nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Secondary metabolites from an infusion of Lippia gracilis Schauer using the LC DAD SPE/NMR hyphenation technique

The genus Lippia comprises approximately 200 species of herbs, shrubs and small trees, distributed throughout the South and Central America and tropical Africa. The species Lippia gracilis Schauer is an endemic aromatic plant of the Brazilian Northeast normally found in the states of Bahia, Sergipe and Piaui. The traditional communities of Caatinga, a semi arid region of the Brazilian Northeast, use its leaves to treat throat and mouth infections, cutaneous diseases, ulcers, vagina disorders, acne, Pityriasis alba, dandruff, burns, wounds, sinusitis, bronchitis, nasal congestion, headache, jaundice and paralysis. Considering that the main investigations into the L. gracilis Schauer species are focused on its volatile constituents, in this report, we describe the isolation, by liquid chromatography with diode array detector solid phase extraction/nuclear magnetic resonance (LC DAD SPE/NMR) of five flavonoids besides free and glycosidically bound carvacrol from an infusion of the leaves of a genotype of this species.
Study on the effect of small scale on the wave reflection in carbon nanotubes using nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory and wave propagation approach

This paper presents the wave propagation approach for analyzing the free vibration and wave reflection in carbon nanotubes. The propagation and reflection matrices obtained by the wave propagation method are useful for the analysis of mechanical energy transmission and reflection in micro/nano devices. These matrices can also be used for obtaining the natural frequencies of carbon nanotubes. Firstly, the obtained natural frequencies by this method are compared with the results in the literature. Then, the effect of small scale on the reflected power of an incident wave upon different boundary conditions is studied in details. It was found that the reflected power of an incident wave upon a simply supported boundary is independent of the small scale, incident wave frequency, material and geometrical parameters of the carbon nanotubes while the reflected power of a wave upon clamped and free boundary conditions depends on the small scale, incident wave frequency, material and geometrical parameters.
Chinese Version of Psychometric Evaluation of Self Reflection and Insight Scale on Taiwanese Nursing Students
Venue: The journal of nursing research JNR

Self reflection (also known as reflection) is an internal process that is difficult to perceive or assess. An instrument that is able to measure self reflection may serve as a resource for educators to assess the learning process of students and to tailor education approaches to student needs.  The aim of this study was to translate the Self Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties for use with Taiwanese nursing students.  For this cross sectional study, nursing students were recruited from two nursing schools in southern Taiwan in two phases: Phase 1, which included 361 fourth year students, and Phase 2, which included 703 fifth year students. Data were collected in December 2012 and May 2013 using the Chinese version of the SRIS (SRIS C) Taiwan Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, and the Perceived Identity as a Nurse Questionnaire, which was developed by the author. In Phase 1, exploratory factor analysis was used to explore the factor structure of the SRIS C in the fourth year student participants. In Phase 2, confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the fitness of the model for the fifth year student participants.  Eight items were deleted from the original SRIS to create the SRIS C. Thus, the Chinese version measure had 12 items and two factors (self reflection and insight) that fit the data well. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the total scale and its two subscales were .79, .87, and .83, respectively. The 3 week test retest reliability was .74. SRIS C scores correlated significantly with scores on the Taiwan Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and the Perceived Identity as a Nurse Questionnaire, indicating good convergent validity for the SRIS C.  The current study showed that the SRIS C has sound psychometric properties. This instrument provides nurse educators with information that may be used to evaluate the self reflection and insight of students and to develop interventions to effectively improve these skills in Chinese language based nursing education.
Doping in sport and exercise: anabolic, ergogenic, health and clinical issues
Venue: Annals of clinical biochemistry

The use of doping agents is evident within competitive sport in senior and junior age groups, where they are taken by non elite as well as elite participants. They are also taken in non sporting contexts by individuals seeking to 'improve' their physique through an increase in muscle and/or decrease in fat mass. While attaining accurate data on the prevalence of their use has limitations, studies suggest the illicit use of doping agents by athletes and non athletes may be 1 5% in the population and greater than 50% in some groups; with the prevalence being higher in males. There is conclusive evidence that some doping agents are anabolic and ergogenic. There is also evidence that the use of doping agents such as anabolic androgenic steroids, growth hormone and other anabolic agents, erythropoietin and stimulants conveys considerable health risks that include, but are not limited to: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, mental health issues, virilisation in females and the suppression of naturally produced androgens in males. This review will outline the anabolic, ergogenic and health impacts of selected doping agents and methods that may be used in both the sporting and physique development contexts. It also provides a brief tabulated overview of the history of doping and how doping agents may impact upon the analyses of clinical samples.
Predicting Marital Satisfaction Based on Gender Beliefs and Thinking Styles of Married Women in Tehran

The role of gender beliefs and thinking styles in creating an interpersonal understanding are significant and it can be said that if the family environment, education, and employment of people with their thinking style is consistent or inconsistent, it can have stronger or weaker effect at different stages of life. The aim of this study was to predict marital satisfaction based on gender beliefs and thinking styles of married women in Tehran.  The method of study was correlation. The study population consisted of all married women referred to health centers of area two of Tehran in 2015 16. Using cluster sampling, 220 samples were selected. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used.  The results showed that marital satisfaction has a significant positive correlation with the belief masculine gender (P<0.01) respectively. Marital satisfaction was significantly and the beliefs of female sexuality and gender. Also liberal thinking style (two tailed test, P<0.01) and conservative (P<0.05) has had a significant positive correlation with marital satisfaction. Legislator thinking style, executive, judicial thinking style, holistic and component oriented. There is no significant relationship with marital satisfaction. Thinking styles and gender beliefs have relation with marital satisfaction.  The results of this study showed that gender beliefs and thinking styles is an important resource to predict marital satisfaction.
Does Poor Understanding of Physical World Predict Religious and Paranormal Beliefs

Although supernatural beliefs often paint a peculiar picture about the physical world, the possibility that the beliefs might be based on inadequate understanding of the non social world has not received research attention. In this study (N 258) we therefore examined how physical world skills and knowledge predict religious and paranormal beliefs. The results showed that supernatural beliefs correlated with all variables that were included, namely, with low systemizing, poor intuitive physics skills, poor mechanical ability, poor mental rotation, low school grades in mathematics and physics, poor common knowledge about physical and biological phenomena, intuitive and analytical thinking styles, and in particular, with assigning mentality to non mental phenomena. Regression analyses indicated that the strongest predictors of the beliefs were overall physical capability (a factor representing most physical skills, interests, and knowledge) and intuitive thinking style.
How I treat resistant cytomegalovirus infection in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients.
Venue: Blood

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant complication in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Four antiviral drugs are used for preventing or treating CMV: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. With prolonged and repeated use of these drugs, CMV can become resistant to standard therapy, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in HCT recipients. Antiviral drug resistance should be suspected when CMV viremia (DNAemia or antigenemia) fails to improve or continue to increase after 2 weeks of appropriately dosed and delivered antiviral therapy. CMV resistance is diagnosed by detecting specific genetic mutations. UL97 mutations confer resistance to ganciclovir and valganciclovir, and a UL54 mutation confers multidrug resistance. Risk factors for resistance include prolonged or previous anti CMV drug exposure or inadequate dosing, absorption, or bioavailability. Host risk factors include type of HCT and degree of immunosuppression. Depending on the genotyping results, multiple strategies can be adopted to treat resistant CMV infections, albeit no randomized clinical trials exist so far, after reducing immunosuppression (if possible) ganciclovir dose escalation, ganciclovir and foscarnet combination, and adjunct therapy such as CMV specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte infusions. Novel therapies such as maribavir, brincidofovir, and letermovir should be further studied for treatment of resistant CMV.
Decentralisation and Urban Governance: Trends and Lessons from Cities in Tanzania

In an endeavour to enhance good governance, over the last two decades, the Government of Tanzania has been implementing a programme aimed at reforming local government through decentralisation by devolution (D by D) At the centre of the D by D lies the need to build the capacity of the local (urban) governments to discharge their service delivery functions more effectively and efficiently. Other critical features of the programme, which also match the cardinal principles of good governance, include enhanced stakeholders' participation, improved partnership with non state actors and enabling the lower level administrative units of the local government to implement locally conceived and prioritised projects. Based on empirical data and information drawn from eight urban centres in Tanzania, this paper discusses how the D by D has been operationalised by the authorities with respect to the three aforementioned good governance attributes. It is argued that there has been a notable achievement in terms of stakeholders' participation; implementation of priority projects evolved by grassroots units and enhanced partnership in the delivery of basic services such as solid and liquid waste management and street cleaning. However, overdependence by local governments on central government grants and ineptitude among the local and central government staff in discharging their responsibilities, coupled with other institutional deficits, are real threats to meaningful implementation of D by D and improvement of urban governance in Tanzania.
Statistical Principles In Experimental Design

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Harvesting Wireless Sensor Node Data via Swarm Mobile Relays Robots
Venue: ICRA 2016

Harvesting wireless sensor node data by the mobile collector is a method that has received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper we investigate the problem of collecting Wireless sensor node (WSN) data when deployed randomly, To avoid networking between WSNs and base station, we use multi robot exploration to find them, collect their data and transfer information to the base station. In this work we use a balanced way instead of full coverage exploration strategy to optimize consumed time for finding sensor node.Inthis approach; we combine the common spanning tree exploration and segmentation strategy to reach the acceptable method. This approach divides the exploration area into several regions and then each robot separately collects data to determine the less explored segment for more exploration. Indeed experiment results show noted algorithm.
Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer in molecular biology.
Venue: Nanoscale

Single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a powerful technique for studying the conformation dynamics and interactions of individual biomolecules. In this review, we describe the concept and principle of smFRET, illustrate general instrumentation and microscopy settings for experiments, and discuss the methods and algorithms for data analysis. Subsequently, we review applications of smFRET in protein conformational changes, ion channel open close properties, receptor ligand interactions, nucleic acid structure regulation, vesicle fusion, and force induced conformational dynamics. Finally, we discuss the main limitations of smFRET in molecular biology.
Ultra fast, label free isolation of circulating tumor cells from blood using spiral microfluidics
Venue: Nature Protocols

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are rare cancer cells that are shed from primary or metastatic tumors into the peripheral blood circulation. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of these rare cells can provide important information to guide cancer staging and treatment, and thus further research into their characteristics and properties is an area of considerable interest. In this protocol, we describe detailed procedures for the production and use of a label free spiral microfluidic device to allow size based isolation of viable CTCs using hydrodynamic forces that are present in curvilinear microchannels. This spiral system enables us to achieve =85% recovery of spiked cells across multiple cancer cell lines and 99.99% depletion of white blood cells in whole blood. The described spiral microfluidic devices can be produced at an extremely low cost using standard microfabrication and soft lithography techniques (2 3 d) and they can be operated using two syringe pumps for lysed blood samples (7.5 ml in 12.5 min for a three layered multiplexed chip) The fast processing time and the ability to collect CTCs from a large patient blood volume allows this technique to be used experimentally in a broad range of potential genomic and transcriptomic applications.
Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA expression profiles and identification of functional lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma
Venue: Oncotarget

Increasing evidence has highlighted the critical roles of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Here, we characterized lncRNA expression profile in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) A training validation method was applied to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between LUAD samples and normal samples. 856 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified. Bioinformatics analyses showed that these lncRNAs were located nearby transcription start sites and key regulators of cancer and these lncRNAs were involved in many critical biological processes. We found the lung cancer associated lncRNA 6 (LCAL6) was significantly unregulated and predicted survival in LUAD. Silence of LCAL6 inhibited LUAD tumor cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. To summary, we comprehensively analyze lncRNA expression profile in LUAD and provide resources for further search for clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets of LUAD.
Deep Speech 2 End to End Speech Recognition in English and Mandarin
Venue: ICML

We show that an end to end deep learning approach can be used to recognize either English or Mandarin Chinese speech two vastly different languages. Because it replaces entire pipelines of hand engineered components with neural networks, end to end learning allows us to handle a diverse variety of speech including noisy environments, accents and different languages. Key to our approach is our application of HPC techniques, enabling experiments that previously took weeks to now run in days. This allows us to iterate more quickly to identify superior architectures and algorithms. As a result, in several cases, our system is competitive with the transcription of human workers when benchmarked on standard datasets. Finally, using a technique called Batch Dispatch with GPUs in the data center, we show that our system can be inexpensively deployed in an online setting, delivering low latency when serving users at scale.
No effect of orthographic neighbourhood in treatment with two cases of acquired dysgraphia

Studies on the nature of processing within the spelling system have provided evidence for interactivity, where activation between levels of processing flows bidirectionally. In particular, activated letters at the level of the graphemic buffer feed activation back to the lexicon. As a consequence lexical neighbours are activated, which in turn reactivate the graphemic buffer, supporting target selection and leading to an effect of orthographic neighbourhood size in spelling. As a consequence of this feedback, treating words with many neighbours may be more beneficial, and generalisation may be more likely to occur.  The current study aimed to further examine this interactivity, and in particular the role of orthographic neighbourhood size in both treatment effects and generalisation, in the treatment of two individuals with acquired dysgraphia. Two phases of copy and recall treatment were conducted to investigate if orthographic neighbourhood size modulates treatment effects: in the first phase, treated words had no orthographic neighbours, in the second phase, treated words had many neighbours. Untreated control sets were used to investigate the influence of neighbourhood size on potential generalisation across items.  Results showed that treated items improved, however neighbourhood size did not significantly influence the size of the treatment effect for either participant, and no clear evidence was found for generalisation to untreated items.  It is argued that (1) the amount of feedback from the buffer to the lexicon was reduced in the participants in this study, and consequently the treated items provide insufficient activation to orthographic neighbours or (2) the effect of feedback from neighbours is small compared to effects of treatment, resulting in similar results for treated words with and without neighbours. This study informs the relationship between spelling impairment and effects of treatment. Furthermore, the absence of generalisation emphasises the importance of choosing functionally relevant items for treatment.
The Role of Nutrients in Protecting Mitochondrial Function and Neurotransmitter Signaling: Implications for the Treatment of Depression, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

Numerous studies have linked severe stress to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that in rodents, chronic stress and the stress hormone cortisol cause oxidative damage to mitochondrial function and membrane lipids in the brain. Mitochondria play a key role in synaptic neurotransmitter signaling by providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mediating lipid and protein synthesis, buffering intracellular calcium, and regulating apoptotic and resilience pathways. Membrane lipids are similarly essential to central nervous system (CNS) function because cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sphingolipids form a lipid raft region, a special lipid region on the membrane that mediates neurotransmitter signaling through G protein coupled receptors and ion channels. Low serum cholesterol levels, low antioxidant capacity, and abnormal early morning cortisol levels are biomarkers consistently associated with both depression and suicidal behaviors. In this review, we summarize the manner in which nutrients can protect against oxidative damage to mitochondria and lipids in the neuronal circuits associated with cognitive and affective behaviors. These nutrients include o3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamin C and zinc) members of the vitamin B family (Vitamin B12 and folic acid) and magnesium. Accumulating data have shown that these nutrients can enhance neurocognitive function, and may have therapeutic benefits for depression and suicidal behaviors. A growing body of studies suggests the intriguing possibility that regular consumption of these nutrients may help prevent the onset of mood disorders and suicidal behaviors in vulnerable individuals, or significantly augment the therapeutic effect of available antidepressants. These findings have important implications for the health of both military and civilian populations.
The effect of diet components on the level of cortisol
Venue: European Food Research and Technology

The way and the quality of nutrition are important factors that can have influence on behavior of both the health and well being. Proper diet helps to maintain homeostasis in the body. Changes in lifestyle lead to increase the degree of food processing and hence reduce the nutritional value of available products. This forces the use of technological amendments in nourishment, i.e. fortification and formation of diet supplements. Modified food can complement diet in necessary nutrients. Environmental factors like activity can cause adaptation changes in endocrine system of every human. Cortisol is a corticosteroid, in which influence is varied depending on its concentration. Through its multipronged action, it mobilizes organism to fight stress, by ensuring a stable level of glucose, stimulating tissue's regeneration and inhibiting inflammation processes. Factors like stressful work, personal problems, intensive trainings can lead to long term sustained, excessive concentration of this hormone, affecting formation of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, increased blood pressure, abnormal bone regeneration and collagen synthesis or calcium deficiency in the organism. Diet supplementation is currently extensively used by both healthy and unwell people, in different age, but most commonly refers to physically active people. Lots of widely available dietary supplements contain nutrients which regulate steroid hormones homeostasis. Elaboration of optimal diet is one of the agents determining well being, health and success. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the effect of dietary components on level of cortisol.