nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fichte and Schelling: The Limitations of the Wissenschaftslehre?

In 1800 Fichte and Schelling began a correspondence in which they frankly addressed their philosophical differences,1 each alleging irreparable defects in the other's system and misunderstandings of their own. Their closing exchange in 1802, after which all direct communication between the two men ceased and mutual criticism became a feature of their published writings, brought to an end what had been originally and officially, ever since 1794, a relationship of philosophical cooperation, a common radical progressive front in the Kantian aftermath, confronting a single set of critics. Concerning one thing at least, they remained in agreement: the doctrine which defines in bold their philosophical opposition is that of the reality of Nature, denied by Fichte and affirmed by Schelling. The disagreement is however by no means self explanatory, for what it means to grant or deny Nature's reality is not, after Kant, a straightforward matter Fichte is no Berkeleyan idealist and Schelling no Lockeian realist and a lengthy route needs to be taken in order to understand how it evolved from what had been, to all appearances, a common post Kantian starting point. The first two parts of my discussion trace accordingly the history of their philosophical relationship, with close attention to Schelling's earliest published works, often referred to as comprising the 'Fichtean' period in his development. The third reviews the systematic ground of their disagreement.
FICHTE EM DEBATE COM SCHILLER ACERCA DA HERANCA DA CRITICA DO JUIZO

No verao de 1795, Fichte enviou para a revista As Horas (Die Horen) a primeira parte de um texto intitulado Sobre o espirito e a letra na filosofia Numa serie de cartas1. Neste escrito ele retomava e articulava em maneira original alguns dos temas fundamentais das suas prelecoes Sobre a diferenca entre o espirito e a letra na filosofia, que pertenciam ao ciclo mais amplo de prelecoes intitulado De officiis eruditorum de 1794/95. Schiller, editor da revista Die Horen, recusou a publicacao do manuscrito e explicou os motivos desta escolha numa carta. Ele declarou se insatisfeito tanto com a forma inadequada e confusa, quanto com o conteudo, ao ver dele, demasiado abstrato e nao correspondente ao titulo. Pois Fichte tinha anunciado um escrito sobre o espirito e letra na filosofia e no manuscrito, ao inves, fala principalmente do espirito na arte2. A dureza das palavras de Schiller e tanto mais surpreendente considerado o tamanho da admiracao deste por Fichte. Schiller, pois, assistiu entusiasta as prelecoes do ciclo De officiis eruditorum no verao 1794 e retomou alguns dos conceitos fundamentais da filosofia de Fichte e elaborando os posteriormente nas cartas sobre A educacao estetica do homem 3.
Especulacion, sentimiento y escision en el joven Fichte. Analisis de sus "Aforismos sobre religion y deismo"

Este articulo propone un analisis de los Aforismos sobre religion y deismo escritos por J. G. Fichte en 1790, poco antes de su conversion a la filosofia kantiana. Sostenemos que este texto no expresa la adhesion de Fichte al determinismo, ni al punto de vista del corazon, ni tampoco se limita a presentar la religion y el deismo como dos sistemas opuestos. Segun nuestra interpretacion, Fichte defiende dos tesis. En primer lugar, que la mezcla de ambos sistemas es inaceptable y hay que respetar el limite que existe entre ellos. En segundo lugar, que es imposible sostener ninguno de los dos sistemas, porque necesariamente entran en colision y dejan al ser humano en una situacion de desgarramiento. La conclusion del fragmento es, por lo tanto, la necesidad de buscar una posicion superadora, que logre subsanar la escision. Esa posicion superadora sera la Doctrina de la ciencia, que modifica los terminos del planteo antagonico y logra la reconciliacion de la libertad y la filosofia
Usability heuristics: A systematic review
Venue: 2016 IEEE 11th Colombian Computing Conference (CCC)

Heuristic evaluation is one of the most commonly used usability inspection methods. The set of usability heuristics plays a key role in the performance of this method. Traditionally, the ten Nielsen's usability heuristics have been widely applied. However, nowadays, new sets of specific usability heuristics are been developed in order to improve the results of usability evaluations. This paper presents a preliminar systematic literature review (SLR) conducted in order to analyze the progress in the development and use of usability heuristics. The main goal was to identify new sets of usability heuristics but also justify the need to formalize a process for developing specific usability heuristics.
Usability heuristics in the context of control features on mobile games
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICICTM)

This research is proposing for a new usability heuristics in the context of control features on mobile games for the use of touchscreen devices. Usability is the ease of use and learnability of a human made object while heuristics generic name for a set of techniques that involve inspectors examining the user interface to check whether it complies with a set of design principles. Due to small size and senseless feel of the touchscreens, these conventional usability heuristics is not suitable for use. Some references were made in order to develop a preliminary design for the new usability heuristics. Moreover, the design is based on two references; the Nielsen's Ten Heuristics and the ideas of Mark Overmars on how to design a good iPhone Games. This paper discusses the preliminary design ideas for designing the new usability heuristics for this specific use. Focusing on the control aspects, this preliminary model comprises of eight usability features which will be discussed more briefly in the next part of this paper. The results of this study will provide mobile game designers with a set of usability heuristics (control aspects) as their guidelines for designing and evaluating mobile games.
C U plane splitting architectures and Inter RAT management for Radio Reconfigurable Systems

This paper presents an overview and innovative Energy Efficient inter radio access technique (RAT) management algorithms combined with control/user pl ane separation architectures dedicated to Wi Fi overlay networks for future cellular networks. For that pur pose, several system concepts issued from collaborative p rojects and standardization activities are first detailed i n the paper. Following this overview, innovative architectures derived from the ICT FP7 MiWEBA project are presented. These new multi RAT architectures focuse d on power efficiency for coordinated networks, are currently tuned to mm wave overlay networks within the framework of the project and for further standardization actions. Link adaptation metrics used to support decision in air interface selection are exposed and their integrati on in cross layer network architectures is proposed. Gain s of such inter RAT management by the use of link adapta tion metrics are illustrated using a dedicated power eff icient metric, highlighting benefits of multi RAT management over C/U plane separation schemes.  Link Adaptation selection; mm wave HetNet s.
"Fly ash and GGBFS based powder activated geopolymer binders: A viable sustainable alternative of portland cement in concrete industry"

Geopolymer is a new binding material, synthesized by alkali activation of aluminosilicate compounds. Previous researches around the world postulated that concrete from geopolymer binder exhibited superior engineering, thermal and durability properties than ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete, such as higher mechanical strengths, higher resistivity to sulphate and acid attacks and higher thermal resistivity. Geopolymers are generally made from activation of aluminosilicate powders by highly concentrated sodium hydroxide and or sodium silicate solutions, known as liquid activated geopolymer. Recently, some cement and concrete companies around the world have commenced the production of liquid activator based geopolymer binders. However, this type of geopolymer does not appear as a viable replacement of Portland cement in concrete industry despite its substantial environmental benefits because of its limitation in mixing and handling process. Powder activated geopolymer contains alkali activators in powder form which are blended together with source material. This geopolymer binder is physically similar to OPC and mixing and handling process are also similar to conventional process. Experimental results showed that concrete from this binder can set and harden in ambient temperature with significant early age strength. Two types of powder activated geopolymer binders having different proportions of fly ash and slag were used in this study. Engineering properties of geopolymer concrete of four different strength grades (40, 50, 65 and 80 MPa) were investigated in detail at ambient curing condition and compared with OPC concrete of same grade.
Long term chloride migration coefficient in slag cement based concrete and resistivity as an alternative test method

This article reports on investigations of the resistivity and chloride migration coefficient D RCM obtained in the accelerated Rapid Chloride Migration test for slag cement based concretes. Determinations of the resistivity and D RCM were performed on 47 different concrete compositions, up to the age of 182 days. The obtained results demonstrate that, within the investigated age of concrete, factors such as cement fineness, slag origin, w/c ratio and cement and effective water contents clearly influence concrete resistivity and D RCM values. Moreover, a linear trend is observed between D RCM and conductivity. Based on this trend, resistivity determination is proposed as an alternative method for more laborious and time consuming chloride ingress test methods.
Crushed rock sand An economical and ecological alternative to natural sand to optimize concrete mix

The study investigates the use of crushed rock sand as viable alternative to Natural River sand that is being conventionally used as fine aggregate in cement concrete. Various mix designs were developed for different grades of concrete based on IS, ACI and British codes using Natural River sand and crushed rock sand. In each case, the cube compressive strength test, and beam flexure tests were conducted. The results of the study show that, the strength properties of concrete using crushed rock sand are nearly similar to the conventional concrete. The study has shown that crushed stone sand can be used as economic and readily available alternative to river sand and can therefore help to arrest the detrimental effects on the environment caused due to excessive mining of river sand.
Point Teleport Locomotion Technique for Virtual Reality
Venue: CHI PLAY

With the increasing popularity of virtual reality (VR) and new devices getting available with relatively lower costs, more and more video games have been developed recently. Most of these games use first person interaction techniques since it is more natural for Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) One of the most widely used interaction technique in VR video games is locomotion that is used to move user's viewpoint in virtual environments. Locomotion is an important component of video games since it can have a strong influence on user experience. In this study, a new locomotion technique we called "Point Teleport" is described and compared with two commonly used VR locomotion techniques of walk in place and joystick. In this technique, users simply point where they want to be in virtual world and they are teleported to that position. As a major advantage, it is not expected to introduce motion sickness since it does not involve any visible translational motion. In this study, two VR experiments were designed and performed to analyze the Point Teleport technique. In the first experiment, Point Teleport was compared with walk in place and joystick locomotion techniques. In the second experiment, a direction component was added to the Point Teleport technique so that the users could specify their desired orientation as well. 16 users took part in both experiments. Results indicated that Point Teleport is a fun and user friendly locomotion method whereas the additional direction component degraded the user experience.
Explorations for real time point cloud rendering of natural scenes in virtual reality
Venue: 2016 International Conference on 3D Imaging (IC3D)

This work is a proof of concept, where we explore the possibility of rendering natural scenes in a head mounted display device without meshing. Real time, stereoscopic full HD rendering is obtained for a 14 million points scene, using a low end graphics card for virtual reality (Nvidia GeForce GTX 970) within an Oculus Rift DK2. High quality is achieved by using splatting, while real time rendering is made possible by the means of a good data structure and a complexity reduction of the scene with techniques such as Optimized Sub Sampling, Level of Detail and Frustum Culling. Altogether, those techniques lead to a good virtual reality immersion. Choices and limitations of the proposed techniques are discussed.
Object Depth Estimation from a Single Image Using Fully Convolutional Neural Network
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been used successfully in solving different computer vision tasks such as classification, detection, and segmentation. This paper addresses the problem of estimating object depth from a single RGB image. While stereo depth estimation is a straightforward task, predicting depth map of an object from a single RGB image is a more challenging task due to the lack of information from various image cues. Prior work focuses on exploiting geometric information or hand crafted features. Also, they proposed the L2 norm to perform the optimization of a CNN during the training process. Using the L2 norm in regression tasks for optimization will bias the model. To address this problem, we propose a regression model with a fully convolutional neural network. To achieve robustness to outliers, we optimize the model using Tukey's biweight loss function, which is an M estimator that is robust against outliers. The predictions are given by a single fully CNN without any post processing techniques. In our experiments, we show that the quantitative and the qualitative results of using Tukey's biweight loss for optimization are better than of using L2 norm.
Digital Learning Environments

Learning environments are ubiquitous. Schools, universities, workplaces, professional organizations, community groups, families, religious groups, museums, after school programs, and peer groups are environments that provide opportunities for learning and socialization. As digital technologies saturate our lives and participation in online environments soars, both the number and the variety of digital learning environments are growing exponentially. Video games, social networking sites, open courses, and a variety of social and networked technologies provide individuals with opportunities to learn content and competencies, and adopt new behavior patterns. Growing numbers of learners are taking courses online (Allen and Seaman 2013) and governments, elected officials, and interest groups are encouraging the development of digital learning opportunities (e.g. European Commission 2013) Digital learning environments are central to endeavors to design, develop, and deliver digital learning opportunities. While the LMS (e.g. Blackboard, Desire2Learn, Moodle, Instructure Canvas) is often used in such initiatives, a number of other digital learning environments have been adopted (e.g. blogging platforms, social media, and other standalone digital environments) We note that the terms LMS and VLE refer to the same technology. The term LMS is used in this chapter. The notion of the learning environment is associated with the constructivist movement (Wilson 1995, 27) as emphasis has moved from the individual (e.g. student, instructor) to the context, to the place and space surrounding learning and instruction.  "learning environments seem intrinsically fuzzy and ill defined. That is, an environment that is good for learning cannot be fully prepackaged and defined. If students are involved in choosing learning activities and controlling pace and direction, a level of uncertainty and uncontrolledness comes into play." The increasing use of digital technologies in education gave rise to the notion of the digital learning environment. Yet, digital learning environments are also ill defined. Digital Learning Environments
Digital learning trails: Scaling technology facilitated curricular innovation in schools with a rhizomatic lens

Technological advances in the form of ubiquitous computing has altered the learning landscape today. Contemporary modes of learning afford curricular innovations in schools. While learning journeys of decades ago entailed field trips to places of interest such as museums and zoos where students completed tasks or worksheets after each trip, the learning journeys of today are facilitated by technological tools such as smart devices and global positioning systems. Learners are moving away from being mere content consumers through technology facilitated dialoguing and content creation (Tay and Lee 2014; Tan et al. 2011) In this paper we unpack tenets of a technology facilitated curricular innovation (CI) through a case study analysis of the development and implementation of a Digital Learning Trails (DLT) project. Through tracing the trajectory of the DLT project, we identify factors related to the scalability and sustainability of this CI that was developed in one school and subsequently used by more than 200 schools in Singapore. We posit that scaling curricular innovations in schools can be conceptually provisioned through a rhizomatic lens where innovation is characterized by multiple trajectories, allowing for recontextualizations of CIs. We argue that, (1) the pedagogic process in the context of education and scaling is based on supporting apprentice schools to make multiple recontextualizations; (2) the enculturation process of a school adopting and implementing a particular innovation is based on a rhizomatic rather than linear, conception of the development of expertise; and (3) the process of CI implementation is based on developing the capability to not only make multiple recontextualizations but also to accumulate enough capital to send out new 'roots and shoots' as it spreads.
Analytical and Numerical study of unsteady MHD free convection flow over an exponentially moving vertical plate with Heat Absorption

A study has been carried out with both analytical and numerical methods on unsteady, magnetohydrodynamic free convection, viscous, incompressible fluid flow past an accelerated, vertical plate in the presence of heat absorption and variable surface temperature and concentration. The dimensionless governing coupled, non linear boundary layer partial differential equations are solved by an efficient Element Free Galerkin Method as well as by the Laplace Transform Technique. Numerical results for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles as well as for the skin friction coefficient, wall heat transfer and mass transfer rate are obtained and reported graphically for various conditions to show interesting aspects of the numerical solutions. The comparison of the analytical and numerical results is very good indicating the correctness of the present analysis and its applicability.
Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement in MHD free convection flow over vertical plate utilizing nanofluids

A comprehensive numerical study of heat transfer enhancement in MHD free convection flow over vertical plate utilizing nanofluids has been carried out. Problem is formulated by using nanofluid volume fraction model by considering water based nanofluids containing copper and aluminum oxide. The transformed coupled, nonlinear dimensionless partial differential equations are solved numerically by using finite element method. The influence of pertinent physical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles is discussed and depicted with the aid of graphs. Finally, the numerical values of skin friction and Nusselt number within the flow regime are compared with the previously published work to ensure the correctness of this numerical scheme and an excellent agreement is obtained.
A Comprehensive Study of Text Mining Approach

Text mining or knowledge discovery is that sub process of data mining, which is widely being used to discover hidden patterns and significant information from the huge amount of unstructured written material. The proliferation of clouds, research and technologies are responsible for the creation of vast volumes of data. This kind of data cannot be used until or unless specific information or pattern is discovered. For this text mining uses techniques of different fields like machine learning, visualization, case based reasoning, text analysis, database technology statistics, knowledge management, natural language processing and information retrieval. Text mining is largely growing field of computer science simultaneously to big data and artificial intelligence. This paper contains the review of text mining techniques, tools and various applications.
Land conflict in peri urban areas: Exploring the effects of land reform on informal settlement in Mexico

Peri urban areas are often subject to intensive construction, through both formal and informal processes. As land transitions from rural to urban status, different land tenure and administration systems may come into conflict, leading to disputes, contestation and, in some cases, violence. However, little is known about the precise causes of peri urban land conflict. In Mexico, peri urban growth has historically proceeded peacefully, owing to the control exerted by a corporatist system of government, and the political use of land tenure regularisation. However, the effects of land reforms on transactions at the peri urban fringe, in the context of wider processes of liberalisation, may be increasing vulnerability to conflict over land. This paper explores these issues through a case study of an irregular settlement on the peri urban fringe of the provincial Mexican city of Xalapa, where contestations over informally developed land have escalated into violent encounters between groups of settlers and the state. The findings show that vulnerability to conflict in peri urban areas can be attributed to the interaction of macro level processes with local level factors, including diverse claims, overlapping legal and governance frameworks and, critically, local power relations.
XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System
Venue: KDD

Tree boosting is a highly effective and widely used machine learning method. In this paper, we describe a scalable end to end tree boosting system called XGBoost, which is used widely by data scientists to achieve state of the art results on many machine learning challenges. We propose a novel sparsity aware algorithm for sparse data and weighted quantile sketch for approximate tree learning. More importantly, we provide insights on cache access patterns, data compression and sharding to build a scalable tree boosting system. By combining these insights, XGBoost scales beyond billions of examples using far fewer resources than existing systems.