nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive polynomial rendering
Venue: ACM Trans. Graph.

In this paper, we propose a new adaptive rendering method to improve the performance of Monte Carlo ray tracing, by reducing noise contained in rendered images while preserving high frequency edges. Our method locally approximates an image with polynomial functions and the optimal order of each polynomial function is estimated so that our reconstruction error can be minimized. To robustly estimate the optimal order, we propose a multi stage error estimation process that iteratively estimates our reconstruction error. In addition, we present an energy preserving outlier removal technique to remove spike noise without causing noticeable energy loss in our reconstruction result. Also, we adaptively allocate additional ray samples to high error regions guided by our error estimation. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms state of the art methods by controlling the tradeoff between reconstruction bias and variance through locally defining our polynomial order, even without need for filtering bandwidth optimization, the common approach of other recent methods.
Towards foveated rendering for gaze tracked virtual reality
Venue: ACM Trans. Graph.

Foveated rendering synthesizes images with progressively less detail outside the eye fixation region, potentially unlocking significant speedups for wide field of view displays, such as head mounted displays, where target framerate and resolution is increasing faster than the performance of traditional real time renderers. To study and improve potential gains, we designed a foveated rendering user study to evaluate the perceptual abilities of human peripheral vision when viewing today's displays. We determined that filtering peripheral regions reduces contrast, inducing a sense of tunnel vision. When applying a postprocess contrast enhancement, subjects tolerated up to 2x larger blur radius before detecting differences from a non foveated ground truth. After verifying these insights on both desktop and head mounted displays augmented with high speed gaze tracking, we designed a perceptual target image to strive for when engineering a production foveated renderer. Given our perceptual target, we designed a practical foveated rendering system that reduces number of shades by up to 70% and allows coarsened shading up to 30deg closer to the fovea than Guenter et al. [2012] without introducing perceivable aliasing or blur. We filter both pre and post shading to address aliasing from undersampling in the periphery, introduce a novel multiresolution and saccade aware temporal antialising algorithm, and use contrast enhancement to help recover peripheral details that are resolvable by our eye but degraded by filtering. We validate our system by performing another user study. Frequency analysis shows our system closely matches our perceptual target. Measurements of temporal stability show we obtain quality similar to temporally filtered non foveated renderings.
Synchronisation for Distributed Audio Rendering over Heterogeneous Devices, in HTML5

The HTML5 standard is widespread on mobile devices. In combination with the Web Audio API, it allows for massively distributed real time audio rendering. But timing issues exist, mainly because of the lack of standard inter device synchronisation. This paper proposes a synchronisation solution based on HTML5. Using a shared reference time, we achieved the distributed rendering of audio events with an individual accuracy of 1 to 10 ms, 5 ms in standard deviation, which is more accurate than the audio block duration, for any device that we measured.
Molecular recognition of mRNA 5' cap by 3' poly(A) specific ribonuclease (PARN) differs from interactions known for other cap binding proteins.
Venue: Biochimica et biophysica acta

The mRNA 5' cap structure plays a pivotal role in coordination of eukaryotic translation and mRNA degradation. Poly(A) specific ribonuclease (PARN) is a dimeric exoribonuclease that efficiently degrades mRNA 3' poly(A) tails while also simultaneously interacting with the mRNA 5' cap. The cap binding amplifies the processivity of PARN action. We used surface plasmon resonance kinetic analysis, quantitative equilibrium fluorescence titrations and circular dichroism to study the cap binding properties of PARN. The molecular mechanism of 5' cap recognition by PARN has been demonstrated to differ from interactions seen for other known cap binding proteins in that: i) the auxiliary biological function of 5' cap binding by the 3' degrading enzyme is accomplished by negative cooperativity of PARN dimer subunits; ii) non coulombic interactions are major factors in the complex formation; and iii) PARN has versatile activity toward alternative forms of the cap. These characteristics contribute to stabilization of the PARN cap complex needed for the deadenylation processivity. Our studies provide a consistent biophysical basis for elucidation of the processive mechanism of PARN mediated 3' mRNA deadenylation and provide a new framework to interpret the role of the 5' cap in mRNA degradation.
Identification of the RNA Pyrophosphohydrolase RppH of Helicobacter pylori and Global Analysis of Its RNA Targets*
Venue: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

RNA degradation is crucial for regulating gene expression in all organisms. Like the decapping of eukaryotic mRNAs, the conversion of the 5' terminal triphosphate of bacterial transcripts to a monophosphate can trigger RNA decay by exposing the transcript to attack by 5' monophosphate dependent ribonucleases. In both biological realms, this deprotection step is catalyzed by members of the Nudix hydrolase family. The genome of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, a Gram negative epsilonproteobacterium, encodes two proteins resembling Nudix enzymes. Here we present evidence that one of them, HP1228 (renamed HpRppH) is an RNA pyrophosphohydrolase that triggers RNA degradation in H. pylori, whereas the other, HP0507, lacks such activity. In vitro, HpRppH converts RNA 5' triphosphates and diphosphates to monophosphates. It requires at least two unpaired nucleotides at the 5' end of its substrates and prefers three or more but has only modest sequence preferences. The influence of HpRppH on RNA degradation in vivo was examined by using RNA seq to search the H. pylori transcriptome for RNAs whose 5' phosphorylation state and cellular concentration are governed by this enzyme. Analysis of cDNA libraries specific for transcripts bearing a 5' triphosphate and/or monophosphate revealed at least 63 potential HpRppH targets. These included mRNAs and sRNAs, several of which were validated individually by half life measurements and quantification of their 5' terminal phosphorylation state in wild type and mutant cells. These findings demonstrate an important role for RppH in post transcriptional gene regulation in pathogenic Epsilonproteobacteria and suggest a possible basis for the phenotypes of H. pylori mutants lacking this enzyme.
Design and evaluation of hospital based business intelligence system (HBIS) A foundation for design science research methodology
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

This paper describes the development of a hospital based business intelligent system (HBIS) based on a novel developmental methodology, called the design science research methodology (DSRM) and implemented in a regional general hospital in Taiwan. A design science research methodology is adopted to cover six activities: problem identification and motivation, definition of solution objectives, design and development, demonstration, evaluation, and communication. Based on the DSRM developmental method, HBIS was successfully developed and deployed in the hospital case, and a survey of users shows positive results. In addition, the support and involvement of top management in HBIS development is found to be a critical success factor, and system implementation allowed the hospital to significantly improve performance of managerial indicators for the three abovementioned dimensions. This study contributes a novel developmental methodology from the Information Systems (IS) field as a reference model for future HBIS development, along with the integration of indicators from three major managerial dimensions NHI, hospital accreditation, and healthcare quality. A hospital based business intelligent system (HBIS) is presented.Reporting the development and assessment of a HBIS system.Identifying the critical factors to the development of HBIS.Proposing tools that improve the decision making of health system administrators.
A Design Science Research Methodology for Expert Systems Development
Venue: Australas. J. Inf. Syst.

The knowledge of design science research (DSR) can have applications for improving expert systems (ES) development research. Although significant progress of utilising DSR has been observed in particular information systems design such as decision support systems (DSS) studies only rare attempts can be found in the ES design literature. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the use of DSR for ES design. First, we explore the ES development literature to reveal the presence of DSR as a research methodology. For this, we select relevant literature criteria and apply a qualitative content analysis in order to generate themes inductively to match the DSR components. Second, utilising the findings of the comparison, we determine a new DSR approach for designing a specific ES that is guided by another result the findings of a content analysis of examination scripts in Mathematics. The specific ES artefact for a case demonstration is designed for addressing the requirement of a 'wicked' problem in that the key purpose is to assist human assessors when evaluating multi step question (MSQ) solutions. It is anticipated that the proposed design knowledge, in terms of both problem class and functions of ES artefacts, will help ES designers and researchers to address similar issues for designing information system solutions.
Adolescents' role in family decision making for services in India

The purpose of this paper is to understand the involvement of adolescents in family vacation and dining out on the basis of the type of family. Also, the purpose of this paper is to refine the Scanzoni's sex role orientation scale (SSRS) in the Indian context.,Data were collected using self administered questionnaires from adolescents in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh (states in India) The response rate is 44.88 per cent. Sex role orientation was measured using the Scanzoni's SSRS.,There is a decline in the involvement of adolescents through the major decision making stages for both the services, family vacation and dining out. There is no significant difference in the involvement of adolescents in dual income and single income families for a vacation and dining out, except that the children from dual income families are more involved in destination selection for a vacation. Also, the adolescents in modern families are significantly involved in the sub decision stages, spending and selection of travel agent.,The marketers should advertise the vacation destinations to adolescent children in dual earning families. Also, the travel agencies should design their promotion strategies so as to appeal to the adolescent children with modern attitudes. While catering to the needs of a family, travel agencies must present their services in a way that appeals to adolescents in modern families. Also, this aspect must be taken care of in all the pricing strategies and promotions for the modern families.,Despite the large number of studies in various Western countries in this area, few studies investigate adolescent influence in family decision making in India. The present study takes into account the type of family, single income or dual income (on the basis of the employment of parents) and traditional or modern (on the basis of gender role orientation)
Cultural ecosystem services in the UK: Lessons on designing indicators to inform management and policy

We explore the degree to which a useful and cost effective set of cultural ecosystem services (CES) indicators can be produced at different spatial scales in the UK, using readily available data. We place this within the conceptual framework developed for the understanding of CES produced by the recent UK National Ecosystem Assessment (UK NEA) and its Follow on. We examine a set of 'supply side' stock indicators, involving the calculation of the percentage cover of environmental places such as woodlands, country parks and private gardens. Although stock indicators can be used to measure the potential of different localities to deliver CES, the accessibility of these environmental places to local populations also needs to be understood. We illustrate this with indicators based on access to four types of environmental space: ancient woodland, country parks, nature reserves and areas with natural cover. We illustrate how both the stock and access based indicators could be used to benchmark Local Authority Districts (LADs) across the whole of the UK. We explore how a range of indicators can be developed from readily available information to compare the quality of environmental places at a more local level, using The City of Nottingham LAD as an example. We also examine the potential to use a household survey, the UK Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment (MENE) to estimate demand for certain types of cultural practice and environmental place, and to use relationships revealed in this information to estimate the degree to which supply and demand for these practices and places match one another.
Effect of electromagnetic treatment of saline water on soil and crops

Two experiments were carried out to study the effect of the electromagnetic treatment of saline water on seed germination of corn and the response of soil and potato crop irrigated with such water. The experiments were performed under controlled conditions with different water quality and soil texture. The electromagnetic water treatment was applied using Aqua 4D physical water treatment device. Results showed a significant increase in germination rate of corn seedlings watered with electromagnetic treated saline water (EC 4 dS m 1) particularly when water was exposed to electromagnetic fields for 15 min. The experiments carried on potato crop with two soil textures, showed a significant increase in tuber yield when irrigated with electromagnetic treated water. It was also observed a significant decrease of soil salinity (ECe) Na+ and Cl contents of soils irrigated with electromagnetic treated saline water compared to the soils irrigated with non treated saline water. In contrast, compared to both treatments (control treatment and saline water treatment) the electromagnetic saline water treatment produced non significant effect on tuber yield, Mg2+ and HCO 3 However, the electromagnetic treatment of saline water increased significantly K+ N and P adsorption in all tissues of potato and decreased significantly the adverse effects of saline water. Based on our results, electromagnetic treatment of saline water can reduce the negative effect of salinity on corn germination and potato crop and increase yield in about 10% in test conditions.
Terrestrial planets across space and time

The study of cosmology, galaxy formation and exoplanets has now advanced to a stage where a cosmic inventory of terrestrial planets may be attempted. By coupling semi analytic models of galaxy formation to a recipe that relates the occurrence of planets to the mass and metallicity of their host stars, we trace the population of terrestrial planets around both solar mass (FGK type) and lower mass (M dwarf) stars throughout all of cosmic history. We find that the mean age of terrestrial planets in the local Universe is $7\pm{}1$ Gyr for FGK hosts and $8\pm{}1$ Gyr for M dwarfs. We estimate that hot Jupiters have depleted the population of terrestrial planets around FGK stars by no more than \approx 10\ and that only \approx 10\ of the terrestrial planets at the current epoch are orbiting stars in a metallicity range for which such planets have yet to be confirmed. The typical terrestrial planet in the local Universe is located in a spheroid dominated galaxy with a total stellar mass comparable to that of the Milky Way. When looking at the inventory of planets throughout the whole observable Universe, we argue for a total of \approx 1\times 10^{19} and \approx 5\times 10^{20} terrestrial planets around FGK and M stars, respectively. Due to light travel time effects, the terrestrial planets on our past light cone exhibit a mean age of just $1.7\pm 0.2$ Gyr. These results are discussed in the context of cosmic habitability, the Copernican principle and searches for extraterrestrial intelligence at cosmological distances.
Operation of battery less and wireless sensor using magnetic resonance based wireless power transfer through concrete

Although the deployment of wireless sensors for structural sensing and monitoring is becoming popular, supplying power to these sensors remains as a daunting task. To address this issue, there have been large volume of ongoing energy harvesting studies that aimed to find a way to scavenge energy from surrounding ambient energy sources such as vibration, light and heat. In this study, a magnetic resonance based wireless power transfer (MR WPT) system is proposed so that sensors inside a concrete structure can be wirelessly powered by an external power source. MR WPT system offers need based active power transfer using an external power source, and allows wireless power transfer through 300 mm thick reinforced concrete with 21.34% and 17.29% transfer efficiency at distances of 450 mm and 500 mm, respectively. Because enough power to operate a typical wireless sensor can be instantaneously transferred using the proposed MR WPT system, no additional energy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors are required inside the wireless sensor, extending the expected life span of the sensor.
On the Regularistation of Non Reflecting Boundary Conditions Near Acoustic Resonance

In this paper we discuss the phenomenon of acoustic resonance in the context of nonreflecting boundary conditions and its impact on the analysis of turbomachinery blade flutter. Acoustic resonance is observed on the one hand when flutter curves, i.e. the aerodynamic damping as a function of the interblade phase angle, displays singularities at certain angles. On the other hand, the implementation of appropriate inlet and outlet boundary conditions naturally leads to the normal mode analysis of the Euler equations on eiher cylindrical (2D) or annular ducts (3D) To formulate boundary conditions one typically carries out the normal mode analysis and thus decomposes the space of normal modes as a direct sum of incoming and outgoing modes. This decomposition, however, breaks down when the generalised eigenvalue problem no longer produces a complete set of eigenvectors and one obtains non trivial Jordan blocks. Both phenomena are shown to be due to acoustic modes with vanishing normal group velocity. The main goal of this paper is to outline how the numerical boundary conditions can be regularised near acoustic resonance. The impact of this regularisation on the prediction of flutter stability is then demonstrated. Moreover, we interpret the regularisation as an interpolation between the exact non reflecting and the approximative characteristic, one dimensional boundary conditions.
In vitro shear bond strength of Y TZP ceramics to different core materials with the use of three primer/resin cement systems.
Venue: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry

and zirconia retainers is an important predictor of the success of a dental prosthesis. Nevertheless, because of its polycrystalline structure, zirconia cannot be etched and bonded to a conventional resin cement.  The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of 3 metal primer/resin cement systems on the shear bond strength (SBS) of 3 core materials bonded to yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y TZP) ceramic retainers.  Zirconia ceramic (Cercon) disks (5x3 mm) were airborne particle abraded, rinsed, and air dried. Disk shaped core specimens (7x7 mm) that were prepared of composite resin, Ni Cr, and zirconia were bonded to the zirconia ceramic disks by using one of 3 metal primer/cement systems: (Z Prime Plus/BisCem, Zirconia Primer/Multilink Automix, or Clearfil Ceramic Primer/Clearfil SA) SBS was tested in a universal testing machine. Stereomicroscopy was used to evaluate the failure mode of debonded specimens. Data were analyzed using 2 way ANOVA and post hoc analysis using the Scheffe procedure (a=.05) RESULTS Clearfil SA/Clearfil Ceramic Primer system with an Ni Cr core yielded the highest SBS value (19.03 MPa) whereas the lowest SBS value was obtained when Multilink Automix/Zirconia Primer system was used with the zirconia core group (4.09 MPa) Differences in mean SBS values among the cement/primer groups were statistically significant, except for Clearfil SA and BisCem with both composite resin and zirconia cores. Differences in mean SBS values among the core subgroups were not statistically significant, except for zirconia core with BisCem, Multilink, and Clearfil SA. The predominant failure mode was adhesive, except for Clearfil SA and BisCem luting agents with composite resin cores, which displayed cohesive failure, and Multilink Automix with a composite resin, core as well as Clearfil SA with Ni Cr cores, where the debonded specimens of each group displayed a mixed (adhesive/cohesive) failure pattern.  Use of the Clearfil SA/Clearfil Ceramic Primer system, based on methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) increased the bond strength of Y TZP ceramics to core materials.
Fundamental properties of epoxy resin modified cement grouts

The use of additives to improve the quality of cement grouts and their effects on strength, durability and resistance to chemical erosion of grouted soil or rock mass is crucial for geotechnical engineering, especially in foundation construction. The main objective of the current laboratory project was to comprehensively investigate the potential use of a two component water soluble epoxy resin to improve the properties of thick superplasticised cement grouts. The experiments were conducted using different epoxy resin dosages with cement grouts proportioned with a water to cement ratio of 0.5, 0.4 and 0.33. The results indicated that the addition of epoxy resin increases the 28 and 90 day compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and elastic modulus by up to 21% 84% and 190% respectively, despite the extension of the setting time. Additionally, the toughness, stability and resistance to acid attack of epoxy resin modified grouts appeared to improve significantly. On the other hand, grouts containing epoxy resin exhibited higher viscosity and yield stress values ranging from 0.09 to 0.67 Pa s and 10 45 Pa, respectively. This has to be considered when the viscosity of the grout is essential.