nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating microRNA levels predict residual beta cell function and glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Venue: Diabetologia

aimed to identify circulating microRNA (miRNA) that predicts clinical progression in a cohort of 123 children with new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsPlasma samples were prospectively obtained at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 60 months after diagnosis from a subset of 40 children from the Danish Remission Phase Cohort, and profiled for miRNAs. At the same time points, meal stimulated C peptide and HbA1c levels were measured and insulin dose adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c) calculated. miRNAs that at 3 months after diagnosis predicted residual beta cell function and glycaemic control in this subgroup were further validated in the remaining cohort (n 83) Statistical analysis of miRNA prediction for disease progression was performed by multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex.ResultsIn the discovery analysis, six miRNAs (hsa miR 24 3p, hsa miR 146a 5p, hsa miR 194 5p, hsa miR 197 3p, hsa miR 301a 3p and hsa miR 375) at 3 months correlated with residual beta cell function 6 12 months after diagnosis. Stimulated C peptide at 12 months was predicted by hsa miR 197 3p at 3 months (p 0.034) A doubling of this miRNA level corresponded to a sixfold higher stimulated C peptide level. In addition, a doubling of hsa miR 24 3p and hsa miR 146a 5p levels at 3 months corresponded to a 4.2% (p 0.014) and 3.5% (p 0.022) lower IDAA1c value at 12 months. Analysis of the remaining cohort confirmed the initial finding for hsa miR 197 3p (p 0.018) The target genes for the six miRNAs revealed significant enrichment for pathways related to gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor and angiogenesis pathways.interpretationThe miRNA hsa miR 197 3p at 3 months was the strongest predictor of residual beta cell function 1 year after diagnosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Psychiatric Disorders and Health Related Quality of Life in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Venue: Psychosomatics

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic condition with major effect on health related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health. In 1990s, high rates of psychiatric disorders were reported among children with T1DM. Little is known, however, about current prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with T1DM and the relation between psychiatric diagnosis and HRQoL.  The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) psychiatric disorders and the association between psychiatric comorbidity and HRQoL in the pediatric population with T1DM.  We conducted a cross sectional study of 207 children, aged 8 18 years, diagnosed with T1DM. The presence of psychiatric disorders has been assessed by the standard diagnostic interview according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision) criteria. HRQoL was measured by the general and diabetes mellitus specific modules of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory.  Of the evaluated patients, 26.6% (N 55) met the criteria for psychiatric disorders at the time of evaluation. The most common diagnoses were anxiety (N 32; 15.5% and mood disorders (N 8; 3.9% One third of the patients (N 66, 31.9% met the criteria for at least 1 psychiatric diagnosis in their lifetime. The presence of psychiatric disorders was related to an elevated hemoglobin A1c level (8.6% vs 7.6% and a lowered HRQoL level in the general pediatric quality of life inventory. In the diabetes mellitus specific pediatric quality of life inventory, children with psychiatric disorders revealed more symptoms of diabetes mellitus, treatment barriers, and lower adherence than children without psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS T1DM in children is associated with a very high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity, which is related to elevated hemoglobin A1c and lower HRQoL levels.
Sex is a Funny Word: A Book about Bodies, Feelings, and YOU by C. Silverberg F. Smyth

Silverberg, Cory and Fiona Smyth. Sex is a Funny Word: A Book about Bodies, Feelings, and YOU New York: Seven Stories Press, 2015. Having a penis isn't what makes you a boy. Having a vulva isn't what makes you a girl. The truth is much more interesting than that!" In a watershed year for transgender activism, Cory Silverberg and Fiona Smyth have broken ground with their trans inclusive sex education book Sex is a Funny Word. This new release follows a cast of four 8 10 year old kids, including gender queer Zai, as they learn about and explore that strange and funny word sex. Throughout the book, Smyth's illustrations employ bright, opaque and high contrast colours to great effect, and readers are exposed to characters of wonderfully diverse abilities, races, shapes and sexualities. It is however reductive to merely draw attention to the diversity in Sex is a Funny Word as a wide gamut of topics are discussed with age appropriate aplomb, including anatomy, "touch" and relationships. Silverberg's opening notes to adult readers provide tips for co reading the book with children, explaining that the text is meant to be read over many sittings to aid comprehension and reflection. By bookending each chapter with interactive questions, readers identify and reflect on personal morals anchored in four concepts trust, respect, joy and justice. These questions do the hard work for parents, who can defer to one of the lively and inquisitive characters for discussion points. Moreover, the only sexual activity mentioned in this book is masturbation, so even the most squeamish adult readers should feel comfortable co reading Sex is a Funny Word Sex is a Funny Word is the second of a three part, age specific sex education series written by Silverberg and illustrated by Smyth. Those with younger children can find reproduction discussed in What Makes a Baby while intercourse will specifically be covered in the series' next title. For a positive, fun and healthy introduction to these concepts, parents and librarians will be well served by seeking out Sex is a Funny Word for their collection.  He graduated with his MLIS from the University of Alberta in June 2015, and is passionate about diversity in children's and youth literature.
Learning a Probabilistic Latent Space of Object Shapes via 3D Generative Adversarial Modeling
Venue: NIPS

We study the problem of 3D object generation. We propose a novel framework, namely 3D Generative Adversarial Network (3D GAN) which generates 3D objects from a probabilistic space by leveraging recent advances in volumetric convolutional networks and generative adversarial nets. The benefits of our model are three fold: first, the use of an adversarial criterion, instead of traditional heuristic criteria, enables the generator to capture object structure implicitly and to synthesize high quality 3D objects; second, the generator establishes a mapping from a low dimensional probabilistic space to the space of 3D objects, so that we can sample objects without a reference image or CAD models, and explore the 3D object manifold; third, the adversarial discriminator provides a powerful 3D shape descriptor which, learned without supervision, has wide applications in 3D object recognition. Experiments demonstrate that our method generates high quality 3D objects, and our unsupervisedly learned features achieve impressive performance on 3D object recognition, comparable with those of supervised learning methods.
Quantized Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Devices
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have demonstrated impressive performance in various computer vision tasks. However, high performance hardware is typically indispensable for the application of CNN models due to the high computation complexity, which prohibits their further extensions. In this paper, we propose an efficient framework, namely Quantized CNN, to simultaneously speed up the computation and reduce the storage and memory overhead of CNN models. Both filter kernels in convolutional layers and weighting matrices in fully connected layers are quantized, aiming at minimizing the estimation error of each layer's response. Extensive experiments on the ILSVRC 12 benchmark demonstrate 4 6x speed up and 15 20x compression with merely one percentage loss of classification accuracy. With our quantized CNN model, even mobile devices can accurately classify images within one second.
The effect of spatial resolution on decoding accuracy in fMRI multivariate pattern analysis
Venue: NeuroImage

Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) in fMRI has been used to extract information from distributed cortical activation patterns, which may go undetected in conventional univariate analysis. However, little is known about the physical and physiological underpinnings of MVPA in fMRI as well as about the effect of spatial smoothing on its performance. Several studies have addressed these issues, but their investigation was limited to the visual cortex at 3T with conflicting results. Here, we used ultra high field (7T) fMRI to investigate the effect of spatial resolution and smoothing on decoding of speech content (vowels) and speaker identity from auditory cortical responses. To that end, we acquired high resolution (1.1mm isotropic) fMRI data and additionally reconstructed them at 2.2 and 3.3mm in plane spatial resolutions from the original k space data. Furthermore, the data at each resolution were spatially smoothed with different 3D Gaussian kernel sizes (i.e. no smoothing or 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4, or 8.8mm kernels) For all spatial resolutions and smoothing kernels, we demonstrate the feasibility of decoding speech content (vowel) and speaker identity at 7T using support vector machine (SVM) MVPA. In addition, we found that high spatial frequencies are informative for vowel decoding and that the relative contribution of high and low spatial frequencies is different across the two decoding tasks. Moderate smoothing (up to 2.2mm) improved the accuracies for both decoding of vowels and speakers, possibly due to reduction of noise (e.g. residual motion artifacts or instrument noise) while still preserving information at high spatial frequency. In summary, our results show that even with the same stimuli and within the same brain areas the optimal spatial resolution for MVPA in fMRI depends on the specific decoding task of interest.
Struck: Structured Output Tracking with Kernels
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Adaptive tracking by detection methods are widely used in computer vision for tracking arbitrary objects. Current approaches treat the tracking problem as a classification task and use online learning techniques to update the object model. However, for these updates to happen one needs to convert the estimated object position into a set of labelled training examples, and it is not clear how best to perform this intermediate step. Furthermore, the objective for the classifier (label prediction) is not explicitly coupled to the objective for the tracker (estimation of object position) In this paper, we present a framework for adaptive visual object tracking based on structured output prediction. By explicitly allowing the output space to express the needs of the tracker, we avoid the need for an intermediate classification step. Our method uses a kernelised structured output support vector machine (SVM) which is learned online to provide adaptive tracking. To allow our tracker to run at high frame rates, we (a) introduce a budgeting mechanism that prevents the unbounded growth in the number of support vectors that would otherwise occur during tracking, and (b) show how to implement tracking on the GPU. Experimentally, we show that our algorithm is able to outperform state of the art trackers on various benchmark videos. Additionally, we show that we can easily incorporate additional features and kernels into our framework, which results in increased tracking performance.
Evolution potentielle du danger d'incendie de foret dans le contexte des changements climatiques

Chaque annee en Suisse, une centaine de feux de foret sont enregistres principalement dans les Alpes et environ 300 hectares partent en fumee. Ces feux ont des consequences sur les fonctions de l'ecosysteme ils peuvent declencher des processus d'erosion et compromettre la fonction protectrice des forets. Afin de maitriser ce phenomene, il faut evaluer le futur potentiel de danger d'incendie de foret. Le potentiel d'incendie a ete calcule sur la base des indices de danger d'incendie courants et d'une nouvelle methode intitulee FireNiche Les estimations realisees avec trois modeles climatiques (CLM, RCA et RegCM) prevoient une situation quasi inchangee durant la periode de repos de la vegetation (decembre a avril) pour le XXIe siecle. Il semble toutefois que les projections climatiques ne soient pas en mesure de simuler adequatement le foehn, qui accroit le danger d'incendie au sud des Alpes. D'apres les previsions, le danger d'incendie durant les mois de mai a novembre augmentera de maniere generale vers la fin du siecle. La probabilite de declenchement d'incendies de foret causes par la foudre ainsi que les surfaces brulees pourraient fortement augmenter dans le Sopraceneri et la Mesolcina. Avec la projection climatique la plus seche, la methode FireNiche prevoit une forte augmentation des incendies d'origine anthropique dans la vallee de l'Aar et zones de basse altitude du canton de Berne, moderee au Tessin et en Engadine et un accroissement des surfaces brulees pendant l'ete en Valais. Ce chapitre donne aussi un apercu des facteurs non climatiques qui favorisent les incendies (cadre legal et socioeconomique, comportement de la population) et qui n'ont pas ete pris en compte dans les estimations. A l'avenir, une collaboration etroite entre les autorites forestieres federales et cantonales et les organisations impliquees dans la lutte contre les incendies sera indispensable pour evaluer efficacement le danger d'incendie de foret, sensibiliser le public et edicter des dispositions sur la gestion du combustible dans les regions a risque.
Modifications potentielles de la surface terriere a l'echelle du peuplement dans le contexte des changements climatiques

La croissance des arbres a l'echelle du peuplement est un revelateur de la productivite de la foret qui permet de mesurer nombre de biens et services de l'ecosysteme forestier sollicites par l'homme. Lorsque la croissance des peuplements se modifie, il faut souvent adapter l'exploitation de la foret pour assurer son caractere durable. Ces dernieres decennies, la productivite de la foret en Europe a augmente sous l'influence des changements climatiques d'origine anthropique. Comme il n'est pas certain que l'on puisse utiliser les conclusions tirees du passe pour evaluer le developpement futur des peuplements, de nouvelles approches sont necessaires. Ainsi, un modele de dynamique forestiere a ete utilise pour etudier la sensibilite de 71 peuplements typiques de Suisse aux changements climatiques du XXIe siecle, tout en tenant compte de la gestion forestiere actuelle. Les simulations montrent que la plupart des peuplements ne reagiront pratiquement pas jusqu'au milieu du siecle, mais que la surface terriere a basse altitude diminuera avec les nouvelles conditions climatiques vers la fin du siecle, en particulier a cause du recul de l'epicea et du hetre. A haute altitude, la croissance des arbres sera en revanche plus importante et pourrait etre renforcee par des mesures de gestion forestiere telles que pratiquees aujourd'hui. Bien que la sensibilite des peuplements forestiers soit principalement liee a l'altitude, leur reaction depend de beaucoup d'autres facteurs comme le climat regional, les conditions pedologiques locales et la composition en essences forestieres. Si cette approche tient suffisamment compte des conditions stationnelles dans l'analyse, elle permet non seulement d'evaluer le developpement des peuplements mais aussi de planifier la gestion forestiere future.
The War on Drugs That Wasn't: Wasted Whiteness, "Dirty Doctors," and Race in Media Coverage of Prescription Opioid Misuse
Venue: Culture, medicine and psychiatry

The past decade in the U.S. has been marked by a media fascination with the white prescription opioid cum heroin user. In this paper, we contrast media coverage of white non medical opioid users with that of black and brown heroin users to show how divergent representations lead to different public and policy responses. A content analysis of 100 popular press articles from 2001 and 2011 in which half describe heroin users and half describe prescription opioid users revealed a consistent contrast between criminalized urban black and Latino heroin injectors with sympathetic portrayals of suburban white prescription opioid users. Media coverage of the suburban and rural opioid "epidemic" of the 2000s helped draw a symbolic, and then legal, distinction between (urban) heroin addiction and (suburban and rural) prescription opioid addiction that is reminiscent of the legal distinction between crack cocaine and powder cocaine of the 1980s and 1990s. This distinction reinforces the racialized deployment of the War on Drugs and is sustained by the lack of explicit discussion of race in the service of "color blind ideology." We suggest potential correctives to these racially divergent patterns, in the form of socially responsible media practices and of clinical engagement with public policy.
Brainstem Circuitry and Emotions

The human brainstem forms the central axis of the brain and serves as an integrative hub for major critical processes for the individual's survival and homeostasis. Extending within the brainstem's tegmentum and basal forebrain, the reticular formation constitutes a subcortical network of diffusely arranged nuclei projecting throughout the entire central nervous system. These include the noradrenergic locus ceruleus in the pons; the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus and dopaminergic substantia nigra in the midbrain; and the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal forebrain. Here we review the neuroanatomical and functional properties of the reticular formation and provide evidence demonstrating its crucial role in mediating neuropsychiatric functions including sleep homeostasis and mood disorders. Overall, a better understanding of the reticular formation properties and vulnerability in brain disorders will provide the necessary foundation for the development of therapies targeting these systems.
Density Estimation via Discrepancy Based Adaptive Sequential Partition
Venue: NIPS

Given iid observations from an unknown absolute continuous distribution defined on some domain O, we propose a nonparametric method to learn a piecewise constant function to approximate the underlying probability density function. Our density estimate is a piecewise constant function defined on a binary partition of O. The key ingredient of the algorithm is to use discrepancy, a concept originates from Quasi Monte Carlo analysis, to control the partition process. The resulting algorithm is simple, efficient, and has a provable convergence rate. We empirically demonstrate its efficiency as a density estimation method. We also show how it can be utilized to find good initializations for k means.
LA UTILIZACION DE LOS BLOGS COMO RECURSO EDUCATIVO EN LA ASIGNATURA DE CIENCIAS PARA EL MUNDO CONTEMPORANEO

Las herramientas de la Web 2.0 estan presentes en el dia a dia de nuestra vida. La escuela no es ajena a este fenomeno De todo el repertorio de recursos educativos aparecidos, seguramente sean los blogs los que mas exito y repercusion estan teniendo en el ambito escolar. En el presente trabajo presentamos una experiencia de utilizacion de blogs por parte de alumnos de 1o de Bachillerato en concreto, en la asignatura de Ciencias para el Mundo Contemporaneo. Posteriormente, realizamos un analisis de las fortalezas y debilidades observadas en el desarrollo de la misma.
Anthropometric Analysis of the Velopharynx and Related Craniometric Dimensions in Three Adult Populations Using MRI
Venue: The Cleft palate craniofacial journal official publication of the American Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association

The purpose of this study is to examine effects of sex, race, and craniometry among three distinct racial groups of adults with normal velopharyngeal anatomy and to determine whether craniofacial structures could be used to predict velopharyngeal structures.  A total of 88 adults across three racial groups including white, black, and Asian (Japanese) participated. Magnetic resonance images were obtained using a high resolution, three dimensional anatomical scan. Measurements were obtained on the levator veli palatini muscle, velum, and craniofacial structures.  Head circumference was used as a covariate to control the effect of overall cranial size on the analyses. Palate height, linear cranial base, and face height and width vary based on sex, with men demonstrating larger values compared with women. Linear base values, cranial base angle, and face width vary significantly based on race, with Japanese subjects showing the smallest anterior to posterior measures and larger face width values. Levator muscle measures, excluding angle measures, vary significantly (P .0001) based on sex. There was no statistically significant difference (P .05) among racial groups in the levator muscle measures. Velar length and thickness varied significantly based on race and sex.  This is the first study to examine the interaction of race and sex on levator muscle morphology. In spite of the differences in velar dimensions, no significant differences were found in muscle size, specifically the levator veli palatini, which is contained within the velum.
Gender Role, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in CAIS "XY Women" Compared With Subfertile and Infertile 46,XX Women
Venue: Journal of sex research

The perception of gender development of individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) as unambiguously female has recently been challenged in both qualitative data and case reports of male gender identity. The aim of the mixed method study presented was to examine the self perception of CAIS individuals regarding different aspects of gender and to identify commonalities and differences in comparison with subfertile and infertile XX chromosomal women with diagnoses of Mayer Rokitansky Kuster Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) The study sample comprised 11 participants with CAIS, 49 with MRKHS, and 55 with PCOS. Gender identity was assessed by means of a multidimensional instrument, which showed significant differences between the CAIS group and the XX chromosomal women. Other than female gender roles and neither female nor male sexes/genders were reported only by individuals with CAIS. The percentage with a not exclusively androphile sexual orientation was unexceptionally high in the CAIS group compared to the prevalence in "normative" women and the clinical groups. The findings support the assumption made by Meyer Bahlburg (2010) that gender outcome in people with CAIS is more variable than generally stated. Parents and professionals should thus be open to courses of gender development other than typically female in individuals with CAIS.