nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Optical Character Recognition and Machine Translation of Historical Documents
Venue: LT4DH@COLING

Machine Translation (MT) plays a critical role in expanding capacity in the translation industry. However, many valuable documents, including digital documents, are encoded in non accessible formats for machine processing (e.g. Historical or Legal documents) Such documents must be passed through a process of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to render the text suitable for MT. No matter how good the OCR is, this process introduces recognition errors, which often renders MT ineffective. In this paper, we propose a new OCR to MT framework based on adding a new OCR error correction module to enhance the overall quality of translation. Experimentation shows that our new system correction based on the combination of Language Modeling and Translation methods outperforms the baseline system by nearly 30% relative improvement.
Causality inference for failures in NFV
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)

In this paper we consider a root cause analysis framework for NFV infrastructure. As monitoring machinery for NFV has matured the next step is to leverage on such data to automatically optimize failure detection, analysis, and overall resiliency. The complex architecture and dynamics of NFV poses significant challenges from the point of view of causality inference. In particular, the need for an approach that does not depend on domain knowledge or human intervention is of high importance. We propose in this context a step wise data driven root case analysis approach based on correlation clustering, and time sensitivity analysis of alarms data. Our approach recovers templates of causality relationship between network resources alarms, which in turn allows to determine rules for performing root cause analysis. We demonstrate our approach on real data collected from NFV, where our algorithm computes causality templates. These templates were verified by system experts, while most of them were confirmed to be known and others were new.
Computer Aided Translation Technology Application in ESP Teaching

With the development of computer and the Internet, traditional teaching methods have been greatly challenged, so does ESP teaching. In order to cope with the new trend and the changes happened in classroom teaching and learning, teachers should turn their eyes on more effective methods especially the ones integrated with computer and the Internet technology. English for Specific purposes (ESP) has a long tradition, as a movement designed to respond to non English majors' needs both for academic and cross cultural communication purpose in specific scientific fields and professional settings. The purpose of ESP teaching may lay both in explaining basic language knowledge used in a particular subject and promoting the abilities to use English as a tool or a way to learn the special subject. How to teach ESP and are there any new methods can be applied into classroom teaching are remain the hot topic which have been discussed recently. Nowadays, in this information age, many scholars devote themselves to the exploration of computer aided teaching in particular subjects, and computer aided translation is of great importance in ESP teaching. It is a subject involves the basic concepts of computer aided translation technology, helps students learn to use a variety of computer aided translation tools, enhances their ability to engage in various kinds of language service in such a technical environment. This study explores the method of applying basic principles of computer aided translation in ESP teaching, including using searching engine or an appropriate electronic dictionary to translate a term, using proper software to construct a terminology database, using corpus to refine an academic writing and etc. It can not only combine modern technology with traditional teaching but can also enhance the ESP learners' ability in reading and translating, and to make them increasingly autonomous
Effects of cooperative translation on Chinese EFL student levels of interest and self efficacy in specialized English translation

Translation instruction is very important in specialized English teaching activities. The effectiveness of current specialized English translation instruction (SETI) in mainland China, however, is unclear because university students have become less interested in, and less confident when doing, English translation. This study investigated the effects of online cooperative translation on EFL students' levels of interest and self efficacy with respect to specialized English translation through a questionnaire, focus group interview, interaction data analysis, and pre test and post test on 48 second year college students in China majoring in educational technology. The results showed that online cooperative translations could significantly increase student interest and self efficacy in specialized English translation. In cooperative translation, student engagement was significantly and linearly correlated with their interest and self efficacy in translation. We conclude with recommendations on reforming current SETI practices in mainland China's universities.
Lost in Translation: The Gap in Scientific Advancements and Clinical Application
Venue: Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

The evolution of medicine and medical technology hinges on the successful translation of basic science research from the bench to clinical implementation at the bedside. Out of the increasing need to facilitate the transfer of scientific knowledge to patients, translational research has emerged. Significant leaps in improving global health, such as antibiotics, vaccinations, and cancer therapies, have all seen successes under this paradigm, yet today, it has become increasingly difficult to realize this ideal scenario. As hospital revenue demand increases, and financial support declines, clinician protected research time has been limited. Researchers, likewise, have been forced to abandon time and resource consuming translational research to focus on publication generating work to maintain funding and professional advancement. Compared to the surge in scientific innovation and new fields of science, realization of transformational scientific findings in device development and materials sciences has significantly lagged behind. Herein, we describe: how the current scientific paradigm struggles in the new health care landscape; the obstacles met by translational researchers; and solutions, both public and private, to overcoming those obstacles. We must rethink the old dogma of academia and reinvent the traditional pathways of research in order to truly impact the health care arena and ultimately those that matter most: the patient.
Analysis of a Concentrating Solar Power Tower Operating with a Closed Joule Brayton Cycle and Thermal Storage

In this paper, a solar tower power plant with a closed Joule Brayton cycle, of 5 MW rate power, with molten salts thermal storage, located in Seville is presented. The peculiarity of the cycle, using air like fluid work, is to vary, by an auxiliary compressor and a vent valve, the pressure, so that fluid average density, at gas turbine inlet. An adjustment of the mass flow rate, in order to regulate the exit air temperature from the receiver of concentrating solar tower, is obtained. During energy surplus production, the thermal storage energy is loaded. Particular attention is placed to the energy thermal storage, which uses molten salt KCl MgCl2, suitable for this application due to its high melting temperature, in double tank configuration. The thermodynamic model of the entire plant was implemented using Thermoflex(r) software, while, for the concentrating tower, WinDelsol software was used. Using time data relating to the locations, the performance of the entire plant, during a year, has been simulated. Preliminary results show that this plant can achieve relevant benefits in total energy production and equivalent operation hours per year, therefore it is competitive with conventional energy production systems. Furthermore, a performances estimation with a cost analysis, using a LCOE parametric analysis, has been performed.
Validity and reliability of the UCLA loneliness scale version 3 in Farsi

The UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 (UCLA LS3) is a widely used instrument to assess subjective feelings of loneliness. The aim of this study was to evaluate cross cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of a Farsi version of the UCLA LS3. The questionnaire was translated into Farsi and completed by 300 healthy adults. In confirmatory factor analysis, three factor structure showed a good fit to the data. Internal consistency of the scale was high; and in the concurrent validity, the UCLA LS3 had a positive association with the Social Network Index. In addition, test retest reliability over a four week period supported stability of the UCLA LS3 score. Our findings indicated that the Farsi version of the UCLA LS3 is a valid and reliable measure to assess loneliness in a Farsi speaking population.
[Validation of the UCLA loneliness scale in an elderly population that live alone]
Venue: Semergen

This article examines the growing social phenomenon of elderly people living alone from 2 points of view: the objective loneliness of living alone and the subjective loneliness of feeling lonely.  To validate the UCLA loneliness scale as a tool for the overall measurement of loneliness and to determine the social profile in elderly people living alone.  Observational study carried out over 2 years (2012 2013) to identify elderly people living alone; case control study to validate the UCLA loneliness scale. The sample was taken from 3 surgeries belonging to 2 Primary Care health centres from urban and rural areas. We studied construct validity, discriminant validity and sensitivity analysis were analysed.  Of the elderly population studied 22.3% live alone, 61.7% due to loss of spouse, with a mean age of 70.7 years, and 82.7% women; 17.3% have no family ties and 63.2% feel lonely. UCLA loneliness scale has a construct validity with a high correlation between items. The discriminant validity was confirmed in relation to the elderly who do not live alone, with Cronbach alpha of 0.95, and it is sensitive to change.  One in 4 5 elderly live alone, mainly due to the loss of spouse. There are 3 times as many women as men who live alone. Two out of 3 experience the feeling of loneliness. The UCLA loneliness scale has proved to be a useful and sensitive tool to measure loneliness in the elderly population.
Correlation and Prediction of the Transport Properties of Ionic Liquids

A modified version of the rough hard sphere (RHS) scheme of Gacino et al. has been used to correlate the viscosity and thermal conductivity of ILs. A total of 661 viscosity data at 0.1 MPa for 48 ILs, and 159 thermal conductivity data at 0.1 MPa for 26 ILs were correlated, with average absolute deviations between calculated and experimental values (AAD) of 1.15 in the case of the viscosity and 2.32 in the case of the thermal conductivity. In addition, a total of 453 viscosity data for 10 ILs and 95 thermal conductivity data for 9 ILs over a pressure range of 0.1 MPa to 35.6 MPa were correlated with AADs of 3.46 in the case of the viscosity and 2.89 in the case of the thermal conductivity. More importantly, the three parameters of the modified RHS scheme were found to exhibit regular trends with the molecular weight of ILs with a common anion. Finally, IL mixture viscosities were predicted within their experimental uncertainties using a simple mixing rule. Mixtures of water and ILs could also be accommodated within the RHS scheme, although errors were higher in this case.
"Blissfully Happy" or "Ready toFight" Varying Interpretations of Emoji
Venue: ICWSM

Emoji are commonly used in modern text communication. However, as graphics with nuanced details, emoji may be open to interpretation. Emoji also render differently on different viewing platforms (e.g. Apple's iPhone vs. Google's Nexus phone) potentially leading to communication errors. We explore whether emoji renderings or differences across platforms give rise to diverse interpretations of emoji. Through an online survey, we solicit people's interpretations of a sample of the most popular emoji characters, each rendered for multiple platforms. Both in terms of sentiment and semantics, we analyze the variance in interpretation of the emoji, quantifying which emoji are most (and least) likely to be misinterpreted. In cases in which participants rated the same emoji rendering, they disagreed on whether the sentiment was positive, neutral, or negative 25% of the time. When considering renderings across platforms, these disagreements only increase. Overall, we find significant potential for miscommunication, both for individual emoji renderings and for different emoji renderings across platforms.
Psychological consequences of childhood obesity: psychiatric comorbidity and prevention
Venue: Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics

Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century with far reaching and enduring adverse consequences for health outcomes. Over 42 million children <5 years worldwide are estimated to be overweight (OW) or obese (OB) and if current trends continue, then an estimated 70 million children will be OW or OB by 2025. The purpose of this review was to focus on psychiatric, psychological, and psychosocial consequences of childhood obesity (OBy) to include a broad range of international studies. The aim was to establish what has recently changed in relation to the common psychological consequences associated with childhood OBy. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for articles presenting information on the identification or prevention of psychiatric morbidity in childhood obesity. Relevant data were extracted and narratively reviewed. Findings established childhood OW/OBy was negatively associated with psychological comorbidities, such as depression, poorer perceived lower scores on health related quality of life, emotional and behavioral disorders, and self esteem during childhood. Evidence related to the association between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and OBy remains unconvincing because of various findings from studies. OW children were more likely to experience multiple associated psychosocial problems than their healthy weight peers, which may be adversely influenced by OBy stigma, teasing, and bullying. OBy stigma, teasing, and bullying are pervasive and can have serious consequences for emotional and physical health and performance. It remains unclear as to whether psychiatric disorders and psychological problems are a cause or a consequence of childhood obesity or whether common factors promote both obesity and psychiatric disturbances in susceptible children and adolescents. A cohesive and strategic approach to tackle this current obesity epidemic is necessary to combat this increasing trend which is compromising the health and well being of the young generation and seriously impinging on resources and economic costs.
SemEval 2016 Task 4: Sentiment Analysis in Twitter
Venue: *SEMEVAL

This paper discusses the fourth year of the "Sentiment Analysis in Twitter Task" SemEval 2016 Task 4 comprises five subtasks, three of which represent a significant departure from previous editions. The first two subtasks are reruns from prior years and ask to predict the overall sentiment, and the sentiment towards a topic in a tweet. The three new subtasks focus on two variants of the basic "sentiment classification in Twitter" task. The first variant adopts a five point scale, which confers an ordinal character to the classification task. The second variant focuses on the correct estimation of the prevalence of each class of interest, a task which has been called quantification in the supervised learning literature. The task continues to be very popular, attracting a total of 43 teams.
Why developmental psychology is incomplete without comparative and cross cultural perspectives
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

As a discipline, developmental psychology has a long history of relying on animal models and data collected among distinct cultural groups to enrich and inform theories of the ways social and cognitive processes unfold through the lifespan. However, approaches that draw together developmental, cross cultural and comparative perspectives remain rare. The need for such an approach is reflected in the papers by Heyes (2015  20150069.  Schmelz Call (2015  20150067.  and Keller (2015  20150070.  in this theme issue. Here, we incorporate these papers into a review of recent research endeavours covering a range of core aspects of social cognition, including social learning, cooperation and collaboration, prosociality, and theory of mind. In so doing, we aim to highlight how input from comparative and cross cultural empiricism has altered our perspectives of human development and, in particular, led to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the human cultural mind.
The Evolution of Domain Names and Their Impacts on Trade Mark Rights

In 2001, the World Intellectual Property Organisation identified various points of tension arising from the use of trade marks in the Internet Domain Name System. With the addition of more than 1000 alternatives to .com Top Level Domain to the global Internet, some of those tensions remain and new tensions are created as trade marks' function and value in the Domain Name System evolves. This chapter considers the changing use of trade marks in the Domain Name System, in particular from the introduction of new generic Top Level Domains and their impacts on trade mark rights.
The Search for Structure: An Alternative to the Forced Q Sort Technique

FOR nearly five decades, but particularly during the last twenty years, the forced Q sort has held an important place in the social scientist's methodological repertoire. During this time, the forced Q sort technique and its analysis procedures have remained virtually unchanged, despite numerous criticisms (for example, Cronbach Gleser, 1953;  1956; Gaito, 1962) and methodological advances. This, of course, may be due to the robustness of the technique, as Brown (1971, 1980) has argued. Or, it may be due to the flaws in the various alternatives that have been suggested. Yet, the difficulties of the forced Q sort technique make the search for an alternative seem worthwhile. This paper reconsiders early criticisms of the forced Q sort technique, and it raises several new practical and epistemological concerns. It then suggests analytical procedures that are compatible with unforced formats, showing how data generated from unforced card sorting procedures can be analyzed using either a Q or an R methodology. THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FORCED Q SORT TECHNIQUE The typical Q sort procedure requires respondents to arrange a number (h) of stimulus statements into several (g) categories according to some criterion of relevance, importance, applicability, or so forth. In these procedures, g is typically a function of h, with more categories
A visual SLAM based approach for calibration of distributed camera networks
Venue: 2016 13th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS)

This paper presents a concept which tackles the pose estimation problem (extrinsic calibration) for distributed, non overlapping multi camera networks. The basic idea is to use a visual SLAM technique in order to reconstruct the scene from a video which includes areas visible by each camera of the network. The reconstruction consists of a sparse, but highly accurate point cloud, representing a joint 3D reference coordinate system. Additionally, a set of 3D registered keyframes (images) are used for high resolution representation of the scene which also include a mapping between a set of 2D pixels to 3D points of the point cloud. The pose estimation of each surveillance camera is performed individually by assigning 2D 2D correspondences between pixels of the surveillance camera and pixels of similar keyframes that map to a 3D point. This allows to implicitly obtain a set of 2D 3D correspondences between pixels in the surveillance camera and their corresponding 3D points in a joint reference coordinate system. Thus the global camera pose can be estimated using robust methods for solving the perspective n point problem.
The followership of hotel employees and the relationship between occupational burnout, job stress, and customer orientation: Targeting the hotel service providers at luxury hotels

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between followership, occupational burnout, job stress, and customer orientation of the employees at service encounters at luxury hotels (544 people) with the structural equation analysis by using AMOS statistical program. The results are as follows. Overall detailed factors of followership were shown to lower occupational burnout and job stress. Also, when occupational burnout is high, it was shown to increase job stress. When job stress is high, it appeared to decrease customer orientation. Therefore, the predictive factors for enhancing followership is important, and the followership among organization members should be increased through organizational support and superior's leadership toward subordinate by holding meetings or mentoring among members, or by promoting internal marketing such as having internal communication, providing education and training, and utilizing reward system.
What does it mean to follow? An exploration of a followership profile in hospitality and tourism

Although leadership has received considerable attention from many scholars, much less research has focused on those who follow leaders; yet, followers contribute much to the success of an organization. This study explored the followership profiles of stakeholders in hospitality and tourism education. The findings summarize the followership dimensions of a sample of hospitality students, educators, and industry professionals. For each of the five followership dimensions the mean scores for industry professionals were rated higher when compared with students and educators, with courage to participate in transformation being the highest rated among all three groups. Implications for hospitality education are presented.
Stacked Product Quantization for Nearest Neighbor Search on Large Datasets
Venue: 2016 IEEE Trustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA

High dimensional vector quantization plays an important role in KNN search on large datasets. In recent years, there have a large literature on vector quantization such as product quantization(PQ) optimized product quantization(OPQ) additive quantization (AQ) stacked quantization(SQ) However, these vector quantization faced with large quantization error or low efficiency codebook learning and encoding. In this paper, we propose a new vector quantization method called SPQ which combines the strength of PQ and SQ. On one hand, compared with PQ, we can get a more precise subcodebook in each subspace. On the other hand, we can generate codebook within consuming less time and memory than SQ. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that SPQ can generate codebook and encoding faster than SQ while maintain the same quantization error. Furthermore we show that SPQ have good scalability, which compare favorably with the sate of the art.