nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydro Unit Commitment With a Head Sensitive Reservoir and Multiple Vibration Zones Using MILP
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

A batch of huge hydropower plants with multiple vibration zones have been developed in China. These vibration zones varying with net head, i.e. head sensitive, seriously challenge the hydro unit commitment (HUC) This paper presents a MILP model for HUC with a head sensitive reservoir and multiple vibration zones. The focus of the study is mainly on two net head related constraints, namely the unit performance curves and multiple vibration zones. These constraints are linearized through the use of binary 0 1 integer variables. The practical behavior of the MILP model is demonstrated using real world case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is computationally efficient and suitable for large hydropower plants with multiple vibration zones, showing its potential practicability and validity for solving the HUC problem.
Gender and Racial Disparities in Cases of Autoenucleation
Venue: Seminars in ophthalmology

This review demonstrates the gender and racial disparities among patients who have committed ocular autoenucleation.  Peer reviewed articles were identified and reviewed on the basis of a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid/EMBASE databases from all available literature to date.  We identified 60 cases of autoenucleation published in contemporary literature with nine attempted cases. The ratio of men to women who have committed autoenucleation is 8:1. Only 28 cases of autoenucleation included confirmed reports of racial makeup. 17 out of 28 cases were White, eight out of 28 cases were Hispanic or Asian, and only three cases were Black. White patients account for 61% of the cases, while Black patients make up 11% and other races constitute 28% The common underlying psychiatric motivations among autoenucleation patients include biblical interpretations, religious delusions, and paranoia of the eye. The most common associated psychiatric disorders among patients with autoenucleation include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder.  Autoenucleation largely occurs amongst male patients with active psychiatric disorders. Our findings challenge previously published reviews where the incidence of autoenucleation is reported as equal for the two sexes. A higher incidence among the White population is also suggested. This is the first time gender and racial disparity have been demonstrated with respect to autoenucleation.
Landscape architecture and digital technologies

Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologiesexplores how digital technologies are reshaping design and making in landscape architecture. While the potentials of digital technologies are well documented within landscape planning and visualisation, their application within design practice is far less understood. This book highlights the role of the digital model in encouraging a new design logic that moves from the privileging of the visual to a focus on processes of formation, bridging the interface of the conceptual and material, the virtual and the physical. Drawing on interviews and projects from a range of international designers including Snohetta, Arup, Gustafson Porter, ASPECT Studios, Grant Associates, Catherine Mosbach, Philippe Rahm, PARKKIM, LAAC and PEG office of landscape architecture among others, the authors explore the influence of parametric modelling, scripting, real time data, simulation, prototyping, fabrication, and Building Information Modelling on the design and construction of contemporary landscapes. This engagement with practice is expanded through critical reflection from academics involved in landscape architecture programs around the world that are reshaping their research and pedagogy to reflect an expanded digital realm. Crossing critical theory, technology and contemporary design, the book constructs a picture of an emerging twenty first century practice of landscape architecture practice premised on complexity and performance. It also highlights the disciplinary demands and challenges in engaging with a rapidly evolving digital context within practice and education. The book is of immense value to professionals and researchers, and is a key publication for digital landscape courses at all levels.
Schiff base triphenylphosphine palladium (II) complexes: Synthesis, structural elucidation, electrochemical and biological evaluation

The complexes N (2 oxidophenyl)salicylideneiminatotriphenylphosphine palladium(II) (1) and N (2 sulfidophenyl)salicylideneiminato triphenylphosphine palladium(II) (2) of tridentate Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehyde and an amino or thiophenol, have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic, analytical and electro analytical techniques. X ray single crystal analysis of complex 1 has revealed its square planar geometry. The thermal analysis has shown the absence of coordinated water and final degradation product is PdO. The alkaline phosphatase studies have indicated that enzymatic activity is concentration dependent which is inversely proportional to the concentration of the compounds. The biological assays (brine shrimp cytotoxicity, DPPH) have reflected their biologically active and mild antioxidant nature. However, results of DNA protection assay have shown that they possess moderate protective activity against hydroxyl free radicals OH) The voltammetric studies ascertain two electron reduction of the compounds through purely diffusion controlled process and reveal intercalative mode of drug DNA interactions.
Analysis of D Q Small Signal Impedance of Grid Tied Inverters
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

This paper analyzes the small signal impedance of three phase grid tied inverters with feedback control and phase locked loop (PLL) in the synchronous reference (d q) frame. The result unveils an interesting and important feature of three phase grid tied inverters namely, that its q q channel impedance behaves as a negative incremental resistor. Moreover, this paper shows that this behavior is a consequence of grid synchronization, where the bandwidth of the PLL determines the frequency range of the resistor behavior, and the power rating of the inverter determines the magnitude of the resistor. Advanced PLL, current, and power control strategies do not change this feature. An example shows that under weak grid conditions, a change of the PLL bandwidth could lead the inverter system to unstable conditions as a result of this behavior. Harmonic resonance and instability issues can be analyzed using the proposed impedance model. Simulation and experimental measurements verify the analysis.
YouTube Marketing: Legality of Sponsorship and Endorsement in Advertising

YouTube endorsement marketing, sometimes referred to as native advertising, is a form of marketing where advertisements are seamlessly incorporated into the video content unlike traditional commercials. This paper categorizes YouTube endorsement marketing into three forms: (1) direct sponsorship where the content creator partners with the sponsor to create videos, (2) affiliated links where the content creator gets a commission resulting from purchases attributable to the content creator, and (3) free product sampling where products are sent to content creators for free to be featured in a video. Examples in each of the three forms of YouTube marketing can be observed across virtually all genres of video, such as beauty/fashion, gaming, culinary, and comedy. There are four major stakeholder interests at play the YouTube content creators, viewers, YouTube, and the companies and a close examination upon the interplay of these interests supports this paper's argument that YouTube marketing is trending and effective but urgently needs transparency. The effectiveness of YouTube marketing is demonstrated through a hypothetical example in the paper involving a cosmetics company providing free product sampling for a YouTube content creator. Calculations in the hypothetical example show impressive return on investment for such marketing maneuver. Companies and YouTube content creators are subject to disclosure requirements under Federal law if the content is an endorsement as defined by the Federal Trade Commission "FTC" This paper applies the FTC Guide to the YouTube context and identifies disclosure practices that may be problematic under the FTC guidelines. Pervasive issues with disclosure on YouTube include inconsistency as to how content creators disclose as well as the lack of conspicuousness for disclosures buried in description boxes. This paper proposes that there is an urgent need to increase transparency for YouTube endorsement marketing and that YouTube should promote a uniform standard of disclosure. Contrary to the argument that disclosures would undermine the effectiveness of marketing, this paper argues that proper disclosure will not only foster viewers' trust in content creators but will also promote consumer goodwill.
Large scale road detection in forested mountainous areas using airborne topographic lidar data

In forested mountainous areas, the road location and characterization are invaluable inputs for various purposes such as forest management, wood harvesting industry, wildfire protection and fighting. Airborne topographic lidar has become an established technique to characterize the Earth surface. Lidar provides 3D point clouds allowing for fine reconstruction of ground topography while preserving high frequencies of the relief: fine Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) is the key product. This paper addresses the problem of road detection and characterization in forested environments over large scales >1000 km 2 For that purpose, an efficient pipeline is proposed, which assumes that main forest roads can be modeled as planar elongated features in the road direction with relief variation in orthogonal direction. DTMs are the only input and no complex 3D point cloud processing methods are involved. First, a restricted but carefully designed set of morphological features is defined as input for a supervised Random Forest classification of potential road patches. Then, a graph is built over these candidate regions: vertices are selected using stochastic geometry tools and edges are created in order to fill gaps in the DTM created by vegetation occlusion. The graph is pruned using morphological criteria derived from the input road model. Finally, once the road is located in 2D, its width and slope are retrieved using an object based image analysis. We demonstrate that our road model is valid for most forest roads and that roads are correctly retrieved >80% with few erroneously detected pathways (10 15% using fully automatic methods. The full pipeline takes less than 2 min per km 2 and higher planimetric accuracy than 2D existing topographic databases are achieved. Compared to these databases, additional roads can be detected with the ability of lidar sensors to penetrate the understory. In case of very dense vegetation and insufficient relief in the DTM, gaps may exist in the results resulting in local incompleteness ~15%
AIRBORNE MULTISPECTRAL LIDAR DATA FOR LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION AND LAND/WATER MAPPING USING DIFFERENT SPECTRAL INDEXES

Airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data is widely used in remote sensing applications, such as topographic and landwater mapping. Recently, airborne multispectral LiDAR sensors, which acquire data at different wavelengths, are available, thus allows recording a diversity of intensity values from different land features. In this study, three normalized difference feature indexes (NDFI) for vegetation, water, and built up area mapping, were evaluated. The NDFIs namely, NDFIG NIR, NDFIG MIR, and NDFINIR MIR were calculated using data collected at three wavelengths; green: 532 nm, near infrared (NIR) 1064 nm, and mid infrared (MIR) 1550 nm by the world's first airborne multispectral LiDAR sensor "Optech Titan" The Jenks natural breaks optimization method was used to determine the threshold values for each NDFI, in order to cluster the 3D point data into two classes (water and land or vegetation and built up area) Two sites at Scarborough, Ontario, Canada were tested to evaluate the performance of the NDFIs for land water, vegetation, and built up area mapping. The use of the three NDFIs succeeded to discriminate vegetation from built up areas with an overall accuracy of 92.51% Based on the classification results, it is suggested to use NDFIG MIR and NDFINIR MIR for vegetation and built up areas extraction, respectively. The clustering results show that the direct use of NDFIs for land water mapping has low performance. Therefore, the clustered classes, based on the NDFIs, are constrained by the recorded number of returns from different wavelengths, thus the overall accuracy is improved to 96.98%
Block Copolymer Membranes for Aqueous Solution Applications

Block copolymers are known for their intricate morphology. We review the state of the art of block copolymer membranes and discuss perspectives in this field. The main focus is on pore morphology tuning with a short introduction on nonporous membranes. The two main strategies for pore formation in block copolymer membranes are (i) film casting and selective block sacrifice and (ii) self assembly and nonsolvent induced phase separation (SNIPS) Different fundamental aspects involved in the manufacture of block copolymer membranes are considered, including factors affecting the equilibrium morphology in solid films, self assembly of copolymer in solutions, and macrophase separation by solvent nonsolvent exchange. Different mechanisms are proposed for different depths of the SNIPS membrane. Block copolymer membranes can be prepared with much narrower pore size distribution than homopolymer membranes. Open questions and indications of what we consider the next development steps are finally discussed. They inc.
Mapping the Racial Inequality in Place: Using Youth Perceptions to Identify Unequal Exposure to Neighborhood Environmental Hazards
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health

Black youth are more likely than white youth to grow up in poor, segregated neighborhoods. This racial inequality in the neighborhood environments of black youth increases their contact with hazardous neighborhood environmental features including violence and toxic exposures that contribute to racial inequality in youth health and well being. While the concept of neighborhood effects has been studied at length by social scientists, this work has not been as frequently situated within an environmental justice (EJ) paradigm. The present study used youth perceptions gained from in depth interviews with youth from one Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania neighborhood to identify neighborhood environmental health hazards. We then mapped these youth identified features to examine how they are spatially and racially distributed across the city. Our results suggest that the intersection of race and poverty, neighborhood disorder, housing abandonment, and crime were salient issues for youth. The maps show support for the youths' assertions that the environments of black and white individuals across the city of Pittsburgh differ in noteworthy ways. This multi lens, mixed method analysis was designed to challenge some of the assumptions we make about addressing environmental inequality using youths' own opinions on the issue to drive our inquiry.
Design and implementation of an efficient hardware integer motion estimator for an HEVC video encoder
Venue: Journal of Real Time Image Processing

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) was developed to improve its predecessor standard, H264/AVC, by doubling its compression efficiency. As in previous standards, Motion Estimation (ME) is one of the encoder critical blocks to achieve significant compression gains. However, it demands an overwhelming complexity cost to accurately remove video temporal redundancy, especially when encoding very high resolution video sequences. To reduce the overall video encoding time, we propose the implementation of the HEVC ME block in hardware. The proposed architecture is based on (a) a new memory scan order, and (b) a new adder tree structure, which supports asymmetric partitioning modes in a fast and efficient way. The proposed system has been designed in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) synthesized and implemented by means of the Xilinx FPGA, Virtex 7 XC7VX550T 3FFG1158. Our design achieves encoding frame rates up to 116 and 30 fps at 2 and 4K video formats, respectively.
The Routledge Handbook of the History of Race and the American Military

PART I Early Encounters: From the Colonial Era to the Mexican American War 1. "So necessary that we could not hold the country without them" Indian and Colonial Military Cooperation in the Colonial Southeast Julie Anne Sweet 2. African Americans and the American Revolution Michael Lee Lanning 3. Race and Republicanism: Understanding the Mindset of the Mexican War Soldier Richard Bruce Winders PART II All for the Union or All for Dixie? Minority Service throughout the Civil War and Reconstruction 4. The Debate before the Fight: Black Northerners and the Question of Enlistment Brian Taylor 5. Warriors or Soldiers? Native American Combatants in the Civil War West Clarissa W. Confer 6. "We Did Our Duty as Men Should" African Americans in the Civil War David J. Williams 7. Race and Irregular Warfare on the Trans Mississippi Border, 1861 1865 Matthew Stith 8. Bottom Rail on Top: Black Union Soldiers in the Army of Occupation, 1865 67 Don Shaffer 9. "Our Brave and Ever to Be Remembered Soldiers" The Contested Legacy of Black Union Military Service in the Post Civil War South Paul Coker PART III From Empire to Ridding the World of Tyranny: Race, Mythology, Culture and War during the early Twentieth Century 10. From Black Regulars to Buffalo Soldiers: The Emergence of a Legend Frank Schubert 11. "Are Not My Men the Same?" Race, Ethnic Identity, and Pawnee Indian Military Service During the Indian Wars Mark van de Logt 12. Buffalo Soldiers in Africa: African American Officers in Liberia, 1910 1942 Brian G. Shellum 13. "Only America Left Her Negro Troops Behind" The African American Military Experience in the First World War John Morrow, Jr. 14. Of Codes and Culture: The Navajo Experience in World War II Robert S. McPherson 15.  Post World War II Politics, Racial Desegregation of the military, the African American Vietnam Experience, and Latino service in the Armed Forces 16. "`The Veterans' Angle'" Ninety third Division Ex GI Vasco Hale, Disability, and the NAACP's Struggle for Fair Housing and Power in Post World War Two Hartford, Connecticut Robert Jefferson, Jr. 17. The Political, the Personal, and the Cold War: Harry Truman and Executive Order 9981 Geoffrey W. Jensen 18. The Navy's Search for Black Officers through ROTC and The Edge of Institutional Change Isaac W. Hampton II 19. African Americans and the Vietnam War Era James Westheider 20. The Right to Bear Arms: Enlisting Chicanos into the U.S. Military, 1940 1980 Steven Rosales
DBSecSys 2.0: a database of Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei secretion systems
Venue: BMC Bioinformatics

BackgroundBurkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are the causative agents of glanders and melioidosis, respectively, diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. B. mallei and B. pseudomallei are closely related genetically; B. mallei evolved from an ancestral strain of B. pseudomallei by genome reduction and adaptation to an obligate intracellular lifestyle. Although these two bacteria cause different diseases, they share multiple virulence factors, including bacterial secretion systems, which represent key components of bacterial pathogenicity. Despite recent progress, the secretion system proteins for B. mallei and B. pseudomallei, their pathogenic mechanisms of action, and host factors are not well characterized.ResultsWe previously developed a manually curated database, DBSecSys, of bacterial secretion system proteins for B. mallei. Here, we report an expansion of the database with corresponding information about B. pseudomallei. DBSecSys 2.0 contains comprehensive literature based and computationally derived information about B. mallei ATCC 23344 and literature based and computationally derived information about B. pseudomallei K96243. The database contains updated information for 163 B. mallei proteins from the previous database and 61 additional B. mallei proteins, and new information for 281 B. pseudomallei proteins associated with 5 secretion systems, their 1,633 human and murine interacting targets, and 2,400 host B. mallei interactions and 2,286 host B. pseudomallei interactions. The database also includes information about 13 pathogenic mechanisms of action for B. mallei and B. pseudomallei secretion system proteins inferred from the available literature or computationally. Additionally, DBSecSys 2.0 provides details about 82 virulence attenuation experiments for 52 B. mallei secretion system proteins and 98 virulence attenuation experiments for 61 B. pseudomallei secretion system proteins. We updated the Web interface and data access layer to speed up users' search of detailed information for orthologous proteins related to secretion systems of the two pathogens.ConclusionsThe updates of DBSecSys 2.0 provide unique capabilities to access comprehensive information about secretion systems of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. They enable studies and comparisons of corresponding proteins of these two closely related pathogens and their host interacting partners.The database is available at http:/dbsecsys.bhsai.org.
Robust Key Generation From Optical OFDM Signal in Indoor VLC Networks
Venue: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

This letter improves the confidentiality of visible light communication links by proposing a robust key generation mechanism for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in an indoor environment. In this letter, we propose to generate keys from the bipolar OFDM samples at the output of optical OFDM systems. We suggest to assign a part of cyclic prefix samples located in the region of small channel effect for keys generation during session period. The proposed scheme generates keys for medium access control (MAC) sublayer and physical layer. It provides high computational security against passive eavesdroppers in the physical level, because each signal frame is encrypted by a different key. So, the encryption in MAC level can be turned off without any risk in security. This setting can enhance the system throughput. Also, the implemented method achieves zero bit disagreement rates with key generation on the fly.
High flow nasal cannula therapy for adult patients
Venue: The Journal of international medical research

High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy has several physiological advantages over traditional oxygen therapy devices, including decreased nasopharyngeal resistance, washing out of the nasopharyngeal dead space, generation of positive pressure in the pharynx, increasing alveolar recruitment in the lungs, humidification of the airways, increased fraction of inspired oxygen and improved mucociliary clearance. Recently, the use of HFNC in treating adult critical illness patients has significantly increased, and it is now being used in many patients with a range of different disease conditions. However, there are no established guidelines to direct the safe and effective use of HFNC for these patients. This review article summarizes the available published literature on the positive physiological effects, mechanisms of action, and the clinical applications of HFNC, compared with traditional oxygen therapy devices. The available literature suggests that HFNC oxygen therapy is an effective modality for the early treatment of critically adult patients.