introduction of new practices, and reinforcement of current program policies and practices. However, most of these developments had limited sustainability. The path from the dissemination of research results and recommendations to policy and practice changes was long and complex. The skills, interests, and political power of researchers and policy makers, as well as health system response, could influence the process.  Operational research contributed to improving tuberculosis control policy and practices. A systematic approach to improve the sustainability of the impact of operational research should be explored.
Solving Facility Location Problem for a Plastic Goods Manufacturing Company in Turkey Using AHP and TOPSIS Methods

Facility location selection is one of the biggest and most enduring problems that managers face both when companies are being initially set up and undergoing an expansion for various reasons. Since there are many criteria to evaluate for a location the decision making process gets more complicated with every new criterion. Location selection, among all decisions, is one of the most delicate because of its costly and long term effecting nature. Once selected, it is harder than any strategic decision to return from. There have been many debates and try outs to figure out the best practice to choose the right decision making process and tool with along. Our research aims to contribute to the literature with a real life example of facility location selection. The problem and solutions stated herein are actually used and will be concluded with a concrete application, and therefore will help both practitioners and researchers to observe a factual example.One of the biggest plastics goods producers in Turkey has to decide a location among several options, and asked us (the researchers) to evaluate and find the best alternative for their new plant. There were four different possible locations to evaluate and limited time to come up with a logical option. Given that, criteria for possible evaluation were extracted from the literature and discussed with certain professionals. After the criteria determination, all criteria were enlisted in order to be ranked and compared using AHP method. Throughout the research paper all the steps are explained and shown. The most convenient option was weighted using TOPSIS and presented to the top managers of the company. Consequently the selection is made and the plant has started to be built.
A hybrid algorithm for stochastic single source capacitated facility location problem with service level requirements

Article history: Received July 21 2015 Received in Revised Format August 16 2015 Accepted October 8 2015 Available online October 8 2015 Facility location models are observed in many diverse areas such as communication networks, transportation, and distribution systems planning. They play significant role in supply chain and operations management and are one of the main well known topics in strategic agenda of contemporary manufacturing and service companies accompanied by long lasting effects. We define a new approach for solving stochastic single source capacitated facility location problem (SSSCFLP) Customers with stochastic demand are assigned to set of capacitated facilities that are selected to serve them. It is demonstrated that problem can be transformed to deterministic Single Source Capacitated Facility Location Problem (SSCFLP) for Poisson demand distribution. A hybrid algorithm which combines Lagrangian heuristic with adjusted mixture of Ant colony and Genetic optimization is proposed to find lower and upper bounds for this problem. Computational results of various instances with distinct properties indicate that proposed solving approach is efficient.
Effect of product recovery and sustainability enhancing indicators on the location selection of manufacturing facility

The inclusion of economical, environmental, and societal issues in all stages of doing business helps to bring about sustainable development. A business begins or expands by establishing new facilities, so selecting a facility location is a strategic and crucial decision. In the context of sustainability, the selection of location for different facilities can be a critical problem, especially for manufacturing firms that endorse the wide footprint of Extended Producer Responsibility policies. This study aims at prioritizing alternative potential locations for manufacturing firms with respect to the three dimensions of sustainability identified above. The three dimensions are assessed by factors obtained through a factor analysis and are grouped by corresponding invariable sub criteria. These sub criteria are chosen from the extant literature review. Then, the preferred order of alternative potential location is obtained by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on each location's overall performance. The performance of each alternative potential location is assessed on the basis of overall weights of alternatives, evaluating factors, and triple bottom line attributes, which were obtained by Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) The multi criteria decision making technique, AHP, calculates the weights of the qualitative and quantitative criteria impacting the location selection problem. Then the approach of the study is validated by applying a case from real life; the results are justified by completing a sensitivity analysis on the relative importance weights of the three primary attributes (economical, environmental, and social) The results of the sensitivity analysis demonstrate an effective decision making technique for the optimal selection of sustainable manufacturing locations.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Power: High Performance MVA Gradient Drivers
Venue: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

In high performance magnetic resonance imaging systems, the gradient driver is required to supply the gradient coil with a large current >600 A) and a high voltage >2000 V) to achieve a strong gradient field and a fast slew rate. In addition, extremely high fidelity for reproducing the current command from the central system is very critical to imaging quality. This paper presents the solutions for the different elements of the driver: 1) high bandwidth (BW) power inverter; 2) ripple cancelation filter; 3) multioutput power supply (PS) and 4) digital control. A high BW power inverter requires a stacked bridges structure to achieve a high output ripple frequency with the existing commercial power semiconductor modules. The high voltage and the high frequency for large power modules can be obtained easier and with lower loss using the new silicon carbide devices. The control needs a digital implementation and a very fast processor. Digital control provides compensation and feedforward to improve the response. A capability improvement is obtained by reducing the switching frequency when large currents with a very low frequency variation are needed. The control can handle it very well, but the filter has to be designed to eliminate more than one ripple frequency. Finally, many PS solutions have been used for multiple isolated outputs, but digital control compensation permits the use of much simpler unregulated PS and keeps the performance. A 2 MVA, 900 A/1200 V, platform has been built and fully tested. The experimental results proved the validity of the proposed structure and the modulation technique.
Formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ state in TiO2 thin film and enhanced optical properties by air plasma treatment
Venue: Scientific reports

This is the first time we report that simply air plasma treatment can also enhances the optical absorbance and absorption region of titanium oxide (TiO2) films, while keeping them transparent. TiO2 thin films having moderate doping of Fe and Co exhibit significant enhancement in the aforementioned optical properties upon air plasma treatment. The moderate doping could facilitate the formation of charge trap centers or avoid the formation of charge recombination centers. Variation in surface species viz. Ti3+ Ti4+ O2 oxygen vacancies, OH group and optical properties was studied using X ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) and UV Vis spectroscopy. The air plasma treatment caused enhanced optical absorbance and optical absorption region as revealed by the formation of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies in the band gap of TiO2 films. The samples were treated in plasma with varying treatment time from 0 to 60 seconds. With the increasing treatment time, Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies increased in the Fe and Co doped TiO2 films leading to increased absorbance; however, the increase in optical absorption region/red shift (from 3.22 to 3.00 eV) was observed in Fe doped TiO2 films, on the contrary Co doped TiO2 films exhibited blue shift (from 3.36 to 3.62 eV) due to Burstein Moss shift.
Neuroanatomical Basis of Consciousness

Neurology utilizes a localization based approach that has firmly established the functional neuroanatomy of consciousness. Clinical disorders can either impair the specific contents of consciousness, such as language or visual processing; or can interfere with the overall level of consciousness. The specialized brain networks controlling the level of consciousness are called the "consciousness system," and include cortical components, consisting mainly of bilateral frontoparietal association cortex, as well as subcortical components comprising multiple parallel arousal systems in the upper brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. Subcortical arousal systems include widespread projections acting through glutamate, gamma amino butyric acid, acetylcholine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, and orexin. The bilateral higher order heteromodal association cortex acts together with the subcortical components of the consciousness system to control the level of alertness, attention, and awareness. Cortical anatomy is also crucial for other aspects of consciousness including hemispheric specialization, emotional drive, feature binding, top down, bottom up, task positive and task negative (default mode) attention systems, voluntary action, self awareness, and memory encoding for the report of conscious experience.
Adaptive Join Operator for Federated Queries over Linked Data Endpoints
Venue: ADBIS

Traditional static query optimization is not adequate for query federation over linked data endpoints due to unpredictable data arrival rates and missing statistics. In this paper, we propose an adaptive join operator for federated query processing which can change the join method during the execution. Our approach always begins with symmetric hash join in order to produce the first result tuple as soon as possible and changes the join method as bind join when it estimates that bind join is more efficient than symmetric hash join for the rest of the process. We compare our approach with symmetric hash join and bind join. Performance evaluation shows that our approach provides optimal response time and has the adaptation ability to the different data arrival rates.