nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Who Are You? A Statistical Approach to Measuring User Authenticity
Venue: NDSS

Passwords are used for user authentication by almost every Internet service today, despite a number of wellknown weaknesses. Numerous attempts to replace passwords have failed, in part because changing users' behavior has proven to be difficult. One approach to strengthening password based authentication without changing user experience is to classify login attempts into normal and suspicious activity based on a number of parameters such as source IP, geo location, browser configuration, and time of day. For the suspicious attempts, the service can then require additional verification, e.g. by an additional phone based authentication step. Systems working along these principles have been deployed by a number of Internet services but have never been studied publicly. In this work, we perform the first public evaluation of a classification system for user authentication. In particular: (i) We develop a statistical framework for identifying suspicious login attempts. (ii) We develop a fully functional prototype implementation that can be evaluated efficiently on large datasets. (iii) We validate our system on a sample of real life login data from LinkedIn as well as simulated attacks, and demonstrate that a majority of attacks can be prevented by imposing additional verification steps on only a small fraction of users. (iv) We provide a systematic study of possible attackers against such a system, including attackers targeting the classifier itself.
Is your data gone? measuring user perceptions of deletion
Venue: STAST

Previous studies have shown that many users do not use effective data deletion techniques upon sale or surrender of storage devices. A logical assumption is that many users are still confused concerning proper sanitization techniques of devices upon surrender. This paper strives to measure this assumption through a buyback study with a survey component. We recorded participants' thoughts and beliefs concerning deletion, as well as general demographic information, in relation to actual deletion effectiveness on USB thumb drives. Thumb drives were chosen for this study due to their relative low cost, ease of use, and ubiquity. In addition, we also bought used thumb drives from eBay and Amazon Marketplace to use as a comparison to the wider world. We found that there is no statistically significant difference between buyback and market drives in terms of deletion methods nor presence of sensitive data, and thus our study may be predictive of the perceptions of the market sellers. In our combined data sets, we found over 60% of the drives tested still had recoverable sensitive data, and in the buyback group, we found no correlation between users' perceived versus actual effectiveness of deletion methods. Our results suggest the security community may need to take a different approach to increase the usability, availability, and/or necessity of strong deletion methods.
Bicontinuous Fluid Structure with Low Cohesive Energy: Molecular Basis for Exceptionally Low Interfacial Tension of Complex Coacervate Fluids.
Venue: ACS nano

An exceptionally low interfacial tension of a dense fluid of concentrated polyelectrolyte complexes, phase separated from a biphasic fluid known as complex coacervates, represents a unique and highly sought after materials property that inspires novel applications from superior coating to wet adhesion. Despite extensive studies and broad interest, the molecular and structural bases for the unique properties of complex coacervates are unclear. Here, a microphase separated complex coacervate fluid generated by mixing a recombinant mussel foot protein 1 (mfp 1) as the polycation and hyaluronic acid (HA) as the polyanion at stoichiometric ratios was macroscopically phase separated into a dense complex coacervate and a dilute supernatant phase to enable separate characterization of the two fluid phases. Surprisingly, despite up to 4 orders of magnitude differing density of the polyelectrolytes, the diffusivity of water in these two phases was found to be indistinguishable. The presence of unbound, bulk like, water in the dense fluid can be reconciled with a water population that is only weakly perturbed by the polyelectrolyte interface and network. This hypothesis was experimentally validated by cryo TEM of the macroscopically phase separated dense complex coacervate phase that was found to be a bicontinuous and biphasic nanostructured network, in which one of the phases was confirmed by staining techniques to be water and the other polyelectrolyte complexes. We conclude that a weak cohesive energy between water water and water polyelectrolytes manifests itself in a bicontinuous network, and is responsible for the exceptionally low interfacial energy of this complex fluid phase with respect to virtually any surface within an aqueous medium.
Real time Support Vector Machine based Network Intrusion Detection system using Apache Storm
Venue: 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON)

Network intrusion detection is critical component of network management for security, quality of service and other purposes. These systems allow early detection of network intrusion and malicious activities; based on this detection, appropriate actions can be applied to manage these attacks. Several network intrusion detection systems are proposed and evaluated and many of them are currently in use to provide better security. Currently, computer networks are generating high volume of data traffic which cannot be analyzed by most network intrusion detection systems. This situation requires new techniques that can handle huge volume of real time data traffic and it must maintain the high throughput. We have proposed to network intrusion system based on support vector machine in this work. We also propose to use Apache Storm framework; which is a real time distributed stream processing framework. This network intrusion system is tested for KDD 99 network intrusion dataset.
Integration of residential distributed generators and heat pumps into the low voltage grid from a voltage level perspective

In context of combating climate change, carbon saving goals are defined on European level. One effect of this is the increased installation of photovoltaic, heat pump and combined heat and power systems on low voltage distribution grids. As the distribution grid was not designed to handle this quantity of distributed generators and large loads, there are undesirable influences. The voltage level is identified as the main issue in low voltage grids. From the point of view of a manufacturer of such devices the influence on possible connections to the low voltage grid and necessary measures are of interest. The characteristic voltage influence of combined heat and power, heat pump and photovoltaic systems is evaluated. In order to quantify the influence, a 2020 penetration scenario of these devices is developed using market expectation data. It is shown that different grids show violations of the voltage limits according to EN 50160 and measures for voltage control are therefore necessary in order to integrate the anticipated number of appliances. A range of measures are evaluated regarding effectiveness, system operator and end user economics, comfort and environmental influence. The measures are based on grid operator equipment or enduser appliances. Battery storage based measures are identified as effective but very expensive compared to other solutions. The most cost efficient measure is the installation of on load tap changers at the low voltage transformers. Demand side management of heat pumps can be effective under certain circumstances but end user comfort is endangered here. Considering the total economics, demand side management is more expensive than the use of on load tap changers. From a manufacturer perspective there are no additional requirements for end user appliances identified for voltage control on low voltage grids. Connection restrictions and the grid planning process have to be reviewed in order to enable cost efficient integration of the anticipated number of appliances in 2020. The results are validated for increased generator penetrations in a 'maximum PV' scenario.
A new rapid thermographic method to assess the fatigue limit in GFRP composites

Conventional procedures and methods used for obtaining the fatigue performance of materials represent a critical aspect of mechanical characterization because of time consuming tests with a high number of specimens. In the last few years, great efforts have been made to develop a number of methods aimed at reducing testing time and, subsequently, the cost of the experimental campaign. In the process, thermographic methods have shown to be a useful tool for the rapid evaluation of fatigue damage and fatigue limit. This work deals with a new procedure for the evaluation of fatigue limit and the monitoring of damage in GFRP material by means of thermography. Although damage mechanisms in composite materials are difficult to understand, the proposed procedure allows us to obtain a number of parameters providing information relating to the onset of failure phenomena. It is worth noting that the reported procedure provides results in good agreement with those attained by the standard test methods.
Fatigue limit of polycrystalline zirconium oxide ceramics: Effect of grinding and low temperature aging.
Venue: Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials

The following study aimed to evaluate the effect of grinding and low temperature aging on the fatigue limit of Y TZP ceramics for frameworks and monolithic restorations. Disc specimens from each ceramic material, Lava Frame (3M ESPE) and Zirlux FC (Ivoclar Vivadent) were manufactured according to ISO:6872 2008 and assigned in accordance with two factors: (1) "surface treatment" without treatment (as sintered, Ctrl) grinding with coarse diamond bur (181um; Grinding) and (2) "low temperature aging (LTD)" presence and absence. Grinding was performed using a contra angle handpiece under constant water cooling. LTD was simulated in an autoclave at 134degC under 2 bar pressure for 20h. Mean flexural fatigue limits (20,000 cycles) were determined under sinusoidal loading using stair case approach. For Lava ceramic, it was observed a statistical increase after grinding procedure and different behavior after LTD stimuli (Ctrl<Grinding; Ctrl<Ctrl Ltd; Grinding=Grinding Ltd) while for Zirlux, grinding and low temperature aging promoted a statistical increase in the fatigue limit (Ctrl<Grinding; Ctrl<Ctrl Ltd; Grinding<Grinding Ltd) An important increase was observed in m phase content after both stimuli (grinding and LTD) although with different intensities. Additionally, fatigue test did not promote increase of m phase content. Thus, tested grinding and low temperature aging did not damage the fatigue limit values significantly for both materials evaluated, even though those conditions promoted increase in m phase.
Human genetics after the bomb: Archives, clinics, proving grounds and board rooms.
Venue: Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences

In this paper I track the history of post 1945 human genetics and genomics emphasizing the importance of ideas about risk to the scientific study and medical management of human heredity. Drawing on my own scholarship as it is refracted through important new work by other scholars both junior and senior, I explore how radiation risk and then later disease risk mattered to the development of genetics and genomics, particularly in the United States. In this context I excavate one of the central ironies of post war human genetics: while studies of DNA as the origin and cause of diseases have been lavishly supported by public institutions and private investment around the world, the day to day labor of intensive clinical innovation has played a far more important role in the actual human experience of genetic disease and genetic risk for affected families. This has implications for the archival record, where clinical interactions are less readily accessible to historians. This paper then suggests that modern genomics grew out of radiation risk; that it was and remains a risk assessment science; that it is temporally embedded as a form of both prediction and historical reconstruction; and that it has become a big business focused more on risk and prediction (which can be readily marketed) than on effective clinical intervention.
Medical Genetics and the First Studies of the Genetics of Populations in Mexico
Venue: Genetics

Following World War II (WWII) there was a new emphasis within genetics on studying the genetic composition of populations. This probably had a dual source in the growing strength of evolutionary biology and the new international interest in understanding the effects of radiation on human populations, following the atomic bombings in Japan. These global concerns were shared by Mexican physicians. Indeed, Mexico was one of the leading centers of this trend in human genetics. Three leading players in this story were Mario Salazar Mallen, Adolfo Karl, and Ruben Lisker. Their trajectories and the international networks in human genetics that were established after WWII, paved the way for the establishment of medical and population genetics in Mexico. Salazar Mallen's studies on the distribution and characterization of ABO blood groups in indigenous populations were the starting point while Karl's studies on the distribution of abnormal hemoglobin in Mexican indigenous populations showed the relationships observed in other laboratories at the time. It was Lisker's studies, however, that were instrumental in the development of population genetics in the context of national public policies for extending health care services to the Mexican population. In particular, he conducted studies on Mexican indigenous groups contributing to the knowledge of the biological diversity of human populations according to international trends that focused on the variability of human populations in terms of genetic frequencies. From the start, however, Lisker was as committed to the reconstruction of shared languages and practices as he was to building networks of collaboration in order to guarantee the necessary groundwork for establishing the study of the genetics of human populations in Mexico. This study also allows us to place Mexican science within a global context in which connected narratives describe the interplay between global trends and national contexts.
To start practice theorizing anew: The contribution of the concepts of agencement and formativeness

The journal Organization was a precursor of the turn to practice with its 2000 Special Issue, and the burgeoning number of special issues between 2000 and 2011 testifies to the vitality of a field under construction. Nowadays, the consolidation of the field makes it possible to start to understand and spell out differences and, in so doing, to promote lines of practice theorizing with a greater internal consistency. This article contributes to the articulation of differences among various practice theories and within a practice based theorizing inspired by the sociology of translation. It proposes two concepts agencement and formativeness that address two 'blind spots' in the conversation on the turn to practice. The first blind spot concerns how we can talk of practices as having agency and the second concerns how we can articulate knowing in practice as a 'doing while inventing the way of doing' that is, the creative entanglement of knowing and doing. I shall address these two 'blind spots' by saying that one difficulty in addressing them is created by language. Hence, if we want to turn to practice anew, we need to invent/discover/reconfigure a new vocabulary with which to shape new concepts or to circulate existing ones better.
Theorizing about practice: story telling and practical knowledge in cancer diagnoses

This paper aims to analyze the organization of storytelling and its role in creating and sharing practical knowledge for cancer diagnosis in a medical community in Italy.  The qualitative analysis draws upon different interactional data sets: naturally occurring diagnostic conversations among physicians in the ward, research interviews, video based sessions in which physicians watch and discuss their diagnostic work.  The results highlight: the specific organization of storytelling practices in medical diagnostic work; three main functions that such storytelling practices play in supporting collaborative diagnostic work in the community of our study; and how storytelling practices are resources on which participants rely across settings, including ad hoc reflexive meetings.  This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the role that storytelling plays in the diagnostic work in an understudied and yet life saving site such as oncology.
Comparisonof physicochemical properties of selected locally available legume varieties (mung bean, cowpea and soybean)

Grain legumes are widely used as high protein contained crops that play a secondary role to cereal or root crops. In Sri Lanka various legume species are cultivated and often utilised in the whole grain boiled form. The objective of present study was to analyse and compare locally grown legumes varieties; Mung bean (MI 5, MI 6) Cowpea (Bombay, Waruni, Dhawal, MICP1, ANKCP1) and soybean (pb1, MISB1) for their morphological characteristics, proximate and mineral composition (Fe, Ca, Zn, K, P) Seed shape, seed coat texture and colour, seed size and 100 seed weight (g) were observed morphological characteristics in present study. Most of the characteristics of mung bean and soybean were similar within their species whereas characteristics of cowpea varieties largely differed. Values of 100 seed weight among the varieties of mung bean, soybean and cowpea were ranged from 5.8 6.5 g, 13.5 14.1 g and 13.4 17.2 g, respectively. The moisture content of all legume seeds ranged from 6.81% to 11.99% Results were shown that the protein content significantly higher in soybean (36.56 39.70% followed by mung bean (26.56 25.99% and cowpea (25.22 22.84% respectively. Range of total carbohydrate, crude fat, crude fibre and total ash contents of nine legume varieties varied from 15.29 62.97% 1.25 22.02% 3.04 7.93% and 3.43 6.35 respectively. potassium (K) phosphorus (P) calcium (Ca) iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) ranged from 1000 1900, 360 669, 15.0 192.3, 2.26 11.6 and 1.67 4.26 mg.100g 1 respectively in all the species of studied legume varieties. The wide variation in the chemical and physical properties of observed nine legume varieties, suggesting possible applications for various end use products.
Harnessing Chickpea Value Chain for Nutrition Security and Commercialization of Smallholder Agriculture in Africa

This proceedings on "Harnessing Chickpea Value Chain for Nutrition Security and Commercialization of Stallholder Agriculture in Africa' is the outcome of the First International Chickpea Workshop held  Ethiopia the location which represents the major chickpea growing areas in the country as well as Center of Excellence for the national chickpea research. As it is the first of its kind in that scope, the First International Chickpea Workshop created a vibrant interaction among our global partners and individuals from the chickpea communities. In looking forward, it has been strongly believed that the workshop not only documents what has been achieved by the different interaction levels but also demonstrates that the NARS could play significant role in promoting science and knowledge to resolve agricultural bottlenecks of their own. Accounting for ~2.5% of world and more than 55% of Africa's chickpea production, Ethiopia stands to the top 10 global chickpea producing countries while it is the 1st producer in Africa. Research advances in breeding and crop management practices over the four decades resulted in the development and release of proven technologies that brought a dramatic productivity increase from less than a tone to close to two tons in just a decade and half, comparable to many high input cereals, which has significantly improved the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. In addition, the crop has emerged as one of the major agricultural export commodities next to coffee, sesame and beans. As a result, Ethiopian chickpea has now been shifted from a simple precursor crop to a principal component of the cropping system that significantly contributed in leveraging poverty reduction.
Power and area calibration of switch arbiter for high speed switch control and scheduling in network on chip
Venue: 2016 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC)

Network on chip (NoC) is being considered as a promising model to overcome the communication bottleneck of future multicore systems. It plays an important role in determining the area and power of the entire chip. As a basic component in on chip router, arbiter has a large impact on the performance of router. A centralized arbiter called switch arbiter resolves conflicts between the input ports to get the access for the same output port. The design of such power and area efficient switch arbiter for Network on Chip is a major challenge in DSM technology. This paper proposes a novel switch arbiter that reduces power dissipation and consumes less area in comparison to conventional switch arbiter. The novel switch arbiter has been designed using twisted ring counter instead of ring counter to increase its performance. Simulation results have been carried out using Cadence Design Framework with 180nm technology.
Study and Analysis of Cotton Leaf Disease Detection Using Image Processing

The detection of plant leaf disease is a very important factor to prevent serious outbreak. Most plant diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Traditionally farmer visually checks the disease. This paper presents an approach for careful detection of diseases and timely handling to prevent the crops from heavy losses. The diseases on the cotton are critical issue which makes the sharp decrease in the production of cotton. So for the study, of interest is the leaf rather than whole cotton plant. About 80 95% of diseases occurred on the cotton leaves are like Alternaria, Cercospora, Red spot, white spot and Yellow spot on the Leaf. In this Paper initially the image of the infected leaf is taken& the image pre processing is done taking the histogram equalization is applied to increase the contrast in low contrast image. K means clustering algorithm is used for segmentation which classifies objects based on a set of features into K number of classes and finally classification is performed using Neural network. Thus image processing technique is used for detecting diseases on cotton leaves is simple and accurately.