nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Relocaliser les enjeux exposes aux risques cotiers en France points de vue des acteurs institutionnels

L'adoption de la strategie nationale de gestion integree du trait de cote en 2012 par le ministere de l'Ecologie, du Developpement durable et de l'Energie (MEDDE) en France, decoule des enseignements de la tempete Xynthia (2010) A travers ce document, le gouvernement incite les collectivites territoriales a envisager la relocalisation a l'interieur des terres des enjeux exposes aux risques cotiers d'erosion et de submersion marine. Les projets passes de recul ou de suppression des enjeux ont cependant fait l'objet d'une tres faible acceptation sociale. L'objectif du present article est de confronter cette notion, telle qu'elle est soutenue par le gouvernement, aux realites du terrain. Il s'appuie sur l'analyse d'entretiens menes aupres d'acteurs institutionnels. Ces derniers ont ete choisis pour leur implication dans les demarches soutenues par l'appel a projets Experimentation de la relocalisation propose par le MEDDE. Il en ressort que cette mesure doit faire face a plusieurs difficultes, notamment en termes d'echelles temporelles, spatiales, de gestion fonciere et financiere. Dans un contexte actuel de decentralisation de l'Etat francais, la relocalisation se heurte egalement a des questions plus generales d'articulation entre l'echelle locale et l'echelle globale. De telles demarches, envisagees sur le long terme, sont cependant essentielles pour s'adapter aux changements climatiques actuels.
Points de vue d'eleves issus de l'immigration sur leur experience socioscolaire en contexte montrealais defavorise

Notre etude porte sur les regards croises de differents protagonistes autour de l'experience scolaire d'eleves issus de l'immigration dans des environnements scolaires qui conjuguent immigration recente et defavorisation. Cet article partage les donnees relatives au discours des eleves. Ces derniers temoignent de maniere complexe de leur identification ethnoculturelle et de leur apprehension generale de l'alterite ethnoculturelle dans leur reseau des pairs. Ils soulignent les defis rencontres dans l'appropriation du francais mais aussi d'autres facteurs qui constituent des tuteurs de resilience scolaire, notamment l'utilisation des ressources mobilisees par les organismes communautaires.
La radicalisation vue par la presse Fluctuation d'une representation

One of the consequences of the events that occurred in France in January and November 2015, and of the Syrian war is the focus on radicalisation phenomena. Nonetheless these phenomena have a long history as this 1965' title shows: "Our Republic: Ben Bella is preparing a radicalisation of his regime" (Le Monde, June 1965) In order to describe the current meanings of the indeterminate concept of radicalisation, we proceed with a systematic analysis of four daily newspapers between 1995 2015, using the Mallet computer program. We distinguish several relevant semantic fields regarding the notion of radicalisation and their temporal variations. We show a restriction of these semantic fields since 2012, leading to a quasi identification between radicalisation and Islamic terrorism.
Converse magnetoelectric effect in NiFe2O4/BaTiO3 heterostructure by electric field induced inter ferroelectric phase transition

Converse magnetoelectric effect was experimentally demonstrated in NiFe2O4/BaTiO3 (NFO/BT) heterostructure. Electric field induced inter ferroelectric phase transition in BT substrate and its impact on magnetization of NFO was studied for the first time. Presence of meta stable orthorhombic phase (Amm2) along with tetragonal (P4mm) BT was revealed from Rietveld refinement in unpoled state itself. Negative lattice mismatch between NFO film and BT substrate induces compressive stress along in plane direction of NFO and reduces magnetoelastic anisotropy energy. Hence, large magnetization was obtained along in plane direction compared to that of out of plane. Poling stabilizes orthorhombic phase that enhances compressive stress further along in plane direction. Consequently, increase and decrease of magnetization was observed along in and out of plane respectively. Observations from the present work revealed that magnetization in such heterostructures can be controlled via strain mediated coupling by voltage which provides an opportunity in spintronic devices for low power consumption.
Regularization With Stochastic Transformations and Perturbations for Deep Semi Supervised Learning
Venue: NIPS

Effective convolutional neural networks are trained on large sets of labeled data. However, creating large labeled datasets is a very costly and time consuming task. Semi supervised learning uses unlabeled data to train a model with higher accuracy when there is a limited set of labeled data available. In this paper, we consider the problem of semi supervised learning with convolutional neural networks. Techniques such as randomized data augmentation, dropout and random max pooling provide better generalization and stability for classifiers that are trained using gradient descent. Multiple passes of an individual sample through the network might lead to different predictions due to the non deterministic behavior of these techniques. We propose an unsupervised loss function that takes advantage of the stochastic nature of these methods and minimizes the difference between the predictions of multiple passes of a training sample through the network. We evaluate the proposed method on several benchmark datasets.
Mutual exclusivity loss for semi supervised deep learning
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

In this paper we consider the problem of semi supervised learning with deep Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets) Semi supervised learning is motivated on the observation that unlabeled data is cheap and can be used to improve the accuracy of classifiers. In this paper we propose an unsupervised regularization term that explicitly forces the classifier's prediction for multiple classes to be mutually exclusive and effectively guides the decision boundary to lie on the low density space between the manifolds corresponding to different classes of data. Our proposed approach is general and can be used with any backpropagation based learning method. We show through different experiments that our method can improve the object recognition performance of ConvNets using unlabeled data.
Removal of Nitrogen by Three Plant Species in Hydroponic Culture: Plant Uptake and Microbial Degradation
Venue: Water, Air, Soil Pollution

Three macrophyte species, Typha augustifolia (T. augustifolia) Phragmites australis (P. australis) and Acorus calamus L. (A. calamus L. have been grown in hydroponic cultivation systems fed with synthetic wastewater. The experiment was designed as 3 x 2 factorial, with three species and two ratios of NH4+/NO3 so as to investigate the nitrogen transformation and nitrogen removal capacity of each species. The nitrogen removal mechanism was further disclosed by comparing biomass production, nitrogen mass balance, and root exudates of the three plant species under different NH4+/NO3 ratios. The results indicated there exists a linear relationship, with positive significance (r 0.946, p 0.05) between plant biomass and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency; in other words, biomass could best reflect plant ability to remove nitrogen. It is also found that NH4+/NO3 ratio could influence plant biomass and root exudates significantly. Additionally, the hydrogen donor and source of energy in denitrification happened in this research were mainly organic acids and soluble sugars, accounting for approximately 50 of the composition in root exudates.
Mineral and organic growing media have distinct community structure, stability and functionality in soilless culture systems
Venue: Scientific reports

The choice of soilless growing medium for plant nutrition, growth and support is crucial for improving the eco sustainability of the production in horticultural systems. As our current understanding of the functional microbial communities inhabiting this ecosystem is still limited, we examined the microbial community development of the two most important growing media (organic and mineral) used in open soilless horticultural systems. We aimed to identify factors that influence community composition over time, and to compare the distribution of individual taxa across growing media, and their potential functionality. High throughput sequencing analysis revealed a distinctive and stable microbial community in the organic growing medium. Humidity, pH, nitrate N, ammonium N and conductivity were uncovered as the main factors associated with the resident bacterial communities. Ammonium N was correlated with Rhizobiaceae abundance, while potential competitive interactions among both Methylophilaceae and Actinobacteridae with Rhizobiaceae were suggested. Our results revealed that soilless growing media are unique niches for diverse bacterial communities with temporal functional stability, which may possibly impact the resistance to external forces. These differences in communities can be used to develop strategies to move towards a sustainable horticulture with increased productivity and quality.
Improving question answering systems by using the explicit semantic analysis method
Venue: 2016 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA)

Question answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering a question posed in natural language. Its applied to several domains, and it is a specific type of information retrieval, that has three components such as question processing, information retrieval, and answer extraction. By analysing the user question, we intend to improve the precision of Question answering systems by focusing namely on the representation of the question itself as a bag of concepts, using the Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) In particular, it proposes an approach that decides the relevant answers based on a set of features that describe: (i) the classification of the question, (ii) the generation of the bag of concepts, as well as (iii) the extraction of the relevant answer from the candidate sentences. The representation of the user's question as a bag of concepts allows us to have the greatest number of relevant documents to this question.
Open Domain Real Time Question Answering Based on Semantic and Syntactic Question Similarity
Venue: TREC

In this paper, we describe our system and results of our participation in the Live QA track of the Text Retrieval Conference(TREC) 2016. The Live QA task involves real user questions, extracted from the stream of most recent questions submitted to the Yahoo Answers (YA) site, which have not yet been answered by humans. These questions are pushed to the participants via a socket connection, and the systems are needed to provide an answer which is less than 1000 characters length in less than 60 seconds. The answers given by the system are evaluated by human experts in terms of accuracy, readability, and preciseness. Our strategy for answering the questions include question decomposition, question relatedness identification, and answer generation. Evaluation results demonstrate that our system performed close to the average scores in question answering task. In the question focus generation task our system ranked fourth.
CookingQA: A Question Answering System Based on Cooking Ontology
Venue: MICAI

We present an approach to develop a Question Answering (QA) system over cooking recipes that makes use of Cooking Ontology management. QA systems are designed to satisfy the user's specific information need whereas ontology is the conceptualization of knowledge and it exhibits the hierarchical structure. The system is an Information retrieval (IR) based system where the various tasks to be handled like question classification, answer pattern recognition, indexing, final answer generation. Our proposed QA System use Apache Lucene for document retrieval. All cooking related documents are indexed using Apache Lucene. Stop words are removed from each cooking related question and formed the query words which are identified to retrieve the most relevant document using Lucene. Relevant paragraphs are selected from the retrieved documents based on the tf idf of the matching query words along with n gram overlap of the paragraph with the original question. This paper also presents a way to develop an ontology model in such a way that the queries can be processed with the help of the ontology knowledge base and generate the exact answer.
Visual Thinking Courseware: Enhancing Critical Thinking Skills Through Art Criticism

Art criticism provides knowledge, skills, and understanding that enable students to have broad and rich experience with works of art by responding to and making judgments about the properties and qualities that exist in visual form. It requires higher order thinking skills (HOTS) that integrate contents from the four disciplines of art (art aesthetics, art history, art production, and art criticism) that contribute to the creation, understanding, and appreciation of art. Findings from a survey conducted in three Malaysian public universities revealed that less than 30 of the undergraduate art students are able to analyze works of art critically. This is an alarming state considering their involvement in art activities that require them critically to analyze and criticize works of art. For students undergoing teacher training courses the skill is very much needed as they will be going out to teach art subjects in schools. Because technology has taken a front seat in the teaching and learning of many art related subjects in higher education courses in Malaysia, this research looked at how visual thinking courseware can aid in the teaching and learning of art criticism. In particular, this chapter looked at how the selection of visual images, Gagne's 9 events of instruction, the flow theory, and Feldman's art criticism model can be put together to design courseware that can help enhance the quality of learning about art criticism and increase students' critical thinking skills.
The Role of Story in Enhancing Critical Thinking and Group Discussion Skills

Professional jobs, particularly technical jobs, demand many soft skills. Hence, universities and technical institutions have taken the responsibility of designing the course syllabus to meet the demands of the organizations. In this paper, two soft skills are considered: critical thinking and group discussion skills. This paper uses story as a viable alternative for facilitating critical thinking and group discussion skills. The paper explains how a story stimulates critical thinking and influences learners' group discussion skills. The results prove that story is useful in enhancing the above mentioned soft skills.
Assessment of the oral health knowledge of healthcare providers in geriatric nursing homes: additional training needs required.
Venue: Gerodontology

This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge of oral health and training needs of health workers in geriatric nursing homes.  Providing daily oral care to dependent elderly people is the best way to prevent oral disorders. Because there are no dental hygienists in France, health workers play an important role in providing oral care in nursing homes and should have correct and adequate knowledge.  Health workers from 8 geriatric nursing homes in Puy de Dome (France) completed a 58 item questionnaire. Oral health knowledge regarding dental decay, periodontal diseases, oral hygiene and denture care was assessed. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed.  A total of 99 health workers took part in the study. The total mean score was significantly different if health workers had received training in oral disorders (49.3 11.7 vs. 43.9 10; p 0.05) or in the maintenance of oral health (50.5 10.5 vs. 42.9 10; p 0.01) The mean scores obtained in the 'dental decay' subsection and in the 'oral and denture hygiene' subsection were the lowest.  Geriatric nursing home staff need training in understanding the impact of oral health on general health. Theoretical knowledge of oral diseases has to be improved in order for health workers to understand oral hygiene procedures and to help them identify early oral disorders.
Influence of Nurses's Stress related to Geriatric Nursing on Nursing Practice for Older Patients in Hospital

This study was done to identify how stress concerning the care for elderly people affects geriatric nursing practice of nurses in general hospitals.  Participants were 205 nurses who were working in general hospitals in C city. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from November 9 to November 20, 2015. Data analysis included one way ANOVA, independent t test, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.  Stress in caring for elderly patients affected geriatric nursing practice. Stress in the care of elders explained 12.4% (F=9.52, p<.001) of the variance in geriatric nursing practice.  These results suggest that programs to decrease stress in the care of elders should be develop to improve the quality of geriatric nursing practice by nurses in general hospitals.
ASCHFLOW A dynamic landslide run out model for medium scale hazard analysis
Venue: Geoenvironmental Disasters

BackgroundLandslides hazard analyses entail a scale dependent approach in order to mitigate accordingly the damages and other negative consequences at the respective scales of occurrence. Medium or large scale landslide run out modelling for many possible landslide initiation areas has been a very difficult task in the past. This arises from the inability of the run out models to compute the displacement with a large amount of individual initiation areas as it turns out to be computationally strenuous. Most of the existing physically based run out models have difficulties in handling such situations. For this reason, empirical methods have been used as a practical mean to predict landslides mobility at a medium scale (1: 10,000 to 1: 50,000) They are the most widely used techniques to estimate the maximum run out distance and affected zones not only locally but also regionally. In this context, a medium scale numerical model for flow like mass movements in urban and mountainous areas was developed.Results"AschFlow" is 2 D one phase continuum model that simulates, the entrainment, spreading and deposition process of a landslide or debris flow at a medium scale. The flow is thus treated as a single phase material, whose behavior is controlled by rheology (e.g. Voellmy or Bingham) The model has been developed and implemented in a dynamic GIS environment. The deterministic nature of the approach makes it possible to calculate the velocity, height and increase in mass by erosion, resulting in the estimation of various forms of impacts exerted by debris flows at the medium scale.ConclusionsThe developed regional model "AschFlow" was applied and evaluated in well documented areas with known past debris flow events. The "AschFlow" model outputs can be considered as an indication of areas possibly affected with a defined intensity for one or more landslide events. From a user perspective the "AschFlow" model can be seen as a standalone model which can be utilized for a first assessment of potentially impact areas.
Numerical simulation of earthquake induced landslide run out

Landslides trigged by earthquake have leaded to tremendous deaths, injuries and property loss. Therefore, it is an urgent need to make out the flow characteristics, which is fundamental for hazard assessment and risk evaluation. However, the traditional mesh method, which is based on a framework of solid mechanics, has difficulty in simulating the run out process of landslides considering its deficiency in modelling large deformations. In this paper, the moving particle simulation (MPS) is introduced to simulate landslide run out. To bypass the pressure fluctuation of the original MPS, this method is modified in three aspects including the kernel function, source term of the Poisson equation and the free surface discrimination. The effectiveness of the pressure stability of the modified MPS is verified and validated by two classical benchmark problems: the dam break problem and the static problem. To preferably describe the dynamic feature of landslide, the Bingham constitutive model with the Mohr Coulomb yield criterion is introduced into the modified MPS and an equivalent Newtonian viscosity is adapted to bridge the gap between Bingham flow model and Newtonian flow model. Finally, the proposed method is applied to analyze the landslide run out of the Tangjiashan landslide which is induced by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The simulated results are compared with the field data to evaluate the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme. All calculated results show good agreement with the field data, which indicates that the proposed method is capable to capture the fluidization characteristic of landslide and to reproduce the whole flow process of earthquake induced landslide. This will ultimately help people assess the hazard to reduce or even avoid this disaster in earthquake prone zones.
Prediction of landslide run out distance based on slope stability analysis and center of mass approach

Mitigation of landslide hazard requires the knowledge of landslide run out distance. This paper presents the application of slope stability analysis and center of mass approach to predict the run out distance of a rotational landslide model with different soil types. The Morgenstern Price method was used to estimate the potential sliding zone and volume of landslide material. The center of mass approach used a simple Coulomb friction model to determine the run out distance. Results of the slope stability analysis showed that the soil unit weight can influence the depth of sliding zone, and the volume of unstable material. The slope model of silty sand and gravel would have the largest volume of unstable mass. From the Coulomb friction analysis, this slope model has higher run out distance and velocity than other slope models. Thus, the run out distance will be influenced by soil type and the dimension of unstable soil mass.
Study of landslide run out and impact on protection structures with the Material Point Method

Reliable estimates of the impact forces induced by flow like landslides on existing structures is of great importance for hazard assessment. This is customarily obtained by means of empirically based relationships but, significant differences may be encountered using the existing approaches. Large scale experimental studies are expensive and difficult to set up; for this reason a numerical technique able to simulate the material flow and its interaction with structures would be helpful for the hazard assessment as well as for the design of mitigation measures. This paper shows the applicability of the Material Point Method (MPM) a meshless method specifically developed to describe large deformations of bodies, to the study of granular flow propagation and impact forces on rigid structures. Complex shapes of the structure as well as different soil structure interface properties are considered. It is shown that the MPM may represent a suitable tool to support the design of landslide mitigation measures.