nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of Training Needs Assessment at the Radiation Protection Institute of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission

Questionnaires were forwarded to the target population of sixty, nonetheless fifty two were retrieved which represents 86.6% of the total sample. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) research package and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data. It was discovered from the study that 63.5% of the Radiation Protection Institute's staff had attended some form of training, both on the job and off the job; however, 36.5% indicated that they have not had the opportunity of attending any training program since employed. Majority also agreed that the wrong people are sometimes selected to attend training programs. It was thus recommended that in order to achieve maximum objective of a training program, before embarking on a training the first step in the training process must be carried out, thus conducting need assessment to know if training and what training would be required to fill a gap. This would go a long way to maximize the benefits of the numerous training program at the Institute. The nomination to a training program must be on the bases of identified need.  On the job and Off the job training, Radiation Protection Institute
Innovative conversions in South East Asian Englishes: Reassessing ESL status

Singapore English and Hong Kong English started out as contact varieties and developed into ESL varieties belonging to the Outer Circle (Kachru 1985) Both varieties show a similar contact ecology (Chinese) but differ in their socio institutional status in the Dynamic Model (Schneider 2003, 2007) By analyzing innovative verb to noun conversion in these two varieties, and comparing them to British English, this study shows that despite the obvious similarities in substratum, the usage frequency of conversion in both varieties differs considerably. These findings, similar to most recently Deshors (2014) and Gilquin (2015) call into question the established notion of ESL in general and the status of SgE and HKE as ESL varieties in particular. In order to accurately reflect contemporary language use, it is reasonable to conceptualize the notion of ESL as a continuum and to situate HKE and SgE at opposite ends.
Investigating Metadiscourse Markers in Asian Englishes: A Corpus Based Approach

The present study investigated differences in rhetorical preferences in L2 writings among different L1 groups. This study compared the use of metadiscourse markers in L2 essays and identified discourse devices used to distinguish different L1 groups. The essays originated from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) compared six L1 groups (viz. Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Taiwanese, and Thai) based on the frequency of metadiscourse markers. I utilized heat map with hierarchical clustering to investigate differences in metadiscourse among the six learner groups. The results suggested a substantial difference in the use of metadiscourse markers between East Asian groups (viz. Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Taiwanese) and Southeast Asian groups (viz. Indonesian and Thai) Furthermore, each learner group displayed the specific characteristics of metadiscourse, which offer suggestions for improving L2 learners' writings.
Stereo Vision Guiding for the Autonomous Landing of Fixed Wing UAVs: A Saliency Inspired Approach

It is an important criterion for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to land on the runway safely. This paper concentrates on stereo vision localization of a fixed wing UAV's autonomous landing within global navigation satellite system (GNSS) denied environments. A ground stereo vision guidance system imitating the human visual system (HVS) is presented for the autonomous landing of fixed wing UAVs. A saliency inspired algorithm is presented and developed to detect flying UAV targets in captured sequential images. Furthermore, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based state estimation is employed to reduce localization errors caused by measurement errors of object detection and pan tilt unit (PTU) attitudes. Finally, stereo vision dataset based experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed visual detection method and error correction algorithm. The compared results between the visual guidance approach and differential GPS based approach indicate that the stereo vision system and detection method can achieve the better guiding effect.
Towards autonomous tracking and landing on moving target
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Real time Computing and Robotics (RCAR)

The battery capacity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the main limitation, but with the rapid growth of UAV deployment in both military and civilian application, there is an urgent need to development the reliable and automated landing procedure. This paper is aim to propose a basic framework for autonomous landing on moving target for the Vertical Take off and Landing (VTOL) UAVs. The VTOL vehicle is assumed to equip with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) system and a stereo vision system which could generate the point cloud within 20 meters. We applied a particle filter based Visual Servo in the UAV vision system to detect and track the moving the target at real time. We also combine the inertial measurement unit (IMU) data with the stereo vision based visual odometry to make the relative accurate pose estimation. The relative position, orientation and velocity to the landing area on the moving carrier is obtained by a modified optical flow method. The control method used in this framework combined tracking and approaching base on the range distance. We has applied our proposed framework on both simulation and landing task on a moving vehicle, and the result shows the efficiency and extended ability of our framework.
A novel missense mutation in the NADPH binding domain of CYBB abolishes the NADPH oxidase activity in a male patient with increased susceptibility to infections.
Venue: Microbial pathogenesis

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the five structural genes (CYBB, CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4) that typically results in a decrease in function or inability to generate a respiratory burst, leading to defective killing of pathogens, including fungi and intracellular bacteria. Mutations in CYBB, encoding the gp91phox (also known as NOX2) result in X linked CGD account for approximately 65% of CGD cases. Here, we aimed the characterization of a novel missense mutation c.1226C A/p.A409E in the CYBB gene in a patient with X linked CGD. Relevant clinical data of a male patient whose family was positive for XCGD was reviewed. Oxidative burst and NADPH protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry, while Genetic analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing. Monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) were evaluated for their capacity for phagocytosis and growth suppression of the intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) We thus report the absence of an oxidative burst in the phagocytes of the patient. Flow cytometry evaluation revealed a normal expression of NADPH oxidase components in neutrophils and genetic analysis proved the existence of a novel missense c.1226C A mutation in the CYBB gene resulting in p.A409E. Further, we have showed that the patient's MDMs were unhindered in their ability to take up mycobacteria normally. Instead, the MDMs failed to control the intracellular proliferation of M. tuberculosis, a phenotype that improved in the presence of recombinant human interferon gamma (rhIFN g) This work expands the genetic spectrum of X linked CGD and demonstrates improvement in macrophage function in X91+CGD patient by rhIFN g.
Economics: China in the new world
Venue: Nature

or nearly 15 years, China's economic and construction boom, coupled with high commodity prices, has driven soaring demand for steel, copper and other commodities. Latin America has been a crucial partner, with Chile, for instance, accounting for 40% of raw copper imports and Brazil responsible for 49% of soya imports. China's mounting concerns about food and energy security have also prompted engagement with resource rich Venezuela, Peru and Argentina. The China fuelled 'super cycle' has left a path of environ mental destruction and social conflict in Latin America. Now, China's economic slowdown and a slump in commodity prices spell bleaker economic prospects for exporting nations. For instance, Chilean copper company Codelco announced massive lay offs in 2015 as copper prices dropped. As one of the first accounts of post " China boom " Latin America, Kevin Gallagher's The China Triangle adds much to a profusion of books on China Latin America relations. By skilfully framing Latin America's development challenges such as lack of highly skilled labour in a historical context, Gallagher reminds us that commodity led growth is hardly a new phenomenon in the region. The end of the nineteenth century saw the first boom, when Europe and the United States began to import raw materials in serious quantities. Years of dependence on exporting natural resources led to wide ranging policy outcomes in Latin America, from state led industrialization to the Washington Consensus, a set of US prescriptions for economic development in the region in the 1990s and 2000s. The China Triangle is largely premised on the idea that the most recent phase in Latin America's economic development was as much a rejection of the consensus as an embrace of China. As Gallagher shows, that relationship has been rocky in many ways. Gallagher documents the negative effects of booming trade and investment by Chinese and other firms in extraction of natural resources. Growth in mining alone has led to increased chemical leaching, improper disposal of waste and acidic runoff from mines. Chemical leaching has killed fish and caused economic damage in Peru. Deforestation and related flooding in Argentina are thought to stem from the rise in soya production for export to China. Gallagher is careful to note that Chinese companies have shown their capacity to adapt to Latin American laws and norms. In Peru, US company Doe Run performed much worse on a number of counts than Chinese mining firms. But the vast majority of trade, 90%
Robust Edge Stop Functions for Edge Based Active Contour Models in Medical Image Segmentation
Venue: IEEE Signal Processing Letters

Edge based active contour models are effective in segmenting images with intensity inhomogeneity but often fail when applied to images containing poorly defined boundaries, such as in medical images. Traditional edge stop functions (ESFs) utilize only gradient information, which fails to stop contour evolution at such boundaries because of the small gradient magnitudes. To address this problem, we propose a framework to construct a group of ESFs for edge based active contour models to segment objects with poorly defined boundaries. In our framework, which incorporates gradient information as well as probability scores from a standard classifier, the ESF can be constructed from any classification algorithm and applied to any edge based model using a level set method. Experiments on medical images using the distance regularized level set for edge based active contour models as well as the k nearest neighbours and the support vector machine confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Realism and Geopolitics in Italy during the Cold War: Decline and Revival

Since the end of the Cold War, realism and geopolitics have enjoyed a remarkable revival in the study of international affairs in Italy. These approaches are often presented as linear and coherent intellectual trajectories in the history of Italian political thought, connecting Niccolo Machiavelli to Vilfredo Pareto and Gaetano Mosca. In this paper we argue that this genealogical account is not only problematic, but also has limited relevance precisely to the Cold War years. While the Cold War may be considered their <golden age> political realism and geopolitics had actually very little impact on Italian scholars during the Cold War. By exploring the fragmented and complex development of Italian realist and geopolitical thought during the Cold War, the article thus challenges the presumed continuity of these two traditions and outlines alternative genealogies. These shed light not only on the <weak> and <hybrid> versions of realism and geopolitics that survived the end of the Second World War, but also foreground the specific contribution of scholars such as Pierpaolo Portinaro, Carlo Galli and Gianfranco Miglio in returning geopolitics and realism to the intellectual debate, and highlight the unexpected convergence of Marxist and conservative thought around this revival.
Predicting Infrared Spectra of Nerve Agents Using Density Functional Theory

Vibration frequencies of four nerve agents and two simulators are calculated using B3LYP coupled with ten basis sets. To evaluate the accuracy of calculated spectra, root mean square error (RMSE) and weighted cross correlation average (WCCA) are considered. The evaluation shows that B3LYP/6 311+g(d,p) performs best in predicting infrared spectra, and polarization functions are found to be more important than diffusion functions in spectra simulation. Moreover, B3LYP calculation underestimates frequencies related to the P atom. The WCCA metric derives 1.008 as a unique scaling factor for calculated frequencies. The results indicate that the WCCA metric can identify six agents based on calculated spectra.
The Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks
Venue: Mob. Networks Appl.

As one of the key techniques in wireless sensor networks (WSN) localization algorithm has been a research hot topic and indispensable function in most wireless applications. In order to promote localization accuracy and efficiency, a lot of localization algorithms with different performances and computation complexities have been proposed. The paper discusses the drawbacks of some typical works on localization, and proposes a hybrid localization algorithm integrated with approximate point in triangle (APIT) and distance vector hop (DV HOP) To address the positioning accuracy and coverage rate, the objectives of this paper are three folds: firstly, adopting angle detection to determine the exact direction of unknown nodes. Then, the APIT algorithm is adopted over all unknown nodes within the triangle and its localization error is reduced from 14.7215 m in conventional APIT to 3.2348 m in the considered scenario. Finally, the DV HOP algorithm is adopted with different weights for the nodes within the minimum hops, and localizes the rest unknown nodes in WSN with localization accuracy increased by 49%
Beta Adrenoceptor Antagonists and Antianginal Drugs

This review of the 2015 publications on beta adrenoceptor antagonists and antianginal drugs covers beta adrenoceptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, the potassium channel activator nicorandil, nitroglycerin, and the late sodium channel (INA) inhibitor ranolazine. Highlights include reports of a pityriasis rosea like reaction with atenolol, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with labetalol, psychosis with metoprolol, gynecomastia with nebivolol, fatal hyperkalemia with concomitant propranolol and succinylcholine, and psychosis with topical timolol. Studies reporting a lack of increased fracture risk of elderly patients on calcium channel blockers coprescribed clarithromycin, reduced vasodilatory side effects and headache with combination nifedipine candesartan, and lack of hypotension in aortic stenosis patients receiving nitroglycerin are described. Case reports of intractable hyperkalemia from nicorandil, Schamberg's disease with amlodipine, gingival overgrowth with nitrendipine and amlodipine, and T wave inversions with ranolazine are also included.
Distantly supervised Web relation extraction for knowledge base population
Venue: Semantic Web

Extracting information from Web pages for populating large, cross domain knowledge bases requires methods which are suitable across domains, do not require manual effort to adapt to new domains, are able to deal with noise, and integrate information extracted from different Web pages. Recent approaches have used existing knowledge bases to learn to extract information with promising results, one of those approaches being distant supervision. Distant supervision is an unsupervised method which uses background information from the Linking Open Data cloud to automatically label sentences with relations to create training data for relation classifiers. In this paper we propose the use of distant supervision for relation extraction from the Web. Although the method is promising, existing approaches are still not suitable for Web extraction as they suffer from three main issues: data sparsity, noise and lexical ambiguity. Our approach reduces the impact of data sparsity by making entity recognition tools more robust across domains and extracting relations across sentence boundaries using unsupervised co reference resolution methods. We reduce the noise caused by lexical ambiguity by employing statistical methods to strategically select training data. To combine information extracted from multiple sources for populating knowledge bases we present and evaluate several information integration strategies and show that those benefit immensely from additional relation mentions extracted using co reference resolution, increasing precision by 8% We further show that strategically selecting training data can increase precision by a further 3%
Trends and Developments Shaping the Future of Diagnostic Medical Imaging: 2015 Annual Oration in Diagnostic Radiology.
Venue: Radiology

For acceptance of innovative new methods into practice, the imaging community will need to increase its emphasis on assessing not just the intrinsic quality or accuracy of new methods but their capacity to ultimately help achieve societal goals of more patient centeredness of care, better patient outcomes, and improved cost effectiveness in resource utilization.
Negotiation Based Gaming for Statistical QoS Guarantee over Information Centric Wireless Networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

Information centric network technique is developed to reduce duplicate transmissions for popular data contents by adopting caching strategy and enabling mobile users to access popular data contents from cache stations of nearby network gateways. In current information centric wireless networks, one popular data content can be stored in multiple cache stations and requested by multiple mobile users. One of the main challenges of this multiple cache and multiple user wireless network lies in how the mobile user obtains a data content from one of these multiple cache stations with the minimum cost while guaranteeing the data transmission quality of service (QoS) and which mobile user should a cache station choose to provide the data content. To overcome these problems, we formulate a many to many negotiation game, where each player (a cache station or a mobile user) bargains with all of its negotiation partners (all mobile users and all cache stations, respectively) in terms of desirable prices, aiming at maximizing its individual payoff. In our proposed negotiation game scheme, the payoff for a mobile user is the obtained QoS gain minus corresponding costs, and the payoff for a cache station is the obtained payment from its negotiation partner mobile user minus the cost for providing services. We propose an adaptive concession strategy, such that players can adjust the concession speed and concession amount of their desirable prices according to their current bargain situations in each game round. Then, we mathematically prove that our proposed adaptive concession strategy maximizes players' payoffs and the probability to achieve a negotiation agreement. Finally, we validate and evaluate the performances of our proposed negotiation game scheme and adaptive concession strategy through the numerical analyses.
Low Power, Self Rectifying, and Forming Free Memristor with an Asymmetric Programing Voltage for a High Density Crossbar Application.
Venue: Nano letters

A Pt/NbOx/TiOy/NbOx/TiN stack integrated on a 30 nm contact via shows a programming current as low as 10 nA and 1 pA for the set and reset switching, respectively, and a self rectifying ratio as high as ~105, which are suitable characteristics for low power memristor applications. It also shows a forming free characteristic. A charge trap associated switching model is proposed to account for this self rectifying memrisive behavior. In addition, an asymmetric voltage scheme (AVS) to decrease the write power consumption by utilizing this self rectifying memristor is also described. When the device is used in a 1000 x 1000 crossbar array with the AVS, the programming power can be decreased to 8.0% of the power consumption of a conventional biasing scheme. If the AVS is combined with a nonlinear selector, a power consumption reduction to 0.31% of the reference value is possible.
Discovery of research interests of authors over time using a topic model
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp)

With a growing number of Web documents, many approaches have been proposed for knowledge discovery on Web documents. The documents do not always provide keywords or categories, so unsupervised approaches are desirable, and topic modeling is such an approach for knowledge discovery without using labels. Further, Web documents usually have time information such as publish years, so knowledge patterns over time can be captured by incorporating the time information. In this paper, we propose a new topic model called the Author Topic Flow (ATF) model whose objective is to capture temporal patterns of research interests of authors over time, where each topic is associated with a research domain. The design of the ATF model is based on the hypothesis that direct topic flows are better than indirect topic flows in the state of the art Temporal Author Topic (TAT) model, which is the most similar approach to ours. We prove the hypothesis by showing the effectiveness of the ATF model compared to the TAT model.