nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell structure, stiffness and permeability of freeze dried collagen scaffolds in dry and hydrated states.
Venue: Acta biomaterialia

UNLABELLED Scaffolds for tissue engineering applications should be highly permeable to support mass transfer requirements while providing a 3 D template for the encapsulated biological cells. High porosity and cell interconnectivity result in highly compliant scaffolds. Overstraining occurs easily with such compliant materials and can produce misleading results. In this paper, the cell structure of freeze dried collagen scaffolds, in both dry and hydrated states, was characterised using X ray tomography and 2 photon confocal microscopy respectively. Measurements have been made of the scaffold's Young's modulus using conventional mechanical testing and a customised see saw testing configuration. Specific permeability was measured under constant pressure gradient and compared with predictions. The collagen scaffolds investigated here have a coarse cell size ~100 150 mm) and extensive connectivity between adjacent cells ~10 30 mm) in both dry and hydrated states. The Young's modulus is very low, of the order of 10 kPa when dry and 1 kPa when hydrated. There is only a single previous study concerning the specific permeability of (hydrated) collagen scaffolds, despite its importance in nutrient diffusion, waste removal and cell migration. The experimentally measured value reported here (5 x 10( (10)m(2) is in good agreement with predictions based on Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation and broadly consistent with the Carman Kozeny empirical estimate. It is however about three orders of magnitude higher than the single previously reported value and this discrepancy is attributed at least partly to the high pressure gradient imposed in the previous study.  The high porosity and interconnectivity of tissue engineering scaffolds result in highly compliant structures (ie large deflections under low applied loads) Characterisation is essential if these scaffolds are to be systematically optimised. Scaffold overstraining during characterisation can lead to misleading results. In this study, the stiffness (in dry and hydrated states) and specific permeability of freeze dried collagen scaffolds have been measured using techniques customised for low stiffness structures. The scaffold cell structure is investigated using X ray computed tomography, which has been applied previously to visualise such materials, without extracting any structural parameters or simulating fluid flow. These are carried out in this work. 2 photon confocal microscopy is used for the first time to study the structure in hydrated state.
A unit cell structure with tunable Poisson's ratio from positive to negative

A novel unit cell structure with re entrant hollow skeleton was designed and its Poisson's ratio was studied using the finite element method (FEM) as a function of the geometric variables and the parent material Poisson's ratio. The simulation results showed that the Poisson's ratio of the unit cell structure is tunable over the full range of Poisson's ratio 1 to +0.5) by varying the geometric variables and parent material Poisson's ratio. Three types of samples with identical geometric variables were fabricated via 3D printing using three different materials, and their Poisson's ratios were measured and compared with the ones from FE simulation, and excellent agreement was found between the experimental results and FE simulation.
Cell nucleation in dominating formation of bimodal cell structure in polypropylene/polystyrene blend foams prepared via continuous extrusion with supercritical CO2

It is generally difficult to predict the cell structure foamed from a binary polymer blend compared to a single polymer, as many factors in polymer blends add to the complexity of the foaming process without easy control, such as blend morphology, blend viscosity, and solubility and diffusivity of the foaming agent, etc. In this study, polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blend foams with a bimodal cell structure were prepared by using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 in continuous extrusion. By comparison of the cell structure of blend foams before and after extraction, it was found that the large cells were mainly formed in PS phase, while the small ones were mostly formed in PP phase. A possible mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of the bimodal cell structure. It was believed that a prominent difference in cell nucleation in the two phases of the PP/PS blends was required for the formation of bimodal cell structure. The proposed mechanism was confirmed by further experimental results, which showed that the bimodal cell structure could be changed by altering the nucleation ability in PP phase and PS phase through changing experimental conditions, such as the content of scCO 2 and the pressure drop, or through applying a heterogeneous nucleating agent.
How Bacteria Subvert Animal Cell Structure and Function.
Venue: Annual review of cell and developmental biology

Bacterial pathogens encode a wide variety of effectors and toxins that hijack host cell structure and function. Of particular importance are virulence factors that target actin cytoskeleton dynamics critical for cell shape, stability, motility, phagocytosis, and division. In addition, many bacteria target organelles of the general secretory pathway (e.g. the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex) and recycling pathways (e.g. the endolysosomal system) to establish and maintain an intracellular replicative niche. Recent research on the biochemistry and structural biology of bacterial effector proteins and toxins has begun to shed light on the molecular underpinnings of these host pathogen interactions. This exciting work is revealing how pathogens gain control of the complex and dynamic host cellular environments, which impacts our understanding of microbial infectious disease, immunology, and human cell biology.
Fire Alarm Solutions Through the Convergence of Image Processing Technology and M2M

Recent advances have been made in technology of sensor devices. Accordingly, the size of devices has been miniaturized, to which diverse functions can be applied. On top of that, the devices use image processing technology to observe circumstances of users' living spaces and detect risk situations saved in database. In case of detecting risk situations, M2M environment is constructed so that the information can be delivered to other communication devices to immediately raise an alarm. This paper aims to introduce solutions that construct M2M environment by using color detection algorithm of OpenCV and Raspberry Pi, raise an alarm to users in case of fire, and provide information on follow up measures for it.
Climbing and Falling Off the Ladder: Asset Pricing Implications of Labor Market Event Risk

This paper proposes state dependent, idiosyncratic tail risk as a key driver of asset prices. I provide new evidence on the importance of tail events in explaining the shape of the idiosyncratic distribution of income growth rates and its evolution over time. I then formalize its role within a tractable affine, jump diffusion asset pricing framework with recursive preferences, heterogeneous agents and incomplete markets, making my results immediately applicable to a wide class of existing models for aggregate dynamics. Next, I demonstrate its importance using a calibrated model in which agents are exposed to a time varying probability of experiencing a rare, idiosyncratic disaster. The model, whose parameters are disciplined by the data, matches the level and dynamics of the equity premium. Empirically, stock returns are highly informative about labor market event risk, and, consistent with the model's predictions, initial claims for unemployment, a proxy for labor market uncertainty, is a highly robust predictor of returns.
Latino Ethnic Consciousness The Case Of Mexican Americans And Puerto Ricans In Chicago

Thank you very much for downloading latino ethnic consciousness the case of mexican americans and puerto ricans in chicago. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this latino ethnic consciousness the case of mexican americans and puerto ricans in chicago, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.
A front to back guide to writing a qualitative research article

This paper offers junior scholars a front to back guide to writing an academic, theoretically positioned, qualitative research article in the social sciences. The paper draws on formal (published) advice from books and articles as well as informal (word of mouth) advice from senior scholars. Most qualitative research articles can be divided into four major parts: the frontend, the methods, the findings, and the backend. This paper offers step by step instructions for writing each of these four parts. Much of the advice in this paper is taken for granted wisdom among senior scholars. This article makes such wisdom available to junior scholars in a concise guide.
Formulating the Right Title for a Research Article.
Venue: The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India

Title is an important part of the article. It condenses article content in a few words and captures readers' attention. A good title for a research article is the one which, on its own, is able to introduce the research work to the fullest extent, but in a concise manner. Writing scientific titles that are informative and attractive is a challenging task. This communication describes the importance of titles and the methods of creating appropriate titles for research papers.
Attribution of symbolic brand meaning: the interplay of consumers, brands and reference groups

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role played by both, self brand connection and reference groups, in attributing symbolic meaning to a brand. Current studies focus either on the influence of reference groups or on the role of self brand connection. We demonstrate that both interact in attributing symbolic meaning. To explain interactions between the consumer, the brand and the reference groups, we draw on Heider's balance theory.  A questionnaire was developed which included scales on self brand connection, reference group belonging and symbolic brand meaning. Data were collected through an online survey and analyzed with factor analyses, analyses of variance and correlation analyses.  Our findings suggest that consumers may alter their beliefs about a brand depending on both, their self brand connection and the influence of reference groups. If a consumer feels a strong connection with a brand and this brand is used by a dissociative reference g.
Your ethnic model speaks to the culturally connected: Differential effects of model ethnicity in advertisements and the role of cultural self construal

This paper examines self construal and consumer self referencing as a mechanism for explaining ethnicity effects in advertising. Data were collected from a 2 (participant ethnicity: Turkish versus Kurdish) x 2 (model ethnicity: Turkish versus Kurdish) x 2 (self construal: independent versus interdependent) experiment. Results show that (i) individuals with interdependent self construal display more positive evaluations towards an in group ethnic ad model than do individuals with independent self construal; (ii) ethnic minority individuals (Kurdish people) self referenced more advertising portrayals of models of a similar ethnicity than models of a different ethnicity, as did ethnic majority individuals (Turkish people) (iii) ethnic minority individuals who experienced high levels of self referencing exhibited more favourable attitude towards the advertisement, attitude towards the brand and a higher purchase intention than ethnic minority individuals who experienced low levels of self referencing; and (iv) self referencing is found to partially mediate the relationship between culturally constructed self concept (self construal) and ethnicity on consumer evaluations for interdependent subjects. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Kros mediinii kharakter diial'nosti <The New York Times> geneza ta suchasnii stan

The systematic analysis convergent media resource <The New York Times> is proposed. The modern aspects of the publication and the factors that have historically influenced the system of cross media content production practices and interaction with the audience and advertisers are considered.  Media practice <The New York Times> corresponding to the modern understanding of the cross media system is the interesting phenomenon for scientific knowledge. This process is in a permanent state of transformation as the factor in the creation and distribution of media trends and a shining example of a holistic vision for the development of media activity. Novelty. It is for the first time that the systematic analysis of the traditions of the introduction of crossmedia technologies in the publishing process is undertaken. The practical significance. The results of the investigation can be used for further study of crossmedia systems.
Study on evolution characteristics of air traffic situation complexity based on complex network theory

This study proposed a new method to describe air traffic situations based on the theory of complex networks and elaborate its evolutionary laws, expecting to reveal the basic characteristics of air traffic complexity. Based on 2D complexity and 3D complexity, a double layer multistage dynamic network model was built and an air traffic complexity vector was proposed. The real flight data from four traffic control sectors were used to characterize statistically the evolution of air traffic situations. Results show that the complexity vector helps to describe the structural characteristics of air traffic situations and identify the evolutionary characteristics of different traffic situations. Based on k means, air traffic situations were classified into three complexity patterns. The frequency of occurrence, life cycle, and transition probability of complexity patterns were statistically calculated. Results show that the traffic situations of high altitude sectors bring more 2D complexity and less 3D complexity than those of low altitude sectors. In most cases, the four sectors belong to medium complexity or below, and a specific complexity pattern appears in a certain period with a specific probability. The life cycle of air traffic complexity patterns is usually on the order of seconds or minutes and differs slightly among patterns. Transition probabilities of patterns indicate that the air traffic situation is evolving stably on the whole, but will probably runs into severe change.
Intelligent Air Traffic Control using Neural Networks

The air traffic control systems used by airports, worldwide, are still depending on systems and algorithms which were developed almost forty years ago. Now the complexity of air traffic control has increased in complexity due to increase in aircrafts and airports. The complex decisions such as take off, landing etc. are carried out by human traffic controllers. The controllers depending on various parameters such as availability of runway, climate conditions etc. make the decision and such decisions are highly prone to errors. Safety is a major factor limiting the automation of existing air traffic control systems. This project deals with automation of existing air traffic control system using neural networks as a basis. Neural networks come's under artificial intelligence and has been found to be effective in many fields for making decisions such as in robotics, Medical field etc. Neural networks learn by exposure. The algorithm used is back propagation network for decision making. The network is trained using some predetermined inputs and later the network will be capable of making decisions of its own with minimal or zero error. MATLAB can be used for training the neural network.
Wave energy for electricity generation in Malaysia Merang shore, Terengganu

Malaysian government introduced Small Renewable Energy Power (SREP) Program in 2001. In this paper, it dis cussed the possibility to utilize ocean wave in Merang shore, Terengganu, Malaysia. Besides, this paper also discusses the current technologies have been used to convert wave energy to electricity. The work principle of the devices also present in this paper. After that, sea condition in Malaysia was explored to study the possibility of utilization of wave energy in Malaysia. Finally, It is found Merang shore is the idea location to utilize the wave energy in Malaysia. Mean wave height and mean wave period at the location are 0.95 meter and 3.5 second. Also, attenuator type wave converter developed by Wave Star was considered as one of the possible devices to install at the location. From the calculation, the research obtained that the total r ate of electrical power possible to grid is 649 MWh a year if only on e set of C5 Wave star device install at Merang shore, Terengganu.
Micro catalytic methane sensors based on 3D quartz structures with cone shaped cavities etched by high resolution abrasive sand blasting

A novel quartz based micro catalytic methane sensor with back etched cone shaped cavity was fabricated by high resolution abrasive sand blasting technique. Highly uniform micro cavities were easily and quickly achieved with a depth of 450 mm and a bottom diameter of 600 mm on a quartz substrate 500 mm thick, followed by screen printing porous alumina with a position accuracy of 10 mm and inkjet printing of co metal catalyst with loading quantity resolution of 4.75 ng. Compared with a bulk quartz substrate sensor, performance of the sensor fabricated by abrasive sand blasting is greatly improved with a lower thermal mass. The sensor's temperature distribution profile is more concentrated on target catalyst, power consumption decreases to 285 mW by 23% thermal response time decreases to 8.8 s by 79% and sensitivity to methane increases to 1.83 mV/ CH4 by 35% with a high correlation coefficient up to 0.9986. Moreover, this sensor demonstrates excellent resistance to mechanical shock at high working temperatures, significantly superior to conventional silicon based membrane sensors. This design of the high performance sensor, together with the simple and fast MEMS compatible fabrication process enables such catalytic sensors for mass production and combustible gas detecting in harsh environmental applications.
A Persona Based Neural Conversation Model
Venue: ACL

We present persona based models for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation. A speaker model encodes personas in distributed embeddings that capture individual characteristics such as background information and speaking style. A dyadic speaker addressee model captures properties of interactions between two interlocutors. Our models yield qualitative performance improvements in both perplexity and BLEU scores over baseline sequence to sequence models, with similar gains in speaker consistency as measured by human judges.
The Dream Is Over: The Crisis of Clark Kerr's California Idea of Higher Education

The Dream Is Over tells the extraordinary story of the 1960 Master Plan for Higher Education in California, created by visionary University of California President Clark Kerr and his contemporaries. The Master Plan's equality of opportunity policy brought college within reach of millions of American families for the first time and fashioned the world's leading system of public research universities. The California idea became the leading model for higher education across the world and has had great influence in the rapid growth of universities in China and East Asia. Yet, remarkably, the political conditions supporting the California idea in California itself have evaporated. Universal access is faltering, public tuition is rising, the great research universities face new challenges, and educational participation in California, once the national leader, lags far behind. Can the social values embodied in Kerr's vision be renewed? "The Dream Is Over is an outstanding contribution to the literature on higher education. It should be read not only by a large American audience of scholars, teachers, students, and policy makers, but also by a wider international audience interested in higher education, its successes, its shortcomings, and the policies that have driven both." JUDITH C. BROWN, Dean of the College of Arts and Humanities, Minerva, and former Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost at Wesleyan "The Dream is Over is a tour de force by Simon Marginson, whose scholarship is essential for understanding the role of higher education in society today. Through an archeology of the "Californian idea," Marginson analyzes the intellectual and political work that established the Master Plan and the University of California as the city of intellect. He shows how the California model influenced the design of higher education around the world and identifies the forces that have brought it to the brink of ruin. Marginson convincingly argues that higher education in the United States now contributes to the reproduction of social inequality but also provides practical suggestions for how to re charter the pact between higher education and society." DR. BRENDAN CANTWELL, Michigan State University and Coordinating Editor of Higher Education SIMON MARGINSON is Professor of International Higher Education at the Institute of Education, University College London, and Director of the ESRC/HEFCE Centre for Global Higher Education. He is also joint editor of the journal Higher Education.
Aspect Based Relational Sentiment Analysis Using a Stacked Neural Network Architecture
Venue: ECAI

Sentiment analysis can be regarded as a relation extraction problem in which the sentiment of some opinion holder towards a certain aspect of a product, theme or event needs to be extracted. We present a novel neural architecture for sentiment analysis as a relation extraction problem that addresses this problem by dividing it into three subtasks: i) identification of aspect and opinion terms, ii) labeling of opinion terms with a sentiment, and iii) extraction of relations between opinion terms and aspect terms. For each subtask, we propose a neural network based component and combine all of them into a complete system for relational sentiment analysis. The component for aspect and opinion term extraction is a hybrid architecture consisting of a recurrent neural network stacked on top of a convolutional neural network. This approach outperforms a standard convolutional deep neural architecture as well as a recurrent network architecture and performs competitively compared to other methods on two datasets of annotated customer reviews. To extract sentiments for individual opinion terms, we propose a recurrent architecture in combination with word distance features and achieve promising results, outperforming a majority baseline by 18% accuracy and providing the first results for the USAGE dataset. Our relation extraction component outperforms the current state of the art in aspect opinion relation extraction by 15% F Measure.
Nanomaterials in Preventive Dentistry

dental treatment necessary to maintain a healthy mouth. The two major causes of tooth loss are decay and gum disease. The better we prevent or deal with these two problems, the more chances people have in keeping their teeth for life. The combined efforts of the dentist, the hygienist and the patient, can help to prevent the need for treatment, and so to avoid the traditional pattern of fillings and extractions of teeth. Tooth cleaning and polishing and fluoride application are all part of prevention program. Preventive dentistry has a wide range of opportunities for studies [1, 5, 15, 16] There are interests in child dental health, geriatric dental health, fluoride and dental health, dental health services research, and dental labor force. Nanotechnology will change preventive dentistry and healthcare [7, 9, 10, 29, 30] Current work is focused on the recent developChapter 11