nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Bad Primes in Computational Algebraic Geometry
Venue: ICMS

Computations over the rational numbers often suffer from intermediate coefficient swell. One solution to this problem is to apply the given algorithm modulo a number of primes and then lift the modular results to the rationals. This method is guaranteed to work if we use a sufficiently large set of good primes. In many applications, however, there is no efficient way of excluding bad primes. In this note, we describe a technique for rational reconstruction which will nevertheless return the correct result, provided the number of good primes in the selected set of primes is large enough. We give a number of illustrating examples which are implemented using the computer algebra system Singular and the programming language Julia. We discuss applications of our technique in computational algebraic geometry.
Rational Approach for Evaluating Fire Resistance of FRP Strengthened Concrete Beams

AbstractThis paper presents a rational approach for evaluating the fire resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with different types of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) This approach is based on conventional fire design principles for RC beams, but incorporates the contribution of FRP and fire insulation in fire resistance calculations. Simplified equations are proposed for evaluating cross sectional temperatures in fire exposed FRP strengthened RC beams with and without fire insulation. These temperatures are used to determine the loss of strength in steel, FRP, and concrete using temperature dependent strength properties. Employing the strength in different materials, the moment capacity of FRP strengthened beams is calculated, at any given fire exposure time, by applying force equilibrium and strain compatibility principles. At each time step, the limit state is applied to define the failure of an FRP strengthened RC beam, and the time to failure is taken as the fire resistance of the.
Fire resistance design of un protected FRP strengthened RC beams

In the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, fire resistance design is an important issue. If fire insulation is not provided, the fire resistance of an FRP strengthened RC beam can be approximated as that of an equivalent bare RC beam with a much higher load ratio as the mechanical resistance of the unprotected FRP strengthening system disappears within minutes of fire initiation. Due to this difference in load ratio, existing fire resistance design methods for conventional RC beams cannot be used in the fire resistance design of these equivalent bare RC beams. This paper aims to address this deficiency in existing research by presenting a reliable design method for the fire resistance of bare RC beams that provides close predictions for a wide range of load ratios, particularly those of high load ratios. Numerical results obtained using an advanced finite element approach developed by the authors are presented to examine the effects of various parameters on the fire resistance of bare RC beams, including the load ratio, the concrete cover depth, the reinforcement ratio of tension steel rebars, the distribution ratio of tension steel rebars, the cross sectional dimensions, and the aggregate type of concrete. A design equation for predicting the fire resistance period of bare RC beams under standard fire exposure, formulated on the basis of the numerical results, is proposed. It is demonstrated that the proposed equation provides reasonably close fire resistance predictions for bare RC beams with a wide range of load ratios.
Modulation of miR 185 5p expression by EBV miR BART6 contributes to developmental differences in ABCG4 gene expression in human megakaryocytes.
Venue: The international journal of biochemistry cell biology

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet count and bleeding, and is usually triggered by viral infections. We previously reported that 14 viral microRNAs of megakaryocytes cultured with serum from patients with ITP, including ebv miR BART6, are up regulated. Previous research has reported that ebv miR BART6 down regulated the expression of miR 185 5p. We therefore predicted that the ABCG4 gene, which is highly expressed in megakaryocyte progenitor cells, is a direct target of miR 185 5p. We hypothesized that ebv miR BART6 may play a role in development and differentiation of megakaryocytes. First, we verified the negative regulation of ABCG4 by miR 185 5p through luciferase assay analysis. Second, after transfection of ebv miR BART6 into megakaryocytes developing from normal cord blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) we found that the level of miR 185 5p in the ebv miR BART6 group was reduced to almost a third of that in the control groups, accompanied by up regulation of ABCG4 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, proliferation of megakaryocytes was significantly repressed in the ebv miR BART6 group compared with the blank and negative control groups (14.89% 3.13% 34.15% 2.42% and 30.96% 4.37% respectively; P<0.001) Our results further revealed that ebv miR BART6 inhibited megakaryocyte colony unit formation, decreased CD41 expression and inhibited megakaryocyte polyploidization. These data suggest a new paradigm to explain the mechanisms underlying ITP, involving the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis by viral microRNAs through the intronic hsa microRNA.
The Application of Cryogenic Laser Physics to the Development of High Average Power Ultra Short Pulse Lasers

Ultrafast laser physics continues to advance at a rapid pace, driven primarily by the development of more powerful and sophisticated diode pumping sources, the development of new laser materials, and new laser and amplification approaches such as optical parametric chirped pulse amplification. The rapid development of high average power cryogenic laser sources seems likely to play a crucial role in realizing the long sought goal of powerful ultrafast sources that offer concomitant high peak and average powers. In this paper, we review the optical, thermal, thermo optic and laser parameters important to cryogenic laser technology, recently achieved laser and laser materials progress, the progression of cryogenic laser technology, discuss the importance of cryogenic laser technology in ultrafast laser science, and what advances are likely to be achieved in the near future.
Learning to Play Guess Who? and Inventing a Grounded Language as a Consequence
Venue: ArXiv

Learning your first language is an incredible feat and not easily duplicated. Doing this using nothing but a few pictureless books, a corpus, would likely be impossible even for humans. As an alternative we propose to use situated interactions between agents as a driving force for communication, and the framework of Deep Recurrent Q Networks (DRQN) for learning a common language grounded in the provided environment. We task the agents with interactive image search in the form of the game Guess Who? The images from the game provide a non trivial environment for the agents to discuss and a natural grounding for the concepts they decide to encode in their communication. Our experiments show that it is possible to learn this task using DRQN and even more importantly that the words the agents use correspond to physical attributes present in the images that make up the agents environment.
Transition formulas for involution Schubert polynomials

The orbits of the orthogonal and symplectic groups on the flag variety are in bijection, respectively, with the involutions and fixed point free involutions in the symmetric group $S_n$$Sn. Wyser and Yong have described polynomial representatives for the cohomology classes of the closures of these orbits, which we denote as \hat{\mathfrak S}}_y$$S^y (to be called involution Schubert polynomials) and \hat{\mathfrak S}\mathtt{{FPF}}_y$$S^yFPF (to be called fixed point free involution Schubert polynomials) Our main results are explicit formulas decomposing the product of \hat{\mathfrak S}}_y$$S^y (respectively, \hat{\mathfrak S}\mathtt{{FPF}}_y$$S^yFPF) with any y invariant linear polynomial as a linear combination of other involution Schubert polynomials. These identities serve as analogues of Lascoux and Schutzenberger's transition formula for Schubert polynomials, and lead to a self contained algebraic proof of the nontrivial equivalence of several definitions of \hat{\mathfrak S}}_y$$S^y and \hat{\mathfrak S}\mathtt{{FPF}}_y$$S^yFPF appearing in the literature. Our formulas also imply combinatorial identities about involution words, certain variations of reduced words for involutions in $S_n$$Sn. We construct operators on involution words based on the Little map to prove these identities bijectively. The proofs of our main theorems depend on some new technical results, extending work of Incitti, about covering relations in the Bruhat order of $S_n$$Sn restricted to involutions.
Intersection theory of the Peterson variety and certain singularities of Schubert varieties

Precup recently proved that intersections with Schubert cells pave regular nilpotent Hessenberg varieties. We use this paving to prove that the homology of the Peterson variety injects into the homology of the full flag variety. The proof uses intersection theory and expands the class of the Peterson variety in the homology of the flag variety in terms of the basis of Schubert classes. We explicitly identify some of the coefficients of Schubert classes in this expansion, answering a problem of independent interest in Schubert calculus. We also identify some singular points in a certain family of Schubert varieties in general Lie type.
Sub Femto g Free Fall for Space Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results.
Venue: Physical review letters

We report the first results of the LISA Pathfinder in flight experiment. The results demonstrate that two free falling reference test masses, such as those needed for a space based gravitational wave observatory like LISA, can be put in free fall with a relative acceleration noise with a square root of the power spectral density of 5.2+ 0.1 fm s^ 2}/sqrt[Hz] or (0.54+ 0.01)x10^ 15} g/sqrt[Hz] with g the standard gravity, for frequencies between 0.7 and 20 mHz. This value is lower than the LISA Pathfinder requirement by more than a factor 5 and within a factor 1.25 of the requirement for the LISA mission, and is compatible with Brownian noise from viscous damping due to the residual gas surrounding the test masses. Above 60 mHz the acceleration noise is dominated by interferometer displacement readout noise at a level of (34.8+ 0.3) fm/sqrt[Hz] about 2 orders of magnitude better than requirements. At f<=0.5 mHz we observe a low frequency tail that stays below 12 fm s^ 2}/sqrt[Hz] down to 0.1 mHz. This performance would allow for a space based gravitational wave observatory with a sensitivity close to what was originally foreseen for LISA.
Enabling Remote Health Caring Utilizing IoT Concept over LTE Femtocell Networks
Venue: PloS one

As the enterprise of the "Internet of Things" is rapidly gaining widespread acceptance, sensors are being deployed in an unrestrained manner around the world to make efficient use of this new technological evolution. A recent survey has shown that sensor deployments over the past decade have increased significantly and has predicted an upsurge in the future growth rate. In health care services, for instance, sensors are used as a key technology to enable Internet of Things oriented health care monitoring systems. In this paper, we have proposed a two stage fundamental approach to facilitate the implementation of such a system. In the first stage, sensors promptly gather together the particle measurements of an android application. Then, in the second stage, the collected data are sent over a Femto LTE network following a new scheduling technique. The proposed scheduling strategy is used to send the data according to the application's priority. The efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing it with that of well known algorithms, namely, proportional fairness and exponential proportional fairness.
Laser control of electron matter waves

In recent years laser light has been used to control the motion of electron waves. Electrons can now be diffracted by standing waves of light. Laser light in the vicinity of nanostructures is used to affect free electrons, for example, femto second and atto second laser induced electrons are emitted from nanotips delivering coherent fast electron sources. Optical control of dispersion of the emitted electron waves, and optically controlled femto second switches for ultrafast electron detection are proposed. The first steps towards electron accelerators and matter optics on a chip are now being taken. New research fields are driven by these new technologies. One example is the optical generation of electron pulses on demand and quantum degenerate pulses. Another is the emerging development of interaction free electron microscopy. This review will focus on the field of free electron quantum optics with technologies at the interplay of lasers, electron matter waves, and nanostructures. Questions that motivate their development will also be addressed. This review will focus on the field of free electron quantum optics (FEQO) with technologies at the interplay of lasers, electron matter waves, and nanostructures. Recent developments that include laser generation, acceleration, coherent beam splitting, compression and detection of electron pulses with femto second resolution are discussed. Some of the motivations for these developments concerning societal impact, finding solutions to long standing scientific problems, and speculative issues are indicated.
Recovery of laccase from processed Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr) Pers. fruiting bodies in aqueous two phase system.
Venue: Journal of bioscience and bioengineering

The feasible use of aqueous two phase systems (ATPSs) to establish a viable protocol for the recovery of laccase from processed Hericium erinaceus (Bull.:Fr. Pers. fruiting bodies was evaluated. Cold stored (4.00+ 1.00degC) H. erinaceus recorded the highest laccase activities of 2.02+ 0.04 U/mL among all the processed techniques. The evaluation was carried out in twenty five ATPSs, which composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with various molecular weights and potassium phosphate salt solution to purify the protein from H. erinaceus. Optimum recovery condition was observed in the ATPS which contained 17% (w/w) PEG with a molecular weight of 8000 and 12.2% (w/w) potassium phosphate solution, at a volume ratio (VR) of 1.0. The use of ATPS resulted in one single primary recovery stage process that produced an overall yield of 99% with a purification factor of 8.03+ 0.46. The molecular mass of laccases purified from the bottom phase was in the range of 55 66 kDa. The purity of the partitioned laccase was confirmed with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE)
Characterization and cloning of laccase gene from Hericium coralloides NBRC 7716 suitable for production of epitheaflagallin 3 O gallate.
Venue: Enzyme and microbial technology

Epitheaflagallin 3 O gallate (ETFGg) is a minor polyphenol found in black tea extract, which has good physiological functions. It is synthesized from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) with gallic acid via laccase oxidation. Various basidiomycetes and fungi were screened to find a suitable laccase for the production of ETFGg. A basidiomycete, Hericium coralloides NBRC 7716, produced an appropriate extracellular laccase. The purified laccase produced twice the level of ETFGg compared with commercially available laccase from Trametes sp. The enzyme, termed Lcc2, is a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular mass of 67.2 kDa. The N terminal amino acid sequence of Lcc2 is quite different from laccase isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium. Lcc2 showed similar substrate specificity to known laccases and could oxidize various phenolic substrates, including pyrogallol, gallic acid, and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. The full length lcc2 gene was obtained by PCR using degenerate primers, which were designed based on the N terminal amino acid sequence of Lcc2 and conserved copper binding sites of laccases, and 5' and 3' RACE PCR with mRNA. The Lcc2 gene showed homology with Lentinula edodes laccase (sharing 77% amino acid identity with Lcc6) We successfully produced extracellular Lcc2 using a heterologous expression system with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, it was confirmed that the recombinant laccase generates similar levels of ETFGg as the native enzyme.
Detoxification of Olive Mill Wastewater and Bioconversion of Olive Crop Residues into High Value Added Biomass by the Choice Edible Mushroom Hericium erinaceus
Venue: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Environmentally acceptable disposal of olive cultivation residues (e.g. olive prunings; olive pruning residues (OLPR) and olive mill wastes is of paramount importance since they are generated in huge quantities within a short time. Moreover, olive mill wastewater (OMW) or sludge like effluents "alperujo" two phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) are highly biotoxic. Hericium erinaceus is a white rot fungus which produces choice edible mushrooms on substrates rich in lignocellulosics, and its suitability for the treatment of olive by products was examined for the first time. Fungal growth resulted in a notable reduction of OMW's pollution parameters (i.e. 65 decolorization, 47 total phenolic reduction, and 52 phytotoxicity decrease) and correlated with laccase and manganese peroxidase activities. Solid state fermentation of various mixtures of OLPR, TPOMW, and beech sawdust (control) by H. erinaceus qualified OLPR in subsequent cultivation experiments, where it exhibited high mushroom yields and biological efficiency (31 Analyses of proximate composition and bioactive compound content revealed that mushrooms deriving from OLPR substrates showed significantly higher crude fat, total glucan, b glucan, total phenolics, and ferric reducing antioxidant potential values than the control. H. erinaceus demonstrated the potential to detoxify OMW and bioconvert OLPR into high quality biomass, and hence, this fungus could be successfully exploited for the treatment of such by products.
CO2 solubility measurements in brine under reservoir conditions: A comparison of experimental and geochemical modeling methods

The dissolution of CO 2 in brine (solubility trapping) is one of the most secure and permanent trapping mechanisms when considering CO 2 geological storage. In addition, CO 2 dissolution in brine is an important mechanism of CO 2 enhanced oil recovery as it improves sweep efficiency and increases oil displacement. Currently, there is a range of experimental methods that has been used to measure CO 2 solubility in brine and a critical review of these methods is presented here. Several different geochemical models that can be used to calculate CO 2 solubility in brine are also reviewed and the importance of selecting the correct equation of state (EoS) is addressed. Furthermore, the validity of the experimental results was ascertained through a comparison of the published experimental results with those produced through geochemical modeling. The geochemical modeling software, HydraFLASH, can be used to accurately calculate CO 2 solubilities under a number of conditions provided the correct EoS is selected. For the purpose of CO 2 water systems, the Valderrama Patel Teja EoS is the most accurate as it is designed to be used for systems containing polar and non polar compounds. The published experimental results were compared with those obtained through the geochemical modeling, to ascertain the most accurate means of measuring CO 2 solubility.
Thermoeletric Heusler Compounds

Thermoelectric converters for power generation aim at reducing CO\(_2\ emission via the conversion of a part of the low grade waste heat generated by engines, industrial furnaces, gas pipes, etc. to electricity. The recovery of waste heat from the exhaust of an automotive engine, in particular, is an attractive, albeit not very efficient way for reduction of fuel consumption. Thermoelectric converters with high overall efficiency convert heat directly into electricity without moving parts and, thus, not only decrease our reliance on fossil fuels but also actively counteract global warming. State of the art converters are simply too inefficient to be economic, partly due to expensive elementary constituents (Te, Ge, etc. On this background, Heusler compounds with C1\(_b\ structure stand out on account of their relatively low cost components and have been extensively studied as potential thermoelectric materials for high temperature power generation up to 1000 K during the last years.
Technical Perspective: 3D image editing made easy
Venue: Commun. ACM

tional analysis to facilitate 3D manipulation of objects in a photograph. However their tool is specifically designed for cuboids and only works for objects made of boxes, rectangular plates, and square pillars. The present technology on the other hand, can handle a significantly larger variety of objects with curved surfaces by introducing a sophisticated gestural interaction. It should be noted, however, that the present technology currently supports only one class of primitive: generalized cylinders. This representation is highly versatile and covers many human made objects; nonetheless it is not sufficient for representing complicated shapes perceived in nature. Tools are needed to create a more diverse set of shape primitives to represent complicated shapes, which would enable manipulation of arbitrary objects viewed in photographs. One promising approach is to use a large collection of known 3D geom etries. 1 Nevertheless, the core concept presented in this paper combining human perception and computational analysis using clever interactive de sign is broad and applicable to the development of future tools. Rapid developments in 3D image editing tools inspired by this work can be foreseen, and it will become increasingly easier for even casual users to readily edit photographs. Images will no longer always depict unaltered reality. Is this good or bad? The answer may not be self evident; however, such a future is surely coming. Interactive images: Cuboid proxies for smart image manipulation. NUMEROUS IMAGES APPEAR each day on smartphone screens, computer displays and printed materials. News articles and advertisements attract the attention of viewers by using appealing images. People often take photographs with their smartphones and immediately share them with hundreds of viewers via social media. Moreover, users include images in documents and presentations to communicate messages. These images are typically edited to appear more aesthetically pleasing or achieve other objectives. Thus, there is an increasing need for advanced image editing tools. Image editing has significantly advanced over the past several years to address consumer demand. Color adjustment tools now more readily facilitate simpler image sharpening, softening, brightening, and darkening. Furthermore, advanced tools can automatically remove blur and noise. Users can easily cut an object in an image and paste it onto another background. Moreover, it is easy to readily deform shapes as needed and seamlessly blend two images. It is even possible to erase objects in a scene by removing the object and filling the hole by automatically synthesizing appropriate background images. Despite