nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Logistics centres of eastern Poland in the Pan European transport corridor no. 2

Moving the customs border of the European Union on to the line of the Bug river and the appearance of foreign investors in the eastern Poland in the impact area of the No. 2 Pan European Transport Corridor has created new opportunities for development in the recent years. This article aims to characterize logistical centres and their potential on the example of eastern Poland's No. 2. Pan European Transport Corridor's area. The analysis of the nature and function of the logistical centre leads the author to derive his own definition of a logistical centre. keYWOrDs logistics centre, transport cooperation, European integration, Pan European Transport Corridor No. 2, transport infrastructure, highway A2
Doing Gender, Paying Low: Gender, Class and Work Life Balance in Aged Care

This article examines how interactions between the doing of gender and class at institutional and organizational levels perpetuate inequality for aged care workers. In particular, it investigates how managers 'do gender' and class in relation to their care workers' work life balance and the unintended consequences of this for aged care workers. The research data comprised interviews with female managers and aged care workers from four case studies in residential aged care in New Zealand. We argue that despite best intentions, the consequences of managers' doing gender and class results in continuing low wages, poor work life balance and disempowerment at work for aged care workers.
Hierarchical Program Paths
Venue: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol.

Complete dynamic control flow is a fundamental kind of execution profile about program executions with a wide range of applications. Tracing the dynamic control flow of program executions for a brief period easily generates a trace consisting of billions of control flow events. The number of events in such a trace is large, making both path tracing and path querying to incur significant slowdowns. A major class of path tracing techniques is to design novel trace representations that can be generated efficiently, and encode the inputted sequences of such events so that the inputted sequences are still derivable from the encoded and smaller representations. The control flow semantics in such representations have, however, become obscure, which makes implementing path queries on such a representation inefficient and the design of such queries complicated. We propose a novel two phase path tracing framework Hierarchical Program Path (HPP) to model the complete dynamic control flow of an arbitrary number of executions of a program. In Phase 1, HPP monitors each execution, and efficiently generates a stream of events, namely HPPTree, representing a novel tree based representation of control flow for each thread of control in the execution. In Phase 2, given a set of such event streams, HPP identifies all the equivalent instances of the same exercised interprocedural path in all the corresponding HPPTree instances, and represents each such equivalent set of paths with a single subgraph, resulting in our compositional graph based trace representation, namely, HPPDAG. Thus, an HPPDAG instance has the potential to be significantly smaller in size than the corresponding HPPTree instances, and still completely preserves the control flow semantics of the traced executions. Control flow queries over all the traced executions can also be directly performed on the single HPPDAG instance instead of separately processing the trace representation of each execution followed by aggregating their results. We validate HPP using the SPLASH2 and SPECint 2006 benchmarks. Compared to the existing technique, named BLPT (Ball Larus based Path Tracing) HPP generates significantly smaller trace representations and incurs fewer slowdowns to the native executions in online tracing of Phase 1. The HPPDAG instances generated in Phase 2 are significantly smaller than their corresponding BLPT and HPPTree traces. We show that HPPDAG supports efficient backtrace querying, which is a representative path query based on complete control flow trace. Finally, we illustrate the ease of use of HPPDAG by building a novel and highly efficient path profiling technique to demonstrate the applicability of HPPDAG.
A framework for first year curriculum design and pedagogy: Intersecting the threshold learning outcomes, disciplinary knowledge and the first year pedagogy principles

The intersections between disciplinary knowledge, Threshold Learning Outcomes (TLOs) and first year pedagogy principles remain largely unexplored in the Australian context. This paper reviews how these perspectives developed, their implications for quality assurance and the ways they can be integrated to facilitate students' learning. The paper introduces a project funded by the Australian Government Office of Learning and Teaching (OLT) Renewing first year curriculum for social sciences and humanities. The project investigated what students need to learn in their disciplines in first year so that, upon graduation, they are able to demonstrate their discipline TLOs. The framework developed by the project positions and visualises the connections between the three perspectives and how they can be linked to assist academics to design curricula that not only enable first year students to engage with the changed ways of thinking and studying at university but also with their discipline knowledge and requirements.
Exploring social dimensions of municipal solid waste management around the globe A systematic literature review.
Venue: Waste management

Currently, municipal solid waste (MSW) is experiencing a massive increase in both the amount and composition throughout the world. Effective and efficient MSW management has been widely accepted as an emergent factor for future social development, which requires not only technical innovation, but also the involvement of all stakeholders as well as social, economic, and psychological components. On account of this reality, there is an urgent need for research related to the social dimensions of MSW management. In this paper, a systematic literature review was carried out to characterize and critically evaluate the published literature on the social dimensions of MSW management from 1980 to 2014 in terms of vulnerability, public participation, public attitude and behavior, and policy. A keyword search was first performed by using the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science, which retrieves 1843 documents. After removing the papers that were not closely related to the topic, 200 articles were retained for an in depth review. In each category, major research issues and observations were summarized, and important insights were obtained. Besides compiling a related list of key references, the analysis results indicate that the global distribution of social dimensions reports on MSW management is inequitable and the research on the social dimensions of MSW management is insufficient, which may attract increased research interest and attention.
Foundations for Streaming Model Transformations by Complex Event Processing
Venue: Software Systems Modeling

Streaming model transformations represent a novel class of transformations to manipulate models whose elements are continuously produced or modified in high volume and with rapid rate of change. Executing streaming transformations requires efficient techniques to recognize activated transformation rules over a live model and a potentially infinite stream of events. In this paper, we propose foundations of streaming model transformations by innovatively integrating incremental model query, complex event processing (CEP) and reactive (event driven) transformation techniques. Complex event processing allows to identify relevant patterns and sequences of events over an event stream. Our approach enables event streams to include model change events which are automatically and continuously populated by incremental model queries. Furthermore, a reactive rule engine carries out transformations on identified complex event patterns. We provide an integrated domain specific language with precise semantics for capturing complex event patterns and streaming transformations together with an execution engine, all of which is now part of the Viatra reactive transformation framework. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach with two case studies: one in an advanced model engineering workflow; and one in the context of on the fly gesture recognition.
Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Plant growth requires acquisition of soil nutrients in a patchy environment. Nutrient patches may be actively foraged by symbioses comprising roots and mycorrhizal fungi. Here, we show that thicker root tree species (e.g. tulip poplar, pine) respond weakly or not at all to nutrient heterogeneity. In contrast, thinner root tree species readily respond by selectively growing roots [arbuscular mycorrhizal trees (e.g. maple) or mycorrhizal fungal hyphae [ectomycorrhizal trees (e.g. oak) in nutrient rich "hotspots." Our results thus indicate predictable patterns of nutrient foraging among tree species with contrasting mycorrhiza types and root morphologies. These findings can pave the way for a more holistic understanding of root microbial function, which is critical to plant growth and biogeochemical cycles in forested ecosystems. Photosynthesis by leaves and acquisition of water and minerals by roots are required for plant growth, which is a key component of many ecosystem functions. Although the role of leaf functional traits in photosynthesis is generally well understood, the relationship of root functional traits to nutrient uptake is not. In particular, predictions of nutrient acquisition strategies from specific root traits are often vague. Roots of nearly all plants cooperate with mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient acquisition. Most tree species form symbioses with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Nutrients are distributed heterogeneously in the soil, and nutrient rich "hotspots" can be a key source for plants. Thus, predicting the foraging strategies that enable mycorrhizal root systems to exploit these hotspots can be critical to the understanding of plant nutrition and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Here, we show that in 13 sympatric temperate tree species, when nutrient availability is patchy, thinner root species alter their foraging to exploit patches, whereas thicker root species do not. Moreover, there appear to be two distinct pathways by which thinner root tree species enhance foraging in nutrient rich patches: AM trees produce more roots, whereas EM trees produce more mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. Our results indicate that strategies of nutrient foraging are complementary among tree species with contrasting mycorrhiza types and root morphologies, and that predictable relationships between below ground traits and nutrient acquisition emerge only when both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are considered together.
Face Alignment via Regressing Local Binary Features
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

This paper presents a highly efficient and accurate regression approach for face alignment. Our approach has two novel components: 1) a set of local binary features and 2) a locality principle for learning those features. The locality principle guides us to learn a set of highly discriminative local binary features for each facial landmark independently. The obtained local binary features are used to jointly learn a linear regression for the final output. This approach achieves the state of the art results when tested on the most challenging benchmarks to date. Furthermore, because extracting and regressing local binary features are computationally very cheap, our system is much faster than previous methods. It achieves over 3000 frames per second (FPS) on a desktop or 300 FPS on a mobile phone for locating a few dozens of landmarks. We also study a key issue that is important but has received little attention in the previous research, which is the face detector used to initialize alignment. We investigate several face detectors and perform quantitative evaluation on how they affect alignment accuracy. We find that an alignment friendly detector can further greatly boost the accuracy of our alignment method, reducing the error up to 16% relatively. To facilitate practical usage of face detection/alignment methods, we also propose a convenient metric to measure how good a detector is for alignment initialization.
Assessment of Abdominal Muscle's Maximal Force of Contraction Using Surface EMG in Inguinal Hernia Patients.
Venue: Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR

Reduction in abdominal muscle's strength has been implicated in the development of inguinal hernia. Patients with inguinal hernia on one side are shown to be at higher risk of developing inguinal hernia on the other side.  To assess the abdominal muscle strength in inguinal hernia subjects using surface Electromyography (EMG) and compare it with healthy controls.  This is a cross sectional study involving only male subjects. Abdominal (Inguinal) hernia subjects without any known complications were recruited from surgery department and the accompanying healthy individuals were taken as control (Control, n=44, inguinal hernia subjects, n=43) The subjects were asked to perform maximal contraction for three seconds targeting external and internal oblique muscles of right and left sides separately. Motor unit potentials were recorded using surface EMG for individual muscles on both sides during maximal contraction. The maximum amplitude of the motor unit potentials obtained was considered as the strength of the respective muscle.  In control group, there was no significant difference in strength of external and internal oblique muscles between the two sides. Strength of external and internal oblique muscles of both herniated and unaffected side was reduced in inguinal hernia subjects as compared to healthy controls. Further, the muscle strength of herniated side was less as compared to unaffected side in the inguinal hernia subjects.  Abdominal muscle strength is reduced in hernia subjects and even the apparently normal side strength is less as compared to controls. This should be considered while performing corrective surgeries in inguinal hernia subjects.
Criticality of Wafer Edge Inspection and Metrology Data to All Surface Defectivity Root Cause and Yield Analysis

As device sizes continue to increase on devices at 2x nm design rule and beyond and high wafer stress is worsening due to multi film stacking in the vertical memory process, we observe an increasing trend in edge yield issues worldwide. Wafer edge inspection and metrology become thus critical to drive root cause analysis for improving the yield during a new technology ramp. Nowadays, wafer defectivity correlation to edge is also key for production monitoring, but not without challenges due to the diverse sensitivity demands for the wafer front side, as compared to the wafer edge and back side. In this paper we are able to demonstrate that a cluster inspection platform with the proper balance of sensitivity and throughput is a key enabler for production monitoring. The study required high resolution imaging of the wafer front side, accurate metrology and defect binning capability at the wafer edge, and unique capability to isolate issues that matter in the wafer backside all in a single inspection cluster tool platform. This setup allows for faster time to decisions and eliminates the need to rely on other sources of inspection data. We present several examples of defectivity correlation between the wafer edge and both front and back side, with scanning electron microscope (SEM) examples showing same defect types captured. The root cause for edge defectivity is very often found to be in the crossover of edge bead removal (EBR) lines from successive steps. High quality and accurate EBR metrology is thus essential on many process steps including on backend layers where many EBR lines are found and need to be distinguished. Likewise, anomalies in metrology data of the edge profile can also act as an important indicator of possible defectivity on the wafer.  Edge, Inspection, Metrology, Defect correlation, Root cause analysis
Taking the Human Out of the Loop: A Review of Bayesian Optimization
Venue: Proceedings of the IEEE

Big Data applications are typically associated with systems involving large numbers of users, massive complex software systems, and large scale heterogeneous computing and storage architectures. The construction of such systems involves many distributed design choices. The end products (e.g. recommendation systems, medical analysis tools, real time game engines, speech recognizers) thus involve many tunable configuration parameters. These parameters are often specified and hard coded into the software by various developers or teams. If optimized jointly, these parameters can result in significant improvements. Bayesian optimization is a powerful tool for the joint optimization of design choices that is gaining great popularity in recent years. It promises greater automation so as to increase both product quality and human productivity. This review paper introduces Bayesian optimization, highlights some of its methodological aspects, and showcases a wide range of applications.
Unbounded Bayesian Optimization via Regularization
Venue: AISTATS

Bayesian optimization has recently emerged as a popular and efficient tool for global optimization and hyperparameter tuning. Currently, the established Bayesian optimization practice requires a user defined bounding box which is assumed to contain the optimizer. However, when little is known about the probed objective function, it can be difficult to prescribe such bounds. In this work we modify the standard Bayesian optimization framework in a principled way to allow automatic resizing of the search space. We introduce two alternative methods and compare them on two common synthetic benchmarking test functions as well as the tasks of tuning the stochastic gradient descent optimizer of a multi layered perceptron and a convolutional neural network on MNIST.
Demystifying process drama: exploring the why, what, and how*

Process drama is a highly engaging participatory form that is capable of generating rich opportunities for learning. This is especially the case when the drama experiences are built upon pretexts that are aesthetically charged and when the work itself is structured and facilitated by educators with a deep understanding of its true nature. However, in spite of a strong research base that supports its value both in the drama classroom and beyond, a number of myths relating to its use and value appear to be limiting its application. In addition, while many drama teachers make use of the strategies associated with process drama, far fewer offer their learners opportunities to engage in the cohesive and sequenced experiences that this form requires. These myths and misunderstandings are explored within this keynote, while examples drawn from three different learning contexts are used to demystify this important form and provide greater clarity around its nature, purpose, application and value.
Innovation Management and Innovation Funding for Smes

The vast majority of SME's are normal businesses created to serve a market demand be it local or international. Their total motivation is paying the wages and bank overdrafts and expanding their business For a significant number of years (if ever) they are not concerned with developing new technology but applying what is on the market. Only when they are mature, of a certain size and involved in the manufacture or application of more advanced technologies do they have the luxury of looking to develop new products or processes. Others are formed to develop one new technical idea. They may be a spin out of a university or individuals passionately wedded to the idea of a new technology. However the survival rate of these organizations is statistically extremely poor. As a company we innovate and help others including SME's to do so because we have a 70 year applied technology history and are experienced in raising grant funding etc. However even for us paying the wages and running costs comes first. You can have an innovative business culture and R&D capability but the must be a market/technology pull. Innovation is not just good ideas there are loads of those. It is a will on the wisp which needs a proven demand, patience and a big bell jar to capture it. At company level it's easily driven if the management has the will and sees the benefits. High tech companies both small and large are more likely to have this type of culture because of the people they employ and the fact they are always thinking to solve technical problems. Many continuous improvement management systems/techniques also involve getting the primary through to tertiary work groups to think of better and innovative methods of working or developing new techniques and technologies. Most SME's have to see a short term benefit normally associated with development rather than research. The other level is local awareness campaigns through the different industry associations or local business networks sponsored by the government. Most SME's just do not have the time to look around and really need to be made aware by their peers. Also an initial small scale look see funding route that is not too complex is needed. By this I do not mean giving funding to the universities to go sell their research capabilities at technology shows giving away EUR10000 innovation vouchers if the SME signs up. Basically because the SME is not interested in research but shorter term industry focussed innovation. Funding via the industry associations which they can spend as they like on innovation would tend to bring like minded SMEs together at national level and possibly European level all with similar problems related either to their own businesses or the demands of their client markets which the SME's can see a profit in solving. This is a somewhat simplistic approach but complexity is always likely to put SMEs off as the demands on their time are high and the bank and taxation is always there with their hand out.
DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT ON HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The ability to innovate is considered as a major competitive advantage in organizations, enhancing their effectiveness, productivity, and thus their potential for long term sustainability. The concept has been strongly identified with manufacturing, where innovations concern products and artifacts, while in other sectors, like education, have by contrast, been seen as a "foot dragger" However, the rapid expansion of the other sectors in modern economies and the increasing "servicisation" of many, previously pure, manufacturing industries have shifted the focus of attention to new forms of behavior and activities, expressed as service innovations. Third level institutions play the main part in increasing technical expertise and knowledge of graduates who will contribute at the development of the future enterprises and organizations. Due to globalization reasons, technological innovation, the arrival of the Information Age and other influences, theoretical and practical requirements for undergraduate and postgraduate students are constantly evolving. This obliges institutions to develop in new ways, to offer continual expansion and enhancement in their curriculum, research output and service to the business community. However, higher education is falling behind in modernization and improvement; and the break between what academia offer and what industry requires is of growing concern.