nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Driving anger as a psychological construct: Twenty years of research using the Driving Anger Scale

It has been two decades since Deffenbacher, Oetting, and Lynch (1994) published their paper introducing the construct of driving anger. Since this time the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) has been adopted by a large number of transportation researchers and is the scale most commonly used to measure trait driving anger. Drivers high in trait driving anger tend to experience anger more often and more intensely when driving than those low in trait driving anger. In this paper we provide a broad overview of some of the leading research on driving anger conducted over the past 20 years. We intertwine the body of work by Deffenbacher and colleagues undertaken over the past years with research drawn from New Zealand, Malaysia, Turkey, Spain, Ireland, Japan, Ukraine, France, UK, China, Finland, The Netherlands and Ukraine. This article summarises the results regarding the validity and stability of the latent constructs underlying the measure of driving anger, along with the similarities and differences in the patterns of findings made. In particular we focus on the situations and driver characteristics, such as age and gender that trigger anger. This manuscript discusses the potential detrimental consequences of this anger and the factors that mediate the two. We conclude that the construct of driving anger is robust across a diverse range of drivers. However, while the DAS is a valuable tool in identifying drivers prone to anger, and subsequently higher risk of aggressive behaviour, we introduce some potential shortfalls of the current scale in the modern driving climate. In doing this, we present to the research community potential avenues for further development of the driving anger construct.
Dietary intake and food contributors of polyphenols in adults and elderly adults of Sao Paulo: a population based study
Venue: British Journal of Nutrition

A comprehensive estimation of polyphenol intake is needed to gain a better understanding of the association between polyphenol rich food intake and the potential effects of this intake on chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to estimate the intake of polyphenols and the major dietary contributors in the population of Sao Paulo. Data were obtained from the Health Survey Sao Paulo (ISA Capital 2008) and were reported for 1103 adults and elderly adults. Food intake was estimated by one 24 h dietary recall (24HR) Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching food consumption data from the 24HR with the polyphenol content in foods listed in the Phenol Explorer database. The mean total intake of polyphenols was 377*5 (se 15*3) mg/d. The main polyphenol classes were phenolic acids (284*8 (se 15*9) mg/d) and flavonoids (54*6 (se 3*5) mg/d) Intakes were higher in the elderly adults than in other adults (P<0*001) and higher in individuals with lower educational level (P=0*01) and current smokers (P=0*02) The main dietary contributors for total polyphenols were coffee (70*5 citrus fruits (4*6 and tropical fruits (3*4 Coffee was the major source of polyphenols, providing 266*2 (se 16*5) mg/d, and contributed 92*3 of the phenolic acids and 93*1 of the alkylmethoxyphenols. These findings will be useful for assessing the potential role on health of polyphenols and specific polyphenol rich foods, such as coffee, and enable a comparison with people from other countries.
Longitudinal association of dentition status with dietary intake in Japanese adults aged 75 to 80 years.
Venue: Journal of oral rehabilitation

Limited information is available on the temporal association between dentition status and dietary intake. The aim of this 5 year prospective cohort study was to investigate whether impaired dentition was associated with subsequent decline in dietary intake in older Japanese adults. Two hundred and eighty six community dwelling Japanese individuals, all aged 75 years at baseline, were included in the study. Functional tooth units (FTUs) defined as a pair of opposing natural or prosthetic teeth excluding third molars (range: 0 14) were counted on the basis of baseline dental examinations. Individuals with =5 FTUs were defined as having impaired dentition. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and 5 years later, using a validated dietary questionnaire. Robust regression analyses were used to evaluate the differences in change in dietary intake between participants with and without impaired functional dentition, after adjustment for potential confounders. Sixty one study participants (21*3 were defined as having impaired dentition. Overall, mean values for all estimated dietary variables (energy, nutrients and food groups) declined over time. Notably, individuals with impaired dentition demonstrated a significantly (P 0*05) greater degree of decline in the intake of multiple nutrients (protein, sodium, potassium, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin E and dietary fibre) and food groups (vegetable and meat) than those without impaired dentition, after adjusting for potential confounders. The results of this study describe the temporal association of impaired dentition with the decline in selected nutrient and food group intake among older Japanese adults.
Animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy following systemic chemoconvulsant administration
Venue: Journal of Neuroscience Methods

In order to understand the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and thus to develop new pharmacological treatments, in vivo animal models that present features similar to those seen in TLE patients have been developed during the last four decades. Some of these models are based on the systemic administration of chemoconvulsants to induce an initial precipitating injury (status epilepticus) that is followed by the appearance of recurrent seizures originating from limbic structures. In this paper we will review two chemically induced TLE models, namely the kainic acid and pilocarpine models, which have been widely employed in basic epilepsy research. Specifically, we will take into consideration their behavioral, electroencephalographic and neuropathologic features. We will also evaluate the response of these models to anti epileptic drugs and the impact they might have in developing new treatments for TLE.
Interictal epileptiform discharges induce hippocampal cortical coupling in temporal lobe epilepsy
Venue: Nature Medicine

Interactions between the hippocampus and the cortex are critical for memory. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) identify epileptic brain regions and can impair memory, but the mechanisms by which they interact with physiological patterns of network activity are mostly undefined. We show in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy that spontaneous hippocampal IEDs correlate with impaired memory consolidation, and that they are precisely coordinated with spindle oscillations in the prefrontal cortex during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. This coordination surpasses the normal physiological ripple spindle coupling and is accompanied by decreased ripple occurrence. IEDs also induce spindles during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness behavioral states that do not naturally express these oscillations by generating a cortical 'down' state. In a pilot clinical examination of four subjects with focal epilepsy, we confirm a similar correlation of temporofrontal IEDs with spindles over anatomically restricted cortical regions. These findings imply that IEDs may impair memory via the misappropriation of physiological mechanisms for hippocampal cortical coupling, which suggests a target for the treatment of memory impairment in epilepsy.
Crucial role of astrocytes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Venue: Neuroscience

Astrocytes sense and respond to synaptic activity through activation of different neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. Astrocytes are also coupled by gap junctions, which allow these cells to redistribute through the glial network the K( ions excessively accumulated at sites of intense neuronal activity. Work over the past two decades has revealed important roles for astrocytes in brain physiology, and it is therefore not surprising that recent studies unveiled their involvement in the etiology of neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Investigation of specimens from patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy and epilepsy models revealed alterations in expression, localization and function of astrocytic connexins, K( and water channels. In addition, disturbed gliotransmission as well as malfunction of glutamate transporters and of the astrocytic glutamate and adenosine converting enzymes glutamine synthetase and adenosine kinase, respectively have been observed in epileptic tissues. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that dysfunctional astrocytes are crucially involved in processes leading to epilepsy. These new insights might foster the search for new targets for the development of new, more efficient anti epileptogenic therapies.
[Quality of life of patients with prostate cancer under androgen deprivation with GnRH analogues: Results of the noninterventional study TRIPTOSIX]
Venue: Der Urologe. Ausg. A

In Germany, data on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) under therapy with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are limited.  Androgen deprivation (ADT) is a palliative therapy for patients with advanced PCa, which is given over long periods and usually continued in combination with other therapies even after progression of the disease. The present study aimed to assess prospectively (over 1 year) different aspects of patients' QoL therapy with triptorelin in daily practice.  This prospective, noninterventional study at 129 centers in Germany included 608 patients with advanced PCa treated with triptorelin. Quality of life was assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months, using validated EORTC QLQ C30 and QLQ PR25 questionnaires. Predefined subgroup analyses were performed to assess the impact of demographics, anamnestic and clinical parameters on QoL.  The majority of patients with PCa under therapy with triptorelin showed generally stable global QoL over 1 year; approximately one quarters of the patients had a clinically relevant improvement of their global QoL. In patients without previous PCa therapy and GnRH analogue treatment, significant improvements in global QoL were seen. At the same time, these patients also reported increased treatment related symptoms. These data indicate that the perception of global QoL is not only influenced by subjective impairment through ADT related side effects.
Structural changes in a Schiff base molecular assembly initiated by scanning tunneling microscopy tip.
Venue: Nanotechnology

We report the controlled self organization and switching of newly designed Schiff base (E) 4 (4 (phenylethynyl) benzylidene) amino) benzenethiol (EPBB) molecules on a Au (111) surface at room temperature. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) were used to image and analyze the conformational changes of the EPBB molecules. The conformational change of the molecules was induced by using the STM tip while increasing the tunneling current. The switching of a domain or island of molecules was shown to be induced by the STM tip during scanning. Unambiguous fingerprints of the switching mechanism were observed via STM/STS measurements. Surface enhanced Raman scattering was employed, to control and identify quantitatively the switching mechanism of molecules in a monolayer. Density functional theory calculations were also performed in order to understand the microscopic details of the switching mechanism. These calculations revealed that the molecular switching behavior stemmed from the strong interaction of the EPBB molecules with the STM tip. Our approach to controlling intermolecular mechanics provides a path towards the bottom up assembly of more sophisticated molecular machines.
Multiple sources: The pXRF analysis of obsidian from Kenan Tepe, S.E. Turkey

Obsidian is often seen as a proxy for exchange and networking even though the relationship between these elements can be somewhat indirect. Nevertheless, recent studies which involve the provenance analysis of a large number of artefacts from a single site have opened up a number of avenues which are simply not visible when only a small number of artefacts can be provenanced. In this paper, after evaluating the efficacy of our pXRF protocol for the provenancing of large numbers of obsidian artefacts, we go on to use the data set we generated from Kenan Tepe, in SE Turkey, to discuss the wide range of sources present including the hitherto poorly understood Group 3d. Our integrated study of the techno morphological and contextual aspects of the artefacts alongside the provenance analysis also allows us to track the use of obsidian through time and to profile the use of individual sources.
Kenan Primary Care Medical Scholars Program
Venue: North Carolina Medical Journal

Adequate staffing of primary care physicians in rural communities is a national dilemma one that we are also confronting in North Carolina and this shortage is a serious barrier to health care. While North Carolina has slowly increased its overall supply of physicians, these increases are not seen in underserved rural counties. North Carolina retains about 40% of medical students educated in the state, but only 2% go into primary care in North Carolina's underserved rural counties  Rural track models in medical education programs have shown an increase in the supply of primary care physicians in rural practice [2, 3] National and state data support the use of a similar type of rural medical education program in North Carolina. In 2013, the William R. Kenan, Jr. Charitable Trust along with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine (UNC SOM) and the Mountain Area Health Education Center (MAHEC) in Asheville collaborated to create the Kenan Primary Care Medical Scholars Program. The Kenan program seeks to increase the number of UNC SOM students seeking rural health careers in North Carolina, while providing enrichment experiences and financial support to sustain their decision to choose a rural primary care specialty. Students are identified during their 1st year of medical school and are encouraged to apply to the program, which includes the opportunity to participate in a 6 week summer internship in rural Western North Carolina. Selected rural scholars are located at various clinical sites and matched with a rural physician who specializes in a.
Continuous multi biometric user authentication fusion of face recognition and keystoke dynamics
Venue: 2016 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10 HTC)

Several application scenarios require the user to be authenticated not only at the time of logging in to a device, but continuously, such as a mobile device being used for an extended period of time, or examinees attempting for an online test. In this paper, two widely used unimodal biometric systems, which can both easily be captured on modern computing devices, keystroke dynamics and face recognition, are fused to create a stronger multi biometric system for continuous authentication. The matching score for keystroke dynamics system is obtained using nearest neighbor classification (combined distance) and for the face recognition system, the EigenFace approach is used. The fusion of matching scores obtained by these unimodal biometric systems at the score level improves the accuracy. Scores obtained from each individual biometric system on the CMU keystroke dynamics database and the ORL face database is normalized using min max normalization before fusion. The sum, product and weighted sum rules have been used for fusion and the experimental results confirm that a multi factor authentication system gives better accuracy than a single factor authentication system. The experiments also indicate that the weighted sum rule outperforms the sum and product rule method.
Baseline Patient Characteristics Predicting Outcome and Attrition in Cognitive Therapy for Social Phobia: Results from a Large Multicentre Trial.
Venue: Clinical psychology psychotherapy

We examined the role of baseline patient characteristics as predictors of outcome (end state functioning, response and remission) and attrition for cognitive therapy (CT) in social anxiety disorder (SAD) Beyond socio demographic and clinical variables such as symptom severity and comorbidity status, previously neglected patient characteristics (e.g. personality, self esteem, shame, interpersonal problems and attachment style) were analysed.  Data came from the CT arm of a multicentre RCT with n 244 patients having DSM IV SAD. CT was conducted according to the manual by Clark and Wells. Severity of SAD was assessed at baseline and end of treatment with the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) Multiple linear regression analyses and logistic regression analyses were applied.  Up to 37% of the post treatment variance (LSAS) could be explained by all pre treatment variables combined. Symptom severity (baseline LSAS) was consistently negatively associated with end state functioning and remission, but not with response. Number of comorbid diagnoses was negatively associated with end state functioning and response, but not with remission. Self esteem was positively associated with higher end state functioning and more shame with better response. Attrition could not be significantly predicted.  The results indicate that the initial probability for treatment success mainly depends on severity of disorder and comorbid conditions while other psychological variables are of minor importance, at least on a nomothetic level. This stands in contrast with efforts to arrive at an empirical based foundation for differential indication and argues to search for more potent moderators of therapeutic change rather on the process level. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Personality, self esteem, shame, attachment style and interpersonal problems do not or only marginally moderate the effects of interventions in CT of social phobia. Symptom severity and comorbid diagnoses might affect treatment outcome negatively. Beyond these two factors, most patients share a similar likelihood of treatment success when treated according to the manual by Clark and Wells.
A single atom heat engine
Venue: Science

Making a teeny tiny engine Steam locomotives, cars, and the drinking bird toy all convert heat into useful work as it cycles between two reservoirs at different temperatures. Usually, the working substance where the heat work conversion occurs is a liquid or a gas, consisting of many molecules. Robnagel et al. have made a working substance of a single calcium ion in a tapered ion trap. A laser cooling beam plays the part of a cold reservoir for the calcium ion, and in turn, electric field noise acts as a hot reservoir. Science, this issue p. 325 A calcium ion held in a tapered trap is used as the working substance of a tiny thermodynamic engine. Heat engines convert thermal energy into mechanical work and generally involve a large number of particles. We report the experimental realization of a single atom heat engine. An ion is confined in a linear Paul trap with tapered geometry and driven thermally by coupling it alternately to hot and cold reservoirs. The output power of the engine is used to drive a harmonic oscillation. From direct measurements of the ion dynamics, we were able to determine the thermodynamic cycles for various temperature differences of the reservoirs. We then used these cycles to evaluate the power P and efficiency e of the engine, obtaining values up to P 3.4 x 10 22 joules per second and e 0.28% consistent with analytical estimations. Our results demonstrate that thermal machines can be reduced to the limit of single atoms.
Microscale characterization of the viscoelastic properties of hydrogel biomaterials using dual mode ultrasound elastography.
Venue: Biomaterials

Characterization of the microscale mechanical properties of biomaterials is a key challenge in the field of mechanobiology. Dual mode ultrasound elastography (DUE) uses high frequency focused ultrasound to induce compression in a sample, combined with interleaved ultrasound imaging to measure the resulting deformation. This technique can be used to non invasively perform creep testing on hydrogel biomaterials to characterize their viscoelastic properties. DUE was applied to a range of hydrogel constructs consisting of either hydroxyapatite (HA) doped agarose, HA collagen, HA fibrin, or preosteoblast seeded collagen constructs. DUE provided spatial and temporal mapping of local and bulk displacements and strains at high resolution. Hydrogel materials exhibited characteristic creep behavior, and the maximum strain and residual strain were both material and concentration dependent. Burger's viscoelastic model was used to extract characteristic parameters describing material behavior. Increased protein concentration resulted in greater stiffness and viscosity, but did not affect the viscoelastic time constant of acellular constructs. Collagen constructs exhibited significantly higher modulus and viscosity than fibrin constructs. Cell seeded collagen constructs became stiffer with altered mechanical behavior as they developed over time. Importantly, DUE also provides insight into the spatial variation of viscoelastic properties at sub millimeter resolution, allowing interrogation of the interior of constructs. DUE presents a novel technique for non invasively characterizing hydrogel materials at the microscale, and therefore may have unique utility in the study of mechanobiology and the characterization of hydrogel biomaterials.
Stakeholder Agency and Social Welfare: Pluralism and Decision Making in the Multi Objective Corporation

Social welfare, or the good society, is of central concern to the Academy of Management. We begin by observing that, in theory and practice, social welfare appears to be a multifarious, multidimensional, pluralistic concept. In light of this, we develop an account of a multi objective corporation as a means for enabling a greater range of management decisions so as to permit more direct corporate engagement in the diverse goals of various stakeholders. In the course of doing this, we critique aspects of single objective theories of corporate function and argue that a key objection to multi objective views can be avoided. Our analysis is built on a stakeholder agency framework wherein corporate actions reflect the outcome of an intracorporate "marketplace." We suggest that improvements in social welfare are more likely when intracorporate markets among stakeholders can operate unconstrained by some single valued objective.