nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of universal design in Malaysia: KAED universal design as research and training provider for Malaysia

The objective of this paper is to give the overview about the present status of the facilities, awareness and research related to Universal Design in Malaysia since its independence in 1957. For the last 10 years, Malaysia has shown exponential growth in every aspect, and the government of Malaysia has given a lot of support towards attending to the needs of the disadvantaged groups including women, children, single parents, the aged and the disabled. Many standards, regulations, code of practice and guidelines have been developed to have good accessibility, connectivity, usability and seamlessness in built environment. Recently, various groups, including professionals in the built environment such as architects, planners and engineers, academicians, officers from local authorities, developers and contractors have implemented accessibility and universal design in their projects and development. However, more effort from various bodies, be it government, non government or higher learning institutions, are still needed to transform Malaysia into a developed, safe and accessible country. Every year, the numbers of aged population are increasing, and the need to provide accessible facilities in Malaysia keeps getting higher to accommodate them.  Unit (KUDU) of International Islamic University Malaysia was formed with the intention to promote the application of universal design in the built environment and product design, as well as to disseminate research findings through international conferences, symposiums, workshops and product competitions. KUDU also aims to improve the quality of life for the general public through promotion and implementation of universal design in the built environment. Research collaborations have also been conducted with other universities, locally and abroad. An elective subject related to universal design named Barrier Free Architecture was offered in the Bachelor of Architecture programme and Bachelor of Landscape Architecture programme starting 2008, in order to promote this approach.  Universal design; Disabled; Accessibility; The aged; Built environment; KAED Universal Design Unit (KUDU)
Using Communicative Games in Improving Students' Speaking Skills

The aims of the study are to know whether communicative games have an impact on teaching speaking skill and describe how communicative games give an influence on speaking skills of students at junior high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. Classroom Action Research (CAR) was implemented based on Kurt. L model. The procedures used were planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. It was done into two cycles in each cycle consisted of three meetings. The researcher used collaborative action research with some of the English teachers. In collecting the data, the instruments were interview, observation, questionnaire and test. The test only given to students. The rest of the instruments administered for both teachers and students. The result of the study showed the mean score's pretest reached of 60.42 to 69.02 and post test's score reached up to 78.77. It is important to describe that there is a significant improvement of 13.9% to 41.7% in post test 1 and 83.33% in post test 2. Therefore, the criteria of success had been determined. It is crucial to note that communicative games have contributed a positive impact on teaching learning process. This also implies the communicative games expected to enhance students' enthusiasm and motivation. Clearly, It gives positive improvement on students' active participation, confidence and their fluency in speaking skill. In short it can be described that the strategy of teaching and learning creates good, enjoyable circumstances and reduces the boredom and stress of learning process.
Speaking Skills Problems Encountered by Iranian EFL Freshmen and Seniors from Their Own and Their English Instructors Perspectives

The present study investigated the speaking skills problems faced by Iranian EFL freshmen and seniors from their own and their English instructors' perspectives. To this end, 238 Iranian EFL students (138 freshmen and 100 seniors) and 30 English instructors from various universities participated in the study by completing a validated speaking skills problems questionnaire. To triangulate the data, 30 EFL students (15 freshmen and 15 seniors) and ten English instructors, selected randomly from among the participants of the study, also sat a semi structured interview. The results of the study revealed that some socially related and instructor related problems, the lack of teaching facilities, and the curricula of the education system of the country were among the major problem creating factors for the freshmen's and seniors' speaking skills. Furthermore, the t test results showed that overall there was no significant difference between the freshmen's and the seniors' perceptions of their own speaking skills problems. The results of Chi square analyses of the individual items of the questionnaire indicated that there was no significant difference between the freshmen's and the seniors' perceptions except for item 1 (I am afraid of making mistakes) In addition, the results of one way ANOVA showed that overall there was no significant difference among the freshmen's, the seniors' and the instructors' perceptions of speaking skills problems.
The Use of Task Based Activities to Improve Listening and Speaking Skills in EFL Context

The aim of this study was to improve EFL learners' English listening and speaking skills at a State University in Turkey, School of Foreign Languages, Department of Basic English B1 and B1+ groups through task based activities. The participants were 56 in total, studying in the academic year of 2014 2015 Spring Fall. The instruments used for collecting data were 16 lesson plans and the speaking and listening quiz results as post tests. The data were statistically analyzed by mean, max, and min values of the scores. Teaching process and the lesson plans were recorded by researcher then presented in essay form. After the implementation and the post tests, the participants' opinions about the task were collected as an interview. The results of the study showed that B1 groups did not get significant results from listening test and get nearly significant scores from speaking test while the listening and speaking results of B1+ groups through task based learning after the implementations were highly significant, which shows that their participation in the task based activities in the classroom reflected the results positively. Also the students' opinions about task based learning and teaching activities were respectively positive. As a result, it can be said that task based activities play a significant role in improving listening and speaking skills in EFL settings.
Retail transformations and consumer preferences in Paarl and Stellenbosch: CBD versus decentralised mall

Shopping malls represent high shopping convenience that contains much choice, and great access and entertainment. However, from an urban geographical standpoint, shopping malls represent decentralisation, car dependency and low access by disadvantaged consumers, who live remotely, without a car, in poor neighbourhoods. Shopping malls started to compete with retain in the central business district (CBD) in several countries throughout the world, and it would seem that the CBD is losing the retail battle. Furthermore there also are social consequences, such as low access by disadvantaged consumers, and whereas this topic is discussed in the global north, there are few South African examples of CBD retail and its consumers. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to examine the retail transformations and the consumer preferences in two medium sized South African cities, namely Paarl and Stellenbosch, which are located in the Western Cape. Through convenience sampling on the basis of 346 surveys, in depth interviews with key informants, retail street observations and a Google street view analysis, this research provides an overview of the retail transformations experienced in the CBD and two selected shopping malls in Paarl and Stellenbosch, in combination with the experiences and preferences of disadvantaged and advantaged consumers. The empirical findings confirmed the negative impact on retail in the CBD in Paarl after the building of a new, decentralised shopping mall along with stronger, segregated retail use. On the other hand, the empirical findings in the CBD of Stellenbosch showed a strong sign of retail resilience, alongside a decline in retail in a decentralised shopping mall. The chances of retail resilience and a more resilient CBD, such as in Stellenbosch, were explained by the literature, in the context of diverse cultural, retail and economic facilities, along with the provision of education and public areas and buildings. Furthermore, limited access to retail facilities by disadvantaged consumers in Stellenbosch was not found, probably due to the presence of a very accessible city mall for disadvantaged consumers in the Stellenbosch CBD.
Gender stereotypes in advertising: a review of current research

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the historical context of gender stereotypes in advertising and then examine the scholarship related to gender stereotypes. Gender portrayals in advertising have been examined extensively in the last five decades and still remain an important topic. Changing role structure in the family and in the labor force has brought significant variation in both male and female roles and subsequently how it is reflected in advertising. It has been noted that there is a culture lag. Sexes for a long period of time were depicted in advertising in more traditional roles. Women were presented in an inferior manner relative to their potential and capabilities, while at the same the data indicated a shift towards more positive role portrayals. The changing role of men is the area that has seen the greatest interest in the past few years. Men are depicted in advertising in 'softer' roles, while interacting with their children. Men are also shown in more egalitarian roles. The paper finally attempts to outline the future research direction of gender portrayals in advertising. First, research should focus on examining gender portrayals in online platforms, and find ways to modify current coding schemes to digital formats. Second, companies and the media are beginning to pay attention to a once largely ignored segment the lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender (LGBT) consumer. Third, recent advertising has focused on the 'empowered' women called femvertising.
Leading with their hearts? How gender stereotypes of emotion lead to biased evaluations of female leaders

The belief that women are more emotional than men is one of the strongest gender stereotypes held in Western cultures (Shields, 2002) And yet, gender stereotypes of emotion have received little attention from gender and leadership scholars. In this paper, I review the existing research on gender and emotions and propose that gender stereotypes of emotion present a fundamental barrier to women's ability to ascend to and succeed in leadership roles. I first define the nature of people's gender emotion stereotypes and outline why perceptions of emotionality may be particularly detrimental to women when they are in high status positions in work contexts. I then suggest that gender emotion stereotypes create two complex minefields that female, but not male, leaders have to navigate in order to be successful: (1) identifying how much emotion should be displayed and (2) identifying what kind of emotions should be displayed. Specifically, female leaders can be penalized for even minor or moderate displays of emotion, especially when the emotion conveys dominance (e.g. anger or pride) but being emotionally un expressive may also result in penalties because unemotional women are seen as failing to fulfill their warm, communal role as women. I conclude by considering the interactive role of race and ethnicity with regards to gender stereotypes of emotion and proposing avenues for future research.
Stereotypes About Gender and Science

We conducted two studies and our primary goal was to assess the similarity between stereotypes about women and men and stereotypes about successful scientists. In addition, we examined the degree to which scientists, men, and women are seen as agentic or communal. Results revealed greater similarity between stereotypes about men and stereotypes about scientists than between stereotypes about women and scientists. Men and scientists were seen as highly agentic, women as highly communal, and scientists as less communal than either men or women. The higher the proportion of women in a scientific field, the more similar the stereotypes of scientists in that field were to stereotypes about women. Female participants perceived more similarity between women and scientists and judged women to be more agentic than male participants did. The results are consistent with role congruity and lack of fit theories that report incompatibility of female gender stereotypes with stereotypes about high status occupational roles. The results demonstrate that women are perceived to lack the qualities needed to be successful scientists, which may contribute to discrimination and prejudice against female scientists. A podcast conversation with the author of this article is available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website at http:/pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Visual perception of upright: Head tilt, visual errors and viewing eye.
Venue: Journal of vestibular research equilibrium orientation

Perception of upright is often assessed by aligning a luminous line to the subjective visual vertical (SVV)  Here we investigated the effects of visual line rotation and viewing eye on SVV responses and whether there was any change with head tilt.  SVV was measured using a forced choice paradigm and by combining the following conditions in 22 healthy subjects: head position (20deg left tilt, upright and 20deg right tilt) viewing eye (left eye, both eyes and right eye) and direction of visual line rotation (clockwise [CW] and counter clockwise [CCW]  The accuracy and precision of SVV responses were not different between the viewing eye conditions in all head positions (P> 0.05, Kruskal Wallis test) The accuracy of SVV responses was significantly different between the CW and CCW line rotations (p 0.0001; Kruskal Wallis test) and SVV was tilted in the same direction as the line rotation. This effect of line rotation was however not consistent across head tilts and was only present in the upright and right tilt head positions. The accuracy of SVV responses showed a higher variability among subjects in the left head tilt position with no significant difference between the CW and CCW line rotations (P> 0.05; post hoc Dunn's test)  In spite of the challenges to the estimate of upright with head tilt, normal subjects did remarkably well irrespective of the viewing eye. The physiological significance of the asymmetry in the effect of line rotation between the head tilt positions is unclear but it %may suggest suggests a lateralizing effect of head tilt on the visual perception of upright.
The Analysis of Reading Skills and Visual Perception Levels of First Grade Turkish Students

In this study, primary school first grade students' reading skills and visual perception levels were investigated. Sample of the study, which was designed with relational scanning model, consisted of 168 first grade students studying at three public primary schools in Kozlu, Zonguldak, in 2013 2014 education year. Students' reading level, reading comprehension, reading errors were determined by "The Informal Reading Inventory" and their visual perception levels were determined with "Developmental Test of Visual Perception 2" Data was coded in SPSS version 22.0. As a result of the study, the majority of students was identified at the level of anxiety while thirty four students was identified at the instructional level, it was also seen that there was no student at an independent level. Instructional level students had higher reading speeds and reading comprehension than anxiety level students significantly. Anxiety level students had higher reading error rates than instructional level students significantly. It was seen that instructional level students having higher reading levels had significantly higher general visual, motor independent, and visual motor perception than anxiety level students. While anxiety level students were above average instructional level students are superior all visual perception abilities.There is a positive meaningful relationship between the all levels of visual perception, and reading speed, reading comprehension. As first grade students' general visual perception, motor independent visual perception, and visual motor perception scores increased, reading speed and reading comprehension increased, reading error scores decreased.
Morphosyntactic development of Bangla speaking preschool children

This study examines the morphosyntactic development, specifically verb morphology, of typically developing Bangla speaking children between the ages of two and four. Three verb forms were studied: the Present Simple, the Present Progressive and the Past Progressive. The study was motivated by the observations that reliable language specific developmental information is not available in Bangla and that properties of these verb forms render them suitable for exploring how language typology contributes to the learnability of verb morphology in emerging child language. Children's performance on these forms was assessed through form specific language elicitation tasks and spontaneous language samples. Three stages of development of verb morphology were identified by consideration of accuracy of production and error types.
MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BANGLA SPEAKING CHILDREN: A PILOT STUDY

Verb inflections have often been found to be challenging for children to acquire. This paper explores the methodological specifications for eliciting a set of inflected forms in Bangla morphology that is of interest for examining childrenaEUR(tm)s morphosyntactic development, based on a pilot study conducted with 20 monolingual Bangla speaking children between ages two and four. The study identifies a preliminary picture of development with regard to the grammatical markers examined, and puts forward a set of guidelines specific to examining those markers in larger studies.
Highly cited papers in Library and Information Science (LIS) Authors, institutions, and network structures
Venue: J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol.

As a follow up to the highly cited authors list published by Thomson Reuters in June 2014, we analyzed the top 1% most frequently cited papers published between 2002 and 2012 included in the Web of Science (WoS) subject category "Information Science Library Science." In all, 798 authors contributed to 305 top 1% publications; these authors were employed at 275 institutions. The authors at Harvard University contributed the largest number of papers, when the addresses are whole number counted. However, Leiden University leads the ranking if fractional counting is used. Twenty three of the 798 authors were also listed as most highly cited authors by Thomson Reuters in June 2014 ( Twelve of these 23 authors were involved in publishing 4 or more of the 305 papers under study. Analysis of coauthorship relations among the 798 highly cited scientists shows that coauthorships are based on common interests in a specific topic. Three topics were important between 2002 and 2012: (a) collection and exploitation of information in clinical practices; (b) use of the Internet in public communication and commerce; and (c) scientometrics.
Albumin bilirubin versus Child Pugh score as a predictor of outcome after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Venue: The British journal of surgery

The Child Pugh (CP) score is used widely to assess liver function and predict postoperative outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Recently, the albumin bilirubin (ALBI) score has been validated as a predictor of overall survival in these patients. This study aimed to compare the ability of the ALBI and CP scores to predict outcomes in patients with HCC after liver resection with curative intent.
Child Pugh Versus MELD Score for the Assessment of Prognosis in Liver Cirrhosis
Venue: Medicine

AbstractChild Pugh and MELD scores have been widely used for the assessment of prognosis in liver cirrhosis. A systematic review and meta analysis aimed to compare the discriminative ability of Child Pugh versus MELD score to assess the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. The statistical results were summarized from every individual study. The summary areas under receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios were also calculated.Of the 1095 papers initially identified, 119 were eligible for the systematic review. Study population was heterogeneous among studies. They included 269 comparisons, of which 44 favored MELD score, 16 favored Child Pugh score, 99 did not find any significant difference between them, and 110 did not report the statistical significance. Forty two papers were further included in the meta analysis. In patients with acute on chronic liver failure, Child Pugh score had a higher sensitivity and a lower specificity than MELD score. In patients admitted to ICU, MELD score had a smaller negative likelihood ratio and a higher sensitivity than Child Pugh score. In patients undergoing surgery, Child Pugh score had a higher specificity than MELD score. In other subgroup analyses, Child Pugh and MELD scores had statistically similar discriminative abilities or could not be compared due to the presence of significant diagnostic threshold effects.Although Child Pugh and MELD scores had similar prognostic values in most of cases, their benefits might be heterogeneous in some specific conditions. The indications for Child Pugh and MELD scores should be further identified.