nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Aesthetics Consensus: Botulinum Toxin Type A Evidence Based Review, Emerging Concepts, and Consensus Recommendations for Aesthetic Use, Including Updates on Complications
Venue: Plastic and reconstructive surgery

Botulinum toxin type A injection remains the leading nonsurgical cosmetic procedure worldwide, with a high rate of efficacy and patient satisfaction.  A multinational, multidisciplinary group of plastic surgeons and dermatologists convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to develop updated consensus recommendations with a worldwide perspective for botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid fillers. This publication on botulinum toxin type A considers advances in facial analysis, injection techniques, and avoidance and management of complications.  Use of botulinum toxin has evolved from the upper face to also encompass the lower face, neck, and midface. The Global Aesthetics Consensus Group emphasizes an integrative, diagnostic approach. Injection dosage and placement are based on analysis of target muscles in the context of adjacent ones and associated soft and hard tissues. The indication for selection of botulinum toxin as a primary intervention is that excessive muscular contraction is the primary etiology of the facial disharmony to be addressed. Global Aesthetics Consensus Group recommendations demonstrate a paradigm shift toward neuromodulation rather than paralysis, including lower dosing of the upper face, more frequent combination treatment with hyaluronic acid fillers, and intracutaneous injection where indicated to limit depth and degree of action.  The accumulation of clinical evidence and experience with botulinum toxin has led to refinements in treatment planning and implementation. The Global Aesthetics Consensus Group advocates an etiology driven, patient tailored approach, to enable achievement of optimal efficacy and safety in patient populations that are rapidly diversifying with respect to ethnicity, gender, and age.
Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A multi class deep learning framework with modified k sparse autoencoder classification
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)

Successful, timely diagnosis of neuropsychiatry diseases is key to management. Research efforts in the area of diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease have used various aspects of computer aided multi class diagnosis approaches with varied degrees of success. However, there is still need for more efficient and reliable approaches to successful diagnosis of the disease. This research used deep learning framework with modified k sparse autoencoder (oKSA) classification to locate neutrally degenerated areas of the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) low amyloid beta 1 42 imaging in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of amyloid; each with a sample of 150 images. Results show a correlation between computational demarcation of infected regions and the images. Degeneration in the studied areas was evidenced by high phosphorylated t /p tau levels in CSF, regional fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and the presence of atrophy patterns. The use of sKSA algorithm in boosting classification helped to improve the classifier performance. The KSA method with deep learning framework is used for the first time to produce accurate results in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Accurate Aggregation of Local Features by using K sparse Autoencoder for 3D Model Retrieval
Venue: ICMR

Aggregating a set of local features has been used widely to realize recognition or retrieval of multimedia data including 2D images and 3D models. A number of feature aggregation algorithms (e.g. Bag of Features, Locality constrained Linear coding, or Fisher Vector coding) have been proposed. They first learn a codebook, or a set of codewords, by clustering the local features and then encode these local features by using the learned codebook. Despite the great success of these feature aggregation algorithms, we argue that they are not necessarily optimal in terms of accuracy since their codebook learning and feature encoding are computed separately. In this paper, we propose two novel feature aggregation algorithms based on k Sparse Autoencoder (kSA) that realize more accurate local feature aggregation. Our proposed algorithms, called Database adaptive kSA (DkSA) aggregation and Per data adaptive kSA (PkSA) aggregation, jointly optimize codebook learning and feature encoding. In addition, the kSA based feature encoding enhances saliency of local features due to k sparseness constraints and non negativity constraints. Of the two proposed algorithms, the PkSA aggregation exploits reconstruction error of a local feature derived from the kSA for more accurate aggregated feature. Experimental evaluation using a shape based 3D model retrieval scenario showed that the retrieval accuracy of our proposed algorithms are superior to the existing feature aggregation algorithms we have compared against.
Single p n homojunction white light emitting diodes based on high performance yellow luminescence of large scale GaN microcubes

Cubic phase (zinc blende) GaN (referred to as c GaN) based phosphor free white light emitting diodes (LEDs) can exhibit superior characteristics and ultrahigh efficiency compared with conventional hexagonal phase (wurtzite) GaN (referred as h GaN) based examples. However, one notorious issue is low quality of c GaN due to thermodynamical instability of cubic phase, epilayer substrate chemical incompatibility, and large lattice mismatch during epitaxial deposition, giving rise to insufficient light emission efficiency. Therefore, improving the quality of c GaN is a key step towards high performance white LEDs. Here, we report the growth of high quality single crystalline GaN microcubes (MCs) with pure zinc blende phase for large scale production by the chemical vapor deposition method. From the GaN MCs, high performance yellow luminescence (YL) is observed by different temperature photoluminescence spectra and the possible origin of the YL band is investigated. Furthermore, the fabricated phosphor free single homojunction based on individual GaN MCs showed a diode nonlinear rectification behavior and the electroluminescence exhibited white emission when the operating voltage is 12 V. At room temperature, due to the reduction of threading dislocation density and the absence of piezoelectric polarization of the zinc blend phase GaN, the device can exhibit an internal quantum efficiency of ~99.2% and virtually no efficiency droop as the injection current increases. The device also exhibits an output power of ~4.4 mW at a typical operating current of 20 mA, which is approximately 50% stronger than that of conventional h GaN homojunction LEDs.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Response of Sandwich Plate Subjected to Blast Load
Venue: Experimental Techniques

This article presents the experimental and numerical study carried out to capture the response of metallic sandwich plate when subjected to air blast loads. A full scale field test is carried out on a sandwich panel with tetrahedral truss core, subjected to the action of pressure waves originating from the detonation of high explosive charges. The time history of acceleration and blast overpressure at the centre of the plate is recorded. An explicit finite element analysis is performed on the sandwich panel with identical geometry. Blast loading is applied usingCONWEPcode. Very good agreement has been observed between the numerical and experimental results. A systematic parametric study is conducted by varying the geometrical and loading parameters of the panel. Performance of panel under blast load is judged on the basis of sandwich panel efficiency. It is observed that geometrical parameters have significant effects on the panel response for varying load. For a fixed core cross section and face sheet thickness, highest panel efficiency is obtained corresponding to a core height of 140 mm.
The Influence of Social Networks and Social Support on Health Among Older Koreans at High Risk of Depression
Venue: Care Management Journals

Despite compelling evidence showing that social networks and social support are associated with depression, relatively little research is available on this topic for older Koreans at high risk of depression. This article aimed to examine the relationship among different types of social networks (family vs. friends) social support (instrumental vs. emotional) and perceived general health among older Koreans at high risk of depression. We would then test for possible differences in pathways between two age groups (60 74 years vs. 75 years and older)  Using data from the 2008 Survey of Elderly Life and Welfare Need, age 60 74 years (n 2,815) and age 75 years and older (n 1,784) were analyzed separately. Path analyses were used to examine the relationships among social network, support, and health among Korean older adults at high risk of depression.  Findings highlighted the complex associations among social networks, social support, and perceived general health within old age. Moreover, this study called attention to the negative association between instrumental support from family networks and perceived general health among older Koreans aged 60 74 years at high risk of depression.  The work discussed in this article would help inform the design of much needed and effective social intervention programs for the growing number of Korean older adults with depression.
On multivariate discounted compound renewal sums with time dependent claims in the presence of reporting/payment delays

In this paper, we consider an insurance portfolio containing several types of policies which may simultaneously face claims arising from the same catastrophe. A renewal counting process for the number of events causing claims and multivariate claim severities which are dependent on the occurrence time and/or the delay in reporting or payment are assumed. A unified model is proposed to study the time dependent loss quantities such as the discounted aggregate reported/unreported claims and the number of the incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims. We then derive the joint moments of (i) different types of discounted aggregate claims until time t; and (ii) different types of discounted aggregate reported/unreported claims (including the total numbers of IBNR as special case) until time t. Finally, some numerical examples involving covariances and correlations of the aforementioned quantities are provided.
Vulnerability factors for depression: Cognitive reactivity, rumination and habitual tendencies

4 Acknowledgements 5 Table of contents 6  Cognitive reactivity 9 Rumination 11 Rumination as a mental habit 12 Aims of the present study 14  Screening procedure 16 Background information 16 Psychiatric symptoms 16 Depression history and psychiatric status 16 Depressive rumination 16 Habitual characteristics of rumination 17 General habitual response tendencies 17 Cognitive reactivity 19 Sad mood induction 19 Mood manipulation check 19 Procedure 20 Statistical analysis 21 Results 22 Demographic variables 22 Psychiatric symptoms 22 Cognitive vulnerability factors 23 General habitual response tendencies 25 The association between rumination and habitual tendencies 26
Highly enhanced bactericidal effects of medium chain fatty acids (caprylic, capric, and lauric acid) combined with edible plant essential oils (carvacrol, eugenol, b resorcylic acid, trans cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and vanillin) against Escherichia coli O157:H7

Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and essential oils (EOs) are known to be natural antimicrobials, but their combined effects have not been fully investigated. The objective of the present study was to examine the bactericidal effects of various combined treatments of MCFAs [caprylic (CA) capric (CPA) and lauric acid (LRA) and EOs [carvacrol (CAR) eugenol (EUG) b resorcylic acid (RA) trans cinnamaldehyde (TC) thymol (TM) and vanillin (VNL) Escherichia coli O157:H7, was treated with 1) control (2% ethanol) 2) MCFA alone, 3) EO alone, and 4) different combinations of MCFAs and EOs at 37 degC for 5 and 10 min. Synergistic bactericidal effects were observed with combined treatments; the log reduction in viable bacteria in response to the combined treatments was much greater than the sum of the effects of the two compounds applied individually. For example, individual treatment with 0.2 mM CPA (0.004% and 0.4 mM RA (0.006% for 5 min resulted in a negligible reduction in bacterial load (0.25 and 0.21 log reduction, respectively) whereas combined treatment at the same concentrations and for the same time reduced the bacterial population in the test sample to an undetectable level (initial population: 7.51 log CFU/ml; detection limit: 1 CFU/ml) The ranking of EOs showing the highest bacterial killing activities when combined with MCFAs was generally RA, CAR, TM EUG TC VNL. All the antimicrobials used in this study are natural compounds that have been widely used in industry, so they are both consumer and user friendly. Combined treatment can overcome the disadvantages of MCFAs and EOs such as unpleasant odor and high cost because the required concentrations can be reduced. Our results indicate that the combined treatments used here could be successfully used to eliminate foodborne pathogens, significantly improving the microbiological safety of foods.
Synthesis and characterization of lauric acid/expanded vermiculite as form stabilized thermal energy storage materials

acid(LA)/expanded vermiculite (EVM) form stable phase change materials were synthesized via vacuum impregnation method. In the composites, lauric acid was utilized as a thermal energy storage material and the expanded vermiculite behaved as the supporting material. XRD and FT IR results demonstrate that lauric acid and expanded vermiculite in the composite do not undergo a chemical reaction and only undergo a physical combination. Microstructural analysis indicates that lauric acid is sufficiently absorbed in the expanded vermiculite porous network, while displaying negligible leakage even under the molten state. According to DSC results, the 70 wt. LA/EVM sample melts at 41.88 degC with a latent heat of 126.8 J/g and solidifies at 39.89 degC with a latent heat of 125.6 J/g. Thermal cycling measurements show that the form stable composite PCM has adequate stability even after being subjected to 200 melting/freezing cycles. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM increased by approximately 78% with the addition of 10 wt. expanded graphite (EG) Thus, the form stable composite PCM is a suitable option for thermal energy storage for building and solar heating system applications.
Research on the preparation and properties of lauric acid/expanded perlite phase change materials

In this study, a form stable lauric acid/expanded perlite (LA/EP) composite was prepared by absorbing paraffin into porous networks of expanded perlite. The form stable composite was characterized by using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques, durability and leakage test. Leakage test results showed that optimum and maximum mass fraction of LA contained in the composite without leakage is 70 wt. The FT IR results revealed that there were physical interactions between the expanded perlite and the lauric acid. In addition, SEM images showed that LA can be quite evenly dispersed in the porous skeleton of EP. The melting temperature and latent heat of the form stable EP/PA composite containing 70 wt. lauric acid were determined as 43.2 degC and 105.58 J/g, presenting its suitable phase transition temperature, sufficient latent heat, good thermal stability for application as composite phase change materials (PCMs) The durability test showed that the leakage problems of PCMs composite can be greatly prevented because of the interaction between the expanded perlite and the LA. All the results suggested that the form stable EP/PA composite has great potential in building applications for thermal energy storage.
Lauric acid rich medium chain triglycerides can substitute for other oils in cooking applications and may have limited pathogenicity
Venue: Open Heart

Recently, medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) containing a large fraction of lauric acid (LA) (C12) about 30% have been introduced commercially for use in salad oils and in cooking applications. As compared to the long chain fatty acids found in other cooking oils, the medium chain fats in MCTs are far less likely to be stored in adipose tissue, do not give rise to 'ectopic fat' metabolites that promote insulin resistance and inflammation, and may be less likely to activate macrophages. When ingested, medium chain fatty acids are rapidly oxidised in hepatic mitochondria; the resulting glut of acetyl coenzyme A drives ketone body production and also provokes a thermogenic response. Hence, studies in animals and humans indicate that MCT ingestion is less obesogenic than comparable intakes of longer chain oils. Although LA tends to raise serum cholesterol, it has a more substantial impact on high density lipoprotein (HDL) than low density lipoprotein (LDL) in this regard, such that the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol decreases. LA constitutes about 50% of the fatty acid content of coconut oil; south Asian and Oceanic societies which use coconut oil as their primary source of dietary fat tend to be at low cardiovascular risk. Since ketone bodies can exert neuroprotective effects, the moderate ketosis induced by regular MCT ingestion may have neuroprotective potential. As compared to traditional MCTs featuring C6 C10, laurate rich MCTs are more feasible for use in moderate temperature frying and tend to produce a lower but more sustained pattern of blood ketone elevation owing to the more gradual hepatic oxidation of ingested laurate.
Generative Visual Manipulation on the Natural Image Manifold
Venue: ECCV

Realistic image manipulation is challenging because it requires modifying the image appearance in a user controlled way, while preserving the realism of the result. Unless the user has considerable artistic skill, it is easy to "fall off" the manifold of natural images while editing. In this paper, we propose to learn the natural image manifold directly from data using a generative adversarial neural network. We then define a class of image editing operations, and constrain their output to lie on that learned manifold at all times. The model automatically adjusts the output keeping all edits as realistic as possible. All our manipulations are expressed in terms of constrained optimization and are applied in near real time. We evaluate our algorithm on the task of realistic photo manipulation of shape and color. The presented method can further be used for changing one image to look like the other, as well as generating novel imagery from scratch based on user's scribbles.
Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers.
Venue: Journal of visualized experiments JoVE

Hybrid interfaces between organic semiconductors and living tissues represent a new tool for in vitro and in vivo applications. In particular, conjugated polymers display several optimal properties as substrates for biological systems, such as good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, cheap and easy processing technology, and possibility of deposition on light, thin and flexible substrates. These materials have been employed for cellular interfaces like neural probes, transistors for excitation and recording of neural activity, biosensors and actuators for drug release. Recent experiments have also demonstrated the possibility to use conjugated polymers for all optical modulation of the electrical activity of cells. Several in vitro study cases have been reported, including primary neuronal networks, astrocytes and secondary line cells. Moreover, signal photo transduction mediated by organic polymers has been shown to restore light sensitivity in degenerated retinas, suggesting that these devices may be used for artificial retinal prosthesis in the future. All in all, light sensitive conjugated polymers represent a new approach for optical modulation of cellular activity. In this work, all the steps required to fabricate a bio polymer interface for optical excitation of living cells are described. The function of the active interface is to transduce the light stimulus into a modulation of the cell membrane potential. As a study case, useful for in vitro studies, a polythiophene thin film is used as the functional, light absorbing layer, and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cells are employed as the biological component of the interface. Practical examples of successful control of the cell membrane potential upon stimulation with light pulses of different duration are provided. In particular, it is shown that both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing effects on the cell membrane can be achieved depending on the duration of the light stimulus. The reported protocol is of general validity and can be straightforwardly extended to other biological preparations.
Thermal profiling reveals phenylalanine hydroxylase as an off target of panobinostat.
Venue: Nature chemical biology

We describe a two dimensional thermal proteome profiling strategy that can be combined with an orthogonal chemoproteomics approach to enable comprehensive target profiling of the marketed histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat. The N hydroxycinnamide moiety is identified as critical for potent and tetrahydrobiopterin competitive inhibition of phenylalanine hydroxylase leading to increases in phenylalanine and decreases in tyrosine levels. These findings provide a rationale for adverse clinical observations and suggest repurposing of the drug for treatment of tyrosinemia.
Teacher readiness for online learning: Scale development and teacher perceptions
Venue: Comput. Educ.

The purpose of this research is to examine elementary and middle school teachers' readiness as online learners on the basis of the Teacher Readiness for Online Learning Measure (TROLM) This paper draws on three years (spring 2012 spring 2014) of data from an online course on Internet literacy and ethics for practicing teachers. Two sets of samples (128 and 248 teachers) facilitated this study's exploration and confirmation of the TROLM model's constructs. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factory analysis support an 18 item scale comprising four factors: communication self efficacy, institutional support, self directed learning, and learning transfer self efficacy. This study found that male teachers exhibited statistically significantly greater readiness in the dimension of learning transfer self efficacy than did female teachers. Teachers with a master's degree assigned a heavier weight to the dimensions of communication self efficacy and learning transfer self efficacy than did teachers with a bachelor's degree. This study made two additional findings: the fewer teaching years a teacher had, the higher the teacher's communication self efficacy tended to be; and the more teaching years a teacher had, the higher the teacher's self directed learning tended to be. Suggestions for further research are provided. This study explores four main factors.This study examines elementary and middle school teachers' readiness as online learners.Male teachers exhibited greater readiness in learning transfer self efficacy.The fewer teaching years a teacher had, the higher the teacher's communication self efficacy tended to be.