nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient level set method based on multi scale image segmentation and hermite differential operator
Venue: Neurocomputing

In this paper, an efficient and robust level set method is presented to segment the images with intensity inhomogeneity. The multi scale segmentation idea is incorporated into energy functional construction and a new Hermite differential operator is designed to numerically solve the level set evolution equation. Firstly, the circular shape window is used to define local region so as to approximate the image as well as intensity inhomogeneity. Then, multi scale statistical analysis is performed on intensities of local circular regions centered in each pixel. So, the multi scale local energy term can be constructed by fitting multi scale approximation of inhomogeneity free image in a piecewise constant way. To avoid the time consuming re initialization procedure, a new double well potential function is adopted to construct the penalty energy term. Finally, the multi scale segmentation is performed by minimizing the total energy functional. Here, a new differential operator based on Hermite polynomial interpolation is proposed to solve the minimization. The experiments and comparisons with three popular local region based methods on images with different levels of intensity inhomogeneity have demonstrated the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method.
Applying Semantic Technologies to Fight Online Banking Fraud

Cybercrime tackling is a major challenge for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) Traditional digital forensics and investigation procedures are not coping with the sheer amount of data to analyse, which is stored in multiple devices seized from distinct, possibly related cases. Moreover, inefficient information representation and exchange hampers evidence recovery and relationship discovery. Aiming at a better balance between human reasoning skills and computer processing capabilities, this paper discusses how semantic technologies could make cybercrime investigation more efficient. It takes the example of online banking fraud to propose an ontology aimed at mapping criminal organisations and identifying malware developers. Although still on early stage of development, it reviews concepts to extend from well established ontologies and proposes novel abstractions that could enhance relationship discovery. Finally, it suggests inference rules based on empirical knowledge which could better address the needs of the human analyst.
Co3S4@polyaniline nanotubes as high performance anode materials for sodium ion batteries

In this study, by employing Co3S4 nanotubes prepared by a facile self template hydrothermal route based on the Kirkendall effect, Co3S4@polyaniline (Co3S4@PANI) nanotubes, in which polyaniline is uniformly coated on both exterior and inner surfaces of Co3S4 nanotubes, have been fabricated through in situ oxidative polymerization. Benefiting from the highly conductive and mechanically robust polyaniline shell, the conductivity and stability of the composite have been significantly improved. As a result, Co3S4@PANI nanotubes demonstrate much better electrochemical performance than bare Co3S4 nanotubes as sodium ion battery anode materials, with a high capacity of 252.5 mA h g 1 after 100 cycles at the current density of 200 mA g 1. In contrast, although a specific capacity of the bare Co3S4 nanotubes in the first cycle achieved was 815.3 mA h g 1, it rapidly decayed to 192.9 mA h g 1 at the 20th cycle and further reduced to 58.2 mA h g 1 after 100 cycles. Furthermore, Co3S4@PANI nanotubes showed a high discharge capacity of 170.1 mA h g 1 after 400 cycles with a large current density of 4000 mA g 1. The excellent electrochemical properties of Co3S4@PANI nanotubes were ascribed to the combination of Co3S4 and PANI and the stability of the composite structure.
Direct Solar Charging of an Organic Inorganic, Stable, and Aqueous Alkaline Redox Flow Battery with a Hematite Photoanode
Venue: Angewandte Chemie

The intermittent nature of the sunlight and its increasing contribution to electricity generation is fostering the energy storage research. Direct solar charging of an auspicious type of redox flow battery could make solar energy directly and efficiently dispatchable. The first solar aqueous alkaline redox flow battery using low cost and environmentally safe materials is demonstrated. The electrolytes consist of the redox couples ferrocyanide and anthraquinone 2,7 disulphonate in sodium hydroxide solution, yielding a standard cell potential of 0.74 V. Photovoltage enhancement strategies are demonstrated for the ferrocyanide hematite junction by employing an annealing treatment and growing a layer of a conductive polyaniline polymer on the electrode surface, which decreases electron hole recombination.
A review of non destructive testing methods of composite materials

A review provided about non destructive testing (NDT) methods for the evaluation of composites. The review considers the capabilities of most common methods in composite NDT applications such as Visual Testing (VT or VI) Ultrasonic Testing (UT) Thermography, Radiographic Testing (RT) Electromagnetic Testing (ET) Acoustic Emission (AE) and Shearography Testing with respect to advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Then, methods categorized based on their intrinsic characteristics and their applications.
BDST modelling of sodium ion exchange column behaviour with strong acid cation resin in relation to coal seam water treatment

Reverse osmosis is the dominant technology utilized for desalination of saline water produced during the extraction of coal seam gas. Alternatively, ion exchange is of interest due to potential cost advantages. However, there is limited information regarding the column performance of strong acid cation resin for removal of sodium ions from both model and actual coal seam water samples. In particular, the impact of bed depth, flow rate, and regeneration was not clear. Consequently, this study applied Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) models to reveal that increasing sodium ion concentration and flow rates diminished the time required for breakthrough to occur. The loading of sodium ions on fresh resin was calculated to be ca 71.1 g Na/kg resin. Difficulties in regeneration of the resin using hydrochloric acid solutions were discovered, with 86% recovery of exchange sites observed. The maximum concentration of sodium ions in the regenerant brine was found to be 47,400 mg/L under the conditions employed. The volume of regenerant waste formed was 6.2% of the total volume of water treated. A coal seam water sample was found to load the resin with only 53.5 g Na/kg resin, which was consistent with not only the co presence of more favoured ions such as calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium, but also inefficient regeneration of the resin prior to the coal seam water test.
Efficient ring signature schemes over NTRU Lattices
Venue: Secur. Commun. Networks

Two ring signature schemes over number theory research unit (NTRU) lattices are presented. The first scheme constructed in the random oracle model is an extension of Ducas, Lyubashevsky, and Prest's identity based encryption scheme over NTRU lattices (in Asiacrypt 2014) Moreover, motivated by Boyen's lattice mixing and vanishing trapdoors (in PKC 2010) the second scheme in the standard model is achieved. Under the chosen message attack, our new constructions are proved strongly existentially unforgeable, and the security can be reduced to the hardness of NTRU lattices. Compared with the existing lattice based ring signatures, our schemes are more efficient and with shorter signature length.
Efficient hierarchical identity based encryption scheme in the standard model over lattices
Venue: Frontiers of Information Technology Electronic Engineering

Using lattice basis delegation in a fixed dimension, we propose an efficient lattice based hierarchical identity based encryption (HIBE) scheme in the standard model whose public key size is only (dm2 mn) log q bits and whose message ciphertext expansion factor is only log q, where d is the maximum hierarchical depth and (n, m, q) are public parameters. In our construction, a novel public key assignment rule is used to averagely assign one random and public matrix to two identity bits, which implies that d random public matrices are enough to build the proposed HIBE scheme in the standard model, compared with the case in which 2d such public matrices are needed in the scheme proposed at Crypto 2010 whose public key size is (2dm2 mn +m) log q. To reduce the message ciphertext expansion factor of the proposed scheme to log q, the encryption algorithm of this scheme is built based on Gentry's encryption scheme, by which m2 bits of plaintext are encrypted into m2 log q bits of ciphertext by a one time encryption operation. Hence, the presented scheme has some advantages with respect to not only the public key size but also the message ciphertext expansion factor. Based on the hardness of the learning with errors problem, we demonstrate that the scheme is secure under selective identity and chosen plaintext attacks.
WORMHOLE: Novel Least Diverged Ortholog Prediction through Machine Learning
Venue: PLoS Comput. Biol.

The rapid advancement of technology in genomics and targeted genetic manipulation has made comparative biology an increasingly prominent strategy to model human disease processes. Predicting orthology relationships between species is a vital component of comparative biology. Dozens of strategies for predicting orthologs have been developed using combinations of gene and protein sequence, phylogenetic history, and functional interaction with progressively increasing accuracy. A relatively new class of orthology prediction strategies combines aspects of multiple methods into meta tools, resulting in improved prediction performance. Here we present WORMHOLE, a novel ortholog prediction meta tool that applies machine learning to integrate 17 distinct ortholog prediction algorithms to identify novel least diverged orthologs (LDOs) between 6 eukaryotic species humans, mice, zebrafish, fruit flies, nematodes, and budding yeast. Machine learning allows WORMHOLE to intelligently incorporate predictions from a wide spectrum of strategies in order to form aggregate predictions of LDOs with high confidence. In this study we demonstrate the performance of WORMHOLE across each combination of query and target species. We show that WORMHOLE is particularly adept at improving LDO prediction performance between distantly related species, expanding the pool of LDOs while maintaining low evolutionary distance and a high level of functional relatedness between genes in LDO pairs. We present extensive validation, including cross validated prediction of PANTHER LDOs and evaluation of evolutionary divergence and functional similarity, and discuss future applications of machine learning in ortholog prediction. A WORMHOLE web tool has been developed and is available at
Applying Differential Coercion and Social Support Theory to Police Officers' Misconduct

The goal of this study is to test differential coercion and social support theory on police officers' misconduct. Data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997 1999 are analyzed to test the propositions of the theory. Specifically, we test whether this theory can explain intimate partner violence (IPV) and problematic drinking perpetrated by police officers. Results indicated that two types of coercion (out of five) were significant in predicting IPV perpetration, while two alternate forms of coercion were significant in predicting problematic alcohol consumption. Anger was the only significant social psychological deficit in predicting both dependent variables. Social support, mainly from family/friends and the department, only decreased the odds of problematic alcohol consumption. The current study provides further evidence that victimization continues to be one of the most consistent forms of coercion most likely to lead to criminal behavior.
Organic agriculture in the twenty first century
Venue: Nature Plants

Organic agriculture has a history of being contentious and is considered by some as an inefficient approach to food production. Yet organic foods and beverages are a rapidly growing market segment in the global food industry. Here, we examine the performance of organic farming in light of four key sustainability metrics: productivity, environmental impact, economic viability and social wellbeing. Organic farming systems produce lower yields compared with conventional agriculture. However, they are more profitable and environmentally friendly, and deliver equally or more nutritious foods that contain less (or no) pesticide residues, compared with conventional farming. Moreover, initial evidence indicates that organic agricultural systems deliver greater ecosystem services and social benefits. Although organic agriculture has an untapped role to play when it comes to the establishment of sustainable farming systems, no single approach will safely feed the planet. Rather, a blend of organic and other innovative farming systems is needed. Significant barriers exist to adopting these systems, however, and a diversity of policy instruments will be required to facilitate their development and implementation.
Large amplitude internal waves sustain coral health during thermal stress
Venue: Coral Reefs

Ocean warming is a major threat for coral reefs causing widespread coral bleaching and mortality. Potential refugia are thus crucial for coral survival. Exposure to large amplitude internal waves (LAIW) mitigated heat stress and ensured coral survival and recovery during and after an extreme heat anomaly. The physiological status of two common corals, Porites lutea and Pocillopora meandrina, was monitored in host and symbiont traits, in response to LAIW exposure throughout the unprecedented 2010 heat anomaly in the Andaman Sea. LAIW exposed corals of both species survived and recovered, while LAIW sheltered corals suffered partial and total mortality in P. lutea and P. meandrina, respectively. LAIW are ubiquitous in the tropics and potentially generate coral refuge areas. As thermal stress to corals is expected to increase in a warming ocean, the mechanisms linking coral bleaching to ocean dynamics will be crucial to predict coral survival on a warming planet.
2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death.
Venue: Revista espanola de cardiologia

ACC American College of Cardiology ACE angiotensin converting enzyme ACS acute coronary syndrome AF atrial fibrillation AGNES Arrhythmia Genetics in the Netherlands AHA American Heart Association AMIOVIRT AMIOdarone Versus Implantable cardioverter defibrillator:
Detection of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) and turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) from archival ornamental fish samples.
Venue: Diseases of aquatic organisms

Although infections caused by megalocytiviruses have been reported from a wide range of finfish species for several decades, molecular characterisation of the viruses involved has been undertaken only on more recent cases. Sequence analysis of the major capsid protein and adenosine triphosphatase genes is reported here from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material from 2 archival ornamental fish cases from 1986 and 1988 in conjunction with data for a range of genes from fresh frozen tissues from 5 cases obtained from 1991 through to 2010. Turbot reddish body iridovirus (TRBIV) genotype megalocytiviruses, previously not documented in ornamental fish, were detected in samples from 1986, 1988 and 1991. In contrast, megalocytiviruses from 1996 onwards, including those characterised from 2002, 2006 and 2010 in this study, were almost indistinguishable from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) Three of the species infected with TRBIV like megalocytiviruses from 1986 to 1991, viz. dwarf gourami Trichogaster lalius (formerly Colisa lalia) freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare and oscar Astronotus ocellatus, were infected with ISKNV genotype megalocytiviruses from 2002 to 2010. The detection of a TRBIV genotype isolate in ornamental fish from 1986 represents the index case, confirmed by molecular sequence data, for the genus Megalocytivirus.
Wireless sensor network virtualization: A survey
Venue: IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are the key components of the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. They are now ubiquitous and used in a plurality of application domains. WSNs are still domain specific and usually deployed to support a specific application. However, as WSNs' nodes are becoming more and more powerful, it is getting more and more pertinent to research how multiple applications could share a very same WSN infrastructure. Virtualization is a technology that can potentially enable this sharing. This paper is a survey on WSN virtualization. It provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art and an in depth discussion of the research issues. We introduce the basics of WSN virtualization and motivate its pertinence with carefully selected scenarios. Existing works are presented in detail and critically evaluated using a set of requirements derived from the scenarios. The pertinent research projects are also reviewed. Several research issues are also discussed with hints on how they could be tackled.
Dynamic Cluster Head Selection Method for Wireless Sensor Network
Venue: IEEE Sensors Journal

In view of the wireless sensor network clustering algorithm at home and abroad, the dynamic cluster head selection methods for a wireless sensor network are put forward in order to solve the problem of the unreasonable cluster head selection that may lead to the overlapping coverage and unbalanced energy consumption in the cluster communication. Experimental results show that this method balances the network node energy in two phases compared with the existed algorithms. The network lifetime is increased by 50% higher than that of low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and increased by 30% higher than that of distribute energy efficient clustering algorithm (DEEC) also the survival time of the network is longer than that of energy balanced deterministic clustering algorithm and adaptive energy optimized clustering algorithm, achieving the effectiveness of the network energy consumption, and it has the longest network lifetime.
An Attitude Strength and Self Perception Framework Regarding the Bi directional Relationship of Job Satisfaction with Extra Role and In Role Behavior: The Doubly Moderating Role of Work Centrality
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Studies have identified variables either moderating the extent to which job satisfaction predicts work behavior or moderating the reverse impact of work behavior on job satisfaction. Based on an attitude strength and self perception framework, we argue that certain variables may moderate both the predictive utility of job satisfaction for work behavior and the impact of work behavior on job satisfaction. Specifically focusing on work centrality, we hold that high work centrality renders job satisfaction a strong job attitude, whereas low work centrality renders job satisfaction a weak job attitude. Hence, the predictive utility of job satisfaction for both extra role behavior and in role behavior should be higher the more work is central to employees. In contrast, the influence of extra role behavior, but not of in role behavior, on job satisfaction should be higher the less work is central to employees. Results of a two wave study (N 176) were in line with these predictions. We discuss further variables that may play a similar role for the bi directional relationship between job satisfaction and work behavior.
An Improved Level of Security for DNA Steganography Using Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography
Venue: Wirel. Pers. Commun.

Steganography is the art of science of hiding information which is more useful in many social networks, digital media, and printing material. Many hiding algorithms are used to flourish the security level of the recent wireless multimedia system to protect the data from an attacker. This paper describes about existing steganographic based hiding methods using LSB techniques, RSA algorithm, DNA cryptography and DNA steganography, which is used to prevent copying, forgery and unauthorized access of videos, audios and images. Existing hiding methods had demerit of increased key size, computational cost, speed and size of the input. Thus the DNA steganography based Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography (HECC) is proposed which provides a higher level of security to image file and also assure the digital media security. The proposed HECC based DNA steganography is compared with traditional cryptographic techniques results in 30 and 42 increased processing time for encryption process and decryption process respectively. Finally, the proposed scheme is compared with other traditional steganographic technique in terms of Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) embedding capacity. From the simulation results, it is inferred that, the proposed steganographic method has, the less embedding capacity, high MSR and PSNR value compared with other steganographic methods.
DNA based cryptographic methods for data hiding in DNA media
Venue: Biosyst.

Information security can be achieved using cryptography, steganography or a combination of them, where data is firstly encrypted using any of the available cryptography techniques and then hid into any hiding medium. Recently, the famous genomic DNA has been introduced as a hiding medium, known as DNA steganography, due to its notable ability to hide huge data sets with a high level of randomness and hence security. Despite the numerous cryptography techniques, to our knowledge only the vigenere cipher and the DNA based playfair cipher have been combined with the DNA steganography, which keeps space for investigation of other techniques and coming up with new improvements. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis between the DNA based playfair, vigenere, RSA and the AES ciphers, each combined with a DNA hiding technique. The conducted analysis reports the performance diversity of each combined technique in terms of security, speed, hiding capacity in addition to both key size and data size. Moreover, this paper proposes a modification of the current combined DNA based playfair cipher technique, which makes it not only simple and fast but also provides a significantly higher hiding capacity and security. The conducted extensive experimental studies confirm such outstanding performance in comparison with all the discussed combined techniques.