nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Greek urban block since the establishment of the Greek State in 19th century. A chronicle about morphology and urban form.

Based on literature and archival research along with specific plans, the study considers the different transformations of the Greek urban block in relation to street network, built and open space. Case studies such as Thessaloniki, Athens, Patra, Serres, offer the opportunity to highlight the evolution of the Greek urban block through representative examples of urban development in specific periods of Greek history; in the neoclassic city of the 19th century, during the beginning of 20th century, during the interwar period (1923 1940) and in the post war city during 1950s and 1970s. The investigation focuses on the general historical framework connected to urban development, whereas specific masteplans showcase the practice of each period respectively. Moreover, the study highlights parameters, which form, reform or transform the urban blocks, such as planning principles and design tools. The objective of this research is to analyze characteristics and qualities of the morphology of urban blocks in order to understand its importance in the organization of the city.
SDN and Virtualization Solutions for the Internet of Things: A Survey
Venue: IEEE Access

The imminent arrival of the Internet of Things (IoT) which consists of a vast number of devices with heterogeneous characteristics, means that future networks need a new architecture to accommodate the expected increase in data generation. Software defined networking (SDN) and network virtualization (NV) are two technologies that promise to cost effectively provide the scale and versatility necessary for IoT services. In this paper, we survey the state of the art on the application of SDN and NV to IoT. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide a comprehensive description of every possible IoT implementation aspect for the two technologies. We start by outlining the ways of combining SDN and NV. Subsequently, we present how the two technologies can be used in the mobile and cellular context, with emphasis on forthcoming 5G networks. Afterward, we move to the study of wireless sensor networks, arguably the current foremost example of an IoT network. Finally, we review some general SDN NV enabled IoT architectures, along with real life deployments and use cases. We conclude by giving directions for future research on this topic.
Prognostic significance of mucin expression profiles in breast carcinoma with signet ring cells: a clinicopathological study
Venue: Diagnostic Pathology

BackgroundSignet ring cells (SRCs) often accompany gastrointestinal carcinoma, referred to as SRC carcinoma; however, breast cancers containing SRCs have not been well characterized, leaving the prognostic significance of SRCs undetermined. We have described clinicopathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer containing SRCs in relation to the expression levels of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6.MethodsTwenty two breast cancer cases with variable degrees of SRC population were retrospectively studied. Each case was categorized as high >31 or low <30 SRC tumor. The SRCs were morphologically classified into the intra cytoplasmic lumen (ICL) type, or the non ICL type. The expression levels of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC6 were determined immunohistochemically. Depending on its subcellular localization, MUC1 was categorized as the luminal and cytoplasmic (LC) type, or the cytoplasmic with circumferential membranous accentuation (CM) type. These histological findings were compared with other clinicopathological parameters.ResultsThe series consisted of invasive ductal carcinoma (n 9) invasive lobular carcinoma (n 9) and mucinous carcinoma (n 4) cases. The SRC population accounted for 8 81 of the tumor cells. Eight cases had ICL type SRCs, and the remaining 14 had non ICL type SRCs. Neither the high (n 12) and low (n 10) percentage of SRCs, nor the SRC types affected the clinicopathological parameters. In the low MUC1 group (n 11) larger tumors, higher nuclear grade, lymph node metastasis, and negativity for estrogen receptor was more frequently identified compared to the high MUC1 group (n 11; p 0.01, p 0.002, p 0.008, and p 0.02, respectively) The CM group (n 7) had more patients with large sized tumors, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and higher Ki67 indices than the LC group (n 15; p 0.04, p 0.001, p 0.006, and p 0.03, respectively) The expression levels of MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6 showed no clinicopathological significance. Two patients with low MUC1 expression and CM patterns had tumor recurrence, resulting in death, while all the other patients survived without recurrence.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that in breast cancers containing SRCs, low MUC1 expression and/or its CM subcellular localization patterns are associated with unfavorable clinicopathological factors. The utility of MUC1 expression as a prognostic marker remains to be verified in future studies.
Review on cybersickness in applications and visual displays
Venue: Virtual Reality

Cybersickness is an affliction common to users of virtual environments. Similar in symptoms to motion sickness, cybersickness can result in nausea, headaches, and dizziness. With these systems becoming readily available to the general public, reports of cybersickness have increased and there is a growing concern about the safety of these systems. This review presents the current state of research methods, theories, and known aspects associated with cybersickness. Current measurements of incidence of cybersickness are questionnaires, postural sway, and physiological state. Varying effects due to display and rendering modes, such as visual display type and stereoscopic or monoscopic rendering, are compared. The known and suspected application aspects that induce cybersickness are discussed. There are numerous potential contributing application design aspects, many of which have had limited study, but field of view and navigation are strongly correlated with cybersickness. The effect of visual displays is not well understood, and application design may be of greater importance.
Cooperating Teams and Competing Reward Strategies: Incentives for Team Performance and Firm Productivity

Managers and executives from 257 organizations completed mailed surveys investigating relationships among reward strategies, task interdependence, team performance, and firm productivity. All measures attained at the firm level. As expected, firms that based employee rewards on either personal or collective output tended to demonstrate higher levels of productivity. Output based reward strategies had no direct relationships, however, with team performance. Also as expected, task interdependence moderated the relationship between rewards based on human capital and team performance. Team performance was highest when firms with complex task interdependence used human capital strategies to reward employees.
Weakly supervised target detection in remote sensing images based on transferred deep features and negative bootstrapping
Venue: Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process.

Target detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) is a fundamental yet challenging problem faced for remote sensing images analysis. More recently, weakly supervised learning, in which training sets require only binary labels indicating whether an image contains the object or not, has attracted considerable attention owing to its obvious advantages such as alleviating the tedious and time consuming work of human annotation. Inspired by its impressive success in computer vision field, in this paper, we propose a novel and effective framework for weakly supervised target detection in RSIs based on transferred deep features and negative bootstrapping. On one hand, to effectively mine information from RSIs and improve the performance of target detection, we develop a transferred deep model to extract high level features from RSIs, which can be achieved by pre training a convolutional neural network model on a large scale annotated dataset (e.g. ImageNet) and then transferring it to our task by domain specifically fine tuning it on RSI datasets. On the other hand, we integrate negative bootstrapping scheme into detector training process to make the detector converge more stably and faster by exploiting the most discriminative training samples. Comprehensive evaluations on three RSI datasets and comparisons with state of the art weakly supervised target detection approaches demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Hyperparameter optimization with approximate gradient
Venue: ICML

Most models in machine learning contain at least one hyperparameter to control for model complexity. Choosing an appropriate set of hyperparameters is both crucial in terms of model accuracy and computationally challenging. In this work we propose an algorithm for the optimization of continuous hyperparameters using inexact gradient information. An advantage of this method is that hyperparameters can be updated before model parameters have fully converged. We also give sufficient conditions for the global convergence of this method, based on regularity conditions of the involved functions and summability of errors. Finally, we validate the empirical performance of this method on the estimation of regularization constants of L2 regularized logistic regression and kernel Ridge regression. Empirical benchmarks indicate that our approach is highly competitive with respect to state of the art methods.
Funding Long Term Care in Canada: Issues and Options.
Venue: HealthcarePapers

Canada's aging population is likely to result in increased health and long term care (LTC) costs. It is estimated that between 2012 and 2046, LTC cost liability could reach almost $1.2 trillion. Many Canadians are unaware of the potential burden of LTC expenditures, and there is no consensus on who should pay for them. There are four possible options: (1) general tax revenues; (2) social insurance (employer/employee contributions) (3) private purchase of LTC insurance; and (4) private savings. This paper reviews these options as they have materialized to date in Canada and other countries. Despite the growing acuity of this issue, it seems unlikely that a universal, publicly funded approach to LTC will emerge in Canada. It is clear that federal and provincial/territorial governments must continue to explore policy options for LTC funding including public education, prevention and mitigation strategies and provision for tax sheltered savings specifically for LTC.
Spatially incoherent off axis Fourier holography without using spatial light modulator (SLM)
Venue: Optics express

We present a spatially incoherent dual path Fourier holographic system. Conceptually it is similar to Fourier incoherent single channel holography (FISCH) Although our incoherent off axis Fourier holographic (IOFH) system does not have the robustness of a single channel system, it has three advantages over FISCH, with two being quite obvious from setup. First, no SLM is required, thus making the system simple and cost effective. Second, it is capable of high light throughput because in FISCH, the use of SLM reduces light intensity in half by splitting one beam into two; furthermore, an analyzer is required to create interference which also reduces light intensity. The third advantage, which makes this IOFH system applicable even for on axis samples (as opposed to samples in a half plane as is necessary for FISCH) is achieved by tilting one mirror. Here we demonstrate our system with a sample in half plane as in FISCH for different axial positions, and then by placing the object on an optical axis and tilting one mirror. The reconstructed images demonstrate holographic capabilities of our IOFH system for both on axis and half plane sample locations.
Three Dimensional Imaging by Self Reference Single Channel Digital Incoherent Holography
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

Digital holography offers a reliable and fast method to image a three dimensional (3 D) scene from a single perspective. This paper reviews recent developments of self reference single channel incoherent hologram recorders. Hologram recorders in which both interfering beams, commonly referred to as the signal and the reference beams, originate from the same observed objects are considered as self reference systems. Moreover, the hologram recorders reviewed herein are configured in a setup of a single channel interferometer. This unique configuration is achieved through the use of one or more spatial light modulators (SLMs)
Methods of Single Channel Digital Holography for Three Dimensional Imaging
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics

Digital holography is an effective tool for imaging three dimensional (3 D) scenes or objects. In this paper, recently developed methods of single channel digital holography are reviewed: the joint object reference digital interferometer (JORDI) Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) and Fourier incoherent single channel holography (FISCH)
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes for toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene removal from aqueous solution.
Venue: Chemosphere

An effectively and functionally magnetic multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) nano composite (APCNT KOH) was synthesized by a one pot and facile method. The residual Fe catalyst particles of the as prepared MWCNTs were utilized as magnetic materials through KOH activation. The resulting APCNT KOH exhibited very high adsorption capacities for toluene (T) ethylbenzene (E) and xylene (X) (TEX) pollutants than many other adsorbents, because of their large specific surface area and high degree of surface activity. The adsorption process was found to be pH, ionic strength, and temperature dependent, and the maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 6 for TEX pollutants. The adsorption isotherm data were analyzed by applying the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Radushkevich isothermal models. The Langmuir model showed the best fit to the experimental isotherm data with a maximum adsorption capacity(qm,toluene 63.34 mg/g, qm, ethylbenzene 249.44 mg/g, qm,m xylene 227.05 mg/g, qm,o xylene 138.04 mg/g, qm,p xylene 105.59 mg/g) Adsorption kinetics of TEX on APCNT KOH was appropriately described by the pseudo second order rate model. The desorption experiments revealed the typical adsorption desorption hysteresis, indicating that the adsorption and desorption processes of TEX undergo different pathways due to porous structure changes before and after adsorption and desorption. Collective results demonstrate that the functionalized magnetic APCNT KOH composites are highly effective adsorbents for TEX removal, which provides a promising and green route for MWCNTs in wastewater treatment.
Influence of cobalt species on the catalytic performance of Co N C/SiO2 for ethylbenzene oxidation.
Venue: Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP

In this paper, cobaltporphyrin is used as a precursor to synthesize carbon nitrides with metal active sites supported on silica spheres by heat treatment (i.e. M N C/SiO2) The catalytic performance of M N C/SiO2 for ethylbenzene oxidation has been investigated and techniques such as N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm, NH3 TPD, HRTEM, STEM mapping and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are employed to explore the active sites for ethylbenzene oxidation. XPS results show that cobalt compounds, such as CoOx and metallic Co, as well as cobalt nitrides, such as Co Nx, are formed after the pyrolysis of cobaltporphyrin. However, according to the NH3 TPD experiment, Co Nx may be the primary active site. When Co Nx is poisoned by KSCN, the significant loss of catalytic activity further proves and verifies that Co Nx instead of CoOx is the primary active site of M N C/SiO2 for ethylbenzene oxidation.
A Survey of Motion Planning and Control Techniques for Self Driving Urban Vehicles
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles

Self driving vehicles are a maturing technology with the potential to reshape mobility by enhancing the safety, accessibility, efficiency, and convenience of automotive transportation. Safety critical tasks that must be executed by a self driving vehicle include planning of motions through a dynamic environment shared with other vehicles and pedestrians, and their robust executions via feedback control. The objective of this paper is to survey the current state of the art on planning and control algorithms with particular regard to the urban setting. A selection of proposed techniques is reviewed along with a discussion of their effectiveness. The surveyed approaches differ in the vehicle mobility model used, in assumptions on the structure of the environment, and in computational requirements. The side by side comparison presented in this survey helps to gain insight into the strengths and limitations of the reviewed approaches and assists with system level design choices.
TIMSS 2015: highlights of mathematics and science achievement of grade 9 South African learners

TIMSS 2015 Highlights of Mathematics and Science Achievement of Grade 9 South African Learners e South African Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) was conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) (TIMSS) is cross national assessment of the mathematics and science knowledge of fourth Grade and eighth Grade learners. TIMSS was developed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) to allow participating nations to compare learner educational achievement across borders.
Melting and crystallization behaviors, morphology, and mechanical properties of b polypropylene/polypropylene graft maleic anhydride/calcium sulfate whisker composites

The melting and crystallization behaviors, morphology, and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/surface treated calcium sulfate (CaSO4) whisker (T CSW) b PP/T CSW, and b PP/polypropylene graft maleic anhydride (PP g MAH)/T CSW composites had been investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) wide angle X ray diffraction (WAXD) polarized light microscopy (PLM) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tests. We found that T CSW was an a nucleating agent and increased the crystallization temperatures of PP, but PP g MAH and high loadings of T CSW had weakly negative effects on the crystallization rates of PP. The T CSW restrained the formation of b spherulites, and the spherulitic size decreased in the composites. PP g MAH improved the compatibility and adhesion between T CSW and the matrix. The notched impact strength was improved, and the tensile strength was enhanced at low levels of T CSW, while the flexural modulus was weakened for b PP/T CSW and b PP/PP g MAH/T CSW composites versus PP/T CSW composites.  2015.
Crystallization, melting, supermolecular structure and properties of isotactic polypropylene nucleated with dicyclohexyl terephthalamide
Venue: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Dicyclohexyl terephthalamide (DCHT) is an efficient and partially soluble nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene. Its properties, nucleating efficiency and selectivity were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, calorimetry and polarized light microscopy techniques with special attention to the dissolution and recrystallization of DCHT in the iPP melt. The mechanical properties of the nucleated samples were studied using standard tensile tests. It was found that DCHT possesses dual (a and b) nucleating ability. DCHT is soluble in polypropylene melt and recrystallized from the melt during the cooling. It was observed that a special supermolecular structure is formed in its presence, where micron sized a iPP is dispersed finely in the b iPP matrix. This unique structure promoted good stiffness and toughness simultaneously.
Attendance System Based On Face Recognition By Using Raspberry Pi

In this paper, we propose a robotized framework that takes the participation of the understudies for classroom addresses. Our framework takes the participation utilizing face discovery and face acknowledgment. We have built the address participation framework in view of face acknowledgment, and is connected to the arrangement of classroom address. This paper first audit the related works in the field of participation administration and face acknowledgment. The face is the character of a man. The systems to adventure this physical element have seen an extraordinary change subsequent to the approach of picture preparing methods. The participation is taken in each school, universities and library. Customary methodology of participation is teacher calls understudy name and record participation. It requires some investment to record participation. Assume length of time of class of one subject is around 50 minutes and to record participation takes 5 to 10 minutes. For every address this is wastage of time. To keep away from these misfortunes, we are about use programmed process which depends on picture handling. We are utilizing face location and face acknowledgment framework. The camera will be joined with the Raspberry pi module. The understudy database is gathered. The database incorporates the name of the understudies, their pictures and move number. Along these lines with the assistance of this framework, the reality of the situation will become obvious eventually spared. It is so helpful to record participation. We can take participation on at whatever time.  Viola Jones algorithm; Haar like element; Image handling, Raspberry pi
Substance abuse relapse in Oxford House recovery homes: A survival analysis evaluation.
Venue: Substance abuse

This study used survival analysis to examine risk factors for substance abuse relapse among residents in Oxford Houses (OH) a national network of self run, self financed aftercare homes for individuals recovering from substance use disorders.  Participants who entered OH within 60 days of a 1 year longitudinal study (N 268) were selected from of a nationally representative US sample. Discrete time survival analysis compared baseline risk of relapse with 4 hypothesized survival models that included time invariant and time varying factors across 3 subsequent time periods.  The model predicting higher risk for more severe substance use disorders and psychiatric problems was supported. The hypothesized model that predicted time varying increases in alcohol (but not drug) abstinence self efficacy significantly affected risk of relapse. Hypothesized demographic and employment variables did not significantly predict relapse risk.  Results suggested that OH recovery homes may reduce relapse by providing closer monitoring and referring additional services to new residents with more severe prior addiction severity. Risk for relapse may also be reduced by enhancing abstinence self efficacy for alcohol regardless of drug of choice.