nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited.
Venue: Endocrine reviews

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989 1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two thirds of PCOS cases have functionally typical FOH, characterized by 17 hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation. Two thirds of the remaining PCOS have FOH detectable by testosterone elevation after suppression of adrenal androgen production. About 3% of PCOS have a related isolated functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. The remaining PCOS cases are mild and lack evidence of steroid secretory abnormalities; most of these are obese, which we postulate to account for their atypical PCOS. Approximately half of normal women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) have subclinical FOH related steroidogenic defects. Theca cells from polycystic ovaries of classic PCOS patients in long term culture have an intrinsic steroidogenic dysregulation that can account for the steroidogenic abnormalities typical of FOH. These cells overexpress most steroidogenic enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450c17. Overexpression of a protein identified by genome wide association screening, differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development 1A.V2, in normal theca cells has reproduced this PCOS phenotype in vitro. A metabolic syndrome of obesity related and/or intrinsic insulin resistance occurs in about half of PCOS patients, and the compensatory hyperinsulinism has tissue selective effects, which include aggravation of hyperandrogenism. PCOS seems to arise as a complex trait that results from the interaction of diverse genetic and environmental factors. Heritable factors include PCOM, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretory defects. Environmental factors include prenatal androgen exposure and poor fetal growth, whereas acquired obesity is a major postnatal factor. The variety of pathways involved and lack of a common thread attests to the multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of the syndrome. Further research into the fundamental basis of the disorder will be necessary to optimally correct androgen levels, ovulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
Hyperandrogenism Accompanies Increased Intra Abdominal Fat Storage in Normal Weight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women.
Venue: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Normal weight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women may have altered adipose structure function underlying metabolic dysfunction.  This study examines whether adipose structure functional changes exist in normal weight PCOS women and correlate with hyperandrogenism and/or hyperinsulinemia.  This is a prospective cohort study.  The setting was an academic medical center.  Six normal weight PCOS women and 14 age and body mass index matched normoandrogenic ovulatory (NL) women were included. INTERVENTION(S) All women underwent circulating hormone and metabolic measurements; frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing; total body dual energy x ray absorptiometry; abdominal magnetic resonance imaging; and SC abdominal fat biopsy.  Circulating hormones and metabolites, body fat and its distribution, and adipocyte size were compared between PCOS and NL women, and were correlated with each other in all women.  Circulating LH and androgen levels were significantly greater in PCOS than NL women, as were fasting insulin levels, pancreatic b cell responsiveness to glucose, and total abdominal fat mass. Intra abdominal fat mass also was significantly increased in PCOS women and was positively correlated with circulating androgen, fasting insulin, triglyceride, and non high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in all women. SC abdominal fat mass was not significantly increased in PCOS women, but contained a greater proportion of small SC abdominal adipocytes that positively correlated with serum androgen levels in all women.  Hyperandrogenism in normal weight PCOS women is associated with preferential intra abdominal fat deposition and an increased population of small SC abdominal adipocytes that could constrain SC adipose storage and promote metabolic dysfunction.
Ambidextrous supply chain as a dynamic capability: building a resilient supply chain

Developing ambidexterity as a dynamic capability is important for firms to sustain their competitive advantage. Moreover, this capability allows firms to build the resiliency to mitigate enterprise risks. The purpose of this paper is to apply two main theoretical frames from the strategy literature, dynamic capabilities, and organizational ambidexterity, to supply chain management (SCM) to examine mitigation strategies for supply chain (SC) disruptions. The authors empirically investigated how the firm's SC ambidexterity is developed through a dynamic capability building process and how this, in turn, can mitigate the negative impact of SC disruptions and improve business performance.  This study conducted a field survey to answer the research questions as there exists no archival database with detailed information on ambidextrous SC strategies and dynamic capability. A total of 316 usable responses were received from managers working in the SC area. Confirmatory fac.
A bootstrap test for constant coefficients in geographically weighted regression models
Venue: Int. J. Geogr. Inf. Sci.

Statistical tests for whether some coefficients really vary over space play an important role in using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) to explore spatial non stationarity of the regression relationship. In view of some shortcomings of the existing inferential methods, we propose a residual based bootstrap test to detect the constant coefficients in a GWR model. The proposed test is free of the assumption that the model error term is normally distributed and admits some useful extensions for identifying more complicated spatial patterns of the coefficients. Some simulation with comparison to the existing test methods is conducted to assess the test performance, including the accuracy of the bootstrap approximation to the null distribution of the test statistic, the power in identifying spatially varying coefficients and the robustness to collinearity among the explanatory variables. The simulation results demonstrate that the bootstrap test works quite well. Furthermore, a real world data set is analyzed to illustrate the application of the proposed test.
Effect of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Usual Care on Back Pain and Functional Limitations in Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA

Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) has not been rigorously evaluated for young and middle aged adults with chronic low back pain.  To evaluate the effectiveness for chronic low back pain of MBSR vs cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or usual care.  Randomized, interviewer blind, clinical trial in an integrated health care system in Washington State of 342 adults aged 20 to 70 years with chronic low back pain enrolled between September 2012 and April 2014 and randomly assigned to receive MBSR (n 116) CBT (n 113) or usual care (n 113) INTERVENTIONS CBT (training to change pain related thoughts and behaviors) and MBSR (training in mindfulness meditation and yoga) were delivered in 8 weekly 2 hour groups. Usual care included whatever care participants received.  Coprimary outcomes were the percentages of participants with clinically meaningful =30% improvement from baseline in functional limitations (modified Roland Disability Questionnaire [RDQ] range, 0 23) and in self reported back pain bothersomeness (scale, 0 10) at 26 weeks. Outcomes were also assessed at 4, 8, and 52 weeks.  There were 342 randomized participants, the mean (SD) [range] age was 49.3 (12.3) [20 70] years, 224 (65.7% were women, mean duration of back pain was 7.3 years (range, 3 months 50 years) 123 (53.7% attended 6 or more of the 8 sessions, 294 (86.0% completed the study at 26 weeks, and 290 (84.8% completed the study at 52 weeks. In intent to treat analyses at 26 weeks, the percentage of participants with clinically meaningful improvement on the RDQ was higher for those who received MBSR (60.5% and CBT (57.7% than for usual care (44.1% (overall P .04; relative risk [RR] for MBSR vs usual care, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.06 1.77] RR for MBSR vs CBT, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.77 1.18] and RR for CBT vs usual care, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.01 1.69] The percentage of participants with clinically meaningful improvement in pain bothersomeness at 26 weeks was 43.6% in the MBSR group and 44.9% in the CBT group, vs 26.6% in the usual care group (overall P .01; RR for MBSR vs usual care, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.15 2.34] RR for MBSR vs CBT, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.78 1.36] and RR for CBT vs usual care, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.18 2.41] Findings for MBSR persisted with little change at 52 weeks for both primary outcomes.  Among adults with chronic low back pain, treatment with MBSR or CBT, compared with usual care, resulted in greater improvement in back pain and functional limitations at 26 weeks, with no significant differences in outcomes between MBSR and CBT. These findings suggest that MBSR may be an effective treatment option for patients with chronic low back pain.
Mindfulness Meditation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention Reduces Pain Severity and Sensitivity in Opioid Treated Chronic Low Back Pain: Pilot Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Venue: Pain medicine

To assess benefits of mindfulness meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention for opioid treated chronic low back pain (CLBP) DESIGN 26 week parallel arm pilot randomized controlled trial (Intervention and Usual Care versus Usual Care alone) SETTING Outpatient.  Adults with CLBP, prescribed =30 mg/day of morphine equivalent dose (MED) for at least 3 months.  The intervention comprised eight weekly group sessions (meditation and CLBP specific CBT components) and 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week of at home practice. Outcome measures were collected at baseline, 8, and 26 weeks: primary pain severity (Brief Pain Inventory) and function/disability (Oswestry Disability Index) secondary pain acceptance, opioid dose, pain sensitivity to thermal stimuli, and serum pain sensitive biomarkers (Interferon g; Tumor Necrosis Factor a; Interleukins 1ss and 6; C reactive Protein) RESULTS Thirty five (21 experimental, 14 control) participants were enrolled and completed the study. They were 51.8 9.7 years old, 80% female, with severe CLBP related disability (66.7 11.4) moderate pain severity (5.8 1.4) and taking 148.3 129.2 mg/day of MED. Results of the intention to treat analysis showed that, compared with controls, the meditation CBT group reduced pain severity ratings during the study (P 0.045) with between group difference in score change reaching 1 point at 26 weeks (95% Confidence Interval: 0.2,1.9; Cohen's d 0.86) and decreased pain sensitivity to thermal stimuli (P 0.05) without adverse events. Exploratory analyses suggested a relationship between the extent of meditation practice and the magnitude of intervention benefits.  Meditation CBT intervention reduced pain severity and sensitivity to experimental thermal pain stimuli in patients with opioid treated CLBP.
Web Based Interventions for Chronic Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Venue: Journal of medical Internet research

Chronic low back pain is one of the most common presenting complaints to a physician's office. Treatment is often challenging and recovery depends on various factors, often resulting in significant investments of time and resources.  The aim of this review is to determine which Web based interventions aimed at chronic low back pain are of benefit to patients.  Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying Web based interventions directed at adults with chronic low back pain were included. Retrospective studies, narrative reviews, nonrandomized trials, and observational studies were excluded. Electronic databases and bibliographies were searched.  In total, nine unique RCTs were identified (total participants=1796) The number of patients randomized in each trial ranged from 51 to 580. Four trials studied online cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and five trials studied other Web based interventions with interactive features. Empowerment/control was improved in six studies. Use of CBT was associated with reduced catastrophization among patients. Mixed results were reported with regards to reduction in pain levels and disability, although some studies showed promise in reducing disability in the short term. One study that measured health care utilization reported reduced utilization with the use of moderated email discussion.  Limited data are available regarding effective Web based interventions to improve outcomes for patients with chronic low back pain. Nine RCTs with small sample sizes were identified in this review. Online CBT appears to show some promise in terms of reducing catastrophization and improving patient attitudes. Further research in this area with larger scale studies focusing on appropriate outcomes appears to be a priority.
Mindfulness based stress reduction and cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain: similar effects on mindfulness, catastrophizing, self efficacy, and acceptance in a randomized controlled trial
Venue: Pain

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is believed to improve chronic pain problems by decreasing patient catastrophizing and increasing patient self efficacy for managing pain. Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) is believed to benefit patients with chronic pain by increasing mindfulness and pain acceptance. However, little is known about how these therapeutic mechanism variables relate to each other or whether they are differentially impacted by MBSR vs CBT. In a randomized controlled trial comparing MBSR, CBT, and usual care (UC) for adults aged 20 to 70 years with chronic low back pain (N 342) we examined (1) baseline relationships among measures of catastrophizing, self efficacy, acceptance, and mindfulness and (2) changes on these measures in the 3 treatment groups. At baseline, catastrophizing was associated negatively with self efficacy, acceptance, and 3 aspects of mindfulness (nonreactivity, nonjudging, and acting with awareness; all P values <0.01) Acceptance was associated positively with self efficacy (P 0.01) and mindfulness (P values <0.05) measures. Catastrophizing decreased slightly more posttreatment with MBSR than with CBT or UC (omnibus P 0.002) Both treatments were effective compared with UC in decreasing catastrophizing at 52 weeks (omnibus P 0.001) In both the entire randomized sample and the subsample of participants who attended =6 of the 8 MBSR or CBT sessions, differences between MBSR and CBT at up to 52 weeks were few, small in size, and of questionable clinical meaningfulness. The results indicate overlap across measures of catastrophizing, self efficacy, acceptance, and mindfulness and similar effects of MBSR and CBT on these measures among individuals with chronic low back pain.
Facilitating Competition by Remedial Regulation

In music licensing, powerful music publishers have begun for the first time ever to withdraw their digital copyrights from the collectives that license those rights, in order to negotiate considerably higher rates in private deals. At the beginning of the year, two of these publishers commanded a private royalty rate nearly twice that of the going collective rate. This result could be seen as a coup for the free market: Constrained by consent decrees and conflicting interests, collectives are simply not able to establish and enforce a true market rate in the new, digital age. This could also be seen as a pathological form of private ordering: Powerful licensors using their considerable market power to impose a supracompetitive rate on a hapless licensee. While there is no way to know what the market rate looks like in a highly regulated industry like music publishing, the anticompetitive effects of these withdrawals may have detrimental consequences for artists, licensees and consumers. In industries such as music licensing, network effects, parallel pricing and tacit collusion can work to eliminate meaningful competition from the marketplace. The resulting lack of competition threatens to stifle innovation in both the affected, and related, industries. Normally, where a market operates in a workably competitive manner, the remedy for anticompetitive behavior can be found in antitrust law. In music licensing, however, some concerning behaviors, including both parallel pricing and tacit collusion, do not rise to the level of antitrust violations; as such, they cannot be addressed by antitrust law. This is no small irony. At one point, antitrust served as a check on the licensing collectives by establishing consent decrees to govern behavior. Due to a series of acquisitions that have reduced the music publishing industry to a mere three entities, the collectives that are being circumvented by these withdrawals (and whose conduct is governed by consent decrees) now pose less of a competitive concern than do individual publishing companies acting privately, or in concert through tacit collusion. The case of intellectual property rights, which defer competition for creators and inventors for a limited period of time, is particularly challenging for antitrust. Running contrary to conventional wisdom, this Article posits that regulation not antitrust is the optimal means of enabling entry and innovation in the music licensing market. While regulation is conventionally understood to restrict new entry and to interfere with competition, this Article demonstrates that where a market becomes highly concentrated, regulation can actually encourage competition by ensuring access to key inputs at competitive rates. While not without its drawbacks, including an increase in the cost of private action, remedial regulation in music licensing corrects anticompetitive behavior and ensures ongoing access to content and fair payment to artists, while supporting continued innovation in content distribution.
Understanding the value of networked publics in radio: employing digital methods and social network analysis to understand the Twitter publics of two Italian national radio stations

Radio audiences are today a mix of traditional radio broadcasting audiences and networked publics (boyd, d. [2007] Why youth (heart) social network sites: The role of networked publics in teenage social life. In D. Buckingha (Ed. MacArthur foundation series on digital learning youth, identity, and digital media volume (pp. 119 142) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Ito, M. [2008]  In K. Varnelis (Ed. Networked publics (pp. 1 14) Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Varnelis, K. (Ed. [2008] Networked publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Varnelis, K. (Ed. [2008] Networked publics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; boyd, d. [2011] Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. In Z. Papacharissi (Ed. A networked self identity, community, and culture on social network sites (pp. 39 58)  Routledge) This not only means that new media is changing the nature of listeners/viewers, transforming them into interactive users, but also that radio publics, once organized into networks, may have different properties, different behaviours and different values. In this paper, we have employed Digital Methods (DM) (Rogers, R. [2009] The end of the virtual.  and social network analysis to understand the Twitter activity and the communicative dynamics of the audiences of two Italian national radio stations: Radio3 Rai (public service station) and Radio Deejay (private commercial station) This work also aims to respond to a question asked by Rogers when defining DM: 'Could the information contained in profiles on social networking sites provide different insights into the composition and characteristics of publics? (Rogers, R. [2009] The end of the virtual.  Based on the results that have emerged from this study, we believe that the answer can be affirmative: the analysis of the social connections and the interaction models of the networked listeners highlights new features of these audiences, and allows us to reevaluate and understand them from new points of view. This work shows that the digital audiences related to the two radio stations clearly distinguish themselves for their distinctive online behaviour and a different display of social networks, cultural capital and affect. We therefore hypothesize the presence of three different types of capital within the two different audiences analysed: social, cultural and affective capital.
Analysis of the brachistochronic motion of a variable mass nonholonomic mechanical system

The paper considers the brachistochronic motion of a variable mass nonholonomic mechanical system  in a horizontal plane, between two specified positions. Variable mass particles are interconnected by a lightweight mechanism of the 'pitchfork' type. The law of the time rate of mass variation of the particles, as well as relative velocities of the expelled particles, as a function of time, are known. Differential equations of motion, where the reactions of nonholonomic constraints and control forces figure, are created based on the general theorems of dynamics of a variable mass mechanical system  The formulated brachistochrone problem, with adequately chosen quantities of state, is solved, in this case, as the simplest task of optimal control by applying Pontryagin's maximum principle [1] A corresponding two point boundary value problem (TPBVP) of the system of ordinary nonlinear differential equations is obtained, which, in a general case, has to be numerically solved [2] On the basis of thus obtained brachistochronic motion, the active control forces, along with the reactions of nonholonomic constraints, are determined. The analysis of the brachistochronic motion for different values of the initial position of a variable mass particle B is presented. Also, the interval of values of the initial position of a variable mass particle B, for which there are the TPBVP solutions, is determined.
Opinion mining and sentiment analysis
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

In the recent years, micro blogging platforms like Twitter have become instrumental in gauging public mood. So it makes it a feasible predictive strategy to speculate the rise and fall of stock prices. This paper aims to undertake a stepwise methodology to determine the effects of an average person's tweets over fluctuation of stock prices of a multinational firm called Samsung Electronics Ltd. It involves extracting tweets from twitter, data cleansing and application of a suitable algorithm in order to get the adequate sentiment analysis. The vast impact created by twitter data feed has been greatly studied in this paper. Attempts have been made to design an algorithm which works well analysing the positive, negative and neutral tweets.