nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Synergism and Combinatorial Coding for Binary Odor Mixture Perception in Drosophila
Venue: eNeuro

Most odors in the natural environment are mixtures of several compounds. Olfactory receptors housed in the olfactory sensory neurons detect these odors and transmit the information to the brain, leading to decision making. But whether the olfactory system detects the ingredients of a mixture separately or treats mixtures as different entities is not well understood. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, we have demonstrated that fruit flies perceive binary odor mixtures in a manner that is heavily dependent on both the proportion and the degree of dilution of the components, suggesting a combinatorial coding at the peripheral level. This coding strategy appears to be receptor specific and is independent of interneuronal interactions.
Rise in invasive serogroup W meningococcal disease in Australia 2013 2015.
Venue: Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report

Since 2013, there has been an increase in the number of notified cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) due to serogroup W (MenW) in Australia. In response to this observed increase, the Communicable Diseases Network Australia convened a working group in 2015 to collate and analyse the epidemiology of MenW disease nationally. Enhanced surveillance data collected by jurisdictions were collated and analysed, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) of MenW isolates assessed the genomic relatedness of strains between 2012 and 2015. This report describes that epidemiology. Since 2013, the incidence and proportion of MenW has increased in Australia, rising from an average of 2% of all IMD cases annually (range 0% to 5% between 1991 and 2012; to 8% (12/149) of cases in 2013, 10% (17/169) in 2014, and 19% (34/182) in 2015. Victoria has been the main affected state, with 50% (17/34) of national cases in 2015. MenW has affected older populations, with a median age between 2003 and 2015 being 44 years. During this period, case fatality was 10.7% (17/159) 2.3 times higher than for all IMD serogroups combined (4.7% 173/3720) There were 7 deaths due to MenW in 2015 (CFR 21% WGS has found the majority of Australian isolates cluster within a group of W:P1.5,2:F1 1:ST11 isolates from the United Kingdom and South America, regions where rapid spread and endemic transmission has occurred since 2009. The recent increase in incidence of MenW in Australia is evolving and is being closely monitored. Lessons learned from the international experience will be important in informing the public health response.
Stereodirectional Origin of anti Arrhenius Kinetics for a Tetraatomic Hydrogen Exchange Reaction: Born Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics for OH HBr.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry. A

Among four atom processes, the reaction OH HBr H2O Br is one of the most studied experimentally: its kinetics has manifested an unusual anti Arrhenius behavior, namely, a marked decrease of the rate constant as the temperature increases, which has intrigued theoreticians for a long time. Recently, salient features of the potential energy surface have been characterized and most kinetic aspects can be considered as satisfactorily reproduced by classical trajectory simulations. Motivation of the work reported in this paper is the investigation of the stereodirectional dynamics of this reaction as the prominent reason for the peculiar kinetics: we started in a previous Letter  a first principles Born Oppenheimer "canonical" molecular dynamics approach. Trajectories are step by step generated on a potential energy surface quantum mechanically calculated on the fly and are thermostatically equilibrated to correspond to a specific temperature. Here, refinements of the method permitted a major increase of the number of trajectories and the consideration of four temperatures 50, +200, +350, and +500 K, for which the sampling of initial conditions allowed us to characterize the stereodynamical effect. The role is documented of the adjustment of the reactants' mutual orientation to encounter the entrance into the "cone of acceptance" for reactivity. The aperture angle of this cone is dictated by a range of directions of approach compatible with the formation of the specific HOH angle of the product water molecule; and consistently the adjustment is progressively less effective the higher the kinetic energy. Qualitatively, this emerging picture corroborates experiments on this reaction, involving collisions of aligned and oriented molecular beams, and covering a range of energies higher than the thermal ones. The extraction of thermal rate constants from this molecular dynamics approach is discussed and the systematic sampling of the canonical ensemble is indicated as needed for quantitative comparison with the kinetic experiments.
The effect of trade openness on child labor: Empirical evidence from developing economies

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of international trade on the child labor by using new trade theory among the developing countries based on trade induced child labor effects. The relationship between the child labor and the selection and scale effect for the developing countries which are engaged in the trade of both differentiated and homogeneous goods is further examined. The ratio of gross domestic product (GDP) and industrial value added represents the scale effect while the selection effect refers to the exit of least efficient firms due to trade liberalization. The results of generalized least squares (GLS) technique show child labor decreases with an increase in the value added. In addition, the findings also indicate the overall effect of trade along with trade child labor induced effects is favorable in the reduction of child labor. The results imply trade liberalization is a gain to the developing economies in the form of child labor reduction.
Real Time 3D Reconstruction and 6 DoF Tracking with an Event Camera
Venue: ECCV

We propose a method which can perform real time 3D reconstruction from a single hand held event camera with no additional sensing, and works in unstructured scenes of which it has no prior knowledge. It is based on three decoupled probabilistic filters, each estimating 6 DoF camera motion, scene logarithmic (log) intensity gradient and scene inverse depth relative to a keyframe, and we build a real time graph of these to track and model over an extended local workspace. We also upgrade the gradient estimate for each keyframe into an intensity image, allowing us to recover a real time video like intensity sequence with spatial and temporal super resolution from the low bit rate input event stream. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first algorithm provably able to track a general 6D motion along with reconstruction of arbitrary structure including its intensity and the reconstruction of grayscale video that exclusively relies on event camera data.
KERJASAMA PEMERINTAH JAWA BARAT PEMERINTAH PROVINSI CHIANG RAI DI BIDANG PARIWISATA DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP WISATAWAN KE JAWA BARAT

ABSTRAK Adanya kebutuhan untuk melakukan kerjasama dengan pihak luar negeri dalam rangka penciptaan jejaring dan pemenuhan kebutuhan serta sebagai salah satu cara dalam mengakselerasi pembangunan daerah dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat luas, maka dianggap perlu untuk dilakukan kerjasama dengan pihak luar negeri. Hanya saja dalam pemilihan mitra kerjasama harus dilakukan secara hati hati dikarenakan kerjasama luar negeri bukan hal yang diturunkan untuk menjadi suatu kewenangan daerah akan tetapi daerah diberi celah untuk bisa memanfaatkan kerjasama luar negeri sebagai bentuk total diplomacy. Berdasarkan Pasal 195 Undang Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 bahwa dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat, daerah dapat mengadakan kerjasama dengan daerah lain, pihak ketiga yang didasarkan pada pertimbangan efisiensi, efektivitas pelayanan publik, sinergitas dan saling menguntungkan. Pada kenyataannya daerah memiliki keterbatasan keterbatasan yang dapat menghambat upaya penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pembangunan. Daerah dituntut untuk lebih proaktif dalam mencari sumber serta memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki melalui kerjasama dan kemitraan dengan berbagai pihak yang kompeten. UU No. 37/1999 tentang Hubungan Luar Negeri pada pasal 1 (1) Hubungan Luar Negeri adalah setiap kegiatan yang menyangkut aspek regional dan internasional yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah di tingkat pusat dan daerah atau lembaga lembaganya, lembaga negara, badan usaha, organisasi politik, organisasi masyarakat, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, atau warga negara. Sedangkan tujuannya adalah terciptanya kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan bagi kedua belah pihak juga terbukanya jejaring bagi para pelaku usaha di kedua daerah. Sehingga ASEAN Connection dan people to people contact di antara negara negara ASEAN terwujud. Sehingga pada akhirnya tercipta kemakmuran bagi masyarakat kedua daerah. Kerjasama luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah harus terus didukung sebagai bagian dari diplomasi total yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah RI; Penjajakan kerjasama luar negeri pada satu titik memang sepertinya tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap daerah dimaksud. Ada beberapa faktor yang bisa menyebabkan hal itu terjadi, diantaranya Perlu adanya komitmen dan Political Will yang kuat dari Pimpinan untuk merealisasikan kerjasama yang telah dijalin dan juga komitmen dari OPD serta Pemerintah Kota/Kabupaten melalui pengalokasian anggaran kegiatan. Kerjasama luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah harus terus didukung sebagai bagian dari diplomasi total yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah RI. Demikian laporan hasil kunjungan Delegasi Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat ke Provinsi Chiang Rai, semoga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam menentukan langkah selanjutnya dalam rangka pelaksanaan kerjasama bagi kedua daerah.
Measuring some physical properties of sunflower (helianthus annus l. head and modeling dimensions

For 100 sunflower head, maximum and minimum diameters, thickness, height of the ground, and mass of all seeds on sunflower head (SH) for five conventional varieties were measured. To examine the correlation between maximum SH diameter and minimum SH diameter, SH thickness, SH height from the ground and SH seeds mass, linear regression method was used. Also SH diameter and SH thickness of four sunflower hybrids varieties were measured. Log normal, Weibull and Generalized extreme value (G.E.V) distribution were used in order to model SH diameter and SH thickness distributions of all varieties and hybrids; also, Kolmogorov Smirnov methods were used for comparison of all probability density. Results indicated that value of average of dimensions, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, head height from the ground, and mass of the seeds on each head of Dorsefid and Sirena varieties were more and less than the other varieties, respectively. For all varieties, there was linear correlation between maximum SH diameter and minimum SH diameters, SH thickness and mass of seeds; while there wasn't any correlation between SH height and maximum SH diameter. Results showed that whenever skewness and kurtosis had positive values, Log normal and G.E.V distribution had good performance and whenever skewness and kurtosis had negative values, Weibull and G.E.V distribution had good performance based on Kolomogrov Smirnov methods.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLE OILS

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of temperature (20 80degC) on the physical properties of vegetable oils and to establish some correlations between them. In this study were studied eight types of vegetable oils as: olive oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, grape seeds oil, squash oil, hazelnut oil, peanut oil and sesame oil. The temperature influences negatively almost all the physical parameters measured (exception isentropic compressibility and Rao's molar sound function) A master curve of the correlation between the experimental data of oil samples density, surface tension and ultrasound velocity was achieved (R 2 0.996) The correlation between surface tension and viscosity was made using Pelofsky, modified Pelofsky, exponential and polynomial models, the second one fits better the experimental data.
The terrestrial biosphere as a net source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere
Venue: Nature

The terrestrial biosphere can release or absorb the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and therefore has an important role in regulating atmospheric composition and climate. Anthropogenic activities such as land use change, agriculture and waste management have altered terrestrial biogenic greenhouse gas fluxes, and the resulting increases in methane and nitrous oxide emissions in particular can contribute to climate change. The terrestrial biogenic fluxes of individual greenhouse gases have been studied extensively, but the net biogenic greenhouse gas balance resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system remains uncertain. Here we use bottom up (inventory, statistical extrapolation of local flux measurements, and process based modelling) and top down (atmospheric inversions) approaches to quantify the global net biogenic greenhouse gas balance between 1981 and 2010 resulting from anthropogenic activities and its effect on the climate system. We find that the cumulative warming capacity of concurrent biogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions is a factor of about two larger than the cooling effect resulting from the global land carbon dioxide uptake from 2001 to 2010. This results in a net positive cumulative impact of the three greenhouse gases on the planetary energy budget, with a best estimate (in petagrams of CO2 equivalent per year) of 3.9 3.8 (top down) and 5.4 4.8 (bottom up) based on the GWP100 metric (global warming potential on a 100 year time horizon) Our findings suggest that a reduction in agricultural methane and nitrous oxide emissions, particularly in Southern Asia, may help mitigate climate change.
Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis

Organic solid waste poses a serious threat to the environment as the world struggles to keep up with its rapid generation. Biological waste treatment technologies such as composting and vermicomposting are widely regarded as a clean and sustainable method to manage organic waste. The focus of this review is to evaluate the feasibility of composting and vermicomposting as a means to recover nutrients from the organic waste and returning them to the environment. The environmental impact and economic potential of these processes are also discussed. This review shows that composting and vermicomposting are capable of degrading various types of organic waste, thus enabling them to be adopted widely. The present review also reveals that greenhouse gases are emitted during composting and vermicomposting processes. However, introductions of intermittent aeration, bulking agents and earthworm abundance may reduce the greenhouse gases emissions. Economic assessments of composting and vermicomposting technologies show that these technologies are generally viable except in some cases. The differences are due to the wide range in market value for organic fertilizer and differences in cost for the type of composing or vermicomposting system which could affect its economic feasibility. However, if organic fertilizer value increases and carbon offsets are available for nutrient recycling, it will affect the economic feasibility in a positive way.
Greenhouse gases from wastewater treatment A review of modelling tools.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from wastewater treatment that contribute to its carbon footprint. As a result of the increasing awareness of GHG emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) new modelling, design, and operational tools have been developed to address and reduce GHG emissions at the plant wide scale and beyond. This paper reviews the state of the art and the recently developed tools used to understand and manage GHG emissions from WWTPs, and discusses open problems and research gaps. The literature review reveals that knowledge on the processes related to N2O formation, especially due to autotrophic biomass, is still incomplete. The literature review shows also that a plant wide modelling approach that includes GHG is the best option for the understanding how to reduce the carbon footprint of WWTPs. Indeed, several studies have confirmed that a wide vision of the WWPTs has to be considered in order to make them more sustainable as possible. Mechanistic dynamic models were demonstrated as the most comprehensive and reliable tools for GHG assessment. Very few plant wide GHG modelling studies have been applied to real WWTPs due to the huge difficulties related to data availability and the model complexity. For further improvement in GHG plant wide modelling and to favour its use at large real scale, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in GHG formation and release, and data acquisition must be enhanced.
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders
Venue: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry

This guideline provides recommendations for the clinical management of schizophrenia and related disorders for health professionals working in Australia and New Zealand. It aims to encourage all clinicians to adopt best practice principles. The recommendations represent the consensus of a group of Australian and New Zealand experts in the management of schizophrenia and related disorders. This guideline includes the management of ultra high risk syndromes, first episode psychoses and prolonged psychoses, including psychoses associated with substance use. It takes a holistic approach, addressing all aspects of the care of people with schizophrenia and related disorders, not only correct diagnosis and symptom relief but also optimal recovery of social function.  The writing group planned the scope and individual members drafted sections according to their area of interest and expertise, with reference to existing systematic reviews and informal literature reviews undertaken for this guideline. In addition, experts in specific areas contributed to the relevant sections. All members of the writing group reviewed the entire document. The writing group also considered relevant international clinical practice guidelines. Evidence based recommendations were formulated when the writing group judged that there was sufficient evidence on a topic. Where evidence was weak or lacking, consensus based recommendations were formulated. Consensus based recommendations are based on the consensus of a group of experts in the field and are informed by their agreement as a group, according to their collective clinical and research knowledge and experience. Key considerations were selected and reviewed by the writing group. To encourage wide community participation, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists invited review by its committees and members, an expert advisory committee and key stakeholders including professional bodies and special interest groups.  The clinical practice guideline for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders reflects an increasing emphasis on early intervention, physical health, psychosocial treatments, cultural considerations and improving vocational outcomes. The guideline uses a clinical staging model as a framework for recommendations regarding assessment, treatment and ongoing care. This guideline also refers its readers to selected published guidelines or statements directly relevant to Australian and New Zealand practice.  This clinical practice guideline for the management of schizophrenia and related disorders aims to improve care for people with these disorders living in Australia and New Zealand. It advocates a respectful, collaborative approach; optimal evidence based treatment; and consideration of the specific needs of those in adverse circumstances or facing additional challenges.
Cooperation studies of catastrophe avoidance: implications for climate negotiations
Venue: Climatic Change

The landmark agreement recently negotiated in Paris represents an ambitious plan to combat climate change. Nevertheless, countries' current climate pledges are insufficient to achieve the agreement's goal of keeping global mean temperature rise "well below" 2 C. It is apparent that climate negotiators need to be equipped with additional strategies for fostering cooperation if a climate catastrophe is to be averted. We review the results arising from an emerging literature in which the problem of avoiding dangerous climate change has been simulated using cooperation experiments in which individuals play a game requiring collective action to avert a catastrophe. This literature has uncovered five key variables that influence the likelihood of avoiding disaster: (1) the perceived risk of collective failure, (2) inequalities in historical responsibility, wealth, and risk exposure, (3) uncertainty surrounding the threshold for catastrophe, (4) intergenerational discounting, and (5) the prospect of reward or punishment based on reputation. Along with the results of a recent experimental assessment of the key instruments of the Paris Agreement, we consider how knowledge of the effects of these variables might be harnessed by climate negotiators to improve the prospects of reaching a solution to global climate change.
Autoencoding beyond pixels using a learned similarity metric
Venue: ICML

We present an autoencoder that leverages learned representations to better measure similarities in data space. By combining a variational autoencoder with a generative adversarial network we can use learned feature representations in the GAN discriminator as basis for the VAE reconstruction objective. Thereby, we replace element wise errors with feature wise errors to better capture the data distribution while offering invariance towards e.g. translation. We apply our method to images of faces and show that it outperforms VAEs with element wise similarity measures in terms of visual fidelity. Moreover, we show that the method learns an embedding in which high level abstract visual features (e.g. wearing glasses) can be modified using simple arithmetic.
Experience of Modeling Skill of Memorizing Short Stories as a Part of the Development of Neuro Linguistic Programming Techniques

The urgency of the problem under investigation is due to the interest of researchers to study the intellectual structures, namely the simulation of human mental activity, in particular, to the peculiarities of storing various content information. The purpose of the article is the realization of models, technologies memorization of short stories "jokes" based on a play on words, meaning unexpected resolutions, modern associations, etc. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the modeling procedure developed as a part of neuro linguistic programming, which allows to identify and systematically describe the technology of storing short stories, and a method to the study of this problem was the experiment on memorization and reproduction of short stories based on simulated mental skills to identify the psychological characteristics this skill. The article presents the stages of development and testing of models, as well as the very model of storing short stories. Materials of the article may be useful for researchers who study memory processes, for teachers interested in learning more efficient memory technologies, as well as for a wide range of readers who want to learn the skill of memorization of short stories.