nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Do Alternatives Matter: Is the Provision of Disciplinary Alternatives Associated with Lower Levels of Low Level Suspensions in American High Schools?

Concern about the use of zero tolerance policies for discipline has led to a search for alternatives such as training in early warning signs of aggressive behavior and strategies for effective classroom management in schools. This chapter examines the effectiveness of the provision of alternatives to out of school suspensions (OSS) in reducing the use of exclusionary discipline for minor misbehavior and the school characteristics associated with these provisions.  This analysis uses the 2008 panel from the National School Survey on Crime and Safety to explore this question for approximately 1,000 high schools. The analysis is a probit regression analysis to examine the association between the provision of alternatives to OSS, school characteristics, and the use of OSS for low level suspensions. This analytic approach provides wide generalizability for the findings, though it does also limit an ability to identify individual school or student level effects.  Findings based on probit regression analysis suggest that structural characteristics of schools beyond student characteristics are only somewhat related to variation in the use of OSS for low level infractions and, on average, the availability of alternatives to OSS do not strongly decrease the frequency of OSS for lower level infractions. These findings are important in the current era of discipline policy scrutiny where schools and policy makers are searching for alternatives to traditional suspension practices in a limited empirical evidence base.  While these alternatives hold great promise, little is known about their effectiveness in addressing behavior problems and/or reducing OSS. More importantly, even less is known about the characteristics of schools likely to enact alternatives.
Racial and Ethnic Health Care Disparities Among Women in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System: A Systematic Review.
Venue: Women's health issues official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Women are a rapidly growing segment of patients who seek care in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, yet many questions regarding their health care experiences and outcomes remain unanswered. Racial and ethnic disparities have been well documented in the general population and among veterans; however, prior disparities research conducted in the VA focused primarily on male veterans. We sought to characterize the findings and gaps in the literature on racial and ethnic disparities among women using the VA.  We systematically reviewed the literature on racial and ethnic health care disparities exclusively among women using the VA Healthcare System. We included studies that examined health care use, satisfaction, and/or quality, and stratified data by race or ethnicity.  Nine studies of the 2,591 searched met our inclusion criteria. The included studies examined contraception provision/access (n 3) treatment of low bone mass (n 1) hormone therapy (n 1) use of mental health or substance abuse related services (n 2) trauma exposure and use of various services (n 1) and satisfaction with primary care (n 1) Five of nine studies showed evidence of a significant racial or ethnic difference.  In contrast with the wealth of literature examining disparities both among the male veterans and women in non VA settings, only nine studies examine racial and ethnic disparities specifically among women in the VA Healthcare System. These results demonstrate that there is an unmet need to further assess health care disparities among female VA users.
On road emission characteristics of VOCs from light duty gasoline vehicles in Beijing, China

This study is the third in a series of three papers aimed at characterizing the VOC emissions of vehicles in Beijing. In this study, 30 light duty vehicles fueled with gasoline were evaluated using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS) as they were driven on a predesigned, fixed test route. All of the tested vehicles were rented from private vehicle owners and spanned regulatory compliance guidelines ranging from Pre China I to China IV. Alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and some additional species in the exhaust were collected in Tedlar bags and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC MS) Carbonyls were collected on 2,4 dinitrophenyhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Overall, 74 VOC species were detected from the tested vehicles, including 22 alkanes, 6 alkenes, 1 alkyne, 16 aromatics, 3 cyclanes, 10 halohydrocarbons, 12 carbonyls and 4 other compounds. Alkanes, aromatics and carbonyls were the dominant VOCs with weight percentages of approximately 36.4% 33.1% and 17.4% respectively. The average VOC emission factors and standard deviations of the Pre China I, China I, China II, China III and China IV vehicles were 469.3 200.1, 80.7 46.1, 56.8 37.4, 25.6 11.7 and 14.9 8.2 mg/km, respectively, which indicated that the VOC emissions significantly decreased under stricter vehicular emission standards. Driving cycles also influenced the VOC emissions from the tested vehicles. The average VOC emission factors based on the travel distances of the tested vehicles under urban driving cycles were greater than those under highway driving cycles. In addition, we calculated the ozone formation potential (OFP) using the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method. The results of this study will be helpful for understanding the true emission levels of light duty gasoline vehicles and will provide information for controlling VOC emissions from vehicles in Beijing, China.
Termes metaphoriques et metaphores constitutives de la theorie dans le domaine de l'economie De la necessite d'une veille metaphorique

Cette etude s'interesse aux termes metaphoriques dans le domaine economique en tant qu'indices permettant de remonter aux metaphores constitutives de la theorie. Apres avoir passe en revue, dans une perspective diachronique, les manifestations des deux grandes veines metaphoriques traditionnelles (la veine mecaniste et la veine biologique ou naturelle) et l'impact qu'elles ont eu en economie, l'analyse envisage une conception rhizomatique des metaphores, qui permet de concevoir des prolongements multidirectionnels et d'offrir une approche dynamique de la metaphore dans les domaines de specialite. Dans cette optique, une veille metaphorique s'impose pour prendre le pouls de l'evolution de la pensee scientifique.
Des metaphores de la vie quotidienne a l'ontologie de la vie quotidienne

Cet article a deux buts interconnectes. Le premier consiste a proposer une description de l'ontologie naturelle a partir des metaphores conceptuelles. Cette description ne consiste pas dans le recensement de ces metaphores, mais dans l'exploration de leurs presupposes. La meilleure strategie pour detecter ces presupposes consiste a rendre vivantes les metaphores conceptuelles en explorant le point a partir duquel la projection de la source sur la cible devient incoherente. Le second but consiste a proposer une reflexion sur les limites du principe d'invariance et le rapport entre lexique et ontologie.
Enrichment of the lung microbiome with gut bacteria in sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome
Venue: Nature Microbiology

Sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are major causes of mortality without targeted therapies. Although many experimental and clinical observations have implicated gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of these diseases, culture based studies have failed to demonstrate translocation of bacteria to the lungs in critically ill patients. Here, we report culture independent evidence that the lung microbiome is enriched with gut bacteria both in a murine model of sepsis and in humans with established ARDS. Following experimental sepsis, lung communities were dominated by viable gut associated bacteria. Ecological analysis identified the lower gastrointestinal tract, rather than the upper respiratory tract, as the likely source community of post sepsis lung bacteria. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from humans with ARDS, gut specific bacteria (Bacteroides spp. were common and abundant, undetected by culture and correlated with the intensity of systemic inflammation. Alveolar TNF a, a key mediator of alveolar inflammation in ARDS, was significantly correlated with altered lung microbiota. Our results demonstrate that the lung microbiome is enriched with gut associated bacteria in sepsis and ARDS, potentially representing a shared mechanism of pathogenesis in these common and lethal diseases.
Multicenter Feasibility Study of Tumor Molecular Profiling to Inform Therapeutic Decisions in Advanced Pediatric Solid Tumors: The Individualized Cancer Therapy (iCat) Study.
Venue: JAMA oncology

Importance Pediatric cancers represent a unique case with respect to cancer genomics and precision medicine, as the mutation frequency is low, and targeted therapies are less available. Consequently, it is unknown whether clinical sequencing can be of benefit.  To assess the feasibility of identifying actionable alterations and making individualized cancer therapy (iCat) recommendations in pediatric patients with extracranial solid tumors.  Clinical sequencing study at 4 academic medical centers enrolling patients between September 5, 2012, and November 19, 2013, with 1 year of clinical follow up. Participants were 30 years or younger with high risk, recurrent, or refractory extracranial solid tumors. The data analysis was performed October 28, 2014.  Tumor profiling performed on archived clinically acquired specimens consisted of mutation detection by a Sequenom assay or targeted next generation sequencing and copy number assessment by array comparative genomic hybridization. Results were reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel, and iCat recommendations were made if an actionable alteration was present, and an appropriate drug was available. Main Outcomes and Measures Feasibility was assessed using a 2 stage design based on the proportion of patients with recommendations.  Of 100 participants (60 male; median [range] age, 13.4 [0.8 29.8] years) profiling was technically successful in 89 (89% [95% CI, 83% 95% Median (range) follow up was 6.8 (2.0 23.6) months. Overall, 31 (31% [95% CI, 23% 41% patients received an iCat recommendation and 3 received matched therapy. The most common actionable alterations leading to an iCat recommendation were cancer associated signaling pathway gene mutations (n 10) and copy number alterations in MYC/MYCN (n 6) and cell cycle genes (n 11) Additional alterations with implications for clinical care but not resulting in iCat recommendations were identified, including mutations indicating the possible presence of a cancer predisposition syndrome and translocations suggesting a change in diagnosis. In total, 43 (43% [95% CI, 33% 53% participants had results with potential clinical significance.  A multi institution clinical genomics study in pediatric oncology is feasible and a substantial proportion of relapsed or refractory pediatric solid tumors have actionable alterations.
[Analysis of small areas of pediatric cancer in the municipality of Murcia (Spain)
Venue: Anales de pediatria

Occasionally, primary care pediatricians notice the presence of small clusters of pediatric cancer (PC) but are often frustrated by the findings after statistical analysis. The study of small areas in spatial epidemiology has led to advances in identifying clusters and the environmental risk factors involved. The purpose of this study was to describe the PC incidence and the spatial distribution at the minimum level of disaggregation possible in Murcia, presenting the first urban municipality map of PC in Spain.  A population based descriptive study was conducted on the PC cases diagnosed in children younger than 15 years, between 1998 and 2013 in the municipality of Murcia. Cases were classified by sex, age group, and tumor type. Coordinates of home addresses at the time of diagnosis were assigned to each case, and spatial and spatio temporal analyses were carried out at the level of census tracts, using FleXScan and SatScan.  A total of 155 cases of PC were diagnosed during this period. The overall incidence of PC (138/10(6) of children under the age of 15) and the incidence for individual tumor types were within the expected ranges for Europe. A spatio temporal cluster of Hodgkin lymphoma was identified.  Small area analysis of PC cases may be a useful tool for the identification of PC clusters, which would allow for the generation of hypotheses regarding disease etiology, as well as developing urban models for environmental surveillance of PC.
MODALIZATION AND MODULATION EXPRESSIONS OF THE ENGLISH BAHASA INDONESIA IN GUY RITCHIE'S SHERLOCK HOLMES: A GAME OF SHADOWS MOVIE TEXTS

This study is aimed to analyze the modalization and modulation expressions in the English Bahasa Indonesia  A game of Shadows.The objectives of this research are To describe the realization of English Bahasa Indonesia  A Game of Shadows movie texts in terms of modalization and modulation expressions and analyze the extent of the interpersonal meaning equivalence to their expressions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were collected manually from the DVD of Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. The data in this research were clause units which containing modalization or modulation expressions. This study is conducted by some procedures. First, the researcher watched the movie. Second, the researcher listened to the dialogues of English in the movie to make English transcript as text 1. Third, the researcher made a transcript of Bahasa Indonesia movie text by type down the text below the screen as the text 2. The last, classified and analyzed the expressions of the data in terms of modalization and modulation in both texts using the data sheets. The results of this research show that the modalization or modulation expressions are mostly realized into modalization and modulation expressions in Bahasa Indonesia. As the source text, the English text consists of realized form 205 cases. In the Bahasa Indonesia text, the realized form achieved 180 cases and the unrealized form achieved 25 cases. From 193 data, there are 184 of the data in this research belong to equivalent (fully equivalent is 113 data and partly equivalent is 71 data) This finding indicates that the translation of modalization and modulation expressions in Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows is acceptable for Indonesian viewers.  modality, modalization, modulation, realized, unrealized, meaning equivalent.
Main Tectonic Events and Metallogeny of the North China Craton

Precambrian period is an oldest and longest eon from 545 Ma to about 4500 Ma, taking over *90 of the Earth's history. The 80 90 continental crust in the Earth generated in Precambrian and records complicated geotectonic processes. The most important geological events in Precambrian tectonic evolution include Neoarchean enormous crustal growth, tectonic regime inversion from pre plate tectonics to plate tectonics, and Great Oxidention Event (GOE) in Paleoproterozoic. The North China Craton (NCC) is one of oldest cratons in the world and records almost all the important geological events occurred in other cratons of the Earth. The NCC also demonstrates some special characteristics, such as multi stage cratonization, Paleoproterozoic rift subduction collision event, Earth's paleo climate and paleo environment change, and Late Paleoproterozoic Neoproterozoic multi stage rifting event. These important geological events controlled mineralization with tectonic evolution and formed various and abundant ore deposits in the NCC. Here, we summarize geological events and metallogenic systems of the NCC and conclude that from Early Precambrian through Late Precambrian to Paleozoic and Mesozoic, the NCC records a transition from primitiveto modern style plate tectonics. The NCCwent through five major tectonic cycles: (1) the Neoarchean crustal growth and stabilization, (2) Paleoproterozoic rifting subduction accretion collision with imprints of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) (3) Late Paleoproterozoic Neoproterozoic multi stage rifting, (4) Paleozoic orogenesis at the margins of the craton; and (5) Mesozoic extensional tectonics associated with lithosphere thinning and decratonization. Coinciding with these major geological events, five major metallogenic systems are identified as follows: (1) Archean BIF system, (2) Paleoproterozoic Cu Pb Zn and Mg B systems, (3) Mesoproterozoic REE Fe Pb Zn system, (4) Paleozoic orogenic Cu Mo system, and (5) Mesozoic intracontinental Au and Ag Pb Zn and Mo systems. The ore deposit types in each of these metallogenic systems show distinct characteristics and tectonic affinities. The NCC provides one of the best examples to address secular changes in geological history and metallogenic epochs in the evolving Earth. This regular pattern is suitable to other continent blocks in the world, which reveals coevolution and irreversible character of Earth system on material, structure, and environment.
Reflections on empathy in medical education: What can we learn from social neurosciences?
Venue: Advances in health sciences education theory and practice

The role of empathy in human social interaction has been examined in several research fields, including medical education (ME) and social neuroscience (SN) SN yields insights into empathy based on neurobiological processes, and such information may also be relevant to ME. In this reflection article, the authors first critically review current definitions and concepts of empathy in ME and link them to recent SN findings. In the light of recent evidence from SN, research in ME regarding the positive and negative effects of empathy for physicians and patients is discussed, as well as the question whether (future) physicians differ from the general population with regard to empathic skills. Commonly used SN paradigms and ME approaches to assess empathy are contrasted, a joint approach is advocated, and implications for further interdisciplinary studies are outlined. Finally, the authors delineate the contribution of SN to the question of whether empathy is teachable, and argue that SN findings represent a potential for new ME training approaches. In conclusion, the authors discuss how the incorporation of perspectives on empathy from different research areas would benefit ME, and suggest the translation and integration of such findings into ME research approaches.
Online Visual Analytics of Text Streams
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

We present an online visual analytics approach to helping users explore and understand hierarchical topic evolution in high volume text streams. The key idea behind this approach is to identify representative topics in incoming documents and align them with the existing representative topics that they immediately follow (in time) To this end, we learn a set of streaming tree cuts from topic trees based on user selected focus nodes. A dynamic Bayesian network model has been developed to derive the tree cuts in the incoming topic trees to balance the fitness of each tree cut and the smoothness between adjacent tree cuts. By connecting the corresponding topics at different times, we are able to provide an overview of the evolving hierarchical topics. A sedimentation based visualization has been designed to enable the interactive analysis of streaming text data from global patterns to local details. We evaluated our method on real world datasets and the results are generally favorable.
Improving PILCO with Bayesian Neural Network Dynamics Models

Model based reinforcement learning (RL) allows an agent to discover good policies with a small number of trials by generalising observed transitions. Data efficiency can be further improved with a probabilistic model of the agent's ignorance about the world, allowing it to choose actions under uncertainty. Bayesian modelling offers tools for this task, with PILCO  being a prominent example, achieving state of theart data efficiency on low dimensional RL benchmarks. But PILCO relies on Gaussian processes (GPs) which prohibits its applicability to problems that require a larger number of trials to be solved. Further, PILCO does not consider temporal correlation in model uncertainty between successive state transitions, which results in PILCO underestimating state uncertainty at future time steps  In this paper we extend PILCO's framework to use Bayesian deep dynamics models with approximate variational inference, allowing PILCO to scale linearly with number of trials and observation space dimensionality. Using particle methods we sample dynamics function realisations, and obtain lower cumulative cost than PILCO. We give insights into the modelling assumptions made in PILCO, and show that moment matching is a crucial simplifying assumption made by the model. Our implementation can leverage GPU architectures, offering faster running time than PILCO, and will allow structured observation spaces to be modelled (images or higher dimensional inputs) in the future.
Influence of doxorubicin on apoptosis and oxidative stress in breast cancer cell lines.
Venue: International journal of oncology

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women worldwide due to aggressive behavior, early metastasis, resistance to existing chemotherapeutic agent and high mortality rate. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a powerful antitumoral drug. It is one of the most active agents for treatment of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of Dox in apoptosis and oxidative stress in the breast cancer cell lines MCF 10F, MCF 7 and MDA MB 231. These studies showed that Dox decreased anti apoptotic Bcl 2 protein expression and affected oxidative stress by increasing hydrogen peroxide production and simultaneously decreasing NF kB gene and protein expression in MCF 7, a tumorigenic triple positive cell line. Results also indicated that Dox induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax, caspase 8 and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl 2 protein expression. On the contrary, ROS damage decreased by increasing SOD2 gene and protein expression and hydrogen peroxide production with parallel NF kB protein expression decrease in MDA MB 231, a tumorigenic triple negative breast cancer cell line. It can be concluded that Dox activated apoptosis by inducing proteolytic processing of Bcl 2 family, caspases and simultaneously decreased oxidative stress by influencing ROS damage in MCF 7 and MDA MB 231 cell lines.
Deeper and wider fully convolutional network coupled with conditional random fields for scene labeling
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been employed in many computer vision tasks with great success due to their robustness in feature learning. One of the advantages of DCNNs is their representation robustness to object locations, which is useful for object recognition tasks. However, this also discards spatial information, which is useful when dealing with topological information of the image (e.g. scene labeling, face recognition) In this paper, we propose a deeper and wider network architecture to tackle the scene labeling task. The depth is achieved by incorporating predictions from multiple early layers of the DCNN. The width is achieved by combining multiple outputs of the network. We then further refine the parsing task by adopting graphical models (GMs) as a post processing step to incorporate spatial and contextual information into the network. The new strategy for a deeper, wider convolutional network coupled with graphical models has shown promising results on the PASCAL Context dataset.