nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of the Plant Cell Wall Matrix Polysaccharide Xyloglucan.
Venue: Annual review of plant biology

Xyloglucan (XyG) is a matrix polysaccharide that is present in the cell walls of all land plants. It consists of a b 1,4 linked glucan backbone that is further substituted with xylosyl residues. These xylosyl residues can be further substituted with other glycosyl and nonglycosyl substituents that vary depending on the plant family and specific tissue. Advances in plant mutant isolation and characterization, functional genomics, and DNA sequencing have led to the identification of nearly all transferases and synthases necessary to synthesize XyG. Thus, in terms of the molecular mechanisms of plant cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, XyG is the most well understood. However, much remains to be learned about the molecular mechanisms of polysaccharide assembly and the regulation of these processes. Knowledge of the XyG biosynthetic machinery allows the XyG structure to be tailored in planta to ascertain the functions of this polysaccharide and its substituents in plant growth and interactions with the environment.
Mimicking the Humidity Response of the Plant Cell Wall by Using Two Dimensional Systems: The Critical Role of Amorphous and Crystalline Polysaccharides.
Venue: Langmuir the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids

Of the composite materials occurring in nature, the plant cell wall is among the most intricate, consisting of a complex arrangement of semicrystalline cellulose microfibrils in a dissipative matrix of lignin and hemicelluloses. Here, a biomimetic, two dimensional cellulose system of the cell wall structure is introduced where cellulose nanocrystals compose the crystalline portion and regenerated amorphous cellulose composes the dissipative matrix. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and QCM D are used to study the water vapor uptake of several two layer systems. Quantitative analysis shows that the vapor induced swelling of these ultrathin films can be controlled by varying ratios of the chemically identical ordered and unordered cellulose components. Intriguingly, increasing the share of crystalline cellulose appeared to increase the vapor uptake but only in cases for which the interfacial area between the crystalline and amorphous area was relatively large and the thickness of an amorphous overlayer was relatively small. The results show that a biomimetic approach may occasionally provide answers as to why certain native structures exist.
MARIA M4: clinical evaluation of a prototype ultrawideband radar scanner for breast cancer detection
Venue: Journal of medical imaging

A microwave imaging system has been developed as a clinical diagnostic tool operating in the 3 to 8 GHz region using multistatic data collection. A total of 86 patients recruited from a symptomatic breast care clinic were scanned with a prototype design. The resultant three dimensional images have been compared "blind" with available ultrasound and mammogram images to determine the detection rate. Images show the location of the strongest signal, and this corresponded in both older and younger women, with sensitivity of >74% which was found to be maintained in dense breasts. The pathway from clinical prototype to clinical evaluation is outlined.
The cost effectiveness of family/family based therapy for treatment of externalizing disorders, substance use disorders and delinquency: a systematic review
Venue: BMC Psychiatry

BackgroundFamily therapy and family based treatment has been commonly applied in children and adolescents in mental health care and has been proven to be effective. There is an increased interest in economic evaluations of these, often expensive, interventions. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the evidence on cost effectiveness of family/family based therapy for externalizing disorders, substance use disorders and delinquency.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Education Resource information Centre (ERIC) Psycinfo and Cochrane reviews including studies conducted after 1990 and before the first of August of 2013. Full economic evaluations investigating family/family based interventions for adolescents between 10 and 20 years treated for substance use disorders, delinquency or externalizing disorders were included.ResultsSeven hundred thirty one articles met the search criteria and 51 studies were initially selected. The final selection resulted in the inclusion of 11 studies. The quality of these studies was assessed. Within the identified studies, there was great variation in the specific type of family/family based interventions and disorders. According to the outcomes of the checklists, the overall quality of the economic evaluations was low. Results varied by study. Due to the variations in setting, design and outcome it was not feasible to pool results using a meta analysis.ConclusionsThe quality of the identified economic evaluations of family/family based therapy for treatment of externalizing disorders, adolescent substance use disorders and delinquency was insufficient to determine the cost effectiveness. Although commonly applied, family/family based therapy is costly and more research of higher quality is needed.
Deep Impression: Audiovisual Deep Residual Networks for Multimodal Apparent Personality Trait Recognition
Venue: ECCV Workshops

Here, we develop an audiovisual deep residual network for multimodal apparent personality trait recognition. The network is trained end to end for predicting the Big Five personality traits of people from their videos. That is, the network does not require any feature engineering or visual analysis such as face detection, face landmark alignment or facial expression recognition. Recently, the network won the third place in the ChaLearn First Impressions Challenge with a test accuracy of 0.9109.
Brains on Beats
Venue: NIPS

We developed task optimized deep neural networks (DNNs) that achieved state of the art performance in different evaluation scenarios for automatic music tagging. These DNNs were subsequently used to probe the neural representations of music. Representational similarity analysis revealed the existence of a representational gradient across the superior temporal gyrus (STG) Anterior STG was shown to be more sensitive to low level stimulus features encoded in shallow DNN layers whereas posterior STG was shown to be more sensitive to high level stimulus features encoded in deep DNN layers.
Highly efficient single junction GaAs thin film solar cell on flexible substrate
Venue: Scientific reports

There has been much interest in developing a thin film solar cell because it is lightweight and flexible. The GaAs thin film solar cell is a top contender in the thin film solar cell market in that it has a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to that of other thin film solar cells. There are two common structures for the GaAs solar cell: n (emitter) on p (base) and p on n. The former performs better due to its high collection efficiency because the electron diffusion length of the p type base region is much longer than the hole diffusion length of the n type base region. However, it has been limited to fabricate highly efficient n on p single junction GaAs thin film solar cell on a flexible substrate due to technical obstacles. We investigated a simple and fast epitaxial lift off (ELO) method that uses a stress originating from a Cr/Au bilayer on a 125 mm thick flexible substrate. A metal combination of AuBe/Pt/Au is employed as a new p type ohmic contact with which an n on p single junction GaAs thin film solar cell on flexible substrate was successfully fabricated. The PCE of the fabricated single junction GaAs thin film solar cells reached 22.08% under air mass 1.5 global illumination.
Roll to roll printed silver nanowires for increased stability of flexible ITO free organic solar cell modules.
Venue: Nanoscale

We report the use of roll to roll printed silver nanowire networks as front electrodes for fully roll to roll processed flexible indium tin oxide (ITO) free OPV modules. We prepared devices with two types of back electrodes, a simple PEDOT PSS back electrode and a PEDOT PSS back electrode with a printed silver grid in order to simultaneously explore the influence of the back electrode structure on the operational stability of the modules that did not include any UV protection. We subjected the devices to stability testing under a number of protocols recommended by the international summit on OPV stability (ISOS) We explored accelerated ISOS D 2, ISOS D 3, ISOS L 2, ISOS L 3, ISOS O 1 and ISOS O 2 testing protocols and compared the performance to previous reports employing the same testing protocols on devices with PEDOT PSS instead of the silver nanowires in the front electrode. We find significantly increased operational stability across all ISOS testing protocols over the course of the study and conclude that replacement of PEDOT PSS in the front electrode with silver nanowires increase operational stability by up to 1000% The duration of the tests were in the range of 140 360 days. The comparison of front and back electrode stability in this study shows that the modules with silver nanowire front electrodes together with a composite back electrode comprising PEDOT PSS and a silver grid present the best operational stability.
Subdermal Flexible Solar Cell Arrays for Powering Medical Electronic Implants.
Venue: Advanced healthcare materials

A subdermally implantable flexible photovoltatic (IPV) device is proposed for supplying sustainable electric power to in vivo medical implants. Electric properties of the implanted IPV device are characterized in live animal models. Feasibility of this strategy is demonstrated by operating a flexible pacemaker with the subdermal IPV device which generates DC electric power of 647 mW under the skin.
'How to stop a nosebleed' an assessment of the quality of epistaxis treatment advice on YouTube
Venue: The Journal of Laryngology #x0026; Otology

Video hosting websites are increasingly being used to disseminate health education messages. This study aimed to assess the quality of advice contained within YouTube videos on the conservative management of epistaxis.  YouTube.com was searched using the phrase 'how to stop a nosebleed' The first 50 videos were screened. Objective advice scores and subjective production quality scores were attributed by independent raters.  Forty five videos were analysed. The mean advice score was 2.0 out of 8 and the mean production quality score was 1.6 out of 3. There were no correlations between a video's advice score and its search results rank (r 0.28, p 0.068) its view count (r 0.20, p 0.19) or its number of 'likes' (r 0.21, p 0.18)  The quality of information on conservative epistaxis management within YouTube videos is extremely variable. A high search rank is no indication of video quality. Many videos proffer inappropriate and dangerous 'alternative' advice. We do not recommend YouTube as a source for patient information.
A low power SHA 3 designs using embedded digital signal processing slice on FPGA
Venue: Comput. Electr. Eng.

Two low power SHA 3 designs are provided on UltraScale FPGA using its embedded Digital Signal Processing (DSP) slice; one for the area constrained environments and the other for high speed applications.All bitwise logical operations of SHA 3 are logically grouped in 48 bit wide parallel operations to get maximum benefit of Xilinx DSP48E2 slice structure.Logical Cascade Structure (LCS) strategy is used to confine maximum SHA 3 logic within same DSP slice column and also to get maximum benefit from its low power dedicated interconnect.The DSP based compact SHA 3 design utilizes 79.10% less DSP slices and consumes only 1/7th of power while high speed 1600 bit design provides 23.57 Gbps with consumption of only 1/5th of power. Display Omitted This work presents two low power Secure Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA 3) designs on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) using embedded Digital Signal Processing (DSP48E) slice, one for area constrained environments and the other for high speed applications. The seven equations of SHA 3 are logically optimized to three and four stage pipelined organizations for our compact and high speed designs, respectively. The maximum parallelism between all the bitwise operations of different stages of SHA 3 is explored with respect to the 48 bit structure of DSP slice. Further Logical Cascade Structure (LCS) design strategy is proposed in accordance with the DSP slice organization. These optimizations result in saving of resources and at the same time achieve low power with high performance. Our compact design results in saving of 79.10% DSP slices and consumes only 1/7th of power while 1600 bit DSP design provides 23.57 Gbps throughput and consumes only 1/5th of power as compared to the conventional SHA 3 designs.
Hobbit Smaller but faster than a dwarf: Revisiting lightweight SHA 3 FPGA implementations
Venue: 2016 International Conference on ReConFigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig)

In this paper, we revisit lightweight FPGA implementations for SHA 3 and improve upon the state of the art by applying a new optimization technique to the slice oriented architecture, which is based on a shallow pipeline. As a result, the area for the implementation reduces by almost one quarter (23% compared to the up to now smallest implementation for Virtex 5 FPGAs. The proposed design also improves on the throughput area ratio by 59% For Virtex 6 FPGAs, the improvements are even higher, showing a throughput area ratio increase by over 150% upon previously reported results for this FPGA. Furthermore, we evaluate several additional implementation trade offs. First, we provide the maximum number of pipeline stages for lightweight architectures, which process several slices in parallel and for variants of SHA 3 with only 800 and 400 bits of internal state. Second, we evaluate several hardware interfaces. This evaluation shows, that the hardware interface may have a significant impact on the area consumption and the throughput.
An FPGA based reconfigurable IPSec AH core with efficient implementation of SHA 3 for high speed IoT applications
Venue: Secur. Commun. Networks

The need for securing data across the Internet has become a fundamental issue over the last decade. The Internet protocol security IPSec standard has been developed as one solution to the problem of end to end secure communications. IPSec implementation is computationally intensive and can significantly limit the performance of high speed networks. To overcome this speed issue, hardware implementations of IPSec offer the best solution. This work presents a field programmable gate array based reconfigurable IPSec authentication header AH core. AH is one of the two main IPSec protocols, namely, AH and encapsulating security payload, and it supports both transport and tunnel modes of operations. For the AH protocol, a newly selected cryptographic hash function called secure hash algorithm 3 SHA 3 is implemented and used in this work. SHA 3 is implemented using a unique two phase implementation approach that combines all the steps of SHA 3. The resultant equations, after combining the SHA 3 steps, are implemented as a proposed high speed architecture, which results in data throughput in the gigabits per second range. The AH core proposed here outperforms other published techniques and is capable of supporting IPv4 datagrams for both modes of operation transport and tunnel and also can be used to provide security services for Internet of things applications that require high data throughput speeds.
Hegel ja antiikin dialektiikka

Tarkastelen artikkelissani Hegelin dialektisen ajattelun taustoja antiikin filosofiassa. Kiinnitan erityisesti huomiota ns. positiivisen dialektiikan (tai "spekulaation" juuriin antiikin perinteessa ja jatan Hegelin suhteen antiikin negatiiviseen dialektiikkaan, etenkin Elealaisen koulukunnan Zenoniin ja pyrrhonilaiseen skeptisismiin, tarkastelun ulkopuolelle. Korostan artikkelissani erityisesti antiikin dialektiikan ontologista merkitysta.
Improving protein protein interactions prediction accuracy using protein evolutionary information and relevance vector machine model
Venue: Protein science a publication of the Protein Society

Predicting protein protein interactions (PPIs) is a challenging task and essential to construct the protein interaction networks, which is important for facilitating our understanding of the mechanisms of biological systems. Although a number of high throughput technologies have been proposed to predict PPIs, there are unavoidable shortcomings, including high cost, time intensity, and inherently high false positive rates. For these reasons, many computational methods have been proposed for predicting PPIs. However, the problem is still far from being solved. In this article, we propose a novel computational method called RVM BiGP that combines the relevance vector machine (RVM) model and Bi gram Probabilities (BiGP) for PPIs detection from protein sequences. The major improvement includes (1) Protein sequences are represented using the Bi gram probabilities (BiGP) feature representation on a Position Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) in which the protein evolutionary information is contained; (2) For reducing the influence of noise, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is used to reduce the dimension of BiGP vector; (3) The powerful and robust Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) algorithm is used for classification. Five fold cross validation experiments executed on yeast and Helicobacter pylori datasets, which achieved very high accuracies of 94.57 and 90.57% respectively. Experimental results are significantly better than previous methods. To further evaluate the proposed method, we compare it with the state of the art support vector machine (SVM) classifier on the yeast dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our RVM BiGP method is significantly better than the SVM based method. In addition, we achieved 97.15% accuracy on imbalance yeast dataset, which is higher than that of balance yeast dataset. The promising experimental results show the efficiency and robust of the proposed method, which can be an automatic decision support tool for future proteomics research. For facilitating extensive studies for future proteomics research, we developed a freely available web server called RVM BiGP PPIs in Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) for predicting PPIs. The web server including source code and the datasets are available at http:/219.219.62.123:8888/BiGP/
Multi sensor marginalized particle filter based on average weight optimization in correlated noise

Particle filter is a kind of powerful and effective simulation based method to perform optimal state estimation in nonlinear non Gaussian state space models. However, its main drawback is with large computational complexity and not suitable for noise correlation condition, which limits its application in the multi sensor measurement system. Aiming at the above problem, a novel multi sensor marginalized particle filter based on average weight optimization in correlated noise is proposed. First, marginalized particle filter is used as the basic framework of new algorithm realization by marginalizing the states appearing linearly in the dynamical system, and the objective is to reduce the calculated amount. Second, considering the rational utilization of multi sensor measurement, the average weight optimization strategy is used to improve the adverse influence caused by random measurement noise in measuring process of particles weight. Third, combining with the model reconstruction technology, a new decoupling approach of correlated noise is designed in multi sensor measurement. Finally, the theoretical analysis and experimental results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Influences of a spill rate on spread and evaporation of cryogenic liquid on land

This paper deals with spread and evaporation of a cryogenic liquid on land. The evaporation velocity, the vaporized volume of the liquid per unit area and unit time, is measured for the first time as a function of a release flow rate and time for liquid nitrogen that is spreading radially. The evaporation velocity is one of the main parameters that govern the phenomena of a pool spreading with evaporation, and it has been assumed as a constant within many of numerical modelling studies. Liquid nitrogen is spilled with finite flow rates onto an unbounded concrete ground. The experiments were conducted for various spill rates to assess the effects of this factor on spread and the evaporation velocity. It is found that a greater spill rate resulted in a faster spreading pool and a greater evaporation velocity.
PEDAGOGIA PARA LA CONVIVENCIA Y LA PAZ TRANSFORMACIONES QUE EXPERIMENTAN LOS DOCENTES CUANDO VIVENCIAN LA FORMACION PARA LA CONVIVENCIA Y LA PAZ

Education for peace and coexistence in the field of formal education is a priority, not only because of the conflict situation that affects the country, but also because the school has a democracy centered on respect for human rights and in actions that Propitiate interpersonal relationships in a constructive way. The general objective of the study is to characterize the transformations that teachers assume at the level of their teaching practices when they approach the formation for peace, by identifying the pedagogical practices used in the formation and the transformations that are experienced when they face the formation for peace. A type of research with a qualitative approach was used and the method used was ethnographic, through the in depth interview. The sample was configured through the different stages of data collection. It was determined that the perceptions of the teachers of some schools of the Department of Norte de Santander showed positive attitudes on the part of the teachers towards providing aid to students to develop skills for the resolution of conflicts, to see the problems from multiple perspectives, Decisions taken in groups, understanding the value of helping others, and meeting a number of annual hours of community service. It was also perceived that, in spite of stimulating social sensibility, actions are not directed towards the evaluation of solutions to social problems, this aspect arises but in practice is not fulfilled satisfactorily, so that teachers show a more endogenous attitude than Exogenous
Correlation between Serum Lipid Levels and Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate in Chinese Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Venue: PloS one

Dyslipidemia is often detected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) Previous studies of the relationship between lipid profiles and kidney function have yielded variable results. We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum lipid levels and kidney function evaluated by measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) in Chinese patients with CKD.  A cross sectional study was conducted on 2036 Chinese CKD patients who had mGFR. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between different serum lipid levels and mGFR, while logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between CKD stages and the risk of different types of dyslipidemia.  The mean age was 55 years and the mean mGFR was 63 mL/min/1.73m2. After adjusting for some confounders (age, gender, body mass index, a history of diabetes, fasting glucose, a history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, hemoglobin, serum potassium, serum albumin, and serum uric acid) serum triglyceride level showed a negative correlation with mGFR (b 0.006, P 0.006) in linear regression analysis, and CKD stages were positively related to the risk of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratios were 1.329, 1.868, 2.514 and P were 0.046, 0.001, 0.001 for CKD stage 2, 3, 4/5, respectively) in logistic regression anlysis.  Serum triglyceride level is independently association with mGFR. Patients with reduced kidney function are more likely to have higher serum triglyceride levels. Further longitudinal, multicenter and well conducted studies are needed to provide more evidence.