nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Quality of Life, Social Support and Dysfunction in Alcohol Dependent Men Attending a De Addiction Clinic in India

The social consequences of alcohol users at the individual level significantly impacts personal life, work related areas and family relationships. The idea of quality of life (QoL) incorporates these dimensions and can be defined as "an individual's perception of their position in life, and in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns" The present study brings out the various aspects of the quality of life and provides valuable information regarding the specific areas of deficit, which require greater attention by the clinician. The study was carried out at the Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Convenience sampling with a cross sectional assessment in one sitting was used for this study. The sample comprised of men aged 18 55 years under two groups: 86 subjects with alcohol dependence and 85 controls. Subjects were examined using a Sociodemographic Profile Sheet,Clinical Profile Sheet,General Health Questionnaire (Hindi) World Health Organization Quality of Life Bref, Social Support Questionnaire, Dysfunction Analysis Questionnaire (DAQ) Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 was used for data analysis. The two groups had a similar demography. Significant positive correlation was seen between age at onset and psychological health (r 0.213, p 0.049) and social relationship domains (r 0.223, p 0.039) money spent on drug abuse and environment domain(r 0.230, p 0.033) These data suggest that the QoL of alcohol dependent patients was impaired across the whole spectrum of patients. Dysfunction (as assessed on DAQ) also did not show significant correlation with QoL, though almost all the variables on DAQ showed negative association (higher QoL meant lower dysfunction) Based on the results of this study, clinicians should monitor the impact of alcoholism on QoL and the treatment plan should be multidisciplinary, including medical, social, and psychiatric components.
Religion, Alcohol Use and Risk Drinking Among Canadian Adults Living in Ontario
Venue: Journal of Religion and Health

This research examines (1) the association between risk drinking and religious affiliation and (2) differences between religions for risk drinking among adults living in Ontario, Canada, for Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs, Muslims, Hindus, Jews, other religious groups and the non religious. Data are based on telephone interviews with 16,596 respondents and are derived from multiple cycles (2005 2011) of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's (CAMH) Monitor survey, an ongoing cross sectional survey of adults in Ontario, Canada, aged 18 years and older. Data were analysed using bivariate cross tabulations, Mann Whitney U nonparametric test and logistic regression. Alcohol use and risk drinking occur among members of all religious groups; however, the rate of drinking ranges widely. Risk drinking is significantly associated with religion. When compared to the No religion/Atheist group, several religious groups (Baptist, Christian, Hindu, Jehovah's Witness, Jewish, Muslim/Islam, Non denominational, Pentecostal, Sikh and Other religion) in our sample have significantly lower odds of risk drinking. Risk drinkers also attended significantly fewer services among several religions. Results suggest that there are differences in the risk drinking rates among Canadian adults, living in Ontario, by religion. It appears that religious traditions of prohibition and abstention do hold sway among Canadian adults for some religious groups.
Disparities in drinking patterns and risks among ethnic majority and minority groups in China: The roles of acculturation, religion, family and friends.
Venue: Drug and alcohol dependence

Studies investigating alcohol consumption related factors have rarely focused on the relationship between acculturation, religion and drinking patterns. The objective of this study is to explore the predictors of drinking patterns and their mutual relationships, especially acculturation, ethnicity and religion.  A cross sectional household survey using a multistage systematic sampling technique was conducted in Yunnan Province of China. A revised Vancouver Index of Acculturation (VIA) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) Chinese version were used to measure acculturation and drinking patterns. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore the structures of how predictors affect drinking patterns.  A total of 977 subjects aged 12 35 years were surveyed. A higher percentage of binge drinking was found among Lisu people. However, the proportion of drinking until intoxication was highest among Han. Gender and enculturation had both direct (standardized b= 0.193, 0.079) and indirect effects (standardized b= 0.126, 0.033) on risky drinking pattern; perceived risk of alcohol consumption 0.065) family drinking environment (0.061) and friend drinking environment (0.352) affected risky drinking pattern directly, while education level (0.066) ethnicity 0.038) acculturation (0.012) religious belief 0.038) and age group (0.088) had indirect effects.  Risky drinking pattern was associated with gender and aboriginal culture enculturation both directly and indirectly, and related to mainstream culture acculturation and religious belief indirectly. Other demographic (such as education level) and social family factors (friend drinking environment for example) also had effects on risky drinking pattern.
Co circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS CoVs in Saudi Arabia
Venue: Science

Coronaviruses in the Middle East Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) causes severe acute respiratory illness and kills about a third of people infected. The virus is common in dromedary camels, which can be a source of human infections. In a survey for MERSCoV in over 1300 Saudi Arabian camels, Sabir et al. found that dromedaries share three coronavirus species with humans. Diverse MERS lineages in camels have caused human infections, which suggests that transfer among host species occurs quite easily. Haagmans et al. made a MERS CoV vaccine for use in camels, using poxvirus as a vehicle. The vaccine significantly reduced virus excretion, which should help reduce the potential for transmission to humans, and conferred cross immunity to camelpox infections. Science, this issue p. 81, p. 77 Several camel coronaviruses occur in the Middle East, and a recombinant lineage is linked to the recent human outbreaks of MERS. Outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) raise questions about the prevalence and evolution of the MERS coronavirus (CoV) in its animal reservoir. Our surveillance in Saudi Arabia in 2014 and 2015 showed that viruses of the MERS CoV species and a human CoV 229E related lineage co circulated at high prevalence, with frequent co infections in the upper respiratory tract of dromedary camels. viruses of the betacoronavirus 1 species, we found that dromedary camels share three CoV species with humans. Several MERS CoV lineages were present in camels, including a recombinant lineage that has been dominant since December 2014 and that subsequently led to the human outbreaks in 2015. Camels therefore serve as an important reservoir for the maintenance and diversification of the MERS CoVs and are the source of human infections with this virus.
Pseudo Cores: The Terminus of an Intelligent Viral Meme's Trajectory
Venue: CompleNet

Comprehending the virality of a meme can help us in addressing the problems pertaining to disciplines like epidemiology and digital marketing. Therefore, it is not surprising that memetics remains a highly analyzed research topic ever since the mid 1990s. Some scientists choose to investigate the intrinsic contagiousness of a meme while others study the problem from a network theory perspective. In this paper, we revisit the idea of a core periphery structure and apply it to understand the trajectory of a viral meme in a social network. We have proposed shell based hill climbing algorithms to determine the path from a periphery shell(where the meme originates) to the core of the network. Further simulations and analysis on the networks behavioral characteristics helped us unearth specialized shells which we term Pseudo Cores. These shells emulate the behavior of the core in terms of size of the cascade triggered. In our experiments, we have considered two sets for the target nodes, one being core and the other being any of the pseudo core. We compare our algorithms against already existing path finding algorithms and validate the better performance experimentally.
All American A Sportswear Tradition

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Additive Manufacturing of High Entropy Alloys by Laser Processing

This contribution concentrates on the possibilities of additive manufacturing of high entropy clad layers by laser processing. In particular, the effects of the laser surface processing parameters on the microstructure and hardness of high entropy alloys (HEAs) were examined. AlCoCrFeNi alloys with different amounts of aluminum prepared by arc melting were investigated and compared with the laser beam remelted HEAs with the same composition. Attempts to form HEAs coatings with a direct laser deposition from the mixture of elemental powders were made for AlCoCrFeNi and AlCrFeNiTa composition. A strong influence of solidification rate on the amounts of face centered cubic and body centered cubic phase, their chemical composition, and spatial distribution was detected for two phase AlCoCrFeNi HEAs. It is concluded that a high power laser is a versatile tool to synthesize interesting HEAs with additive manufacturing processing. Critical issues are related to the rate of (re)solidification, the dilution with the substrate, powder efficiency during cladding, and differences in melting points of clad powders making additive manufacturing processing from a simple mixture of elemental powders a challenging approach.
RCS Numerical Simulation of Stealth Modified Three Surface Aircraft

The RCS characteristics of stealth modified three surface aircraft are analyzed in this paper. Prototype A is built with CATIA software and the three dimensional digital models of modified stealth three surface B and C are also designed based on carrier based aircraft Su 33; the numerical simulation of RCS characteristics of three surface aircraft is conducted with RCSAnsys software based on physical optics method and the method of equivalent currents; The following results are obtained by comparative analysis and mathematical statistics: (1) by the use of physical optics method and equivalent electromagnetic current method, the scattering intensity for each part of the model and RCS characteristic of the aircraft can be analyzed efficiently and accurately; (2) compared with model A, the mean RCS value of model B is reduced to 14.1% in forward direction and 48.1% in lateral direction; (3) compared with model A, the mean RCS value of model C decreases to 11.4% in forward direction and 21.6% in lateral direction. The results are expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support to the conceptual design of aircraft and stealth technology research.
Selective Catalytic Synthesis Using the Combination of Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen: Catalytic Chess at the Interface of Energy and Chemistry.
Venue: Angewandte Chemie

The present Review highlights the challenges and opportunities when using the combination CO2 /H2 as a C1 synthon in catalytic reactions and processes. The transformations are classified according to the reduction level and the bond forming processes, covering the value chain from high volume basic chemicals to complex molecules, including biologically active substances. Whereas some of these concepts can facilitate the transition of the energy system by harvesting renewable energy into chemical products, others provide options to reduce the environmental impact of chemical production already in today's petrochemical based industry. Interdisciplinary fundamental research from chemists and chemical engineers can make important contributions to sustainable development at the interface of the energetic and chemical value chain. The present Review invites the reader to enjoy this exciting area of "catalytic chess" and maybe even to start playing some games in her or his laboratory.
TorchCraft: a Library for Machine Learning Research on Real Time Strategy Games
Venue: ArXiv

We present TorchCraft, a library that enables deep learning research on Real Time Strategy (RTS) games such as StarCraft: Brood War, by making it easier to control these games from a machine learning framework, here Torch [9] This white paper argues for using RTS games as a benchmark for AI research, and describes the design and components of TorchCraft.
A survey of routing protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: Hierarchical routing
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the most developing areas in many factors like environment wildlife monitoring, security military surveillance, healthcare and many more. Also, routing protocols play a very important part in terms of efficiency in WSNs. Due to limitations of unreliable low power links and resources between the sensor nodes; design of an efficient routing protocol is a difficult problem. This paper has surveyed about Routing Techniques and basically about Hierarchical based routing with its protocols like LEACH, TEEN, PEGASIS, SEP and DEEC. And then finally their comparative study is provided.
EVIDENCE OF AN 'END OF HISTORY ILLUSION' IN THE WORK MOTIVATIONS OF PUBLIC SERVICE PROFESSIONALS

The 'end of history illusion' refers to the tendency of people to underestimate change in their future values and preferences. Could this cognitive bias apply to the work motivations of those in public service? To examine this question, a sample of public service professionals was asked about their current work motivations and then randomized to be 'reporters' who recalled their work motivations 10 years ago, and 'predictors' who forecast their work motivations 10 years from now. Predictors expected much less change in their work motivations over time than reporters actually experienced. Specifically, predictors underestimated the importance of helping others and of working independently, and they overestimated the importance of income. Thus, public service professionals, who are often assumed to have unique prosocial motivations, seem to be subject to an 'end of history illusion' when making decisions about what job characteristics will matter to them over the course of their careers.
A Designer AAV Variant Permits Efficient Retrograde Access to Projection Neurons
Venue: Neuron

Efficient retrograde access to projection neurons for the delivery of sensors and effectors constitutes an important and enabling capability for neural circuit dissection. Such an approach would also be useful for gene therapy, including the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by pathological spread through functionally connected and highly distributed networks. Viral vectors, in particular, are powerful gene delivery vehicles for the nervous system, but all available tools suffer from inefficient retrograde transport or limited clinical potential. To address this need, we applied in vivo directed evolution to engineer potent retrograde functionality into the capsid of adeno associated virus (AAV) a vector that has shown promise in neuroscience research and the clinic. A newly evolved variant, rAAV2 retro, permits robust retrograde access to projection neurons with efficiency comparable to classical synthetic retrograde tracers and enables sufficient sensor/effector expression for functional circuit interrogation and in vivo genome editing in targeted neuronal populations.
b cell mimetic designer cells provide closed loop glycemic control
Venue: Science

Engineering cells to regulate glucose Diabetes mellitus affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Blood glucose levels are chronically deregulated in diabetics, and this can lead to many serious disorders, including cardiovascular disease and renal failure. Xie et al. engineered a synthetic circuit into human cells that can sense the glucose concentration and respond to correct deregulation. Implants containing designer cells improved glucose regulation in diabetic mice. Science, this issue p. 1296 A synthetic circuit provides effective glucose regulation by designer mammalian cells in diabetic mice. Chronically deregulated blood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus result from a loss of pancreatic insulin producing b cells (type 1 diabetes, T1D) or from impaired insulin sensitivity of body cells and glucose stimulated insulin release (type 2 diabetes, T2D) Here, we show that therapeutically applicable b cell mimetic designer cells can be established by minimal engineering of human cells. We achieved glucose responsiveness by a synthetic circuit that couples glycolysis mediated calcium entry to an excitation transcription system controlling therapeutic transgene expression. Implanted circuit carrying cells corrected insulin deficiency and self sufficiently abolished persistent hyperglycemia in T1D mice. Similarly, glucose inducible glucagon like peptide 1 transcription improved endogenous glucose stimulated insulin release and glucose tolerance in T2D mice. These systems may enable a combination of diagnosis and treatment for diabetes mellitus therapy.
Le commerce informel evolution des approches dans le temps et dans l'espace

Depuis la naissance du terme informel au debut des annees 1970, des travaux, issus essentiellement de l'economie, mais egalement de la sociologie et de l'anthropologie ont etudie le commerce informel dans ce qui etait alors appele les pays du Tiers Monde puis les pays en voie de developpement La geographie s'est, quant a elle, interessee principalement a l'expression visible du commerce informel, c'est a dire au commerce de rue ou ambulant au travers d'etudes souvent monographiques et empiriques. Plus recemment, des analyses ont renouvele ces travaux dans le cadre des transformations urbaines contemporaines en abordant les effets des politiques patrimoniales, neo modernistes et neo liberales sur le commerce de rue dans les centres, ainsi que les effets de la metropolisation sur le commerce et sur les consommateurs. Enfin, de rares etudes ont ete menees sur les liens entre commerce informel, mondialisation et NTIC.
The adiabatic limit of the exact factorization of the electron nuclear wave function.
Venue: The Journal of chemical physics

We propose a procedure to analyze the relation between the exact factorization of the electron nuclear wave function and the Born Oppenheimer approximation. We define the adiabatic limit as the limit of infinite nuclear mass. To this end, we introduce a unit system that singles out the dependence on the electron nuclear mass ratio of each term appearing in the equations of the exact factorization. We observe how non adiabatic effects induced by the coupling to the nuclear motion affect electronic properties and we analyze the leading term, connecting it to the classical nuclear momentum. Its dependence on the mass ratio is tested numerically on a model of proton coupled electron transfer in different non adiabatic regimes.
Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids and their Link with Diet and Human Health
Venue: Front. Microbiol.

The colon is inhabited by a dense population of microorganisms, the so called "gut microbiota," able to ferment carbohydrates and proteins that escape absorption in the small intestine during digestion. This microbiota produces a wide range of metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA) These compounds are absorbed in the large bowel and are defined as 1 6 carbon volatile fatty acids which can present straight or branched chain conformation. Their production is influenced by the pattern of food intake and diet mediated changes in the gut microbiota. SCFA have distinct physiological effects: they contribute to shaping the gut environment, influence the physiology of the colon, they can be used as energy sources by host cells and the intestinal microbiota and they also participate in different host signaling mechanisms. We summarize the current knowledge about the production of SCFA, including bacterial cross feedings interactions, and the biological properties of these metabolites with impact on the human health.
Relationship between the cortisol levels in umbilical cord blood and neonatal RDS/TTN in twin pregnancies
Venue: The journal of maternal fetal neonatal medicine the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians

Twin neonates have a higher risk of respiratory complications, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) than singleton neonates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cortisol levels in the umbilical cord and neonatal RDS/TTN in twin pregnancies.  We analyzed data obtained from 106 neonates (53 twin pairs) comprising 33 dichorionic twin (DCT) and 20 monochorionic twin (MCT) gestations. All infants were delivered via scheduled cesarean section without labor. We measured the cortisol levels in umbilical vein blood using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.  The cortisol levels in the umbilical vein were significantly lower in the RDS/TTN group than in the no RDS/TTN group (p 0.004) The umbilical cortisol levels in the TTN group were between the values observed in the RDS group and no RDS/TTN group. We subsequently analyzed the cut off cortisol values for RDS/TTN and observed higher accuracy in the DCTs than in the MCTs.  Neonates who develop RDS/TTN have significantly lower cortisol levels in the umbilical cord at birth than no RDS/TTN neonates in twin pregnancies. When applying these data in clinical practice, physicians should pay attention to differences based on chorionicity.