nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel QTL for Stripe Rust Resistance on Chromosomes 4A and 6B in Soft White Winter Wheat Cultivars

Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a devastating disease in temperate regions when susceptible varieties are grown and environmental conditions sustain high disease pressures. With frequent and severe outbreaks, disease resistance is a key tool for controlling stripe rust on wheat. The goal of this research was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in stripe rust resistance from the important US Pacific Northwest soft white winter wheat varieties "Eltan" and "Finch" An F2:5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population of 151 individuals derived from the Finch x Eltan cross was developed through single seed descent. A linkage map comprising 683 unique single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and 70 SSR markers were used to develop 22 linkage groups consisting of 16 of the 21 chromosomes. Stripe rust data were collected on the RILs during the summers of 2012 to 2014. QTL analysis identified two genomic regions on chromosomes 4A (QYrel.wak 4A) and 6B (QYrfi.wak 6B) associated with resistance from Eltan and Finch, respectively. The results of the QTL analysis showed that QYrel.wak 4A and QYrfi.wak 6B reduced infection type and disease severity. Based upon both molecular and phenotypic differences, QYrel.wak 4A is a novel QTL for adult plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust.
TaTypA, a Ribosome Binding GTPase Protein, Positively Regulates Wheat Resistance to the Stripe Rust Fungus
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

Tyrosine phosphorylation protein A (TypA/BipA) belongs to the ribosome binding GTPase superfamily. In many bacterial species, TypA acts as a global stress and virulence regulator and also mediates resistance to the antimicrobial peptide bactericidal permeability increasing protein. However, the function of TypA in plants under biotic stresses is not known. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized a stress responsive TypA gene (TaTypA) from wheat, with three copies located on chromosomes 6A, 6B, and 6D, respectively. Transient expression assays indicated chloroplast localization of TaTypA. The transcript levels of TaTypA were up regulated in response to treatment with methyl viologen, which induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts through photoreaction, cold stress, and infection by an avirulent strain of the stripe rust pathogen. Knock down of the expression of TaTypA through virus induced gene silencing decreased the resistance of wheat to stripe rust accompanied by weakened ROS accumulation and hypersensitive response, an increase in TaCAT and TaSOD expression, and an increase in pathogen hyphal growth and branching. Our findings suggest that TaTypA contributes to resistance in an ROS dependent manner.
Typologies of Post divorce Coparenting and Parental Well Being, Parenting Quality and Children's Psychological Adjustment
Venue: Child psychiatry and human development

The aim of this study was to identify post divorce coparenting profiles and examine whether these profiles differentiate between levels of parents' well being, parenting practices, and children's psychological problems. Cluster analysis was conducted with Portuguese heterosexual divorced parents (N 314) to yield distinct post divorce coparenting patterns. Clusters were based on parents' self reported coparenting relationship assessed along four dimensions: agreement, exposure to conflict, undermining/support, and division of labor. A three cluster solution was found and replicated. Parents in the high conflict coparenting group exhibited significantly lower life satisfaction, as well as significantly higher divorce related negative affect and inconsistent parenting than parents in undermining and cooperative coparenting clusters. The cooperative coparenting group reported higher levels of positive family functioning and lower externalizing and internalizing problems in their children. These results suggested that a positive coparenting alliance may be a protective factor for individual and family outcomes after parental divorce.
NoSQL database systems: a survey and decision guidance
Venue: Computer Science Research and Development

Today, data is generated and consumed at unprecedented scale. This has lead to novel approaches for scalable data management subsumed under the term "NoSQL" database systems to handle the ever increasing data volume and request loads. However, the heterogeneity and diversity of the numerous existing systems impede the well informed selection of a data store appropriate for a given application context. Therefore, this article gives a top down overview of the field: instead of contrasting the implementation specifics of individual representatives, we propose a comparative classification model that relates functional and non functional requirements to techniques and algorithms employed in NoSQL databases. This NoSQL Toolbox allows us to derive a simple decision tree to help practitioners and researchers filter potential system candidates based on central application requirements.
Impact of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Process Parameters on Thermal Modeling and Heat Generation of Aluminum Alloy Joints
Venue: Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters)

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state joining process, where joint properties largely depend on the amount of heat generation during the welding process. The objective of this paper was to develop a numerical thermomechanical model for FSW of aluminum copper alloy AA2219 and analyze heat generation during the welding process. The thermomechanical model has been developed utilizing ANSYS(r) APDL. The model was verified by comparing simulated temperature profile of three different weld schedules (i.e. different combinations of weld parameters in real weld situations) from simulation with experimental results. Furthermore, the verified model was used to analyze the effect of different weld parameters on heat generation. Among all the weld parameters, the effect of rotational speed on heat generation is the highest.
Thermal Modeling of Al Al and Al Steel Friction Stir Spot Welding
Venue: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

This paper presents a finite element thermal model for similar and dissimilar alloy friction stir spot welding (FSSW) The model is calibrated and validated using instrumented lap joints in Al Al and Al Fe automotive sheet alloys. The model successfully predicts the thermal histories for a range of process conditions. The resulting temperature histories are used to predict the growth of intermetallic phases at the interface in Al Fe welds. Temperature predictions were used to study the evolution of hardness of a precipitation hardened aluminum alloy during post weld aging after FSSW.
Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016
Venue: CA: a cancer journal for clinicians

The number of cancer survivors continues to increase because of both advances in early detection and treatment and the aging and growth of the population. For the public health community to better serve these survivors, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate to estimate the number of current and future cancer survivors using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries. In addition, current treatment patterns for the most prevalent cancer types are presented based on information in the National Cancer Data Base and treatment related side effects are briefly described. More than 15.5 million Americans with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2016, and this number is projected to reach more than 20 million by January 1, 2026. The 3 most prevalent cancers are prostate (3,306,760) colon and rectum (724,690) and melanoma (614,460) among males and breast (3,560,570) uterine corpus (757,190) and colon and rectum (727,350) among females. More than one half (56% of survivors were diagnosed within the past 10 years, and almost one half (47% are aged 70 years or older. People with a history of cancer have unique medical and psychosocial needs that require proactive assessment and management by primary care providers. Although there are a growing number of tools that can assist patients, caregivers, and clinicians in navigating the various phases of cancer survivorship, further evidence based resources are needed to optimize care.
Short Structure Preserving Signatures

We construct a new structure preserving signature scheme in the ecient Type III asymmetric bilinear group setting with signa tures shorter than all existing schemes. Our signatures consist of 3 group elements from the rst source group and therefore have shorter size than all existing schemes as existing ones have at least one component of the signature in the second source group whose elements bit size is at least double their rst group counterparts. Besides enjoying short signatures, our scheme is fully re randomizable which is a useful property for many applications. Our result also con stitutes a proof that the impossibility of unilateral structure preserving signatures in the Type III setting result of Abe et al. (Crypto 2011) does not apply to constructions in which the message space is dual in both source groups. Besides checking the well formedness of the message, ver ifying a signature in our scheme requires checking 2 Pairing Product Equations (PPE) and require the evaluation of only 5 pairings in total which matches the best existing scheme and outperforms many other existing ones. Reducing the number of pairings in the verication equa tions is very important when combining structure preserving signature schemes with Groth Sahai proofs as the number of pairings required for verifying Groth Sahai proofs for PPE equations grows linearly with the number of pairing monomials in the source equations. We give some ex amples of how using our new scheme instead of existing ones improves the eciency of some existing cryptographic protocols such as direct anonymous attestation and group signature related constructions.
A facile and sustainable method based on deep eutectic solvents toward synthesis of amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles: The effect of using various solvents and precursors on physical characteristics

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles were synthesized using a sustainable method based on precipitation of calcium and phosphate precursors in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) To this aim, three types of DESs, i.e. choline chloride urea, choline chloride ethylene glycol, and choline chloride glycerol were prepared by simple heating mixing method. The DESs were used as synthesis media for synthesis of ACP nanoparticles from Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate/calcium chloride and di potassium hydrogen orthophosphate/di ammonium hydrogen orthophosphate precursors. Characterization of the synthesized ACP nanoparticles by X ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction, energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of amorphous nanoparticles with spherical morphology and a high elemental/structural purity. Based on the results, with the change of DES from choline chloride urea to choline chloride ethylene glycol the diameter and Ca/P molar ratio of ACP nanoparticles changed from 24 to 39 nm, and 1.15 to 1.01 respectively. No significant changes in particle size of ACP nanoparticles were detected with change of precursors. After synthesis, DESs were recovered and re used for synthesis of ACP nanoparticles. Analysis results suggested successful synthesis of ACP nanoparticles with high phase/elemental purity in the recovered DESs.
Globalization and Divergent Paths of Industrial Development: Mobile Phone Manufacturing in China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan

Globalisation has challenged the way industrial development takes place. Fragmented and decentralised global production and the rapid growth of consumer markets in emerging economies demand a more sophisticated framework to analyse development paths than does the dichotomy of export orientation and import substitution. This article proposes a typology based on (a) specialisation in the global value chain and (b) market orientation to distinguish different development trajectories and then applies the typology to mobile phone manufacturing in four East Asian countries. This study finds that globalisation does not lead to the convergence of development paths, but promotes cross national divergence depending on countries' positions in the value chain and market niches. Both Korea and Taiwan emerge as key players in global markets, yet in different parts of the global value chain. Their common orientation toward global markets strikingly contrasts the inability of Japanese firms to translate their domestic success overseas. Finally, Chinese firms concurrently engage in different development paths, making the country's multi path approach unique. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of industrial development in East Asia in an era of globalisation.
The Future of Software Engineering
Venue: IEEE Softw.

This special issue offers a range of perspectives on software engineering's future from professionals working around the world in diverse areas of software. The content ranges from detailed technical articles about the research areas behind today's trends to shorter essays and opinion pieces from folks working to sharpen the focus of their own visions of that future. The Web extra at https:/youtu.be/LnSHGDl9O7U is an audio recording of st Shull and Anita Carleton of the Software Engineering Institute and Rafael Prikladnicki of Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul talking about the authors, articles, and discussions that went into the IEEE Software January/February 2016 theme issue on the future of software engineering.
Urban rail investment and transit oriented development in Beijing: Can it reach a higher potential?

As a response to severe urban congestion, megacities in China have sped up investment in urban rail transit. How effective urban rail investment and relevant planning activities can attract development in China's megacities has rarely been studied. Using eight years' land transaction data in Beijing (2004 2011) this research finds that the market environment in general supports higher density development around transit stations. However, relevant land market regulations and planning practices may prevent the development outcome from reaching its market potential. City governments should adjust existing planning and policy efforts, including more transparent and open process for station location selection, a better articulated investment program that improves transit service, social service and infrastructure quality in suburbs, a shift toward transaction modes of more competition, and a development guidance that grants density bonus to projects closer to metro stations.
Risk factors associated with the post harvest loss of milk along camel milk value chain in Isiolo County, Kenya

Camel milk is an important commodity in the arid and semi arid lands where it forms their basic diet, a major source of income and serves significant cultural function to the pastoralists. However, camel milk production is faced with challenges that contributes to the camel milk post harvest losses due to poor quality and safety. This study aimed at determining the risk factors that may contribute to camel milk quality losses along the Isiolo camel milk value chain. The survey data was collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interview while the microbiological counts data were determined using ISO methods. There was poor hygiene at the herd level where high Staphylococcus aureus count was found on the camel udder swab, milkers' hand swab, and milking container which recorded counts of 1.4x104 cfu/cm2, 1.5x104 cfu/cm2, and 5.9x103 cfu/ml, respectively. In the other chain nodes, the hygiene was significantly (p<0.05) different with milk hands of retailers around Isiolo town, at the cooling hub/bulking milk and milk retailers in Nairobi Eastleigh area recording S. aureus counts of 4.9x103, 1.3x104, and 3.7x103 cfu/cm2, respectively. There was problem accessing adequate potable water at the herd level than at the other chain nodes. The plastic milk containers were not disinfected with any chemical sanitizes after washing, however the smoke fumigated them. Camel disease management was poor. Both sick and health camels were milked and the milk bulked together. This therefore indicates that hygiene could be one of the most important contributor to milk deterioration along the chain. Improvement of hygiene along the Isiolo camel milk value chain can help reduce milk post harvest losses.  Camel milk, handling practices, safety, risk factors, post harvest losses, Isiolo.
The Barn Owl

Thank you for reading the barn owl. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this the barn owl, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer. the barn owl is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the barn owl is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Conditions for cold stress development in dairy cattle kept in free stall barn during severe frosts.

The impact of low temperatures combined with higher velocity of ventilated air in winter during severe frost in a free stall barn on the development of cold stress in Holstein Friesian breed dairy cattle was studied. The study included measurements of outside and inside air parameters and cows' milk yield. Cold stress was evaluated in three technological groups (TG) using the WCT (Wind Chill Temperature) index. During the research, significant temperature and wind velocity differences (by up to 5degC and 0.5 m/s) were recorded in three zones of the barn occupied by the individual TG. All this resulted in different values of WCT. During most severe frosts lasting for 9 days, the average air temperature in the barn was 8.9degC (the lowest value was 17.3 degC The calculated average operative temperature for cows from all TG was as follows: 7.0 degC for TG1, 11.1 degC for TG2, and 12.3 degC for TG3. It was also observed that animals from TG2 suffered from mild cold stress, which resulted in milk yield reduction by approximately 2 kg. It was concluded that there is a strong correlation r 0.72 0.89 with P 0.05) between milk production and the WCT index. The measurements of most important microclimate parameters in the barn were conducted during winter seasons over the period of 2 years. They led to the conclusion that cattle kept in free stall barns are not vulnerable to the combination of low temperature and increased air movements. Research results of the present as well as of other authors were the basis for developing a table determining operative temperature for cows depending on the temperature of the environment and air movement velocity. Yet, the calculations and analysis of results show that there is a need to improve the applied calculation formula for operative temperature during cold weather.
The maintenance of phenotypic divergence through sexual selection: An experimental study in barn swallows Hirundo rustica
Venue: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution

Previous studies have shown that sexual signals can rapidly diverge among closely related species. However, we lack experimental studies to demonstrate that differences in trait associated reproductive performance maintain sexual trait differences between closely related populations, in support for a role of sexual selection in speciation.  Here we provide experimental evidence that manipulations of these traits result in different reproductive consequences in two subspecies of barn swallow: (H. r. erythrogaster in North America and H. r. transitiva in the East Mediterranean) Experimental results in Colorado, USA, demonstrate that males with (1) darkened ventral coloration and (2) shortened streamers gained paternity between two successive reproductive bouts. In contrast, exaggeration of both traits improved reproductive performance within H. r. transitiva in Israel: males with a combination treatment of darkened ventral coloration and elongated streamers gained paternity between two successive reproductive bouts. Collectively, these experimental results fill an important gap in our understanding for how divergent sexual selection maintains phenotype differentiation in closely related populations, an important aspect of the speciation process.
From "What is Reading?" to What is Literacy?

In their 1985 report, Becoming a Nation of Readers: The Report of the Commission on Reading, Anderson, Hiebert, Scott, and Wilkinson defined reading and proposed five principles that guide its successful enactment: (1) reading is a constructive process, (2) reading must be fluent, (3) reading must be strategic, (4) reading requires motivation, and (5) reading is a continuously developing skill. In this article we revise the definition from reading to literacy and rethink the principles in response to theoretical and empirical developments in the intervening years with regard to the processes of, and contexts for, reading. Our updated principles include: (1) literacy is a constructive, integrative, and critical process situated in social practices; (2) fluent reading is shaped by language processes and contexts; (3) literacy is strategic and disciplinary; (4) literacy entails motivation and engagement; and (5) literacy is a continuously developing set of practices. We redefine each principle and offer new explanations in light of what we now know.
The Role of DNA Methylation in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Methodological Aspects, Study Design, and Data Analysis for Epidemiological Studies.
Venue: Circulation research

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic, environmental, behavioral, and clinical factors contribute to cardiovascular disease development. How these risk factors interact at the cellular level to cause cardiovascular disease is not well known. Epigenetic epidemiology enables researchers to explore critical links between genomic coding, modifiable exposures, and manifestation of disease phenotype. One epigenetic link, DNA methylation, is potentially an important mechanism underlying these associations. In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of epidemiological studies investigating cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in relation to DNA methylation, but many gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying cause and biological implications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the biology and mechanisms of DNA methylation and its role in cardiovascular disease. In addition, we summarize the current evidence base in epigenetic epidemiology studies relevant to cardiovascular health and disease and discuss the limitations, challenges, and future directions of the field. Finally, we provide guidelines for well designed epigenetic epidemiology studies, with particular focus on methodological aspects, study design, and analytical challenges.