nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Blue Phosphorescence Iridium(III) Cyclometalated Complexes Prompted by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond in Ancillary Ligand.
Venue: Inorganic chemistry

Improvement of the stability of blue phosphorescent dopant material is one of the key factors for real application of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) In this study, we found that the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in an ancillary ligand from a heteroleptic Ir(III) complex can play an important role in the stability of blue phosphorescence. To rationalize the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonding, a series of Ir(III) complexes is designed and prepared: Ir(dfppy)2(pic OH) (1a) Ir(dfppy)2(pic OMe) (1b) Ir(ppy)2(pic OH) (2a) and Ir(ppy)2(pic OMe) (2b) The emission lifetime of Ir(dfppy)2(pic OH) (1a) (tem 3.19 ms) in dichloromethane solution was found to be significantly longer than that of Ir(dfppy)2(pic OMe) (1b) (tem 0.94 ms) because of a substantial difference in the nonradiative decay rate (knr 0.28 x 10(5) s( 1) for (1a) vs 2.99 x 10(5) s( 1) for (1b) These results were attributed to the intramolecular OH**O C hydrogen bond of the 3 hydroxy picolinato ligand. Finally, device lifetime was significantly improved when 1a was used as the dopant compared to FIrpic, a well known blue dopant. Device III (1a as dopant) achieved an operational lifetime of 34.3 h for an initial luminance of 400 nits compared to that of device IV (FIrpic as dopant) a value of 20.1 h, indicating that the intramolecular hydrogen bond in ancillary ligand is playing an important role in device stability.
How "Specification by Example" and Test Driven Development Help to Avoid Technial Debt
Venue: 2016 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Managing Technical Debt (MTD)

This paper is an industrial experience report of applying the "Specification by Example" methodology and test driven development to the development of a core component of a healthcare product. The methods are mapped to the four quadrants of technical debt introduced by Martin Fowler in order to show how they can help to avoid the accumulation of technical debt. The resulting data show that a very low defect density can be achieved with these practices, which helps to avoid technical debt introduced for example by quick fixes during a late project phase. Performance indicators measured during development and system test are presented. These results are informally compared to approaches based on formal methods further indicating the advantage of the presented approach.
Cyber physical manufacturing system Development: A test driven design method and exploratory case study

Today, manufacturing engineering companies still struggle developing cyber physical solutions. Studies suggest that inappropriate engineering methods dominated by mechanical design decisions and incompatible engineering tool landscapes are key problems that lead to isolated and potentially inconsistent specifications. To overcome the current situation, in this paper we propose a test driven approach to cyber physical manufacturing system design based on an integrated modeling technique and engineering tool called MACON. Then, we explore the applicability and potential benefits of the approach for an industry close example. Therefore, we analyze empirical data about the development process collected during tool usage. The data indicates that test driven development is applicable in principle to the cyber physical manufacturing systems domain resulting both in early test specification at various levels of the component architecture as well as in early identification of design flaws.
Spectroscopic study of low pressure, low temperature H2 CH4 CO2 microwave plasmas used for large area deposition of nanocrystalline diamond films. Part I: on temperature determination and energetic aspects

In a distributed antenna array (DAA) reactor, microwave H2 plasmas with admixtures of 2.5% CH4 and 1% CO2 used for the deposition of nanocrystalline diamond films have been studied by infrared absorption and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) techniques. The experiments were carried out in order to analyze the dependence of plasma chemical phenomena on power and pressure at relatively low pressures, up to 0.55 mbar, and power values, up to 3 kW. The evolution of the concentration of the methyl radical, CH3, and of five stable molecules, CH4, CO2, CO, C2H2 and C2H6, was monitored in the plasma processes by in situ infrared laser absorption spectroscopy using lead salt diode lasers (TDL) and external cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC QCL) as radiation sources. OES was applied simultaneously to obtain complementary information about the degree of dissociation of the H2 precursor gas and of its gas temperature. The experimental results are presented in two separate parts. In Part I, the present paper, the measurement of the gas (T gas) rotational (T rot) and vibrational (T vib) temperatures of the various species in the complex plasma was the main focus of interest. To achieve reliable values for the gas temperature inside and outside the plasma bulk as well as for the rotational and vibrational temperatures in the plasma hot zones, which are of great importance for calculation of species concentrations, five different methods based on the emission and absorption spectroscopy data of H2, CH4, CH3 and CO have been used. In these, line profile analysis has been combined with Boltzmann plot methods. Based on the wide tuning range of the EC QCL, a variety of CO lines in the ground and three excited states was measured enabling extensive temperature analysis providing new insight into the energetic aspects of this multi component plasma. Depending on the different plasma zones the gas temperature was found to range between about 360 and 1000 K inside the DAA reactor. In Part II, based on detailed concentration measurements general plasma chemical aspects will be analyzed and discussed.
Spectroscopic study of low pressure, low temperature H2 CH4 CO2 microwave plasmas used for large area deposition of nanocrystalline diamond films. Part II: on plasma chemical processes

In a distributed antenna array (DAA) reactor, microwave H2 plasmas with admixtures of 2.5% CH4 and 1% CO2 used for the deposition of nanocrystalline diamond films have been studied by infrared laser absorption and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) techniques. The experiments were carried out in order to analyze the dependence of plasma chemical phenomena on power and pressure at relatively low pressures, up to 0.55 mbar, and power values, up to 3 kW. The evolution of the concentration of the methyl radical, CH3, of five stable molecules, CH4, CO2, CO, C2H2 and C2H6, and of vibrationally excited CO in the first and second hot band was monitored in the plasma processes by in situ infrared laser absorption spectroscopy using tunable lead salt diode lasers (TDL) and an external cavity quantum cascade laser (EC QCL) as radiation sources. OES was applied simultaneously to obtain complementary information about the degree of dissociation of the H2 precursor and of its gas temperature. The experimental results are presented in two separate parts. In Part I, the first paper in a two part series, the measurement of the gas (T gas) rotational (T rot) and vibrational (T vib) temperatures of the various species in the complex plasma was the main focus of interest. Depending on the different plasma zones the gas temperature was found to range between about 360 and 1000 K inside the DAA reactor (Nave et al 2016 Plasma ) In Part II, the present paper, taking into account the temperatures determined in the first paper, the concentrations of the various species, which were found to be in a range between 1011 and 1015 cm 3, are the focus of interest. The influence of the discharge parameters power and pressure on the molecular concentrations has been studied. To achieve further insight into general plasma chemical aspects the dissociation of the carbon precursor gases including their fragmentation and conversion to the reaction products has been analyzed in detail.
Corporate Pyramids and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China

This paper examines the impact of corporate pyramids on the stock price crash risk of listed firms in China. Our results show that, first, the pyramidal layer of state owned enterprises (SOEs) can reduce stock price crash risk through the three channels of improving financial statement transparency, increasing accounting conservatism, and decreasing overinvestment. Second, the greater the related party transactions, the weaker the negative relation between the pyramidal layer and crash risk, while this negative relation is strengthened by Hong Kong cross listing. Further analysis shows that the corporate pyramidal layer of SOEs can also decrease stock price synchronicity. For non state owned enterprises (NSOEs) we find that there is an inverse U shaped relationship between the corporate pyramidal layer, crash risk, and stock price synchronicity. These findings have important policy implications in promoting the sound and stable development of the capital market in China.
Biomass pyramids in lake plankton: influence of Cyanobacteria size and abundance

The ratio of zooplankton to phytoplankton (Z:P) standing stock biomass in freshwater lakes has been suggested to decline in highly productive systems. An increasingly large proportion of inedible phytoplankton, especially in eutrophic systems dominated by Cyanobacteria, is one possible mechanism for declining Z:P. We tested this hypothesis by calculating the biomass in phytoplankton and zooplankton samples collected from 173 culturally eutrophic lakes and estimating the change in the functional relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton biomass after ignoring inedible Cyanobacteria. We found up to 2 orders of magnitude less zooplankton biomass than would be predicted at a given total phytoplankton biomass and that removing Cyanobacteria led to zooplankton biomass approaching the level expected based on remaining phytoplankton biomass. Z:P increased with the percentage of edible phytoplankton biomass, indicating greater zooplankton biomass in lakes with the least Cyanobacteria. The lower Z:P found in these eutrophic lakes likely results from 89% of the phytoplankton biomass being composed of Cyanobacteria, whose cells were significantly larger than other phytoplankton. These results suggest that zooplankton biomass is limited by a declining proportion of edible phytoplankton in the most productive lakes and illustrate how eutrophication leads to declining resource use efficiency by consumers.
Is the relationship between innovation performance and knowledge management contingent on environmental dynamism and learning capability? Evidence from a turbulent market

This study aims to explore the separate and combined effects of knowledge management capabilities, environmental dynamism and learning capability on innovation performance. To achieve this aim, a survey was carried out on a sample of 221 firms and a couple of hypotheses were tested. The findings showed that higher levels of environmental dynamism and learning capability made the positive linkage between knowledge management capabilities and innovation performance stronger. Based on the findings, it was suggested that whilst environmental dynamism may compel firms to assimilate and use new information better, create more new product configurations and move readily to new markets through their knowledge management capabilities, learning capability improves the understanding of organizational knowledge and helps the firm embed this knowledge into organizational processes. In this sense, environmental dynamism and learning capability moderate the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and innovation performance.
Analytical and numerical solution of the interfacial stress in reinforced concrete beams reinforced with bonded prestressed composite plate

The objective of this present research is to propose a simplified analytical and numerical approach to predict the interfacial stress of simply supported reinforced concrete beams reinforced with prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plate. Analytical design methodology is based on equilibrium and deformations compatibility requirements in and all parts of the strengthened beam, i.e. the concrete beam, the prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate, and the adhesive layer. The results show that there exists a high concentration of both shear and normal stress at the ends of the laminate, which might result in premature failure of the strengthening scheme at these locations. In numerical analysis, the mesh sensitivity test shows that the finite element results for interfacial stresses are not sensitive to the finite element mesh. The finite element analysis then is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution and evaluate the effect of the structural parameters on the interfacial behavior. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented both to demonstrate the advantages of the present solution. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the interfacial stress in reinforced concrete beams reinforced with bonded prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate.
El regimen heterosexual y la nacion. Aportes del lesbianismo feminista a la antropologia

El lesbianismo feminista, como corrienteteorico politica del feminismo ha propuesto analizar laheterosexualidad, como un regimen politico, mas quecomo una practica sexual, basado en la ideologia de ladiferencia sexual como su base ontologica. A traves deun analisis critico del discurso, esta tesis muestra comoeste regimen se articula a la nacion, concretamente, en laConstitucion Politica de Colombia de 1991, su ley suprema.Apoyada ademas en las teorias de la antropologia dela mujer, del genero y feminista, la antropologia politicay la teoria marxista, desde el concepto de hegemoniade Antonio Gramsci, la autora muestra, por medio delanalisis de las categorias mujer, hombre, familia, parentesco,nacionalidad, entre otras, como este regimen estacontenido en los discursos escritos y juridicos tanto deltexto constitucional, como de los argumentos emitidos porlos y las constituyentes en la Asamblea Nacional Constituyenteque dio origen a la Carta Magna. Propone lo quedenomina Antropologia de la Dominacion que consiste endevelar las formas, maneras, estrategias, discursos quevan definiendo a ciertos grupos sociales como "otros" y"otras" (sobre todo a las mujeres y las lesbianas) desdelugares de poder y dominacion. Heterosexualidad, nacion, constitucion,lesbianismo, feminismo.The heterosexual regime and the nation. Contributions of feminist lesbianism to antropologyAbstract: Lesbian feminism, as a theoretical politicaltrend of feminism, has suggested analyzing heterosexualityas a political regime, based on the ideology of sexualdifference as its ontological grounding. Through criticaldiscourse analysis, this thesis shows how this regime articulatesitself with the nation, especially in the PoliticalConstitution of Colombia of 1991, its supreme law. Basingas well on the theories of women, gender and feministanthropology, political anthropology and marxist theory,specifically from Antonio Gramci's concept of hegemony,the authoress shows through analysis of categories suchus women, man, family, kinship and nationality, amongothers how this regime is included in the written andlegal discourses both in the constitutional text and in thearguments expressed by constituents at the National ConstituentAssembly that led to the Magna Carta. The authorproposes what she calls Domination Anthropology, whichconsists in uncovering the ways, strategies and discoursesthat define certain social groups as "others" (specially womenand lesbians) from power and domination positions. Nation, heterosexuality, feminism,lesbianism, constitution.
Rethinking Radical Anti Racist Feminist Politics in a Global Neoliberal Context

This article rethinks the challenges of radical politics within a global neoliberal context by rekindling conversations about the history of Afro Latin American women's movements. The article explores the current economic crisis and its dehumanizing effects primarily on racialized populations, poor people, and women, and locates these groups in relation to the rise of the world system. Likewise, it identifies the theoretical contributions made by Afrodescendant Latin American women to decolonial thought, not only in relation to the historical domination of the significance of the nation state but, more importantly, as regards to the dependency relation of political subjects within capitalism, western modernity, European colonization, and the processes of racialization and sexualization of social relations. Acknowledging that the Afro women's movement in Latin America and the Caribbean is going through difficult times, this article considers the role of radical decolonial politics in the creation of a particular strain of thinking that would allow the movement to understand the specific configuration of these systems of domination, to overcome the binarism of theory and practice, to promote the creation of political alliances, to reconceptualize autonomy, to question essentialism, and to reconsider social class.
Inside the polygonal walls of Amelia (Central Italy) A multidisciplinary data integration, encompassing geodetic monitoring and geophysical prospections

We investigate a portion of the ancient (VI and IV centuries BC) polygonal walls of Amelia, in Central Italy. After the collapse of a portion of the walls which occurred in January 2006, a wide project started in order to monitor their external facade and inspect the characteristics of the internal structure, currently not clearly known. In this specific case, the preservation of such an important cultural heritage was mandatory, therefore invasive methods like drilling or archaeological essays cannot be used. For this purpose, a multidisciplinary approach represents an innovative way to shed light on their inner structure. We combine several non invasive techniques such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) specifically adapted for this study, Laser Scanning and Digital Terrestrial Photogrammetry integrated with other geomatic measures provided by a Total Station and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) After collecting some historical information, we gather the whole datasets exploring for their integration an interpretation approach borrowed from the reflection seismic (attribute analysis and three dimensional visualization) The results give rise for the first time to the internal imaging of this ancient walls, highlighting features associable to different building styles related to different historical periods. Among the result, we define a max wall thickness of about 3.5 m for the cyclopic sector, we show details of the internal block organization and we detect low resistivity values interpretable with high water content behind the basal part of the walls. Then, quantitative analyses to assess their reliable geotechnical stability are done, integrating new geometrical constrains provided by the geophysics and geo technical ground parameters available in literature. From this analysis, we highlight how the Amelia walls are interested, in the investigated sector, by a critical pseudo static equilibrium.
Multiple imputation for time series data with Amelia package.
Venue: Annals of translational medicine

Time series data are common in medical researches. Many laboratory variables or study endpoints could be measured repeatedly over time. Multiple imputation (MI) without considering time trend of a variable may cause it to be unreliable. The article illustrates how to perform MI by using Amelia package in a clinical scenario. Amelia package is powerful in that it allows for MI for time series data. External information on the variable of interest can also be incorporated by using prior or bound argument. Such information may be based on previous published observations, academic consensus, and personal experience. Diagnostics of imputation model can be performed by examining the distributions of imputed and observed values, or by using over imputation technique.
Approximate Entropy (ApEn) based Heart Rate Variability Analysis

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) has been established as a vital index for diagnostics and prognosis of a number of pathological conditions. Moreover, HRV is a proven indicator of autonomic balance. As HRV is a result of multiple responses acting at various time scales, these interactions need to be quantified. In this paper, a complexity measure called ApEn is utilized to quantify the complexity of HRV. This method is tested on age stratified standard Fantasia database from Physionet. It is observed that young subjects show higher HRV complexity than the older ones. The effect of tolerance threshold 'r' is also evaluated on the HRV complexity estimation of young and old subjects. Further, for r>=0.10, the complexity of HRV is higher for young subjects but the trend is reverse for r<0.10. Therefore, it is concluded that the tolerance threshold 'r' should be carefully selected for the complexity analysis of HRV.
An adaptive technique for multiscale approximate entropy (MAEbin) threshold (r) selection: application to heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) under postural stress
Venue: Australasian Physical Engineering Sciences in Medicine

Multiscale approximate entropy (MAE) is used to quantify the complexity of a time series as a function of time scale t. Approximate entropy (ApEn) tolerance threshold selection 'r' is based on either: (1) arbitrary selection in the recommended range (0.1 0.25) times standard deviation of time series (2) or finding maximum ApEn (ApEnmax) i.e. the point where self matches start to prevail over other matches and choosing the corresponding 'r' (rmax) as threshold (3) or computing rchon by empirically finding the relation between rmax, SD1/SD2 ratio and N using curve fitting, where, SD1 and SD2 are short term and long term variability of a time series respectively. None of these methods is gold standard for selection of 'r' In our previous study  an adaptive procedure for selection of 'r' is proposed for approximate entropy (ApEn) In this paper, this is extended to multiple time scales using MAEbin and multiscale cross MAEbin (XMAEbin) We applied this to simulations i.e. 50 realizations (n 50) of random number series, fractional Brownian motion (fBm) and MIX (P)  series of data length of N 300 and short term recordings of HRV and SBPV performed under postural stress from supine to standing. MAEbin and XMAEbin analysis was performed on laboratory recorded data of 50 healthy young subjects experiencing postural stress from supine to upright. The study showed that (i) ApEnbin of HRV is more than SBPV in supine position but is lower than SBPV in upright position (ii) ApEnbin of HRV decreases from supine i.e. 1.7324 0.112 (mean SD) to upright 1.4916 0.108 due to vagal inhibition (iii) ApEnbin of SBPV increases from supine i.e. 1.5535 0.098 to upright i.e. 1.6241 0.101 due sympathetic activation (iv) individual and cross complexities of RRi and systolic blood pressure (SBP) series depend on time scale under consideration (v) XMAEbin calculated using ApEnmax is correlated with cross MAE calculated using ApEn (0.1 0.26) in steps of 0.02 at each time scale in supine and upright position and is concluded that ApEn0.26 has highest correlation at most scales (vi) choice of 'r' is critical in interpreting interactions between RRi and SBP and in ascertaining true complexity of the individual RRi and SBP series.