nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A variable step size MPPT for sensorless current model predictive control for photovoltaic systems
Venue: 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

Variability of the solar energy resources requires highly effective maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to ensure maximum energy harvesting from the photovoltaic (PV) modules. To accomplish this, a MPPT controller typically requires accurate knowledge of the voltage and current from the PV module, and must converge quickly with minimal hunting around the maximum power point (MPP) Conventional MPPT techniques use fixed step size perturbation which need to be optimized for one of two objectives: reducing the convergence settling time, or reducing the steady state ripple. Also, the required sensors increase system cost and can cause reliability issues, particularly for the current sensors which can exhibit thermal drift and degrade over time. This paper presents a highly efficient, variable step sensorless current MPPT controller using an observer based model derived from the principles of model predictive control (MPC) to adaptively determine the perturbation step size. The proposed variable step, sensorless current, model predictive control maximum power point tracking (VS SC MPC MPPT) continuously adjusts the perturbation step size using the predicted dynamic model to enable fast convergence and small limit cycle, without the need of expensive measuring devices. The performance of the VS SC MPC MPPT in this paper is compared to previously developed MPC MPPT methods. The provided investigation aims to demonstrate higher system efficacy with lower cost. The feasibility of the proposed controller is verified though computer simulation and real time simulation using dSPACE DS1007.
Sensorless current model predictive control for maximum power point tracking of single phase subMultilevel inverter for photovoltaic systems
Venue: 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

Stochastic dynamic behavior of solar energy necessitates the use of robust controllers for photovoltaic (PV) power electronics interfaces to maximize the energy harvest by continuous operation at maximum power point (MPP) This paper proposes a sensorless current model predictive control maximum power point tracking (SC MPC MPPT) algorithm. By predicting the future behavior of the power conversion stage, the proposed controller features fast and stable performance under dynamic ambient condition and negligible oscillation around MPP at steady state. Moreover, it does not require expensive sensing and communication equipment and networks to directly measure the changing solar insolation level. The power conversion stage includes an upstream boost dc/dc power conversion to a dc link capacitor, and a downstream seven level sub Multilevel Inverter (sMI) from the dc link capacitor to the grid. The sMI is using three power arms cascaded with an H bridge inverter. This topology brings considerable benefits such as reduced number of power switches and their gate drivers when compared to the traditional multilevel inverters. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is employed for current regulation of the sMI, thus eliminating the need of cascaded classical control loops and modulator. The proposed SC MPC MPPT technique for a boost converter is implemented experimentally using the dSPACE DS1007 platform.
Muenke syndrome: An international multicenter natural history study
Venue: American journal of medical genetics. Part A

Muenke syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by coronal suture craniosynostosis, hearing loss, developmental delay, carpal, and calcaneal fusions, and behavioral differences. Reduced penetrance and variable expressivity contribute to the wide spectrum of clinical findings. Muenke syndrome constitutes the most common syndromic form of craniosynostosis, with an incidence of 1 in 30,000 births and is defined by the presence of the p.Pro250Arg mutation in FGFR3. Participants were recruited from international craniofacial surgery and genetic clinics. Affected individuals, parents, and their siblings, if available, were enrolled in the study if they had a p.Pro250Arg mutation in FGFR3. One hundred and six patients from 71 families participated in this study. In 51 informative probands, 33 cases (64.7% were inherited. Eighty five percent of the participants had craniosynostosis (16 of 103 did not have craniosynostosis) with 47.5% having bilateral and 28.2% with unilateral synostosis. Females and males were similarly affected with bicoronal craniosynostosis, 50% versus 44.4% (P 0.84) respectively. Clefting was rare (1.1% Hearing loss was identified in 70.8% developmental delay in 66.3% intellectual disability in 35.6% attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 23.7% and seizures in 20.2% In patients with complete skeletal surveys (upper and lower extremity x rays) 75% of individuals were found to have at least a single abnormal radiographical finding in addition to skull findings. This is the largest study of the natural history of Muenke syndrome, adding valuable clinical information to the care of these individuals including behavioral and cognitive impairment data, vision changes, and hearing loss.
Expansion of the variable expression of Muenke syndrome: Hydrocephalus without craniosynostosis
Venue: American journal of medical genetics. Part A

Muenke syndrome (MS) is an autosomal dominant coronal craniosynostosis syndrome with variable extracranial anomalies. We studied 56 unrelated patients with non syndromic uni or bicoronal craniosynostosi to identify the frequency and clinical characteristics of MS in a cohort of Mexican childrens. The FGFR3 pathogenic variation p.Pro250Arg responsible for MS was characterized in all probands by PCR restriction assay; available first degree relatives (15 parents, 5 siblings) of the confirmed p.Pro250Arg carriers were also tested. All heterozygotes for p.Pro250Arg underwent clinical and audiologic assessment, as well as X ray evaluations of hands and feet. Eight of 56 probands (14% were found to carry the p.Pro250Arg variant and half of them were familial cases. Four p.Pro250Arg heterozygous familial members had been considered unaffected before the molecular testing. In one MS family, hydrocephalus without craniosynostosis, was documented as the only clinical manifestation in a previously undetected heterozygous male sibling. Hydrocephalus without craniosynostosis in a patient with the p.Pro250Arg variant suggests that some patients with MS might present only this manifestation; to our knowledge, hydrocephalus has not been described as isolated feature in MS, so we propose to consider this feature as an expansion of the MS phenotype rather than an unrelated finding. Our data also reinforce the notion that molecular testing of FGFR3 must be included in the diagnostic approach of coronal craniosynostosis. This will allow accurate genetic counseling and optimal management of MS, which might otherwise go undiagnosed because of mild manifestations and wide variability of expression.
Climate, demography and lek stability in an Amazonian bird
Venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Lekking is a rare, but iconic mating system where polygynous males aggregate and perform group displays to attract females. Existing theory postulates that demographic and environmental stability are required for lekking to be an evolutionarily viable reproductive strategy. However, we lack empirical tests for the hypotheses that lek stability is facilitated by age specific variation in demographic rates, and by predictable, abundant resources. To address this knowledge gap, we use multistate models to examine how two demographic elements of lek stability male survival and recruitment vary with age, social status and phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a Neotropical frugivorous bird, the wire tailed manakin (Pipra filicauda) Our results show that demographic and environmental conditions were related to lek stability in the Ecuadorean Amazon. Apparent annual survival probability of territorial males was higher than that of non territorial floaters, and recruitment probability increased as males progressed in an age graded queue. Moreover, annual survival of territorial males and body condition of both floaters and territory holders were higher following years with El Nino conditions, associated with reduced rainfall and probably higher fruit production in the northern Neotropics, and lower after years with wet, La Nina conditions that predominated our study. Recruitment probabilities varied annually, independent of ENSO phase, and increased over our study period, but the annual mean number of territorial males per lek declined. Our results provide empirical support for hypothesized demographic and environmental drivers of lek dynamics. This study also suggests that climate mediated changes in resource availability can affect demography and subsequent lek stability in a relatively buffered, lowland rainforest.
Solving The Puzzle Of Interest Group Litigation

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Learning Mutual Visibility Relationship for Pedestrian Detection with a Deep Model
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision

Detecting pedestrians in cluttered scenes is a challenging problem in computer vision. The difficulty is added when several pedestrians overlap in images and occlude each other. We observe, however, that the occlusion/visibility statuses of overlapping pedestrians provide useful mutual relationship for visibility estimation the visibility estimation of one pedestrian facilitates the visibility estimation of another. In this paper, we propose a mutual visibility deep model that jointly estimates the visibility statuses of overlapping pedestrians. The visibility relationship among pedestrians is learned from the deep model for recognizing co existing pedestrians. Then the evidence of co existing pedestrians is used for improving the single pedestrian detection results. Compared with existing image based pedestrian detection approaches, our approach has the lowest average miss rate on the Caltech Train dataset and the ETH dataset. Experimental results show that the mutual visibility deep model effectively improves the pedestrian detection results. The mutual visibility deep model leads to 6 15 improvements on multiple benchmark datasets.
Private public distinction of the target and the long run operating performance of acquirers

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the acquirers of private targets outperform their peers that acquire public targets in the long run.  Using two samples of acquirers of private and public targets, this paper analyses their short run market performance and long run operating performance. Univariate analyses and multiple regressions are used to analyse abnormal stock returns and abnormal cash flow performances of bidders.  Acquirers of private targets earn significantly higher abnormal return than acquirers of public targets during the announcement period. Similarly, the long run operating performance of acquirers of private targets is significantly higher than that of the acquirers of public targets. However, the performance difference between two groups is more pronounced when cash flows are scaled by the market value of acquirers.  This is the first Australian study to examine whether the long run operating performance of
Bank Diversification and Future Stock Price Performance: Evidence from Post Acquisition Returns after the GLBA

Shareholder optimism around the announcement of the GLBA seems to be at odds with recent findings that imply that the GLBA cannot be justified on the grounds of risk reduction or increased returns. Using banks' acquisition of other banks, investment banks, and insurance companies as a measure of diversification, we find that banks that acquire investment banks and insurance companies earn 97 and 83 basis points higher annualized average risk adjusted return than those that acquire other banks. Thus, the GLBA seems justifiable on grounds of risk adjusted returns. Both acquirers' announcement day abnormal returns and the acquisition premium increase with diversification, suggesting that investors and the market for corporate control correctly perceive, at the time of the announcement or acquisition, the benefit of diversification.
Distributed Timely Throughput Optimal Scheduling for the Internet of Nano Things
Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Nanotechnology is enabling the development of miniature devices able to perform simple tasks at the nanoscale. The interconnection of such nano devices with traditional wireless networks and ultimately the Internet enables a new networking paradigm known as the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) Despite their promising applications, nano devices have constrained power, energy, and computation capabilities along with very limited memory on board, which may only be able to hold one packet at once and, thus, requires packets to be delivered before certain hard deadlines. Toward this goal, a fully distributed computation light provably correct scheduling/MAC protocol is introduced for bufferless nano devices, which can maximize the network throughput, while achieving perpetual operation. More specifically, the proposed scheduling algorithm allows every nano device to make optimal transmission decisions locally based on its incoming traffic rate, virtual debts, and channel sensing results. It is proven that the proposed algorithm is timely throughput optimal in the sense that it can guarantee reliable data delivery before deadlines as long as the incoming traffic rates are within the derived maximum network capacity region. This feature not only can lead to high network throughput for the IoNT, but also guarantees that the memory of each device is empty before the next packet arrives, thus addressing the fundamental challenge imposed by the extremely limited memory of nano devices. In addition, the optimal deadline is derived, which guarantees that all the nano devices can achieve perpetual communications by jointly considering the energy consumption of communications over the terahertz channel and energy harvesting based on piezoelectric nano generators.
Beyond acne: Current aspects of sebaceous gland biology and function
Venue: Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

The sebaceous gland is most commonly found in association with a hair follicle. Its traditional function is the holocrine production of sebum, a complex mixture of lipids, cell debris, and other rather poorly characterized substances. Due to the gland's central role in acne pathogenesis, early research had focused on its lipogenic activity. Less studied aspects of the sebaceous gland, such as stem cell biology, the regulation of cellular differentiation by transcription factors, the significance of specific lipid fractions, the endocrine and specially the neuroendocrine role of the sebaceous gland, and its contribution to the innate immunity, the detoxification of the skin, and skin aging have only recently attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Here, we summarize recent multidisciplinary progress in sebaceous gland research and discuss how sebaceous gland research may stimulate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific molecular pathways of the pathogenesis of skin diseases.
Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy in the Management of Extensive Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: A study of 10 Cases
Venue: Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery

To report the efficacy of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy in the management of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC)  Retrospective study of 10 patients that received neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (Cisplatin/Carboplatin and 5 Fluorouracil) for eyelid SGC.  The mean age at presentation of eyelid SGC was 58 years (median, 55 years; range, 45 to 72 years) There were 6 females and 4 males. The mean tumor basal diameter was 36 mm (median, 31 mm, range, 20 to 65 mm) with orbital tumor extension in 9 cases. On the basis of TNM Classification, the tumors were classified as T3 (n 10) N1 (n 6) and M1 (n 2) The mean number of cycles of neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy per patient was 3 (median, 3; range, 3 to 4) The mean percentage reduction of tumor basal diameter after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 74% (median, 80% range, 30% to 100% None of them had any major systemic side effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Postchemotherapy, surgical treatment for residual tumor was performed in 7 cases. Five cases underwent excision biopsy and 2 cases with residual orbital component underwent eyelid sparing orbital exenteration. No tumor recurrence was noted in any of the 7 cases at a mean follow up period of 18 months (median, 14 months; range, 3 to 63 months) One patient died due to systemic metastasis.  Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy is effective and safe in the management of eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma.
Sebaceous Gland Atrophy in Psoriasis: An Explanation for Psoriatic Alopecia?
Venue: The Journal of investigative dermatology

In a transcriptome study of lesional psoriatic skin (PP) versus normal skin, we found a coexpressed gene module (N5) enriched 11.5 fold for lipid biosynthetic genes. We also observed fewer visible hairs in PP skin, compared with uninvolved nonlesional psoriatic skin or normal skin (P 0.0001) To ask whether these findings might be due to abnormalities of the pilosebaceous unit, we carried out three dimensional morphometric analysis of paired PP and nonlesional psoriatic skin biopsies. Sebaceous glands were markedly atrophic in PP versus nonlesional psoriatic skin (91% average reduction in volume, P 0.031) Module N5 genes were strongly downregulated in PP versus normal skin (fold change 0.25, 44.4 fold) and strongly upregulated in sebaceous hyperplasia (fold change 4, 54.1 fold) The intersection of PP downregulated and sebaceous hyperplasia upregulated gene lists generated a gene expression signature consisting solely of module N5 genes, whose expression in PP versus normal skin was inversely correlated with the signature of IL17 stimulated keratinocytes. Despite loss of visible hairs, morphometry identified elongated follicles in PP versus nonlesional psoriatic skin (average 1.7 vs. 1.2 mm, P 0.020) These results document sebaceous gland atrophy in nonscalp psoriasis, identify a cytokine regulated set of sebaceous gland signature genes, and suggest that loss of visible hair in PP skin may result from abnormal sebaceous gland function.
Students as customers' satisfaction, predictive retention with marketing implications: The case of Malaysian higher education business students

The purpose of this paper is to investigate two areas of interest: first, to determine business student customer satisfiers that could be contributors to students' current and predicted retention in a higher educational institution (HEI) and second, to use these satisfiers to inform HEI marketing planning.  The survey used 10 per cent of the sampling frame from the faculty total business students population. Descriptive statistics and correlation were employed to describe and measure the relationship between the teaching and non teaching antecedents of student satisfaction and their five constructs (academic experience, teaching quality, campus life, facilities and placement support) and current and intended retention. Standard multiple regressions were run to measure the b and significant values of the composite variables as stated.  Quantitative results revealed that students were most satisfied with academic experience and it was also the most dominant p.
Demonstrating hydrogen production from ammonia using lithium imide Powering a small proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Accessing the intrinsic hydrogen content within ammonia, NH3, has the potential to play a very significant role in the future of a CO2 free sustainable energy supply. Inexpensive light metal imides and amides are effective at decomposing ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen (2NH3 3H2 N2) at modest temperatures, and thus represent a low cost approach to on demand hydrogen production. Building upon this discovery, this paper describes the integration of an ammonia cracking unit with a post reactor gas purification system and a small scale PEM fuel cell to create a first bench top demonstrator for the production of hydrogen using light metal imides.
Home energy management incorporating operational priority of appliances

Home energy management (HEM) schemes persuade residential customers to actively participate in price based demand response (DR) programs. In these price based HEM methods, a controller schedules the energy consumption of household's controllable appliances in response to electricity price signals, considering various customer preferences. Although numerous methods have been recently proposed for HEM application, prioritizing the operation of controllable appliances from the customer's viewpoint in price based HEM has not been addressed, which is the focus of the present paper. To do this, the value of lost load (VOLL) of each appliance is defined to indicate the operational priority of that appliance from the customer perspective. Considering appliances' VOLL, electricity tariffs, and operational constraints of appliances, an optimization problem is proposed to minimize customer energy and reliability costs. The output of the proposed HEM would be the optimum scheduling of household electrical demand. Numerical studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed HEM method in a smart home, considering different time varying electricity pricings.
Appliance based control for Home Power Management Systems

This study scrutinizes energy friendly smart home appliances (hereafter 'smart appliances' control of these appliances and their effects on the efficient use of energy. To accomplish this, smart appliances and their operation principles are introduced and their energy savings compared to conventional appliances are analyzed using precise measurements. Then, a real time Appliance based Home Power Management System (Ab HPMS) which manages power consumption of smart appliances and that of the house as a whole is proposed. For Ab HPMS, an appliance control algorithm, called Appliance based Rolling Wave Planning (Ab RWP) is developed with the aim of reducing electricity cost and improving energy efficiency while maintaining user comfort. Ab RWP algorithm interacts with appliances in a priority order based on user comfort which is determined by utilizing their smart operational characteristics. Operations of smart appliances and their integrations with Ab HPMS are modeled with Petri nets to verify that they meet the requirements expressed in the specifications. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed Ab HPMS provides improvements in terms of the energy consumption reduction of about 5% 16% cost reduction of about 10% 24% and peak reduction at high demand period of about 38% 53% compared to conventional appliances usage.