nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural Summarization by Extracting Sentences and Words
Venue: ACL

Traditional approaches to extractive summarization rely heavily on humanengineered features. In this work we propose a data driven approach based on neural networks and continuous sentence features. We develop a general framework for single document summarization composed of a hierarchical document encoder and an attention based extractor. This architecture allows us to develop different classes of summarization models which can extract sentences or words. We train our models on large scale corpora containing hundreds of thousands of document summary pairs 1 Experimental results on two summarization datasets demonstrate that our models obtain results comparable to the state of the art without any access to linguistic annotation.
HIF3D: Handwriting Inspired Features for 3D skeleton based action recognition
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

Action recognition based on human skeleton structure represents nowadays a prosper research field. This is mainly due to the recent advances in terms of capture technologies and skeleton extraction algorithms. In this context, we observed that 3D skeleton based actions share several properties with handwritten symbols since they both result from a human performance. We accordingly hypothesize that the action recognition problem can take advantage of trial and error already carried out on handwritten patterns. Therefore, inspired by one of the most efficient and compact handwriting feature set, we propose in this paper a skeleton descriptor referred to as Handwriting Inspired Features (HIF3D) First of all a data preprocessing is applied to joint trajectories in order to handle the variabilities among actor's morphologies. Then we extract the HIF3D features from the processed joint locations according to a time partitioning scheme so as to additionally encode the temporal information over the sequence. Finally, we selected the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to achieve the classification step. Evaluations conducted on two challenging datasets, namely HDM05 and UTKinect, testify the soundness of our approach as the obtained results outperform the state of the art algorithms that rely on skeleton data.
MERRIAM WEBSTER: DICTIONARY AND THESAURUS (2016) UMA RESENHA

O Merriam Webster: Dictionary and Thesaurus (2016) (doravante MWDT (2016) e um dicionario destinado a estudantes de ingles. Para a presente avaliacao, foi escolhida a versao online do MWDT (2016) disponivel no endereco eletronico: http:/www.merriamwebster.com/ O MWDT (2016) esta dividido em seis ordenacoes macroestruturais: Dictionary [Dicionario] Thesaurus [Tesouro] Medical [Medico] Spanish Central [Espanhol Central] Scrabble e Learner's Dictionary [Dicionarios Para Aprendizes] A macroestrutura Dictionary apresenta um dicionario semasiologico, ou seja, que se ordena das palavras para os significados. Ja a proxima macroestrutura exibe um Thesaurus, dicionario que e caracteristico pela exaustividade de informacoes. Em seguida, a macroestrutura Medical apresenta um dicionario que, como o proprio titulo sugere, se propoe a incluir termos que, de alguma forma, estariam relacionados com a area medica. Spanish Central, por sua vez, e um dicionario bilingue ingles espanhol e espanhol ingles. A quinta macroestrutura se destina a auxiliar o usuario em um jogo que envolve palavras, Scrabble, tipico da cultura norte americana. Por fim, a ultima macroestrutura, Learner's Dictionary, e voltada para aprendizes de ingles. Considerando o usuario como sendo um brasileiro estudante de ingles como lingua estrangeira, nessa resenha serao avaliadas somente as macroestruturas Dictionary, Thesaurus e Learner's Dictionary por serem estas as que efetivamente tem utilidade para o usuario a ser considerado. A primeira macroestrutura, Dictionary, possui uma subdivisao na microestrutura que apresenta duas definicoes, uma primeira nao intitulada, mas que aqui chamar se a de "Definicao Principal" e uma segunda nomeada Defined for Kids [Definido Para Criancas] A Definicao Principal inclui um grande numero de informacoes detalhadas, ao passo que Defined for Kids possui uma quantidade e qualidade de informacoes simplificadas em relacao as
Compact Real time Localization without Reliance on Infrastructure

At Real Earth, we develop state of the art technologies in real time localization and mapping. Our key motivation is to enable robots to navigate reliably and to separately build accurate three dimensional representations of the environment. Our methods are suitable for localization applications since we use compact devices that can be easily hand carried and do not rely on GPS. The Microsoft indoor localization competition provides us an opportunity to demonstrate two of our devices that use cameras, IMUs and laser scanners to produce high frequency ego motion estimation along with registered point clouds. We have successfully demonstrated our methods in both indoor and outdoor environments using data collected by us, as well as by others. In the latter case, our method is ranked #1 on the KITTI odometry benchmark. We see an average position error of approximately 0.2% of distance traveled, and we expect a better result in indoor settings. Keywords mobile mapping; real time; miniature; lidar
Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networks
Venue: 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the depth map of a scene given a single RGB image. We propose a fully convolutional architecture, encompassing residual learning, to model the ambiguous mapping between monocular images and depth maps. In order to improve the output resolution, we present a novel way to efficiently learn feature map up sampling within the network. For optimization, we introduce the reverse Huber loss that is particularly suited for the task at hand and driven by the value distributions commonly present in depth maps. Our model is composed of a single architecture that is trained end to end and does not rely on post processing techniques, such as CRFs or other additional refinement steps. As a result, it runs in real time on images or videos. In the evaluation, we show that the proposed model contains fewer parameters and requires fewer training data than the current state of the art, while outperforming all approaches on depth estimation. Code and models are publicly available.
CEO Overconfidence and Stock Price Crash Risk

This study examines the association between chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence and future stock price crash risk. Overconfident managers overestimate the returns to their investment projects and misperceive negative net present value (NPV) projects as value creating. They also tend to ignore or explain away privately observed negative feedback. As a result, negative NPV projects are kept for too long and their bad performance accumulates, which can lead to stock price crashes. Using a large sample of firms for the period 1993 2010, we find that firms with overconfident CEOs have higher stock price crash risk than firms with nonoverconfident CEOs. The impact of managerial overconfidence on crash risk is more pronounced when the CEO is more dominant in the top management team and when there are greater differences of opinion among investors. Finally, it appears that the effect of CEO overconfidence on crash risk is less pronounced for firms with more conservative accounting policies.
Corporate Governance and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from UK Panel Data

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and risk of stock price crash in UK firms. We use CEO Pay Slice (CPS) the fraction of maximum top five executives' total compensation that goes to the CEO, and board 'busyness' the proportion of board level directors who have three or more directorships to evaluate the effect of these two important aspects of corporate governance on stock price crash risk. The CPS reflects relative importance of the CEO as well as the extent to which the CEO is able to extract rents and expropriate shareholders wealth (expropriation effect) Board busyness may create a serious agency problem because directors are "too busy to mind the business" allowing for executives' short termism and bad news hoarding (busyness effect) Using a large sample of UK listed companies over the 1997 to 2010 period, we document evidence supporting a positive relationship between CPS, board busyness and stock price crash risk. In line with the expropriation and busyness effects, we find that companies with high CPS and high levels of board busyness are exposed to higher level of stock price crash risk. The fact that CPS positively impacts on stock price crash risk has a strong implication for the ongoing debate on how to reform executive remuneration so that it provides the right incentives to directors. There is also a direct implication for the public debate on limitation of the number of directorships held by executives from our findings, as we argue that board effectiveness depends on the overall level of board business.
Infrastructure as Code: Managing Servers in the Cloud

Virtualization, cloud, containers, server automation, and software defined networking are meant to simplify IT operations. But many organizations adopting these technologies have found that it only leads to a faster growing sprawl of unmanageable systems. This is where infrastructure as code can help. With this practical guide, author Kief Morris of Thought Works shows you how to effectively use principles, practices, and patterns pioneered through the DevOps movement to manage cloud age infrastructure. Ideal for system administrators, infrastructure engineers, team leads, and architects, this book demonstrates various tools, techniques, and patterns you can use to implement infrastructure as code. In three parts, youll learn about the platforms and tooling involved in creating and configuring infrastructure elements, patterns for using these tools, and practices for making infrastructure as code work in your environment. Examine the pitfalls that organizations fall into when adopting the new generation of infrastructure technologies Understand the capabilities and service models of dynamic infrastructure platforms Learn about tools that provide, provision, and configure core infrastructure resources Explore services and tools for managing a dynamic infrastructureLearn specific patterns and practices for provisioning servers, building server templates, and updating running servers
Black Box Accumulation: Collecting Incentives in a Privacy Preserving Way
Venue: Proc. Priv. Enhancing Technol.

We formalize and construct black box accumulation (BBA) a useful building block for numerous important user centric protocols including loyalty systems, refund systems, and incentive systems (as, e.g. employed in participatory sensing and vehicle to grid scenarios) A core requirement all these systems share is a mechanism to let users collect and sum up values (call it incentives, bonus points, reputation points, etc. issued by some other parties in a privacy preserving way such that curious operators may not be able to link the different transactions of a user. At the same time, a group of malicious users may not be able to cheat the system by pretending to have collected a higher amount than what was actually issued to them. As a first contribution, we fully formalize the core functionality and properties of this important building block. Furthermore, we present a generic and non interactive construction of a BBA system based on homomorphic commitments, digital signatures, and non interactive zero knowledge proofs of knowledge. For our construction, we formally prove security and privacy properties. Finally, we propose a concrete instantiation of our construction using Groth Sahai commitments and proofs as well as the optimal structure preserving signature scheme of Abe et al. and analyze its efficiency.
Image Statistics and the Fine Lines of Material Perception
Venue: i Perception

We experience vivid percepts of objects and materials despite complexities in the way images are structured by the interaction of light with surface properties (3D shape, albedo, and gloss or specularity) Although the perception of gloss (and lightness) has been argued to depend on image statistics (e.g. sub band skew) studies have shown that perceived gloss depends critically on the structure of luminance variations in images. Here, we found that separately adapting observers to either positive or negative skew generated declines in perceived gloss, contrary to the predictions of theories involving image statistics. We also found similar declines in perceived gloss following adaptation to contours geometrically correlated with sharp specular edges. We further found this aftereffect was stronger when contour adaptors were aligned with specular edges compared with adaptation to the same contours rotated by 90deg. These findings support the view that the perception of gloss depends critically on the visual system's ability to encode specular edge structure and not image skew.
No reference document image quality assessment based on high order image statistics
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

Document image quality assessment (DIQA) aims to predict the visual quality of degraded document images. Although the definition of "visual quality" can change based on the specific applications, in this paper, we use OCR accuracy as a metric for quality and develop a novel no reference DIQA method based on high order image statistics for OCR accuracy prediction. The proposed method consists of three steps. First, normalized local image patches are extracted with regular grid and a comprehensive document image codebook is constructed by K means clustering. Second, local features are softly assigned to several nearest codewords, and the direct differences between high order statistics of local features and codewords are calculated as global quality aware features. Finally, support vector regression (SVR) is utilized to learn the mapping between extracted image features and OCR accuracies. Experimental results on two document image databases show that the proposed method can accurately predict OCR accuracy and outperforms previous algorithms.
Pediatric Tonsillectomy and Ketorolac.
Venue: Journal of perianesthesia nursing official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses

The use of ketorolac in children undergoing tonsillectomy remains limited because of the concern about postoperative bleeding.  A search was performed addressing the question: For patients undergoing a surgical tonsillectomy, does a weight appropriate single dose of intravenous ketorolac affect the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage?  Five systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. A Cochrane Review included 15 studies with 1,101 pediatric subjects and focused on perioperative bleeding requiring intervention. Many of the systematic reviews appraised the same studies. Subgroup analysis often allowed assessment of the effects of ketorolac administration. FINDING There was no consensus on the increased risk of bleeding when nonsteriodal anti inflammatory drugs such as ketorolac are given to pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. The conclusions varied from ketorolac should not be used to it is safe to use with these patients.  The perianesthesia team must carefully weigh the risks and benefits before deciding to use ketorolac with this subset of patients.
Factors Affecting Customer Retention in the Airline Industry

This study empirically investigated the factors that affect customer retention in the airline industry in North Cyprus. These factors were service quality attributes, perceived safety, customer satisfaction, loyalty reward program, relationship commitment and customer loyalty. The study also investigated four different groups for purposes of travel (business, education, vacation and family visit) in the empirical model.  A descriptive approach was chosen to conduct this research. A quanhip between customer retention and the related study factors; however, not all of these relations are significant. The results also showed that the different purposes of travel had different influences on the variables regarding the positive and significant relations between them. Some independent variables had a negative effect on the dependent variables.  This research was limited to one group and place: the students of Eastern Mediterranean University in North Cyprus.  This study connected the retention, loyalty, satisfaction and service quality factors as attributes. In addition, this research was the first to include other independent factors affecting satisfaction and loyalty in a comparison between four different groups regarding the purpose of travel in the airline industry.
Autistic Voice and Literary Architecture in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Rodas addresses rhetorical and narrative interstices of Frankenstein, exploring the ways in which the visible sutures of the novel defamiliarise intuitive language and social contact, bringing the reader into a complicit relationship with autism. Rodas observes that the creature's hovel is simultaneously a container for the disposal of rejected creation and a sanctuary that shields the emergent self and allows it the privacy to develop: the space, and the being which inhabits it, constitute a representation of Romantic autism, an extreme of solitary self ness, the ultimate expression of solitude. While the infamous 'monster' evokes the idea of the feral child that has often been associated with autism, however, Rodas proposes that Shelley's novel provokes a more intimate relationship with autism than audiences might initially realise: the narrative strategies of the text bind the reader into a seemingly paradoxical experience of muteness and verbal precocity, and a correlative hyper consciousness of boundaries both rhetorical and social.
Lego and the System of Intellectual Property, 1955 2015

This article traces the ways in which Lego has deployed a range of intellectual property regimes since it first developed the Lego system of interlocking bricks in the mid 1950s, in an effort to exert commercial control over its bricks and System of Play. With the bricks initially protected by patent, Lego has, at various times, used copyright, design, trade mark and trade secret laws in an attempt to prevent other firms from marketing competing interlocking bricks. As the patents have expired, Lego has moved from unitary forms of control over the brick, augmenting intellectual property law with more distributed mechanisms of control and governance. The article describes how the law has influenced the broader evolution of the company, where a focus on engineering has broadened into branding, and then digital media.
Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure
Venue: European journal of psychotraumatology

Although preliminary work suggests that dissociative symptoms may impact neuropsychological performance in trauma exposed populations, the relation between dissociation and cognitive performance has not been explored in patients with depression.  The present study examined dissociative symptoms in relation to neuropsychological performance in participants with a primary diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) and a history of trauma exposure.  Twenty three participants with MDD and 20 healthy controls who did not differ in age, sex, education, or IQ were assessed. In addition to a standardized neuropsychological battery assessing frontotemporally mediated cognitive processes, participants completed clinical measures assessing dissociative symptoms, illness severity, and past history of trauma exposure.  Among participants with MDD, greater severity of derealization was associated with reduced performance on measures of delayed visuospatial recall and recognition on a task of verbal memory recognition. In addition, more severe depersonalization was associated with slower processing speed and a response style lending itself toward better performance in a less active environment.  These findings point toward dissociative symptoms as a transdiagnostic factor associated with neuropsychological dysfunction in patients with depression and a history of trauma. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
A meta analytic review of overgeneral memory: The role of trauma history, mood, and the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Venue: Psychological trauma theory, research, practice and policy

A number of studies suggest that a history of trauma, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with autobiographical memory deficits, notably overgeneral memory (OGM) However, whether there are any group differences in the nature and magnitude of OGM has not been evaluated. Thus, a meta analysis was conducted to quantify group differences in OGM. The effect sizes were pooled from studies examining the effect on OGM from a history of trauma (e.g. childhood sexual abuse) and the presence of PTSD or current depression (e.g. major depressive disorder) Using multiple search engines, 13 trauma studies and 12 depression studies were included in this review. A depression effect was observed on OGM with a large effect size, and was more evident by the lack of specific memories, especially to positive cues. An effect of trauma history on OGM was observed with a medium effect size, and this was most evident by the presence of overgeneral responses to negative cues. The results also suggested an amplified memory deficit in the presence of PTSD. That is, the effect sizes of OGM among individuals with PTSD were very large and relatively equal across different types of OGM. Future studies that directly compare the differences of OGM among 4 samples (i.e. controls, current depression without trauma history, trauma history without depression, and trauma history and depression) would be warranted to verify the current findings.
Homo Citans and Carbon Allotropes: For an Ethics of Citation
Venue: Angewandte Chemie

Cite we must, cite we do. We cite because we are links in a chain, using properties and methods validated by others. We also cite to negotiate the anxiety of influence. And to be fair. After outlining the reasons for citation, we use two case studies of citation amnesia in the field of hypothetical carbon allotropes to present a computer age search tool (SACADA) in that subsubfield. Finally, we advise on good search practice, including what to do if you miss a citation.