nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding clinical reasoning in osteopathy: a qualitative research approach
Venue: Chiropractic Manual Therapies

BackgroundClinical reasoning has been described as a process that draws heavily on the knowledge, skills and attributes that are particular to each health profession. However, the clinical reasoning processes of practitioners of different disciplines demonstrate many similarities, including hypothesis generation and reflective practice. The aim of this study was to understand clinical reasoning in osteopathy from the perspective of osteopathic clinical educators and the extent to which it was similar or different from clinical reasoning in other health professions.MethodsThis study was informed by constructivist grounded theory. Participants were clinical educators in osteopathic teaching institutions in Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Focus groups and written critical reflections provided a rich data set. Data were analysed using constant comparison to develop inductive categories.ResultsAccording to participants, clinical reasoning in osteopathy is different from clinical reasoning in other health professions. Osteopaths use a two phase approach: an initial biomedical screen for serious pathology, followed by use of osteopathic reasoning models that are based on the relationship between structure and function in the human body. Clinical reasoning in osteopathy was also described as occurring in a number of contexts (e.g. patient, practitioner and community) and drawing on a range of metaskills (e.g. hypothesis generation and reflexivity) that have been described in other health professions.ConclusionsThe use of diagnostic reasoning models that are based on the relationship between structure and function in the human body differentiated clinical reasoning in osteopathy. These models were not used to name a medical condition but rather to guide the selection of treatment approaches. If confirmed by further research that clinical reasoning in osteopathy is distinct from clinical reasoning in other health professions, then osteopaths may have a unique perspective to bring to multidisciplinary decision making and potentially enhance the quality of patient care.Where commonalities exist in the clinical reasoning processes of osteopathy and other health professions, shared learning opportunities may be available, including the exchange of scaffolded clinical reasoning exercises and assessment practices among health disciplines.
An indication of current views of Australian general practitioners towards chiropractic and osteopathy: a cross sectional study
Venue: Chiropractic Manual Therapies

BackgroundWhile the role of complementary medicine therapies such as chiropractic and osteopathy is yet to be clearly delineated in the Australian context, demand for these services remains high. The attitudes of general practitioners towards chiropractors and osteopaths may have played a part in producing this outcome. However, this view is based on data that were more than 10 years old. Current anecdotal evidence suggests that the previous level of support may be declining in sections of the Australian medical profession. An assessment of the current views of general practitioners towards chiropractors and osteopaths is called for. The results being reported here represent the first stage of this assessment.MethodsThis cross sectional study was designed as a quantitative descriptive study using an anonymous online survey that included closed and open ended questions with opportunities provided for free text. The target population was Australian general practitioners. Inclusion criteria included current medical registration, membership of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners and currently practicing as a general practitioner in Australia. The data being reported here were collected between May and December, 2014.ResultsThere were 630 respondents to the online survey during this period representing a response rate of 2.6 Results were not uniform for the two professions. More general practitioners believed chiropractic education was not evidence based compared to osteopathic education (70 and 50 respectively) while scope of practice was viewed as similar for both professions. A majority of general practitioners had never referred a patient to either profession (chiropractic: 60 osteopathy: 66 with approximately two thirds not interested in learning more about their education (chiropractors: 68 osteopaths: 63 .ConclusionsThis study provides an indication of the current views of Australian general practitioners towards chiropractors and osteopaths. The findings suggest that attitudes may have become less favourable with a growing intolerance towards both professions. If confirmed, this has the potential to impact health service provision. The results from this cross sectional study suggest that obtaining representative general practitioner views using online surveys is difficult and another approach is needed to supplement or replace the current recruitment strategy.
Epistemic cultures in complementary medicine: knowledge making in university departments of osteopathy and Chinese medicine
Venue: Health sociology review the journal of the Health Section of the Australian Sociological Association

There is increasing pressure on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to follow the evidence based approach promoted in allied health and medicine, in which the randomised control trial represents the evidence gold standard. However, many CAM advocates see these methods as undermining the holism of CAM practice. This paper explores how such tensions are managed in CAM university departments settings in which particular forms of knowledge and evidence are given 'official' imprimatur by CAM educators and researchers. By comparing two types of CAM, the paper also unpacks differences within this broad category, asking whether CAM academic disciplines comprise different 'epistemic cultures' (Knorr Cetina, K. (1999)  How the sciences make knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) Interviews were conducted with 20 lecturers in Chinese medicine and osteopathy, across five Australian universities, and augmented with observation in two degree programs. Findings reveal contrasting ontological and epistemological perspectives between the two academic fields. Chinese medicine lecturers had largely adopted bioscientific models of research, typically conducting laboratory work and trials, although teaching included traditional theories. Osteopathy academics were more critical of dominant approaches and were focused on reframing notions of evidence to account for experiences, with some advocating qualitative research. The study illustrates CAM's 'epistemic disunity' while also highlighting the particular challenges facing academic CAM.
Acromegalic osteopathy
Venue: Pituitary

Acromegalic osteopathy is an emerging complication of acromegaly characterized by increase in bone turnover, deterioration in bone microarchitecture and high risk of vertebral fractures. Vertebral fractures, as diagnosed by a radiological and morphometric approach, occur in about one third of acromegaly patients in close relationship with duration of active disease. However, the prediction of vertebral fractures in this clinical setting is still a matter of uncertainty, since the pathogenesis of acromegalic osteopathy is multifactorial and fractures may occur even in presence of normal bone mineral density. In this narrative article, we summarize the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of acromegalic osteopathy.
Osteopathy for Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain a Pilot Study.
Venue: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde

Pelvic pain is a common problem in gynaecological practice. It is often unclear whether definite causality exists between reported symptoms and objective clinical findings of the female genital tract, and medical or operative treatments do not always achieve long term resolution of symptoms.  This pilot study investigated 28 patients (age 20 65, median 36.5 years) from a gynaecology practice whose only clinical finding was painful pelvic floor muscle tightness. Following standardised gynaecological and physiotherapist examination, all patients received osteopathic treatment. Pain had been present for a median of 3 years (range 1 month to 20 years) 14 patients had previously confirmed endometriosis. Treatment success was evaluated on consultation with patients in person or in writing.  22 of the 28 participants completed the treatment according to plan. Overall, 17 reported symptom improvement, while 10 of the 14 patients with endometriosis did.  Osteopathy is well received by women with painful pelvic floor muscle tightness and appears to be an effective treatment option.
Health literacy screening of patients attending a student led osteopathy clinic: A pilot investigation.
Venue: Complementary therapies in clinical practice

Adequate levels of health literacy (HL) are required for patients to access appropriate health services and develop an understanding of the options for managing their healthcare needs. There is limited literature on HL of patients seeking care for a musculoskeletal complaint. The present study sought to screen the HL of patients presenting to an Australian osteopathy student led clinic using a single screening question 'Are you confident completing medical forms? Less than 10% of patients attending the clinic were considered to have below adequate levels of HL using this question, consistent with other work in Australian populations. Logistic regression analysis identified that the most significant demographic variables associated with lower HL were patients who did not speak English at home, those with lower education levels, and those who were less satisfied with their life. Evaluation of a patients' HL may assist practitioners to improve patient education and management strategies.
Social maturity of B. Ed student teachers

The research study was taken to investigate the Social maturity of B. Ed Student teachers. The sample of 150 B. Ed student Teachers from Mysore City was selected to adopting Stratified random sampling technique giving representation to type of B.Ed colleges and streams. B Ed student teacher's social maturity was accessed with the help of social maturity scale developed by Nalini Rao. Specific objectives formulated were: 1. To assess the level of Social Maturity of the B. Ed student teachers. 2. To study the Significant difference between Male and Female B. Ed student teachers with respect to their Social Maturity. 3. To study the Significant difference between Arts and Science stream B.Ed student teachers with respect to their Social Maturity. 4. To study the Significant difference between Government, Aided and Un aided B.Ed college student teachers with respect to their Social Maturity. The descriptive survey method was adopted for the study. The data, which was obtained from that survey, was analyzed using percentage analysis, t test and one way ANOVA. Findings of the study were 1. A majority (45% of the B. Ed student teachers in Mysore city was found to possess average level of Social Maturity and (26 were found to possess low level of Social Maturity, Only (29 of the B. Ed students possess high level Social Maturity. 2. Significant difference was found in Social Maturity of male and female B.Ed Student teachers comparing mean scores. It is found that the female student teachers have High Social Maturity than their male counterparts. 3. No significant difference was found between Arts and science B. Ed student teachers in their Social Maturity. 4. Significant difference was found in Social Maturity of Government, Aided and Un aided B. Ed college student teachers comparing student mean scores. It is found that Aided college B. Ed college student teachers having High Social Maturity comparing than their Government and Unaided College counter parts.
The Fruit Fly Drosophila as a Powerful Tool in Teaching Life Sciences in Middle and High School Classrooms

Living organisms can be used as important didactic tools for students, and we report here for the first time the evaluation of a scientific laboratory on Drosophila. The aim of this work is to attract more students towards science disciplines and a real appreciation for animal kingdom. We aimed to capture students' interest, develop important educational experiences, and promote the basic and integrated science process skills that are involved in scientific inquiry, including direct contact to a living organism and authentic research on Drosophila melanogaster. We performed this experience in non selective middle (100 students) and high school classrooms (200 students) The practical activities were carried out over three months. Initially, we decided to make homemade fly traps to catch flies, so that students could observe, recognize and have a direct contact with Drosophila. Several experiences were performed, such as the evaluation of different methods for immobilizing flies, and the observation of life cycle, sexual dimorphism, Drosophila mutants plus several species of Drosophilidae. Moreover, students prepared a procedure for fly food, and a method for anesthetizing flies. With sample questionnaires, we obtained a survey of the experiences and so we observed a general agreement and a broad consensus (82 since students considered the experiences very stimulating. As a final result we obtained that students improved their attitudes towards science.
Hodge theoretic mirror symmetry for toric stacks

Using the mirror theorem [CCIT15] we give a Landau Ginzburg mirror description for the big equivariant quantum cohomology of toric Deligne Mumford stacks. More precisely, we prove that the big equivariant quantum D module of a toric Deligne Mumford stack is isomorphic to the Saito structure associated to the mirror Landau Ginzburg potential. We give a GKZ style presentation of the quantum D module, and a combinatorial description of quantum cohomology as a quantum Stanley Reisner ring. We establish the convergence of the mirror isomorphism and of quantum cohomology in the big and equivariant setting.
Characterizing STEM Teacher Education: Affordances and Constraints of Explicit STEM Preparation for Elementary Teachers

Although science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education sits at the center of a national conversation, comparatively little attention has been given to growing need for STEM teacher preparation, particularly at the elementary level. This study analyzes the outcomes of a novel, preservice STEM teacher education model. Building on both general and STEM specific teacher preparation principles, this program combined two traditional mathematics and science methods courses into one STEM block. Analysis compared preservice teachers in the traditional courses with those enrolled in the STEM block, investigating STEM teaching efficacy, reported and exhibited pedagogical practices, and STEM literacies using a pre post survey as well as analysis of lesson planning products. Linear regression models indicated that substantial growth was seen in both approaches but STEM block preservice teachers reported significantly greater gains in STEM teaching efficacy as compared with traditional route teachers. Lesson planning artifacts also demonstrated increased facilitation of STEM literacies, with specific attention to content integration, engineering and design, and arts inclusion. Technology and computational thinking emerged as areas for further growth and clarification in STEM teacher education models. Findings contribute to a growing research base on developing the STEM teacher workforce.
Determining female consumers' perceptions of garment fit, personal values and emotions when considering garment sizing

Female consumer's clothing shopping experience is primarily influenced by the appearance and fit of a garment that may be influenced by their personal values and is a process that involves emotions (Otieno et al. 2005; Lopatovska and Arapakis, 2011) Very little research focussing on the emotional impact and the role that personal values play in the female consumers' shopping experience of ready to wear garment fit has been conducted in South Africa to date. The primary objective of this study was to explore the areas of concern of garment sizing to establish the emotional impact garment sizing and the resulting fit have on the female consumer purchasing behaviour when evaluated against their personal value system. This study applied the means end chain theory approach that allowed the researcher to explore female consumers' personal values and the resulting emotions, through the application of the laddering interview techniques. Using open ended questions, this study aimed to discover the role of female consumers' perceptions of garment sizing and the resulting emotional effects of garment fit on their purchasing decisions. The findings from the data collected from a purposeful and convenient sample of 62 female consumers from Gauteng, Johannesburg showed that the majority of the participants in this study failed to attain their personal values through the fit of a garment due to inconsistent, unreliable and inaccurate sizing, garment sizing which is unsuitable for various body shapes and the unavailability of certain clothing sizes in ready to wear garments. The study established that it is extremely important that South African clothing manufacturers and designers should strategize to satisfy the clothing need of the consumers who are currently having problems with garment sizing, by understanding female consumers' garment sizing and fit needs through extended research of their target markets.
Improvement of carbon black based polymer composite electrical conductivity with additions of MWCNT

Owing to their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are ideal candidates for improving the performances of polymer composites. In the present work, we investigated the effect of CNT addition on the electrical conductivity of two types of carbon black (CB) filled polymer. Also, two different methods of compounding were applied and their effects are compared: mixing by a laboratory compounder Haake Rheomix Polylab and mixing by a twin roller mixer. Composites containing a total of 10% by weight of different carbon fillers (CB, CNTs and their mixtures in a ratio of 8/2) were thus obtained, characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their frequency dependence of the electrical conductivity was measured. It is shown that the alternating current (AC) conductivities display two regions: a low frequency region of constant conductivity and a higher frequency region of increasing conductivity with increasing frequency (following the percolation scaling law) It was also observed that the samples compounded with twin roller mixer exhibit a higher electrical conductivity than those obtained with the laboratory compounder. Moreover, the conductivity of the composites containing CNTs in addition to CB is found to be higher than the conductivity of the composites containing only CB.
Dielectric breakdown strength and electrical conductivity of low density polyethylene octylnanosilica composite
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP)

One challenge in studying nanodielectric composites is to produce reliable, reproducible samples. A common strategy to suppress aggregation and make the particles more compatible with the polymer matrix is to modify the nanoparticle surface chemistry but, often, evaluation of the effectiveness of the chosen surface functionalization process can prove difficult. In this paper the emphasis is on feasible ways to monitor the production of silane coupled nanosilica low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) The AC breakdown properties of the resulting composites is studied and the field dependency of the DC conductivity is measured and also calculated using a space charge limited conduction (SCLC) model together with densities of states obtained from ab initio calculations. For composites containing 13 wt% of nanosilica, breakdown strengths some 18 higher than that of the unfilled LDPE were obtained. However, the results are not stable over time. This appears to be related to how extensively the composite is dried at elevated temperatures under vacuum.
Understanding Digital Transformation Strategy formation: Insights from Europe's Automotive Industry
Venue: PACIS

An increasing number of firms are responding to new opportunities and risks originating from digital technologies by introducing company wide digital transformation strategies as a means to systematically address their digital transformation. Yet, what processes and strategizing activities affect the formation of digital transformation strategies in organizations are not well understood. We adopt a phenomenon based approach and investigate the formation of digital transformation strategies in organizations from a process perspective. Drawing on an activity based process model that links Mintzberg's strategy typology with the concept of IS strategizing, we conduct a multiple case study at three European car manufacturers. Our results indicate that digital transformation strategies are predominantly shaped by a diversity of emergent strategizing activities of separate organizational subcommunities through a bottom up process and prior to the initiation of a holistic digital transformation strategy by top management. As a result, top management's deliberate strategies seek to accomplish the subsequent alignment of preexisting emergent strategy contents with their intentions and to simultaneously increase the share of deliberate contents. Besides providing practical implications for the formulation and implementation of a digital transformation strategy, we contribute to the literature on digital transformation and IS strategizing.
An Introduction to Vector Variational Inequalities and Some New Results

This survey paper discusses some new results on vector variational inequalities. It can serve as an elementary introduction to vector variational inequalities and vector optimization problems. The focus point is made on the results about connectedness structure of the solution sets, which are obtained by a scalarization method and properties of semi algebraic sets. The first major theorem says that both Pareto solution set and weak Pareto solution set of a vector variational inequality, where the constraint set is polyhedral convex and the basic operators are given by polynomial functions, have finitely many connected components. The second major theorem asserts that both proper Pareto solution set and weak Pareto solution set of a vector variational inequality, where the convex constraint set is given by polynomial functions and all the components of the basic operators are polynomial functions, have finitely many connected components, provided that the Mangasarian Fromovitz Constraint Qualification is satisfied at every point of the constraint set. In addition, it has been established that if the proper Pareto solution set is dense in the Pareto solution set, then the latter also has finitely many connected components. Consequences of the results for vector optimization problems are shown.