nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Concerns over use of glyphosate based herbicides and risks associated with exposures: a consensus statement
Venue: Environmental Health

The broad spectrum herbicide glyphosate (common trade name "Roundup" was first sold to farmers in 1974. Since the late 1970s, the volume of glyphosate based herbicides (GBHs) applied has increased approximately 100 fold. Further increases in the volume applied are likely due to more and higher rates of application in response to the widespread emergence of glyphosate resistant weeds and new, pre harvest, dessicant use patterns. GBHs were developed to replace or reduce reliance on herbicides causing well documented problems associated with drift and crop damage, slipping efficacy, and human health risks. Initial industry toxicity testing suggested that GBHs posed relatively low risks to non target species, including mammals, leading regulatory authorities worldwide to set high acceptable exposure limits. To accommodate changes in GBH use patterns associated with genetically engineered, herbicide tolerant crops, regulators have dramatically increased tolerance levels in maize, oilseed (soybeans and canola) and alfalfa crops and related livestock feeds. Animal and epidemiology studies published in the last decade, however, point to the need for a fresh look at glyphosate toxicity. Furthermore, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer recently concluded that glyphosate is "probably carcinogenic to humans." In response to changing GBH use patterns and advances in scientific understanding of their potential hazards, we have produced a Statement of Concern drawing on emerging science relevant to the safety of GBHs. Our Statement of Concern considers current published literature describing GBH uses, mechanisms of action, toxicity in laboratory animals, and epidemiological studies. It also examines the derivation of current human safety standards. We conclude that: (1) GBHs are the most heavily applied herbicide in the world and usage continues to rise; (2) Worldwide, GBHs often contaminate drinking water sources, precipitation, and air, especially in agricultural regions; (3) The half life of glyphosate in water and soil is longer than previously recognized; (4) Glyphosate and its metabolites are widely present in the global soybean supply; (5) Human exposures to GBHs are rising; (6) Glyphosate is now authoritatively classified as a probable human carcinogen; (7) Regulatory estimates of tolerable daily intakes for glyphosate in the United States and European Union are based on outdated science. We offer a series of recommendations related to the need for new investments in epidemiological studies, biomonitoring, and toxicology studies that draw on the principles of endocrinology to determine whether the effects of GBHs are due to endocrine disrupting activities. We suggest that common commercial formulations of GBHs should be prioritized for inclusion in government led toxicology testing programs such as the U.S. National Toxicology Program, as well as for biomonitoring as conducted by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Encoder and list decoder of Reed Solomon kernel based polar codes
Venue: 2016 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications Signal Processing (WCSP)

In this paper, we propose the encoding and list decoding method of polar codes based on the four dimensional Reed Solomon (RS 4) kernel. In specific, an encoding table based method is employed to reduce the computational complexity of both encoder and decoder. In addition, a simplified method to update log likelihood ratios (LLRs) which employs additions instead of exponential calculations is also proposed to further increase the decoding speed. In addition, we present a method to construct RS 4 polar codes using genie aided simulations, where the symbol channel capacity is determined by the number of decoding errors. Through simulations, we show the decoding performance of the RS 4 polar codes and compare it with the binary polar codes.
Shaken Baby Syndrom
Venue: Der Radiologe

Shaken Baby Syndrom (SBS) oder Schutteltrauma beschreibt das Auftreten subduraler Hamatome, retinaler Blutungen und prognostisch ungunstiger, diffuser Hirnschaden durch heftigstes Schutteln eines Sauglings. Durch die Akzelerations und Dezelerationskrafte kommt es zu einem Abriss von Bruckenvenen, retinalen Einblutungen und diffusen Hirnschaden. Neben den klinischen Symptomen wie Irritabilitat, Trinkschwierigkeiten, Somnolenz, Apathie, zerebrale Krampfanfalle, Apnoe und Temperaturregulationsstorungen kommt es auch zum Erbrechen durch Hirndruck. Mildere Verlaufsformen des SBS werden haufig nicht diagnostiziert, und die Dunkelziffer ist wahrscheinlich viel hoher. Bis zu 20 der Patienten versterben innerhalb von Tagen bis Wochen an SBS, Uberlebende zeigen oft kognitive Defizite und klinische Symptome wie korperliche Behinderung, Beeintrachtigung des Horens, Sehstorungen bis zur Blindheit, Epilepsie und geistige Behinderung bzw. eine Kombination dieser Zustande. Wichtig ist deshalb die Pravention.AbstractThe shaken baby syndrome (SBS) or shaking trauma describes the occurrence of subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage and diffuse injury to the brain by vigorous shaking of an infant that has a poor prognosis. Rapid cranial acceleration and deceleration leads to tearing of bridging veins, retinal hemorrhages and diffuse brain injuries. In addition to clinical symptoms, such as irritability, feeding difficulties, somnolence, apathy, seizures, apnea and temperature regulation disorders, vomiting also occurs due to increased intracranial pressure. Milder forms of SBS often go undiagnosed and the number of unreported cases (grey area) is probably much higher. Up to 20 of patients die within days or weeks due to SBS and survivors often show cognitive deficits and clinical symptoms, such as physical disabilities, impaired hearing, impaired vision up to blindness, epilepsy and mental retardation as well as a combination of these conditions; therefore, prevention is very important.
Resource Management with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Venue: HotNets

Resource management problems in systems and networking often manifest as difficult online decision making tasks where appropriate solutions depend on understanding the workload and environment. Inspired by recent advances in deep reinforcement learning for AI problems, we consider building systems that learn to manage resources directly from experience. We present DeepRM, an example solution that translates the problem of packing tasks with multiple resource demands into a learning problem. Our initial results show that DeepRM performs comparably to state of the art heuristics, adapts to different conditions, converges quickly, and learns strategies that are sensible in hindsight.
Texture feature extraction using an orthogonal transform of arbitrarily shaped image regions
Venue: J. Electronic Imaging

Image oversegmentation creates small, compact, and irregularly shaped regions subject to further clustering. Consideration of texture characteristics can improve the resulting quality of the clustering process. Existing methods based on an orthogonal transform into frequency domain can extract texture features of arbitrarily shaped regions only from inscribed rectangles. We propose a method for extracting texture features of entire arbitrarily shaped image regions using orthogonal transforms. Furthermore, we introduce a mathematically correct method for unifying spectral dimensions that is necessary for accurate comparison and classification of spectra with different dimensions. The proposed method is particularly suitable for classifying areas with periodic and quasiperiodic textures. Our approach exploits the texture periodification property of certain orthogonal transforms that is based on insertion of zeros into the spectrum. We identified some of those orthogonal transforms which possess this important property and also provide mathematical proofs of our claims. Last, we show that inclusion of luminance and chrominance components into the feature vector increases the precision of the proposed method which then becomes suitable for natural scene images as well.
The opposite prognostic effect of NDUFS1 and NDUFS8 in lung cancer reflects the oncojanus role of mitochondrial complex I
Venue: Scientific reports

A recent surge of research on complex I mitochondrial DNA indicates that complex I disassembly regulated by mutation threshold plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, nuclear DNA (nDNA) encoded core subunits are still a neglected area for cancer investigation. In this study, respective prognostic contributions of 7 nDNA encoded core subunits were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and RNA expression data extracted from public resources. The results showed that NDUFS1 and NDUFS8 had the most significant prognostic power in NSCLC patients among all 7 nDNA encoded core subunits. Patients with low NDUFS1 or high NDUFS8 IHC and RNA expression levels had poor overall survival. Because of the significant correlation between expressions of 7 nDNA encoded core subunits, multivariate analysis was performed and identified NDUFS1 and NDUFS8 IHC and RNA expression levels retained their leading prognostic roles. By combining NDFUS1 and NDUFS8 as a panel, the most unfavorable prognostic group had a 14 fold increased risk of poor prognosis than the most favorable prognostic group. In conclusion, the opposite prognostic effect of nDNA encoded core subunits suggests the oncojanus role of nuclear genes regulating complex I dysfunction. The panel with NDUFS1 and NDUFS8 reflecting tumor metabolism status is a novel prognostic predictor for lung cancer.
Frankincense therapeutic properties.
Venue: Postepy higieny i medycyny doswiadczalnej

Recently, increasing interest in natural dietary and therapeutic preparations used as dietary supplements has been observed. One of them is frankincense. This traditional medicine of the East is believed to have anti inflammatory, expectorant, antiseptic, and even anxiolytic and anti neurotic effects. The present study aims to verify the reported therapeutic properties of Boswellia resin and describe its chemical composition based on available scientific studies. The main component of frankincense is oil (60% It contains mono (13% and diterpenes (40% as well as ethyl acetate (21.4% octyl acetate (13.4% and methylanisole (7.6% The highest biological activity among terpenes is characteristic of 11 keto ss acetyl beta boswellic acid, acetyl 11 keto ss boswellic acid and acetyl a boswellic acid. Contemporary studies have shown that resin indeed has an analgesic, tranquilising and anti bacterial effects. From the point of view of therapeutic properties, extracts from Boswellia serrata and Boswellia carterii are reported to be particularly useful. They reduce inflammatory conditions in the course of rheumatism by inhibiting leukocyte elastase and degrading glycosaminoglycans. Boswellia preparations inhibit 5 lipoxygenase and prevent the release of leukotrienes, thus having an anti inflammatory effect in ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, bronchitis and sinusitis. Inhalation and consumption of Boswellia olibanum reduces the risk of asthma. In addition, boswellic acids have an antiproliferative effect on tumours. They inhibit proliferation of tumour cells of the leukaemia and glioblastoma subset. They have an anti tumour effect since they inhibit topoisomerase I and II alpha and stimulate programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Telehealth exercise based cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: Heart

Despite proven effectiveness, participation in traditional supervised exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR) remains low. Telehealth interventions that use information and communication technologies to enable remote exCR programme delivery can overcome common access barriers while preserving clinical supervision and individualised exercise prescription. This meta analysis aimed to determine the benefits of telehealth exCR on exercise capacity and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors compared with traditional exCR and usual care, among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) Methods CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed and PsycINFO were searched from inception through 31 May 2015 for randomised controlled trials comparing telehealth exCR with centre based exCR or usual care among patients with CHD. Outcomes included maximal aerobic exercise capacity, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and exercise adherence. Results 11 trials (n=1189) met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Physical activity level was higher following telehealth exCR than after usual care. Compared with centre based exCR, telehealth exCR was more effective for enhancing physical activity level, exercise adherence, diastolic blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Telehealth and centre based exCR were comparably effective for improving maximal aerobic exercise capacity and other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.  Telehealth exCR appears to be at least as effective as centre based exCR for improving modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and functional capacity, and could enhance exCR utilisation by providing additional options for patients who cannot attend centre based exCR. Telehealth exCR must now capitalise on technological advances to provide more comprehensive, responsive and interactive interventions.
Long term effects of cardiac rehabilitation in elderly individuals with stable coronary artery disease
Venue: Disability and rehabilitation

To compare exercise capacity and cardiovascular response to exercise in elderly individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) who attend ongoing community based maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (CR) versus age and gender matched healthy "very active" (HVA; 2000 kcal/week) and healthy "less active" (HLA; <2000 kcal/week) individuals.  Sixty three participants (age: 72.3 5.1 years; 62% men; n 21 per group) completed the following assessments: (1) symptom limited graded exercise test with expired gas analysis and bioimpedance assessment of cardiovascular function during exercise; (2) walking tests; (3) physical function; (4) anthropometry and (5) 12 month physical activity recall.  The CR group achieved 98% (range: 73 154% of age and gender predicted peak oxygen consumption for healthy individuals. Peak oxygen consumption was lower in CR compared to HVA but not HLA group (VO2peak: CR: 19.0 4.5, HVA: 23.7 2.9, HLA: 20.7 4.7 ml *kg 1cmin 1, p 0.001 versus HVA; p 0.390 versus HLA) Peak heart rate was lower in CR compared to both HVA and HLA. Walking test results and cardiovascular and physical function were not different between the groups.  Elderly individuals with CAD participating in maintenance CR have similar exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory response to exercise compared to their age and gender matched less active healthy peers. The findings support referral of elderly patients to community based CR. Implications for Rehabilitation Fitness benefits of long term maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs remain unknown. Elderly individuals with coronary artery disease participating in maintenance CR have exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory response to exercise similar to their less active healthy peers. Maintenance CR may play an important role prolonging independent living in elderly individuals.
Adhesive arachnoiditis in mixed connective tissue disease: a rare neurological manifestation
Venue: BMJ Case Reports

The overall incidence of neurological manifestations is relatively low among patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) We recently encountered a case of autoimmune adhesive arachnoiditis in a young woman with 7 years history of MCTD who presented with severe back pain and myeloradiculopathic symptoms of lower limbs. To the best of our knowledge, adhesive arachnoiditis in an MCTD patient has never been previously reported. We report here this rare case, with the clinical picture and supportive ancillary data, including serology, cerebral spinal fluid analysis, electrophysiological evaluation and spinal neuroimaging, that is, MRI and CT (CT scan) of thoracic and lumbar spine. Her neurological deficit improved after augmenting her immunosuppressant therapy. Our case suggests that adhesive arachnoiditis can contribute to significant neurological deficits in MCTD and therefore requires ongoing surveillance.
Multifinger Caging Using Dispersion Constraints
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Robotics

An object is caged by a formation of fingers when it is blocked by the fingers from moving arbitrarily far away. Although some objects such as those with opposing concave sections can be caged by only two fingers, many other objects require at least three. Rectangles and 3 D convex objects without a supporting plane, for example, require at least four. This paper focuses on multifinger squeezing caging in which the positions of fingers obey dispersion constraints. In particular, we present an algorithm for computing all initial finger placements at which the object can be caged in an aforementioned manner. An implementation of the proposed algorithm is described along with implementation results both in 2 D and 3 D.
Predicting PD L1 expression on human cancer cells using next generation sequencing information in computational simulation models
Venue: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy

PurposeInteraction of the programmed death 1 (PD 1) co receptor on T cells with the programmed death ligand 1 (PD L1) on tumor cells can lead to immunosuppression, a key event in the pathogenesis of many tumors. Thus, determining the amount of PD L1 in tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is important as both a diagnostic aid and a clinical predictor of immunotherapy treatment success. Because IHC reactivity can vary, we developed computational simulation models to accurately predict PD L1 expression as a complementary assay to affirm IHC reactivity.MethodsMultiple myeloma (MM) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines were modeled as examples of our approach. Non transformed cell models were first simulated to establish non tumorigenic control baselines. Cell line genomic aberration profiles, from next generation sequencing (NGS) information for MM.1S, U266B1, SCC4, SCC15, and SCC25 cell lines, were introduced into the workflow to create cancer cell line specific simulation models. Percentage changes of PD L1 expression with respect to control baselines were determined and verified against observed PD L1 expression by ELISA, IHC, and flow cytometry on the same cells grown in culture.ResultThe observed PD L1 expression matched the predicted PD L1 expression for MM.1S, U266B1, SCC4, SCC15, and SCC25 cell lines and clearly demonstrated that cell genomics play an integral role by influencing cell signaling and downstream effects on PD L1 expression.ConclusionThis concept can easily be extended to cancer patient cells where an accurate method to predict PD L1 expression would affirm IHC results and improve its potential as a biomarker and a clinical predictor of treatment success.
Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
Venue: Cancer treatment and research

Survival outcomes of patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) have improved over the last decade due to the introduction of novel agents such as the immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide (Len) and pomalidomide, and the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib (BTZ) and carfilzomib [1, 2] However, despite these major advances, MM remains largely incurable and almost all patients relapse and require additional therapy [3] The successful introduction of next generation novel agents including oral proteasome inhibitors, deacetylase inhibitors, and especially monoclonal antibodies as part of immunotherapy promises to further improve outcome.
The L2 Motivational Self System and L2 Achievement: A Study of Saudi EFL Learners

The research reported in this article explores the relationship between Dornyei's (2005, 2009) Second Language Motivational Self System (L2MSS) and the L2 proficiency level of Saudi learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) Male and female participants N 360) responded to a questionnaire relating to the main components of L2MSS, the ideal L2 self, the ought to L2 self, and the L2 learning experience, as well as learners' intended learning efforts. The participants' L2 proficiency was then measured with an EFL reading and writing test. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the collected data revealed as expected that the components of the L2MSS were a good predictor of the learners' intended learning efforts. However, the study also established that in this learner population these components were not consistently correlated with L2 achievement. The findings can be treated as evidence that self reported motivation does not always have behavioral consequences.
Promoting Healthy Child Development via a Two Generation Translational Neuroscience Framework: The Filming Interactions to Nurture Development Video Coaching Program.
Venue: Child development perspectives

In this article, we focus on applying methods of translational neuroscience to two generation, family based interventions. In recent years, a small but growing body of evidence has documented the reversibility of some of the neurobiological effects of early adversity in the context of environmental early interventions. Some of these interventions are now being implemented at scale, which may help reduce disparities in the face of early life stress. Further progress may occur by extending these efforts to two generation models that target caregivers' capabilities to improve children's outcomes. In this article, we describe the content and processes of the Filming Interactions to Nurture Development (FIND) video coaching intervention. We also discuss the two generation, translational neuroscience framework on which FIND is based, and how similar approaches can be developed and scaled to mitigate the effects of adversity.
HOME VISIT QUALITY VARIATIONS IN TWO EARLY HEAD START PROGRAMS IN RELATION TO PARENTING AND CHILD VOCABULARY OUTCOMES.
Venue: Infant mental health journal

Home visiting programs aiming to improve early child development have demonstrated positive outcomes, but processes within home visits to individual families are rarely documented. We examined family level variations in the home visiting process (N 71) from extant video recordings of home visits in two Early Head Start programs, using an observational measure of research based quality indicators of home visiting practices and family engagement, the Home Visit Rating Scales (HOVRS) HOVRS scores, showing good interrater agreement and internal consistency, were significantly associated with parent and staff reported positive characteristics of home visiting as well as with parenting and child language outcomes tested at program exit. When home visiting processes were higher quality during the program, home visit content was more focused on child development, families were more involved in the overall program, and most important, scores on measures of the parenting environment and children's vocabulary were higher at the end of the program. Results showed that home visit quality was indirectly associated with child language outcomes through parenting outcomes. Observation ratings of home visit quality could be useful for guiding program improvement, supporting professional development, and increasing our understanding of the links between home visiting processes and outcomes.