nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Los paisajes del despojo: propuestas para un analisis desde las reconfiguraciones socioespaciales

espanolEste articulo propone algunos elementos claves para el estudio de los procesos y las dinamicas de despojo desde una perspectiva espacial. Luego de rastrear como se ha llenado de contenido la categoria en el contexto particular colombiano, la autora propone una definicion del despojo a partir de dos aspectos: 1) su capacidad de reconfigurar violentamente el espacio y 2) su dimension gradual y ordinaria. Basandose en la historia reciente del parque Tayrona y de Montes de Maria en el Caribe colombiano, el articulo examina distintos mecanismos de despojo y como estos resultan en la produccion (y destruccion) del espacio a traves de practicas cotidianas. Como se sugiere, el analisis de los paisajes resultantes posibilita una comprension mas profunda del despojo, asi como de sus articulaciones especificas con la violencia y la desigualdad. EnglishThis article suggests some key elements for the study of the processes and dynamics of dispossession from a spatial perspective. After pointing out the particular meanings of the category for the Colombian context, the author suggests a definition of dispossession based on two aspects: i) its capacity to violently reconfigure space and ii) its gradual and ordinary dimension. Based on the recent history of Tayrona Park and Montes de Maria in the Colombian Caribbean, the article examines different mechanisms of dispossession and how they result in the production (and destruction) of space through everyday practices. As it is suggested, the analysis of the resulting landscapes makes possible a deeper understanding of dispossession, and their specific articulations with violence and inequality.
UNOISE2: improved error correction for Illumina 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing

Amplicon sequencing of tags such as 16S and ITS ribosomal RNA is a popular method for investigating microbial populations. In such experiments, sequence errors caused by PCR and sequencing are difficult to distinguish from true biological variation. I describe UNOISE2, an updated version of the UNOISE algorithm for denoising (error correcting) Illumina amplicon reads and show that it has comparable or better accuracy than DADA2.
Extending the lifetime of a quantum bit with error correction in superconducting circuits
Venue: Nature

Quantum error correction (QEC) can overcome the errors experienced by qubits and is therefore an essential component of a future quantum computer. To implement QEC, a qubit is redundantly encoded in a higher dimensional space using quantum states with carefully tailored symmetry properties. Projective measurements of these parity type observables provide error syndrome information, with which errors can be corrected via simple operations. The 'break even' point of QEC at which the lifetime of a qubit exceeds the lifetime of the constituents of the system has so far remained out of reach. Although previous works have demonstrated elements of QEC, they primarily illustrate the signatures or scaling properties of QEC codes rather than test the capacity of the system to preserve a qubit over time. Here we demonstrate a QEC system that reaches the break even point by suppressing the natural errors due to energy loss for a qubit logically encoded in superpositions of Schrodinger cat states of a superconducting resonator. We implement a full QEC protocol by using real time feedback to encode, monitor naturally occurring errors, decode and correct. As measured by full process tomography, without any post selection, the corrected qubit lifetime is 320 microseconds, which is longer than the lifetime of any of the parts of the system: 20 times longer than the lifetime of the transmon, about 2.2 times longer than the lifetime of an uncorrected logical encoding and about 1.1 longer than the lifetime of the best physical qubit (the |0> f and |1> f Fock states of the resonator) Our results illustrate the benefit of using hardware efficient qubit encodings rather than traditional QEC schemes. Furthermore, they advance the field of experimental error correction from confirming basic concepts to exploring the metrics that drive system performance and the challenges in realizing a fault tolerant system.
Seeing like PISA: A cautionary tale about the performativity of international assessments

PISA is an extremely influential large scale assessment, and its 'policy lessons' are being incorporated in a range of nations all over the world. In this paper I argue that not only is PISA influencing policies and practices, but also that 'seeing like PISA' is becoming a widespread phenomenon. Globally, education administration is now characterized by an intense focus on output measurement, a highly competitive environment heightened by national and international rankings, and an economic and instrumentalist approach to education and education reform. Using James Scott's account of 18th Century German forestry practices as a parable, this paper suggests that 'seeing like PISA' could have far reaching and damaging effects. The paper proposes the following: first, understanding PISA as a 'project of legibility' enhances our appreciation of its purposes and possibilities. Second, PISA is much more than a 'representation' of existing conditions, but is creating new conditions in other words, it is not descriptive but performative; and, finally, 'seeing like PISA' is bringing about deep rooted changes, and it is likely that the effects will be very long term. Some of these effects may only manifest themselves in the next fifteen or twenty years; and, by then, the possibilities of redressing some of the ill effects may be very limited.
Mannan biotechnology: from biofuels to health
Venue: Critical reviews in biotechnology

Mannans of different structure and composition are renewable bioresources that can be widely found as components of lignocellulosic biomass in softwood and agricultural wastes, as non starch reserve polysaccharides in endosperms and vacuoles of a wide variety of plants, as well as a major component of yeast cell walls. Enzymatic hydrolysis of mannans using mannanases is essential in the pre treatment step during the production of second generation biofuels and for the production of potentially health promoting manno oligosaccharides (MOS) In addition, mannan degrading enzymes can be employed in various biotechnological applications, such as cleansing and food industries. In this review, fundamental knowledge of mannan structures, sources and functions will be summarized. An update on various aspects of mannan degrading enzymes as well as the current status of their production, and a critical analysis of the potential application of MOS in food and feed industries will be given. Finally, emerging areas of research on mannan biotechnology will be highlighted.
Novel vaccines targeting dendritic cells by coupling allergoids to nonoxidized mannan enhance allergen uptake and induce functional regulatory T cells through programmed death ligand 1.
Venue: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only curative treatment for allergy. AIT faces pitfalls related to efficacy, security, duration, and patient compliance. Novel vaccines overcoming such inconveniences are in demand.  We sought to study the immunologic mechanisms of action for novel vaccines targeting dendritic cells (DCs) generated by coupling glutaraldehyde polymerized grass pollen allergoids to nonoxidized mannan (PM) compared with glutaraldehyde polymerized allergoids (P) or native grass pollen extracts (N) METHODS Skin prick tests and basophil activation tests with N, P, or PM were performed in patients with grass pollen allergy. IgE blocking experiments, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, cocultures, suppression assays, real time quantitative PCR, ELISAs, and ELISpot assays were performed to assess allergen capture by human DCs and T cell responses. BALB/c mice were immunized with PM, N, or P. Antibody levels, cytokine production by splenocytes, and splenic forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) regulatory T (Treg) cells were quantified. Experiments with oxidized PM were also performed.  PM displays in vivo hypoallergenicity, induces potent blocking antibodies, and is captured by human DCs much more efficiently than N or P by mechanisms depending on mannose receptor and dendritic cell specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 grabbing nonintegrin mediated internalization. PM endorses human DCs to generate functional FOXP3( Treg cells through programmed death ligand 1. Immunization of mice with PM induces a shift to nonallergic responses and increases the frequency of splenic FOXP3( Treg cells. Mild oxidation impairs these effects in human subjects and mice, demonstrating the essential role of preserving the carbohydrate structure of mannan.  Allergoids conjugated to nonoxidized mannan represent suitable vaccines for AIT. Our findings might also be of the utmost relevance to development of therapeutic interventions in other immune tolerance related diseases.
Metformin Has a Positive Therapeutic Effect on Prostate Cancer in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,
Venue: The American journal of the medical sciences

Prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are both common diseases found in the elderly male population. The diabetic drug, metformin, has been shown to have antineoplastic properties and demonstrated better treatment outcomes when used as adjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer. The hormonally sensitive cancer analogous to breast cancer in men is prostate cancer. We investigated improved survival, lower risks of recurrences, and lower, more stable levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in patients with DM2 along with prostate cancer on metformin.  Patients with prostate cancer along with DM2 who remained on metformin were compared with controls who were not on metformin matched by age, weight, race and Gleason score cancer staging. The endpoints of our study included final PSA values, number of recurrences, metastases and number living for each group.  There were significantly fewer deaths (23% versus 10% fewer recurrences (15% versus 8% fewer metastases (5% versus 0% and fewer secondary cancers (17% versus 6% in the metformin group (P 0.004) The final PSA value was lower in the metformin treated group with a result approaching significance (P 0.067) The primary treatments for prostate cancer (ie, surgery, radiation and androgen depletion) were found to be comparable in both the groups.  Our retrospective study shows that adjuvant metformin therapy leads to a better prognosis in prostate cancer. Not only are PSA levels controlled for several years but also there are significantly fewer cancer recurrences in metformin treated patients. Overall, these results are promising and should be followed up with a prospective study to assess long term survival.
Virtual U: Defeating Face Liveness Detection by Building Virtual Models from Your Public Photos
Venue: USENIX Security Symposium

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to bypass modern face authentication systems. More specifically, by leveraging a handful of pictures of the target user taken from social media, we show how to create realistic, textured, 3D facial models that undermine the security of widely used face authentication solutions. Our framework makes use of virtual reality (VR) systems, incorporating along the way the ability to perform animations (e.g. raising an eyebrow or smiling) of the facial model, in order to trick liveness detectors into believing that the 3D model is a real human face. The synthetic face of the user is displayed on the screen of the VR device, and as the device rotates and translates in the real world, the 3D face moves accordingly. To an observing face authentication system, the depth and motion cues of the display match what would be expected for a human face. We argue that such VR based spoofing attacks constitute a fundamentally new class of attacks that point to a serious weaknesses in camera based authentication systems: Unless they incorporate other sources of verifiable data, systems relying on color image data and camera motion are prone to attacks via virtual realism. To demonstrate the practical nature of this threat, we conduct thorough experiments using an end to end implementation of our approach and show how it undermines the security of several face authentication solutions that include both motion based and liveness detectors.
How "phubbing" becomes the norm: The antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Smartphones allow people to connect with others from almost anywhere at any time. However, there is growing concern that smartphones may actually sometimes detract, rather than complement, social interactions. The term "phubbing" represents the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one's phone instead of talking to the person directly. The current study was designed to examine some of the psychological antecedents and consequences of phubbing behavior. We examined the contributing roles of Internet addiction, fear of missing out, self control, and smartphone addiction, and how the frequency of phubbing behavior and of being phubbed may both lead to the perception that phubbing is normative. The results revealed that Internet addiction, fear of missing out, and self control predicted smartphone addiction, which in turn predicted the extent to which people phub. This path also predicted the extent to which people feel that phubbing is normative, both via (a) the extent to which people are phubbed themselves, and (b) independently. Further, gender moderated the relationship between the extent to which people are phubbed and their perception that phubbing is normative. The present findings suggest that phubbing is an important factor in modern communication that warrants further investigation. Internet addiction, FoMOs, and self control predict smartphone addiction.Smartphone addiction predicts phubbing behavior and phubbee experiences.Phubbing and phubbee experiences predict the perceived normativity of phubbing.Gender moderates the relationship between phubbee experiences and perceived norms.
Why Phubbing is Toxic for your Relationship: Understanding the Role of Smartphone Jealousy among "Generation y" Users
Venue: ECIS

Coined as "phubbing" excessive use of smartphones in the romantic context has been shown to represent a barrier to meaningful communication, causing conflict, lowering relationship satisfaction, and undermining individual well being. While these findings project a dire picture of the future of romance, the mechanisms behind the detrimental influence of partner phubbing on relationship relevant markers are still little understood. Considering prior evidence that partner phubbing leads to the loss of exclusive attention towards the other party, we argue that these are rather the feelings of jealousy partner phubbing is triggering that are responsible for the negative relational outcomes. Based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative responses from "generation Y" users, we find that partner phubbing is associated with heightened feelings of jealousy, which is inversely related to couple's relational cohesion. Moreover, jealousy plays a mediating role in the relationship between partner's smartphone use and relational cohesion, acting as a mechanism behind this undesirable link. Challenging the frequently promoted euphoria with regard to permanent "connectedness" our study contributes to a growing body of IS research that addresses dark sides of information technology use and provides corresponding implications for IS practitioners.
Mouvements oculaires chez l'enfant dyslexique

La dyslexie developpementale est un trouble neuro developpemental qui affecte specifiquement l'apprentissage du langage ecrit d'environ 10% des enfants en age scolaire. Ces dernieres annees, plusieurs etudes ont montre la presence des anomalies oculomotrices chez les enfants dyslexiques. Toutefois, plusieurs questions sur la performance oculomotrice des enfants dyslexiques sont encore sans reponse ou restent peu etudiees.Dans cette these, nous avons realise trois etudes afin d'examiner l'oculomotricite des enfants dyslexiques comparativement a celle des enfants non dyslexiques. Pour la premiere fois, nous avons enregistre les saccades verticales chez les enfants dyslexiques (etude 1) Les resultats ont montre que, compares aux enfants non dyslexiques de meme age chronologique, les enfants dyslexiques avaient des latences plus longues, de faibles precisions et des vitesses saccadiques ayant une asymetrie haut/bas. Les etudes 2 et 3 nous ont permis d'elargir les investigations, respectivement, sur la fixation visuelle et sur la reconnaissance visuo auditive phonologique chez les enfants dyslexiques. Nous avons reporte une fixation visuelle et une reconnaissance visuo auditive phonologique de faible qualite chez les enfants dyslexiques par rapport aux groupes d'enfants non dyslexiques de meme age chronologique et de meme age de lecture.Nous avons suggere que le developpement atypique du systeme visuel magnocellulaire, de meme que celui des structures cortico sous corticales et des difficultes attentionnelles expliqueraient les perturbations oculomotrices des enfants dyslexiques. Ainsi, nous avons propose des voies de reeducation oculomotrice en vue de contribuer a l'amelioration des capacites de lecture des enfants dyslexiques. Mouvements oculaires, saccades, fixations, systeme visuel, cortex visuel, structures cortico sous corticales, attention, dyslexie developpementale.
Portable real time DCT based steganography using OpenCL
Venue: Journal of Real Time Image Processing

In this paper, a steganographic method for real time data hiding is proposed. The main goal of the research is to develop steganographic method with increased robustness to unintentional image processing attacks. In addition, we prove the validity of the method in real time applications. The method is based on a discrete cosine transform (DCT) where the values of a DCT coefficients are modified in order to hide data. This modification is invisible to a human observer. We further the investigation by implementing the proposed method using different target architectures and analyze their performance. Results show that the proposed method is very robust to image compression, scaling and blurring. In addition, modification of the image is imperceptible even though the number of embedded bits is high. The steganalysis of the method shows that the detection of the modification of the image is unreliable for a lower relative payload size embedded. Analysis of OpenCL implementation of the proposed method on four different target architectures shows considerable speedups.
The complex relationship between school policy, service quality, satisfaction, and loyalty for educational tour bus services: A multilevel modeling approach

The results of this study provide useful information for schools and bus companies. Schools are offered guidance as to how to choose quality bus services, and bus firms are given ideas as to how to be profitable by building customer loyalty and satisfaction. For this purpose, data were gathered through a mail survey of 3261 teachers from 742 schools. The study applied a multilevel SEM technique to investigate a research question that had not been previously studied. The results from the model indicated that service quality has a positive influence on satisfaction, which was found to be significantly and positively related to loyalty at both the individual and school levels. The quality of bus services was measured using three factors: type of vehicle, driver response, and bus management. These factors were determined to be priorities for bus businesses in developing user loyalty and satisfaction. When investigating the school level, factors related to government allocated school resources, participation, and safety policies were found to have a significant direct effect on service quality.
Transanal total mesorectal excision: technical aspects of approaching the mesorectal plane from below
Venue: Minimally invasive therapy allied technologies MITAT official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy

Standardization of transanal total mesorectal excision requires the delineation of the principal procedural components before implementation in practice. This technique is a bottom up approach to a proctectomy with the goal of a complete mesorectal excision for optimal outcomes of oncologic treatment. A detailed stepwise description of the approach with technical pearls is provided to optimize one's understanding of this technique and contribute to reducing the inherent risk of beginning a new procedure. Surgeons should be trained according to standardized pathways including online preparation, observational or hands on courses as well as the potential for proctorship of early cases experiences. Furthermore, technological pearls with access to the "video in photo" (VIP) function, allow surgeons to link some of the images in this article to operative demonstrations of certain aspects of this technique.
The Fear of Missing out Scale: Validation of the Arabic Version and Correlation with Social Media Addiction

This study seeks to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic version of the Fear of Missing out scale (FoMO) FoMO is defined as. "A pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent, FoMO is characterized by the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing." Factor analysis showed the Arabic FoMO scale to consist of two distinct factors. Reliability tests indicated that the two factors had good internal consistency. Concurrent validity analysis based on correlating FoMO with a scale measuring social media addiction yielded highly significant results supporting its suitability for use in further research. Future research should do further testing of the scale's reliability and validity in different parts of the Arabic speaking world to uncover its strengths and weaknesses and the possible need for additional refinement.
Dysregulation of the dopamine system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience

The dopamine system is unique among the brain's modulatory systems in that it has discrete projections to specific brain regions involved in motor behaviour, cognition and emotion. Dopamine neurons exhibit several activity patterns including tonic and phasic firing that are determined by a combination of endogenous pacemaker conductances and regulation by multiple afferent systems. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in these regulatory systems may underlie the pathophysiology of several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression.