nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Table of nuclear electric quadrupole moments

This Table is a compilation of experimental measurements of static electric quadrupole moments of ground states and excited states of atomic nuclei throughout the periodic table. To aid identification of the states, their excitation energy, half life, spin and parity are given, along with a brief indication of the method and any reference standard used in the particular measurement. Experimental data from all quadrupole moment measurements actually provide a value of the product of the moment and the electric field gradient [EFG] acting at the nucleus. Knowledge of the EFG is thus necessary to extract the quadrupole moment. A single recommended moment value is given for each state, based, for each element, wherever possible, upon a standard reference moment for a nuclear state of that element studied in a situation in which the electric field gradient has been well calculated. For several elements one or more subsidiary EFG/moment reference is required and their use is specified. The literature search covers the period to mid 2015.
Ball impact localization on table tennis rackets using piezo electric sensors
Venue: SEMWEB

In this paper, we present an approach for a ball impact localization on table tennis rackets using piezo electric sensors. Three sensors were used as vibration sensors at the outer edge of the racket. We analyzed ball impact vibration appearances and measured time differences of arriving wave fronts for each sensor pair. A study was conducted comprising six different racket rubber combinations. Firstly, we calculated a time difference distribution model based on training sets of impact data constructed by a grid of measuring points. Secondly, this model was used to estimate the impact position of test data sets using three different methods. Best performance for each racket rubber combination was achieved with a linear regression based method yielding a RMSE in x direction (transversal racket direction) of 22.1 mm and a RMSE of 19.8 mm in y direction (longitudinal racket direction) The measuring system is small enough to be completely invisibly integrated into table tennis rackets. This contribution is the first attempt to address a ball impact localization system for table tennis rackets that has the potential to be used in real world training exercises and competitions to assist table tennis players during matches and to support the athletes' training progress.
High pressure adsorptive storage of hydrogen in MIL 101 (Cr) and AX 21 for mobile applications: cryocharging and cryokinetics

Current state of the art methods consist of containing high pressure compressed hydrogen in composite cylinders, with solid state hydrogen storage materials an alternative that could improve on storage performance by enhancing volumetric densities. A new strategy that uses cryogenic temperatures to load hydrogen (cryocharging) is proposed and analysed in this work, comparing densities and final storage pressures for empty cylinders and containers with the high surface area materials MIL 101 (Cr) and AX 21. Results show cryocharging as a viable option, as it can substantially lower the charging (at 77 K) and final pressures (at 298 K) for the majority of the cases considered. Kinetics are an equally important requirement for hydrogen storage systems, so the effective diffusivities at these conditions for both materials were calculated, and showed values comparable to the ones estimated in metal organic frameworks and zeolites from quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular simulations. High surface area materials tailored for hydrogen storage are a promising route for storage in mobile applications and results show that cryocharging is a promising strategy for hydrogen storage systems, since it increases volumetric densities and avoids energy penalties of operating at high pressures and/or low temperatures.
Recent Modifications of Bentonite Clay for Adsorption Applications

Adsorptive removal of toxic compounds makes practical and effective use of modified bentonite composite is a standout amongst the most appealing methodologies. Lately, the modified bentonite, a subset of advanced porous nanostructured materials, due to their unique characteristics are demonstrating awesome guarantee for better adsorption of different water contaminants. Given the significance of organic and inorganic removal, as a vital class of pollutants, this research article intends to review and summarize, quickly the as of late published research on the adequacy of various modified bentonite adsorbents under different physico chemical process parameters in organic and inorganic contaminants adsorption. The impact of pH, the adsorption mechanism and the applicability of various adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic models are briefly discussed. The vast majority of the outcomes watched demonstrated that the adsorption kinetic and isotherm mostly followed the pseudo second order and Langmuir models respectively.
Nanoparticles Composed of Zn and ZnO Inhibit Peronospora tabacina Spore Germination in vitro and P. tabacina Infectivity on Tobacco Leaves
Venue: Nanomaterials

Manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used for commercial purposes and certain NP types have been shown to have broad spectrum antibacterial activity. In contrast, their activities against fungi and fungi like oomycetes are less studied. Here, we examined the potential of two types of commercially available Zn NPs (Zn NPs and ZnO NPs) to inhibit spore germination and infectivity on tobacco leaves resulting from exposure to the fungi like oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina (P. tabacina) Both types of NPs, as well as ZnCl2 and bulk ZnO control treatments, inhibited spore germination compared to a blank control. ZnO ENMs were shown to be a much more powerful suppressor of spore germination and infectivity than bulk ZnO. ZnO and Zn NPs significantly inhibited leaf infection at 8 and 10 mg*L 1, respectively. Both types of NPs were found to provide substantially higher concentration dependent inhibition of spore germination and infectivity than could be readily explained by the presence of dissolved Zn. These results suggest that both NP types have potential for use as economic, low dose, potentially non persistent anti microbial agents against the oomycete P. tabacina.
DNA analysis of a tobacco herbarium specimen reveals the presence of Peronospora tabacina in Italy in 1934
Venue: European Journal of Plant Pathology

During a new cataloging of the herbaria of library "Leonardo Angeloni" at CREA CI of Caserta (South of Italy) a dry leaf of Nicotiana tabacum (var. Burley) stored in a herbarium dated 1934, was noticed for the presence of typical symptoms of Peronospora tabacina. This plant pathogenic fungus, causal agent of blue mold disease, was unknown at that time to the cataloguers, since the first report on tobacco is dated 1958 in Europe and 1960 in Italy. The genomic DNA was extracted from the symptomatic regions of the diseased dry leaf and used as template in PCR reactions with specific primers for the internal transcribed spacers, comprising the 5.8S rDNA gene (ITS1 5.8 ITS2) of P. tabacina. Sequence analysis of PCR products confirmed the presence of the pathogen on the herbarium leaf, providing evidence on the presence of P. tabacina in Europe in 1934, 24 years before the first report. This work emphasizes the usefulness of herbarium specimens to study genetic, ecological and epidemiological aspects of fungal plant diseases through the years.
Rifting under steam How rift magmatism triggers methane venting from sedimentary basins

During opening of a new ocean magma intrudes into the surrounding sedimentary basins. Heat provided by the intrusions matures the host rock creating metamorphic aureoles potentially releasing large amounts of hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons may migrate to the seafloor in hydrothermal vent complexes in sufficient volumes to trigger global warming, e.g. during the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) Mound structures at the top of buried hydrothermal vent complexes observed in seismic data off Norway were previously interpreted as mud volcanoes and the amount of released hydrocarbon was estimated based on this interpretation. Here, we present new geophysical and geochemical data from the Gulf of California suggesting that such mound structures could in fact be edifices constructed by the growth of black smoker type chimneys rather than mud volcanoes. We have evidence for two buried and one active hydrothermal vent system outside the rift axis. The vent releases several hundred degrees Celsius hot fluids containing abundant methane, mid ocean ridge basalt (MORB) type helium, and precipitating solids up to 300 m high into the water column. Our observations challenge the idea that methane is emitted slowly from rift related vents. The association of large amounts of methane with hydrothermal fluids that enter the water column at high pressure and temperature provides an efficient mechanism to transport hydrocarbons into the water column and atmosphere, lending support to the hypothesis that rapid climate change such as during the PETM can be triggered by magmatic intrusions into organic rich sedimentary basins.
Between the Eagle and the Dragon: America, China, and Middle State Strategies in East Asia

FOR MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY, THE UNITED STATES has played a leading role in shaping order in East Asia. This East Asian order has been organized around American military and economic dominance, anchored in the U.S. system of alliances with Japan, South Korea, and other partners across Asia. Over the decades, the United States found itself playing a hegemonic role in the region providing security, underwriting stability, promoting open markets, and fostering alliance and political partnerships. It was an order organized around "hard" bilateral security ties and "soft" multilateral groupings. It was built around security, economic, and political bargains. The United States exported security and imported goods. Across the region, countries expanded trade, pursued democratic transitions, and maintained a more or less stable peace. Today, this regional order is giving way to something new. Within Asia, a regional power transition is taking place, driven by the rise of China. In earlier decades, China existed for the most part outside the "old order." With rapid growth and transforming patterns of regional trade, China is now very much within it. The regional power transition can be seen as a double shift. The region is becoming increasingly interconnected through trade, investment, and multilateral agreements. And, under the shadow of the rise of Chinese economic and military capabilities, the region is taking
Exploring limits and trade offs of irrigation and agricultural intensification in the Ruamahanga catchment, New Zealand

Irrigation schemes enable agricultural intensification or change to more profitable land uses, but may also lead to adverse environmental effects (e.g. nitrate leaching) Decision makers face the challenge of assessing potential intensification options and comparing their advantages and disadvantages. We used the Land Use Management Support System (LUMASS) to assess land use development scenarios for the potential irrigable areas Black Creek and White Rock in the Ruamahanga catchment. Our results show that intensification and expansion of dairy farming and arable cropping increased production levels, but also nitrate leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. A higher production increase was associated with a higher environmental footprint. However, increasing the number of land use conversion options reduced the environmental footprint while achieving the same agricultural production. Optimizing the match of land use and the landscape's potential to provide ecosystem services increased the operating surplus while maintaining the environmental footprint. The presented modelling approach can provide decision makers with evidence based guidance for spatial planning and policy development on agricultural and environmental limits of land use development.
Exploring the Limits of Language Modeling
Venue: ArXiv

In this work we explore recent advances in Recurrent Neural Networks for large scale Language Modeling, a task central to language understanding. We extend current models to deal with two key challenges present in this task: corpora and vocabulary sizes, and complex, long term structure of language. We perform an exhaustive study on techniques such as character Convolutional Neural Networks or Long Short Term Memory, on the One Billion Word Benchmark. Our best single model significantly improves state of the art perplexity from 51.3 down to 30.0 (whilst reducing the number of parameters by a factor of 20) while an ensemble of models sets a new record by improving perplexity from 41.0 down to 23.7. We also release these models for the NLP and ML community to study and improve upon.
Etude ethnobotanique sur les plantes medicinales spontanees poussant dans le versant nord de l'Atlas d'Azilal (Maroc)

Dans ce manuscrit, l'inventaire ainsi que les usages therapeutiques des plantes medicinales spontanees poussant dans le versant nord de l'Atlas d'Azilal (Maroc) ont ete repertories. 66 especes vegetales spontanees sont utilisees en phytotherapie dont 14 especes ont un usage frequent. Les Gymnospermes ne sont representees que par trois especes, tandis que les Angiospermes sont representees par 63 especes dont 55 sont des dicotyledones et huit sont des monocotyledones. Les familles vegetales, bien representees dans la region exploree, sont les Lamiaceae et les Asteraceae A la base de l'enquete ethnobotanique, nous avons recense 25 plantes medicinales spontanees destinees au traitement des affections digestives, huit plantes pour traiter les troubles uro genitaux, cinq especes sont connues pour leurs effets sur le systeme nerveux, 14 plantes sont utilisees contre les affections metaboliques, 11 plantes pour soigner les maladies de l'appareil respiratoire et 26 plantes sont employees pour les soins la peau et les cheveux.
Impact of typhoons on the composition of the upper troposphere within the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone: the SWOP campaign in Lhasa 2013

In the frame of the SWOP (sounding water vapour, ozone, and particle) campaign during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) ozone and water vapour profiles were measured by balloon borne sensors launched from Lhasa (29.66deg N, 91.14deg E, elevation 3650 m) China, in August 2013. In total, 24 soundings were launched, nearly half of which show strong variations in the relationship between ozone and water vapour in the tracer tracer correlation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) For each sounding, 20 day backward trajectories were calculated using the trajectory module of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) to analyse these variations. The trajectory calculations demonstrate that three tropical cyclones (tropical storm Jebi, typhoons Utor and Trami) which occurred over the western Pacific Ocean during August 2013, had a considerable impact on the vertical distribution of ozone and water vapour by uplifting marine air masses to altitudes of the ASM anticyclone. Air parcels subsequently arrived at the observation site via two primary pathways: firstly via direct horizontal transport from the location of the typhoon to the station within approximately 3 days, and secondly via transport following the clockwise wind flow of the ASM within a timescale of 1 week. Furthermore, the interplay between the spatial position of the ASM anticyclone and tropical cyclones plays a key role in controlling the transport pathways of air parcels from the boundary layer of the western Pacific to Lhasa in horizontal and vertical transport. Moreover, the statistical analysis shows that the strongest impact by typhoons is found at altitudes between 14.5 and 17 km (365 375 K) Low ozone values (50 80 ppbv) were observed between 370 and 380 K due to the strong vertical transport within tropical cyclones.
Tree Based Data Aggregation Approach in Periodic Sensor Networks Using Correlation Matrix and Polynomial Regression
Venue: 2016 IEEE Intl Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE) and IEEE Intl Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC) and 15th Intl Symposium on Distributed Computing and Applications for Business Engineering (DCABES)

Sensor networks are a collection of sensor nodes that co operatively transmit sensed data to a base station. One of the well known characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is its limited resources. Energy consumption of the network's nodes is considered one of the major challenges faced by researchers nowadays. On the other hand, data aggregation helps in reducing the redundant data transferred through the WSNs. This fact implies that aggregation of data is considered a very crucial technique for reducing the energy consumption across the WSN. Local aggregation and Prefix filtering are two methods used in which they utilize a tree based bi level periodic data aggregation approach implemented on the source node and on the aggregator levels. In this paper an efficient model for multivariate data reduction is proposed based on periodic data aggregation on two sensor levels, in addition to polynomial regression functions. The performance of the model was evaluated using SensorScope network which is deployed at the Grand St Bernard located between Switzerland and Italy. The results show the advantages of the proposed model as it allows 84% reduction rate and 93% approximation accuracy after reduction. The simulations were done using the R software.
Analytical Multimode Scanning and Transmission Electron Imaging and Tomography of Multiscale Structural Architectures of Sulfur Copolymer Based Composite Cathodes for Next Generation High Energy Density Li S Batteries
Venue: Microscopy and Microanalysis

Poly[sulfur random (1,3 diisopropenylbenzene) copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization represent an emerging class of electrochemically active polymers recently used in cathodes for Li S batteries, capable of realizing enhanced capacity retention (1,005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. The composite cathodes are organized in complex hierarchical three dimensional (3D) architectures, which contain several components and are challenging to understand and characterize using any single technique. Here, multimode analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopies and energy dispersive X ray/electron energy loss spectroscopies coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and tomography were applied to explore origins of the cathode enhanced capacity retention. The surface topography, morphology, bonding, and compositions of the cathodes created by combining sulfur copolymers with varying 1,3 diisopropenylbenzene content and conductive carbons have been investigated at multiple scales in relation to the electrochemical performance and physico mechanical stability. We demonstrate that replacing the elemental sulfur with organosulfur copolymers improves the compositional homogeneity and compatibility between carbons and sulfur containing domains down to sub 5 nm length scales resulting in (a) intimate wetting of nanocarbons by the copolymers at interfaces; (b) the creation of 3D percolation networks of conductive pathways involving graphitic like outer shells of aggregated carbons; (c) concomitant improvements in the stability with preserved meso and nanoscale porosities required for efficient charge transport.
Applying machine learning techniques for forecasting flexibility of virtual power plants
Venue: 2016 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC)

Previous and existing evaluations of available flexibility using small device demand response have typically been done with detailed information of end user systems. With these large numbers, having lower level information has both privacy and computational limitations. We propose a black box approach to investigating the longevity of aggregated response of a virtual power plant using historic bidding and aggregated behaviour with machine learning techniques. The two supervised machine learning techniques investigated and compared in this paper are, multivariate linear regression and single hidden layer artificial neural network (ANN) Both techniques are used to model a relationship between the aggregator portfolio state and requested ramp power to the longevity of the delivered flexibility. Using validated individual household models, a smart controlled aggregated virtual power plant is simulated. A hierarchical market based supply demand matching control mechanism is used to steer the heating devices in the virtual power plant. For both the training and validation set of clusters, a random number of households, between 200 and 2000, is generated with day ahead profile scaled accordingly. Further, a ramp power (power deviation) is assigned at various hours of the day and requested to hold for the remainder of the day. Using only the bidding functions and the requested ramp powers, the ramp longevity is estimated for a number of different cluster setups for both the artificial neural network as well as the multi variant linear regression. It is found that it is possible to estimate the longevity of flexibility with machine learning. The linear regression algorithm is, on average, able to estimate the longevity with a 15% error. However, there was a significant improvement with the ANN algorithm achieving, on average, a 5.3% error. This is lowered 2.4% when learning for the same virtual power plant. With this information it would be possible to accurately offer residential VPP flexibility for market operations to safely avoid causing further imbalances and financial penalties.
Studying saturation mobility, threshold voltage, and stability of PMMA SiO2 TMSPM nano hybrid as OFET gate dielectric

TMSPM (polymethyl methacrylate silicon oxide (3 trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate) nano hybrid solutions were synthesized using sol gel process with the constant weight ratio of PMMA SiO2 and different weight ratios of TMSPM. Hybrid solutions were deposited on p type Si (111) substrate using the spin coating technique. Surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique and the size of the nanoparticles was about 6 nm to 13 nm. Capacitance voltage (C f) measurements and current voltage (I V) curves were also studied in metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) structures. According to the results presented from JGS curves in terms of VGS, the gate leakage current densities were small enough to be used as gate dielectric material in OFETs. At VDS 10 V, in the saturation region, it is considered (transfer characteristic curves) maximum mobility mS,FET was related to the sample without TMSPM because of its minimum dielectric constant. However, the surface morphology of this sample shows discontinuous nanoparticles with maximum traps on the path, which led to decreased IDS in the channel. To overcome this challenge, other samples were produced in the presence of TMSPM as the coupling agent. The sample with 0.15 wt ratio of TMSPM has flatter surface morphology and more continuous dispersion than that of other samples so that the number of traps on the path decrease, nanoparticles distribute continuously on the surface of the thin films, and IDS increased in the channel. By applying high gate voltages (VGS 80 V) according to IDS curves in terms of VDS, the OFETs show good stability.