nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Public Willingness to Pay for Transforming Jogyesa Buddhist Temple in Seoul, Korea into a Cultural Tourism Resource

The Jogyesa Buddhist Temple (JBT) located in Seoul, Korea, is the chief temple of the Jogye Order, which represents Korean Buddhism. The Seoul government plans to transform the JBT into a cultural tourism resource and a historical site. This study attempts to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) for implementing the transformation, which includes building a new shopping arcade for Buddhist culture and tourism, constructing a museum for the teaching of history and an experience center for Korean traditional culture in the precincts of JBT, and making an open space for domestic and/or foreign visitors. To this end, the study looks into the WTP for the implementation, reporting on a contingent valuation (CV) survey that was conducted with 500 Seoul households. The single bounded dichotomous choice CV model and a spike model were applied to derive the WTP responses and analyze the WTP data with zero observations, respectively. The mean yearly WTP was computed to be KRW 7129 (USD 6.30) per household for the next five years, with the estimate being statistically significant at the 1% level. Expanding the value to the Seoul population gives us KRW 25.4 billion (USD 22.5 million) per year. The present value of the total WTP amounts to KRW 114.6 billion (USD 101.3 million) using a social discount rate of 5.5% We can conclude that Seoul households are ready to shoulder some of the financial burden of implementing the transformation.
Academic Writing for International Students of Business

Academic Writing for International Students of Business Bailey, Stephen. (2015) Academic Writing for International Students of Business. New York, NY: Routledge.The recently released 2nd edition of Stephen Bailey's Academic Writing for International Students of Business (2015) overviews general concepts about academic writing in English for non native speakers studying business. Bailey's text can be utilized both as a classroom text and as a self study guide, supported by a corresponding answer key at the end of the text. The 2nd edition differs from the first in that it offers a new section on writing a literature review (replacing the and a more in depth explanation on the correct use of definite articles in English. Like the first edition, the 2nd edition is available as a softbound book as well as an electronic text in an easy to utilize, downloadable format.The primary strength of Academic Writing for International Students of Business for both students and faculty is the manageable amount of content. The text is not overwhelming; it covers fundamental concepts with brevity readers may welcome. However, this brevity does, in places, become the text's greatest weakness. Some aspects of academic writing deserve more attention and need additional explanation. In addition, most examples in the text are from the UK; it lacks examples from Australia, the United States, and other English speaking countries. For instance, the authors present an opening quiz designed to help students test their knowledge and focus their interests. However, this quiz may not be applicable across all cultures or institutions.The text is organized in four parts: The Writing Process, Elements of Writing, Vocabulary for Writing and Writing Models. While generally straightforward and clear, occasionally the text can be confusing, especially when key ideas are alluded to, but not directly referenced. For example, in the section on critical reading, one activity addresses skimming versus scanning a text (p. 16) but the text itself makes no mention of scanning, outside of the glossary. The text also switches voice sometimes Bailey addresses students directly as if they are his primary audience. At other times, as in the section on reading methods (p. 15) the voice shifts and the author seems to be writing to faculty, talking about students. For student readers, this shift potentially detracts from the effectiveness as they may not find material to be directly relevant to their own needs.The first section of Academic Writing for International Students of Business focusing on the Writing Process contains good information about effective critical reading, working in groups, and how to avoid plagiarism, along with a standard overview of stages of the writing process. The section on plagiarism effectively connects the importance of good study and notetaking habits to the goal of avoiding plagiarism. This section also reinforces understanding through activities on avoiding plagiarism by fully understanding and practicing summarizing and paraphrasing. However, some of the other sections are not as well developed.
Object recognition using rotation invariant local binary pattern of significant bit planes
Venue: IET Image Process.

The binary feature descriptors such as binary robust independent elementary features (BRIEF) oriented rotated binary robust independent elementary features (ORB) and fast retina keypoint (FREAK) usually perform binarisation on the intensity comparisons, thus they lose some useful information. In this study, the authors propose an effective binary image descriptor which is called significant bit planes based local binary pattern for visual recognition. First, the authors divide an image into several sub regions according to the intensity orders to incorporate the spatial information. Then the authors extract the higher bit planes for all the sub regions and sort the adjacent neighbour bits based on the corresponding intensity orders, which make the descriptor invariant to rotation. In order to further improve the discriminative ability, the authors sample the multi scale neighbours and average the adjacent pixels and extract the feature descriptor from the higher bit planes. Since the authors directly perform operation on the significant bit planes without quantisation, the authors decrease the information loss to some extent. The descriptor has demonstrated a better performance over the state of the art binary descriptors as well as scale invariant feature transform on two recognition benchmarks (i.e. Kentucky and ETHZ) and PASCAL 2007 for image classification.
Geometric Programming for Design Equation Development and Cost/Profit Optimization (with illustrative case study problems and solutions) Third Edition
Venue: Geometric Programming for Design Equation Development and Cost/Profit Optimization, 3rd Edition

Programming is used for cost minimization, profit maximization, obtaining cost ratios, and the development of generalized design equations for the primal variables. The early pioneers of geometric programming Zener, Duffin, Peterson, Beightler, Wilde, and Phillips played important roles in its development. Five new case studies have been added to the third edition. There are five major sections: (1) Introduction, History and Theoretical Fundamentals; (2) Cost Minimization Applications with Zero Degrees of Difficulty; (3) Profit Maximization Applications with Zero Degrees of Difficulty; (4) Applications with Positive Degrees of Difficulty; and (5) Summary, Future Directions, and Geometric Programming Theses Dissertations Titles. The various solution techniques presented are the constrained derivative approach, condensation of terms approach, dimensional analysis approach, and transformed dual approach. A primary goal of this work is to have readers develop more case studies and new sol.
Lack of Standardization in the Use of the Glasgow Coma Scale: Results of International Surveys.
Venue: Journal of neurotrauma

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was introduced 40 years ago and has received world wide acceptance. The GCS rates eye, motor, and verbal responses to assess the level of consciousness. Concerns have been expressed with regard to reliability and consistency of assessments. We considered that lack of standardization in application techniques and reporting of the GCS may have contributed to these concerns, and aimed to assess current procedures in its use. Questionnaire based assessments were conducted by an online survey and during neurosurgical training courses. Overall, 616 participants were recruited, representing 48 countries and including physicians and nurses from different disciplines. Use of the GCS was reported by nearly all participants for assessment of patients with traumatic brain injury, but not for all patients with a reduced level of consciousness from other causes (78% Major differences were found regarding the type of stimulus applied when patients do not obey commands: Nail bed pressure, supraorbital pressure, trapezius or pectoralis pinch, and sternal rub were all frequently used, whereas 25% of responders reported to never use a peripheral stimulus. Strategies for reporting the GCS varied greatly, and 35% of participants limited the reporting to a summary score. Moreover, different approaches were used when one of the components could not be assessed. Overall, the surveys have identified a general lack of standardization in assessment and reporting of the GCS. The results illustrate the need for continued education to improve reliability of assessments through guidance to a standard approach.
Glasgow Coma Scale Motor Component "Patient Does Not Follow Commands" Performs Similarly to Total Glasgow Coma Scale in Predicting Severe Injury in Trauma Patients.
Venue: Annals of emergency medicine

Trauma victims are frequently triaged to a trauma center according to the patient's calculated Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score despite its known inconsistencies. The substitution of a simpler binary assessment of GCS motor (GCS m) score less than 6 (ie, "patient does not follow commands" would simplify field triage. We compare total GCS score to this binary assessment for predicting trauma outcomes.  This retrospective analysis of a statewide trauma registry includes records from 393,877 patients from 1999 to 2013. Patients with initial GCS score less than or equal to 13 were compared with those with GCS m score less than 6 for outcomes of Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 15, ISS greater than 24, death, ICU admission, need for surgery, or need for craniotomy. We judged a priori that differences less than 5% lack clinical importance.  The relative differences between GCS and GCS m scores less than 6 were less than 5% and thus clinically unimportant for all outcomes tested, even when statistically significant. For the 6 outcomes, the differences in areas under receiver operating characteristic curves ranged from 0.014 to 0.048. Total GCS score less than or equal to 13 was slightly more sensitive (difference 3.3% 95% confidence interval 3.2% to 3.4% and slightly less specific (difference 1.5% 95% confidence interval 1.6% to 1.5% than GCS m score less than 6 for predicting ISS greater than 15, with similar overall accuracy (74.1% versus 74.2% CONCLUSION Replacement of the total GCS score with a simple binary decision point of GCS m score less than 6, or a patient who "does not follow commands," predicts serious injury, as well as the total GCS score, and would simplify out of hospital trauma triage.
Towards Sustainable, Secure, and Safe Energy Future: Leveraging Opportunities with Thorium

The growing economic empowerment of an increasing part of the world's population and small amount of carbon space available, necessitates a quick shift to non fossil energy sources that are large enough to meet future energy requirements. Apart from electricity, energy in fluid form, derived through non fossil means is also needed. It is, thus, important to progressively replace fossil fuels and increase the share of nuclear and solar power in the overall energy mix. For expansion of nuclear capacity, it is important to squarely address various fears associated with nuclear energy by eliminating the possibility of any adverse impact in the public domain. Since time is running out, we need to explore how to achieve this objective through reconfiguration of available technologies even as we develop new technologies specifically for the purpose. This paper argues that the use of thorium, together with innovative reactor designs such as that of the advanced heavy water reactor (AHWR) under development in India can, by and large, eliminate many of the perceived risks associated with nuclear energy. In the long run, a mix of advanced technologies such as molten salt reactors, accelerator driven systems, and fast reactors will be necessary to sustain nuclear energy.
Resource Acquisition, Internationalization, and the Catch up Path of Chinese Construction Machinery Champions The Case of Sany, XCMG, and Zoomlion

This study investigates the internationalization and resource accumulation process of the three largest Chinese construction machinery companies: Sany, XCMG and Zoomlion. It takes a longitudinal approach to analyze the internationalization process of the three companies over the last 25 years. Although the three companies' paths in the early acquisition of technologies and firm specific advantages (FSA) differ significantly, however, their internationalization process exhibits similar pattern. They all exploit the same home country based FSAs in their south south expansion into other emerging markets, and seem to mimic each other in their strategic moves. In the south north expansion into advanced economies they skip the export stage and rely almost exclusively on foreign direct investment of both forms, greenfield and M&A, to pursue asset augmenting objectives and overcome their "liability of origin" The study concludes by discussing several topics of interest, such as the implications of accelerated resource accumulation, the impact on competition with advanced multinationals in the home market or possible effects on the level of state support and risk taking behavior in the internationalization process by the companies' ownership type.
Policy Burden and Private Enterprise Behavior: A Case Study of Sany Heavy Industry Corporation Changed Registered Address

Based on the case of Sany Heavy Industry changed registered address, this paper aims to take policy burden as a starting point to explore the impact of policy burden on private enterprise behavior. It finds that under the stimulus of fiscal decentralization system and political tournament mode, in order to achieve political goals, the governments enhance the motive for intervening local companies, and local governments intervene local private enterprises with large scale through policy burden. Compared to state owned companies, private enterprises' responses to policy burden depend on their own development scales. When the development scale of private enterprises reaches a certain degree, they tend to avoid local governments' intervention actively and seek a more fair market environment. Existing literature mainly concludes that some private enterprises establish political connections with local governments through undertaking policy burden in a positive attitude or in a passive attitude. From the perspective of case study, this paper analyzes another possible response of private enterprises to policy burden, and explains the interaction between private enterprises and local governments from the perspective of policy burden.
A facial recognition system for matching computerized composite sketches to facial photos using human visual system algorithms
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST)

Forensic sketching techniques are a commonly used method to assist law enforcement agencies. With the powerful advances in computer software, computerized composite sketches are more frequently used than hand drawn sketches because of its efficiency and low cost. However, there is not much research focused on facial recognition systems for matching computerized composite sketches to facial photos. This problem is addressed by introducing an automatic recognition system for matching computerized facial sketches to face photos utilizing human visual system algorithms, coupled with logarithm Logical Binary Pattern feature descriptors and a new region weighted model. The architecture can quickly find and rank the closest matches of a test image to a database of stored images. The contributions of this paper include: (i) A database containing people of interest with corresponding forensic images and their computerized sketches that will be available for future researchers; (ii) An automatic computerized sketch to facial photo recognition system utilizing human visual system algorithms; (iii) This work will also compare the accuracy between matching forensic photos and matching the composite sketches. The results show the high efficiency and accuracy of the prototype system. The proposed computerized sketch matching facial photo system has potential for many law enforcement and homeland security applications.
Exploring the metabolic syndrome: Nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease
Venue: World journal of gastroenterology

After the first description of fatty pancreas in 1933, the effects of pancreatic steatosis have been poorly investigated, compared with that of the liver. However, the interest of research is increasing. Fat accumulation, associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been defined as "fatty infiltration" or "nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease" (NAFPD) The term "fatty replacement" describes a distinct phenomenon characterized by death of acinar cells and replacement by adipose tissue. Risk factors for developing NAFPD include obesity, increasing age, male sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, alcohol and hyperferritinemia. Increasing evidence support the role of pancreatic fat in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, MetS, atherosclerosis, severe acute pancreatitis and even pancreatic cancer. Evidence exists that fatty pancreas could be used as the initial indicator of "ectopic fat deposition" which is a key element of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and/or MetS. Moreover, in patients with fatty pancreas, pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with an increased risk of intraoperative blood loss and post operative pancreatic fistula.
Summary of the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) Statement Update on the Recommended Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine.
Venue: Canada communicable disease report Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada

The severity of hepatitis A (HA) increases with age. Children less than six years of age are commonly asymptomatic or present with mild disease without jaundice and represent an important source of infection, particularly for household members and other close contacts. In older children and adults, HA is typically symptomatic. Older persons and individuals with chronic liver disease and immunocompromising conditions have an increased risk of progressing to fulminant hepatic failure resulting in death. Immunization with HA vaccine is recommended for pre exposure immunization of persons at increased risk of infection or severe HA, as well as within 14 days of HA exposure for: susceptible household and close contacts of proven or suspected cases of HA; co workers and clients of infected food handlers; and staff and attendees of group child care centres and kindergartens where HA has occurred. Canada's National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) has previously recommended HA vaccination for persons one year of age and over.  To make recommendations for the use of HA vaccine in infants less than one year of age and to clarify recommendations for the post exposure use of human immune globulin (Ig)  The NACI Hepatitis Working Group (HWG) performed literature reviews and reviewed vaccine manufacturer provided data on the topic of HA post exposure prophylaxis. All evidence was rated and reported in evidence tables. A knowledge synthesis was performed and NACI approved specific evidence based recommendations, elucidating the rationale and relevant considerations.  No studies on the efficacy or effectiveness of HA containing vaccines in children six to less than 12 months of age were identified through the literature search. Receipt of two doses of HA containing vaccines was found to be safe and immunogenic in infants six to 12 months of age. Limited data were available regarding HA containing vaccine immunogenicity in adults over the age of 40 years.  There are now new NACI recommendations on HA vaccine and post exposure use of Ig.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx in patients aged 18 45 years: A case control study to evaluate the risk factors with emphasis on stress, diet, oral hygiene, and family history.
Venue: Indian journal of cancer

Increasing incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and oropharynx is reported in young adults. However, there is a paucity regarding etiology and risk factors.  To evaluate the exposure potential carcinogenic factors among a sample aged 45 years and younger, diagnosed with SCC of the oral cavity and oropharynx.  Eighty five case samples aged 18 45 years, diagnosed with SCC of the oral cavity and oropharynx were compared with 85 controls who had never had cancer, matched for age and sex. This study was conducted by questionnaire based interviews. Questionnaire contained items about exposure to the following risk factors: Caries prevalence, oral hygiene status, dental trauma, dental visit, stress, family history of cancer, environmental exposure to potential carcinogens, diet, body mass index (BMI) habits such as smoking, tobacco chewing, betel quid/pan, or supari. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Odds ratios (ORs) of oral and pharyngeal cancer and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Elevated OR was seen in young adults who had poor oral hygiene, stress, dental trauma, low BMI, family history of cancer, exposure to environmental carcinogens, and habit of placement of quid for 11 20 years.  An increased risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer was seen in cases who had poor oral hygiene, stress, dental trauma, low BMI, family history of cancer, exposure to environmental carcinogens, and habit of placement of quid.
The influence of goal clarity, curiosity, and enjoyment on intention to code
Venue: Behav. Inf. Technol.

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of goal clarity, curiosity, and enjoyment dimensions of flow theory on the intention to write programming code. This research refines and extends previous information systems (IS) research in two significant ways: first, this research is focused specifically on systems development behaviour; second; this is the first research that isolates specific flow theory constructs associated with systems development behaviour. We used SmartPLS to test our model, as partial least squares is the appropriate statistical methodology for theory building and model testing. Findings are based on survey data from computer IS classes at two different universities. Goal clarity and curiosity independently and significantly contributed to enjoyment when programming, which significantly and positively influenced a future intention to code. Recommendations for practitioners and faculty include testing for curiosity characteristics, providing clear goals, and providing stimuli to pique curiosity.