nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Public private partnerships in national cyber security strategies

Despite its centrality in the national cyber security strategies of the US and the UK, the public private partnership is a nebulous arrangement, which is especially problematic in the context of critical infrastructure protection. Privately owned and operated critical infrastructure that is regarded as a potential national security vulnerability raises questions about the allocation of responsibility and accountability in terms of cyber security. As with many aspects of cyber security, this issue is often discussed with little reference to previous scholarship that could provide conceptual scaffolding. This article draws on the extensive literature on public private partnerships in order to assess the tensions and challenges of this arrangement in national cyber security strategies. It finds that there is a serious disjuncture in expectations from both 'partners' The government regards privately owned and operated critical infrastructure as a key element of national security but is reluctant to claim a mandate to oversee network security. At the same time, the private sector is not inclined to accept responsibility or liability for national cyber security. This challenge for governments to manage national cyber security raises questions about how well equipped these states are to promote their own security in the information age. Acknowledging the flaws in the 'partnership' is an essential step towards addressing them.
Quantifying Toxicity and Verbal Violence on Twitter
Venue: CSCW Companion

Online harassment is a continuing problem, endemic to many social media platforms and other means of web based communications, and few means exist to analyze web content for instances of verbal violence and aggression. We are developing a scale of online aggression that can be applied to Twitter posts (tweets) and that is based on existing measures of trait aggression and cyberbullying. For the purpose of testing and validating our scale, we are relying on Mechanical Turk, an Amazon Web Service, through which we can enlist and pay workers to code our dataset of tweets. Preliminary results suggest that aggression in tweets is difficult for human coders to identify and that we have not reached consensus about what constitutes harassment online. We discuss our preliminary results and propose next steps such as scale modification and automated classifier development.
N opcode analysis for android malware classification and categorization
Venue: 2016 International Conference On Cyber Security And Protection Of Digital Services (Cyber Security)

Malware detection is a growing problem particularly on the Android mobile platform due to its increasing popularity and accessibility to numerous third party app markets. This has also been made worse by the increasingly sophisticated detection avoidance techniques employed by emerging malware families. This calls for more effective techniques for detection and classification of Android malware. Hence, in this paper we present an n opcode analysis based approach that utilizes machine learning to classify and categorize Android malware. This approach enables automated feature discovery that eliminates the need for applying expert or domain knowledge to define the needed features. Our experiments on 2520 samples that were performed using up to 10 gram opcode features showed that an f measure of 98% is achievable using this approach.
Subjective correlates and consequences of belief in free will

Four studies measured or manipulated beliefs in free will to illuminate how such beliefs are linked to other aspects of personality. Study 1 showed that stronger belief in free will was correlated with more gratitude, greater life satisfaction, lower levels of perceived life stress, a greater sense of self efficacy, greater perceived meaning in life, higher commitment in relationships, and more willingness to forgive relationship partners. Study 2 showed that the belief in free will was a stronger predictor of life satisfaction, meaning in life, gratitude, and self efficacy than either locus of control or implicit person theory. Study 3 showed that experimentally manipulating disbelief in free will caused a reduction in the perceived meaningfulness of life. Study 4 found that inducing a stronger belief in free will caused people to set more meaningful goals for themselves. The possible concern that believers in free will simply claim all manner of positive traits was contradicted by predicted null findings with regard to sense of humor, empathy, and self rated attractiveness. Taken together, the present studies show that the belief in free will is a strong predictor of several positive traits and outcomes.
A Video Feedback Intervention for Workforce Development: Exploring Staff Perspective Using Longitudinal Qualitative Methodology.
Venue: Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities JARID

In this study, we explored the impact of staff training that used video feedback to help staff see the effect of their interactional work with service users. The study was based at a large organization delivering services for children and adults with autism.  A longitudinal qualitative study with semi structured interviews was conducted to explore changes over time in 10 staff participants who received the intervention. Five participants were interviewed twice before they received the video feedback intervention to gauge the degree to which their perspective changed as part of the natural course of their working lives.  The results showed that the staff talked differently after they had the intervention. The most notable change was their talk about the service user perspective which was evident after the intervention but not before.  The outcomes suggest that the use of video feedback of in situ practice could help staff develop person centred work practices.
Sample Size in Qualitative Interview Studies
Venue: Qualitative health research

Sample sizes must be ascertained in qualitative studies like in quantitative studies but not by the same means. The prevailing concept for sample size in qualitative studies is "saturation." Saturation is closely tied to a specific methodology, and the term is inconsistently applied. We propose the concept "information power" to guide adequate sample size for qualitative studies. Information power indicates that the more information the sample holds, relevant for the actual study, the lower amount of participants is needed. We suggest that the size of a sample with sufficient information power depends on (a) the aim of the study, (b) sample specificity, (c) use of established theory, (d) quality of dialogue, and (e) analysis strategy. We present a model where these elements of information and their relevant dimensions are related to information power. Application of this model in the planning and during data collection of a qualitative study is discussed.
Quantitative optimization of nurses in emergency department of teaching hospital: A case study

In hospitals, nurses are often the most important part of the human resources, as 62 of the workforce and 36 of hospital costs are related to the nursing staff. Emergency Department (ED) requires an adequate number of nurses due to its crucial role in delivering emergency medical services round the clock. In current study were examined optimization of nurses in ED using Linear Programming (LP) model.  This study type is practical and using LP Model was conducted in ED in the first quarter of 2014. Research population identified by census and include all patients (3342 persons) admitted to ED and its nurses (84 persons) Number of patients and nurses were gathered from hospital information system and human resources database respectively. To determine the optimum number of nurses in various shifts, after extracting of descriptive statistics, LP model created by literature review and professional consultation, and run in GAMS software.  Before running the model, number of nurses was needed in ED in the morning, evening and in the night (two shifts) shifts were 26, 24 and 34 nurses respectively. After using the model, optimum number of nurses was 62 that were required 17 nurses in the morning shift, 17 nurses in the evening and 28 nurses (two shifts) in the night shift. This number was reduced to 60 nurses using sensitivity analysis.  number of nurses estimated by LP was less than the number of nurses working in the ED. This difference can be reduced by scientific understanding of the factors influencing the allocation and distribution of nurses in the ED, and flexibility organizing of them. (c) IEOM Society International. (c) IEOM Society International.
A Quantitative Study Investigating the Effects of Computerised Clinical Decision Support in the Emergency Department
Venue: Nursing Informatics

This paper describes the evaluation of a computerized clinical decision support system (CCDSS) for Emergency Department (ED) triage. The CCDSS for triage was developed as a means to improve ED quality and safety. Whilst there is significant research on the role of CCDSS in health care, their role in EDs remains under investigated. In this study, a CCDSS for ED triage was developed and evaluated using a quasi experimental interrupted time series design. Data was collected at four time points before and after the introduction of the CCDSS to assess key aspects of quality and safety within the ED. The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in triage prioritization (p 0.001) pain scoring (p 0.001) and pain management (p 0.001) This study clearly identifies the positive clinical impact that a CCDSS can have on quality and safety for ED patients and provides a unique contribution to the current knowledge base.
Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments from a source water reservoir

Surface sediment samples were collected from a source water reservoir in Zhejiang Province, East of China to investigate pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of heavy metals. The BCR sequential extraction method was used to determine the four chemical fractions of heavy metals such as acid soluble, easily reducible, easily oxidizable and residual fractions. The heavy metals pollution and potential ecological risk were evaluated systematically using geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and Hakanson potential ecological risk index (H' The results showed that the sampling sites from the estuaries of tributary flowing through downtowns and heavy industrial parks showed significantly (p 0.05) higher average concentrations of heavy metals in the surface sediments, as compared to the other sampling sites. Chemical fractionation showed that Mn existed mainly in acid extractable fraction, Cu and Pb were mainly in reducible fraction, and As existed mainly in residual fraction in the surface sediments despite sampling sites. The sampling sites from the estuary of tributary flowing through downtown showed significantly (p 0.05) higher proportions of acid extractable and reducible fractions than the other sampling sites, which would pose a potential toxic risk to aquatic organisms as well as a potential threat to drinking water safety. As, Pb, Ni and Cu were at relatively high potential ecological risk with high Igeo values for some sampling locations. Hakanson potential ecological risk index (H' showed the surface sediments from the tributary estuaries with high population density and rapid industrial development showed significantly (p 0.05) higher heavy metal pollution levels and potential ecological risk in the surface sediments, as compared to the other sampling sites.
Differences in sexual behavior, health, and history of child abuse among school students who had and had not engaged in sexual activity by the age of 18 years: a cross sectional study
Venue: Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics

Empirical research about late sexual debut and its consequences is limited, and further research is needed.  To explore how students who had not had intercourse by the age of 18 years differed in terms of sociodemographic factors, physical and psychological health, sexual behavior, and history of sexual abuse from those who had.  This is a cross sectional survey involving 3,380 Swedish 18 year olds. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate different types of sexual behavior. Ordinal data concerning alcohol consumption, self esteem, sexual and physical abuse, parental relationships, sense of coherence, and health were analyzed, and multiple regression was carried out to identify the most important factors associated with no sexual debut.  Just under a quarter of the adolescents had not had oral, anal, or vaginal sex by the age of 18 years, and they comprised the index group. They were characterized by being more likely to have caring fathers, parents born outside Europe, lower pornography consumption, lower alcohol and tobacco consumption, less antisocial behavior, and above all lower sexual desire (sometimes, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.8; never/seldom, aOR 13.3) and fewer experiences of sexual abuse (aOR 25.5) Family structure and culture matters when it comes to the age of sexual debut.  Adolescents with no sexual debut at 18 years of age seemed to live a more stable and cautious life than more sexual experienced peers, exemplified by fewer antisocial acts, less smoking and alcohol/drug consumption, less sexual desire, and less experience of sexual abuse.
Revisiting the relationship between marketing capabilities and firm performance: The moderating role of market orientation, marketing strategy and organisational power

This study extends original insights of resource advantage theory (Hunt Morgan, 1995) to a specific analysis of the moderators of the capabilities performance relationship such as market orientation, marketing strategy and organisational power. Using established measures and a representative sample of UK firms drawn from Verhoef and Leeflang's data (2009) our study tests new hypotheses to explain how different types of marketing capabilities contribute to firm performance. The application of resource advantage theory advances theorising on both marketing and organisational antecedents of firm performance and the causal mechanisms by which competitive advantage is generated.
Learning to Generate Posters of Scientific Papers
Venue: AAAI

Researchers often summarize their work in the form of posters. Posters provide a coherent and efficient way to convey core ideas from scientific papers. Generating a good scientific poster, however, is a complex and time consuming cognitive task, since such posters need to be readable, informative, and visually aesthetic. In this paper, for the first time, we study the challenging problem of learning to generate posters from scientific papers. To this end, a data driven framework, that utilizes graphical models, is proposed. Specifically, given content to display, the key elements of a good poster, including panel layout and attributes of each panel, are learned and inferred from data. Then, given inferred layout and attributes, composition of graphical elements within each panel is synthesized. To learn and validate our model, we collect and make public a Poster Paper dataset, which consists of scientific papers and corresponding posters with exhaustively labelled panels and attributes. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate the effectiveness of our approach.
Preparing Scientific Papers, Posters, and Slides.
Venue: Journal of surgical education

Publications and presentations are important in academic medicine. The ability to present information in a standard fashion is critically important. Papers, posters, and slides must be prepared appropriately to maximize their chance of being accepted. The first step is to use word processing software correctly. English language usage must conform to standard scientific English usage. Abbreviations should be avoided as much as possible. Numerical data must be presented with the appropriate number of significant figures. The first step in preparing a paper is to decide the target journal. Papers should always be written in 12 point Times New Roman font, while slides and posters should be in Arial or Helvetica. The Results section must contain actual data with appropriate statistical analysis. Take great care to prepare figures and tables according to the journal's instructions. Posters must be prepared to allow easy reading at a distance of 2m. Use a white background and dark letters. The majority of the area of your poster should be Results, and there is no need to include the abstract or references on a poster. Slide presentations should be limited to about one slide for each minute of the talk. Avoid the use of animations and excessive use of color. Do not use abbreviations on slides. Following these simple guidelines will meet the requirements of most journals and allow your audience to appreciate the data on your posters and slides.
Multiple reference effects on restaurant evaluations: a cross cultural study

This paper aims to explore multiple reference effects with regard to customers' post consumption evaluations in a cross cultural context. The authors propose to test an integrative model of three types of reference effects (disconfirmation, attractiveness of alternatives and self image congruity) and their relationship to customers' evaluations associated with satisfaction and loyalty. Additional insight into the link between reference points and customer satisfaction is provided by examining the moderating influence of the cultural orientation of customers: South Korean (an Eastern, collectivist and high uncertainty avoidance culture) versus American (a Western, individualistic and low uncertainty avoidance culture),The data for this study were collected through a Web based survey. Based on a sample of 723 Korean and American consumers, multi group analysis of structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model and the moderating effect of culture.,Overall, the results indicated that American customers' use of reference points in their post consumption evaluations is significantly different from that of Korean customers. Specifically, disconfirmation had a stronger effect on Korean customers than on their American counterparts, whereas the attractiveness of alternatives had a stronger effect on American customers than on those from Korea. Moreover, self image congruity was found to be equally important in both cultures.,Owing to the comparison of American and Korean participants in this study, these results may not be applied to customers from other countries. Moreover, the study is limited to post consumption evaluations in restaurants and generalization of the results to other industries may be ill advised. Thus, further research is required to replicate the results and include customers from different countries in more diverse consumption settings.,The findings provide useful guidance for efficient marketing strategies to generate positive consumer outcomes across borders. Marketers must consider the interaction of cultures and customers to better understand customer perceptions and evaluations about their experiences. This understanding will enable the marketers to more effectively communicate with their target markets and allow them to tailor advertising to different segments of their customer base contingent upon their cultural orientations.,Although the role of reference effects has begun to attract considerable interest among consumer behavior researchers, much of this research has been conducted in a single cultural context. Because the global economy is becoming increasingly cross cultural, it is valuable to conduct international consumer research to further the understanding of consumers' post consumption evaluation processes using multiple reference points from a global perspective.
CofiFab
Venue: SIGGRAPH 2016

This paper presents CofiFab, a coarse to fine 3D fabrication solution, combining 3D printing and 2D laser cutting for cost effective fabrication of large objects at lower cost and higher speed. Our key approach is to first build coarse internal base structures within the given 3D object using laser cutting, and then attach thin 3D printed parts, as an external shell, onto the base to recover the fine surface details. CofiFab achieves this with three novel algorithmic components. First, we formulate an optimization model to compute fabricatable polyhedrons of maximized volume, as the geometry of the internal base. Second, we devise a new interlocking scheme to tightly connect the laser cut parts into a strong internal base, by iteratively building a network of nonorthogonal joints and interlocking parts around polyhedral corners. Lastly, we optimize the partitioning of the external object shell into 3D printable parts, while saving support material and avoiding overhangs. Besides cost saving, these components also consider aesthetics, stability and balancing. Hence, CofiFab can efficiently produce large objects by assembly. To evaluate CofiFab, we fabricate objects of varying shapes and sizes, and show that CofiFab can significantly outperform previous methods.
The Peritext Book Club: Reading to Foster Critical Thinking about STEAM Texts.

An after school book club, led by the school librarian, was held to test the efficacy of the peritextual literacy framework (PLF) in teaching skills related to critical thinking, problem solving, information literacy, and media literacy. The PLF is an extension of paratext theory developed by Gerard Genette, which provides a typology of the functions of peritext; this extension results in a framework that can be used for research or as a scaffold for teaching. Twelve middle school students met once a month for five months to apply the PLF to an analysis of science, technology, engineering, art, and math (STEAM) texts. The participants enjoyed the club and were able to demonstrate their ability to use peritextual elements to think critically about STEAM related nonfiction books. Students were able to discuss how the functions of peritext affected their motivation to read a text and their ability to retrieve information from a text, and how peritext functions might affect their opinion of the credibility of information presented in a book.
Bacillus subtilis Spore Resistance towardsLow Pressure Plasma Sterilization

1. Non thermal Plasmas for Sterilization 1.1 Motivation for Search of Alternative Sterilization  Microbial contamination on surfaces is a recurring problem within health, pharmaceutical and food industry sectors (Abreu et al. 2013, Rutala and Weber, 2013) Surface sterilization is a crucial step to ensure sterility of food processing equipment, minimize spread of pathogens and prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections (Williams et al. 2009) Common sterilization procedures that are widely used for microbial inactivation include heat treatment (dry and moist heat) chemical disinfection with solutions or gases (H2O2, ethylene oxide) filtration, and exposure to ionizing radiation (reviewed in Rutala and Weber, 2013) While generally effective, most conventional methods suffer from significant drawbacks and restrictions. Currently employed procedures can introduce considerable damage to the treated material due to the exposure to elevated temperatures or aggressive chemicals and often pose a risk to the operator, rendering these methods suboptimal in many applications (Yardimci and Setlow, 2010) These limitations have motivated the search for alternative sterilization methods. Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods as it offers rapid and efficient microbial inactivation, while being gentle to sensitive and heatlabile materials and very safe to the operating staff. Over the last decade, the application of non thermal plasmas has gained wide attention in biomedical and nutritional research, as well as in space flight applications (De Geyter and Morent, 2012, Shimizu et al. 2014; Lerouge, 2000)