nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Jordanian empirical study of the associations among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, knowledge sharing, job performance, and firm performance: A structural equation modelling approach

Knowledge sharing adoption has been considered as a significant practice for organizations. However, there is a modest empirical confirmation to indicate how these organizations value the richness of their knowledge capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate both transformational and transactional leadership styles that influence employees' knowledge sharing practices, and the impact of the latter on job performance, and then on firm performance.  Data collected from 179 employees at the higher council of youth in Jordan were empirically tested using structural equation modelling.  The findings revealed that both transformational and transactional leadership styles have significant impact on job performance, and the latter on firm performance. Also, it was found that transactional leadership impacted knowledge sharing, whereas transformational leadership did not.  This research proposes a new approach to understand knowledg.
Linear and rotary friction welding review

Friction welding (FW) is a high quality, nominally solid state joining process, which produces welds of high structural integrity. Rotary friction welding (RFW) is the most commonly used form of FW, while linear friction welding (LFW) is a relatively new method being used mainly for the production of integrally bladed disc (blisk) assemblies in the aircraft engine industry. Numerous similar and dissimilar joints of structural metallic materials have been welded with RFW and LFW. In this review, the current state of understanding and development of RFW and LFW is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the process parameters, joint microstructure, residual stresses, mechanical properties and their relationships. Finally, opportunities for further research and development of the RFW and LFW processes are identified.
ECG based heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection: A survey
Venue: Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electric activity of the heart and has been widely used for detecting heart diseases due to its simplicity and non invasive nature. By analyzing the electrical signal of each heartbeat, i.e. the combination of action impulse waveforms produced by different specialized cardiac tissues found in the heart, it is possible to detect some of its abnormalities. In the last decades, several works were developed to produce automatic ECG based heartbeat classification methods. In this work, we survey the current state of the art methods of ECG based automated abnormalities heartbeat classification by presenting the ECG signal preprocessing, the heartbeat segmentation techniques, the feature description methods and the learning algorithms used. In addition, we describe some of the databases used for evaluation of methods indicated by a well known standard developed by the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) and described in ANSI/AAMI EC57:1998/(R)2008 (ANSI/AAMI, 2008) Finally, we discuss limitations and drawbacks of the methods in the literature presenting concluding remarks and future challenges, and also we propose an evaluation process workflow to guide authors in future works.
Materials Development In Language Teaching

Thank you for reading materials development in language teaching. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this materials development in language teaching, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer. materials development in language teaching is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the materials development in language teaching is universally compatible with any devices to read.
The Role of Assessment in Language Teaching, Learning and Materials Development

In the current time, teacher assessment is dominantly used in the real classroom setting and this brings several problems and concerns in student's learning. Since teacher is the only who takes in charge of evaluating students' grades and performances, teacher's prejudgment and prejudice are mainly concerned. Thus, this paper aims to explain the roles of self, peer, and teacher assessment in language teaching and learning process. It further explains the ways on how to integrate those assessments for the material development. Data gathering was done based on the document analysis of the recent related articles. Findings revealed that teacher assessment remains to be the dominant type of assessment. However, there was an observed increased in the integration of peer and self assessment. Implications for teaching and research are offered.
Transforming Growth Factor b: Master Regulator of the Respiratory System in Health and Disease.
Venue: American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

In this article, we review the biology and physiological importance of transforming growth factor b (TGF b) to homeostasis in the respiratory system, its importance to innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung, and its pathophysiological role in various chronic pulmonary diseases including pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. The TGF b family is responsible for initiation of the intracellular signaling pathways that direct numerous cellular activities including proliferation, differentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and apoptosis. When TGF b signaling is dysregulated or essential control mechanisms are unbalanced, the consequences of organ and tissue dysfunction can be profound. The complexities and myriad checkpoints built into the TGF b signaling pathways provide attractive targets for the treatment of these disease states, many of which are currently being investigated. This review focuses on those aspects of TGF b biology that are most relevant to pulmonary diseases and that hold promise as novel therapeutic targets.
The Role and Immunobiology of Eosinophils in the Respiratory System: a Comprehensive Review
Venue: Clinical Reviews in Allergy Immunology

The eosinophil is a fully delineated granulocyte that disseminates throughout the bloodstream to end organs after complete maturation in the bone marrow. While the presence of eosinophils is not uncommon even in healthy individuals, these granulocytes play a central role in inflammation and allergic processes. Normally appearing in smaller numbers, higher levels of eosinophils in the peripheral blood or certain tissues typically signal a pathologic process. Eosinophils confer a beneficial effect on the host by enhancing immunity against molds and viruses. However, tissue specific elevation of eosinophils, particularly in the respiratory system, can cause a variety of short term symptoms and may lead to long term sequelae. Eosinophils often play a role in more commonly encountered disease processes, such as asthma and allergic responses in the upper respiratory tract. They are also integral in the pathology of less common diseases including eosinophilic pneumonia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. They can be seen in neoplastic disorders or occupational exposures as well. The involvement of eosinophils in pulmonary disease processes can affect the method of diagnosis and the selection of treatment modalities. By analyzing the complex interaction between the eosinophil and its environment, which includes signaling molecules and tissues, different therapies have been discovered and created in order to target disease processes at a cellular level. Innovative treatments such as mepolizumab and benralizumab will be discussed. The purpose of this article is to further explore the topic of eosinophilic presence, activity, and pathology in the respiratory tract, as well as discuss current and future treatment options through a detailed literature review.
Endocan and the respiratory system: a review
Venue: International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Endocan, formerly called endothelial cell specific molecule 1, is an endothelial cell associated proteoglycan that is preferentially expressed by renal and pulmonary endothelium. It is upregulated by proangiogenic molecules as well as by pro inflammatory cytokines, and since it reflects endothelial activation and dysfunction, it is regarded as a novel tissue and blood based relevant biomarker. As such, it is increasingly being researched and evaluated in a wide spectrum of healthy and disease pathophysiological processes. Here, we review the present scientific knowledge on endocan, with emphasis on the evidence that underlines its possible clinical value as a prognostic marker in several malignant, inflammatory and obstructive disorders of the respiratory system.
Dynamic flow scheduling for Power efficient Data Center Networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)

Power efficient Data Center Networks (DCNs) have been proposed to save power of DCNs using OpenFlow. In these DCNs, the OpenFlow controller adaptively turns on and off links and OpenFlow switches to form a minimum power subnet that satisfies traffic demand. As the subnet changes, flows are scheduled dynamically to routes composed of active switches and links. However, existing flow scheduling schemes could cause undesired results: (1) power inefficiency: due to unbalanced traffic allocation on active routes, extra switches and links may be activated to cater to bursty traffic surges on congested routes, and (2) Quality of Service (QoS) fluctuation: because of the limited flow entry processing ability, switches cannot timely install/delete/update flow entries to properly schedule flows. In this paper, we propose AggreFlow, a dynamic flow scheduling scheme that achieves power efficiency in DCNs and improved QoS using two techniques: Flow set Routing and Lazy Rerouting. Flow set Routing achieves load balancing and reduces the number of entry installment on switches by routing flows in a coarse grained flow set fashion. Lazy Rerouting maintains load balancing and spreads rerouting operations over a relatively long period of time, reducing the burstiness of entry installment/deletion/update on switches. We built a NS3 based fat tree network simulation platform to evaluate AggreFlow's performance. The simulation results show AggreFlow reduces power consumption by about 18% achieves load balancing and improved QoS (i.e. low packet loss rate and reducing the number of processing entries for flow scheduling by 98% compared with baseline schemes.
Leigh Syndrome in Childhood: Neurologic Progression and Functional Outcome
Venue: Journal of clinical neurology

Few studies have analyzed the clinical course and functional outcome in Leigh syndrome (LS) The aim of this study was to determine the clinical, radiological, biochemical, and genetic features of patients with LS, and identify prognostic indicators of the disease progression and neurological outcome.  Thirty nine patients who had been diagnosed with LS at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital were included. Their medical records, neuroimaging findings, and histological/biochemical findings of skeletal muscle specimens were reviewed. Targeted sequencing of mitochondrial DNA was performed based on mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) enzyme defects.  Isolated complex I deficiency was the most frequently observed MRC defect (in 42% of 38 investigated patients) Mitochondrial DNA mutations were identified in 11 patients, of which 81.8% were MT ND genes. The clinical outcome varied widely, from independent daily activity to severe disability. Poor functional outcomes and neurological deterioration were significantly associated with early onset (before an age of 1 year) and the presence of other lesions additional to basal ganglia involvement in the initial neuroimaging.  The neurological severity and outcome of LS may vary widely and be better than those predicted based on previous studies. We suggest that age at onset and initial neuroimaging findings are prognostic indicators in LS.
Application of Remote Sensing and Gis in Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Under Changing Climatic Conditions

Agricultural production systems are highly vulnerable to variations in climate, soil and topography of different regions. For sustainable agricultural management, all these factors need to be analysed on spatio temporal basis. The advanced techniques like remote sensing, global positioning system and geographical information system can be of great use for their assessment and management. Remote sensing and GIS are very important tools having wide range of applications to tackle these issues. These technologies have manifold applications in agriculture including crop discrimination, crop growth monitoring/stress detection, crop inventory, soil moisture estimation, computation of crop evapo transpiration, site specific management/precision agriculture, crop acreage estimation and yield prediction. Timely and reliable information on crop acreage, growth condition and yield estimation can be highly beneficial to the producers, managers and policy planners for taking tactical decisions regarding food security, import/export and economic impact. Such information on regional basis can be made available with the use of remote sensing and GIS techniques. Remote sensing and GIS can also be used very effectively in land use/land cover analysis as well as damage assessment because of drought, floods and other extreme weather events An attempt has been made in the present study to review, analyse and evaluate the latest information regarding the application of remote sensing techniques for crop monitoring, crop condition assessment and yield estimation for sustainability of agriculture and natural resources under changing climatic scenarios.
Influences de la congelation et du sechage de l' attieke sur ses caracteristiques physico chimiques et organoleptiques

L' attieke produit de transformation du manioc le plus consomme en Cote d'Ivoire, a une courte duree de conservation. Les effets de la congelation et du sechage ont ete evalues sur 20 lots de 6 kg d'echantillons d' attieke dont 10 lots d' attieke frais, 5 lots d' attieke frais congele et 5 lots d' attieke frais seche. Un echantillon d' attieke a ete conserve au congelateur pendant 7 jours a 20 degC, tandis qu'un autre echantillon a ete seche. Au huitieme jour, les deux echantillons conserves ont ete reconstitues. Leurs caracteristiques physico chimiques et organoleptiques ont ensuite ete determinees et comparees a celles de l' attieke frais. Les resultats des travaux ont montre que les deux methodes de conservation utilisees ont entraine une baisse des taux d'acide cyanhydrique, de cendres, de matiere seche, d'acidite totale et de pH par rapport a ceux de l' attieke frais. L' attieke congele reconstitue a presente de legeres variations de pH, de cendres et de matiere seche par rapport a l' attieke frais et fut mieux apprecie par 32% des degustateurs contre 10% pour l' attieke seche reconstitue. Ces resultats montrent que la congelation est la methode de conservation qui preserve mieux les caracteristiques physico chimiques et organoleptiques de l' attieke (c) 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.  Congelation, sechage, physico chimique, organoleptique English Title: Influences of freezing and drying of attieke on its physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics English Abstract Attieke the most consumed product from cassava transformation has a short preservation time. Freezing and drying effects were assessed on 20 batches of 6 kg of attieke samples with 10 batches of fresh attieke 5 batches of frozen attieke and 5 batches of dried attieke An attieke sample has been stored in freezer within 7 days at 20 degC, when another one was dried. On the eighth day, the two preserved samples were reconstituted before tasting. Physicochemical and organoleptic parameters were determined and compared to those of fresh attieke Results show that the two preservation methods used caused the decrease of rate of cyanhydric acid, ashes, dry matter, total acidity and pH, compared to those of fresh attieke Frozen attieke reconstituted presents light decrease of pH, ashes and dry matter compared to fresh attieke and was more appreciated by tasters. 32% versus 10% for dried attieke reconstituted. Results show that freezing is the best preservation method of physicochemical and organoleptic parameters of attieke (c) 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.  Freezing, drying, physicochemical,
Hybrid Light Matter States in a Molecular and Material Science Perspective.
Venue: Accounts of chemical research

The notion that light and matter states can be hybridized the way s and p orbitals are mixed is a concept that is not familiar to most chemists and material scientists. Yet it has much potential for molecular and material sciences that is just beginning to be explored. For instance, it has already been demonstrated that the rate and yield of chemical reactions can be modified and that the conductivity of organic semiconductors and nonradiative energy transfer can be enhanced through the hybridization of electronic transitions. The hybridization is not limited to electronic transitions; it can be applied for instance to vibrational transitions to selectively perturb a given bond, opening new possibilities to change the chemical reactivity landscape and to use it as a tool in (bio)molecular science and spectroscopy. Such results are not only the consequence of the new eigenstates and energies generated by the hybridization. The hybrid light matter states also have unusual properties: they can be delocalized over a very large number of molecules (up to ca. 105) and they become dispersive or momentum sensitive. Importantly, the hybridization occurs even in the absence of light because it is the zero point energies of the molecular and optical transitions that generate the new light matter states. The present work is not a review but rather an Account from the author's point of view that first introduces the reader to the underlying concepts and details of the features of hybrid light matter states. It is shown that light matter hybridization is quite easy to achieve: all that is needed is to place molecules or a material in a resonant optical cavity (e.g. between two parallel mirrors) under the right conditions. For vibrational strong coupling, microfluidic IR cells can be used to study the consequences for chemistry in the liquid phase. Examples of modified properties are given to demonstrate the full potential for the molecular and material sciences. Finally an outlook of future directions for this emerging subject is given.
Titanium In Medicine Material Science Surface Science Engineering Biological Responses And Medical Applications

Thank you for reading titanium in medicine material science surface science engineering biological responses and medical applications. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this titanium in medicine material science surface science engineering biological responses and medical applications, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
In situ hard X ray transmission microscopy for material science
Venue: Journal of Materials Science

Hard X ray transmission microscopy based on refractive X ray optics can be employed as a tool in material science to investigate buried in microstructures in two or three dimensions with spatial resolution approaching 100 nm. Switching from monochromatic to radiation with a broader bandwidth, frame rates down to a few milliseconds can be realized, opening new possibilities for in situ studies of microstructure evolution and response to external fields at spatiotemporal resolutions that go well beyond previous benchmarks, demonstrated by ~200 nm resolution tomograms of eutectic microstructures acquired in less than 2 s. The microscope can also be operated in Zernike phase contrast mode, which expands the range of possible applications to cases which otherwise would produce only very faint contrast. A few possible application areas for the microscope are illustrated by a selection of material science test cases.
Physical mechanism of mind changes and tradeoffs among speed, accuracy, and energy cost in brain decision making: Landscape, flux, and path perspectives*

Cognitive behaviors are determined by underlying neural networks. Many brain functions, such as learning and memory, have been successfully described by attractor dynamics. For decision making in the brain, a quantitative description of global attractor landscapes has not yet been completely given. Here, we developed a theoretical framework to quantify the landscape associated with the steady state probability distributions and associated steady state curl flux, measuring the degree of non equilibrium through the degree of detailed balance breaking for decision making. We quantified the decision making processes with optimal paths from the undecided attractor states to the decided attractor states, which are identified as basins of attractions, on the landscape. Both landscape and flux determine the kinetic paths and speed. The kinetics and global stability of decision making are explored by quantifying the landscape topography through the barrier heights and the mean first passage time. Our theoretical predictions are in agreement with experimental observations: more errors occur under time pressure. We quantitatively explored two mechanisms of the speed accuracy tradeoff with speed emphasis and further uncovered the tradeoffs among speed, accuracy, and energy cost. Our results imply that there is an optimal balance among speed, accuracy, and the energy cost in decision making. We uncovered the possible mechanisms of changes of mind and how mind changes improve performance in decision processes. Our landscape approach can help facilitate an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms of cognitive processes and identify the key factors in the corresponding neural networks.