nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Consider the Archive
Venue: Isis

In recent years, historians of archives have paid increasingly careful attention to the development of state, colonial, religious, and corporate archives in the early modern period, arguing that power (of various kinds) was mediated and extended through material writing practices in and around archives. The history of early modern science, likewise, has tracked the production of scientific knowledge through the inscription and circulation of written records within and between laboratories, libraries, homes, and public spaces, such as coffeehouses and bookshops. This Focus section interrogates these two bodies of scholarship against each other. The contributors ask how archival digitization is transforming historical practice; how awareness of archival histories can help us to reconceptualize our work as historians of science; how an archive's layered purposes, built up over centuries of record keeping, can shape the historical narratives we write; and how scientific knowledge emerging from archives gained authority and authenticity.
Internet of Vehicles: Motivation, Layered Architecture, Network Model, Challenges, and Future Aspects
Venue: IEEE Access

Internet of Things is smartly changing various existing research areas into new themes, including smart health, smart home, smart industry, and smart transport. Relying on the basis of "smart transport," Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is evolving as a new theme of research and development from vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) This paper presents a comprehensive framework of IoV with emphasis on layered architecture, protocol stack, network model, challenges, and future aspects. Specifically, following the background on the evolution of VANETs and motivation on IoV an overview of IoV is presented as the heterogeneous vehicular networks. The IoV includes five types of vehicular communications, namely, vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to roadside, vehicle to infrastructure of cellular networks, vehicle to personal devices, and vehicle to sensors. A five layered architecture of IoV is proposed considering functionalities and representations of each layer. A protocol stack for the layered architecture is structured considering management, operational, and security planes. A network model of IoV is proposed based on the three network elements, including cloud, connection, and client. The benefits of the design and development of IoV are highlighted by performing a qualitative comparison between IoV and VANETs. Finally, the challenges ahead for realizing IoV are discussed and future aspects of IoV are envisioned.
Internet of Drones
Venue: IEEE Access

The Internet of Drones (IoD) is a layered network control architecture designed mainly for coordinating the access of unmanned aerial vehicles to controlled airspace, and providing navigation services between locations referred to as nodes. The IoD provides generic services for various drone applications, such as package delivery, traffic surveillance, search and rescue, and more. In this paper, we present a conceptual model of how such an architecture can be organized and we specify the features that an IoD system based on our architecture should implement. For doing so, we extract key concepts from three existing large scale networks, namely the air traffic control network, the cellular network, and the Internet, and explore their connections to our novel architecture for drone traffic management. A simulation platform for IoD is being implemented, which can be accessed from www.IoDnet.org in the future.
The relationship between total quality management practices and organisational performance at Jordanian hospitals

This study aims at exploring the relationship between applying total quality management programmes (i.e. training, teamwork, top management commitment, continuous improvement, and customer satisfaction) and the organisational performance in Jordanian hospitals. A proposed research model and hypotheses are developed based on a comprehensive literature review. A questionnaire is used to collect data from a sample of managerial employees of major Jordanian hospitals. Regression analysis is performed to examine the relationships. Results reveal positive relationship between the total quality management practices and the organisational performance in Jordanian hospitals. Organisational performance is affected mostly by top management. The study concludes that organisational performance improves under the existence of the explored practices of quality management. The study implies that managers should consider quality improvement strategies as a top priority to enhance and promote the organisational performance and effectiveness.
The effectiveness of workplace coaching: A meta analysis of learning and performance outcomes from coaching

This study presents a meta analysis synthesizing the existing research on the effectiveness of workplace coaching. We exclusively explore workplace coaching provided by internal or external coaches and therefore exclude cases of manager subordinate and peer coaching. We propose a framework of potential outcomes from coaching in organizations, which we examine meta analytically (k 17) Our analyses indicated that coaching had positive effects on organizational outcomes overall (d 0.36) and on specific forms of outcome criteria (skill based d 0.28; affective d 0.51; individual level results d 1.24) We also examined moderation by a number of coaching practice factors (use of multisource feedback; type of coach; coaching format; longevity of coaching) Our analyses of practice moderators indicated a significant moderation of effect size for type of coach (with effects being stronger for internal coaches compared to external coaches) and use of multisource feedback (with the use of multisource feedback resulting in smaller positive effects) We found no moderation of effect size by coaching format (comparing face to face, with blended face to face and e coaching) or duration of coaching (number of sessions or longevity of intervention) The effect sizes give support to the potential utility of coaching in organizations. Implications for coaching research and practice are discussed.
YouTube Video Recommendation via Cross Network Collaboration

We present a system that automatically recommends videos to the three YouTube users: new, light and heavy. We have proposed YouTube video cross network recommendation system; it extracts users auxiliary information on Twitter to address the three typical problems: new user, cold start and sparsity which are occurring in single network recommendation system. At the first stage, the system recommends videos to the new user using cross relevance method, it maps individual user Twitter preferences with video titles on YouTube. Our system has calculated a tweet vocabulary of more than 400 words using Hash Map function. At the second stage, we construct textual and visual similarity between user's data on different OSNs (Online Social Networks) i.e. the system recommends videos to light and heavy users by considering their data on both Twitter and YouTube. Here we map visual based features of useruploaded videos on YouTube with all other videos in a database also uploaded video titles is used to automatically suggest relevant videos on the basis of text similarity. These methods give benefit to new, light and heavy users who are having limited or fr+ equent behavior record on YouTube. Finally, we compared our cross relevance method with other single network based methods a) the average relevance of videos automatically recommended by our system for new YouTube users is 76% with Top K=5. b) The average relevance of videos automatically recommended by our system for light and heavy YouTube users is 90% with Top K=5. General Terms Tweets, Videos, Word Similarity, Text similarity algorithm, Visual similarity algorithm, New user, Light user, Heavy user.
Neutronization of matter in a stellar core and convection during gravitational collapse

The roles of neutrinos and convective instability in collapsing supernovae are considered. Spherically symmetrical computations of the collapse using the Boltzmann equation for the neutrinos lead to the formation of the condition of convective instability, \left( \frac{\partial P}\partial s} \right)_{\rho {Y_l}\frac{{ds}{dr} \left( \frac{\partial P}\partial {Y_L} \right)_{\rho s}\frac{{d{Y_L}{dr} 0, in a narrow region of matter accretion above the neutrinosphere. If instability arises in this region, the three dimensional solution will represent a correction to the spherically symmetrical solution for the gravitational collapse. The mean neutrino energies change only negligibly in the narrow region of accretion. Nuclear statistical equilibrium is usually assumed in the hot proto neutron stellar core, to simplify the computations of the collapse. Neutronization with the participation of free neutrons is most efficient. However, the decay of nuclei into nucleons is hindered during the collapse, because the density grows too rapidly compared to the growth in the temperature, and an appreciable fraction of the energy is carried away by neutrinos. The entropy of the matter per nucleon is modest at the stellar center. All the energy is in degenerate electrons during the collapse. If the large energy of these degenerate electrons is taken into account, neutrons are efficiently formed, even in cool matter with reduced Ye (the difference between the numbers of electrons and positrons per nucleon) This process brings about an increase in the optical depth to neutrinos, the appearance of free neutrons, and an increase in the entropy per nucleon at the center. The convectively unstable region at the center increases. The development of large scale convection is illustrated using a multi dimensional gas dynamical model for the evolution of a stationary, unstable state (without taking into account neutrino transport) The time for the development of convective instability (several milliseconds) does not exceed the time for the existence of the unstable region at the center (10ms) The realization of this type of instability is fundamentally different from a spherically symmetrical model. The flux of neutrinos changes and the mean energy of the neutrinos is increased, which has important implications for the detection of neutrinos from supernovae. For these same reasons, the energy absorped in the supernova envelope also changes in the transition to such a multi dimensional model.
Volumetric and Multi view CNNs for Object Classification on 3D Data
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

3D shape models are becoming widely available and easier to capture, making available 3D information crucial for progress in object classification. Current state of theart methods rely on CNNs to address this problem. Recently, we witness two types of CNNs being developed: CNNs based upon volumetric representations versus CNNs based upon multi view representations. Empirical results from these two types of CNNs exhibit a large gap, indicating that existing volumetric CNN architectures and approaches are unable to fully exploit the power of 3D representations. In this paper, we aim to improve both volumetric CNNs and multi view CNNs according to extensive analysis of existing approaches. To this end, we introduce two distinct network architectures of volumetric CNNs. In addition, we examine multi view CNNs, where we introduce multiresolution filtering in 3D. Overall, we are able to outperform current state of the art methods for both volumetric CNNs and multi view CNNs. We provide extensive experiments designed to evaluate underlying design choices, thus providing a better understanding of the space of methods available for object classification on 3D data.
HyperNet: Towards Accurate Region Proposal Generation and Joint Object Detection
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Almost all of the current top performing object detection networks employ region proposals to guide the search for object instances. State of the art region proposal methods usually need several thousand proposals to get high recall, thus hurting the detection efficiency. Although the latest Region Proposal Network method gets promising detection accuracy with several hundred proposals, it still struggles in small size object detection and precise localization (e.g. large IoU thresholds) mainly due to the coarseness of its feature maps. In this paper, we present a deep hierarchical network, namely HyperNet, for handling region proposal generation and object detection jointly. Our HyperNet is primarily based on an elaborately designed Hyper Feature which aggregates hierarchical feature maps first and then compresses them into a uniform space. The Hyper Features well incorporate deep but highly semantic, intermediate but really complementary, and shallow but naturally high resolution features of the image, thus enabling us to construct HyperNet by sharing them both in generating proposals and detecting objects via an end to end joint training strategy. For the deep VGG16 model, our method achieves completely leading recall and state of the art object detection accuracy on PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2012 using only 100 proposals per image. It runs with a speed of 5 fps (including all steps) on a GPU, thus having the potential for real time processing.
Region Based Convolutional Networks for Accurate Object Detection and Segmentation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Object detection performance, as measured on the canonical PASCAL VOC Challenge datasets, plateaued in the final years of the competition. The best performing methods were complex ensemble systems that typically combined multiple low level image features with high level context. In this paper, we propose a simple and scalable detection algorithm that improves mean average precision (mAP) by more than 50 percent relative to the previous best result on VOC 2012 achieving a mAP of 62.4 percent. Our approach combines two ideas: (1) one can apply high capacity convolutional networks (CNNs) to bottom up region proposals in order to localize and segment objects and (2) when labeled training data are scarce, supervised pre training for an auxiliary task, followed by domain specific fine tuning, boosts performance significantly. Since we combine region proposals with CNNs, we call the resulting model an R CNN or Region based Convolutional Network. Source code for the complete system is available at http:/www.cs.berkeley.edu/~rbg/rcnn.
The Perseus computational platform for comprehensive analysis of (prote)omics data
Venue: Nature Methods

A main bottleneck in proteomics is the downstream biological analysis of highly multivariate quantitative protein abundance data generated using mass spectrometry based analysis. We developed the Perseus software platform (http:/www.perseus framework.org) to support biological and biomedical researchers in interpreting protein quantification, interaction and post translational modification data. Perseus contains a comprehensive portfolio of statistical tools for high dimensional omics data analysis covering normalization, pattern recognition, time series analysis, cross omics comparisons and multiple hypothesis testing. A machine learning module supports the classification and validation of patient groups for diagnosis and prognosis, and it also detects predictive protein signatures. Central to Perseus is a user friendly, interactive workflow environment that provides complete documentation of computational methods used in a publication. All activities in Perseus are realized as plugins, and users can extend the software by programming their own, which can be shared through a plugin store. We anticipate that Perseus's arsenal of algorithms and its intuitive usability will empower interdisciplinary analysis of complex large data sets.
Avian Cephalic Vascular Anatomy, Sites of Thermal Exchange, and the Rete Ophthalmicum
Venue: Anatomical record

The general anatomy of avian cephalic blood vessels is well known and there are published details of their role in physiological thermoregulation. Unfortunately, the finer details of vascular pathways to and from sites of thermal exchange are not well known. Additionally, the role of the rete ophthalmicum (RO) a vascular heat exchanger in the temporal region, has been investigated in terms of brain temperature regulation, yet only the arteries have received substantial attention. Without anatomical details of both the arterial and venous pathways, the role of blood vessels in physiological thermoregulation is incomplete. Cephalic vascular anatomy of multiple avian taxa was investigated using a differential contrast, dual vascular injection technique and high resolution X ray microcomputed tomography. Sites of thermal exchange (oral, nasal, and orbital regions) and the RO were given special attention due to their known roles in cephalic thermoregulation. Blood vessels to and from sites of thermal exchange were investigated to detect conserved vascular patterns and their ability to deliver cooled blood to the RO and dural venous sinus. Sites of thermal exchange were supplied by arteries directly and through collateral pathways. Veins were found to offer multiple pathways that could influence the temperature of neurosensory tissues, as well as pathways that would bypass neurosensory tissues. These results question the paradigm that arterial blood from the RO is the primary method of brain cooling in birds. A shift in the primary role of the RO from brain cooling to regulating and maintaining the temperature of the avian eye should be further investigated. Anat Rec, 299:1461 1486, 2016.
Synthesis of Iron Nanometallic Glasses and Their Application in Cancer Therapy by a Localized Fenton Reaction.
Venue: Angewandte Chemie

Metallic glasses and cancer theranostics are emerging fields that do not seem to be related to each other. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of amorphous iron nanoparticles (AFeNPs) and their superior physicochemical properties compared to their crystalline counterpart, iron nanocrystals (FeNCs) The AFeNPs can be used for cancer theranostics by inducing a Fenton reaction in the tumor by taking advantage of the mild acidity and the overproduced H2 O2 in a tumor microenvironment: Ionization of the AFeNPs enables on demand ferrous ion release in the tumor, and subsequent H2 O2 disproportionation leads to efficient )OH generation. The endogenous stimuli responsive )OH generation in the presence AFeNPs enables a highly specific cancer therapy without the need for external energy input.
Influence of micro finance services on growth of women owned enterprises in Kitui central sub county

Micro finance plays a major role in many gender and development strategies because of its direct relationship to both poverty alleviation and to the empowerment of women. Poverty reduction has become the object of unprecedented attention globally since 1990's. In Kenya and elsewhere, micro finance institutions have been on the rise with micro credits having been portrayed as a way to reach poor people in the development process, meet the UN Millennium Development Goals, and as a new innovative strategy for alleviating poverty. Empirical indications are that the poor can benefit from micro finance from both an economic and social well being pointof view. Women in the world account for the highest economic growth through the economic activities they engage in. The failure of many of these women, especially those from the rural areas, to exploit fully the credit facilities offered to them by the Micro finance institutions may influence the growth of women owned enterprises. Thus, this study established the effect of interventions provided by microfinance institutions on growth of women owned enterprises in Kitui Central sub county, Kitui County. The study was guided by the following objectives: to assess the extent to which access to credit facilities from microfinance institution influence the growth of women owned enterprises; to examine the influence of micro savings from microfinance institutions on growth of women owned enterprises; and to establish the influence of training and advisory services from microfinance institutions on growth of women owned enterprises. There was a positive effect of access to credit facilities from microfinance institutions to growth of women business enterprises. The access to loan facilities has the highest association with the growth of women business enterprises compare to other variables. There was a positive association between trainings and investment advisory service and microfinance institutions influence growth of women enterprises. However the association was lower that loan access though it was higher than micro savings. There was an association between micro savings and the growth of women enterprises though it was lower than access to savings and trainings and investment advisory service. The recommendations of the study are that the financial institutions should increase the amount of loans to the women enterprises as the data in this study had shown that the loans allocated were not sufficient. This would improve the women enterprises. The leaders in the women enterprises should be trained and advised more on investment as the results in this study indicated that investment advisory
A Rare Case of Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus of the Mandible
Venue: Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune mediated mucocutaneous disease associated with an increased risk in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) Nearly all cases of malignant transformation have been reported in patients >40 years old. We report the case of a 37 year old woman with a 5 year history of erosive OLP who presented with malignant transformation to OSCC. Delineating the margins of the disease was impossible at presentation given her OLP, and she was initially treated with concurrent chemoradiation therapy. She then developed a recurrence of the mandibular alveolar ridge. The patient was successfully treated with a composite resection including a segmental mandibulectomy, buccal mucosa resection, partial glossectomy, and ipsilateral neck dissection. This was reconstructed with a free fibula osteo septo cutaneous flap. Mandibular OSCC is a rare complication of OLP with few reports on effective reconstructive interventions. The case represents the youngest reported patient with mandibular OSCC arising in the context of OLP and highlights the utility of the free vascularized fibula graft in the treatment of these patients.
A critical review of analytical methods in pretreatment of lignocelluloses: Composition, imaging, and crystallinity.
Venue: Bioresource technology

Lignocelluloses are widely investigated as renewable substrates to produce biofuels, e.g. ethanol, methane, hydrogen, and butanol, as well as chemicals such as citric acid, lactic acid, and xanthan gum. However, lignocelluloses have a recalcitrance structure to resist microbial and enzymatic attacks; therefore, many physical, thermal, chemical, and biological pretreatment methods have been developed to open up their structure. The efficiency of these pretreatments was studied using a variety of analytical methods that address their image, composition, crystallinity, degree of polymerization, enzyme adsorption/desorption, and accessibility. This paper presents a critical review of the first three categories of these methods as well as their constraints in various applications. The advantages, drawbacks, approaches, practical details, and some points that should be considered in the experimental methods to reach reliable and promising conclusions are also discussed.