nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Structure of DSR Knowledge as Reflected by DESRIST A Citation Analysis (2009 2015)
Venue: DESRIST

The design science research DSR paradigm is now established and reco gnized within the information systems IS community. The members of the DSR community have a common language and shared perceptions. However, it remains to define what constitutes the fundamental issues, theories, applications, and the main findings in this area. In other words, how may the knowledge of the field be characterized? The aim of this paper is to determine and analyze the DSR body of knowledge, based on publications in the DESRIST conference. To this end, we perform a citation and co citation analysis of the papers published in this conference between 2009 and 2015. The co citation analysis leads to the identification of several clusters representing what we believe to be a good overview of the structure of the DSR body of knowledge. We contend that our findings will help researchers to identify DSR areas likely to lead to future research.
Cognitive Load Theory, Evolutionary Educational Psychology, and Instructional Design

Evolutionary educational psychology provides a framework for more fully understanding what we learn, how we learn, and informs us of the instructional procedures that should work in modern schools. Knowledge can be categorized into biologically primary knowledge that can be acquired automatically through natural activities such as play without explicit tuition and biologically secondary knowledge that needs to be taught explicitly. During secondary learning, human cognition constitutes a natural information processing system that has evolved to mimic the architecture of biological evolution. Cognitive load theory uses this architecture to generate a large range of instructional effects concerned with procedures for reducing extraneous working memory load in order to facilitate the acquisition of secondary knowledge in long term memory. This chapter reviews the evolutionary and cognitive bases of the theory and summarizes some of the instructional effects generated.
Planned Missing Data Designs in Educational Psychology Research

Although missing data are often viewed as a challenge for applied researchers, in fact missing data can be highly beneficial. Specifically, when the amount of missing data on specific variables is carefully controlled, a balance can be struck between statistical power and research costs. This article presents the issue of planned missing data by discussing specific designs (i.e. multiform designs, longitudinal wave missing designs, and 2 method measurement designs) introducing the power and cost benefits of such scenarios to applied education and educational psychology researchers.
Educational Psychology In The Classroom

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Evaluation of Xpert(r) MTB/RIF and Ustar EasyNAT(tm) TB IAD for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis of children in Tanzania: a prospective descriptive study
Venue: BMC Infectious Diseases

BackgroundFine needle aspiration biopsy has become a standard approach for diagnosis of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and Ustar EasyNAT TB IAD nucleic acid amplification assays, against acid fast bacilli microscopy, cytology and mycobacterial culture for the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis in children from a TB endemic setting in Tanzania.MethodsChildren of 8 weeks to 16 years of age, suspected of having TB lymphadenitis, were recruited at a district hospital in Tanzania. Fine needle aspirates of lymph nodes were analysed using acid fast bacilli microscopy, liquid TB culture, cytology, Xpert MTB/RIF and EasyNAT. Latent class analysis and comparison against a composite reference standard comprising "culture and/or cytology" was done, to assess the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF and EasyNAT for the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis.ResultsSeventy nine children were recruited; 4 were excluded from analysis. Against a composite reference standard of culture and/or cytology, Xpert MTB/RIF and EasyNAT had a sensitivity and specificity of 58 and 93 and 19 and 100 respectively. Relative to latent class definitions, cytology had a sensitivity of 100 and specificity of 94.7 .ConclusionsCombining clinical assessment, cytology and Xpert MTB/RIF may allow for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of childhood TB lymphadenitis. Larger diagnostic evaluation studies are recommended to validate these findings and on Xpert MTB/RIF to assess its use as a solitary initial test for TB lymphadenitis in children.
Diagnostic challenges in cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis: A review
Venue: Northern clinics of Istanbul

Tuberculosis is a very serious disease and incidence is once again on the rise. Lymph node tuberculosis is one of the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis. In differential diagnosis of chronic, painless cervical lymphadenopathy, cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis should be kept in mind. A high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis, which is known to mimic a number of pathological conditions. This article reviews epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic techniques for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Tuberculous Lymphadenitis and Parotitis.
Venue: Microbiology spectrum

Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of disseminated tuberculosis (TB) It is considered to be the local manifestation of the systemic disease that has disseminated to local lymph nodes, but a high index of suspicion is needed for the diagnosis, because there are several infectious and noninfectious diseases that can mimic the same clinical picture. In recent years, different diagnostic methods have been introduced, including fine needle aspiration cytology, which has emerged as a simple outpatient diagnostic procedure that replaced the complete excisional node biopsy, and a number of molecular methods which have greatly improved diagnostic accuracy. This chapter covers the most actual knowledge in terms of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment and emphasizes current trends in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. TB parotid gland involvement is extremely rare, even in countries in which TB is endemic. Because of the clinical similarity, parotid malignancy and other forms of parotid inflammatory disease always take priority over the rarely encountered TB parotitis when it comes to differential diagnosis. As a result, clinicians often fail to make a timely diagnosis of TB parotitis when facing a patient with a slowly growing parotid lump. This chapter highlights the most important features of this uncommon disease.
Usefulness of Microvascular Ultrasonography in Differentiating Metastatic Lymphadenopathy from Tuberculous Lymphadenitis.
Venue: Ultrasound in medicine biology

This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of vascular pattern analysis on microvascular ultrasonography in distinguishing metastatic lymphadenopathy from tuberculous lymphadenitis, compared with conventional power Doppler ultrasonography, and to evaluate inter observer agreement for microvascular ultrasonography. Thirty four patients with metastatic lymphadenopathy and 27 patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis were included. The level of inter observer agreement was excellent or good for all aspects of vascular pattern analysis on both ultrasonographic examinations. Vascular distribution, internal vascularity and internal vascular features of lymph nodes on microvascular ultrasonography differed significantly different (p 0.002) between metastatic lymphadenopathy and tuberculous lymphadenitis. A central vascular pattern with displacement was prevalent in metastasis, and an avascular pattern was more frequent in tuberculosis. Internal vascularity of metastasis was higher than that of tuberculosis. Vascular patterns on power Doppler ultrasonography did not differ significantly. Vascular pattern analysis using microvascular ultrasonography can be helpful in differentiating metastatic lymphadenopathy from tuberculous lymphadenitis with good inter observer agreement.
Are the Responses of the U.S. Economy Asymmetric to Positive and Negative Money Supply Shocks?

We investigate whether the United States economy responds asymmetrically to positive and negative money supply shocks of different magnitude, using a test recently introduced by Kilian and Vigfusson (Quant Econ 2:419 453, 2011) based on impulse response functions. We use quarterly data, over the period from 1967:1 to 2014:1, and the new CFS Divisia monetary aggregates, making a comparison among the narrower monetary aggregates, M1, M2M, MZM, M2, and ALL, and the broad monetary aggregates, M4+ M4 and M3. We show that there is no statistically significant evidence of asymmetry in the response of the U.S. economy to positive and negative money supply shocks of different magnitude.
RapID: A Framework for Fabricating Low Latency Interactive Objects with RFID Tags
Venue: CHI

RFID tags can be used to add inexpensive, wireless, batteryless sensing to objects. However, quickly and accurately estimating the state of an RFID tag is difficult. In this work, we show how to achieve low latency manipulation and movement sensing with off the shelf RFID tags and readers. Our approach couples a probabilistic filtering layer with a monte carlo sampling based interaction layer, preserving uncertainty in tag reads until they can be resolved in the context of interactions. This allows designers' code to reason about inputs at a high level. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with a number of interactive objects, along with a library of components that can be combined to make new designs.
Social democratic parties and the rise of ecologism: A comparative analysis of Western Europe

The rise of green politics and new social movements posed serious challenges for existing party families. Social democratic parties, in particular, found themselves increasingly crammed between old demands of rising industrial productivity and a stable economic growth on the one hand and new demands regarding ecological sustainability and environmental protection on the other. In this study, I examine the influence of green politics on social democratic party ideologies in Western Europe (N=19) during the last decades of the twentieth century. In the first step of the analysis, I carry out a descriptive examination in order to identify parties where ecological demands are clearly present. Here, the empirical observations indicate that parties domiciling in the northern and central parts of Europe generally have been more prone to establish ecological views than parties in Southern Europe. The second step of the study presents at least indicative evidence regarding possible causes of these ecological shifts. Building on previous research on party change but using a qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) in order to detect equifinal and conjunctural causality I identify four sufficient paths leading to considerable ecological change within social democratic parties.
Lipid metabolism in the rumen

The increase of energy concentration in rations formulated for ruminants has become an important topic while demands for increasing productivity grows, especially in finishing periods for beef cattle and sheep, and strategically for dairy cows, depending on the stage of lactation. Seeking for alternatives to excessive starch inclusions, several studies have been pointing out as potential solution the utilization of compounds that contain high energy concentration, since its limitations are understood and its benefic properties maximized.
Tuning Nanowires and Nanotubes for Efficient Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis.
Venue: Advanced materials

Developing new synthetic methods for the controlled synthesis of Pt based or non Pt nanocatalysts with low or no Pt loading to facilitate sluggish cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and organics oxidation reactions is the key in the development of fuel cell technology. Various nanoparticles (NPs) with a range of size, shape, composition, and structure, have shown good potential to catalyze the sluggish cathodic and anodic reactions. In contrast to NPs, one dimensional (1D) nanomaterials such as nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs) exhibit additional advantages associated with their anisotropy, unique structure, and surface properties. The prominent characteristics of NWs and NTs include fewer lattice boundaries, a lower number of surface defect sites, and easier electron and mass transport for better electrocatalytic activity and lower vulnerability to dissolution, Ostwald ripening, and aggregation than Pt NPs for enhanced stability. An overview of recent advances in tuning 1D nanostructured Pt based, Pd based, or 1D metal free nanomaterials as advanced electrocatalysts is provided here, for boosting fuel cell reactions with high activity and stability, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) After highlighting the different strategies developed so far for the synthesis of Pt based 1D nanomaterials with controlled size, shape, and composition, special emphasis is placed on the rational design of diverse NWs and NTs catalysts such as Pt based NWs or NTs, non Pt NTs, and carbon NTs with molecular engineering, etc. for enhancing the ORR, MOR, and EOR. Finally, some perspectives are highlighted on the development of more efficient fuel cell electrocatalysts featuring high stability, low cost, and enhanced performance, which are the key factors in accelerating the commercialization of fuel cell technology.
DNA Strand Breaks in Mitotic Germ Cells of Caenorhabditis elegans Evaluated by Comet Assay
Venue: Molecules and cells

DNA damage responses are important for the maintenance of genome stability and the survival of organisms. Such responses are activated in the presence of DNA damage and lead to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA repair. In Caenorhabditis elegans, double strand breaks induced by DNA damaging agents have been detected indirectly by antibodies against DSB recognizing proteins. In this study we used a comet assay to detect DNA strand breaks and to measure the elimination of DNA strand breaks in mitotic germline nuclei of C. elegans. We found that C. elegans brc 1 mutants were more sensitive to ionizing radiation and camptothecin than the N2 wild type strain and repaired DNA strand breaks less efficiently than N2. This study is the first demonstration of direct measurement of DNA strand breaks in mitotic germline nuclei of C. elegans. This newly developed assay can be applied to detect DNA strand breaks in different C. elegans mutants that are sensitive to DNA damaging agents.
Metallothionein as a Scavenger of Free Radicals New Cardioprotective Therapeutic Agent or Initiator of Tumor Chemoresistance?
Venue: Current drug targets

Cardiotoxicity is a serious complication of anticancer therapy by anthracycline antibiotics. Except for intercalation into DNA/RNA structure, inhibition of DNA topoisomerase and histone eviction from chromatin, the main mechanism of their action is iron mediated formation of various forms of free radicals, which leads to irreversible damage to cancer cells. The most serious adverse effect of anthracyclines is, thus, cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure, which is caused by the same mechanisms. Here, we briefly summarize the basic types of free radicals formed by anthracyclines and the main processes how to scavenge them. From these, the main attention is paid to metallothioneins. These low molecular cysteine rich proteins are introduced and their functions and properties are reviewed. Further, their role in detoxification of metals and drugs is discussed. Based on these beneficial roles, their use as a new therapeutic agent against oxidative stress and for cardioprotection is critically evaluated with respect to their ability to increase chemoresistance against some types of commonly used cytostatics.
SCALABLE AND SECURE SHARING OF PERSONAL HEALTH RECORDS IN CLOUD COMPUTING

Personal Health Record (PHR) is an electronic application used by the patients to maintain and manage their health information in a private, secure and confidential environment. In cloud computing, cloud providers act as a third party for information exchange of personal health records. Though this technology facilitates for efficient management and sharing of patient's personal health record, there are wide privacy concerns such as exposure and accessibility of sensitive health information to unauthorized users. In order to provide security and privacy it is necessary to encrypt the data before outsourcing and only authorized users with valid attributes must be allowed to access the data. Hiding the users' information is also important while accessing data over the network. More over to reduce the key management complexity of data owners, personal health records are classified into multiple security domains. To hide the user information, anonymous authentication through Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) technique and fine grained data access control through AES, are adopted. This combination provides a high degree of privacy and security for the PHR file. This scheme enables dynamic modification of access policies or file attributes and on demand user revocation. Extensive experimental and performance analysis show that the proposed scheme is efficient in terms of security and privacy.
Mental Activation of Seniors Incorporating ICT in Their Daily Lives

This paper aims to know the impact of the use of computers in everyday life for older adults. The results of the investigation confirm that seniors were not prepared to deal with information and communication technologies, moreover, that many of them are not active in the technological society, creating feelings of loneliness, fear and ignorance. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in mood and mindset to incorporate older adults today's technological society through a process of learning of ICT. The training workshop for older adults achieved an increase of motivation toward learning and use of ICT and reducing loneliness and isolation, promoting communication through the use of new technologies.
Automated clustering and program repair for introductory programming assignments
Venue: PLDI 2018

Providing feedback on programming assignments is a tedious task for the instructor, and even impossible in large Massive Open Online Courses with thousands of students. Previous research has suggested that program repair techniques can be used to generate feedback in programming education. In this paper, we present a novel fully automated program repair algorithm for introductory programming assignments. The key idea of the technique, which enables automation and scalability, is to use the existing correct student solutions to repair the incorrect attempts. We evaluate the approach in two experiments: (I) We evaluate the number, size and quality of the generated repairs on 4,293 incorrect student attempts from an existing MOOC. We find that our approach can repair 97% of student attempts, while 81% of those are small repairs of good quality. (II) We conduct a preliminary user study on performance and repair usefulness in an interactive teaching setting. We obtain promising initial results (the average usefulness grade 3.4 on a scale from 1 to 5) and conclude that our approach can be used in an interactive setting.
Automated Correction for Syntax Errors in Programming Assignments using Recurrent Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv

We present a method for automatically generating repair feedback for syntax errors for introductory programming problems. Syntax errors constitute one of the largest classes of errors (34% in our dataset of student submissions obtained from a MOOC course on edX. The previous techniques for generating automated feed back on programming assignments have focused on functional correctness and style considerations of student programs. These techniques analyze the program AST of the program and then perform some dynamic and symbolic analyses to compute repair feedback. Unfortunately, it is not possible to generate ASTs for student pro grams with syntax errors and therefore the previous feedback techniques are not applicable in repairing syntax errors. We present a technique for providing feedback on syntax errors that uses Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to model syntactically valid token sequences. Our approach is inspired from the recent work on learning language models from Big Code (large code corpus) For a given programming assignment, we first learn an RNN to model all valid token sequences using the set of syntactically correct student submissions. Then, for a student submission with syntax errors, we query the learnt RNN model with the prefix to ken sequence to predict token sequences that can fix the error by either replacing or inserting the predicted token sequence at the error location. We evaluate our technique on over 14, 000 student submissions with syntax errors. Our technique can completely re pair 31.69% (4501/14203) of submissions with syntax errors and in addition partially correct 6.39% (908/14203) of the submissions.
Rapid clearance of circulating tumor DNA during treatment with AZD9291 of a lung cancer patient presenting the resistance EGFR T790M mutation.
Venue: Lung cancer

We read with great interest the review article written by Jiang t al.  on the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis n non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) They discussed the clinial applications of ctDNA in patient management. It is now clear hat EGFR alterations can be detected in patients' ctDNA before 2 4] and during [5 7] tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. etection of the T790M resistance mutation, a common molecular echanism of acquired resistance to firstand second generation KIs  is of particular interest since third generation TKIs ave shown favorable results in patients presenting this mutation
Cold Water Corals in an Era of Rapid Global Change: Are These the Deep Ocean's Most Vulnerable Ecosystems?

Cold water corals create highly complex biogenic habitats that promote and sustain high biological diversity in the deep sea and play critical roles in deep water ecosystem functioning across the globe. However, these often out of sight and out of mind ecosystems are increasingly under pressure both from human activities in the deep sea such as fishing and mineral extraction, and from a rapidly changing climate. This chapter gives an overview of the importance of cold water coral habitats, the threats they face and how recent advances in understanding of both past and present cold water coral ecosystems helps us to understand how well they may be able to adapt to current and future climate change. We address key knowledge gaps and the ongoing efforts at national and international scales to promote and protect these important yet vulnerable ecosystems.