nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Upper body muscle activation during low versus high load resistance exercise in the bench press

The purpose of this study was to compare activation of the upper body musculature during the barbell bench press at varying training intensities.  Twelve young, resistance trained men performed sets of the bench press to momentary muscular failure with two different loads: a high load (HIGH) set at 80% of 1RM and a low load (LOW) set at 50% 1RM. Exercise order was counterbalanced so that half the subjects performed the LOW condition first and the other half performed the HIGH first. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess mean, peak, and iEMG muscle activation of the anterior deltoid, triceps brachii, and sternal and clavicular heads of the pectoralis major.  The main effects for trials were significant for mean EMG p< 0.001) and iEMG matched p< 0.001) favoring HIGH and iEMG total favoring LOW (p 0.001) across all muscle groups in both conditions with varying effect sizes. All other main effects and interactions were not statistically significant.  Despite similaritiesin peak EMG amplitude, the greater results for mean and iEMG matched in HIGH suggests that heavier loads may produce greater muscle activation.
Effects of Pre Exhaustion of a Secondary Synergist on a Primary Mover in a Compound Exercise

Subjects have performed the bench press with and without PRE of PM with a dumbbell chest flying exercise (2 dumbbells are simultaneously moved vertically from a position of shoulders horizontally abducted at 90deg to nearly 0deg)[12] Electromyographic (EMG) data were recorded for the pectoralis major (PM) anterior deltoid (DA) and triceps brachii (TB) No significant changes in the tonic control of PM and DA were noted between the two treatment groups, however, TB did have a significantly (p .05) higher motor unit activation when the chest was pre exhausted with a dumbbell chest flying exercise.
Dehydration and Stabilization of a Reactive Tertiary Hydroxyl Group in Solid Oral Dosage Forms of BMS 779788.
Venue: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences

BMS 779788 contains a reactive tertiary hydroxyl attached to a weakly basic imidazole ring. Propensity of the carbinol toward dehydration to yield the corresponding alkene, BMS 779788 ALK, was evaluated. Elevated levels of BMS 779788 ALK were observed in excipient compatibility samples. Stability studies revealed that BMS 779788 degrades to BMS 779788 ALK in capsules and tablets prepared by both dry and wet granulation processes. An acid catalyzed dehydration mechanism, in which the heterocyclic core contributes resonance stability to the cationic intermediate via charge transfer to the imidazole ring, was proposed. Therefore, neutralization via a buffered (pH 7.0) granulating solution was used to mitigate dehydration. Solution studies revealed degradation of BMS 779788 to BMS 779788 ALK over the pH range of 1 7.5. Reversibility was confirmed by initiating reactions with BMS 779788 ALK over the same pH range. Accordingly, a simple reversible scheme can be used to describe reactions initiated with either BMS 779788 or BMS 779788 ALK. To eliminate potential for charge delocalization across the heterocycle and probe the degradation mechanism, the imidazole ring of BMS 779788 was methylated (BMS 779788 Me) The propensity for acid catalyzed dehydration was then evaluated. The acid stability of BMS 779788 Me confirmed that the heterocyclic core contributes to reactivity liability of the tertiary hydroxyl.
Acute Adverse Reactions to Nonionic Iodinated Contrast Media for CT: Prospective Randomized Evaluation of the Effects of Dehydration, Oral Rehydration, and Patient Risk Factors.
Venue: AJR. American journal of roentgenology

The objective of our study was to determine the effects of dehydration and oral rehydration on the incidence of acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media administered during abdominal and pelvic CT in outpatients.  For our prospective randomized study performed at a single institution, adult outpatients undergoing contrast enhanced abdominal CT were randomly divided into a rehydration group (n 2244 patients [1379 men and 865 women] mean age, 65.2 years; age range, 18 90 years) and a control group (n 3715 [2112 male patients and 1603 female patients] mean age, 65.8 years; age range, 17 96 years) which included an age and sex matched subgroup (adjusted control group, n 2244) The rehydration group received an oral rehydration solution (500 mL of liquid in which osmotic pressure is adjusted to enhance gastrointestinal absorption) before abdominal and pelvic CT. Patients were also divided into subclinically dehydrated (n 997) and hydrated (n 4962) groups according to their answers to a questionnaire that they completed before the CT examination. The patients were interviewed about contrast induced adverse reactions before they left the CT room, and the reactions were categorized as allergiclike or physiologic. The incidence of reactions was compared between the rehydration and control groups and between the subclinical dehydration and hydrated groups. The rehydration and control groups were compared with an unpaired t test or a chi square or Fisher test.  The overall incidence of an acute adverse reaction was 4.3% (254/5959) the acute adverse reactions included 136 allergiclike and 118 physiologic reactions. Fourteen allergiclike and nine physiologic reactions were moderate grade, and none was severe. There was no significant difference between the rehydration group and adjusted control group in the overall incidence of adverse reactions (99/2244 [4.4% vs 100/2244 [4.5% respectively; p 0.9422) or between the subclinically dehydrated group and hydrated group in the incidence of allergiclike reactions (25/997 [2.5% vs 111/4962 [2.2% p 0.6062) and physiologic reactions (22/997 [2.2% vs 96/4962 [1.9% p 0.5793) Younger age was a risk factor for both allergiclike and physiologic reactions (p 0.0019) CONCLUSION Dehydration and oral rehydration did not affect the incidence of acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast material for abdominal and pelvic CT in our randomized prospective trial.
Nitrogen rich 5 (4 pyridyl)tetrazole 2 acetic acid and its alkaline earth metal coordination polymers for potential energetic materials

Tetrazole and its derivatives with rich nitrogen atoms may be potential candidates for energetic materials. Alkaline earth metal coordination compounds based on such ligands are relatively less investigated. Hpytza was prepared from 4 cyanopyridine and sodium azide, ethyl bromoacetate, where Hpytza 5 (4 pyridyl)tetrazole 2 acetic acid. Hpytza and four alkaline earth metal coordination polymers [Mg(pytza)2]n (1) [Ca(pytza)2(H2O)2]n*3nH2O (2) [Sr(pytza)2(H2O)2]n (3) and [Ba(pytza)2(H2O)2]n*nH2O (4) were prepared under solvothermal conditions. The thermal behavior of these compounds were characterized by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric differential thermogravimetric (TG DTG) analyses. Furthermore, the critical temperature of thermal explosion and relevant thermal parameters DS, DH, DG of Hpytza and polymers 1 4 were calculated, as well, indicating that these compounds are potential energetic materials.
Detection of Genital HPV Infection Using Urine Samples: a Population Based Study in India.
Venue: Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention APJCP

Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among Indian women and its association with human papilloma virus (HPV) is well established. This preventable cancer accounts for the maximum number of cancer related deaths among rural Indian women. Unlike in developed countries there are no organized cervical cancer screening programmes in India due to lack of resources and manpower.  To detect genital HPV infection using urine samples among asymptomatic rural women in the age group of 18 65 years.  The study area chosen was Perdoor village in Udupi Taluk, Karnataka State and all the women in the age group of 18 65 years formed the study cohort. A cross sectional study was conducted by house visits and 1,305 women were enrolled in the study. After taking written informed consent a data sheet was filled and early stream random urine samples were collected, transported to a laboratory at 4OC and aliquoted. Samples were tested using nested HPV PCR with PGMY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers. Positive cases were genotyped by sequence analysis.  Study participants included 1,134 sexually active and 171 unmarried women with a mean age at marriage of 22.1 (SD=3.9) years. Study area showed high female literacy rate of 86.6% Five urine samples tested positive for HPV DNA (0.4%  We found very low genital HPV infection rate among women from monogamous community. This is the first major population based study carried out among asymptomatic rural women to detect genital HPV infectio from Karnataka using urine samples.
Faktor Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Pengisian Rekam Medis Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Factors Affecting Incomplete Inpatient Medical Record Completion at Muhammadiyah University Hospital Malang

One of the efforts to improve the quality of health care facilities is to improve the service quality of medical records including completeness, speed, and accuracy in providing information to health care needs. Complete and accurate medical records can be used as a healthcare reference, legal basis (medico legal) supporting information to improve medical information quality, medical research, and as the basis of assessing hospital performance. The objective of the study was to determine the factors that affect the incompleteness of inpatient medical record at Muhammadiyah University Hospital (UMM Hospital) Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data, while data collection was done through interview, observation, and document study. The study has been conducted among 40 unassembled inpatient medical record documents, while interview was done to the relevant officers to determine the factors that cause the incompleteness of medical record documents. The observation was carried out to complete the interview section, whereas, the document study showed that the number of incomplete medical record was 100% that mostly performed by doctors. Both interview and observation found that there were absence of policies, guidelines and SOP on completing medical records, low awareness of physicians to fill medical records, the absence of medical record incompleteness data, monitoring and evaluation system of ineffective medical records, and unstandardized pathway of inpatient medical record file. As a solution to improve the completeness of the medical record, creating policies, guidelines, and SOP about completing the medical record are needed.
A new approach of optimum energy scheduling of emergency generators using linear programing in a large hospital
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA)

The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach of optimum energy scheduling using linear programing for an emergency isolated power generator installed in a large hospital. In our previous work, we have developed a simulator to analyze the power grid conditions when a power failure occurred in medical facilities. Analyzing the power supply and demand balance in medical facilities with our developed simulator can estimate the suitable capacity of a power generator and a battery which are necessary in emergency. In addition to that, it is necessary for facilities to minimize a fuel consumption of the emergency power generator in disaster. In this work, we propose, therefore, analysis method of optimum energy scheduling of the emergency isolated power generator. For the sake of validation of our proposed approach, the optimum energy scheduling of power generators is estimated to balance the power supply and demand in the actual large hospital load. This paper presents optimum energy scheduling in the emergency isolated power generator due to minimization of fuel consumption. As a result, fuel consumption is improved 5% in summer, and winter is calculated 7%
Assessing Higher Order Cognitive Constructs by Using an Information Processing Framework

Designing a theory based assessment with sound psychometric qualities to measure a higher order cognitive construct is a highly desired yet challenging task for many practitioners. This paper proposes a framework for designing a theorybased assessment to measure a higher order cognitive construct. This framework results in a modularized yet unified assessment development system which includes elements spanning from construct conceptualization to model validation. The paper illustrates how to implement this framework by using the construct of nursing clinical judgement. Using this framework, many difficult design decisions can be made with strong theoretical rationales. The framework is also flexible to accommodate modifications and extensions that will be required to be made to the assessment as new knowledge related to the construct is generated over time. The goal of this framework is to provide practitioners with a practical and accessible methodology to assess sophisticated constructs on the ground of cognitive theories of the construct, especially by using technology enhanced items.
Nanoparticles in feed: Progress and prospects in poultry research

The global poultry industry has greatly expanded due to an increase in demand for chicken meat and eggs. Growth of the industry was followed by growth in research which resulted in improved growth rate, feed efficiency, health status, and reduced carriage of pathogens. However, major research focus was improvement in productivity. It is possible to manipulate feed formulations to improve the feed conversion ratio (FCR) which results in a lower feed requirement to achieve market weight. Feed additives, containing vitamins and minerals, are commonly added to typical diets to support rapid growth and favourable FCR. Nanoparticles can be added to feed and provide an excellent platform to incorporate in various compounds, such as vaccines and nutrient supplements, due to large surface area to volume ratio and high absorption in the body. Nanoparticles can enable direct transportation of compounds to targeted organs or systems while avoiding fast degradability often seen with antibiotics and can encourage multiple health benefits. Silver, currently the most common nanoparticle investigated for use in chicken feed, has been shown to improve the microbiota of chickens. However, the positive results are tempered by the finding that silver nanoparticles have relatively high toxicity in birds. The question therefore arises as to whether other nanoparticle forms of essential metals and natural compounds can be safely delivered to provide positive impacts on health and productivity without the toxic side effects that can be seen with silver nanoparticles. Here, we review the current state of nanoparticle use as a poultry feed supplement the successes and pitfalls of nano feed as reported by researchers across the world.
The effect of copper nanoparticles supplementation on freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae.
Venue: Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements

The present study was performed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on growth, biochemical constituents, digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant, metabolic enzyme levels, and non specific immune response of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL) The Cu NPs (200 nm) were synthesized by facile and environmental friendly hydrothermal method. Cu NPs were supplemented at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg kg( 1) with the basal diets. These Cu NPs supplemented diets were fed to M. rosenbergii PL for 90 days. Results showed significant (P<0.05) improvements were observed in survival, growth, digestive enzyme activities, concentrations of biochemical constituents and total and differential haemocytes count of prawns fed with 20 mg Cu NPs kg( 1) supplemented feed. Prawns fed with 40 80 mg Cu NPs kg( 1) supplemented feed showed negative performance. Activity of antioxidants and metabolic enzymes in the muscle and hepatopancreas of prawns showed no significant alterations (P>0.05) prawns fed with up to 20 mg Cu NPs kg( 1) supplemented feeds. Whereas, prawns fed with 40 80 mg Cu NPs kg( 1) supplemented feed showed significant (P<0.05) elevations in antioxidant and metabolic enzymes activities. Hence, 40 80 mg Cu NPs kg( 1) diets may have toxic effect to M. rosenbergii. Hence, present study suggests that 20 mg Cu NPs kg( 1) can be supplemented for regulating better survival, growth and immune response of M. rosenbergii PL.
Massively Multiplayer Online Games as Information System: Implications for Organizational Learning

In this chapter, we discuss the implications of the information systems structures of massively multiplayer online role playing games to organizational learning that takes place within them or connected to them. The games consist of three interdependent information systems: an information retrieval system accessed by using game content as its keywords, a social system formed by the players, and an expanded system that extends outside of play proper, in the form of experience records like game blogs and videos. By developing their procedural literacies, players learn to analyze the systems and to compare their content and logics to the real world. In game groups in turn use strategic practices to spread such learning organization wide, in order to foster efficiency and better content access. By cleverly using briefing, debriefing, and strategizing procedures, real world organizations too can then learn from these processes, as they free their members from individual learning traps and extend the lessons gained from voluntary gaming into absorptive and adaptive real world practices.
The Effects of Freewriting Exercises on Adult Korean Students' English Learning

Elbow's freewriting (1989, 1998, 2011) is an exercise where a participant writes for a set period of time without stopping or editing. Data obtained from 102 Korean university EFL students were analyzed to explore the use of freewriting to enhance adult learners' overall English proficiency. Participants were divided into freewriting and non freewriting groups. Results show that the students in the freewriting group made significantly greater improvement than their counterparts in English speaking, writing, listening, and reading. Further evidence is found that qualitative improvement in the students' freewriting implied a parallel increase in their overall English proficiency. This study suggests that freewriting could provide a safe outlet for Korean EFL learners to practice English, and enhance their capacity to think in the target language. The study supports the use of freewriting exercises as a contextsensitive pedagogical strategy to promote adult EFL learners' linguistic development of English.
Fishes as indicators of untreated sewage contamination in a Mexican coastal lagoon.
Venue: Marine pollution bulletin

Lagoons are important nursery habitats for fishes but are often sites of intense human activity including wastewater discharges. The goal of this research was to compare stable nitrogen (d15N) and carbon (d13C) isotopes, total mercury (THg) and other metal levels in four selected fish species among sites with different levels of untreated sewage discharge inside Barra de Navidad coastal lagoon in the Mexican Pacific. Three species from sites heavily impacted by sewage showed higher d15N and d13C compared to those from non impacted sites. In addition, the highest concentrations of THg were present in fish of two species (Sciades guatemalensis and Diapterus brevirostris) collected at the two most impacted sites, and exceeded the 0.2mg/g ww threshold believed to be protective of adult and juvenile fish. No individuals of Achirus mazatlanus and Mugil curema exceeded this threshold, and liver somatic index and condition did not distinguish high from low impacted sites for all species. In general, the metal levels differed among species but not sites, and were lower than what has been measured in fishes elsewhere. The study also provides the first information on several fish species for coastal areas of Mexico, suggests that THg and isotopes can distinguish sewage impacted sites, and can serve as a baseline for future studies.
The novel compound Sul 121 inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in experimental models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Venue: Scientific reports

COPD is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, neutrophilia and oxidative stress from endogenous and exogenous insults. Current COPD therapy involving anticholinergics, b2 adrenoceptor agonists and/or corticosteroids, do not specifically target oxidative stress, nor do they reduce chronic pulmonary inflammation and disease progression in all patients. Here, we explore the effects of Sul 121, a novel compound with anti oxidative capacity, on hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in experimental models of COPD. Using a guinea pig model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neutrophilia, we demonstrated that Sul 121 inhalation dose dependently prevented LPS induced airway neutrophilia (up to ~60% and AHR (up to ~90% Non cartilaginous airways neutrophilia was inversely correlated with blood H2S, and LPS induced attenuation of blood H2S ~60% was prevented by Sul 121. Concomitantly, Sul 121 prevented LPS induced production of the oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde by ~80% In immortalized human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, Sul 121 dose dependently prevented cigarette smoke extract induced IL 8 release parallel with inhibition of nuclear translocation of the NF kB subunit, p65 (each ~90% Sul 121 also diminished cellular reactive oxygen species production in ASM cells, and inhibited nuclear translocation of the anti oxidative response regulator, Nrf2. Our data show that Sul 121 effectively inhibits airway inflammation and AHR in experimental COPD models, prospectively through inhibition of oxidative stress.
The Pass Through of Beer Taxes to Prices: Evidence from State and Federal Tax Changes

From a policy perspective, it is crucial to understand how changes in beer taxes affect retail beer prices. This study provides new evidence of the pass through rate of state beer taxes to prices in a post merger era. Our estimates that use state level beer tax changes suggest that a 10 cent increase in beer taxes raises retail prices by about 17 cents. Comparable findings from the 1991 federal beer tax increase show a rise in retail beer prices of 19 22 cents. Our findings suggest that consumers fully bear the burden of increased beer taxes.
How does a Change in the Excise Tax on Beer Impact Beer Retail Prices in South Africa

This paper uses price data, collected by Statistics South Africa, to estimate the effect of a change in the excise tax on the retail price of beer. We find strong evidence that the excise tax on beer is overshifted to consumers. The pass through coefficient is estimated at 4.83 (95% CI: 4.02; 5.64) for lager, and at 4.77 (95% CI: 4.04; 5.50) for all beer (which includes dark beer) This implies that for every R1/unit increase in the excise tax, the retail price increases by about R4.80/unit. Of the 23 brand packaging combinations considered, the pass through coefficients vary between 2.39 and 10.05 (median 5.30) The majority of the price change in response to a tax change occurs immediately, and prices have fully adjusted two months after the excise tax increase becomes effective. Pass through differs substantially across packaging types. The pass through coefficient on 750ml bottles is substantially lower than that of 330 ml (or 340 ml) cans and 6 x 330 ml (or 6 x 340 ml) "six packs" The overshifting of the excise tax has positive implications for public health policy, since they increase the effectiveness of alcohol taxes as a tool to reduce the (excessive) consumption of beer.