nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a multicenter performance improvement program for early detection and treatment of severe sepsis in general medical surgical wards.
Venue: Journal of hospital medicine

Sepsis is a leading cause of in hospital death, and evidence suggests a higher mortality in patients presenting with sepsis on the ward compared to those presenting to the emergency department. Ward patients who develop severe sepsis may have poor outcomes for a variety of reasons, including delayed diagnosis, lack of readily available staffing, and delayed treatment. We report on a multihospital quality improvement program for early detection and treatment of sepsis on general medical surgical wards. We describe a multipronged approach to improve severe sepsis outcomes using the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Plan Do Study Act model. Sixty sites engaged in a collaborative implementation process that aligned people, process, and technology. Based on our experience, we recommend a stepwise approach to implement such a program: (1) both administrative and clinical leadership commit to a common goal; (2) appoint clinical champions and give them authority to engage other clinicians to improve timeliness of interventions; (3) map workflows and processes to rely heavily on the nursing staff's ability to evaluate and report severe sepsis screening results; (4) if available, design and deploy technology with the assistance of clinical informaticians (eg, to enable electronic health records based continuous screening) (5) to determine success, consider tracking screening compliance and process, and outcome measures such as length of stay and mortality. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;S11:32 S39.
Medical Surgical Nursing Pathology: A Qualitative Study

1 Phd Student, Nursing Education, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Associate Professor, Nursing Education, Nursing Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 4 Assistant Professor, Nursing Education, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Abbas Ebadi, Associate Professor, Nursing Education, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. E mail: ebadi1347@bmsu.ac.ir Received: 01
Medical 3D printing for vascular interventions and surgical oncology: a primer for the 2016 radiological society of North America (RSNA) hands on course in 3D printing
Venue: 3D Printing in Medicine

Medical 3D printing holds the potential of transforming personalized medicine by enabling the fabrication of patient specific implants, reimagining prostheses, developing surgical guides to expedite and transform surgical interventions, and enabling a growing multitude of specialized applications. In order to realize this tremendous potential in frontline medicine, an understanding of the basic principles of 3D printing by the medical professionals is required. This primer underlines the basic approaches and tools in 3D printing, starting from patient anatomy acquired through cross sectional imaging, in this case Computed Tomography (CT) We describe the basic principles using the relatively simple task of separation of the relevant anatomy to guide aneurysm repair. This is followed by exploration of more advanced techniques in the creation of patient specific surgical guides and prostheses for a patient with extensive pleomorphic sarcoma using Computer Aided Design (CAD) software.
Surgical tools and medical devices

This new edition presents information and knowledge on the field of biomedical devices and surgical tools. The authors look at the interactions between nanotechnology, nanomaterials, design, modeling, and tools for surgical and dental applications, as well as how nanostructured surfaces can be created for the purposes of improving cell adhesion between medical devices and the human body. Each original chapter is revised in this second edition and describes developments in coatings for heart valves, stents, hip and knee joints, cardiovascular devices, orthodontic applications, and regenerative materials such as bone substitutes. There are also 8 new chapters that address: Microvascular anastomoses Inhaler devices used for pulmonary delivery of medical aerosols Surface modification of interference screws Biomechanics of the mandible (a detailed case study) Safety and medical devices The synthesis of nanostructured material Delivery of anticancer molecules using carbon nanotubes Nano and micro coatings for medical devices This book is appropriate for engineers, material scientists, chemists, physicists, biologists, medical and dental professionals with an interest in biomedical devices and tools, and researchers in the same fields.
Surgical management of degenerative meniscus lesions: the 2016 ESSKA meniscus consensus
Venue: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy

PurposeA degenerative meniscus lesion is a slowly developing process typically involving a horizontal cleavage in a middle aged or older person. When the knee is symptomatic, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy has been practised for a long time with many case series reporting improved patient outcomes. Since 2002, several randomised clinical trials demonstrated no additional benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy compared to non operative treatment, sham surgery or sham arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. These results introduced controversy in the medical community and made clinical decision making challenging in the daily clinical practice. To facilitate the clinical decision making process, a consensus was developed. This initiative was endorsed by ESSKA.MethodsA degenerative meniscus lesion was defined as a lesion occurring without any history of significant acute trauma in a patient older than 35 years. Congenital lesions, traumatic meniscus tears and degenerative lesions occurring in young patients, especially in athletes, were excluded. The project followed the so called formal consensus process, involving a steering group, a rating group and a peer review group. A total of 84 surgeons and scientists from 22 European countries were included in the process. Twenty questions, their associated answers and an algorithm based on extensive literature review and clinical expertise, were proposed. Each question and answer set was graded according to the scientific level of the corresponding literature.ResultsThe main finding was that arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should not be proposed as a first line of treatment for degenerative meniscus lesions. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy should only be considered after a proper standardised clinical and radiological evaluation and when the response to non operative management has not been satisfactory. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee is typically not indicated in the first line work up, but knee radiography should be used as an imaging tool to support a diagnosis of osteoarthritis or to detect certain rare pathologies, such as tumours or fractures of the knee.DiscussionThe present work offers a clear framework for the management of degenerative meniscus lesions, with the aim to balance information extracted from the scientific evidence and clinical expertise. Because of biases and weaknesses of the current literature and lack of definition of important criteria such as mechanical symptoms, it cannot be considered as an exact treatment algorithm. It summarises the results of the "ESSKA Meniscus Consensus Project" (http:/www.esska.org/education/projects) and is the first official European consensus on this topic. The consensus may be updated and refined as more high quality evidence emerges.
Development of the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) Trial Protocol: A National Cluster Randomized Trial of Resident Duty Hour Policies.
Venue: JAMA surgery

Debate continues regarding whether to further restrict resident duty hour policies, but little high level evidence is available to guide policy changes.  To inform decision making regarding duty hour policies, the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) Trial is being conducted to evaluate whether changing resident duty hour policies to permit greater flexibility in work hours affects patient postoperative outcomes, resident education, and resident well being.  Pragmatic noninferiority cluster randomized trial of general surgery residency programs with 2 study arms. Participating in the study are Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) approved US general surgery residency programs (n 118) their affiliated hospitals (n 154) surgical residents and program directors, and general surgery patients from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015, with additional patient safety outcomes collected through June 30, 2016. The data collection platform for patient outcomes is the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) thus only hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP were included.  In the usual care arm, programs adhered to current ACGME resident duty hour standards. In the intervention arm, programs were allowed to deviate from current standards regarding maximum shift lengths and minimum time off between shifts through an ACGME waiver.  Death or serious morbidity within 30 days of surgery measured through ACS NSQIP, as well as resident satisfaction and well being measured through a survey delivered at the time of the 2015 American Board of Surgery in Training Examination (ABSITE) RESULTS A total of 118 general surgery residency programs and 154 hospitals were enrolled in the FIRST Trial and randomized. Fifty nine programs (73 hospitals) were randomized to the usual care arm and 59 programs (81 hospitals) were randomized to the intervention arm. Intent to treat analysis will be used to estimate the effectiveness of assignment to the intervention arm on patient outcomes, resident education, and resident well being compared with the usual care arm. Several sensitivity analyses will be performed to determine whether there were differential effects when examining only inpatients, high risk patients, and emergent/urgent cases.  To our knowledge, the FIRST Trial is the first national randomized clinical trial of duty hour policies. Results of this study may be informative to policymakers and other stakeholders engaged in restructuring graduate medical training to enhance the quality of patient care and resident education.
Developmental course of subclinical positive and negative psychotic symptoms and their associations with genetic risk status and impairment
Venue: Schizophrenia Research

The proneness persistence impairment (PPI) model states that psychotic experiences are more likely to lead to impairment if their expression becomes persistent. Higher genetic risk for psychosis is known to affect proneness and persistence of subclinical positive symptoms. Less is known about potential effects of genetic risk on the course of subclinical negative symptoms, impairment, and their subsequent associations. The current study examined these issues in a large sample (n=1131) consisting of individuals with higher genetic risk (siblings of patients with psychotic disorders, n=703) and lower genetic risk (controls without a family member with lifetime psychosis, n=428) Psychotic experiences were assessed with the CAPE questionnaire, at two time points three years apart. Participants were allocated to one of four groups representing developmental course: stable low, decreasing, increasing or persisting subclinical positive/negative symptoms. Lifetime clinical psychosis was an exclusion criterion at baseline. Higher genetic risk status was found to be associated with a persisting course of both subclinical positive and negative symptoms, symptom related distress and functional impairment. There is no evidence for an effect of genetic risk status on the association between developmental course and impairment. The results of the current study underline the importance of assessing psychotic experiences in the context of genetic risk, multidimensional and over time. Additionally, the current findings both underscore and contribute to the PPI model: psychotic experiences are more likely to lead to impairment if their expression becomes persistent, both in individuals with higher and lower genetic risk for psychosis.
Natural mentoring among older youth in and aging out of foster care: A systematic review

Due to their histories of caregiver maltreatment, living instability, and potential attachment challenges associated with out of home care, older foster youth represent a particularly vulnerable group of adolescents at increased risk for a number of poor well being outcomes. However, research supports the notion that a relationship with a competent, caring adult, such as a mentor, may serve protectively for vulnerable youth, and a nascent yet growing body of literature suggests that naturally occurring mentoring relationships from within youth's social networks are associated with improved outcomes among young people in foster care during adolescence and the transition to adulthood. This systematic review is the first to comprehensively identify, synthesize, and summarize what we currently know from nearly a decade of theories, concepts, and research findings pertaining to natural mentoring among adolescent youth in foster care. A bibliographic search of seven databases and personal outreach to mentoring researchers and practitioners through a national listserv yielded 38 English language documents from academic sources and the gray literature pertaining to natural mentoring among older foster youth. We identified quantitative studies that have been conducted to test the theories and hypotheses that have emerged from the qualitative studies of natural mentoring among youth in foster care. Together, this literature suggests that natural mentoring is a promising practice for youth in foster care. Based on our findings from the systematic review, we make practice recommendations to encourage the facilitation of natural mentoring within child welfare contexts and outline an agenda for future research that more rigorously investigates natural mentoring among older youth in foster care.
Mentoring in Schools: A Handbook of Good Practice

What mentoring is and isn't developing teaching skills observing your mentee how to focus observations giving feedback planning lessons collaborative teaching with your mentee developing a departmental approach to mentoring developing a whole school approach to mentoring form tutor mentoring appraisal using government standards standards for QTS (qualified teacher status) working with NQTs stimulating refelctive practice mentoring for your own professional development making the most of partnership making the most of a consortium.
Student teachers' and mentor teachers' perceptions and expectations of a mentoring relationship: do they match or clash?

This study examines similarities and differences between mentor teachers' and student teachers' perceptions of the components of a positive mentoring relationship and its impact on the identity formation of student teachers. In addition to the interview data, the participants were asked to use metaphors to describe the mentoring relationship. The findings indicated that there was no serious dispute between their ideas and both parties considered encouragement and support, an open line of communication and feedback as the most significant elements. They also used metaphorical images such as guiding, parenting and training, verifying the importance of support and nurturing in the mentoring relationship. However, a difference was identified in participants' attitudes of the impact of the mentoring relationship on student teachers' identity formation. Based on the findings it is suggested that mentor teachers consider the significance of the mentoring relationship on development of student teachers' identity.
Bad Medicine: Parents, the State, and the Charge of 'Medical Child Abuse'

Doctors and hospitals have begun to level a new charge "medical child abuse" (MCA) against parents who, they say, get unnecessary medical treatment for their kids. The fact that this treatment has been ordered by other doctors does not protect parents from these accusations. Child protection officials have generally supported the accusing doctors in these charges, threatening parents with loss of custody, removing children from their homes, and even sometimes charging parents criminally for this asserted overtreatment. Judges, too, have largely treated such charges as credible claims of child abuse. Despite the rising number of parents faced with these charges, this phenomenon has received no critical attention whatsoever in legal literature. This law review article is the first to explain why, as a legal matter, medical child abuse charges are deeply and fundamentally flawed. It is certainly true that the (likely few) twisted parents who intentionally use the medical system to hurt their children have committed child abuse. Yet the broad definition of MCA developed by doctors captures within its diagnostic net many loving parents making the best decisions they can for their genuinely sick children. This article demonstrates that the broad definition of MCA developed by physicians and adopted within the child protection system violates the constitutional rights of parents to make medical decisions for their children. Meanwhile, the framing of MCA as a medical "diagnosis" turns what should be a legal decision regarding child abuse into a medical determination, in the process omitting important legal requirements. Finally, the loose diagnostic standards constructed to "diagnose" MCA rest on both flawed science and flawed medical standards. In short, the MCA theory developed by physicians and enforced by child protection officials is bad constitutional doctrine, bad law, bad science, and bad medicine. Any of these flaws in itself should be sufficient to bar the presentation of the theory of MCA in the courtroom. The presence of all these flaws leaves this conclusion beyond doubt.
Making the connection between child abuse and cancer: Definitional, methodological, and theoretical issues

Research has begun to explore the relationship between cancer and child abuse. Thus far, work has shown that child abuse is associated with higher odds of cancer in adulthood. Unfortunately, the current research is plagued by three interrelated issues: (1) there is no agreement as to what actions constitute abuse and how abuse types (i.e. physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) are distinct or interrelated; (2) analytic strategies limit the types of conclusions that can be drawn because of how they treat or measure abuse and related concepts; and (3) few theories exist to explain the connection between abuse and cancer. Each of these issues and their implications is described. Then an integrated theoretical framework that attempts to address current shortcomings is proposed. Going forward, abuse research should carefully consider the measures and mechanisms linking abuse to disease in order to test meaningful hypotheses and advance our theoretical understanding of these connections.
Recognizing Emotions from Abstract Paintings Using Non Linear Matrix Completion
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Advanced computer vision and machine learning techniques tried to automatically categorize the emotions elicited by abstract paintings with limited success. Since the annotation of the emotional content is highly resourceconsuming, datasets of abstract paintings are either constrained in size or partially annotated. Consequently, it is natural to address the targeted task within a transductive framework. Intuitively, the use of multi label classification techniques is desirable so to synergically exploit the relations between multiple latent variables, such as emotional content, technique, author, etc. A very popular approach for transductive multi label recognition under linear classification settings is matrix completion. In this study we introduce non linear matrix completion (NLMC) thus extending classical linear matrix completion techniques to the non linear case. Together with the theory grounding the model, we propose an efficient optimization solver. As shown by our extensive experimental validation on two publicly available datasets, NLMC outperforms state of the art methods when recognizing emotions from abstract paintings.
Visible and infrared imaging spectroscopy of paintings and improved reflectography
Venue: Heritage Science

BackgroundImaging spectroscopy, the collection of spatially co registered images in many contiguous spectral bands, has been developed for remote sensing of the Earth utilizing reflectance or luminescence. In this paper we summarize findings on the application of imaging spectroscopy to works of art in order to identify and map artists' pigments, improve the visualization of preparatory sketches, and identify non original material.MethodsTwo types of novel hyperspectral cameras, one operating from the visible to near infrared (VNIR, 400 900 nm) and the other in the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 950 1700 nm) have been used to collect diffuse reflectance spectral image cubes from a variety of paintings. The resulting cubes (400 1700 nm, 310 spectral bands) were calibrated to reflectance and the resulting spectra compared with point based spectra collected with a fiber reflectance spectrometer (350 2500 nm) In addition, a calibrated multispectral camera (600 950 nm, eight spectral bands) was used to obtain luminescence spectral image cubes after exciting paintings at blue wavelengths.ResultsFalse color images obtained from the SWIR imaging system are shown to give improved visualization of changes from paintings having large and complex reworkings, e.g. Pablo Picasso's The Tragedy (1903) False color images and reflectance spectra allowed definitive identification of restoration in a late 13th century Sienese painting that cannot be seen by traditional infrared reflectography. Spectral image processing on the reflectance image cubes have been used to identify the primary pigments or pigment mixtures. For example, the primary pigments and their distribution in Picasso's Peonies (1901) was determined and compared with x ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive x ray spectroscopy (SEM EDS).ConclusionThe results show that the combination of both the SWIR reflectance data and the luminescence data provides a more robust ability to assign the pigments than with visible spectroscopy alone. Also highlighted is the utility of reflectance imaging spectroscopy in the SWIR region to better reveal specific paint changes, including changes in the drawings and markings made by the original artist, or changes made by a subsequent conservator such as a fill.