nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Buffer management for streaming media transmission in hierarchical data of opportunistic networks
Venue: Neurocomputing

An opportunistic network is a kind of novel and self organizing mobility network with DTN (Delay Tolerant Networks) features, which has no fixed topological structure and transfers messages using the opportunity of nodes encountering. Transmitting steaming media in such a network faces significant challenge, since the topology between source node and destination node is variable. In order to increase the delivery ratio, an opportunistic network employs the message redundancy mechanism, which leads to the existing of multiple copies of messages in different routes at the same moment. These duplicates tend to jam the network, block later messages and jeopardize network performance due to the limited buffer resource of nodes. In this context, we propose a novel buffer management algorithm for streaming media (BMSM) in an opportunistic network by combining the characters of opportunistic networks with the feature of hierarchical data encoding of H.264 streaming media. The BMSM algorithm fully utilizes the real time dynamic parameters of the network, i.e. remaining living time and the estimation of message copies, and it automatically assigns a priority parameter to a message to determine its transitivity and priority in the node's buffer sequence based on the hierarchical property of the messages. By combining the mobility of nodes, a new queuing strategy for managing the buffer is also proposed in BMSM, in which a message is forwarded preferentially to the interacting closely truck nodes when it is at the head of the sequence. Simulation results show that the proposed BMSM algorithm effectively improves the delivery rate and limited the network overhead ratio and thereby ensures the continuous media streams.
Stimulation of the Pontine Parabrachial Nucleus Promotes Wakefulness via Extra thalamic Forebrain Circuit Nodes
Venue: Current Biology

Human and animal studies have identified an especially critical role for the brainstem parabrachial (PB) complex in regulating electrocortical (electroencephalogram [EEG] and behavioral arousal: lesions of the PB complex produce a monotonous high voltage, slow wave EEG and eliminate spontaneous behaviors. We report here that targeted chemogenetic activation of the PB complex produces sustained EEG and behavioral arousal in the rat. We further establish, using viral mediated retrograde activation, that PB projections to the preoptic basal forebrain and lateral hypothalamus, but not to the thalamus, mediate PB driven wakefulness. We exploited this novel and noninvasive model of induced wakefulness to explore the EEG and metabolic consequences of extended wakefulness. Repeated (daily) chemogenetic activation of the PB was highly effective in extending wakefulness over 4 days, although subsequent PB activation produced progressively lesser wake amounts. Curiously, no EEG or behavioral sleep rebound was observed, even after 4 days of induced wakefulness. Following the last of the four daily induced wake bouts, we examined the brains and observed a chimeric pattern of c Fos expression, with c Fos expressed in subsets of both arousal and sleep promoting nuclei. From a metabolic standpoint, induced extended wakefulness significantly reduced body weight and leptin but was without significant effect on cholesterol, triglyceride, or insulin levels, suggesting that high sleep pressure or sleep debt per se does not, as previously implicated, result in a deleterious metabolic phenotype.
Device free gesture tracking using acoustic signals
Venue: MobiCom

Device free gesture tracking is an enabling HCI mechanism for small wearable devices because fingers are too big to control the GUI elements on such small screens, and it is also an important HCI mechanism for medium to large size mobile devices because it allows users to provide input without blocking screen view. In this paper, we propose LLAP, a device free gesture tracking scheme that can be deployed on existing mobile devices as software, without any hardware modification. We use speakers and microphones that already exist on most mobile devices to perform device free tracking of a hand/finger. The key idea is to use acoustic phase to get fine grained movement direction and movement distance measurements. LLAP first extracts the sound signal reflected by the moving hand/finger after removing the background sound signals that are relatively consistent over time. LLAP then measures the phase changes of the sound signals caused by hand/finger movements and then converts the phase changes into the distance of the movement. We implemented and evaluated LLAP using commercial off the shelf mobile phones. For 1 D hand movement and 2 D drawing in the air, LLAP has a tracking accuracy of 3.5 mm and 4.6 mm, respectively. Using gesture traces tracked by LLAP, we can recognize the characters and short words drawn in the air with an accuracy of 92.3% and 91.2% respectively.
Device free gesture tracking using acoustic signals: demo
Venue: MobiCom

In this demo, we present LLAP, a hand tracking system that uses ultrasound to localize the hand of the user to enable device free gesture inputs. LLAP utilizes speakers and microphones on Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) mobile devices to play and record sound waves that are inaudible to humans. By measuring the phase of the sound signal reflected by the hands or fingers of the user, we can accurately measure the gesture movements. With a single pair of speaker/microphone, LLAP can track hand movement with accuracy of 3.5 mm. For devices with two microphones, LLAP enables drawing in the air capability with tracking accuracy of 4.6 mm. Moreover, the latency for LLAP is smaller than 15 ms for both the Android and the iOS platforms so that LLAP can be used for real time applications.
Knowledge and Attitude of Primary School Teachers in Tehran/Iran towards ADHD and SLD.
Venue: Global journal of health science

The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of primary school teachers in Tehran (Iran) towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning disability (SLD) This study was conducted on 205 primary school teachers in Tehran. Using multi stage sampling, 25 schools were selected randomly. The selected teachers completed a self report questionnaire on knowledge and attitude towards ADHD and SLD. They were found to have average knowledge of as well as mostly neutral attitudes towards SLD and ADHD. There was a positive significant relationship between knowledge and attitude scores of the participants on the two disorders. Regarding students with ADHD or SLD, instead of referring to specialists, most teachers chose to inform the parents. Our findings mainly indicate average knowledge and attitude scores for both ADHD and SLD compared to lower findings in previous studies. Those responsible for organizing and holding in service training workshops on these issues need to have complete mastery and up to date information. It is necessary that the results of such studies be used in educational planning and policy making in the Ministry of Education.
Similarity Learning with Spatial Constraints for Person Re identification
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Pose variation remains one of the major factors that adversely affect the accuracy of person re identification. Such variation is not arbitrary as body parts (e.g. head, torso, legs) have relative stable spatial distribution. Breaking down the variability of global appearance regarding the spatial distribution potentially benefits the person matching. We therefore learn a novel similarity function, which consists of multiple sub similarity measurements with each taking in charge of a subregion. In particular, we take advantage of the recently proposed polynomial feature map to describe the matching within each subregion, and inject all the feature maps into a unified framework. The framework not only outputs similarity measurements for different regions, but also makes a better consistency among them. Our framework can collaborate local similarities as well as global similarity to exploit their complementary strength. It is flexible to incorporate multiple visual cues to further elevate the performance. In experiments, we analyze the effectiveness of the major components. The results on four datasets show significant and consistent improvements over the state of the art methods.
Phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole 3 carbinol from cruciferous vegetables, but not furanocoumarins from apiaceous vegetables, reduced PhIP induced DNA adducts in Wistar rats.
Venue: Molecular nutrition food research

We previously showed that apiaceous but not cruciferous vegetables reduced DNA adducts formed by 2 amino 1 methyl 6 phenylimidazo[4, 5 b]pyridine (PhIP) in rats. Here, we report the effects of the putative chemopreventive phytochemicals from these vegetables on PhIP metabolism and DNA adduct formation.  Rats received three supplemented diets: P I (phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole 3 carbinol) furanocoumarins (FC, 5 methoxypsoralen, 8 methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin) and combination (P I and FC) Phytochemical supplementation matched the levels in vegetables fed in our previous study. After 6 days, rats were injected with PhIP (10 mg/kg body wt) and killed after 24 h urine collection. Compared to the control, P I increased activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (10.1 fold) CYP1A2 (3.62 fold) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (2.70 fold) The combination diet also increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity. Urinary metabolomics revealed that PhIP metabolite profiles generally agreed with biotransformation enzyme activities. P I and combination diets reduced PhIP DNA adducts by 43.5 and 24.1% respectively, whereas FC had no effect on adducts, compared to the control diet.  Effects of phytochemicals on metabolic outcomes and markers of carcinogenesis might differ from fresh vegetables, thus limiting the inferences that one can draw from the effects of purified phytochemicals on the health benefits of the vegetables from which they derive.
A Pilot Study on Mandibular Overdentures Retained By Mini Dental Implants: Marginal Bone Level Changes and Patient Based Ratings of Clinical Outcome.
Venue: The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immediately loaded mini dental implants (MDIs) used to support mandibular overdentures on the peri implant bone level as well as patients' related levels of satisfaction and quality of life.  Four MDIs were placed in the interforaminal region of 10 completely edentulous patients, and the implants were loaded immediately (same day) with an overdenture. Radiographic assessment of the bone loss during a period of 18 months was performed by measuring the bone level changes at the mesial and distal aspects of each implant on panoramic radiographs. At the end of this period, patients' satisfaction level on the visual analog scale (VAS) and oral health related quality of life was assessed by means of questionnaires.  A mean bone loss of 1.04 mm on the mesial and distal sides was recorded during the 18 month period after loading of the implants. The score for general satisfaction level was 95.67 5.68. Similarly high VAS scores were given by the patients in all other specific items on patient satisfaction. The total score for the Oral Health Impact Profile 20 (OHIP 20) was 34.07 13.90, which was comparable to that recorded in other studies.  The short term radiographic peri implant bone level changes of MDIs immediately loaded with overdentures in the edentulous mandible were within the physiologic limits. The patients expressed a high level of satisfaction and oral health related quality of life with this treatment modality.
Patient satisfaction and prosthetic aspects with mini implants retained mandibular overdentures. A 5 year prospective study.
Venue: Clinical oral implants research

This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction and prosthetic aspects during a 5 year prospective clinical study of mini dental implants (MDIs) retaining mandibular overdentures.  This observational prospective clinical study was conducted on a group of completely edentulous patients (n 28) with retention problems of conventional mandibular dentures. All patients received new maxillary and mandibular conventional dentures. A total of 112 MDIs (four per patient) were inserted using the flapless surgical approach and immediately loaded by the new mandibular dentures (overdentures) Patients indicated satisfaction with their prosthesis using a questionnaire and a visual analogue scale (VAS) Patient satisfaction and prosthetic complications were recorded 6 months (T6 m 1 (T1) 3 (T3) and 5 (T5) years after overdenture insertion.  The patient satisfaction with eating (hard/soft) food (P 0.001) talking (P 0.001) appearance (P 0.001) comfort (P 0.001) healing process (P 0.013) socialization (P 0.001) stability/retention of mandibular dentures (P 0.001) ease of oral hygiene (P 0.008) and ease of handling the dentures (P 0.001) increased significantly with time. After 5 years, the most common complication was wear/damage of O/rings (n 235) O/ring replacement (n 125) maxillary denture relining times (n 13) worn teeth (n 10) overdentures relines (n 10) detachment of the metal housings (n 9) and fracture of mandibular overdentures (n 8) Mucositis, soreness, and decubitis ulcer under overdenture occurred most often at T6 m and decreased significantly with time (P 0.002, 0.005, and 0.024, respectively) CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this clinical study, patient satisfaction with mini implant retained mandibular overdentures increased significantly with time. However, this treatment required a considerable amount of prosthetic maintenance and repair after 5 years of service.
Extending Understandings of Bilingual and Multilingual Education

Our traditional understandings of bilingual and multilingual education have been disrupted, as scholars in different parts of the world have questioned some of them. In this chapter we extend the definition of bilingual education to the use of diverse language practices to educate, and we identify the different ideologies that lead to diverse ways of doing bilingual education around the world. We show how bilingual education has to respond to the language practices of people, taking on a social justice purpose, and reinforcing the idea that language is used by people to communicate and participate in multiple contexts and societies. O. Garcia The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA e mail: OGarcia@gc.cuny.edu A. Lin Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong e mail: yeonmia@gmail.com; angellin@hku.hk Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 O. Garcia et al. (eds. Bilingual and Multilingual Education, Encyclopedia of Language and Education,  1 1 This chapter brings some order to the differences in perspectives that follow in this volume, without negating them. We discuss some of the shared understandings of the authors the goodness of bilingual education; its relationship to social, political and economic factors including the global neoliberal economy and the state; its relationship to power and advocacy; its engagement of families and communities; and its lack of material resources. And we summarize what some of the authors in this volume claim would be necessary for bilingual education to adapt to the changing world of the 21st century going beyond named languages and going beyond traditional models and types of bilingual education.
Innovation capacity, international experience and export performance of SMEs in Brazil

Innovation capacity and international experience are factors often related to the internationalisation process of firms, with export activities as the first stage of the process. However, firms from emerging countries seem to show advantages and follow patterns of international expansion that may differ from firms based in developed countries, where the internationalisation models were created. Specifically, exporting firms from emerging countries tend to have limited resources, especially small firms (e.g. for investing in R&D) Despite these facts, the literature on export performance seems biased towards recommending firms to enhance, above all, their innovation capacity in order to achieve better export performance, while little attention is paid to international experience as a factor that is as important as innovation. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation capacity and international experience on the export performance of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) located in an emerging country and to identify which factor is more significant. The Resource Based View and Dynamic Capabilities approach were used as theoretical frameworks. A research model was developed and tested on a significant sample of Brazilian industrial SMEs. The data were analysed through partial least squares structural equation modelling. The results indicate that international experience has a greater impact on export performance than innovation capacity, showing that there is possibility of overemphasising the role of innovation in the export performance of SMEs, at least, in the Brazilian context.
Differential network analysis from cross platform gene expression data
Venue: Scientific reports

Understanding how the structure of gene dependency network changes between two patient specific groups is an important task for genomic research. Although many computational approaches have been proposed to undertake this task, most of them estimate correlation networks from group specific gene expression data independently without considering the common structure shared between different groups. In addition, with the development of high throughput technologies, we can collect gene expression profiles of same patients from multiple platforms. Therefore, inferring differential networks by considering cross platform gene expression profiles will improve the reliability of network inference. We introduce a two dimensional joint graphical lasso (TDJGL) model to simultaneously estimate group specific gene dependency networks from gene expression profiles collected from different platforms and infer differential networks. TDJGL can borrow strength across different patient groups and data platforms to improve the accuracy of estimated networks. Simulation studies demonstrate that TDJGL provides more accurate estimates of gene networks and differential networks than previous competing approaches. We apply TDJGL to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ovarian tumors to build differential networks associated with platinum resistance. The hub genes of our inferred differential networks are significantly enriched with known platinum resistance related genes and include potential platinum resistance related genes.
ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP STYLES AND ORGANISATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY OF FINANCIAL SECTOR INCAMEROON

As organizations have found themselves continuously redefining their markets, restructuring their operations, and modifying their business models and learning the skills to think and act entrepreneurially, entrepreneurial leadership has become a source of competitive advantage. Microfinance Institutions in Cameroon are not exceptions for this struggle as they develop competitive strategies to secure a bigger market share within the finance sector. Mitanyen Cooperative Credit Union Limited being a microfinance institution affiliated to the Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League has experienced different levels of growth under different leaders, probably applying different leadership styles since its creation. This growth has not been steady under the various leaders; meanwhile this union is facing so many aggressive competitors who may push her out of business in the days ahead. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial leadership styles on the productivity of the financial sector in Cameroon. This study adopts a mix method approach to data collection. The primary data was collected by interviewing the last 3 presidents of the society through a face to face approach, while 40 employees of the organisation were surveyed through the use of semi structured questionnaires. Secondary information was sourced via newspaper and magazine reports, journal and conferences papers and internet sources. The interview data was transcribed and analysed through content analysis and constant comparative method. The semi structured questionnaire data were analysed with the use of Microsoft Excel and SPSS Version 17 software for data analysis. This study concludes that organisational leaders are endowed with different leadership styles but one must be dominant and the others recessive. However, no leadership style is good for all situations, organisational leaders adopt styles depending on prevailing circumstances in the organisation
2D image analysis method for evaluating coarse aggregate characteristic and distribution in concrete

Two dimensional (2D) image analysis method is developed for evaluating coarse aggregate characteristic and distribution in concrete, based on concrete cross section image. Coarse aggregate characteristic includes particle size, particle grading, particle roundness and particle orientation. Coarse aggregate distribution includes particle distributing homogeneity, particle distance and mortar to coarse aggregate area ratio (MAAR) The 2D image analysis method is performed on one conventional concrete and four self consolidating concrete. Except exhibiting the ability of the 2D image analysis method, the analysis results also show the consistency of 2D information and 3D information, by comparing particle grading with sieving curve, and MAAR with mortar to coarse aggregate volume ratio (MAVR) Meanwhile, the 2D image analysis method can reveal the influence stochastic error, such as vibration and non uniform sampling, on the homogeneity of concrete.
Role of Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystals in Hydrothermal Reduction and Supercapacitor Performance.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

The formation of liquid crystal (LC) phases in graphene oxide (GO) aqueous solution is utilized to develop high performance supercapacitors. To investigate the effect of LC formation on the properties of subsequently reduced GO (rGO) we compare films prepared through blade coating of viscous LC GO solution and ultrasonic spray coating of diluted GO aqueous dispersion. After hydrothermal reduction under identical conditions, the films show different morphology, oxygen content, and specific capacitance. Trapped water in the LC GO film plays a role in preventing restacking of sheets and facilitating the removal of oxygenated groups during the reduction process. In device architectures with either liquid or polymer electrolyte, the specific capacitance of the blade coated film is twice as high as that of the spray coated one. For a blade coated film with mass loading of 0.115 mg/cm(2) the specific capacitance reaches 286 F/g in aqueous electrolyte and 263 F/g in gelled electrolyte, respectively. This study suggests a route to pilot scale production of high performance graphene supercapacitors through blade coated LC GO films.