nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond managerial talent: 'key group' identification and differential compensation practices in multinational companies

With the maturation of strategic human resource management scholarship, there appears to be a greater call to move from monolithic workforce management to a more strategic and differentiated emphasis on employees with the greatest capacity to enhance competitive advantage. There has been little consideration in the literature as to whether organizations formally identify key groups of employees based on their impact on organizational learning and core competences. Using survey evidence from 260 multinational companies (MNCs) this paper explores the extent to which key groups of employees are formally recognized and whether they are subject to differential compensation practices. The results demonstrate that just in excess of half of these MNCs identify a key group. There was considerable differentiation in the compensation practices between these key groups, managers and the largest occupational group in the workforce. The results give rise to questions worthy of future investigation, namely whether the differentiated approaches used lead to improved performance outcomes.
Performance Measurement and Compensation Practices in Hospitals: An Empirical Analysis in Consideration of Ownership Types

Against the background of regulatory initiatives that put hospitals under increasing financial pressure, we explore performance measurement and compensation practices in hospitals through a multiple case study. We extend previous research by comparing practices among different ownership types (i.e. public, non profit, and private) and by providing initial evidence on compensation schemes for the clinical staff. Our empirical investigation is embedded in the 'stewardship agency axis' that allows the development of theoretical arguments about the interdependencies between ownership and performance measurement systems (PMS) We distinguish two primary levels of analysis the types of measures implemented and their linkage with compensation and decision making. Our findings suggest that the types of measures are primarily affected by regulatory pressures, while powerful internal actors considerably influence the linkage between these measures and compensation. Consistent with our theorised patterns, cross case analyses indicate differences between ownership types concerning the performance dimensions that are prioritised and the linkage of performance measures with compensation of the clinical staff. Together, these findings provide evidence on the interdependent effects of the regulatory environment, the type of ownership and internal actors on a hospital's PMS. We also provide some tentative explanations for these findings based on insights from institutional and behavioural theory.
From chicken feather to nitrogen and sulfur co doped large surface bio carbon flocs: an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Nitrogen and sulfur co doped bio carbon flocs (NSC) with large BET surface areas and porous structures are obtained via pyrolysis of zinc based metal organic coordination polymer (MOCP Zn) that is synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction between zinc salt and polypeptides derived from chicken feather. The as prepared carbon flocs exhibit a superior performance towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) both in alkaline and acid media. Especially, the as prepared NSC 3.5 can be comparative to Pt/C, exhibiting a promising application in the acidic environment of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. It is proven that the enhanced ORR activities can be attributed to the high content of pyridinic and graphitic type nitrogen and large surface areas with abundant porous structures. Moreover, the growth mechanism of nitrogen and sulfur co doped bio carbon materials from chicken feather via coordination reaction and biomineralization process is investigated. This study develops a new method to prepare nonmetal doped bio carbon materials from waste biomass with enhanced electrocatalytic performances for ORR.
Recuperacion de suelos de relaves mineros para convertirlos en areas verdes en la planta piloto metalurgica de Yauris UNCP

Las operaciones mineras estan relacionadas al cateo, prospeccion, exploracion, desarrollo, extraccion y concentracion de minerales; son potenciales de contaminacion en las areas circundantes. En tal sentido hemos considerado importante estudiar los problemas ambientales y drenajes acidos que se producen como consecuencia de la exposicion al medio ambiente tanto de los desmontes abandonados, y relaves antiguos. El presente trabajo es el estudio de la problematica ambiental en la planta piloto metalurgico de Yauris perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Peru (Junin) La configuracion que presenta el area de operacion y el resultado de la accion de la erosion forman parte del area en estudio que esta conformado por la disposicion de relaves de las diferentes pruebas de pilotaje realizados en este centro de investigaciones metalurgicas. Como resultado de los estudios de lasevaluaciones desarrollados sobre la calidad de las arenas residuales deducimos que el lugar de estudio es recuperable y que por su caracteristica fisico quimico de los relaves mencionados y su manejo inadecuado representan un alto riesgo de contaminacion.
Insights into Brain Architectures from the Homological Scaffolds of Functional Connectivity Networks
Venue: Front. Syst. Neurosci.

In recent years, the application of network analysis to neuroimaging data has provided useful insights about the brain's functional and structural organization in both health and disease. This has proven a significant paradigm shift from the study of individual brain regions in isolation. Graph based models of the brain consist of vertices, which represent distinct brain areas, and edges which encode the presence (or absence) of a structural or functional relationship between each pair of vertices. By definition, any graph metric will be defined upon this dyadic representation of the brain activity. It is however unclear to what extent these dyadic relationships can capture the brain's complex functional architecture and the encoding of information in distributed networks. Moreover, because network representations of global brain activity are derived from measures that have a continuous response (i.e. interregional BOLD signals) it is methodologically complex to characterize the architecture of functional networks using traditional graph based approaches. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between standard network metrics computed from dyadic interactions in a functional network, and a metric defined on the persistence homological scaffold of the network, which is a summary of the persistent homology structure of resting state fMRI data. The persistence homological scaffold is a summary network that differs in important ways from the standard network representations of functional neuroimaging data: (i) it is constructed using the information from all edge weights comprised in the original network without applying an ad hoc threshold and (ii) as a summary of persistent homology, it considers the contributions of simplicial structures to the network organization rather than dyadic edge vertices interactions. We investigated the information domain captured by the persistence homological scaffold by computing the strength of each node in the scaffold and comparing it to local graph metrics traditionally employed in neuroimaging studies. We conclude that the persistence scaffold enables the identification of network elements that may support the functional integration of information across distributed brain networks.
Network biomarkers of schizophrenia by graph theoretical investigations of Brain Functional Networks

Brain Functional Networks (BFNs) graph theoretical models of brain activity data, provide a systems perspective of complex functional connectivity within the brain. Neurological disorders are known to have basis in abnormal functional activities, that could be captured in terms of network markers. Schizophrenia is a pathological condition characterized with altered brain functional state. We created weighted and binary BFN models of schizophrenia patients as well as healthy subjects starting from fMRI data in an effort to search for network biomarkers of the disease. We investigated 45 topological features of BFNs and their higher order combinations (2 to 8) We find that network features embodying modularity, betweenness, assortativity and edge density emerge as key markers of schizophrenia. Also, features derived from weighted BFNs were observed to be more effective in disease classification as compared to those from binary BFNs. These topological markers may provide insights into mechanisms of functional activity underlying disease phenotype and could further be used for designing algorithms for clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia as well as its early detection.
Novel core in cup (In lay) tablets of lamotrigine for mucoadhesive drug delivery system

Lamotrigine a BCS class II drug used in treatment of epilepsy has several disadvantages when taken orally (first pass metabolism and increased C max The aim of the study is to design core in cup (In lay) buccoadhesive tablets which aims for controlled, unidirectional release, increased patient compliance and decreased side effects. The present study involves the preparation of core in cup tablets containing release retarding polymers like sodium alginate, xanthan gum and HPMC E 15LV in core and HPMC K 15M in cup for mucoadhesion. L9 orthogonal array Taguchi design was constructed for the study. The dependent variable studied for L9 orthogonal array Taguchi runs include drug release from which the formulation with highest S/N ratio was optimized. All the runs were evaluated for physical parameters, drug release, mucoadhesive studies and assay. L1, L2, L4 and L8 formulations showed controlled release for up to 8 hours with good assay values. The model dependent kinetics showed zero order kinetics with super case II transport and Hixson Crowell mechanism which indicates unidirectional drug release. Srinija and Lakshmi, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2016, 5(2) 9 13
Pulsatile drug delivery system using core in cup approach: a review

Oral controlled drug delivery systems represent the most popular form of controlled drug delivery systems for the obvious advantages of oral route of drug administration. Such systems release the drug with constant or variable release rates. Pulsatile drug delivery system (PDDS) can be defined as a system where drug is released suddenly after a well defined lag time according to the circadian rhythm of the disease. PDDS can be classified according to the pulse regulation of drug release into three main classes; time controlled pulsatile release (single or multiple unit system) internal stimuli induced release and external stimuli induced pulsatile release systems. Pulsatile delivery is generally intended as a release of the active ingredient that is delayed for a programmable period of time to meet particular chronotherapeutic needs and, in the case of oral administration, also target distal intestinal regions, such as the colon. Most oral pulsatile delivery platforms consist in coated formulations wherein the applied polymer serves as the release controlling agent. When exposed to aqueous media, the coating initially performs as a protective barrier and, subsequently, undergoes a timely failure based on diverse mechanisms depending on its physico chemical and formulation characteristics.
Influence of hatch spacing on heat and mass transfer, thermodynamics and laser processability during additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 alloy

A transient three dimensional powder scale model has been established for investigating the thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer and surface quality within the molten pool during selective laser melting (SLM) Inconel 718 alloy by finite volume method (FVM) considering the powder solid transition, variation of thermo physical properties, and surface tension. The influences of hatch spacing (H) on the thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, and resultant surface quality of molten pool have been discussed in detail. The results revealed that the H had a significant influence on determining the terminally solidified surface quality of the SLM processed components. As a relatively lower H of 40 mm was used, a considerable amount of molten liquid migrated towards the previous as fabricated tracks with a higher velocity, resulting in a stacking of molten liquid and the attendant formation of a poor surface quality with a large average surface roughness of 12.72 mm. As an appropriate H of 60 mm was settled, a reasonable temperature gradient and the resultant surface tension tended to spread the molten liquid with a steady velocity, favoring the formation of a flat surface of the component and an attendant low average surface roughness of 2.23 mm. Both the surface morphologies and average surface roughness were experimentally obtained, which were in a full accordance with the results calculated by simulation.
Organized violence, 1989 2015

The alarming upward trend since 2012 in the number of fatalities incurred by organized violence did not continue in 2015. Indeed, 2014 saw more than 130,000 people killed in organized violence while in 2015 this figure was close to 118,000. This is still an unusually high number, the third worst year in the post Cold War period. The number of conflicts continued to increase from 41 in 2014 to 50 in 2015. This increase was by and large driven by the expansion of the Islamic State. Most of the fatalities, over 97,000, incurred in state based conflicts. Non state conflicts also increased, from 61 in 2014 to 70 in 2015, the highest number recorded in the 1989 2015 period. No non state conflict passed the threshold of 1,000 battle related deaths, but 11 state based conflicts did a decrease by one from 2014. Seven of the ten most violent state based conflicts in 2014 became less violent. Twenty six actors were registered in one sided violence just as in 2014, while the number of fatalities decreased from over 13,500 to 9,500.
Efficient baseband processing system for DVB RCS to DVB S2 onboard processing satellite
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

An open standard compatible onboard processing system is under development, which provides mesh connectivity between different user terminals. The system is designed to be compatible to Digital Video Broadcasting Return Channel via Satellite (DVB RCS) protocol in uplink and Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite Second Generation (DVB S2) in downlink channels. Due to widespread use of this protocol in DTH, low cost compatible terminals are widely available in market. The main elements of this system are DVB RCS burst demodulator and decoder, protocol convertor, baseband processor with channel estimator and DVB S2 modulator. This work presents the architecture of baseband processing and channel estimation module. So this requires advanced micro controller and fast digital signal processor. Also this processor can be time shared for timing recovery module of burst demodulator. Since the system is designed to be implemented as an onboard processor (OBP) for communication satellite, therefore LEON 3 processor and Digital Signal Processor (DSP) SMJ320C6701 are chosen due to availability of their radiation tolerant versions. This paper presents an interface between LEON 3 and DSP for faster execution of both base band processing and floating point operations. Simulation of interface is done on ModelSim(r) and performance evaluation and comparison has been done on simulators. TSIM2 simulator is used to simulate LEON 3 where as to simulate DSP SMJ320C6701, Code Composer Studio v5 is used.
Radio resource management strategies for DVB S2 systems operated with flexible satellite payloads
Venue: 2016 8th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 14th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop (ASMS/SPSC)

The increasing demand for high rate broadcast and multicast services over satellite networks has pushed for the development of High Throughput Satellite (HTS) characterized by a large number of beams (e.g. more than 100) Moreover, the variable distribution of data traffic across beams and over time has called for the design of a new generation of satellite payloads, able to flexibly allocate bandwidth and power. In this context, this paper explores the technical challenges related to radio resource allocation in the forward link of multibeam satellite networks and proposes a strategy based on a modified version of the simulated annealing algorithm and a newly proposed objective function to meet as close as possible the requested traffic across the beams while taking fairness into account. Performance results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and also shed some light on possible payload design implications.
Protective monotherapy against lethal Ebola virus infection by a potently neutralizing antibody
Venue: Science

Antibodies block Ebola virus entry The recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa illustrates the need for both an effective vaccine and therapies to treat infected individuals. Corti et al. isolated two monoclonal antibodies from a survivor of the 1995 Kikwit outbreak and demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy in Ebola virus infected macaques. In fact, one antibody protected macaques when it was given up to 5 days after infection. Misasi et al. solved the crystal structures of fragments of the two antibodies bound to the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) which mediates viral cell entry. The two antibodies targeted different regions of GP, but in both cases blocked steps required for viral entry. Science, this issue pp. 1339 1343 Monoclonal antibodies that bind Ebola virus glycoprotein show therapeutic efficacy in macaques. Ebola virus disease in humans is highly lethal, with case fatality rates ranging from 25 to 90% There is no licensed treatment or vaccine against the virus, underscoring the need for efficacious countermeasures. We ascertained that a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit Ebola virus disease outbreak maintained circulating antibodies against the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein for more than a decade after infection. From this survivor we isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize recent and previous outbreak variants of Ebola virus and mediate antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Strikingly, monotherapy with mAb114 protected macaques when given as late as 5 days after challenge. Treatment with a single human mAb suggests that a simplified therapeutic strategy for human Ebola infection may be possible.
Platelet derived growth factor a receptor is the cellular receptor for human cytomegalovirus gHgLgO trimer
Venue: Nature Microbiology

Human cytomegalovirus encodes at least 25 membrane glycoproteins that are found in the viral envelope1. While gB represents the fusion protein, two glycoprotein complexes control the tropism of the virus: the gHgLgO trimer is involved in the infection of fibroblasts, and the gHgLpUL128L pentamer is required for infection of endothelial, epithelial and myeloid cells2 5. Two reports suggested that gB binds to ErbB1 and PDGFRa (refs 6,7) however, these results do not explain the tropism of the virus and were recently challenged8,9. Here, we provide a 19 A reconstruction for the gHgLgO trimer and show that it binds with high affinity through the gO subunit to PDGFRa, which is expressed on fibroblasts but not on epithelial cells. We also provide evidence that the trimer is essential for viral entry in both fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Furthermore, we identify the pentamer, which is essential for infection of epithelial cells, as a trigger for the ErbB pathway. These findings help explain the broad tropism of human cytomegalovirus and indicate that PDGFRa and the viral gO subunit could be targeted by novel anti viral therapies.
Irradiance scintillation index for Gaussian beam based on the generalized anisotropic von Karman spectrum

Experiments and theoretical investigations have shown that the atmosphere turbulence exhibits both anisotropic and non Kolmogorov properties. In this paper, based on the anisotropic generalized von Karman spectrum and the Rytov approximation theory, new expression for the irradiance scintillation index of optical waves is derived for Gaussian beam propagating through weak anisotropic non Kolmogorov turbulence. Compared with previously published results, it considers simultaneously the asymmetry property of turbulence cells or eddies in the orthogonal xy plane, the general spectral power law in the range 3 4 instead of constant value of 11/3 for the Kolmogorov turbulence, and the finite turbulence inner and outer scales. Two anisotropic factors are introduced to parameterize the anisotropy of turbulence cells or eddies in horizontal and vertical directions. In the special cases of these two anisotropic factors equaling one and the finite turbulence inner and outer scales equaling separately zero and infinite, the derived expression can reduce correctly to the previously published results. Calculations are performed to analyze the derived results.
Irradiance scintillation index on slant atmospheric turbulence: simple approach

Turbulence plays an important role in investigating the irradiance scintillation index (SI) for a free space optical wave propagating through atmospheric turbulence. The Hufnagel Valley model is used in most studies, where the SI of the slant path is obtained using numerical analysis. A polynomial is proposed for the refractive index structure parameter, on which a closed form is derived for the irradiance SI of a spherical optical wave propagating through a slant atmospheric turbulence. This is used to study signal to noise ratio and bit error rate for system performance evaluation. The obtained results demonstrate the simplicity of using the derived closed form of SI compared to statistical methods. The derived expression takes less computational time for SI, which reflects positively on the system performance, which is an essential issue in vehicular mobile applications, in particular.
Irradiance scintillation of Gaussian beam considering the concept of anisotropy at different scales in weak anisotropic turbulence

In this work, taking the concept of anisotropy at different scales of turbulence cells or eddies into considerations, new analytic expression of the irradiance scintillation index of a Gaussian beam is derived for Gaussian beam propagating through weak anisotropic non Kolmogorov turbulence. The effective anisotropic factor is introduced to parameterize the asymmetry of turbulence cells or eddies in the horizontal and vertical directions. Also, the finite turbulence inner and outer scales, and the general spectral power law deviated from the classic 11/3 spectral power law behavior for Kolmogorov turbulence are considered in the investigations. The derived expression of irradiance scintillation index for a Gaussian beam can reduce correctly to the previously published results in the special cases of effective anisotropic factor equaling one. Calculations are conducted to analyze the influences of turbulence parameters on the irradiance scintillation index of Gaussian beam under weak anisotropic non Kolmogorov turbulence.