nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Delay analysis of SWCNT bundle interconnect for different technology nodes
Venue: 2016 9th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE)

In this paper the delay occurring in SWCNT bundle interconnect is analysed based on process related parameters and it is also compared to copper wire. The circuit parameters are calculated to develop an equivalent RLC model for both SWCNT and copper considering the practical constraints. This model is used to calculate the delay for local, intermediate and global interconnects by varying the bundle density and contact resistance. The relative effect of circuit parameters is analysed for different technology nodes. This paper also points out the most important parameter affecting the performance. Similarly, the equivalent circuit model for copper interconnect is developed and the delay is determined. The comparison of copper and CNT interconnect shows that the delay for CNT can be up to 2 times more than copper in local length. The delay of CNT interconnects in 16nm, 22nm and 45nm is less than copper in intermediate range. For global interconnects, the SWCNT delay is 0.3 0.5 times less than the delay of copper wire.
Image encryption and compression based on the generalized knight's tour, discrete cosine transform and chaotic maps
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications

An efficient and simple encryption and compression scheme for digital image is reported in this paper. This scheme is based on the algorithm of the generalized knight's tour, discrete cosine transform and non linear chaotic maps. In this scheme, according to the structure of compression, confusion and diffusion are attained by methods of the generalized knight's tour and chaotic maps. Firstly, the generalized knight's tour algorithm is utilized to scramble the pixels while the data correlation preserved. Then, the chaotic system is used to generate a pseudorandom permutation to encrypt the part of coefficients from discrete cosine transform for diffusion. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can gain robust security and a high compression ratio, which indicates that the proposed scheme is practicable.
Can Computers Foster Human Users' Creativity? Theory and Praxis of Mixed Initiative Co Creativity

This article discusses the impact of artificially intelligent computers to the process of design, play and educational activities. A computational process which has the necessary intelligence and creativity to take a proactive role in such activities can not only support human creativity but also foster it and prompt lateral thinking. The argument is made both from the perspective of human creativity, where the computational input is treated as an external stimulus which triggers re framing of humans' routines and mental associations, but also from the perspective of computational creativity where human input and initiative constrains the search space of the algorithm, enabling it to focus on specific possible solutions to a problem rather than globally search for the optimal. The article reviews four mixed initiative tools (for design and educational play) based on how they contribute to human machine co creativity. These paradigms serve different purposes, afford different human interaction methods and incorporate different computationally creative processes. Assessing how co creativity is facilitated on a per paradigm basis strengthens the theoretical argument and provides an initial seed for future work in the burgeoning domain of mixed initiative interaction.
Fuzzy Facebook privacy boundaries: Exploring mediated lurking, vague booking, and Facebook privacy management
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Managing privacy in the interconnected digital interaction environment of Facebook can be a complex yet vital endeavor. This study utilizes the theoretical framework of Communication Privacy Management (CPM) theory to explore relationships between concern about mediated lurking, strategic ambiguity (or vague booking) on Facebook, and Facebook privacy management. The study explores three hypotheses. Overall, 383 participants completed an online survey instrument. Greater concern about mediated lurking was related to more Facebook privacy management. More frequent use of strategic ambiguity on Facebook was related to less Facebook privacy management. Individuals who were more highly concerned about mediated lurking were also more likely to employ more frequent use of strategic ambiguity on Facebook. Men engaged in significantly greater use of strategic ambiguity on Facebook and enacted significantly less Facebook privacy management than did women. Implications and future research related to Facebook privacy management from a CPM perspective are explored. We use communication privacy management theory to explore Facebook privacy.Greater concern about mediated lurking is related to more privacy management.More frequent use of vague booking is related to less privacy management.Concern about mediated lurking is related to use of vague booking on Facebook.Men use more vague booking and enact less privacy management than do women.
An improved LOD specification for 3D building models
Venue: Comput. Environ. Urban Syst.

The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to differentiate multi scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in practice principally used to indicate the geometric detail of a model, primarily of buildings. Despite the popularity and the general acceptance of this categorisation, we argue in this paper that from a geometric point of view the five LODs are insufficient and that their specification is ambiguous. We solve these shortcomings with a better definition of LODs and their refinement. Hereby we present a refined set of 16 LODs focused on the grade of the exterior geometry of buildings, which provide a stricter specification and allow less modelling freedom. This series is a result of an exhaustive research into currently available 3D city models, production workflows, and capabilities of acquisition techniques. Our specification also includes two hybrid models that reflect common acquisition practices. The new LODs are in line with the LODs of CityGML 2.0, and are intended to supplement, rather than replace the geometric part of the current specification. While in our paper we focus on the geometric aspect of the models, our specification is compatible with different levels of semantic granularity. Furthermore, the improved LODs can be considered format agnostic. Among other benefits, the refined specification could be useful for companies for a better definition of their product portfolios, and for researchers to specify data requirements when presenting use cases of 3D city models. We support our refined LODs with experiments, proving their uniqueness by showing that each yields a different result in a 3D spatial operation.
EIE: Efficient Inference Engine on Compressed Deep Neural Network
Venue: 2016 ACM/IEEE 43rd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA)

State of the art deep neural networks (DNNs) have hundreds of millions of connections and are both computationally and memory intensive, making them difficult to deploy on embedded systems with limited hardware resources and power budgets. While custom hardware helps the computation, fetching weights from DRAM is two orders of magnitude more expensive than ALU operations, and dominates the required power. Previously proposed 'Deep Compression' makes it possible to fit large DNNs (AlexNet and VGGNet) fully in on chip SRAM. This compression is achieved by pruning the redundant connections and having multiple connections share the same weight. We propose an energy efficient inference engine (EIE) that performs inference on this compressed network model and accelerates the resulting sparse matrix vector multiplication with weight sharing. Going from DRAM to SRAM gives EIE 120x energy saving, Exploiting sparsity saves 10x, Weight sharing gives 8x, Skipping zero activations from ReLU saves another 3x. Evaluated on nine DNN benchmarks, EIE is 189x and 13x faster when compared to CPU and GPU implementations of the same DNN without compression. EIE has a processing power of 102 GOPS working directly on a compressed network, corresponding to 3 TOPS on an uncompressed network, and processes FC layers of AlexNet at 1.88x104 frames/sec with a power dissipation of only 600mW. It is 24,000x and 3,400x more energy efficient than a CPU and GPU respectively. Compared with DaDianNao, EIE has 2.9x, 19x and 3x better throughput, energy efficiency and area efficiency.
Mothers, Monsters, Heroes and Whores: Reinscribing Patriarchy in European Holocaust Films

This article examines the portrayal of female Gentile rescuers in Holocaust films. We analyze two recent and somewhat unconventional Eastern European films, Agnieszka Holland's In Darkness (Poland, 2011) and Jan Hrebejk's Divided We Fall (Czech Republic, 2000) which, to varying degrees, disrupt conventional narratives of selfless heroism and avoid the eroticized objectification of women common in many (particularly American) Holocaust films. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis reveals how these films also marginalize or erase women's roles as rescuers, either in preference to narratives of dominative masculine heroism or in order to undertake a politico religious appropriation of the Holocaust, each of which implicitly excludes and exploits the feminine. In both cases, the films trivialize women's particular and complex historical experiences, including sexual violence, and subordinate them to masculine interests.
Living a meaningful and ethical life in the face of great need: Responding to Singer's The Most Good You Can Do

Peter Singer's work over the last 43 years, starting with 'Famine, Affluence, and Morality' (1972) up to his most recent book The Most Good You Can Do (2015) is aimed at redrawing the line between charity and duty and convincing people, especially affluent people, that they have (significant) obligations to aid the needy. We hardly need to be reminded that 1/7th of the world's population lives in conditions of extreme poverty, struggling to meet their most basic needs. Nor do we doubt claims such as those made by UN General Secretary Ban Ki Moon that we are the first generation that can end poverty (Sachs 2005) But even individuals already convinced that there are (positive) duties to aid persons in need might seek further guidance to help them decide how they ought to live their lives given the great amount of poverty and suffering in the world and, In the Most Good You Can Do, Singer aims to provide this guidance. While I agree with Singer that we should be doing much more for the needy than we are currently doing, I am not convinced that the picture Singer paints of an ethical life that is, the life of an effective altruist is the life we ought to pursue. I do not dispute the fact that an effective altruist is living an ethical life but rather that the only way to live an ethical life is to be an effective altruist. In challenging the view Singer defends, I will sketch an alternative way of thinking about the following: (1) what it is to live an ethical life; and (2) what we should be doing to fulfill our duty to the needy, given that aiding the needy is an important part of living an ethical life.
The impact of degassing on the oxidation state of basaltic magmas: A case study of Kilauea volcano

Volcanic emissions link the oxidation state of the Earth's mantle to the composition of the atmosphere. Whether the oxidation state of an ascending magma follows a redox buffer hence preserving mantle conditions or deviates as a consequence of degassing remains under debate. Thus, further progress is required before erupted basalts can be used to infer the redox state of the upper mantle or the composition of their co emitted gases to the atmosphere. Here we present the results of X ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the iron K edge carried out for a series of melt inclusions and matrix glasses from ejecta associated with three eruptions of Kilauea volcano (Hawai'i) We show that the oxidation state of these melts is strongly correlated with their volatile content, particularly in respect of water and sulfur contents. We argue that sulfur degassing has played a major role in the observed reduction of iron in the melt, while the degassing of H2O and CO2 appears to have had a negligible effect on the melt oxidation state under the conditions investigated. Using gas melt equilibrium degassing models, we relate the oxidation state of the melt to the composition of the gases emitted at Kilauea. Our measurements and modelling yield a lower constraint on the oxygen fugacity of the mantle source beneath Kilauea volcano, which we infer to be near the nickel nickel oxide (NNO) buffer. Our findings should be widely applicable to other basaltic systems and we predict that the oxidation state of the mantle underneath most hotspot volcanoes is more oxidised than that of the associated lavas. We also suggest that whether the oxidation states of a basalt (in particular MORB) reflects that of its source, is primarily determined by the extent of sulfur degassing.
Identity Transformation During the Transition to Parenthood Among Same Sex Couples: An Ecological, Stress Strategy Adaptation Perspective.
Venue: Journal of family theory review

This article reviews the current research on the potential stressors associated with identity transformation experienced by same sex couples during the transition to parenthood and the coping strategies they employ. By integrating disparate findings into an ecological, stress strategy adaptation framework, we demonstrate that the identity transformation experiences among same sex couples during the transition to parenthood (a) involve various adaptive processes of navigating different stressors via their human agency within multiple nested contexts; (b) are products of the intersections of individual characteristics, relational dynamics, LGBT community culture, and heterosexual sociostructural norms; and (c) are complicated by social contextual factors such as social class, race/ethnicity, family structure, and the sociocultural environment associated with geographic location. Last, several avenues for future inquiry are suggested.
The Semiotics of Emoji: The Rise of Visual Language in the Age of the Internet

Emoji have gone from being virtually unknown to being a central topic in internet communication. What is behind the rise and rise of these winky faces, clinking glasses and smiling poos? Given the sheer variety of verbal communication on the internet and English's still controversial role as lingua mundi for the web, these icons have emerged as a compensatory universal language. The Semiotics of Emoji looks at what is officially the world's fastest growing form of communication. Emoji, the colourful symbols and glyphs that represent everything from frowning disapproval to red faced shame, are fast becoming embedded into digital communication. Controlled by a centralized body and regulated across the web, emoji seems to be a language: but is it? The rapid adoption of emoji in such a short span of time makes it a rich study in exploring the functions of language. Professor Marcel Danesi, an internationally known expert in semiotics, branding and communication, answers the pertinent questions. Are emoji making us dumber? Can they ultimately replace language? Will people grow up emoji literate as well as digitally native? Can there be such a thing as a Universal Visual Language? Read this book for the answers.
LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) of EVP engineering veneer product: plywood glued using a vacuum moulding technology from green veneers

The production of plywood represents a major proportion of engineered wood products. The traditional manufacturing process requires very thorough drying of the wood before gluing. Gluing green wood is a new technology which can be applied to plywood vacuum moulding. Gluing wood when it is in a green state can be done, because it can be dried by the vacuum at the same time that pressure is applied for the gluing. The main interest of this method is that it reduces considerably the number of steps in its manufacture. The aim of this paper is to propose a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in order to validate the use of the vacuum process with green veneers. The types of glue, the gluing techniques (by vacuum or traditional methods) and the wood varieties have been compared. The functional analysis focused on 4 traditional plywood in order to compare it with our product. The 5 products meet the quality requirements of plywood EN 13986 (2004) The environmental modelling was carried out according to the ISO 14040, standard of life cycle assessment, principles and framework, starting from existing data bases and from measurements taken on manufacturing sites and during the testing. The model shows that there is a significant interest in the technology of gluing green wood with a vacuum process compared to the conventional approach. For an industrial use, the disadvantage of this new technology is the use of consumables but that could be reduced considerably in industrial production by using reusable consumables.
A Route Map for Implementing Last Planner(r) System in Bogota, Colombia

In recent years, Lean Construction (LC) has come to be known among the construction industry in Colombia for its proven waste reduction potential, ability to increase value and improvement of project performance overall. The Last Planner(r) System (LPS) is one of the most valued and commonly used LC methodology in Colombia, however, there is not enough clarity about how it works or how to properly apply it. To this extent, this qualitative research proposes a route map for implementing LPS in Bogota, based on a review of its current application, in order to guide companies toward a proper use of it. The assessment was carried out throughout a benchmarking process known as The Reading Model in which four of the eighteen competing companies that use LPS, were evaluated in terms of their commitment and scope in each aspect of the three main LC pillars: culture, philosophy and technology. The aim of the research is to identify possible improvements for the LPS implementation and to adapt the True North route map to the assessed context. Despite the fact that only four companies participated, it was found that all of them face similar barriers related to contractors' engagement, reluctance to change and lack of training.
Tidal energy leasing and tidal phasing

In addition to technical and economic constraints, tidal energy leasing is generally governed by demand for sites which contain the highest tidal streams, and does not take into account the phase relationship (i.e. the time lag) between sites. Here, the outputs of a three dimensional tidal model are analysed to demonstrate that there is minimal phase diversity among the high tidal stream regions of the NW European shelf seas. It is therefore possible, under the current leasing system, that the electricity produced by the first generation of tidal stream arrays will similarly be in phase. Extending the analysis to lower tidal stream regions, we demonstrate that these lower energy sites offer more potential for phase diversity, with a mean phase difference of 1.25 h, compared to the phase of high energy sites, and hence more scope for supplying firm power to the electricity grid. We therefore suggest that a state led leasing strategy, favouring the development of sites which are complementary in phase, and not simply sites which experience the highest current speeds, would encourage a sustainable tidal energy industry.
Ecovillages, Restitution, and the Political Economic Opportunity Structure: An Urban Case Study in Mitigating the Metabolic Rift

In cities around the world, environmental concerns have spurred urban activists to organize alternative forms of settlement. Here, we assess efforts by one ecovillage in the Pacific Northwest to change their lifestyles in accordance with ecological principles. Drawing from the concepts of restitution and the political economic opportunity structure (PEOS) we find that ecovillagers intend to mitigate the antagonism between humans and nature, but they face limitations from the larger urban and political economic contexts. As such, this study describes the routine practices and experiences of urban ecovillagers as an example of the micro level dynamics and tensions implied in metabolic rift theory.
'Where is the large garden that awaits me? Critique through spatial practice in a Hungarian ecological community

Hungarian ecovillage dwellers are mostly 'moved out of town' i.e. ex urban, middle class intellectuals whose narratives, besides the crisis narrative and ecological principles, contain an urban rural dichotomy as well. The ecovillagers' aim is to operate a settlement causing as little damage as possible to the natural environment as well as to set up an autonomous community where functions necessary for human life (housing, employment, suitable environment for leisure time, social life and trading) can be implemented in one place. The village is considered to be the most ideal form for this. One of the main elements in the ecovillage concept is therefore space and localization. Ecovillages, due to their specific condition, raise many questions in relation to space, place and identity: what motivates the ecovillage dwellers to change location and what critical elements are there. Do they experience real bonding with the new place? Do they belong to that particular land, the settlement, or rather to the ideology? What spatial practices characterize this type of settling down and how does the given ecovillage become a meaningful place and home for individuals? The aim of this study was to look for answers in one particular community.
Fusion Based Deep CNN for Improved Large Scale Image Action Recognition
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM)

Still image based action recognition is a process of labeling actions captured in still images. We propose a fusion method that concatenates two and three deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) After examining the classification accuracy of each deep CNN candidates, we inserted a 100 dimensional fully connected layer and extracted features from the new 100 dimensional and the last fully connected layers to create a pool of candidate layers. We form our fusion models by concatenating two or three layers from this pool one from each model and trained and tested them on the large scale Stanford 40 Actions still image dataset. We forwarded the concatenated features to Random Forest and SVM for classification. Our experiments show that our fusion of two deep CNN models achieved better accuracy than the individual models, with the best performing fusion duo of 80.351% accuracy. The fusion of three models increases the accuracy even further, performing better than both the individual and the fusion of two models, with 81.146% accuracy. Moreover, we also investigate the classification difficulty level of the Stanford 40 Actions category.
Survey of Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Deep Learning Training

Deep learning (DL) is a type of machine learning that mimics the thinking patterns of a human brain to learn the new abstract features automatically by deep and hierarchi cal layers. DL is implemented by deep neural network (DNN) which has multihidden layers. DNN is developed from traditional artificial neural network (ANN) However, in the training process of DL, it has certain inefficiency due to very long training time required. Meta heuristic aims to find good or near optimal solutions at a reasonable computational cost. In this article, meta heuristic algorithms are reviewed, such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for traditional neural network's training and parameter optimization. Thereafter the possibilities of applying meta heuristic algorithms on DL training and parameter optimization are discussed.