nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Paediatric femur fractures at the emergency department: accidental or not?
Venue: The British journal of radiology

Only a small proportion of all paediatric fractures is caused by child abuse or neglect, especially in highly prevalent long bone fractures. It can be difficult to differentiate abusive fractures from non abusive fractures. This article focuses on femoral fractures in young children. Based on three cases, this article presents a forensic evidence based approach to differentiate between accidental and non accidental causes of femoral fractures. We describe three cases of young children who were presented to the emergency department because of a suspected femur fracture. Although in all cases, the fracture had a similar location and appearance, the clinical history and developmental stage of the child led to three different conclusions. In the first two cases, an accidental mechanism was a plausible conclusion, although in the second case, neglect of parental supervision was the cause for concern. In the third case, a non accidental injury was diagnosed and appropriate legal prosecution followed. Any doctor treating children should always be aware of the possibility of child abuse and neglect in children with injuries, especially in young and non mobile children presenting with an unknown trauma mechanism. If a suspicion of child abuse or neglect arises, a thorough diagnostic work up should be performed, including a full skeletal survey according to the guidelines of the Royal College of Radiologists and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. In order to make a good assessment, the radiologist reviewing the skeletal survey needs access to all relevant clinical and social information.
Numerical Study of Different Closure Approaches for Prediction of Forced Convective Turbulent Cylindrical Cavity Flows

The present work exhibits a numerical study comparing the fluid dynamic and thermal fields of turbulent, three dimensional forced convective cylindrical cavity flows obtained with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) In the latter approach, three different closure models are employed: Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) standard k e and standard k o. It is considered a three dimensional, incompressible, turbulent fluid flow at the steady state with ReD 22,000 and Pr 0.71. The main purpose is to investigate whether discrepancies are noticed in time averaged and statistics of turbulent flows between LES and RANS predictions. Differences in time averaged and statistical fields can be important for evaluation of convective fluxes in turbulent flows and combined convective and radiative transfer in participant media, i.e. for study of Turbulence Radiation Interactions (TRI) The spatially filtered and time averaged conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM) Results showed that time averaged and RMS thermal fields obtained with LES and RANS presented reasonable discrepancies in regions near the cavity surfaces, which affects the convective fluxes in this region. For the highest temperature region of the cavity (near its inlet) the predictions obtained with LES and RANS are similar, which can led to similar predictions in heat exchange when thermal radiation is taken into account in optically thin participant media. For optically thick media, where local differences increase their importance, the employment of RANS is not recommended.
Reframing Language Roles in Moroccan Higher Education: Context and Implications of the Advent of English

Morocco is a multilingual society where different languages are in use. Besides the national and official languages, Moroccans also use a number of foreign languages among which are French, Spanish, and English. Over the last few years, foreign languages have acquired more space and prestige, especially in the educational system. In this respect, the Ministry of Higher Education is promoting the position of the English language through ministerial notes imposing it as a requirement at the doctoral level and for the recruitment of new university professors. With the spread of English as the international language and the language of research and science, current debate concerns also the language of instruction in science streams. The aim of the present study is to address three main research questions, namely (i) what status does English have in Morocco in general and in Higher Education in particular; (ii) what is the language policy, if any, that organizes the growing of English in Morocco; (iii) what are the causes and implications of the growth of English as the language of science in Morocco. This research intends to (i) reveal the conditioning factors for the spread and promotion of English in the Moroccan higher education (ii) investigate the potential implications of the growth of English on the other foreign languages and particularly the languages of instruction languages, namely Arabic and French. The study adopts a mixed approach making use of a survey to collect Moroccan university students and education professionals' opinions about the impact of the Moroccan English language policy. The study will also analyze the official documents and discourses and the academic literature.
Evolution de la prise en charge des troubles mineraux et osseux des patients hemodialyses en France entre 2008 et 2012 Observatoire national du metabolisme mineral et osseux

Resume Rationnel La maladie renale chronique induit progressivement des troubles du metabolisme phosphocalcique, associes a des anomalies osseuses et cardiovasculaires. Des etudes precedentes ont montre que les concentrations seriques de calcium, de phosphore et d'hormone parathyroidienne (PTH) n'etaient controlees que chez peu de patients hemodialyses selon les cibles K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) Nous avons voulu etudier l'impact des differentes strategies therapeutiques, et en particulier de la mise en place des recommandations KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) en 2009 sur le controle de ces trois parametres. Patients et methodes En France, l'observatoire du metabolisme phosphocalcique Photo Graphe tm a permis d'analyser a l'echelon local, regional et national, le statut phosphocalcique des patients dialyses et son evolution dans le temps. Nous avons compare les resultats recueillis en juin 2008 n 1914 patients) a ceux obtenus en octobre 2012 n 2481) chez des patients adultes traites par hemodialyse periodique. Resultats En 2012, une plus faible proportion de patients etaient hyperphosphoremiques (55,1 vs 64,7 hypocalcemiques (35,5 vs 40,3 et hyperparathyroidiens (9,8 vs 10,1 selon les recommandations KDIGO, et un plus grand nombre de patients etaient hypophosphoremiques (9,6 vs 6,5 hypercalcemiques (3,9 vs 2,2 et hypoparathyroidiens (31,5 vs 25,8 p p p 0,002 respectivement pour les concentrations seriques de phosphore, de calcium et de PTH entre 2008 et 2012) La concentration moyenne deviation standard [DS] de 25 OH vitamine D serique a augmente de 1,6 fois, passant de 48,3 42,6 en 2008 a 76,6 45,8 nmol/L en 2012. Alors que l'utilisation du sevelamer (HCl ou carbonate) et de la vitamine D native a augmente, la prescription des chelateurs du calcium, du cinacalcet, du carbonate de lanthane et des derives actifs de la vitamine D a diminue entre ces deux periodes.  Malgre les ameliorations observees dans cette periode, seule une minorite de patients ont atteint les cibles des recommandations KDIGO pour les trois principaux parametres biologiques du metabolisme phosphocalcique (11,5 en 2012 vs 11,1 en 2008)
A Real time Facial Expression Recognizer using Deep Neural Network
Venue: IMCOM

With increasing boundaries of deep learning based recognition model, particular demands for real time user state recognizer targeting smart home devices have emerged. This paper suggests real time facial expression recognizer to satisfy them. We use HOG feature descriptor to detect a human face, correlation tracker to track detected face and deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based recognizer on our model. Our CNN model is trained and tested with Kaggle facial expression recognition challenge dataset. The experimental result shows that high test accuracy and low computation time are achieved by our recognizer enabling real time high performance human expression recognition for mobile use.
Constrained Markov decision processes in Borel spaces: from discounted to average optimality
Venue: Math. Methods Oper. Res.

In this paper we study discrete time Markov decision processes in Borel spaces with a finite number of constraints and with unbounded rewards and costs. Our aim is to provide a simple method to compute constrained optimal control policies when the payoff functions and the constraints are of either: infinite horizon discounted type and average (a.k.a. ergodic) type. To deduce optimality results for the discounted case, we use the Lagrange multipliers method that rewrites the original problem (with constraints) into a parametric family of discounted unconstrained problems. Based on the dynamic programming technique as long with a simple use of elementary differential calculus, we obtain both suitable Lagrange multipliers and a family of control policies associated to these multipliers, this last family becomes optimal for the original problem with constraints. We next apply the vanishing discount factor method in order to obtain, in a straightforward way, optimal control policies associated to the average problem with constraints. Finally, to illustrate our results, we provide a simple application to linear quadratic systems (LQ systems)
Automating industrial tasks through mechatronic systems a review of robotics in industrial perspective

Subject review Pressing requirements of improved and enhanced productivity in industrial applications has necessitated deployment of robot to automate tasks. Manipulator based articulated robots for today's industrial applications vary widely in terms of number of Degree Of Freedom (DOF) payload capacity, Range Of Motion (ROM) control implementation and mountable configurations. This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic review of industrial robots with a focus on their application areas. The study of manipulators for diversified applications has highlighted the need of sophisticated algorithms for their control and trajectory planning. Both of these key concepts are discussed in the paper. The control of industrial manipulator is important for accomplishing tasks requiring high precision, repeatability and reliability by mitigating the effects of disturbances. The trajectory planning is vital for time optimization, energy optimization and collision avoidance to ensure most appropriate trajectory for a given task in an environment. The application oriented review offers readers opportunities to generate ideas applicable to their operations and to conform feasibility of their ideas.
A simple da? Affirming responses to polar questions in Russian conversation

This article examines affirming answers to polar yes/no questions in Russian, that is, responses that confirm or agree with the propositional content of the question. Drawing on a corpus of telephone conversations and using the methodology of Conversation Analysis, I analyze question answer sequences that are initiated by polar interrogatives whose focal action is to seek information or confirmation of a particular state of affairs. In Russian, a simple affirmation can be accomplished via either a response token da 'yes' or net no' or a repetition of the question's focal element "echo repeat" The article first examines responses that simply affirm the informational content of the question. Then, I analyze three ways in which affirmative responses may resist the question: by conveying an incongruent evaluative stance, an incongruent epistemic stance, or by disattending its action implications. This article sheds light on the organization of questioning and answering in Russian conversation and advances our understanding of agreement as a social action more generally.
Topical oxygen therapy results in complete wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers
Venue: Wound repair and regeneration official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant problem in an aging population. Fifteen percent of diabetics develop a DFU over their lifetime, which can lead to potential amputation. The 5 year survival rate after amputation is 31% which is greater than the lifetime risk of mortality from cancer. Topical oxygen is a promising technique for the adjunctive therapy of chronic wounds including DFUs, but few controlled studies exist to support its clinical adoption. The aim of this study was to compare a portable topical oxygen delivery system in patients with nonhealing DFUs to standard best practice. Twenty patients were randomized into a topical oxygen group (n 10) and a nonplacebo control group with regular dressings and standard care (n 10) and attended the diabetic foot clinic once weekly for 8 weeks. Ulcer surface area over time was analyzed using standardized digital imaging software. DFUs were present without healing for a mean duration of 76 weeks prior to the study. They found a significant difference in healing rate between patients receiving topical oxygen and those receiving standard care. Topical oxygen, therefore, represents a potentially exciting new technology to shorten healing time in patients with nonhealing DFUs. More prospective randomized and powered studies are needed to determine the benefits of topical oxygen, but our current results are very promising.
End to end Sequence Labeling via Bi directional LSTM CNNs CRF
Venue: ACL

State of the art sequence labeling systems traditionally require large amounts of task specific knowledge in the form of hand crafted features and data pre processing. In this paper, we introduce a novel neutral network architecture that benefits from both word and character level representations automatically, by using combination of bidirectional LSTM, CNN and CRF. Our system is truly end to end, requiring no feature engineering or data pre processing, thus making it applicable to a wide range of sequence labeling tasks. We evaluate our system on two data sets for two sequence labeling tasks Penn Treebank WSJ corpus for part of speech (POS) tagging and CoNLL 2003 corpus for named entity recognition (NER) We obtain state of the art performance on both the two data 97.55\ accuracy for POS tagging and 91.21\ F1 for NER.
High performance loop closure detection using bag of word pairs
Venue: Robotics Auton. Syst.

We propose a new method for loop closure detection for topological mapping.It uses relative spatial co occurrence information to improve the performance.We augment BoW method with a dictionary of spatially co occurring word pairs.A memory map data structure is used for storing and indexing word pairs.We incorporate best of the existing methods to provide state of the art performance. In this paper, we look into the problem of loop closure detection in topological mapping. The bag of words (BoW) is a popular approach which is fast and easy to implement, but suffers from perceptual aliasing, primarily due to vector quantization. We propose to overcome this limitation by incorporating the spatial co occurrence information directly into the dictionary itself. This is done by creating an additional dictionary comprising of word pairs, which are formed by using a spatial neighborhood defined based on the scale size of each point feature. Since the word pairs are defined relative to the spatial location of each point feature, they exhibit a directional attribute which is a new finding made in this paper. The proposed approach, called bag of word pairs (BoWP) uses relative spatial co occurrence of words to overcome the limitations of the conventional BoW methods. Unlike previous methods that use spatial arrangement only as a verification step, the proposed method incorporates spatial information directly into the detection level and thus, influences all stages of decision making. The proposed BoWP method is implemented in an on line fashion by incorporating some of the popular concepts such as, K D tree for storing and searching features, Bayesian probabilistic framework for making decisions on loop closures, incremental creation of dictionary and using RANSAC for confirming loop closure for the top candidate. Unlike previous methods, an incremental version of K D tree implementation is used which prevents rebuilding of tree for every incoming image, thereby reducing the per image computation time considerably. Through experiments on standard datasets it is shown that the proposed methods provide better recall performance than most of the existing methods. This improvement is achieved without making use any geometric information obtained from range sensors or robot odometry. The computational requirements for the algorithm is comparable to that of BoW methods and is shown to be less than the latest state of the art method in this category.
BOWL: Bag of Word Clusters Text Representation Using Word Embeddings
Venue: KSEM

The text representation is fundamental for text mining and information retrieval. The Bag Of Words (BOW) and its variants (e.g. TF IDF) are very basic text representation methods. Although the BOW and TF IDF are simple and perform well in tasks like classification and clustering, its representation efficiency is extremely low. Besides, word level semantic similarity is not captured which results failing to capture text level similarity in many situations. In this paper, we propose a straightforward Bag Of Word cLusters (BOWL) representation for texts in a higher level, much lower dimensional space. We exploit the word embeddings to group semantically close words and consider them as a whole. The word embeddings are trained on a large corpus and incorporate extensive knowledge. We demonstrate on three benchmark datasets and two tasks, that BOWL representation shows significant advantages in terms of representation accuracy and efficiency.
A Fusion of Bag of Word Model and Hierarchical K Means+ in Image Retrieval
Venue: IUKM

This paper proposes an Image Retrieval method using the Bag of Word model combining with Hierarchical K Means+ algorithm to store and arrange databases, called BoW HKM+ approach. A Hierarchical tree is proposed to improve the processing speed in retrieval data. In this research: (1) we first build a bag of word model based on SIFT feature extraction on images; (2) then show its improvement by using inverted index technical for whole feature databases; (3) the Hierarchical K Means+ algorithm is also proposed in the bag of word model to optimize retrieval system. Experiment results were evaluated with k fold cross validation method on 2 datasets of James Z. Wang Research Group. Finally, the obtained results will be compared with other method and discussed to prove the effectiveness of proposed framework in Image Retrieval problems.
The Kernel Adaptive Autoregressive Moving Average Algorithm
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems

In this paper, we present a novel kernel adaptive recurrent filtering algorithm based on the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, which is trained with recurrent stochastic gradient descent in the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. This kernelized recurrent system, the kernel adaptive ARMA (KAARMA) algorithm, brings together the theories of adaptive signal processing and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) extending the current theory of kernel adaptive filtering (KAF) using the representer theorem to include feedback. Compared with classical feedforward KAF methods, the KAARMA algorithm provides general nonlinear solutions for complex dynamical systems in a state space representation, with a deferred teacher signal, by propagating forward the hidden states. We demonstrate its capabilities to provide exact solutions with compact structures by solving a set of benchmark nondeterministic polynomial complete problems involving grammatical inference. Simulation results show that the KAARMA algorithm outperforms equivalent input space recurrent architectures using first and second order RNNs, demonstrating its potential as an effective learning solution for the identification and synthesis of deterministic finite automata.
Feasibility of school based computer assisted robotic gaming technology for upper limb rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy
Venue: Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology

We investigated the feasibility of using computer assisted arm rehabilitation (CAAR) computer games in schools. Outcomes were children's preference for single player or dual player mode, and changes in arm activity and kinematics.  Nine boys and two girls with cerebral palsy (6 12 years, mean 9 years) played assistive technology computer games in single user mode or with school friends in an AB BA design. Preference was determined by recording the time spent playing each mode and by qualitative feedback. We used the ABILHAND kids and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure to evaluate activity limitation, and a portable laptop based device to capture arm kinematics.  No difference was recorded between single user and dual user modes (median daily use 9.27 versus 11.2 min, p 0.214) Children reported dual user mode was preferable. There were no changes in activity limitation (ABILHAND kids, p 0.424; COPM, p 0.484) but we found significant improvements in hand speed (p 0.028) smoothness (p 0.005) and accuracy (p 0.007)  School timetables prohibit extensive use of rehabilitation technology but there is potential for its short term use to supplement a rehabilitation program. The restricted access to the rehabilitation games was sufficient to improve arm kinematics but not arm activity.  School premises and teaching staff present no obstacles to the installation of rehabilitation gaming technology. Twelve minutes per day is the average amount of time that the school time table permits children to use rehabilitation gaming equipment (without disruption to academic attendance) The use of rehabilitation gaming technology for an average of 12 minutes daily does not appear to benefit children's functional performance, but there are improvements in the kinematics of children's upper limb.
Flash storage disaggregation
Venue: EuroSys

PCIe based Flash is commonly deployed to provide datacenter applications with high IO rates. However, its capacity and bandwidth are often underutilized as it is difficult to design servers with the right balance of CPU, memory and Flash resources over time and for multiple applications. This work examines Flash disaggregation as a way to deal with Flash overprovisioning. We tune remote access to Flash over commodity networks and analyze its impact on workloads sampled from real datacenter applications. We show that, while remote Flash access introduces a 20% throughput drop at the application level, disaggregation allows us to make up for these overheads through resource efficient scale out. Hence, we show that Flash disaggregation allows scaling CPU and Flash resources independently in a cost effective manner. We use our analysis to draw conclusions about data and control plane issues in remote storage.