nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Job Stress among Teaching Faculty A Review

Teachers are the most resourceful persons not only for schools and colleges but also for the society. They shape the society through their mighty intervention in the life of students. Stress is unavoidable part of life due to increasing workload and complexities in daily life. Now a days the world is said to be world of achievement and also the world of stress. Stress is anywhere and everywhere, whether it is in family, friends, business, institute or society. Right form birth to death, each and every individual exposed to stress. In this present study, the investigator explored the pertinent factors relating to Job Stress among Teachers by reviewing the relevant literatures from the previous studies. The analysis of studies related to job stress, revealed that stress among teachers are very high level in the present scenario. Hence, the government needs to be aware of these factors of stress and to take necessary steps along with private management, in order to reduce job stress among teachers.
Coming of Age in Chicago: The 1893 World's Fair and the Coalescence of American Anthropology

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Fundamentals of radio chemical physics of the Earth's atmosphere
Venue: Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Basics of the radiochemical physics of the Earth atmosphere are discussed. This area of science studies the resonance interactions of the electromagnetic waves with the gaseous media containing the Rydberg molecular complexes that occupy D and E layers of the upper atmosphere during solar flares. This interaction is responsible for the distortion of the signals from the satellite groups. The radiation transitions between orbitally degenerate states of these complexes form the non coherent additional background radiation on the radio (UHV) and infrared (IR) ranges. The radiation in these wave ranges is of primary importance in a number of fundamental researches and is widely used in some technical applications. The areas considered in this paper include: the dynamics of processes in the upper atmosphere during increase of solar activity leading to the formation of incoherent additional background radiation; the distant passive location of the soil humidity and the salinity of the ocean waters; the distant radio sounding of the electromagnetic properties of the surface layers of the Earth for determining their structure and content; the technology of efficient and uninterrupted operation of energy networks by synchronizing the measuring equipment in view of the possible failures of the satellite signals; the use of the global positioning systems as a tool for monitoring the state of the atmosphere. In the present work the description is given of the most perspective applications of the above mentioned areas of the radiochemical physics of the atmosphere whose robustness is substantially depends on the current state of the upper atmosphere. We analyze the problems that arise here and provide their specific solutions. The prospects for the development of these applications are discussed, as well as those areas of research that are just coming up.
Understanding Student Attitudes about Distance Education: The Importance of Excitement and Fear.

T he purpose of the present study is to further understand faculty attitudes about distance education by exploring the psychological processes through which these attitudes are influenced. We explored the following research question: Do feelings of excitement versus fear mediate and/or moderate the relationship between online teaching experience and various faculty attitudes about online education? Survey data from 152 part and full time faculty from a midsize public university in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States was utilized. Multiple regression analyses revealed that excitement versus fear mediates the relationship between online teaching experience and all of our outcome variables, and that excitement versus fear moderates the relationship between online teaching experience and the extent to which faculty feel that their institution is pushing too much instruction online. Our results demonstrate the importance of excitement versus fear in explaining why some faculty have negative rather than positive attitudes about distance education. Our results suggest that university administrators may find it helpful to implement policies and practices that instill a sense of excitement about distance education in all faculty.
The impact of high performance work systems on firm performance: The moderating effects of the human resource function's influence

With data collected from 632 manufacturing firms in South Korea, we investigated (1) the relationship between high performance work systems (HPWSs) and firm performance, and (2) the moderating effect of the human resource (HR) function's influence on the relationship between HPWSs and firm performance. Our findings showed the existence of both the main effect of HPWSs, supporting the universalistic perspective, and the moderating effect of the HR function's influence, supporting the contingency perspective. Based on the findings, we concluded that HPWSs can be regarded as universal or best practices; at the same time, the presence of an influential HR function may intensify the effect of HPWSs on firm performance. This study contributes to the debate over the respective merits of the universalistic and contingency perspectives by showing that the two perspectives are not necessarily incompatible; rather, they can be complementary.
Weight Loss and Health Status 3 Years after Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine

Bariatric surgery is increasingly considered for the treatment of adolescents with severe obesity, but few prospective adolescent specific studies examining the efficacy and safety of weight loss surgery are available to support clinical decision making.  We prospectively enrolled 242 adolescents undergoing weight loss surgery at five U.S. centers. Patients undergoing Roux en Y gastric bypass (161 participants) or sleeve gastrectomy (67) were included in the analysis. Changes in body weight, coexisting conditions, cardiometabolic risk factors, and weight related quality of life and postoperative complications were evaluated through 3 years after the procedure.  The mean SD) baseline age of the participants was 17+ 1.6 years, and the mean body mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) was 53; 75% of the participants were female, and 72% were white. At 3 years after the procedure, the mean weight had decreased by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25 to 29) in the total cohort, by 28% (95% CI, 25 to 30) among participants who underwent gastric bypass, and by 26% (95% CI, 22 to 30) among those who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. By 3 years after the procedure, remission of type 2 diabetes occurred in 95% (95% CI, 85 to 100) of participants who had had the condition at baseline, remission of abnormal kidney function occurred in 86% (95% CI, 72 to 100) remission of prediabetes in 76% (95% CI, 56 to 97) remission of elevated blood pressure in 74% (95% CI, 64 to 84) and remission of dyslipidemia in 66% (95% CI, 57 to 74) Weight related quality of life also improved significantly. However, at 3 years after the bariatric procedure, hypoferritinemia was found in 57% (95% CI, 50 to 65) of the participants, and 13% (95% CI, 9 to 18) of the participants had undergone one or more additional intraabdominal procedures.  In this multicenter, prospective study of bariatric surgery in adolescents, we found significant improvements in weight, cardiometabolic health, and weight related quality of life at 3 years after the procedure. Risks associated with surgery included specific micronutrient deficiencies and the need for additional abdominal procedures. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and others; Teen LABS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00474318.
Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA

Importance Effective long term treatments are needed to address the obesity epidemic. Numerous wearable technologies specific to physical activity and diet are available, but it is unclear if these are effective at improving weight loss.  To test the hypothesis that, compared with a standard behavioral weight loss intervention (standard intervention) a technology enhanced weight loss intervention (enhanced intervention) would result in greater weight loss.  Randomized clinical trial conducted at the University of Pittsburgh and enrolling 471 adult participants between October 2010 and October 2012, with data collection completed by December 2014.  Participants were placed on a low calorie diet, prescribed increases in physical activity, and had group counseling sessions. At 6 months, the interventions added telephone counseling sessions, text message prompts, and access to study materials on a website. At 6 months, participants randomized to the standard intervention group initiated self monitoring of diet and physical activity using a website, and those randomized to the enhanced intervention group were provided with a wearable device and accompanying web interface to monitor diet and physical activity.  The primary outcome of weight was measured over 24 months at 6 month intervals, and the primary hypothesis tested the change in weight between 2 groups at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included body composition, fitness, physical activity, and dietary intake.  Among the 471 participants randomized (body mass index [BMI] 25 to <40; age range, 18 35 years; 28.9% nonwhite, 77.2% women) 470 (233 in the standard intervention group, 237 in the enhanced intervention group) initiated the interventions as randomized, and 74.5% completed the study. For the enhanced intervention group, mean base line weight was 96.3 kg (95% CI, 94.2 98.5) and 24 month weight 92.8 kg (95% CI, 90.6 95.0) [corrected] For the standard intervention group, mean baseline weight was 95.2kg (95%CI,93.0 97.3)and24 month weight was 89.3 kg (95%CI, 87.1 91.5) [corrected] Weight change at 24 months differed significantly by intervention group (estimated mean weight loss, 3.5 kg [95% CI, 2.6 4.5} in the enhanced intervention group and 5.9 kg [95% CI, 5.0 6.8] in the standard intervention group; difference, 2.4 kg [95% CI, 1.0 3.7] P .002) Both groups had significant improvements in body composition, fitness, physical activity, and diet, with no significant difference between groups.  Among young adults with a BMI between 25 and less than 40, the addition of a wearable technology device to a standard behavioral intervention resulted in less weight loss over 24 months. Devices that monitor and provide feedback on physical activity may not offer an advantage over standard behavioral weight loss approaches.
Effects of Moderate and Subsequent Progressive Weight Loss on Metabolic Function and Adipose Tissue Biology in Humans with Obesity.
Venue: Cell metabolism

Although 5% 10% weight loss is routinely recommended for people with obesity, the precise effects of 5% and further weight loss on metabolic health are unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled trial that evaluated the effects of 5.1% 0.9% (n 19) 10.8% 1.3% (n 9) and 16.4% 2.1% (n 9) weight loss and weight maintenance (n 14) on metabolic outcomes. 5% weight loss improved adipose tissue, liver and muscle insulin sensitivity, and b cell function, without a concomitant change in systemic or subcutaneous adipose tissue markers of inflammation. Additional weight loss further improved b cell function and insulin sensitivity in muscle and caused stepwise changes in adipose tissue mass, intrahepatic triglyceride content, and adipose tissue expression of genes involved in cholesterol flux, lipid synthesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that moderate 5% weight loss improves metabolic function in multiple organs simultaneously, and progressive weight loss causes dose dependent alterations in key adipose tissue biological pathways.
Association of Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity With Weight Loss and Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis.
Venue: JAMA

Five medications have been approved for the management of obesity, but data on comparative effectiveness are limited.  To compare weight loss and adverse events among drug treatments for obesity using a systematic review and network meta analysis.  MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central from inception to March 23, 2016; clinical trial registries.  Randomized clinical trials conducted among overweight and obese adults treated with US Food and Drug Administration approved long term weight loss agents (orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone bupropion, phentermine topiramate, or liraglutide) for at least 1 year compared with another active agent or placebo.  Two investigators identified studies and independently abstracted data using a predefined protocol. A Bayesian network meta analysis was performed and relative ranking of agents was assessed using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria.  Proportions of patients with at least 5% weight loss and at least 10% weight loss, magnitude of decrease in weight, and discontinuation of therapy because of adverse events at 1 year.  Twenty eight randomized clinical trials with 29 018 patients (median age, 46 years; 74% women; median baseline body weight, 100.5 kg; median baseline body mass index, 36.1) were included. A median 23% of placebo participants had at least 5% weight loss vs 75% of participants taking phentermine topiramate (odds ratio [OR] 9.22; 95% credible interval [CrI] 6.63 12.85; SUCRA, 0.95) 63% of participants taking liraglutide (OR, 5.54; 95% CrI, 4.16 7.78; SUCRA, 0.83) 55% taking naltrexone bupropion (OR, 3.96; 95% CrI, 3.03 5.11; SUCRA, 0.60) 49% taking lorcaserin (OR, 3.10; 95% CrI, 2.38 4.05; SUCRA, 0.39) and 44% taking orlistat (OR, 2.70; 95% CrI, 2.34 3.09; SUCRA, 0.22) All active agents were associated with significant excess weight loss compared with placebo at 1 year phentermine topiramate, 8.8 kg (95% CrI, 10.20 to 7.42 kg) liraglutide, 5.3 kg (95% CrI, 6.06 to 4.52 kg) naltrexone bupropion, 5.0 kg (95% CrI, 5.94 to 3.96 kg) lorcaserin, 3.2 kg (95% CrI, 3.97 to 2.46 kg) and orlistat, 2.6 kg (95% CrI, 3.04 to 2.16 kg) Compared with placebo, liraglutide (OR, 2.95; 95% CrI, 2.11 4.23) and naltrexone bupropion (OR, 2.64; 95% CrI, 2.10 3.35) were associated with the highest odds of adverse event related treatment discontinuation. High attrition rates (30% 45% in all trials) were associated with lower confidence in estimates.  Among overweight or obese adults, orlistat, lorcaserin, naltrexone bupropion, phentermine topiramate, and liraglutide, compared with placebo, were each associated with achieving at least 5% weight loss at 52 weeks. Phentermine topiramate and liraglutide were associated with the highest odds of achieving at least 5% weight loss.
Real time detection of apnea via signal processing of time series properties of RFID based smart garments
Venue: 2016 IEEE Signal Processing in Medicine and Biology Symposium (SPMB)

Signal processing of time series properties of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and novel work in textile knitted antennas for garment devices have enabled real time detection of motion based artifacts through unobtrusive, wireless, wearable devices. Capturing the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) as a time series signal, we classify whether the subject is breathing or not, estimate the rate at which the subject is breathing, and classify whether the tag is moving in a linear, non stretched fashion. We improve upon previous efforts to classify subject state from RSSI signals by eliminating the need to train the classifier with both breathing and non breathing sample data (which is biologically infeasible) To test our approach, we use a programmable breathing infant mannequin yielding accurate detection of cessation of respiratory activity within 5 seconds, and a maximum root mean square error of 7 per minute when computing the respiratory rate.
Oscillations Go the Distance: Low Frequency Human Hippocampal Oscillations Code Spatial Distance in the Absence of Sensory Cues during Teleportation
Venue: Neuron

Low frequency (delta/theta band) hippocampal neural oscillations play prominent roles in computational models of spatial navigation, but their exact function remains unknown. Some theories propose they are primarily generated in response to sensorimotor processing, while others suggest a role in memory related processing. We directly recorded hippocampal EEG activity in patients undergoing seizure monitoring while they explored a virtual environment containing teleporters. Critically, this manipulation allowed patients to experience movement through space in the absence of visual and self motion cues. The prevalence and duration of low frequency hippocampal oscillations were unchanged by this manipulation, indicating that sensorimotor processing was not required to elicit them during navigation. Furthermore, the frequency wise pattern of oscillation prevalence during teleportation contained spatial information capable of classifying the distance teleported. These results demonstrate that movement related sensory information is not required to drive spatially informative low frequency hippocampal oscillations during navigation and suggest a specific function in memory related spatial updating.
Innovative Energy Harvester Design Using Bistable Mechanism With Compensational Springs In Gravity Field

The purpose of the presented work is to introduce the novel design of electrostatic energy harvester using bistable mechanism with compensational springs in gravity field capable of providing the output of several mW under the excitation of extremely small amplitude (up to 0.2g) and low frequency (10 100Hz) Presented energy harvester uses the bistable hysteresis modification to achieve low frequency low amplitude sensibility. It was demonstrated with finite element modelling (FEM) that hysteresis width produced by bistability is changing with a constant linear coefficient as a function of a compensational spring stiffness and thus a device sensitivity could be adjusted to the minimum point for the amplitude of external excitation. Further, highly non linear bistable double curved beam mechanism assures the high sensitivity in frequencial domain due to the non defined bandwidth. The equivalent circuit technique is used for simulating the device performance.
Food Production as a Niche Innovation in Higher Education

Institutions of higher education, which have historically responded to the cultural, economic, and technological needs of society, possess great potential for influencing societal transitions towards sustainability. Today, colleges and universities are experimenting with campus based social innovations that integrate infrastructure, operations, curriculum, research, and funding while communicating new ways of thinking within and outside of the campus community. Food production, for example, has created an integrating context for sustainability on campuses throughout the country and has been praised for its impact. This exploratory study examines the role of colleges and universities in facilitating the diffusion of campus based food production. Considering food production as a niche level innovation in higher education, we measure the success of this niche as determined by its potential to grow and facilitate the diffusion of innovative practices that influence larger transitions towards sustainability. The transition management (TM) framework is utilized to examine 281 examples of social innovation on college campuses collected from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education's (AASHE) Database of Campus Sustainability Case Studies and the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment Rating System (STARS) We find that while necessary processes for successful niche growth are present, the data provides less evidence of the conditions necessary for innovation diffusion.
Creative Destruction or Mere Niche Creation? Innovation Policy Mixes for Sustainability Transitions

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in policy mixes in innovation studies. While it has long been acknowledged that the stimulation of innovation and technological change involves different types of policy instruments, how such instruments form policy mixes has only recently become of interest. We argue that an area in which policy mixes are particularly important is the field of sustainability transitions. Transitions imply not only the development of disruptive innovations but also of policies aiming for wider change in socio technical systems. We propose that ideally policy mixes for transitions include elements of 'creative destruction' involving both policies aiming for the 'creation' of new and for 'destabilising' the old. We develop a novel analytical framework including the two policy mix dimensions 'creation' and 'destruction' by broadening the technological innovation system functions approach, and specifically by expanding the concept of 'motors of innovation' to 'motors of creative destruction' We test this framework by analysing 'low energy' policy mixes in Finland and the UK. We find that both countries have diverse policy mixes to support energy efficiency and reduce energy demand with instruments to cover all functions on the creation side. Despite the demonstrated need for such policies, unsurprisingly, destabilising functions are addressed by fewer policies, but there are empirical examples of such policies in both countries. The concept of 'motors of creative destruction' is introduced to expand innovation and technology policy debates to go beyond policy mixes consisting of technology push and demand pull instruments, and to consider a wider range of policy instruments combined in a suitable mix which may contribute to sustainability transitions.