nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cognitive, Behavioral and Emotional Empathy in Pharmacy Students: Targeting Programs for Curriculum Modification
Venue: Front. Pharmacol.

Empathy is an essential trait for pharmacists and is recognized as a core competency that can be developed in the classroom. There is a growing body of data regarding levels of empathy in pharmacy students; however, these studies have not measured differences in behavioral, cognitive, and emotional empathy. The goal of this study was to parse the underlying components of empathy and correlate them to psychosocial attributes, with the overall goal of identifying curriculum modifications to enhance levels of empathy in pharmacy students.  IRB approval was obtained to measure empathy levels in pharmacy students attending Midwestern University. An online, anonymous survey administered through a secure website (REDCap) was used. This survey utilized the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (Medical Student version) and included questions regarding demographics and personality traits. Empathy questions were sub divided into behavioral, cognitive, and emotional categories. Data are presented as mean SEM with significance set at P 0.05.  Three hundred and four pharmacy students at Midwestern University participated in a fall survey with an overall response rate of 37% The average empathy score was 110.4 0.8 on a scale of 20 140; which is comparable to empathy scores found by Fjortoft et al. (2011) and Van Winkle et al. (2012b) Validating prior research, females scored significantly higher than males in empathy as well as behavioral, cognitive, and emotional subcomponents. For the entire population, emotional empathy was significantly higher than cognitive and behavioral empathy (P 0.05) Furthermore, negative correlations to empathy were observed for self serving behavior (R D 0.490, P 0.001) medical authoritarianism (R D 0.428, P 0.001) and experience of coercion (R D 0.344, P 0.001)  Overall, empathy levels in pharmacy students are similar to prior studies with females scoring higher than males. Emotional empathy may play a greater role than cognitive and behavioral empathy in this group of students. Targeted programs that promote volunteerism and activities that foster responsiveness to patient needs may attenuate self serving behavior and medical authoritarianism and, therefore, improve empathy levels in pharmacy students.
Investigating the reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale

The aim of the present study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale (MDEES) Using a sample of British young people, we investigated the reliability of the scale, as well as the convergent and divergent validity with standardized measures of IQ and working memory. There was good internal consistency between the items in each subscale. With respect to validity, only the Emotional Suffering and Positive Sharing subscales were significantly related to verbal IQ; no other MDEES subscales were significantly associated with nonverbal IQ or working memory. The findings also suggest that the MDEES is a reliable and valid measure of emotional empathy and captures skills distinct from IQ and working memory.
The Caring Uncaring Emotional (CUE) Inventory: A Pilot Study of a New Measure of Affective Psychopathy Traits

An affective dimension of psychopathy, e.g. callousness, lack of empathy, unemotional responsiveness, is essential to the study and understanding of psychopathy. It may be advantageous to have available brief measures of the affective dimension that may be utilized with adults and/or youths. The current study aims to provide preliminary validation of a new, brief, self report measure of the affective dimension of psychopathy that may be suitable in the study of both adults and adolescents. A pilot study of the Caring Uncaring Emotional (CUE) Inventory was conducted with 155 men and women recruited from a community sample. The 23 item CUE Inventory was found to have high internal consistency reliability (a .91) and was found to have high correlations with an expanded, 36 item version of the Levenson Self Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP; Levenson, Kiehl, Fitzpatrick, 1995) especially with the expanded LSRP Callous subscale (r .85) thus supporting preliminary concurrent validity. The CUE was only modestly associated with the Antisocial subscale of the expanded LSRP, further supporting it as a measure of affective rather than behavioral traits. The CUE accounted for an additional 57% of the variance in LSRP total scores after controlling for demographic variables. An Exploratory Factor Analysis suggested a three factor solution, with the first factor accounting for approximately 37% of the variance in scores and with high to very high loadings on this factor, which appears, tentatively, as a good measure of callousness. In conclusion, the CUE may function as an operational representative of callousness in adults in a community sample. Further study is needed to better clarify the latent structure of this scale and to determine its associations with other similar measures of the affective dimension of psychopathy and with other external correlates. The potential application of this measure in youths remains to be studied.
Effects of music therapy on mood, language, behavior, and social skills in children with autism: A meta analysis

To investigate the effects of music therapy on mood, language, behavior, and social skills in children with autism.  A literature search was conducted using the following Chinese databases: the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Wanfang Data, the Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) Database, and the VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database. The search terms were "autistic children" or "children with autism" and "music therapy" or "music treatment." Studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, and each publication included was assessed for quality. A meta analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.1.  Publications were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six research articles describing RCTs were included; the total sample size was 300 patients. The results of meta analysis showed that music therapy improved mood [Risk ratio RR 3.02, 95% confidence interval CI 1.93 4.11, Z 5.45, P RR 7.36, 95% CI 4.28 10.44, Z 4.69, P 0.000 01) in children with autism. Additionally, music therapy improved language RR 4.05, 95% CI 3.38 4.73, Z 11.71, P 0.000 01) sensory perception RR 4.62, 95% CI 1.55 7.69, Z 2.95, P 0.003) and social skills RR 4.66, 95% CI 1.90 7.42, Z 3.31, P 0.000 9) in children with autism.  Music therapy can improve mood, language, sensory perception, behavior, and social skills in children with autism.
Questionnaire Based Pet Owner Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Tolerance of a New High Protein Low Carbohydrate Diet Range in Adult Dogs

The present survey, based on a multiplechoice questionnaire, was undertaken to assess the gastrointestinal tolerance of four commercial diets from the Veterinary HPMTM diet range. The four diets were tested in 284 adult dogs over a 28 day period and compared to their usual diets. Online evaluations were performed at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 4 day diet transition, and at 7, 14 and 28 days. Digestive sensitivity with the dog's usual food was reported in 28% of the enrolled dogs. At least 94% of the pet owners declared they were satisfied with the transition to the tested diets. Average stool consistency scores with the tested diets remained steady at the optimal value of 2.2. Globally acceptable stool odour and small or normal stool volume were reported in over 70% of the dogs. Unchanged or decreased faeces odour and volume were described in more than 70% of the dogs and unchanged or increased stool consistency was reported in more than 77% of the dogs in comparison to their previous diet. Faecal consistency and stool volume were not significantly different between the different time points. The number of dogs showing flatulence was significantly lower on days 7, 14 and 28 than on day 0. In conclusion, a safe diet transition and a high digestive tolerance was reported after feeding various sized adult dogs of different breeds with the tested Veterinary HPMTM diets.
Evaluation of a virtual pet visit system with live video streaming of patient images over the Internet in a companion animal intensive care unit in the Netherlands.
Venue: Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care

To evaluate the impact of a virtual pet visit system "TelePet" System, TPS) on owners and staff of a companion animal ICU.  Longitudinal interventional study (2010 2013)  Companion animal ICU at a university veterinary medical teaching hospital.  Pet owners, ICU technicians.  The introduction of the TPS, with live video streaming of patient images over the Internet, in a companion animal ICU.  Pet owners experienced TPS as a valuable extra service. Most TPS users (72.4% experienced less anxiety and felt less need (40.4% of TPS users) to visit their hospitalized pet in person. Most users (83.5% shared TPS access with their family. The introduction of the TPS did not improve overall owner satisfaction, except for the score on "quality of medical treatment." Seven of 26 indicators of owner satisfaction were awarded higher scores by TPS users than by TPS nonusers in the survey after the introduction of the system. However, the lack of randomization of owners might have influenced findings. The enthusiasm of the ICU technicians for the system was tempered by the negative feedback from a small number of owners. Nevertheless they recognized the value of the system for owners. The system was user friendly and ICU staff and TPS users experienced few technical problems.  As veterinary healthcare is moving toward a more client centered approach, a virtual pet visit system, such as TPS, is a relatively simple application that may improve the well being of most owners during the hospitalization of their pet.
Emotional security in the family system and psychological distress in female survivors of child sexual abuse.
Venue: Child abuse neglect

The Emotional Security Theory (EST) was originally developed to investigate the association between high levels of interparental conflict and child maladaptative outcome. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of emotional security in the family system on psychological distress among a sample of young female adult survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) The role of emotional security was investigated through the interactive effects of a number of factors including the type of abuse, the continuity of abuse, the relationship with the perpetrator and the existence of disclosure for the abuse. Participants were 167 female survivors of CSA. Information about the abuse was obtained from a self reported questionnaire. Emotional security was assessed with the Security in the Family System (SIFS) Scale, and the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL 90 R) was used to assess psychological distress. In the total sample, insecurity (preoccupation and disengagement) was correlated with high psychological distress scores, whereas no relationship was found between security and psychological distress. The relationship between emotional insecurity and psychological distress was stronger in cases of continued abuse and non disclosure, while the relationship between emotional security and distress was stronger in cases of extrafamilial abuse and especially isolated or several incidents and when a disclosure had been made. No interactive effect was found between any of the three emotional variables and the type of abuse committed. The results of the current study suggest that characteristics of CSA such as relationship with the perpetrator and, especially, continuity of abuse and whether or not disclosure had been made, can affect the impact of emotional security on psychological distress of CSA survivors.
Social Rights Jurisprudence Emerging Trends In International And Comparative Law

Thank you very much for reading social rights jurisprudence emerging trends in international and comparative law. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this social rights jurisprudence emerging trends in international and comparative law, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
The past, present and future of comparative law and economics

what is 'comparative law and economics' despite the deceptively simple nature of this question, 'comparative law and economics' is not easy to define. the label was originally introduced two decades ago by european legal scholars. it referred mainly to the application of economic analysis to comparative law and, with a weaker nuance, to applying greater focus on the legal framework within comparative economics (mattei, 1994; de Geest van der Berg, 2004).1 However, the new 'comparative law and economics' demarcation did not attract much attention, so that its role remained marginal, even within comparative law, with only a small number of specific contributions produced in 20 years (Caterina, 2006) to date, there have been only a handful of published articles and a few books explicitly endorsing the label. this lack of uptake is likewise borne out by the anthology Comparative Law and Economics, compiled by Gerrit de Geest roger van der Berg (2004) ten years ago, which is so far the only major collection of papers on the subject. it essentially gathers together articles published over a 40year time span in dispersed outlets, by authors coming from many disciplines which can somehow be regarded as converging on 'comparative law and economics' on the whole, this anthology gives the feeling that most of the included articles with a few exceptions are 'unconscious' pieces of scholarship in comparative law and economics. there are many reasons that might explain the slow pace of development of comparative law and economics. part of the problem is doubtless the lack of a specific journal that can act as a focal point for the discipline. elsewhere, dedicated journals have played an important role in helping newly minted scholarly disciplines forge an identity and develop. a notable example is law and economics, which greatly benefited from the Journal of Law and Economics (Coase, 1993)
The Comparative Law Method and the European Court of Justice: Echoes Across the Atlantic

The purpose of this contribution is to examine some salient applications of the comparative law method in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice in light of relevant case law of the U.S. Supreme Court involving recourse to foreign and international law in domestic constitutional adjudication. It is divided into three main parts. The first part concerns the European Court of Justice's recourse to the comparative law method in the context of the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation, highlighting parallels to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Obergefell v. Hodges. The second part takes up the comparative law method in the context of the interpretation of EU law, focusing on the European Court of Justice's elaboration of the autonomous concepts of "spouse" and "marriage" and the potential implications for the mobility of same sex couples in the EU, drawing insights from the U.S. Supreme Court's decisions in United States v. Windsor and Obergefell. The third part discusses the comparative law method in the context of the European Court of Justice's review of national and Union measures for compliance with EU fundamental rights, which invites comparisons with some recent U.S. Supreme Court cases on the incorporation doctrine and the standard of review. Altogether, the comparative reflections set forth in this contribution attest to similar challenges facing each Court in the context of constitutional adjudication and provide interesting insights into how the Courts carry out their mandates under their respective constitutional charters.
Transnationalizing Comparative Law

Comparative law will not die in the 21st century, but nor can it remain unchanged. Comparative law as we have it today still retains its roots in 1900: it is focused on states, on positive law, and on a scientific approach. Comparative law in the age of transnationalism will have to transnationalize: it must move beyond the state, it must move beyond positive law, and it must endorse cultural approaches. We must retain our critique of legal nationalism, but we must add our critique of uncritical legal universalism.
Introduction. A New Field: Comparative Law and Regulation

The contemporary regulatory process is global. Markets and the problems they generate consumer privacy, chemicals safety, and many others cross borders and multiple national and international jurisdictions are called into action, sometimes in concert but just as often in competition. The new field of comparative law and regulation is devoted to understanding this global regulatory process. This introductory essay lays the groundwork for the volume and future research in the field by defining the object of study and by identifying three important avenues of theoretical inquiry. Comparative law and regulation covers the law of the regulatory function legislative and administrative rulemaking, oversight, enforcement, and judicial review in both domestic and international jurisdictions, and involving both public and private actors. Theoretically, the field tackles three critical features of the global regulatory process jurisdictional variation, convergence (and divergence) over time, and legal prescription based on comparison. Jurisdictional variation is best captured by classifications based on paradigms of public law and models of legitimate private involvement in public regulation. The question of whether and how convergence occurs should be studied using causal theories of legal transplants and diffusion. And legal prescription based on comparison, a favorite rhetorical device in the global regulatory process, should be evaluated based on a normatively explicit and empirically sensitive functional method of comparative law research. These conceptual and theoretical tools apply equally to domestic and international jurisdictions.
Comparative Law and Economics

PART I THEORETICAL ISSUES1. The Past, Present and Future of Comparative Law and EconomicsGiovanni B. Ramello2. Markets, Contracts, and Firms: A Unified Model of Organizational ChoiceThomas J. Miceli3. Law, Social Norms, and Standards: Their Nexus with Government and their Impact on the Economic Performance of Nation States Nicholas Mercuro 4. The Market for Legal  Law and Economics in Europe and the United States, Nuno Garoupa and Thomas S. Ulen 5. Principles, Tolerance and Institutional TorporEnrico ColombattoPART II SELECTED CASES6. Structure and Style in Comparative Property LawYun chien Chang and Henry E. Smith 7. A Comparative View of Local Tax and Expenditure Limitations and their ConsequencesFederico Revelli8. Iron Fist in a Velvet Glove? Judicial Behavior in Mixed CourtsValerie P. Hans and Anne Jolivet9. Global Competition Law Convergence: Potential Roles for EconomicsDavid J. Gerber10. The Comparative Law and Economics of Energy MarketsGiuseppe Bellantuono 11. A Comparative Law and Economics Analysis of Damages for Patent InfringementThomas F. Cotter 12. The Comparative Economics of International Intellectual Property AgreementsPeter K. Yu13. Copyright and Negligence as Mirror Models: On Not Mistaking for the Right Hand What the Left Hand is DoingWendy J. Gordon14. The Eurozone Crisis, the Defective Policy Response and the Need for Institutional InnovationEnrico Marelli and Marcello SignorelliPART III EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATIONS15. The Effect of Stakes on Settlement: An Empirical Lesson from TaiwanKuo Chang Huang16.  Law and the Supply of Creative Work: Evidence from the MoviesIvan P.L. Png and Qiu hong Wang 18. International Environmental Agreement Effectiveness: A Review of Empirical StudiesKendall A. Houghton and Helen T. Naughton19. The American and the European Market of Human Experimentation, A Comparative Study on Regulation and CompetitivenessAntonella Foddis and Roberto IppolitiIndex
Automatic Detection of Helmet Uses for Construction Safety
Venue: 2016 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence Workshops (WIW)

The U.S. construction industry suffers from the highest number of fatalities among all industries, i.e. one in five worker deaths in private industry were in construction. Tremendous loss has occurred to the workers' families, the industry, and the nation. Considering the large and increasing number of construction projects that are being conducted in the U.S. there is a growing necessity of developing innovative methods to automatically monitor the safety for the workers at construction sites. Since the head is the most critical area of a human body and is the most vulnerable to an impact that could cause serious injury or death, the use of a protective helmet in construction work is needed. In this paper, we aim to automatically detect the uses of construction helmets (e.g. whether the construction worker wears the helmet or not) by analyzing the construction surveillance images. Based on the collected images, we first detect the object of interest (i.e. construction worker) and further analyze whether the worker wears the helmet or not, by using computer vision and machine learning techniques. In the first step, we incorporate frequency domain information of the image with a popular human detection algorithm Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) for construction worker detection; in the second step, the combination of color based and Circle Hough Transform (CHT) feature extraction techniques is applied to detect helmet uses for the construction worker.
Reply to the 'Comment on "Observation of mutual diffusion of macromolecules in PS/PMMA binary films by confocal Raman microscopy" by J. Pablo Tomba, Soft Matter, 2016, 12, DOI: 10.1039/C5SM02735G.
Venue: Soft matter

We greatly appreciate Tomba's valuable comments on our paper appearing in Soft Matter (2012, 8, 4780) Our responses are listed below to provide additional information for academic discussion.
Comment on "Formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers: ionic strengths and growth regimes" by K. Tang and A. M. Besseling, Soft Matter, 2016, 12, 1032.
Venue: Soft matter

Tang and Besseling recently published a study on the growth of polyelectrolyte multilayers formed by poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) PDADMAC, and the sodium salt of poly(4 styrenesulfonate) PSSNa. They described the different growth regimes appearing in the (PDADMAC PSS)n multilayers within a scenario in which the appearance of interdiffusion of the polyelectrolyte chains within the multilayer architecture plays a central role in the transition between the different regimes. However, this account contrasts, without an apparent explanation, with previous experimental evidence reported in the literature.