nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Life cycle assessment of a Waste to Energy plant in central Norway: Current situation and effects of changes in waste fraction composition.
Venue: Waste management

Waste to Energy (WtE) plants constitute one of the most common waste management options to deal with municipal solid waste. WtE plants have the dual objective to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and simultaneously to produce useful energy (heat and/or power) Energy from WtE is gaining steadily increasing importance in the energy mix of several countries. Norway is no exception, as energy recovered from waste currently represents the main energy source of the Norwegian district heating system. Life cycle assessments (LCA) of WtE systems in a Norwegian context are quasi nonexistent, and this study assesses the environmental performance of a WtE plant located in central Norway by combining detailed LCA methodology with primary data from plant operations. Mass transfer coefficients and leaching coefficients are used to trace emissions over the various life cycle stages from waste logistics to final disposal of the ashes. We consider different fractions of input waste (current waste mix, insertion of 10% car fluff, 5% clinical waste and 10% and 50% wood waste) and find a total contribution to Climate Change Impact Potential ranging from 265 to 637gCO2eq/kg of waste and 25 to 61gCO2eq/MJ of heat. The key drivers of the environmental performances of the WtE system being assessed are the carbon biogenic fraction and the lower heating value of the incoming waste, the direct emissions at the WtE plant, the leaching of the heavy metals at the landfill sites and to a lesser extent the use of consumables. We benchmark the environmental performances of our WtE systems against those of fossil energy systems, and we find better performance for the majority of environmental impact categories, including Climate Change Impact Potential, although some trade offs exist (e.g. higher impacts on Human Toxicity Potential than natural gas, but lower than coal) Also, the insertion of challenging new waste fractions is demonstrated to be an option both to cope with the excess capacity of the Norwegian WtE sector and to reach Norway's ambitious political goals for environmentally friendly energy systems.
Big Five Personality Traits and Physical Aggression between Siblings in South Korea: an Actor Partner Interdependence Analysis
Venue: Journal of Family Violence

The present study examined actor and partner effects of the Big Five personality traits, assessed by the NEO Five Factor Inventory, on physical aggression within sibling dyadic interactions. Data were collected from 86 target adolescents receiving counseling services, their mothers, and closest age siblings in South Korea. Mothers rated their children's personalities. Target adolescents and siblings reported their own personality, as well as their sibling's and their own perpetration of physical aggression against one another. Substantial self other (i.e. mother and sibling) agreement was found for personality traits. Both actor and partner effects were found for the negative associations between extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness and physical aggression among siblings. The current findings increase our understanding of personality traits implicated in physical aggression in general, and specifically aggression among siblings.
Gender Differentiated Parenting Revisited: Meta Analysis Reveals Very Few Differences in Parental Control of Boys and Girls
Venue: PloS one

Although various theories describe mechanisms leading to differential parenting of boys and girls, there is no consensus about the extent to which parents do treat their sons and daughters differently. The last meta analyses on the subject were conducted more than fifteen years ago, and changes in gender specific child rearing in the past decade are quite plausible. In the current set of meta analyses, based on 126 observational studies (15,034 families) we examined mothers' and fathers' differential use of autonomy supportive and controlling strategies with boys and girls, and the role of moderators related to the decade in which the study was conducted, the observational context, and sample characteristics. Databases of Web of Science, ERIC, PsychInfo, Online Contents, Picarta, and Proquest were searched for studies examining differences in observed parental control of boys and girls between the ages of 0 and 18 years. Few differences were found in parents' use of control with boys and girls. Parents were slightly more controlling with boys than with girls, but the effect size was negligible (d 0.08) The effect was larger, but still small, in normative groups and in samples with younger children. No overall effect for gender differentiated autonomy supportive strategies was found (d 0.03) A significant effect of time emerged: studies published in the 1970s and 1980s reported more autonomy supportive strategies with boys than toward girls, but from 1990 onwards parents showed somewhat more autonomy supportive strategies with girls than toward boys. Taking into account parents' gender stereotypes might uncover subgroups of families where gender differentiated control is salient, but based on our systematic review of the currently available large data base we conclude that in general the differences between parenting of boys versus girls are minimal.
Borderline intellectual functioning and parental stress: An italian case control study

FRANCESCO PRECENZANO* MARIA RUBERTO* LUCIA PARISI* MARGHERITA SALERNO* AGATA MALTESE* ILARIA D'ALESSANDRO*,MARIA FRANCESCA GRAPPA* ROSARIA MARTINA MAGLIULO* GIOVANNI MESSINA* MICHELE ROCCELLA* *Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry; Headache Center for children and adolescents; Department of Mental Health and Physical and Preventive Medicine; Second University of Naples *Department of Medical Surgical and Dental Specialties; Second University of Naples *Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy *Sciences for Mother and Child Health Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy *Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy #Francesco Precenzano and Maria Ruberto equally contributed to the manuscript
Parental Perception of Weight Status and Weight Gain Across Childhood
Venue: Pediatrics

Parents of children who are overweight often fail to accurately identify their child's weight status. Although these misperceptions are presumed to be a major public health concern, little research has examined whether parental perceptions of child weight status are protective against weight gain during childhood. Our objective was to examine whether parental perceptions of child weight status are associated with weight gain across childhood.  Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used to assess parental perceptions of child weight status and to examine changes in researcher measured child BMI z scores across childhood, from 4 to 13 years old. Participants included 3557 Australian children and their parents.  Children whose parents perceived their weight as being "overweight," as opposed to "about the right weight," gained more weight (increase in BMI z score) from baseline to follow up in all analyses. This finding did not depend on the actual weight of the child; the association between perceiving one's child as being overweight and future weight gain was similar among children whose parents accurately and inaccurately believed their child was overweight.  Contrary to popular belief, parental identification of child overweight is not protective against further weight gain. Rather, it is associated with more weight gain across childhood. Further research is needed to understand how parental perceptions of child weight may counterintuitively contribute to obesity.
US Power and Influence in the Asia Pacific Region: The Decline of 'Alliance Mutuality'

Recently, the nature of the presence of the US in the Asia Pacific has undergone significant changes. At least three developments the rise of an economically and militarily resurgent China, a renewed counter strategic approach by the US to rebalance its engagements with its close regional allies like Japan, the Philippines, South Korea and Australia, and the US' efforts to expand and extend strategic cooperation with India and Vietnam show that there are new emerging differences between the US and its four major non NATO allies in the Asia Pacific. These developments point towards declining strategic reciprocity of these nation states with the US and vice versa as they seek relative autonomy in their engagements with Beijing along with other extra regional powers. While this has tacitly mandated the expansion of the US alliance system from the core Asia Pacific region westwards to include the Indo Pacific, the Indian Ocean and a few other Southeast Asian nations, it has also depicted the insufficiency of the US' alliance with non NATO allies in meeting its somewhat altered regional objectives since the turn of the century.
Hybrid Co simulation of FMUs using DEV&DESS in MECSYCO
Venue: 2016 Symposium on Theory of Modeling and Simulation (TMS DEVS)

Co simulation is a key tool in the design and operation of a growing number of complex cyber systems. But efficiently yet accurately combining continuous time components (such as FMUs) with event based ones can be challenging, both from a modeling perspective and an operational, tools oriented one. We propose a platform to tackle this problem building up on MECSYCO, a MAS based DEVS wrapping platform dedicated to co simulation. Relying on the ability of DEVS to integrate the DEV&DESS formalism which offers a sound framework for describing hybrid models we propose a DEV&DESS wrapper for FMU. This wrapper encapsulates a version of the DEV&DESS simulation algorithm for FMU components which is notably composed of: (1) a forecast strategy which searches for the next state event; (2) a bisectional algorithm to approach the location of the state change in an FMU. Our solution is implemented using Java and JavaFMI to control the FMU. Our sample case is the co simulation of a barrel filler factory implemented in different FMUs and event based models. Compared to related works, our proposal is functional, generic, yet evolutionary, and benefits from the strong foundations of DEV&DESS.
Using DEv PROMELA for Modelling and Verification of Software
Venue: SIGSIM PADS

Efficient modelling and verification of models need an accurate representation of systems. Especially, PROMELA cannot represent time as quantitative properties. That means some properties depending on time cannot be checked with SPIN model checker. Discrete Time approaches and dense representation of time were successfully introduced in SPIN as extensions but suffer of the expected statespace explosion problem. Another approach using discrete event representation of time and simulation has been proposed to minimize this statespace explosion problem. In this paper, we show how this extension, DEv PROMELA, can be used in order to model and verify software designs by combining simulation and formal verification.
Perceptions of World Englishes Accents in English Phonetics Instruction of China

With the notion of World Englishes (WE) accepted in the academia, the past decade has witnessed ten studies or so conducted to scrutinize how English learners of China perceptually evaluate English varieties. Those studies, however, seldom explore the juncture between learners' attitudes toward accent varieties of English and their expectations of English phonetics instruction. Additionally, they primarily draw quantitative data from surveys of large samples without providing in depth viewpoints from learners themselves. This study aimed to investigate Chinese tertiary level English learners' attitudes toward WE accents and how they view accents situated in English phonetics instruction with cross validated research methods including an accent recognition test, an attitudinal experiment, a questionnaire survey, and semi structured interviews. Its participants were 64 sophomore English majors at a Chinese university; the accents examined were American English (AmE) British English (BrE) China English (ChE) Australian English, Indian English, and Korean English. Results indicate that students could recognize AmE and BrE better than other accents and that they identified with BrE most, but preferred to imitate AmE and welcome Americans as their phonetics teachers. Results also show students' propensity for setting a native speaker norm, rather than adopting ChE as a model, at phonetics class. Based on the findings, the study concluded that nowadays teachers for English majors in China still need to adhere to the native speaker model in English phonetics instruction, and meanwhile, expose their students to various WE accents in order to facilitate their English phonetics learning and cultivate their awareness of WE.
Managing Interorganizational Innovation Projects: Mitigating the Negative Effects of Equivocality Through Knowledge Search Strategies

Equivocality, or divergent interpretations and understandings of tasks and knowledge, has negative effects on performance because it increases conflicts and creates communication and coordination challenges in inter organizational innovation projects. However, equivocality may also stimulate team members to discuss beliefs and interpretations in ways that provide improved understanding of knowledge and tasks. We theorize that mitigation of negative effects of equivocality on project performance is conditional on explorative or exploitative knowledge search mode. Exploitative search (increasing search depth) allows for rapid learning based on the partners' existing knowledge, but it also limits a team's ability to interpret and combine diverse knowledge. Explorative search (increasing search breadth) on the other hand, allows for novel combinations of diverse knowledge and thereby alleviates the negative effect of equivocality on performance. Based on quantitative data from 251 respondents in 52 heavy engineering innovation projects in four multinational corporations based in Sweden and from their 29 collaborating partner firms worldwide, we find that equivocality reduces project performance, but that joint explorative search mitigates the negative effect of equivocality on project performance. However, we do not find support for the moderation effect of exploitative search on the relationship between equivocality and project performance. Theoretical and managerial contributions as well as limitations and suggestions for future research are presented.
Abnormal spontaneous regional brain activity in primary insomnia: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Venue: Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment

Investigating functional specialization is crucial for a complete understanding of the neural mechanisms of primary insomnia (PI) Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a useful tool to explore the functional specialization of PI. However, only a few studies have focused on the functional specialization of PI using resting state fMRI and results of these studies were far from consistent. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate functional specialization of PI using resting state fMRI with amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) algorithm.  In this study, 55 PI patients and 44 healthy controls were included. ALFF values were compared between the two groups using two sample t test. The relationship of abnormal ALFF values with clinical characteristics and duration of insomnia was investigated using Pearson's correlation analysis.  PI patients showed lower ALFF values in the left orbitofrontal cortex/inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, and bilateral cerebellum posterior lobes, while higher ALFF values in the right middle/inferior temporal that extended to the right occipital lobe. In addition, we found that the duration of PI negatively correlated with ALFF values in the left orbitofrontal cortex/inferior frontal gyrus, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score negatively correlated with ALFF values in the left inferior parietal lobule.  The present study added information to limited studies on functional specialization and provided evidence for hyperarousal hypothesis in PI.
Spontaneous pupil dilations during the resting state are associated with activation of the salience network
Venue: NeuroImage

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs fMRI) is increasingly applied for the development of functional biomarkers in brain disorders. Recent studies have revealed spontaneous vigilance drifts during the resting state, involving changes in brain activity and connectivity that challenge the validity of uncontrolled rs fMRI findings. In a combined rs fMRI/eye tracking study, the pupil size of 32 healthy subjects after 2h of sleep restriction was recorded as an indirect index for activity of the locus coeruleus, the brainstem's noradrenergic arousal center. The spontaneous occurrence of pupil dilations, but not pupil size per se, was associated with increased activity of the salience network, thalamus and frontoparietal regions. In turn, spontaneous constrictions of the pupil were associated with increased activity in visual and sensorimotor regions. These results were largely replicated in a sample of 36 healthy subjects who did not undergo sleep restriction, although in this sample the correlation between thalamus and pupil dilation fell below whole brain significance. Our data show that spontaneous pupil fluctuations during rest are indeed associated with brain circuitry involved in tonic alertness and vigilance. Pupillometry is an effective method to control for changes in tonic alertness during rs fMRI.
Branch and reduce exponential/FPT algorithms in practice: A case study of vertex cover
Venue: Theor. Comput. Sci.

We investigate the gap between theory and practice for exact branching algorithms. In theory, branch and reduce algorithms currently have the best time complexity for numerous important problems. On the other hand, in practice, state of the art methods are based on different approaches, and the empirical efficiency of such theoretical algorithms has seldom been investigated probably because they are seemingly inefficient because of the plethora of complex reduction rules. In this paper, we design a branch and reduce algorithm for the vertex cover problem using the techniques developed for theoretical algorithms and compare its practical performance with other state of the art empirical methods. The results indicate that branch and reduce algorithms are actually quite practical and competitive with other state of the art approaches for several kinds of instances, thus showing the practical impact of theoretical research on branching algorithms.
Effects of carbon dioxide on different PSK modulation formats of Optical Wireless Communications using USRP
Venue: 2016 18th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

This article explores the influence of the concentrated carbon dioxide (CO2) gas on the different Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulations used for Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) links. In this work, the OWC consisted of a laser diode, a photodetector, and a transmission medium. The Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) unit created and evaluated the PSK modulations. This unit modulated the laser diode on the transmitter side and demodulated the data which were received by the photodetector on the receiver side. The CO2 gas was emitted as a consequence of sublimation of the solid carbon dioxide in hot water. The measurements were done in a closed box in laboratory. The CO2 gas is a one element of smog which pollutes cities now and then. Our experimental results with CO2 gas could help to choose a suitable modulation scheme for OWC which are installed in cities with smog polluted atmospheric conditions.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health

The study evaluates the health risk caused by heavy metals to the inhabitants of a gold mining area. In this study, 56 soil samples from five mine tailings and 17 from two mine villages were collected and analyzed for Asernic (As) Lead (Pb) Mercury (Hg) Cadmium (Cd) Chromium (Cr) Cobalt (Co) Nickel (Ni) Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) using ICP MS. Measured concentrations of these heavy metals were then used to calculate the health risk for adults and children. Their concentrations were such that Cr Ni As Zn Cu Co Pb Hg Cd, with As, Cr and Ni higher than permissible levels. For the adult population, the Hazard Index value for all pathways was found to be 2.13, making non carcinogenic effects significant to the adult population. For children, the Hazard Index value was 43.80, a value >1, which poses serious non carcinogenic effect to children living in the gold mining area. The carcinogenic risk was found to be 1.7 x 10 4 implying that 1 person in every 5882 adults may be affected. In addition, for children, in every 2725 individuals, 1 child may be affected (3.67 x 10 4) These carcinogenic risk values were both higher than acceptable values.
Aktivitas Inhibitor a Glukosidase Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenitu (Chrysophyllum cainito L. (a Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Ethanol Extract Kenitu Leaves (Chrysophyllum cainito L.

Kenitu (Chrysophyllum cainito L. grows in Jember region, East Java, with several variants which can be distinguished from the color and shape of the fruit. They are small round (BK) large round (BB) green oval (HL) and red round (MB) Kenitu leaves have been shown to provide antidiabetic activity in vivo, but the molecular mechanism still unknown yet. One of the oral antidiabetic is a class of a glucosidase inhibitor. This research aimed to test the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a glucosidase inhibitor of several variants of kenitu leaves in Jember, as well as phytochemical screening. Simplicia powder was extracted using 70% ethanol with ultrasonication method to obtain a thick extract. a glucosidase inhibitor activity test was carried out on the negative control solution (without extract) and the sample solution (extract) using chromogenic method. Phytochemical screening was done by TLC and tube test. IC50 value of ethanol extract kenitu leaves variant BK, BB, HL, and MB were 5.476 0.039, 4.869 0.018, 9.465 0.012, and 11.836 0.048 ug/ml, respectively. Based on the LSD test, IC50 values between variants of kenitu leaves were significantly different (p 0,05) Phytochemical screening result showed that ethanol extract kenitu leaves contain saponin, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Those compounds were suspected to contribute on a glucosidase inhibitor activity, but more study still needed to isolate the active compounds and evaluate each isolate for its a glucosidase inhibitor activity.  a glucosidase inhibitor, kenitu leaves, ethanol extract