nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of performance of 0 D internal combustion engine simulation codes based on detailed and reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms

In this study, combustion performance of two 0 D engine simulation codes, Chemkin Pro and SRM Suite, was examined in a homogenous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engine and comparisons were made against the experimental data, which was based on combustion of TRF 70 (70% toluene and 30% n heptane in vol. basis) Reduced and semi detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms of TRF 70 were used in both codes for performance evaluations in terms of pressure, heat release rate and exhaust gas emissions (CO, CO2 and O2) OH and H2O2 emissions, which were difficult to obtain experimentally, were compared computationally among codes using both semi detailed and reduced mechanisms. Both codes had advantages over the other; stochastic reactor model (SRM) resulted in better results than Chemkin Pro in terms of pressure and heat release rate when compared to experimental data, while Chemkin Pro was advantageous owing to its shorter CPU time with acceptable proximity to experimental data.
Developments in computational fluid dynamics modelling of gasoline direct injection engine combustion and soot emission with chemical kinetic modelling

Designed to inject gasoline fuel directly into the combustion chamber, gasoline direct injection (GDI) combustion systems are gaining popularity within the automotive industry. This is because GDI engines offer less pumping and heat losses, enhanced fuel economy and improved transient response. Nonetheless, the technology is often associated with the emission of ultra fine particulate matter (PM) to the atmosphere. With increasingly stringent emission regulations, detailed understanding of PM formation within GDI engine configurations is very crucial. To complement the findings based on experimental and optical techniques, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling has been widely utilized to study the in cylinder physical and chemical events. The success of CFD simulations also requires an accurate representation of gasoline fuel kinetics. Set against this background, the present review reports on the recent developments in chemical kinetic modelling of gasoline fuels and CFD numerical studies for GDI engines emphasizing the combustion and emission stages. Regarding fuel kinetics, the use of primary reference fuel (PRF) and toluene reference fuel (TRF) mechanisms is evaluated. In addition, the current trend portrays a progression towards multi component surrogate models to account for the complex mixture of practical fuels. It is however observed that many reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature are validated under homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine conditions rather than GDI related ones. CFD modelling of GDI engines typically covers the simulations of spray, mixture formation and combustion processes. Progress in combustion modelling for both homogeneous and stratified charge modes is discussed thoroughly. Still in its infancy, soot modelling studies for GDI engines are reviewed in which several soot models adapted are appraised. The majority of soot models have been previously applied in diesel combustion systems and flame configurations. Significant efforts are currently being carried out to improve the model predictions of soot emission from GDI engines.
Metaphor and music emotion: Ancient views and future directions
Venue: Consciousness and Cognition

Music is often described in terms of emotion. This notion is supported by empirical evidence showing that engaging with music is associated with subjective feelings, and with objectively measurable responses at the behavioural, physiological, and neural level. Some accounts, however, reject the idea that music may directly induce emotions. For example, the 'paradox of negative emotion' whereby music described in negative terms is experienced as enjoyable, suggests that music might move the listener through indirect mechanisms in which the emotional experience elicited by music does not always coincide with the emotional label attributed to it. Here we discuss the role of metaphor as a potential mediator in these mechanisms. Drawing on musicological, philosophical, and neuroscientific literature, we suggest that metaphor acts at key stages along and between physical, biological, cognitive, and contextual processes, and propose a model of music experience in which metaphor mediates between language, emotion, and aesthetic response.
Towards a construction of an intelligent business process based on cloud services and driven by degree of similarity and QoS
Venue: Inf. Syst. Frontiers

Knowledge and competence management in companies focus on resources allocation to business activities, knowledge management approaches promise a positive impact on cost structures. Moreover, with cloud computing and multi agent systems, we can have a positive impact on business process construction. In fact, cloud computing gives us the ability to perceive resources such as unlimited computer resources. Meanwhile, multi agent systems provide some degree of independence to achieve specific goals. Nowadays, on the web we can find a significant number of services that provide the same functionality. Hence, business process construction by reusing these services has become a challenging problem. The solution proposed in this paper, can be considerate as an enterprise solution to construct a business process using some competence and knowledge management aspects. Furthermore, the solution is based on cloud computing and agents to discover similar services and classify services according to their similarity degrees and their quality of services.
Software Agent And Cloud Computing: A Brief Review

The merging of interests between Cloud applications which necessary require an intelligent software agent with elastic, dynamic, with independent behavior ability and multi agent systems that need consistent distributed infrastructures can be resulted with new effective applications and systems. Cloud computing services offered by using large scale infrastructures with elastic services and high performance capability since these resources could be adjusted to end user and application needs. Cloud systems and infrastructures are offered by a service oriented interface that provides computing resources using X as a service model to introduce cloud services on the pay per use model. Agent based system is significant for the improving the use of software agents for boosting cloud service composition, service discovery, negotiation mechanism and several domains. Integrating these two computing paradigms enables cloud computing systems to become more elastic, autonomic, and intelligent service's capability. Meanwhile, scalable systems with high performance on the cloud are capable of providing MASs with a consistent and large scale computing infrastructure on which to execute large scale systems with flexibility. The significant of this paper is introducing and discussing potential benefits of integration multi agent technology with Cloud computing systems. This reviewing will lead having in attention the aim of developing high performance and sophisticated applications with intelligent using software agents and Cloud paradigm.
Creativity In The Video Game Industry: Using Schon's Constants To Understand Frame Creation

This paper analyses creativity issues in the video game industry using Schon's work on "frames" Specifically, "frame creation" is considered a key part of designers' creative process, and this concept will be discussed in relation to Schon's "constants" practitioners' media, language, repertoire, appreciative systems, overarching theories and role frames. These constants are often overlooked; however, this study explains how they can help researchers to better understand issues related to creativity.
Haploinsufficiency of SF 1 Causes Female to Male Sex Reversal in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.
Venue: Endocrinology

Steroidogenic factor 1 (Sf 1) (officially designated nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 [NR5A1] is a master regulator of steroidogenesis and reproduction in mammals. However, its function remains unclear in nonmammalian vertebrates. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect expression of Sf 1 in the steroidogenic cells, the interstitial, granulosa, and theca cells of the ovary, and the Leydig cells of the testis, in Nile tilapia. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) cleavage of sf 1 resulted in a high mutation rate in the F0 generation and a phenotype of gonadal dysgenesis and reduced steroidogenic cells in XX and XY fish. Sf 1 deficiency also resulted in decreased cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a, forkhead box L2 expression, and serum estradiol 17b in XX fish. In XY fish, Sf 1 deficiency increased cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a and forkhead box L2 expression but decreased cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 expression and serum 11 ketotestosterone levels. 17a methyltestosterone treatment successfully rescued the gonadal phenotype of Sf 1 deficient XY fish, as demonstrated by normal spermatogenesis and production of F1 mutants. In contrast, estradiol 17b treatment only partially rescued the gonadal phenotype of Sf 1 deficient XX fish, as demonstrated by the appearance of phase II oocytes. Furthermore, both sf 1( F1 XX and XY mutants developed as fertile males, although spermatogenesis was delayed and efferent duct formation was disordered. Our data suggest that Sf 1 is a major regulator of steroidogenesis and reproduction in fish, as it is in mammals. Sf 1 deficiency resulted in gonadal dysgenesis and feminization of XY gonads. However, unlike in mammals, Sf 1 deficiency also resulted in female to male sex reversal in 8.1% of F0 and 92.1% of sf 1( F1 in XX fish.
[Review on the Methodology for Optical Parameter Extraction with Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy]
Venue: Guang pu xue yu guang pu fen xi Guang pu

Optical parameters which macroscopically characterize optical properties of materials indirectly reflect microscopic peculiarities of materials. Accurate extractions of optical parameters are significant for the research of microscopic behavior and macroscopic responses of materials. In recent years, as a new spectral analysis method, terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) technology has become a research hotspot. Due to the low THz radiation energy and narrow pulse width (picosecond range) THz TDS technology is nondestructive with high temporal resolution when being used to extract optical parameters of samples. This paper summarizes optical parameters extraction methods by using THz transmission and reflection spectroscopy technology, emphatically introduces several classic methods and analyses, along with their respective merits and demerits, and finally discusses the challenges of THz TDS technology in optical parameters extraction. In conclusion, the transmission methods are adaptive for measuring substances which slightly absorb terahertz radiation, whereas the reflection methods are suitable for measuring materials with strong absorption capacity.
Low cycle fatigue of dissimilar friction stir welded aluminum alloys

In this work, experiments were conducted to quantify structure property relations of low cycle fatigue behavior of dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of AA6061 to AA7050 high strength aluminum alloys. In addition, a microstructure sensitive fatigue model is employed to further elucidate cause effect relationships. Experimental strain controlled fatigue testing revealed an increase in the cyclic strain hardening and the number of cycles to failure as the tool rotational speed was increased. At higher applied strain amplitudes >0.3% the corresponding stress amplitude increased and the plastic strain amplitude decreased, as the number of cycles increased. However, at 0.2% strain amplitude, the plastic strain decreased until it was almost negligible. Inspection of the hysteresis loops demonstrated that at low strain amplitudes, there was an initial stage of strain hardening that increased until it reached a maximum strain hardening level, afterwards a nearly perfect elastic behavior was observed. Under fully reversed fatigue loading, all samples failed at the region between the heat affected and thermomechanically affected zones. Inspection of the fractured surfaces under scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cracks initiated at either the crown or the root surface of the weld, and from secondary intermetallic particles located near the free surface of the weld. Lastly, a microstructure sensitive multistage fatigue model was employed to correlate the fatigue life of the dissimilar FSW of AA6061 to AA7050 considering microstructural features such as grain size, intermetallic particles and mechanical properties.
Memory Bandwidth Management for Efficient Performance Isolation in Multi Core Platforms
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Computers

Memory bandwidth in modern multi core platforms is highly variable for many reasons and it is a big challenge in designing real time systems as applications are increasingly becoming more memory intensive. In this work, we proposed, designed, and implemented an efficient memory bandwidth reservation system, that we call MemGuard. MemGuard separates memory bandwidth in two parts: guaranteed and best effort. It provides bandwidth reservation for the guaranteed bandwidth for temporal isolation, with efficient reclaiming to maximally utilize the reserved bandwidth. It further improves performance by exploiting the best effort bandwidth after satisfying each core's reserved bandwidth. MemGuard is evaluated with SPEC2006 benchmarks on a real hardware platform, and the results demonstrate that it is able to provide memory performance isolation with minimal impact on overall throughput.
An Analytical Model for Optimum Off Chip Memory Bandwidth Partitioning in Multi core Architectures

Multi core architectures have recently become a mainstream computing platform. These architectures along with excellent compute power, also facilitates sharing of expensive resources such as the last level cache and off chip memory bandwidth between the cores. Such sharing has produced interesting contention related performance phenomena, in which system throughput, as well as individual thread performance is highly volatile, depending on the mix of applications that share the resources and on how the resources are partitioned between the applications. If the sharing of these resources is made optimal, then the performance volatility of individual threads running in different cores can be reduced and obviously the overall system performance can be increased. Thus partitioning of resources shared by multi core architectures such as cache and off chip pin bandwidth, is necessary to a great extent. Applying cache partition alone, definitely improves the system performance. The proposed simple yet powerful analytical model shares the off chip memory bandwidth in such a way that it have a progressive impact over the performance of the system. The optimal bandwidth sharing in proposed model is achieved by exploiting the advantage of token bucket algorithm. The memory controller is modified in such a way that apart from normal memory request queuing, it also implements a token bucket system which controls memory requests from every core. The results are calculated based on weighted speedup which is a factor for measuring throughput in multi core architectures.
DW AES: A Domain Wall Nanowire Based AES for High Throughput and Energy Efficient Data Encryption in Non Volatile Memory
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

Big data storage poses significant challenges to anonymization of sensitive information against data sniffing. Not only will the encryption bandwidth be limited by the I/O traffic, the transfer of data between the processor and the memory will also expose the input output mapping of intermediate computations on I/O channels that are susceptible to semi invasive and non invasive attacks. Limited by the simplistic cell level logic, existing logic in memory computing architectures are incapable of performing the complete encryption process within the memory at reasonable throughput and energy efficiency. In this paper, a block level in memory architecture for advanced encryption standard (AES) is proposed. The proposed technique, called DW AES, maps all AES operations directly to the domain wall nanowires. The entire encryption process can be completed within a homogeneous, high density, and standby power free non volatile spintronic based memory array without exposing the intermediate results to external I/O interface. Domain wall nanowire based pipelining and multi issue pipelining methods are also proposed to increase the throughput of the baseline DW AES with an insignificant area overhead and negligible difference on leakage power and energy consumption. The experimental results show that DW AES can reduce the leakage power and area by the orders of magnitude compared with existing CMOS ASIC accelerators. It has an energy efficiency of 22 pJ/b, which is 5x and 3x better than the CMOS ASIC and memristive CMOL based implementations, respectively. Under the same area budget, the proposed DW AES achieves 4.6x higher throughput than the latest CMOS ASIC AES with similar power consumption. The throughput improvement increases to 11x for pipelined DW AES at the expense of doubling the power consumption.
The Container Principle: How a Box Changes the Way We Think
Venue: Leonardo

there is more than just information exchange. How can an interface foster online conversation? By portraying participants more vividly, by defining contexts and boundaries, highlighting relationships, emotional reactions and rhythms in an exchange. And finally, the "close up" is how the individual is seen and chooses to be seen in online communities. Perhaps the most interesting section, because it is the most challenging from a design perspective, is how to create a meaningful "data portrait." Usernames, photos and fantasy avatars allow us to keep track of distinct identities online, but give us very little information about a person and as representations they can often be misleading. Data about a user's networked life conveyed through abstraction and metaphor may be one way to make an individual more vivid, but this introduces other issues of privacy, surveillance and control over one's identity. Donath makes a compelling case that because networked social spaces are designed interfaces, issues of privacy, surveillance, healthy group dynamics and the health of the larger commons are also design issues. That she presents these issues in their ethical complexity is a testament to her concern and hope for design strategies that pay attention to all the implications of networked life.  Social interaction design can not only be a catalyst for healthy online communities but also a catalyst for more interactive physical spaces that are themselves increasingly networked. Think about what our cities would be like without parks, benches and gathering spots. These are public spaces, not overly determined or rule bound, as they are spaces to be alone or together with others. But they are conducive to openness and vivid presence. It is in this spirit that Donath wants designers and users of social technologies to think in new ways about how we become vividly present to each other in virtual spaces. the contAiner principle: how A box chAnges the wAy we think
Mindset The New Psychology Of Success

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Control and Protection of MMC HVDC under AC and DC Network Fault Contingencies

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become the most attractive voltage source converter (VSC) topology for high power applications. AC or dc short circuit fault conditions cannot be avoided in high voltage direct current (HVDC) schemes, independent of the converter and the transmission link technology (e.g. cables or overhead lines) The probability, frequency, and characteristics of these faults depend on the employed transmission technology, converter technology (e.g. two level or MMC) and the grounding topology (e.g. direct, resistive, or high impedance) This chapter presents and compares the two level VSC HVDC and MMC HVDC fault characteristics and behaviors under ac and dc fault conditions. It discusses the impacts of different component failures, and presents related control and protection techniques. VSC HVDC terminals are designed to fulfill FRT requirements and remain synchronously connected to the network and provide the required ancillary services during the unbalanced ac fault conditions. Different techniques are applied to detect and protect the converter components from ac and dc fault conditions.
Histopathological and ultra structural characterization of local neuromuscular damage induced by repeated phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate injection.
Venue: Experimental and toxicologic pathology official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie

Phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate (PC/DC) combination is frequently used for injection lipolysis in body contouring and size reduction of subcutaneous lipomas. Nonetheless, studies that assess possible injurious effects of PC/DC combination on tissues at injection sites are inadequate. The current work attempts to evaluate the effects of repeated PC/DC injection on skeletal muscles and neural tissues at the injection site. For this purpose, female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups, 10 rats each, and injected percutaneously via either normal saline (control group) or PC/DC (treated group) in the groin area for 4 consecutive days. Biopsies were harvested on the 4(th) day for histopathological studies. The results of the present work demonstrated that repeated injection of PC/DC caused neural damage and intense inflammation at the injection site leading to skeletal muscle degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. Electron microscopic examination of the neural tissues in the injected area showed intra neural fibroblasts, deposition of intra neural collagen fibers and marked myelin degeneration. In addition, PC/DC injection caused thickening of intra neural blood vessel walls and evident endo neural mast cells. The current data highlight the attendant risk of neuromuscular injury associated with repeated PC/DC injection during the treatment of undesirable fat deposits and lipomas.