nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cold Shock Proteins: A Minireview with Special Emphasis on Csp family of Enteropathogenic Yersinia
Venue: Front. Microbiol.

Bacteria have evolved a number of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions. Many bacteria produce small cold shock proteins (Csp) as a response to rapid temperature downshift (cold shock) During cold shock, the cell membrane fluidity and enzyme activity decrease, and the efficiency of transcription and translation is reduced due to stabilization of nucleic acid secondary structures. Moreover, protein folding is inefficient and ribosome function is hampered. Csps are thought to counteract these harmful effects by serving as nucleic acid chaperons that may prevent the formation of secondary structures in mRNA at low temperature and thus facilitate the initiation of translation. However, some Csps are non cold inducible and they are reported to be involved in various cellular processes to promote normal growth and stress adaptation responses. Csps have been shown to contribute to osmotic, oxidative, starvation, pH and ethanol stress tolerance as well as to host cell invasion. Therefore, Csps seem to have a wider role in stress tolerance of bacteria than previously assumed. Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis are enteropathogens that can spread through foodstuffs and cause an enteric infection called yersiniosis. Enteropathogenic Yersinia are psychrotrophs that are able to grow at temperatures close to 0degC and thus they set great challenges for the modern food industry. To be able to efficiently control psychrotrophic Yersinia during food production and storage, it is essential to understand the functions and roles of Csps in stress response of enteropathogenic Yersinia.
Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze? Costs and Benefits of Multiple Human Annotators for Clinical Text De identification.
Venue: Methods of information in medicine

Clinical text contains valuable information but must be de identified before it can be used for secondary purposes. Accurate annotation of personally identifiable information (PII) is essential to the development of automated de identification systems and to manual redaction of PII. Yet the accuracy of annotations may vary considerably across individual annotators and annotation is costly. As such, the marginal benefit of incorporating additional annotators has not been well characterized.  This study models the costs and benefits of incorporating increasing numbers of independent human annotators to identify the instances of PII in a corpus. We used a corpus with gold standard annotations to evaluate the performance of teams of annotators of increasing size.  Four annotators independently identified PII in a 100 document corpus consisting of randomly selected clinical notes from Family Practice clinics in a large integrated health care system. These annotations were pooled and validated to generate a gold standard corpus for evaluation.  Recall rates for all PII types ranged from 0.90 to 0.98 for individual annotators to 0.998 to 1.0 for teams of three, when meas ured against the gold standard. Median cost per PII instance discovered during corpus annotation ranged from 0.71 for an individual annotator to 377 for annotations discovered only by a fourth annotator.  Incorporating a second annotator into a PII annotation process reduces unredacted PII and improves the quality of annotations to 0.99 recall, yielding clear benefit at reasonable cost; the cost advantages of annotation teams larger than two diminish rapidly.
Semantic gender agreement: Dutch and German compared

This paper compares pronominal gender agreement in Dutch and German. Pronouns do not always agree with the gender of their antecedent: instead of agreeing with the lexical gender of the noun, they show semantic gender agreement. This is known to occur with human referents in both Dutch and German. In Dutch, pronouns can agree semantically with non human referents as well, based on their degree of individuation. This type of agreement has been found in several Germanic varieties. It has been suggested for Dutch that this type of agreement resulted from the loss of the three way nominal gender system. However, it has not been systematically investigated to what extent this type of agreement also exists in Germanic varieties that still distinguish three nominal genders, such as German. This paper presents the results of a pronoun elicitation experiment conducted both in Dutch and in German, testing pronominal reference to non human referents with varying degrees of individuation. Two types of pronominal reference were tested: anaphoric and deictic reference. The results show that semantic agreement based on individuation occurs in both languages, in particular with animals, abstracts and masses. Semantic agreement is more frequent in deictic reference than in anaphoric reference in both languages. The languages differ with respect to the total frequency of semantic agreement, which is significantly higher in Dutch. This difference may be explained by the reduced visibility of lexical gender in Dutch compared to German. The findings suggest that semantic agreement based on individuation is a shared Germanic feature and that the difference between Dutch and German with respect to this kind of agreement is mainly one of degree.
Understanding the ballistic event: methodology and initial observations
Venue: Journal of Materials Science

The purpose of the study is to accelerate the development of ceramic materials for armour applications by substantially increasing the information obtained from a high energy projectile impact event. This has been achieved by modifying an existing test configuration to incorporate a block of ballistic gel, attached to the strike face of a ceramic armour system, to capture fragments generated during the ballistic event such that their final positions are maintained. Three different materials, representative of the major classes of ceramics for armour applications, alumina, silicon carbide, and boron carbide, have been tested using this system. Ring on ring biaxial disc testing has also been carried out on the same materials. Qualitative analysis of the fracture surfaces using scanning electron microscopy and surface roughness quantification, via stereo imaging, has shown that the fracture surfaces of biaxial fragments and ballistic fragments recovered from the edges of the tile are indistinguishable. Although the alumina and boron carbide fragments generated from areas closer to the point of impact were also similar, the silicon carbide fragments showed an increase in porosity with respect to the fragments from further away and from biaxial testing. This porosity was found to result from the loss of a boron rich second phase, which was widespread elsewhere in the material, although the relevance of this to ballistic performance needs further investigation. The technique developed in this work will help facilitate such studies.
Political Metaphor Analysis:Discourse and Scenarios

Political metaphors and related figurative discourse tools such as metonymies are characterised by their variability and contentiousness. Using them, discourse participants try to gain competitive advantage over others by offering their audiences new meaning nuances, challenging each other and announcing political initiatives. It is here that metaphor as a means to change meanings and thus, to change social and political reality comes into its own. Political Metaphor Analysis provides an innovative approach to the study of metaphor in political discourse by presenting empirical analyses of metaphor use based on a large corpus of political metaphors and linking these analyses to theoretical positions and assessing their limitations and perspectives for further exploration. In particular the 'classic' conceptual metaphor analysis, as pioneered by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and expanded and amended over the past thirty five years, is critically examined with regard to empirical aspects such as variation, historicity, pragmatic exploitation, comprehension and interpretation of metaphors. As a central new analytical category, the notion of "metaphor scenarios" is proposed and tested against various sub sets of data. It allows to link hypothesised conceptual metaphors to narrative, argumentative and evaluative patterns in actual discourse and understanding, so that their cognitive significance can be more reliably gauged and theoretically modelled.
Cultivating ecological knowledge for corporate sustainability: Barilla's innovative approach to sustainable farming

In this paper, we link three theoretical perspectives organizational knowledge, ecological knowledge and social ecological systems to derive new conceptions of multi disciplinary, multi tier, sustainability oriented knowledge. Our study examines how collaboration between pasta producer Barilla, the farmers/smallholders supplying the firm and scientists generated sustainability practices in the agri food industry by creating transformative ecological, technical and scientific knowledge. In 2010, Barilla initiated a sustainable farming project to significantly reduce the environmental impact of cultivating durum wheat, its most important raw material. Core components included replacing monoculture with crop rotation, collectively creating innovative approaches that support farmers' decision making and generating widely accessible guidelines for sustainability oriented cropping knowledge and practices. These collaborative efforts initiated profound transformations within and beyond the organization's boundaries via increased production yields, reduced environmental impacts and improved sustainability of farming practices, which generated economic, social and ecological benefits for farmers, surrounding communities and the firm.
Handling Diversity of Visions and Priorities in Food Chain Sustainability Assessment

Food chain sustainability assessment is challenging on several grounds. Handling knowledge and information on sustainability performance and coping with the diversity of visions around "what counts as sustainable food" are two key issues addressed by this study. By developing a comparative case study on local, regional and global wheat to bread chains, and confronting the multidimensionality of sustainability, this work focuses on the differing visions and perspectives of stakeholders. We integrate qualitative and quantitative data, stakeholder consultation and multi criteria analysis to align the visions and the multiple meanings of sustainability. Because of the complexity and the dynamicity of the food system, the multidimensionality of the sustainability concept and its pliability to stakeholders priorities, sustainability is an object of competition for firms in the agro food sector and has major implications in the governance of food chains. Results identify key propositions in relation to: (i) the value of combining science led evidence with socio cultural values; (ii) multidimensional sustainability assessment as a self diagnosis tool; and (iii) the need to identify shared assessment criteria by communities of reference.
SURVIVING CONQUEST: The Maya of Guatemala in Historical Perspective*

The Maya of Guatemala are today, as they have been in the past, a dominated and beleaguered group. Few have expressed this enduring reality more poignantly than the late Oliver La Farge. Commenting forty years ago on why Kanjobal Indians take to drink, La Farge observed that "while these people undoubtedly suffer from drunkenness, one would hesitate to remove the bottle from them until the entire pattern of their lives is changed. They are an introverted people, consumed by internal fires which they cannot or dare not express, eternally chafing under the yoke of conquest, and never for a moment forgetting that they are a conquered people."1 La Farge's observation is important because, among other things, it views conquest not as a remote, historical experience but as a visible, present condition. Sol Tax and others concur with La Farge, portraying
Consumer Branded #Hashtag Engagement Consumer Branded #Hashtag Engagement: Can Creativity in TV Advertising Influence Hashtag Engagement?

This study examines the effects of creativity on consumer branded hashtag engagement in the context of TV advertising. Applying a qualitative design, two types of TV commercials were selected: humorous and warmth. This was followed by a quantitative study with 259 participants suggesting that novelty and relevance in TV advertisements together with brand familiarity are important drivers of consumer branded hashtag engagement. Consumer branded hashtag engagement, in turn, encourages consumers to share advertisements online through different social media platforms. In addition, brand familiarity and the type of TV advertisement were found to be significant moderators. The results of this study highlight the pertinence of hashtags for consumer brand engagement, and contribute to a better understanding of consumer branded hashtag engagement in advertising. Guidance to advertisers on how to utilize creativity in TV advertisements to encourage consumer engagement with the brand is offered.
Identity Based Group Encryption
Venue: ACISP

Cloud computing makes it easy for people to share files anywhere and anytime with mobile end devices. There is a privacy issue in such applications even if the files are encrypted. Specially, the public keys or identities of the receivers will be exposed to the cloud server or hackers. Group Encryption GE is designed to achieve anonymity of the receivers. The existing GE schemes are all realized in the public key infrastructure PKI setting, in which complicated certificates management is required to ensure security. It is observed that GE is especially appealing to institutions which usually have their own closed secure user management system. In this paper, we propose a new concept, referred to as identity based group encryption IBGE, which realizes GE in the identity based cryptography setting. In the IBGE, a private key generator PKG designates each user a secret key associated with his identity; and the user can register his identity as a group member to a group manager without leaking his secret key. Then anyone can send confidential messages to the group member without leaking the group member's identity. However, the group manager can trace the receiver if a dispute occurs or the privacy mechanism is abused. Following this model, we propose the first IBGE scheme that is formally proven secure in the standard model. Analysis shows that our scheme is also efficient and practical.
Composition rheology relationships in alkali silica reaction gels and the impact on the gel's deleterious behavior

Alkali silica reaction (ASR) continues to be a major challenge to the durability of concrete structures. This is in part because the relationships between the composition, properties, and behavior of ASR gels in concrete are poorly understood. Gels with high pore solution pH, osmotic pressure, and rheological (e.g. yield stress) and swelling properties are the most deleterious. In this paper, the effects of the composition (primarily Ca/Si and Na/Si) of synthetic ASR gels on these characteristics are investigated, and regression analyses are done on the data. The pessimum combination of osmotic and rheological properties was found in the case of gels having intermediate calcium and high sodium contents (i.e. Ca/Si 0.2 and Na/Si 0.85) leading to the highest estimated swelling pressures. These gels also developed the most alkaline pore solutions. While highest yield stresses were observed in the gels with low calcium and low sodium, they showed negligible osmotic and swelling pressures.
Modification of Ni Rich FCG NMC and NCA Cathodes by Atomic Layer Deposition: Preventing Surface Phase Transitions for High Voltage Lithium Ion Batteries
Venue: Scientific reports

The energy density of current lithium ion batteries (LIBs) based on layered LiMO2 cathodes (M Ni, Mn, Co: NMC; M Ni, Co, Al: NCA) needs to be improved significantly in order to compete with internal combustion engines and allow for widespread implementation of electric vehicles (EVs) In this report, we show that atomic layer deposition (ALD) of titania (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) on Ni rich FCG NMC and NCA active material particles could substantially improve LIB performance and allow for increased upper cutoff voltage (UCV) during charging, which delivers significantly increased specific energy utilization. Our results show that Al2O3 coating improved the NMC cycling performance by 40% and the NCA cycling performance by 34% at 1 C/ 1 C with respectively 4.35 V and 4.4 V UCV in 2 Ah pouch cells. High resolution TEM/SAED structural characterization revealed that Al2O3 coatings prevented surface initiated layered to spinel phase transitions in coated materials which were prevalent in uncoated materials. EIS confirmed that Al2O3 coated materials had significantly lower increase in the charge transfer component of impedance during cycling. The ability to mitigate degradation mechanisms for Ni rich NMC and NCA illustrated in this report provides insight into a method to enable the performance of high voltage LIBs.
Strategy and tactics in public debt management

We examine the public debt management problem with respect to the maturity mix of new issues in a mean variance framework. After identifying the main determinants of the long run target (strategy) we focus on which interest rate conditions allow for a temporary deviation (tactics) The study is partly motivated by the apparent window of opportunity to issue more heavily at longer maturities given the recent historically low yields. We show that the room for long tactical positions on the long term bond is actually narrower than predicted by rules of thumb based on Sharpe like ratios. Once the model is augmented to embed real world features such as no price taking and transaction costs, the scope for tactical position shrinks further. We discuss the model results and its implications in terms of the principal agent dilemma (government vs. debt manager) the paper also explores the financial stability implications arising from public debt issuance choices. All in all, our findings provide a rationale for the degree of caution often shown by many public debt managers in fulfilling their mandate.
Fiscal Policy and Debt Management with Incomplete Markets

A Ramsey planner chooses a distorting tax on labor and manages a portfolio of securities in an economy with incomplete markets. We develop a method that uses second order approximations of Ramsey policies to obtain formulas for conditional and unconditional moments of government debt and taxes that include means and variances of the invariant distribution as well as speeds of mean reversion. The asymptotic mean of the planner's portfolio minimizes a measure of fiscal risk. We obtain analytic expressions that approximate moments of the invariant distribution and apply them to data on a primary government deficit, aggregate consumption, and returns on traded securities. For U.S. data, we find that the optimal target debt level is negative but close to zero, the invariant distribution of debt is very dispersed, and mean reversion is slow.
Storytelling: A Guided Reflection Activity.
Venue: The Journal of nursing education

Reflective practice is a mode of inquiry in the authors' baccalaureate nursing program. To increase students' ability to "think like a nurse," the Reflective Practice Storytelling Guide was developed to facilitate discussion during weekly clinical seminars in the students' final clinical course.  To evaluate the effectiveness of this guided activity, students were asked to provide feedback to specific questions following each seminar when the reflective presence activity was utilized.  Common themes emerged from the storytellers and the members of the group. Themes identified in the responses of the storytellers included role development and formation and the value of team support. Learning themes that emerged from the participants included communication, teamwork, clinical judgment, patient centered care, use of resources, ethical and legal parameters in practice, and patient safety.  Utilizing a guided reflection activity resulted in the students experiencing a broader, deeper understanding of reflective professional practice.
Efficacy of Augmentation of Cognitive Behavior Therapy With Weight Adjusted d Cycloserine vs Placebo in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA psychiatry

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is effective, but many patients remain symptomatic after intervention. d cycloserine, a partial agonist at the N methyl d aspartate receptor in the amygdala, has been associated with enhanced CBT outcome for OCD among adults but requires evaluation among youth.  To examine the relative efficacy of weight adjusted d cycloserine (25 or 50 mg) vs placebo augmentation of CBT for youth with OCD and to assess if concomitant antidepressant medication moderated effects.  In a placebo controlled randomized clinical trial, 142 youths (age range, 7 17 years) enrolled between June 1, 2011, and January 30, 2015, at 2 academic health science centers (University of South Florida and Massachusetts General Hospital) with a primary diagnosis of OCD were randomized in a double blind fashion to d cycloserine plus CBT or placebo plus CBT. Intent to treat analysis was performed.  Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either 10 sessions of d cycloserine plus CBT or placebo plus CBT. d cycloserine (25 or 50 mg) or placebo was taken 1 hour before sessions 4 through 10.  Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale at randomization, biweekly, midtreatment, and posttreatment. Secondary outcomes included the Clinical Global Impressions Severity or Clinical Global Impressions Improvement, remission status, Children's Depression Rating Scale, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Children's Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale Parent Version.  The study cohort comprised 142 participants. Their mean (SD) age was 12.7 (2.9) years, and 53.5% (76 of 142) were female. A mixed effects model using all available data indicated significant declines in the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score and Clinical Global Impressions Severity. No significant interaction between treatment group and changes in the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Clinical Global Impressions Severity indicated that the d cycloserine plus CBT group and the placebo plus CBT group declined at similar rates per assessment point on the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score (estimate, 2.31, 95% CI, 2.79 to 1.83 and estimate, 2.03, 95% CI, 2.47 to 1.58, respectively) and Clinical Global Impressions Severity (estimate, 0.29, 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.22 and estimate, 0.23, 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.17, respectively) No group differences in secondary outcomes were present. Antidepressant medication use at baseline did not moderate changes for either group.  d cycloserine augmentation of CBT did not confer additional benefit relative to placebo among youth with OCD. Other augmentation approaches should be examined to enhance outcome.