nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sex and Gender Roles in Relation to Mental Health and Allostatic Load
Venue: Psychosomatic medicine

Beyond male/female binaries, gender roles represent masculine and feminine traits that we assimilate and enact throughout life span development. Bem proposed that "androgynous" individuals adeptly adapt to different contexts by alternating from a strong repertoire of both masculine and feminine gender roles. By contrast, "undifferentiated" individuals may not adapt as well to social norms because of weak self endorsed masculinity and femininity.  Among 204 adults (mean [standard error] age 40.4 [0.9] years; 70% women) working in a psychiatric hospital, we hypothesized that androgynous individuals would present better mental health and less physiological dysregulations known as allostatic load (AL) than undifferentiated individuals. AL was indexed using 20 biomarkers using the conventional "all inclusive" formulation that ascribes cutoffs without regard for sex or an alternative "sex specific" formulation with cutoffs tailored for each sex separately while controlling for sex hormones (testosterone, estradiol, progesterone) Well validated questionnaires were used.  Independent of sex, androgynous individuals experienced higher self esteem and well being and lower depressive symptoms than did undifferentiated individuals. Men manifested higher AL than did women using the all inclusive AL index (p .044, &eegr;2P 0.025) By contrast, the sex specific AL algorithm unmasked a sex by gender roles interaction for AL (p .043, &eegr;2P 0.048) with the highest AL levels in undifferentiated men. Analysis using a gender index based on seven gendered constructs revealed that a greater propensity toward feminine characteristics correlated only with elevated sex specific AL (r 0.163, p .025) Conclusions Beyond providing psychobiological evidence for Bem's theory, this study highlights how sex specific AL formulations detect the effects of sociocultural gender.
Rating obligacji korporacyjnych przedsiebiorstw gorniczych

Streszczenie Artykul zostal poswiecony finansowaniu przedsiebiorstw branzy gorniczej poprzez wykorzystanie zrodla jakim jest emisja obligacji korporacyjnych. Koszt pozyskania takiego kapitalu jest zdeterminowany odpowiednim ratingiem obligacji nadawanym przez specjalistyczne agencje, ktore z kolei jest wynikiem ryzyka kredytowego przedsiebiorstwa bedacego emitentem. Obserwujac swiatowe tendencje w kontekscie finansowania inwestycji gorniczych mozna zauwazyc, iz odchodzi sie od tradycyjnych zrodel takich jak kredyty i pozyczki na rzecz tanszych zrodel takich jak obligacje korporacyjne. Celem artykulu jest zaprezentowanie determinant wplywajacych na szacowanie ratingu obligacji przedsiebiorstw gorniczych uwzgledniajacego specyfike ich funkcjonowania. Rating ten stanowi podstawe do okreslenia kosztow pozyskania dlugu w postaci obligacji korporacyjnych. W artykulu odnoszac sie do specyfiki branzy i jej ryzyk ustalono determinanty szacowania ratingu obligacji, ktory decyduje o ich oprocentowaniu i jednoczesnie stanowi koszt finansowania dzialalnosci emitenta. Zaprezentowane badania zostaly oparte na analizach najwiekszych firm ratingowych takich jak Moody's, Standards&Poor's oraz Fitch Ratings.
Experimental verification of the vibro impact capsule model

In this paper, an experimental verification of the vibro impact capsule model proposed by Liu et al. in ( 2013a, ; 2013b, ; 2015) is presented. The capsule dynamics is investigated experimentally by varying the stiffness of the support spring, and the frequency and the amplitude of excitation. The novel design of the experimental set up is discussed, and comparisons between the experiments and numerical simulations are presented showing a good agreement. The conducted bifurcation analysis indicates that the behaviour of the system is mainly periodic and that a fine tuning of the control parameters can significantly improve the performance of the system. The main findings provide a better insight into the vibro impact systems subject to nonlinear friction, and the experimental rig can be used to predict the dynamic behaviour of these systems.
High speed hardware architecture of scalar multiplication for binary elliptic curve cryptosystems
Venue: Microelectron. J.

In this paper a hardware architecture of scalar multiplication based on Montgomery ladder algorithm for binary elliptic curve cryptography is presented. In the proposed architecture, the point addition and point doubling are performed inzparallel by only three pipelined digit serial finite field multipliers. The structure of multiplier with a low critical path delay iszbased on a parallel and independent computation of multiplication by power of the variable polynomial. The inversion operation is implemented by using an efficient architecture of Itoh Tsujii inversion algorithm. To maximize the performance of the scalar multiplier, a clock switch block is used to manage the clock signal so that the circuit operates at its maximum frequency at different steps of the Montgomery ladder scalar multiplication algorithm. Implementation results of the proposed architecture on Virtex 5 XC5VLX110FPGA show that the execution time of the scalar multiplication for binary finite fields GF(2163) and GF(2233) are 5.08zs and 6.84zs respectively, which are better than those of other similar works.
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems

In the last 15 years much research has been done concerning practical applications of elliptic curves like integer factorization (Lenstra,  1987,  primality proving (Atkin and Morain,  1993,  algebraic geometry codes (van Lint and van der Geer, DMV Seminar, vol 12, 1988, [89] and public key cryptosystems (Koblitz,  1987,  Miller, Advances in Cryptology CRYPTO '85, 1986, pp 417 426
Assessing heat load in drylot dairy cattle: Refining on farm sampling methodology.
Venue: Journal of dairy science

Identifying dairy cattle experiencing heat stress and adopting appropriate mitigation strategies can improve welfare and profitability. However, little is known about how cattle use heat abatement resources (shade, sprayed water) on drylot dairies. It is also unclear how often we need to observe animals to measure high heat load, or the relevance of specific aspects of this response, particularly in terms of panting. Our objectives were to describe and determine sampling intervals to measure cattle use of heat abatement resources, respiration rate (RR) and panting characteristics (drooling, open mouth, protruding tongue) and to evaluate the relationship between the latter 2. High producing cows were chosen from 4 drylots (8 cows/dairy, n=32) and observed for at least 5.9h (1000 to 1800h, excluding milking) when air temperature, humidity, and the combined index averaged 33degC, 30% and 79, respectively. Use of heat abatement resources was recorded continuously; RR and the presence and absence of each panting characteristic were recorded every 5min. From the observed values, estimates using the specified sub sampling intervals were calculated for heat abatement resource use (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120min) and for RR and panting (10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120min) Estimates and observed values were compared using linear regression. Sampling intervals were considered accurate if they met 3 criteria: R2>=0.9, intercept=0, and slope=1. The relationship between RR and each panting characteristic was analyzed using mixed models. Cows used shade (at corral or over feed bunk) and feed bunk area (where water was sprayed) for about 90 and 50% of the observed time, respectively, and used areas with no cooling for 2min at a time, on average. Cows exhibited drooling (34+ 4% of observations) more often than open mouth and protruding tongue (11+ 3 and 8+ 3% of observations, respectively) Respiration rate varied depending on the presence of panting (with vs. without drool present: 97+ 3 vs. 74+ 3 breaths/min; open vs. closed mouth: 104+ 4 vs. 85+ 4 breaths/min; protruding vs. non protruding tongue: 105+ 5 vs. 91+ 5 breaths/min) Accurate estimates were obtained when using sampling intervals =90min for RR, =60min for corral shade and sprayed water use, and =30min for drooling. In a hot and dry climate, cows kept in drylots had higher RR when showing panting characteristics than when these were absent, and used shade extensively, avoiding areas with no cooling. In general, 30min intervals were most efficient for measuring heat load responses.
Boy Girl Differences in Parental Time Investments: Evidence from Three Countries
Venue: Journal of Human Capital

We study differences in parental time investments in preschool girls and boys in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We find that investments in teaching activities like reading favor girls, starting at very young ages. We document that these boy/girl differences may be quantitatively important in explaining corresponding school age test score gaps. We explore a parental preference explanation of these results. We find little support for a parental preference for girls (or boys) at young ages. As a result, the investment gaps may be due to sex differences in production functions or in the costs of delivering human capital investments.
Acute encephalopathy in an immunocompromised boy with astrovirus MLB1 infection detected by next generation sequencing.
Venue: Journal of clinical virology the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

We report a case of an immunodeficient 4 year old boy with acute encephalopathy possibly related to human astrovirus MLB1 infection. The astrovirus MLB1 genome was identified in his stool, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and throat swabs by next generation sequencing. We present additional evidence showing human astroviruses are important infectious agents, regardless of their clades, involving the central nervous system in immunocompromised hosts.
Online content creation: looking at students' social media practices through a Connected Learning lens+

As the boundaries between technology and social media have decreased, the potential for creative production or participatory practices have increased. However, the affordances of online content creation (OCC) are still taken up by a minority of internet users despite the opportunities offered for engagement and creativity. While previous studies have addressed creative production by university students for specific purposes, there is a research gap concerning OCC in the everyday lives of African university students. This paper describes the stories of three students who are online creators of content, the social media they utilised; their trajectories; their linkages with career interests; the types of online presences they created, maintained or discontinued into their university lives. As the case studies spanned digital practices that were informal and extracurricular yet peer supported as well as interest driven and academically oriented, the pedagogical framework of Connected Learning proved an appropriate heuristic. The study shows that being a digital creator gives students a competitive edge in our globally competitive society.
Reality and Perception of Copyright Terms of Service for Online Content Creation
Venue: CSCW

From amateur creativity to social media status updates, nearly every Internet user is also a content creator but who owns that content? Policy, including intellectual property rights, is a necessary but often invisible part of online content sharing and social computing environments. We analyzed the copyright licenses contained in the Terms of Service of 30 different websites where users contribute content, then conducted a survey to match perceptions of copyright terms to the reality. We found that licensing terms vary in unpredictable ways, and that user expectations and opinions differ by license and by type of website. Moreover, the most undesirable terms, such as right to modify, appear more frequently than users expect. We argue that users care about how their content can be used yet lack critical information. Site designers should take user needs and community norms into account in creating and explaining copyright policies.
Association Between Helicobacter pylori Eradication and Gastric Cancer Incidence: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis.
Venue: Gastroenterology

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection has been reported to reduce the risk of gastric cancer among asymptomatic individuals in high risk areas. The magnitude of benefit of H pylori eradication in populations with different levels of gastric cancer risk and in different clinical scenarios is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies to investigate the effects of H pylori eradication on the incidence of gastric cancer.  We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov, reviewing titles and abstracts of studies of the effects of eradication of H pylori infection on risk of gastric cancer, through May 2015. We also searched bibliographies of included studies, related reviews, and abstracts presented at Digestive Disease Week. Twenty four eligible studies (22 research manuscripts and 2 abstracts) were included in our meta analysis (715 incident gastric cancers among a total of 48,064 individuals/340,255 person years) We assessed the effects, as well as their modification by baseline gastric cancer incidence, study design (randomized trial vs observational study) clinical scenario (asymptomatic infected individuals vs individuals after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer) demographic characteristics of patients (age and sex) and duration of follow up.  After adjustment for baseline gastric cancer incidence, individuals with eradication of H pylori infection had a lower incidence of gastric cancer than those who did not receive eradication therapy (pooled incidence rate ratio 0.53; 95% confidence interval: 0.44 0.64) There was little heterogeneity among studies. Baseline gastric cancer incidence modified the benefit of H pylori eradication (P .037 for interaction) the incidence rate ratio of gastric cancer decreased in a nonlinear fashion with increasing baseline incidence of gastric cancer (P .018, in comparison with the linear model) The benefit also modestly increased with age (P .023 for interaction) but this might be due to correlation between age and baseline gastric cancer incidence. Eradication provided significant benefit for asymptomatic infected individuals (pooled incidence rate ratio, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49 0.79) and individuals after endoscopic resection of gastric cancers (pooled incidence rate ratio, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.35 0.60) The benefits of H pylori eradication did not differ with study design, sex, or follow up period.  In a systematic review and meta analysis, we associated eradication of H pylori infection with a reduced incidence of gastric cancer. The benefits of eradication vary with baseline gastric cancer incidence, but apply to all levels of baseline risk.
Pathobiology of Helicobacter pylori Induced Gastric Cancer.
Venue: Gastroenterology

Colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori and its role in causing gastric cancer is one of the richest examples of a complex relationship among human cells, microbes, and their environment. It is also a puzzle of enormous medical importance given the incidence and lethality of gastric cancer worldwide. We review recent findings that have changed how we view these relationships and affected the direction of gastric cancer research. For example, recent data have indicated that subtle mismatches between host and microbe genetic traits greatly affect the risk of gastric cancer. The ability of H pylori and its oncoprotein CagA to reprogram epithelial cells and activate properties of stemness show the sophisticated relationship between H pylori and progenitor cells in the gastric mucosa. The observation that cell associated H pylori can colonize the gastric glands and directly affect precursor and stem cells supports these observations. The ability to mimic these interactions in human gastric organoid cultures as well as animal models will allow investigators to more fully unravel the extent of H pylori control on the renewing gastric epithelium. Finally, our realization that external environmental factors, such as dietary components and essential micronutrients, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiota, can change the balance between H pylori's activity as a commensal or a pathogen has provided direction to studies aimed at defining the full carcinogenic potential of this organism.
Pour un droit du traitement des donnees par les algorithmes predictifs dans le commerce electronique

Les algorithmes predictifs sont des codes informatiques utilises pour devancer les besoins des consommateurs. Grace a la mise en correlation des donnees issues d'une infinite de traces laissees par une multitude d'internautes, ils dressent des sociotypes comportementaux pour adresser une offre personnalisee a un prospect. Generalement, leurs suggestions sont entendues car l'abondance d'informations circulant sur le reseau cree le besoin d'etre aide dans la prise de decision. Le probleme est que ces algorithmes ne sont pas neutres. Ils ont ete programmes pour ceux qui les exploitent et peuvent etre au coeur de strategies d'influence pour orienter les choix des consommateurs. Il apparait donc necessaire d'encadrer leur utilisation. Or, les donnees brutes qu'ils traitent automatiquement et massivement echappent aux reglementations nationales et europeennes de protection des donnees personnelles qui exigent, au prealable, la manifestation de la volonte eclairee de leur titulaire. Il conviendrait alors de changer de point de vue en se concentrant, non pas sur les donnees traitees, mais sur les algorithmes eux memes.
Influence of Displacement Ductility on Concrete Contribution to Shear Strength

Shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) members is composed of the contributions of the nominal shear strength provided by transverse reinforcement and concrete. The shear strength of RC members under cyclic lateral loading degrades much faster than the flexural strength. Based on this state, Seismic Codes tend to be excessively conservative and do not take into account the contribution of concrete in certain cases. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of displacement ductility on concrete contribution to shear strength using finite element analyses (FEA) Based on the agreement between the FEA and experimental results selected from literature, a simple relation is proposed for the prediction of the concrete contribution to shear strength of RC beams. The relation proposed takes into account a reduction of the normalized concrete contribution for increasing inelastic displacement demands, with a small residual strength at large ductility levels.
Arguments from authority and expert opinion in computational argumentation systems
Venue: AI SOCIETY

In this paper we show that an essential aspect of solving the problem of uncritical acceptance of expert opinions that is at the root of the ad verecundiam fallacy is the need to disentangle argument from expert opinion from another kind of appeal to authority. Formal and computational argumentation systems enable us to analyze the fault in which an error has occurred by virtue of a failure to meet one or more of the requirements of the argumentation scheme from argument from expert opinion. We present a method for enhancing this capability by showing how arguments from expert opinion are related to, but different from, arguments from deontic authority.
Driving safety field theory modeling and its application in pre collision warning system

The concept and contents of driving safety field theory were presented in our previous study. On this basis, this study focus on driving safety field theory modeling and application. First, a general model is presented, which considered the driver vehicle road interactions. The model include the following three parts: (i) driver behaviors, which are determined by driver characteristics, such as physical psychological, cognition, driving skill, and traffic violations; (ii) vehicle characteristics, which are determined by velocity vectors and virtual masses of vehicles; (iii) road conditions, which are determined by virtual mass of on road non moving objects, types of traffic signs, road adhesion coefficient, road slope, road curvature, and visibility. In order to establish concrete functional forms, the specific model is presented. This specific model provides a method for virtual mass calculation and describes the field strength and field force in detail. After that, a driving safety indicator namely DSI is defined. Finally, a vehicle collision warning algorithm based on driving safety field model is presented. This algorithm used a new index namely RDSI to evaluate the driving risk level. The effectiveness of this collision warning algorithm is verified by field experiments.
Detection of known and unknown DDoS attacks using Artificial Neural Networks
Venue: Neurocomputing

The key objective of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is to compile multiple systems across the Internet with infected zombies/agents and form botnets of networks. Such zombies are designed to attack a particular target or network with different types of packets. The infected systems are remotely controlled either by an attacker or by self installed Trojans (e.g. roj/Flood IM) that are programmed to launch packet floods. Within this context, the purpose of this paper is to detect and mitigate known and unknown DDoS attacks in real time environments. We have chosen an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm to detect DDoS attacks based on specific characteristic features (patterns) that separate DDoS attack traffic from genuine traffic.
Text Matching as Image Recognition
Venue: AAAI

Matching two texts is a fundamental problem in many natural language processing tasks. An effective way is to extract meaningful matching patterns from words, phrases, and sentences to produce the matching score. Inspired by the success of convolutional neural network in image recognition, where neurons can capture many complicated patterns based on the extracted elementary visual patterns such as oriented edges and corners, we propose to model text matching as the problem of image recognition. Firstly, a matching matrix whose entries represent the similarities between words is constructed and viewed as an image. Then a convolutional neural network is utilized to capture rich matching patterns in a layer by layer way. We show that by resembling the compositional hierarchies of patterns in image recognition, our model can successfully identify salient signals such as n gram and n term matchings. Experimental results demonstrate its superiority against the baselines.
Visual exploration of tsunami evacuation planning
Venue: J. Vis.

We present a novel web browser based interactive visualization tool to aid in rapid tsunami evacuation planning. The interface loads simulated route schedule flow data for visual analysis and allows users to explore the spatio temporal evolvement of an evacuation process with a dynamic map. It also supports multiple filtering and summary interaction, i.e. filtering the roads/nodes by their utilization efficiency and summarizing the congested roads during evacuation. The multiple linked views including some diagrams facilitate the analysis of evacuation efficiency and verifying of evacuation schedules. Our tool also supports dynamic evacuation parameter settings to help to make the evacuation strategies and optimize decision making. A case study on the possible tsunami evacuation events is conducted with disaster managers and domain experts. Encouraging remarks on usability and performance were received.