nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Receiver of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirA Histidine Kinase Forms a Stable Interaction with VirG to Activate Virulence Gene Expression
Venue: Front. Microbiol.

The plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens carries a virulence gene system that is required for the initiation of crown gall tumors on susceptible plants. Expression of the vir genes is activated by the VirA/VirG two component regulatory system. VirA is a histidine kinase which signals the presence of certain chemicals found at the site of a plant wound. The receiver domain located at its carboxyl terminus defines VirA as a hybrid histidine kinase. Here, we show that the VirA receiver interacts with the DNA binding domain of VirG. This finding supports the hypothesis that the receiver acts as a recruiting factor for VirG. In addition, we show that removal of the VirA receiver allowed vir gene expression in response to glucose in a dose dependent manner, indicating that the receiver controls VirG activation and suggesting that the supplementary ChvE sugar signal increases this activity.
A decision support system for eco efficient biorefinery process comparison using a semantic approach
Venue: Comput. Electron. Agric.

We define a decision support system for eco efficient biorefinery process comparison.Uncertainty is managed all along the pipeline for eco design indicator computations.Data extraction from textual documents is guided by a Termino ontological resource.Flexible structured database querying is guided by a Termino ontological resource. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the main components of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the promising methods to further upgrading it into biofuels. Biomass pre treatment is an essential step in order to reduce cellulose crystallinity, increase surface and porosity and separate the major constituents of biomass. Scientific literature in this domain is increasing fast and could be a valuable source of data. As these abundant scientific data are mostly in textual format and heterogeneously structured, using them to compute biomass pre treatment efficiency is not straightforward. This paper presents the implementation of a Decision Support System (DSS) based on an original pipeline coupling knowledge engineering (KE) based on semantic web technologies, soft computing techniques and environmental factor computation. The DSS allows using data found in the literature to assess environmental sustainability of biorefinery systems. The pipeline permits to: (1) structure and integrate relevant experimental data, (2) assess data source reliability, (3) compute and visualize green indicators taking into account data imprecision and source reliability. This pipeline has been made possible thanks to innovative researches in the coupling of ontologies, uncertainty management and propagation. In this first version, data acquisition is done by experts and facilitated by a termino ontological resource. Data source reliability assessment is based on domain knowledge and done by experts. The operational prototype has been used by field experts on a realistic use case (rice straw) The obtained results have validated the usefulness of the system. Further work will address the question of a higher automation level for data acquisition and data source reliability assessment.
PCA based multivariate statistical network monitoring for anomaly detection
Venue: Comput. Secur.

The multivariate approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for anomaly detection received a lot of attention from the networking community one decade ago, mainly thanks to the work of Lakhina and co workers. However, this work was criticized by several authors who claimed a number of limitations of the approach. Neither the original proposal nor the critic publications were completely aware of the established methodology for PCA anomaly detection, which by that time had been developed for more than three decades in the area of industrial monitoring and chemometrics as part of the Multivariate Statistical Process Control (MSPC) theory. In this paper, the main steps of the MSPC approach based on PCA are introduced; related networking literature is reviewed, highlighting some differences with MSPC and drawbacks in their approaches; and specificities and challenges in the application of MSPC to networking are analyzed. All of this is demonstrated through illustrative experimentation that supports our discussion and reasoning.
Modeling and forecasting exchange rate volatility in time frequency domain
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

This paper proposes an enhanced approach to modeling and forecasting volatility using high frequency data. Using a forecasting model based on Realized GARCH with multiple time frequency decomposed realized volatility measures, we study the influence of different timescales on volatility forecasts. The decomposition of volatility into several timescales approximates the behaviour of traders at corresponding investment horizons. The proposed methodology is moreover able to account for impact of jumps due to a recently proposed jump wavelet two scale realized volatility estimator. We propose a realized Jump GARCH models estimated in two versions using maximum likelihood as well as observation driven estimation framework of generalized autoregressive score. We compare forecasts using several popular realized volatility measures on foreign exchange rate futures data covering the recent financial crisis. Our results indicate that disentangling jump variation from the integrated variation is important for forecasting performance. An interesting insight into the volatility process is also provided by its multiscale decomposition. We find that most of the information for future volatility comes from high frequency part of the spectra representing very short investment horizons. Our newly proposed models outperform statistically the popular as well conventional models in both one day and multi period ahead forecasting.
Spatially multiplexed interferometric microscopy with partially coherent illumination
Venue: Journal of biomedical optics

We have recently reported on a simple, low cost, and highly stable way to convert a standard microscope into a holographic one [Opt. Express 22, 14929 (2014) The method, named spatially multiplexed interferometric microscopy (SMIM) proposes an off axis holographic architecture implemented onto a regular (nonholographic) microscope with minimum modifications: the use of coherent illumination and a properly placed and selected one dimensional diffraction grating. In this contribution, we report on the implementation of partially (temporally reduced) coherent illumination in SMIM as a way to improve quantitative phase imaging. The use of low coherence sources forces the application of phase shifting algorithm instead of off axis holographic recording to recover the sample's phase information but improves phase reconstruction due to coherence noise reduction. In addition, a less restrictive field of view limitation (1/2) is implemented in comparison with our previously reported scheme (1/3) The proposed modification is experimentally validated in a regular Olympus BX 60 upright microscope considering a wide range of samples (resolution test, microbeads, swine sperm cells, red blood cells, and prostate cancer cells)
The sharing economy: Why people participate in collaborative consumption
Venue: J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol.

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) have enabled the rise of so called "Collaborative Consumption" (CC) the peer to peer based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing the access to goods and services, coordinated through community based online services. CC has been expected to alleviate societal problems such as hyper consumption, pollution, and poverty by lowering the cost of economic coordination within communities. However, beyond anecdotal evidence, there is a dearth of understanding why people participate in CC. Therefore, in this article we investigate people's motivations to participate in CC. The study employs survey data (N 168) gathered from people registered onto a CC site. The results show that participation in CC is motivated by many factors such as its sustainability, enjoyment of the activity as well as economic gains. An interesting detail in the result is that sustainability is not directly associated with participation unless it is at the same time also associated with positive attitudes towards CC. This suggests that sustainability might only be an important factor for those people for whom ecological consumption is important. Furthermore, the results suggest that in CC an attitude behavior gap might exist; people perceive the activity positively and say good things about it, but this good attitude does not necessary translate into action.
An Empirical Study on the Characteristics of Python Fine Grained Source Code Change Types
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)

Software has been changing during its whole life cycle. Therefore, identification of source code changes becomes a key issue in software evolution analysis. However, few current change analysis research focus on dynamic language software. In this paper, we pay attention to the fine grained source code changes of Python software. We implement an automatic tool named PyCT to extract 77 kinds of fine grained source code change types from commit history information. We conduct an empirical study on ten popular Python projects from five domains, with 132294 commits, to investigate the characteristics of dynamic software source code changes. Analyzing the source code changes in four aspects, we distill 11 findings, which are summarized into two insights on software evolution: change prediction and fault code fix. In addition, we provide direct evidence on how developers use and change dynamic features. Our results provide useful guidance and insights for improving the understanding of source code evolution of dynamic language software.
Evaluation of community pharmacy internship programme in the Philippines

The community pharmacy internship programme is an integral part of pharmacy education in the Philippines. Its evaluation is necessary to continuously develop a comprehensive programme based on the needs and changing role of the profession.  This study aimed to evaluate the community pharmacy internship programme among the Philippine Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (PACOP) accredited schools in Metro Manila, Philippines.  The study utilised a cross sectional, descriptive research design, using a self administered questionnaire as the method of data collection. The data was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (c) Statistics version 21 software.  The overall response rate was 66.1% (n=267) Generally, students rated their internship experiences positively and perceived high level of satisfaction with how the programmes were carried out.  The students perceived that the community pharmacy internship programme was effective in attaining its learning outcomes, despite limitation of participation in internship activities and problems and barriers encountered.
Application Driven Network: providing On Demand Services for Applications
Venue: SIGCOMM

Application Driven Network(ADN) is a new paradigm that provides on demand differentiated services for applications. A physical network in ADN is sliced into various logically isolated sub networks. Each network slice can have its own network architecture and protocol to serve one application exclusively. ADN enhances the user experience while keeping the resource efficiency by further imposing multiplexing among these logically isolated sub networks.
Computing Whether She Belongs: Stereotypes Undermine Girls' Interest and Sense of Belonging in Computer Science

Computer science has one of the largest gender disparities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. An important reason for this disparity is that girls are less likely than boys to enroll in necessary "pipeline courses," such as introductory computer science. Two experiments investigated whether high school girls' lower interest than boys in enrolling in computer science courses is influenced by stereotypes of the field. We further tested whether these stereotypes can be communicated by the physical classroom environment, and whether changing this environment alters girls' interest. In 2 experiments (N 269) a computer science classroom that did not project current computer science stereotypes caused girls, but not boys, to express more interest in taking computer science than a classroom that made these stereotypes salient. The gender difference was mediated by girls' lower sense of belonging in the course, even beyond the effects of negative stereotype concerns, expectations of success, and utility value. Girls' lower sense of belonging could be traced to lower feelings of fit with computer science stereotypes. Individual differences in fit with stereotypes predicted girls' belonging and interest in a stereotypical, but not a nonstereotypical, classroom. Adolescence is a critical time for career aspirations. Girls may avoid computer science courses because current prevailing stereotypes of the field signal to them that they do not belong. However, providing them with an educational environment that does not fit current computer science stereotypes increases their interest in computer science courses and could provide grounds for interventions to help reduce gender disparities in computer science enrollment.
The Times They Are a Changing or Are They Not? A Comparison of Gender Stereotypes, 1983 2014

During the past 30 years, women's participation in the workforce, in athletics, and in professional education has increased, while men's activities have been more stable. Have gender stereotypes changed over this time period to reflect the new realities? And, to what extent does gender stereotyping exist today? We address these questions by comparing data collected in the early 1980s to new data collected in 2014. In each study, participants rated the likelihood that a typical man or woman has a set of gendered characteristics (traits, role behaviors, occupations, and physical characteristics) Results indicate that people perceive strong differences between men and women on stereotype components today, as they did in the past. Comparisons between the two time periods show stability of gender stereotypes across all components except female gender roles, which showed a significant increase in gender stereotyping. These results attest to the durability of basic stereotypes about how men and women are perceived to differ, despite changes in the participation and acceptance of women and men in nontraditional domains. Because gender stereotypes are apparently so deeply embedded in our society, those in a position to evaluate women and men, as well as women and men themselves, need to be constantly vigilant to the possible influence of stereotypes on their judgments, choices, and actions. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http:/pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Moralistic gods, supernatural punishment and the expansion of human sociality
Venue: Nature

Since the origins of agriculture, the scale of human cooperation and societal complexity has dramatically expanded. This fact challenges standard evolutionary explanations of prosociality because well studied mechanisms of cooperation based on genetic relatedness, reciprocity and partner choice falter as people increasingly engage in fleeting transactions with genetically unrelated strangers in large anonymous groups. To explain this rapid expansion of prosociality, researchers have proposed several mechanisms. Here we focus on one key hypothesis: cognitive representations of gods as increasingly knowledgeable and punitive, and who sanction violators of interpersonal social norms, foster and sustain the expansion of cooperation, trust and fairness towards co religionist strangers. We tested this hypothesis using extensive ethnographic interviews and two behavioural games designed to measure impartial rule following among people (n 591, observations 35,400) from eight diverse communities from around the world: (1) inland Tanna, Vanuatu; (2) coastal Tanna, Vanuatu; (3) Yasawa, Fiji; (4) Lovu, Fiji; (5) Pesqueiro, Brazil; (6) Pointe aux Piments, Mauritius; (7) the Tyva Republic (Siberia) Russia; and (8) Hadzaland, Tanzania. Participants reported adherence to a wide array of world religious traditions including Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as notably diverse local traditions, including animism and ancestor worship. Holding a range of relevant variables constant, the higher participants rated their moralistic gods as punitive and knowledgeable about human thoughts and actions, the more coins they allocated to geographically distant co religionist strangers relative to both themselves and local co religionists. Our results support the hypothesis that beliefs in moralistic, punitive and knowing gods increase impartial behaviour towards distant co religionists, and therefore can contribute to the expansion of prosociality.
Measuring Sex Stereotypes A Multination Study

Thank you very much for downloading measuring sex stereotypes a multination study. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this measuring sex stereotypes a multination study, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop. measuring sex stereotypes a multination study is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the measuring sex stereotypes a multination study is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Priming of supernatural agent concepts and agency detection

In evolutionary approaches to religion it is argued that belief in supernatural agents is strongly related to a perceptual bias to over detect the presence of agents in the environment. We report five experiments that investigate whether processing concepts about supernatural agents facilitates agency detection. Participants were presented with point light stimuli representing unscrambled or scrambled biological motion, or with pictures of unscrambled or scrambled faces, embedded in a noise mask. Participants were required to indicate for each stimulus whether it represented a human agent or not. Each trial was preceded by a supernatural agent prime, a human agent prime, or an animal prime. Our results showed that primes referring to humans facilitated the detection of agency. More importantly, however, results did not reveal a general effect of supernatural priming on agency detection. In three experiments, a moderating effect of religiosity was observed: supernatural agent primes had a differential effect for religious compared to non religious participants on agency detection biases and the speed of responding to agent like stimuli. These findings qualify the relation between supernatural beliefs and agency detection and suggest that when supernatural agent concepts have been acquired through cultural learning, these concepts can modulate agency detection biases.
Nitrate fertilisation does not enhance CO2 responses in two tropical seagrass species
Venue: Scientific reports

Seagrasses are often considered "winners" of ocean acidification (OA) however, seagrass productivity responses to OA could be limited by nitrogen availability, since nitrogen derived metabolites are required for carbon assimilation. We tested nitrogen uptake and assimilation, photosynthesis, growth, and carbon allocation responses of the tropical seagrasses Halodule uninervis and Thalassia hemprichii to OA scenarios (428, 734 and 1213 matm pCO2) under two nutrients levels (0.3 and 1.9 mM NO3 Net primary production (measured as oxygen production) and growth in H. uninervis increased with pCO2 enrichment, but were not affected by nitrate enrichment. However, nitrate enrichment reduced whole plant respiration in H. uninervis. Net primary production and growth did not show significant changes with pCO2 or nitrate by the end of the experiment (24 d) in T. hemprichii. However, nitrate incorporation in T. hemprichii was higher with nitrate enrichment. There was no evidence that nitrogen demand increased with pCO2 enrichment in either species. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, nutrient increases to levels approximating present day flood plumes only had small effects on metabolism. This study highlights that the paradigm of increased productivity of seagrasses under ocean acidification may not be valid for all species under all environmental conditions.
Parental death during childhood and depression in young adults a national cohort study.
Venue: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

There are few prospective, population based studies on childhood parental death and psychiatric disorders in adulthood, and previous findings are inconclusive. This study investigated the association between parental death from natural and external (suicides, accidents or homicides) causes before 18 years and the risk of clinical depression in young adults, in relation to age at loss and gender of both child and parent.  In this register based study, a national cohort born in Sweden during 1973 1982 (n 862,554) was followed with regard to hospital admissions and outpatient care for depression during 2006 2013. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the impact of parental death, taking sociodemographic and parental psychosocial covariates into account.  Maternal death from natural causes was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of outpatient care for depression of 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 1.40] in men and 1.15 (1.01 1.31) in women, after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, with similar effect sizes for paternal natural death. Death from external causes consistently had higher effect size compared with natural deaths, in particular in relation to risk of hospital admissions for depression where they were as high as HR 3.23 (2.38 4.38) for men, and 1.79 (1.30 2.47) for women after a loss of a mother. Losing a parent in preschool age, compared with losing a parent as a teenager, was associated with higher risks of both hospitalization (p .006) and outpatient care (p .001) for depression.  This study indicates that parental loss to death from natural causes during childhood is associated with a small increased risk of long term consequences for psychological health. Children who lose their parents to death from external causes, that is suicides, accidents or homicides, and children losing a parent in young ages are, however, at particular risk and should be given priority in preventive interventions after parental loss.