nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The utility of captive animals in actualistic research: A geometric morphometric exploration of the tooth row of Alligator mississippiensis suggesting ecophenotypic influences and functional constraints
Venue: Journal of morphology

Captive broad snouted crocodylians are generally thought to have wider, shorter rostra than their wild counterparts. Interpreted to reflect morphological change in response to the conditions of captivity, this qualitative pattern could affect the utility of these animals in a variety of fields of research. However, due to relative ease of access and availability of life history data, captive animals are often utilized in actualistic research. Thus, this issue should be addressed in more detail. Here we explore snout shape variation between captive and wild members of Alligator mississippiensis using two dimensional (2D) morphometric techniques. Several landmark schemesare used to assess the utility of different aspects of morphology in distinguishing the groups. While statistical analyses consistently differentiated between the groups, the area of morphospace occupied by wild members of A. mississippiensis generally overlapped with the larger area encompassing the captive specimens. This indicates that the captive condition is not as uniform as previously thought and instead encompasses a large spectrum of morphologies, ranging from the stereotypical broad, shortened snouts to outlines that are indistinguishable from the wild morphotype. These results align well with the interpretation that this change reflects an extreme example of ecophenotypy, since ranched, farmed, or zoo organisms are held in an array of enclosures, ranging from indoor, climate controlled pens to outdoor, more natural areas. This variation in environments should be reflected in different reactions to the animals' surroundings, resulting in a broad spectrum of morphotypes. While wild specimens are still preferred, especially for fine scale analyses, these results indicate that not all captive members of A. mississippiensis exhibit the extreme morphological alterations often cited in the literature. Weighing the conditions in which the animals are held and exploring the possibility of morphological differences against the benefits of using captive specimens should be part of any actualistic study.  2016.
Evaluating sponsorship through the lens of the resource based view: The potential for sustained competitive advantage

The resource based view (RBV) of the firm has become a prominent management theory that firms can use to analyze resources as potential sources of competitive advantage. Theorists have suggested sponsorship of sport properties as one such resource, yet specific cases of sponsorship's role in a firm's achievement of a sustained advantage over competitors have yet to be explored. This article illuminates the case of Visa's longstanding global sponsorship of the Olympic Games, which was initiated and leveraged to counteract competitor American Express' advantage with global business travelers. Evidence is presented that supports Visa's achievement of a competitive advantage during the term of the sponsorship. The case is then used to develop a conceptual model based on the RBV to identify the key characteristics of sponsored properties capable of assisting the sponsoring firm in achieving a sustained competitive advantage. From a managerial perspective, the model is designed to assist marketing managers tasked with the identification and evaluation of potential sponsorship properties.
Human resource development and human resource management levers for sustained competitive advantage: Combining isomorphism and differentiation
Venue: Journal of Management Organization

Numerous studies have investigated human resources as a source of sustained competitive advantage, indicating that the high performance work systems created by certain human resource development and human resource management practices lead to greater firm performance. Though the mechanism by which this link exists remains a 'black box, substantial evidence shows organizations benefit by adopting the human resource development and human resource management practices that lead to high performance work systems. We discuss two divergent perspectives, institutional theory and resource based view, and their impact on high performance work systems. We argue that organizations adhering to tenets of institutional theory experience isomorphism in certain human resource development and human resource management practices, whereas resource based view attributes create ways that firms differentiate their practices. We posit that to be competitive firms must balance the push pull effect of institutional pressure with that of resource based view differentiation.
Sustained competitive advantage through green supply chain management practices: a natural resource based view approach

Recently, as the deterioration of the environment escalates due to the impact of firms' activities, stakeholders begin to put pressures on firms to conduct a more environmentally friendly behaviour. There is a growing pressure for firms to integrate more environmentally sound practices into their supply chain activities. Using the logic embodied in the natural resource based view (NRBV) of the firm, this paper identifies the types of key resources and capabilities underlying green supply chain management (GSCM) practices for implementing pollution prevention, product stewardship, and sustainable development strategies and then demonstrates why they are capable of possessing the characteristics of strategic assets and distinctive competencies, respectively, and thus sources of sustainable competitive advantage.
Strategies for Comparative Urbanism: Post socialism as a De territorialized Concept

The aim of this article is to critically assess the study of post socialist cities with respect to comparative urbanism. Even though comparative urbanism has challenged the division of the world into largely incommensurable regional containers, where some regions are sources of theory while others remain in the periphery of thinking, post socialist cities have remained doubly excluded: neither centre nor periphery, neither mainstream nor part of the critique. This article introduces three ways in which post socialism has and could be perceived: as a container, as a condition and as a de territorialized concept. It is argued here that seeing post socialism as a de territorialized concept that would apply to particular aspects of cities and societies rather than territorialized units in general would allow cities regularly seen as post socialist to be incorporated into global urban theorizing, while distinctive local histories and experiences still remain analytically present. The article cautions researchers against area based imaginations of urban theorization, instead arguing in favour of an approach that sees cities first and foremost as ordinary while some aspects could be claimed to be post socialist. Tallinn is used here as a site from which to draw examples for this mainly literature based conceptual analysis.
Zombie socialism and the rise of neoliberalism in post socialist Central and Eastern Europe

Many scholars have asked themselves if and for how long they should use the concept of "post socialism." We review some ways in which post socialism is no longer used productively and suggest that one way to analyze the enduring effects of socialism (a useful role for the concept of post socialism) is by paying attention to how economic and political elites in Central and Eastern Europe continue to use the ghost of state socialism as the ultimate boogeyman, disciplinary device, and "ideological antioxidant." We call this blend of post 1989 anti communism and neoliberal hegemony "zombie socialism," and we argue that it is a key component of contemporary capitalism in Central and Eastern Europe. We illustrate briefly some cases of zombie socialism, using data such as EU 28 statistics on labor, wages, work life (im)balance, income tax, housing, and housing policies to show the effects of this hegemonic discourse. The presence of zombie socialism for almost three decades in Central and Eastern Europe made some of these countries "more" capitalist than countries with longer capitalist traditions in Europe. We join others who have suggested that there is nothing to transition any longer, as the "transition" is long over.
Socialism and the Blockchain
Venue: Future Internet

Bitcoin (BTC) is often cited as Libertarian. However, the technology underpinning Bitcoin, blockchain, has properties that make it ideally suited to Socialist paradigms. Current literature supports the Libertarian viewpoint by focusing on the ability of Bitcoin to bypass central authority and provide anonymity; rarely is there an examination of blockchain technology's capacity for decentralised transparency and auditability in support of a Socialist model. This paper conducts a review of the blockchain, Libertarianism, and Socialist philosophies. It then explores Socialist models of public ownership and looks at the unique cooperative properties of blockchain that make the technology ideal for supporting Socialist societies. In summary, this paper argues that blockchain technologies are not just a Libertarian tool, they also enhance Socialist forms of governance.
Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in people with type 2 diabetes: The TOSCA.IT Study
Venue: European Journal of Nutrition

PurposeProper evaluation of polyphenols intake at the population level is a necessary step in order to establish possible associations with health outcomes. Available data are limited, and so far no study has been performed in people with diabetes. The aim of this work was to document the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes and in socio demographic subgroups.MethodsWe studied 2573 men and women aged 50 75 years. Among others, anthropometry was measured by standard protocol and dietary habits were investigated by food frequency questionnaire (EPIC) The intake of polyphenols was evaluated using US Department of Agriculture and Phenol Explorer databases.ResultsThe mean total polyphenol intake was 683.3 5.8 mg/day. Non alcoholic beverages represented the main food source of dietary polyphenols and provided 35.5% of total polyphenol intake, followed by fruits (23.0% alcoholic beverages (14.0% vegetables (12.4% cereal products and tubers (4.6% legumes (3.7% and oils (2.1% chocolate, cakes and nuts are negligible sources of polyphenols in this cohort. The two most important polyphenol classes contributing to the total intake were flavonoids (47.5% and phenolic acids (47.4% Polyphenol intake increased with age and education level and decreased with BMI; furthermore, in the northern regions of Italy, the polyphenol intake was slightly, but significantly higher than in the central or southern regions.ConclusionsThe study documents for the first time the intake of polyphenols and their main food sources in people with diabetes using validated and complete databases of the polyphenol content of food. Compared with published data, collected in people without diabetes, these results suggest a lower intake and a different pattern of intake in people with diabetes.
Prevalence and risk of violence and the mental, physical and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: an updated systematic review
Venue: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences

To update and expand on a 2012 systematic review of the prevalence and risk of violence and the prevalence and risk of physical, mental and sexual health problems among trafficked people.  Systematic review and meta analysis. Searches of 15 electronic databases of peer reviewed articles and doctoral theses were supplemented by reference screening, citation tracking of included articles and expert recommendations. Studies were included if they reported on the prevalence or risk of violence while trafficked, or the prevalence or risk of physical, mental or sexual health outcomes among people who have been trafficked. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility and appraised the quality of included studies.  Thirty seven papers reporting on 31 studies were identified. The majority of studies were conducted in low and middle income countries with women and girls trafficked into the sex industry. There is limited but emerging evidence on the health of trafficked men and the health consequences of trafficking into different forms of exploitation. Studies indicate that trafficked women, men and children experience high levels of violence and report significant levels of physical health symptoms, including headaches, stomach pain and back pain. Most commonly reported mental health problems include depression, anxiety and post traumatic stress disorder. Although serological data on sexually transmitted infections are limited, women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation self report symptoms suggestive of a high prevalence of infections. Limitations of the review include methodological weaknesses of primary studies and some differences in definition and operationalisation of trafficking, which hinder comparability and generalisability of the results.  There is increasing evidence human trafficking is associated with high prevalence and increased risk of violence and a range of physical and mental health problems. Although more studies have emerged in recent years reporting on the health of trafficked men and people trafficked for forms of exploitation other than in the sex industry, further research is needed in this area. Appropriate interventions and support services to address the multiple and serious medical needs, especially mental health, of trafficked people are urgently needed.
The Bioenergetic Health Index is a sensitive measure of oxidative stress in human monocytes
Venue: Redox biology

Metabolic and bioenergetic dysfunction are associated with oxidative stress and thought to be a common underlying mechanism of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Recent findings support an emerging concept that circulating leukocytes and platelets can act as sensors or biomarkers of mitochondrial function in patients subjected to metabolic diseases. It is proposed that systemic stress induced alterations in leukocyte bioenergetics are the consequence of several factors including reactive oxygen species. This suggests that oxidative stress mediated changes in leukocyte mitochondrial function could be used as an indicator of bioenergetic health in individuals. To test this concept, we investigated the effect of the redox cycling agent, 2,3 dimethoxynaphthoquinone (DMNQ) on the bioenergetic profiles of monocytes isolated from healthy human subjects using the extracellular flux analyzer. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the bioenergetic health index (BHI) a single value that represents the bioenergetic health of individuals, is dynamically sensitive to oxidative stress in human monocytes. DMNQ decreased monocyte ATP linked respiration, maximal respiration, and reserve capacity and caused an increase in proton leak and non mitochondrial respiration compared to monocytes not treated with DMNQ. The BHI was a more sensitive indicator of the DMNQ dependent changes in bioenergetics than any individual parameter. These data suggest that monocytes are susceptible to oxidative stress mediated by DMNQ and this can be accurately assessed by the BHI. Taken together, our findings suggest that the BHI has the potential to act as a functional biomarker of the impact of systemic oxidative stress in patients with metabolic disorders.
A 2.4% Determination of the Local Value of the Hubble Constant

We use the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to reduce the uncertainty in the local value of the Hubble constant (H_0) from 3.3% to 2.4% Improvements come from new, near infrared observations of Cepheid variables in 11 new hosts of recent SNe~Ia, more than doubling the sample of SNe~Ia having a Cepheid calibrated distance for a total of 19; these leverage the magnitude z relation based on 300 SNe~Ia at z<0.15. All 19 hosts and the megamaser system NGC4258 were observed with WFC3, thus nullifying cross instrument zeropoint errors. Other improvements include a 33% reduction in the systematic uncertainty in the maser distance to NGC4258, more Cepheids and a more robust distance to the LMC from late type DEBs, HST observations of Cepheids in M31, and new HST based trigonometric parallaxes for Milky Way (MW) Cepheids. We consider four geometric distance calibrations of Cepheids: (i) megamasers in NGC4258, (ii) 8 DEBs in the LMC, (iii) 15 MW Cepheids with parallaxes, and (iv) 2 DEBs in M31. H_0 from each is 72.25+ 2.51, 72.04+ 2.67, 76.18+ 2.37, and 74.50+ 3.27 km/sec/Mpc, respectively. Our best estimate of 73.24+ 1.74 km/sec/Mpc combines the anchors NGC4258, MW, and LMC, and includes systematic errors for a final uncertainty of 2.4% This value is 3.4 sigma higher than 66.93+ 0.62 km/sec/Mpc predicted by LambdaCDM with 3 neutrinos with mass 0.06 eV and the Planck data, but reduces to 2.1 sigma relative to the prediction of 69.3+ 0.7 km/sec/Mpc with the combination of WMAP+ACT+SPT+BAO, suggesting systematic uncertainties in CMB measurements may play a role in the tension. If we take the conflict between Planck and H_0 at face value, one plausible explanation could involve an additional source of dark radiation in the early Universe in the range of Delta N_eff=0.4 1. We anticipate significant improvements in H_0 from upcoming parallax measurements.
The impact of children's exposure to greenspace on physical activity, cognitive development, emotional wellbeing, and ability to appraise risk.
Venue: Health place

The current study utilised objective techniques to investigate the relationship between children's time spent in greenspace (open land covered in grass or other vegetation) with various physical and psychological variables. Potential relationships between physical activity and greenspace with body composition, emotional wellbeing, sensation seeking tendencies, ability to appraise risk, and cognitive development are investigated.  108 participants aged 11 14 years from three intermediate schools in Auckland, New Zealand, were assessed. Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and geolocational data were recorded using accelerometers and portable global positioning system (GPS) receivers (respectively) over a 7 day period in September December 2014. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated from height, weight, and waist circumference. Participants also completed online cognitive testing, a computerised risk appraisal tool, and a questionnaire for assessing emotional wellbeing and sensation seeking characteristics. Data analysis took place during February to May 2015. Generalised linear mixed models were used to quantify the associations between MVPA, greenspace exposure, and secondary outcome variables.  Findings confirmed that greenspace exposure is positively associated with MVPA in children (B=0.94; p<0.05) Furthermore, both greenspace exposure and MVPA were related to greater emotional wellbeing, with the former exhibiting a stronger relationship than the latter. Risk taking and sensation seeking scores were positively associated with MVPA, but not with greenspace exposure. No associations were detected between BMI, WHtR, cognitive domains, and either MVPA or greenspace exposure.  Findings support the theory that for children, greenspaces are an important environmental influence on physical activity and emotional wellbeing.
Comparison of effective radiation doses from X ray, CT, and PET/CT in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma using a dose monitoring program.
Venue: Diagnostic and interventional radiology

We aimed to evaluate the use of a dose monitoring program for calculating and comparing the diagnostic radiation doses in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma.  We retrospectively reviewed diagnostic and therapeutic imaging studies performed on pediatric patients with neuroblastoma from 2003 to 2014. We calculated the mean effective dose per exam for X ray, conventional computed tomography (CT) and CT of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) from the data collected using a dose monitoring program (DoseTrack group) since October 2012. Using the data, we estimated the cumulative dose per person and the relative dose from each modality in all patients (Total group) The effective dose from PET was manually calculated for all patients.  We included 63 patients with a mean age of 3.2+ 3.5 years; 28 had a history of radiation therapy, with a mean irradiated dose of 31.9+ 23.2 Gy. The mean effective dose per exam was 0.04+ 0.19 mSv for X ray, 1.09+ 1.11 mSv for CT, and 8.35+ 7.45 mSv for CT of PET/CT in 31 patients of the DoseTrack group. The mean estimated cumulative dose per patient in the Total group was 3.43+ 2.86 mSv from X ray (8.5% 7.66+ 6.09 mSv from CT (19.1% 18.35+ 13.52 mSv from CT of PET/CT (45.7% and 10.71+ 10.05 mSv from PET (26.7% CONCLUSION CT of PET/CT contributed nearly half of the total cumulative dose in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. The radiation dose from X ray was not negligible because of the large number of X ray images. A dose monitoring program can be useful for calculating radiation doses in patients with cancer.
Do government grants promote innovation efficiency in China's high tech industries?

Despite extensive discussion about the important role of government in enterprise development, the function of government grants in the innovation activities of high technology (high tech) industries is still unclear. In this paper, the stochastic frontier model and a unique panel data set of 17 high tech industries in China spanning the 2001aEUR"2011 period are applied to explore how government grants affect the innovation performance of these industries. Results indicate that the innovation efficiency of high tech industries rapidly improved in the past decade. However, it is found that government grants exert a negative influence on innovation efficiency of high tech industries. However, the impact of private R&D funding is significant and positive. Furthermore, when the high tech industries are grouped into five sub industries, the results show that government grants had different effects on the innovation in each sub industry.
The Emerging Hallmarks of Cancer Metabolism.
Venue: Cell metabolism

Tumorigenesis is dependent on the reprogramming of cellular metabolism as both direct and indirect consequence of oncogenic mutations. A common feature of cancer cell metabolism is the ability to acquire necessary nutrients from a frequently nutrient poor environment and utilize these nutrients to both maintain viability and build new biomass. The alterations in intracellular and extracellular metabolites that can accompany cancer associated metabolic reprogramming have profound effects on gene expression, cellular differentiation, and the tumor microenvironment. In this Perspective, we have organized known cancer associated metabolic changes into six hallmarks: (1) deregulated uptake of glucose and amino acids, (2) use of opportunistic modes of nutrient acquisition, (3) use of glycolysis/TCA cycle intermediates for biosynthesis and NADPH production, (4) increased demand for nitrogen, (5) alterations in metabolite driven gene regulation, and (6) metabolic interactions with the microenvironment. While few tumors display all six hallmarks, most display several. The specific hallmarks exhibited by an individual tumor may ultimately contribute to better tumor classification and aid in directing treatment.