nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of In Hospital Major Adverse Cardiac Events, New Onset Atrial Fibrillation, and No Reflow Phenomenon in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Venue: Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology

Neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio represents the balance between neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in the body and can be utilized as an index for systemic inflammatory status. The no reflow phenomenon is defined as inadequate myocardial perfusion through a given segment of the coronary circulation without angiographic evidence of mechanical vessel obstruction. Systemic inflammatory status has been associated with new onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) as well as no reflow.  To evaluate the predictive value of N/L ratio for in hospital major adverse events, NOAF, and no reflow in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Patients Two hundred consecutive patients with STEMI presenting to Alexandria Main University Hospital and International Cardiac Center Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, from April 2013 to October 2013 were included in this study.  Laboratory investigation upon admission included complete blood count with mean platelet volume (MPV) and N/L ratio, and random plasma glucose (RPG) level. The results of coronary angiography indicating the infarct related artery (IRA) initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow in the IRA, and the TIMI flow after stenting were recorded. The patients were studied according to the presence of various clinical and laboratory variables, such as age, gender, pain to balloon time, location of the infarction, RPG level and complete blood count including N/L ratio and MPV on admission, and initial TIMI flow in the IRA. They were also evaluated for the final TIMI flow after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention, incidence of NOAF, and the incidence of in hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE)  The incidence rate of no reflow, NOAF, and in hospital MACE was 13.2% 8% and 5% respectively, with cardiac death as the predominant form of in hospital MACE. The group of no reflow, NOAF, and/or MACE showed significantly older age (62.29 7.90 vs 56.30 10.34, P 0.014) longer pain to balloon time (15.90 7.87 vs 6.08 3.82 hours, P 0.001) higher levels of RPG, N/L ratio (8.19 3.05 vs 5.44 3.53, P 0.001) and MPV (11.90 2.09 vs 8.58 1.84 fL, P 0.001) on admission. After adjustment of confounding factors, the independent predictors of NOAF, no reflow, and in hospital MACE were higher N/L ratio (odds ratio [OR] 3.5, P 0.02) and older age (OR 3.1, P 0.04) Conclusions Older patient age, longer pain to balloon time, hyperglycemia, higher N/L ratio, and MPV on admission are useful predictive factors for the occurrence of no reflow postprimary percutaneous coronary intervention, NOAF, and/or in hospital MACE. N/L ratio is a new strong independent predictor of no reflow, NOAF, and/or in hospital MACE in patients with STEMI. The use of this simple routine biomarker may have a potential therapeutic implication in preventing NOAF and improving prognosis in STEMI revascularized patients.
Quantifying skill relevance to job titles
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)

Eliminating or reducing skill gaps in the job market is critical to putting people back to work, reducing the unemployment rate, and increasing the labor market participation rate. A key element in closing the skills gap is accurately identifying the mismatch between the skills expected by employers and those possessed by job seekers. In this study, our goal was to profile job titles by effectively quantifying the relevance of skills. We started by using a naive, frequency based skill ranking approach, which resulted in the most generic skills ranked on the top. We then adapted a number of alternative metrics and compared their performances on a number of job titles. The outcome of this study can support CareerCoach, an analytical solution CareerBuilder has piloted to provide insights and data dashboards to job seekers.
Mapping real time air pollution health risk for environmental management: Combining mobile and stationary air pollution monitoring with neural network models.
Venue: Journal of environmental management

Air pollution poses health concerns at the global scale. The challenge of managing air pollution is significant because of the many air pollutants, insufficient funds for monitoring and abatement programs, and political and social challenges in defining policy to limit emissions. Some governments provide citizens with air pollution health risk information to allow them to limit their exposure. However, many regions still have insufficient air pollution monitoring networks to provide real time mapping. Where available, these risk mapping systems either provide absolute concentration data or the concentrations are used to derive an Air Quality Index, which provides the air pollution risk for a mix of air pollutants with a single value. When risk information is presented as a single value for an entire region it does not inform on the spatial variation within the region. Without an understanding of the local variation residents can only make a partially informed decision when choosing daily activities. The single value is typically provided because of a limited number of active monitoring units in the area. In our work, we overcome this issue by leveraging mobile air pollution monitoring techniques, meteorological information and land use information to map real time air pollution health risks. We propose an approach that can provide improved health risk information to the public by applying neural network models within a framework that is inspired by land use regression. Mobile air pollution monitoring campaigns were conducted across Hamilton from 2005 to 2013. These mobile air pollution data were modelled with a number of predictor variables that included information on the surrounding land use characteristics, the meteorological conditions, air pollution concentrations from fixed location monitors, and traffic information during the time of collection. Fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide were both modelled. During the model fitting process we reserved twenty percent of the data to validate the predictions. The models' performances were measured with a coefficient of determination at 0.78 and 0.34 for PM2.5 and NO2, respectively. We apply a relative importance measure to identify the importance of each variable in the neural network to partially overcome the black box issues of neural network models.
Novel European free living, non diazotrophic Bradyrhizobium isolates from contrasting soils that lack nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes a genome comparison
Venue: Scientific reports

The slow growing genus Bradyrhizobium is biologically important in soils, with different representatives found to perform a range of biochemical functions including photosynthesis, induction of root nodules and symbiotic nitrogen fixation and denitrification. Consequently, the role of the genus in soil ecology and biogeochemical transformations is of agricultural and environmental significance. Some isolates of Bradyrhizobium have been shown to be non symbiotic and do not possess the ability to form nodules. Here we present the genome and gene annotations of two such free living Bradyrhizobium isolates, named G22 and BF49, from soils with differing long term management regimes (grassland and bare fallow respectively) in addition to carbon metabolism analysis. These Bradyrhizobium isolates are the first to be isolated and sequenced from European soil and are the first free living Bradyrhizobium isolates, lacking both nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes, to have their genomes sequenced and assembled from cultured samples. The G22 and BF49 genomes are distinctly different with respect to size and number of genes; the grassland isolate also contains a plasmid. There are also a number of functional differences between these isolates and other published genomes, suggesting that this ubiquitous genus is extremely heterogeneous and has roles within the community not including symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Biofeedback assisted relaxation training helps women with breast cancer after mastectomy: Effects of EMG HRV biofeedback on psychological symptoms

The aim of present research was to investigate the effects of EMG HRV biofeedback assisted relaxation training on psychological and physiological symptoms of breast cancer women after mastectomy.  About 14 breast cancer women in one of the Tehran hospital's in patient service were chosen and divided to experimental and control groups. Informed consent was provided from subjects and research design approved in the Ethics' Committee of Semnan University. Measures of DASS scale were gathered from all subjects before any intervention and experimental group were received 8 sessions of biofeedback assisted relaxation training over 4 weeks interval, whereas no intervention made on control group. All patients were asked again to complete the DASS scale afterwards. Indices of smooth artifact free sEMG and HRV biofeedback were recorded using a Biofeedback 2000 x pert system Version 4.  Data were extracted and analyzed by GLM statistical analysis.  Results were shown significantly differences for depression, anxiety and stress measures after 8 sessions biofeedback treatment. Significantly differences were also observed in the sEMG and HRV measures of two groups during baseline (0) middle phase (4) and termination phase (8) of the training sessions with better results for experimental subjects as well. It was concluded that biofeedback assisted relaxation training could effectively decrease negative psychological symptoms of the breast cancer patients after mastectomy due to EMG HRV positive changes.
A service network design model for multimodal municipal solid waste transport
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

A modal shift from road transport towards inland water or rail transport could reduce the total Green House Gas emissions and societal impact associated with Municipal Solid Waste management. However, this shift will take place only if demonstrated to be at least cost neutral for the decision makers. In this paper we examine the feasibility of using multimodal truck and inland water transport, instead of truck transport, for shipping separated household waste in bulk from collection centres to waste treatment facilities. We present a dynamic tactical planning model that minimises the sum of transportation costs, external environmental and societal costs. The Municipal Solid Waste Service Network Design Problem allocates Municipal Solid Waste volumes to transport modes and determines transportation frequencies over a planning horizon. This generic model is applied to a real life case in Flanders, the northern region of Belgium. Computational results show that multimodal truck and inland water transportation can compete with truck transport by avoiding or reducing transhipments and using barge convoys.
It's Too Complicated: How the Internet Upends Katz, Smith, and Electronic Surveillance Law

For more than forty years, electronic surveillance law in the United States developed under constitutional and statutory regimes that, given the technology of the day, distinguished content from metadata with ease and certainty. The stability of these legal regimes and the distinctions they facilitated was enabled by the relative stability of these types of data in the traditional telephone network and their obviousness to users. But what happens to these legal frameworks when they confront the Internet? The Internet's complex architecture creates a communication environment where any given individual unit of data may change its status from content to non content or visa versa as it progresses Internet's layered network stack while traveling from sender to recipient. The unstable, transient status of data traversing the Internet is compounded by the fact that the content or non content status of any individual unit of data may also depend upon where in the network that unit resides when the question is asked. In this IP based communications environment, the once stable legal distinction between content and non content has steadily eroded to the point of collapse, destroying in its wake any meaningful application of the third party doctrine. Simply put, the world of Katz and Smith and the corresponding statutes that codify the content/non content distinction and the third party doctrine are no longer capable of accounting for and regulating law enforcement access to data in an IP mediated communications environment. Building on a deep technical analysis of the Internet architecture, we define new terms, communicative content, architectural content, and architectural metadata, that better reflect the structure of the Internet, and use them to explain why and how we now find ourselves bereft of the once reliable support these foundational legal structures provided. Ultimately, we demonstrate the urgent need for development of new rules and principles capable of regulating law enforcement access to IP based communications data.
Metastatic liver tumour segmentation with a neural network guided 3D deformable model
Venue: Medical Biological Engineering Computing

The segmentation of liver tumours in CT images is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Furthermore, an accurate assessment of tumour volume aids in the diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response. Currently, segmentation is performed manually by an expert, and because of the time required, a rough estimate of tumour volume is often done instead. We propose a semi automatic segmentation method that makes use of machine learning within a deformable surface model. Specifically, we propose a deformable model that uses a voxel classifier based on a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to interpret the CT image. The new deformable model considers vertex displacement towards apparent tumour boundaries and regularization that promotes surface smoothness. During operation, a user identifies the target tumour and the mesh then automatically delineates the tumour from the MLP processed image. The method was tested on a dataset of 40 abdominal CT scans with a total of 95 colorectal metastases collected from a variety of scanners with variable spatial resolution. The segmentation results are encouraging with a Dice similarity metric of $0.80 \pm 0.11$$0.80+ 0.11 and demonstrates that the proposed method can deal with highly variable data. This work motivates further research into tumour segmentation using machine learning with more data and deeper neural networks.
'Why should I worry, since I have healthy feet? A qualitative study exploring barriers to use of footwear among rural community members in northern Ethiopia
Venue: BMJ Open

To explore the influence of personal, cultural and socioeconomic factors related to footwear use and non use in northern Ethiopia.  A qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions and in depth individual interviews. Data were collected using semistructured interview guides.  The study was conducted in East and West Gojjam Zones, Amhara region, northwest Ethiopia.  A total of 91 individuals from 4 target groups participated in individual and group interviews: (1) non affected community leaders including Idir (a form of social insurance) leaders, school principals, kebele (the lowest administrative unit) officials, health professionals, teachers, merchants and religious leaders; (2) affected men and women; (3) non affected men and women not in leadership positions; and (4) school children (both male and female)  Participants perceived a range of health benefits from donning footwear, including protection against injury and cold. Various types of shoes are available within the community, and their use varied depending on the nature of activities and the season. Personal and socioeconomic barriers hindered the desire to consistently use footwear. Widely established barefoot traditions and beliefs that footwear is uncomfortable, heavy and may weaken the feet have made the regular use of footwear uncommon. Economic constraints were also mentioned as hindering ownership and use of footwear. Distance from places where shoes could be bought also contributed to limited access. Cultural influences promoting gender inequality resulted in women being least able to access shoes.  We identified several individual, cultural and socioeconomic barriers that influence individuals' decisions about and use of footwear in rural northern Ethiopia. Promoting education on the health benefits of footwear, curbing podoconiosis related misconceptions and integrating these with economic empowerment programmes, may all improve the use of footwear.
Slope reliability analysis using surrogate models via new support vector machines with swarm intelligence

Surrogate model methods are attractive ways to improve the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for structural reliability analysis. An intelligent surrogate model based method for slope system reliability analysis is presented in this study. The novel machine learning technique n support vector machine (n SVM) is adopted to establish the surrogate model to predict the factor of safety via the samples generated by Latin hypercube sampling. Global optimization algorithms particle swarm optimization and artificial bee colony algorithm are adopted to select the hyper parameters of n SVM model. The applicability of the n SVM based surrogate model for slope system reliability analysis is tested on four examples with obvious system effects. It is found that the proposed surrogate model combined with MCS can achieve accurate system failure probability evaluation using fewer deterministic slope stability analyzes than other approaches.
Evaluating slope stability uncertainty using coupled Markov chain

Geological uncertainty appears in the form of one soil layer embedded in another or the inclusion of pockets of different soil type within a more uniform soil mass. Uncertainty in factor of safety (FS) and probability of failure (Pf) of slope induced by the geological uncertainty is not well studied in the past. This paper presents one approach to evaluate the uncertainty in FS and Pf of slope in the presence of geological uncertainty using borehole data. The geological uncertainty is simulated by an efficient coupled Markov chain (CMC) model. Slope stability analysis is then conducted based on the simulated heterogeneous soils. Effect of borehole layout schemes on uncertainty evaluation of FS and Pf is investigated. The results show that borehole within influence zone of the slope is essential for a precise evaluation of FS statistics and Pf. The mean of FS will converge to the correct answer as the borehole number increases.
A Monte Carlo technique in safety assessment of slope under seismic condition
Venue: Engineering with Computers

In geotechnical engineering, stabilization of slopes is one of the significant issues that needs to be considered especially in seismic situation. Evaluation and precise prediction of factor of safety (FOS) of slopes can be useful for designing/analyzing very important structures such as dams and highways. Hence, in the present study, an attempt has been done to evaluate/predict FOS of many homogenous slopes in different conditions using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique. For achieving this aim, the most important parameters on the FOS were investigated, and finally, slope height (H) slope angle (a) cohesion (C) angle of internal friction \varnothing$ and peak ground acceleration (PGA) were selected as model inputs to estimate FOS values. In the first step of analysis, a multiple linear regression (MLR) equation was developed and then it was used for evaluation and prediction by MC technique. Generally, MC model simulated FOS of less than 1.18, lower and higher than measured and predicted FOS values, respectively. However, the results of MC simulation for the FOS values of more than 1.33, is higher than those measured and predicted FOS values. As a result, the mean of FOS values simulated by MC was very close to the mean of actual FOS values. Moreover, results of sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the \varnothing$ among other parameters, is the most effective one on FOS. The obtained results indicated that MC is a reliable approach for evaluating and estimating FOS of slopes with high degree of performance.
Ogretim Yonetim Sisteminde Cevrimici Okumayla Ingilizce Deyim Ogrenimi: Etimolojik Aciklamalarla Gorsel Destegin Karsilastirilmasi

Bu calisma tanim etimolojik aciklamalara karsin tanim gorsel destegin Ingilizcede deyim ogrenimine etkisini karsilastirmayi amaclamaktadir. Anadili Turkce olan 121 Ingiliz dili ogrencisi iki farkli cevrimici derse kaydedilmistir. Uygulama oncesi verilen sozcuk bilgisi olcegi, her iki gruptaki ogrencilerin deyimlerin neredeyse tamamini bilmedigini ortaya cikarmistir. Her iki gruptaki ogrenciler 18 deyim iceren 17 parca okumuslardir. Birinci deney grubunda katilimcilara koprulenmis aciklama seklinde deyimin tanimiyla birlikte etimolojik bilgi verilirken, ikinci deney grubunda koprulenmis aciklama seklinde verilen tanima ek olarak deyimle ilgili gorseller metin uzerinde verilmistir. Son test puanlarinin Mann Whitney U testi ile karsilastirilmasi sonucunda gruplar arasinda anlamli bir fark olmadigi gorulmustur, (U= 1786.000, p .819)
Universally Composable (Non Interactive) Two Party Computation from Untrusted Reusable Hardware Tokens
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.

Universally composable protocols provide security even in highly complex environments like the Internet. Without setup assumptions, however, UC secure realizations of cryptographic tasks are impossible. To achieve efficient protocols, practical setup assumptions are needed. Tamper proof hardware tokens, e.g. smart cards and USB tokens, can be used for this purpose. Apart from the fact that they are widely available, they are also cheap to manufacture and well understood. However, currently considered protocols based on tamper proof hardware require a protocolspecific functionality of the hardware which cannot be reused for other protocols. For this to become possible, in addition to a versatile functionality, the hardware has to be modeled as a global setup. We propose the first formalization of tamper proof hardware as an untrusted global setup assumption. Based on this setup, we construct protocols for both UC secure two party computation and UC secure non interactive secure computation. The token functionality that we choose is a simple signature functionality, i.e. our protocols can be realized with currently available signature cards.