nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral element based 3D elastic full waveform inversion of surface waves in the presence of complex topography using an envelope based misfit function

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a data fitting technique used to estimate properties of the Earth from seismic data by minimizing the misfit between observed and simulated seismograms. Because of very high computational cost, this technique has so far been used either in a 2D fully elastic formulation or in a 3D acoustic formulation, when applied to active source surveys in order to image the shallow subsurface (i.e. down to the first few kilometers) However, the Earth is three dimensional, (visco)elastic and highly heterogeneous. Therefore, obtaining more accurate models requires solving the full 3D elastic wave equation. In this study, we use an envelope based misfit function to construct shallow 3D models of shear wavespeed while inverting surface waves. The envelope based misfit function has proven to be effective for inverting surface waves, which are particularly exposed to the cycle skipping problem. To accurately model the wavefield in the presence of complex topography, we use a spectral element wave propagation code. A synthetic example on the SEAM Phase II foothills model illustrates that inversion of surface waves at the initial stages in such a challenging environment allows us to obtain an improved shear wavespeed starting model for traditional FWI.
Application of event sequence diagram to evaluate emergency response actions during fire induced domino effects
Venue: Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf.

Emergency response actions can significantly influence the propagation of domino effects, particularly those triggered by fires. Thus, the performance and efficiency of devised emergency response actions should be carefully evaluated and taken into account when analyzing the propagation of domino effects and their risk. In the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on Event Sequence Diagram (ESD) to evaluate and prioritize different emergency response actions based on their efficiency in preventing or delaying the propagation of domino effect. Using the developed methodology, the risk of domino effects under emergency response actions can be assessed, while considering factors such as sequence, duration, correctness, and mutual interaction of the emergency response actions. We demonstrated the application of the methodology in analyzing the effect of emergency response actions on fire induced domino effects in a fuel storage plant; the comparison of the results with previous studies illustrates the efficacy and practicality of the developed methodology.
Reverse engineering of source code to sequence diagram using abstract syntax tree
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE)

Reverse engineering from a source code to a sequence diagram can be very important in the software maintenance process. On the process of reverse engineering, there are a lot of models/approaches that can be used. Extract abstract present model is one model that can be applied because every stage in the model can represent reverse engineering process. On stages in the model, the extracted source code is converted into a specific structure for easy analyzed in the next process. AST (abstract syntax tree) is one of the structures that can be used in the extraction process. AST is commonly used as a data structure in the compiler. This research focus on the process of reverse engineering of source code to sequence diagrams. AST is used to generate the sequence diagram. We have implemented this idea in an application called REVUML. REVUML has helped in the process of understanding the flow of the source code in a software application. Our research concludes that the structure of AST has been able to assist in the reverse engineering process. Additionally our implementation has shown that AST can reveal sequences of statements in the source code which can help developers in the reverse engineering process.
Case studies of optimized sequence diagram for program comprehension
Venue: 2016 IEEE 24th International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC)

In large project, source code becomes increasing complex and lengthy so program comprehension plays an important and significant role for developers. Sequence diagram generated using static source code or dynamic only approach provides limited execution coverage, additionally contains redundant, dead and fault driven methods, which increase the size of the diagram and complexity. In this paper, to address the problems, optimized sequence diagrams were developed by combining static source code and dynamic only approach, also incorporating various levels of abstraction in order to reduce complexity and provide complete behavior of the system. Case studies determined from the sequence diagram for three systems generated based on source code only and fully dynamic approach proved that the proposed optimized sequence diagrams were less complex and provided more detailed description of the functionality of the system.
Immigration, Identity and Mobility in Europe: Inclusive Cultural Policies and Exclusion Effects

European cultural policy programs, such as European Capitals of Culture (ECC) seek to develop new forms of civic cohesion through inclusive and participative cultural events. The cultural assets of a city elected "ECC" are mobilized to attract a wide range of new audiences, including populations poorly integrated into local cultural life and consequently distant from pre existing cultural offers. In the current context of increasingly heterogeneous individual perceptions of Europe, the ECC program aims to promote cultural forms and institutions intended to accelerate both territorial and cross border European cohesion. This new cultural consumption pattern is conceived to stimulate integration and mobility, but also to create a legitimate and transnational ideal European citizen type. However, cultural struggles and identity conflicts that are emerging in contemporary Europe, especially in the context of increasing immigration issues, raise new challenges for European cultural policies to address inclusion and integration with populations poorly integrated into local cultural life. Our comparative research addresses the contrasting cases of "European Capitals of Culture" from southern and northern Europe, cities which have recently been affected by the ECC political mechanism, and cities that had been elected as ECC in the past. This paper aims to explore the impacts of European policies on institutions, as well as to understand current obstacles to their efficient implementation. For this, we analyze the urban cultural geography through innovative statistical and cartographical methods.
The Refugee Crisis and Germany: From Migration Crisis to Immigration and Integration Regime

This paper begins by examining the various contours of the current crisis for Europe and Germany in particular. It examines the breakdown of the categories with which the post 1945 international regime has worked: migrant, immigrant, asylum seeker, overseas/quota/UNHCR refugee, etc. and looks at how those distinctions might now be more of an impediment to crisis management than a solution.The paper then turns to an examination of the Germany's citizenship policies and the various ersatz mechanisms it has used since 1945 in lieu of immigration laws: including the massive ingathering of ethnic Germans from the East, large (and self deceptive) "guest worker" programs, EU free mobility rules, and various forms of German and EU asylum and subsidiary protection. These have served to mystify the actual process of immigration while also vitiating the meaning of asylum. The paper then argues for a "real" immigration law that might be constructed in such a way as both to serve Germany's mercantilist interests and show a decent respect for the humanitarian and family needs of current German residents. Finally, accompanying such an immigration policy would be a policy of social integration into the welfare state that would protect standards while pushing back against both cultural fissiparousness and neo liberal economics. Since e pluribus unum is not so simple, significant opportunities must be offered for immigrants to think of themselves as "citizens in the making."
Convergence of viscoelastic constraints to nonholonomic idealization

Rolling motion, which is usually described by means of nonholonomic constraints, can occur in many technical systems e.g. roller bearings or gear wheels in gearboxes. The idealized modeling of mechanical multibody systems with rolling elements leads to differential algebraic equations (DAEs) The kinematical condition of a vanishing relative velocity is enforced by constraint forces. However contact areas are not ideally rigid, but compliant due to local deformations of asperities and elasticity of the contacting bodies. For this reason a sensible physical description should take these effects into account. Thus the contact forces are modeled in the present paper using a tangential viscoelastic force element in the contact. The rolling motion is then enforced by applied forces, instead of constraint forces in the ideally rigid case. The objective of this work is to show that under certain conditions, solutions of the general multibody system with viscoelastic contact model converge to the solutions of the multibody system containing idealized nonholonomic constraint equations, if the viscoelastic constants approach infinity. An ansatz in form of an asymptotic series expansion with initial layer terms is introduced to prove the convergence under appropriate assumptions on the viscoelastic parameters. In order to suppress high frequency oscillations in the contact, the choice of the damping parameter is inspired by the critical damping, known in linear systems theory.
Desarrollo del clima familiar afectivo y su impacto en el bienestar subjetivo de la familia

Se realizo un estudio experimental en 80 familias atendidas en los consultorios medicos ubicados en el Consejo Popular Norte, perteneciente al Policlinico Docente  hasta igual mes del 2015, a fin de establecer una estrategia de intervencion que posibilitara el desarrollo del clima familiar afectivo y determinar su impacto en el bienestar subjetivo de la familia.
Comparison of surgical conditions following premedication with oral clonidine versus oral diazepam for endoscopic sinus surgery: A randomized, double blinded study
Venue: Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) provides a challenge and an opportunity to the anesthesiologists to prove their mettle and give the surgeons a surgical field which can make their delicate surgery safer,more precise and faster. The aim of the study was to evaluate the surgical field and the rate of blood loss in patients premedicated with oral clonidine versus oral diazepam for endoscopic sinus surgery.  ASA I or II patients who were scheduled to undergo ESS were randomly allocated to group D (n 30) or group C (n 30) The patients' vital parameters, propofol infusion rate, and rate of blood loss were observed and calculated. The surgeon, who was blinded, rated the visibility of the surgical field from grade 0 5.  In the clonidine group, the rate of blood loss, the surgical time, propofol infusion rate was found to be statistically lower as compared to the diazepam group. Also a higher number of patients in the clonidine group had a better surgical score (better surgical field) than the diazepam group and vice versa.  Premedication with clonidine as compared to diazepam, provides a better surgical field with less blood loss in patients undergoing ESS.
Transfer learning using convolutional neural networks for object classification within X ray baggage security imagery
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

We consider the use of transfer learning, via the use of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for the image classification problem posed within the context of X ray baggage security screening. The use of a deep multi layer CNN approach, traditionally requires large amounts of training data, in order to facilitate construction of a complex complete end to end feature extraction, representation and classification process. Within the context of X ray security screening, limited availability of training for particular items of interest can thus pose a problem. To overcome this issue, we employ a transfer learning paradigm such that a pre trained CNN, primarily trained for generalized image classification tasks where sufficient training data exists, can be specifically optimized as a later secondary process that targets specific this application domain. For the classical handgun detection problem we achieve 98.92% detection accuracy outperforming prior work in the field and furthermore extend our evaluation to a multiple object classification task within this context.
Exploiting Surroundedness for Saliency Detection: A Boolean Map Approach
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

We demonstrate the usefulness of surroundedness for eye fixation prediction by proposing a Boolean Map based Saliency model (BMS) In our formulation, an image is characterized by a set of binary images, which are generated by randomly thresholding the image's feature maps in a whitened feature space. Based on a Gestalt principle of figure ground segregation, BMS computes a saliency map by discovering surrounded regions via topological analysis of Boolean maps. Furthermore, we draw a connection between BMS and the Minimum Barrier Distance to provide insight into why and how BMS can properly captures the surroundedness cue via Boolean maps. The strength of BMS is verified by its simplicity, efficiency and superior performance compared with 10 state of the art methods on seven eye tracking benchmark datasets.
Boolean map saliency combined with motion feature used for dim and small target detection in infrared video sequences
Venue: Other Conferences

Infrared dim and small target detection plays an important role in infrared search and tracking systems. In this paper, a novel infrared dim and small target detection method based on Boolean map saliency and motion feature is proposed. Infrared targets are the most salient parts in images, with high gray level and continuous moving trajectory. Utilizing this property, we build a feature space containing gray level feature and motion feature. The gray level feature is the intensity of input images, while the motion feature is obtained by motion charge in consecutive frames. In the second step, the Boolean map saliency approach is implemented on the gray level feature and motion feature to obtain the gray saliency map and motion saliency map. In the third step, two saliency maps are combined together to get the final result. Numerical experiments have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method. The final detection result can not only get an accurate detection result, but also with fewer false alarms, which is suitable for practical use.
Graph Boolean Map for salient object detection
Venue: Signal Process. Image Commun.

Saliency detection is a challenging issue in computer vision, but one of great importance and huge applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Graph Boolean Map method to automatically detect salient regions. First, a few Boolean maps are generated based on multiple channels by applying gamma values. Second, we perform a multi scale propagation method by learning a new weight matrix based on two important priors, and encourage superpixels with similar appearances share similar saliency scores, yielding more stable results. Next, we generate the final saliency map by applying a graph inference based on belief propagation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms several state of the art methods to salient object detection. Our approach is also applied for infrared images. HighlightsA novel Graph Boolean Map method is proposed to detect saliency.A multi scale propagation method is present by a new weight matrix.A graph inference is proposed based on belief propagation.Boolean maps are obtained by gamma values and multiple channels.
Saliency Based Detection for Maritime Object Tracking
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

This paper presents a new method for object detection and tracking based on visual saliency as a way of mitigating against challenges present in maritime environments. Object detection is based on adaptive hysteresis thresholding of a saliency map generated with a modified version of the Boolean Map Saliency (BMS) approach. We show that the modification reduces false positives by suppressing detection of wakes and surface glint. Tracking is performed by matching detections frame to frame and smoothing trajectories with a Kalman filter. The proposed approach is evaluated on the PETS 2016 challenge dataset on detecting and tracking boats around a vessel at sea.
Scaling and universality in urban economic diversification
Venue: Journal of The Royal Society Interface

Understanding cities is central to addressing major global challenges from climate change to economic resilience. Although increasingly perceived as fundamental socio economic units, the detailed fabric of urban economic activities is only recently accessible to comprehensive analyses with the availability of large datasets. Here, we study abundances of business categories across US metropolitan statistical areas, and provide a framework for measuring the intrinsic diversity of economic activities that transcends scales of the classification scheme. A universal structure common to all cities is revealed, manifesting self similarity in internal economic structure as well as aggregated metrics (GDP, patents, crime) We present a simple mathematical derivation of the universality, and provide a model, together with its economic implications of open ended diversity created by urbanization, for understanding the observed empirical distribution. Given the universal distribution, scaling analyses for individual business categories enable us to determine their relative abundances as a function of city size. These results shed light on the processes of economic differentiation with scale, suggesting a general structure for the growth of national economies as integrated urban systems.
Branding in the age of social media

Social media was supposed to usher in a golden age of branding. But things didn't turn out that way. Marketers originally thought that Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter would let them bypass mainstream media and connect directly with customers. Hoping to attract huge audiences to their brands, they spent billions producing their own creative content. But consumers never showed up. In fact, social media seems to have made brands less significant. What happened? The issue is, social media has transformed how culture works, in a way that weakens certain branding techniques. It has united once isolated communities into influential crowdcultures. Crowdcultures are very prolific cultural innovators. Their members produce their own content so well that companies simply can't compete. Consider that people making videos in their living rooms top the charts on YouTube, which few companies have managed to crack. While they diminish the impact of branded content, crowdcultures grease the wheels for an alternative approach, cultural branding. In it, a brand sets itself apart by promoting a new ideology that springs from the crowd. Chipotle did this successfully when it made two short films critiquing industrial food, tapping into a movement that began in the organic farming subculture and blew up into a mainstream concern on social media. Other good examples come from personal care. Axe revived its brand by becoming an over the top cheerleader for the "lad" crowd that arose as a response to politically correct gender politics. Dove championed the other side of the divide, with campaigns that spoke to crowdculture concerns about unhealthy beauty standards for women. Brands succeed when they break through in culture, and crowdcultures are a great vehicle for doing that. But firms can't identify the critical opportunities by relying on traditional segmentation and trend reports.  How Cultural Branding Builds Icons.;How One Brand Uses Celebrities to Break Through
Antecedents and Consequences of Employer Branding

This study reviewed and analysed the phenomenon of employer branding. We began with a review of recent research in employer branding. Next, drawing the theoretical knowledge from OB, HRM, and marketing, a framework is developed depicting the antecedents of employer branding and its impact on the company performance. For this, primary data were collected administering a questionnaire survey on 347 top level executives in 209 companies in India, and secondary data were collected on financial performance. The results revealed that realistic job previews, perceived organizational support, equity in reward administration, perceived organizational prestige, organizational trust, leadership of top management, psychological contract obligations, and corporate social responsibility influence employer branding, which in turn impact non financial and financial performance of companies. Furthermore, leadership of top management is the most potent predictor of employer branding. Greater deviation of the existing state from the ideal state of antecedents adversely affects employer branding. Management can use this framework for developing strategy towards implementation of employer branding.
Exploring the Relationship between Employer Branding and Employee Retention

The employment environment, nowadays, is becoming increasingly competitive. In such competitive environment, employer branding is fast emerging as a long term human resource (HR) strategy to attract and retain talented workforce. The purpose of this article is to determine the antecedents of employer branding from the perspective of current employees. Most studies are dedicated to the examination of employer branding as a talent attraction technique among potential employees. However, the present research examines the impact of employer branding on retention of existing workforce. The research develops a conceptual framework of antecedents and outcomes of employer branding. Using qualitative data from a pilot study of an IT giant, it provides insights as to how the predicted outcomes of employer branding can lead to increased retention among employees. The research also analyzes the role of employer branding in building brand advocates who spread positive word of mouth about the organization. Results of the qualitative interviews show positive relationship between outcomes of employer branding (job satisfaction and psychological contract) and employee retention. In addition, a positive relationship is found between employer branding and organizational commitment which in turn contributes towards development of brand advocacy. Academic and managerial implications are also discussed. The study accentuates the importance of employer branding construct and its potential to alleviate the imminent problem of employee attrition.