nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi Agent Path Finding with Kinematic Constraints
Venue: ICAPS

Multi Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is well studied in both AI and robotics. Given a discretized environment and agents with assigned start and goal locations, MAPF solvers from AI find collision free paths for hundreds of agents with user provided sub optimality guarantees. However, they ignore that actual robots are subject to kinematic constraints (such as finite maximum velocity limits) and suffer from imperfect plan execution capabilities. We therefore introduce MAPF POST, a novel approach that makes use of a simple temporal network to postprocess the output of a MAPF solver in polynomial time to create a plan execution schedule that can be executed on robots. This schedule works on non holonomic robots, takes their maximum translational and rotational velocities into account, provides a guaranteed safety distance between them, and exploits slack to absorb imperfect plan executions and avoid time intensive replanning in many cases. We evaluate MAPF POST in simulation and on differential drive robots, showcasing the practicality of our approach.
Optimal Target Assignment and Path Finding for Teams of Agents
Venue: AAMAS

We study the TAPF (combined target assignment and path finding) problem for teams of agents in known terrain, which generalizes both the anonymous and non anonymous multi agent path finding problems. Each of the teams is given the same number of targets as there are agents in the team. Each agent has to move to exactly one target given to its team such that all targets are visited. The TAPF problem is to first assign agents to targets and then plan collision free paths for the agents to their targets in a way such that the makespan is minimized. We present the CBM (Conflict Based Min Cost Flow) algorithm, a hierarchical algorithm that solves TAPF instances optimally by combining ideas from anonymous and non anonymous multi agent path finding algorithms. On the low level, CBM uses a min cost max flow algorithm on a time expanded network to assign all agents in a single team to targets and plan their paths. On the high level, CBM uses conflict based search to resolve collisions among agents in different teams. Theoretically, we prove that CBM is correct, complete and optimal. Experimentally, we show the scalability of CBM to TAPF instances with dozens of teams and hundreds of agents and adapt it to a simulated warehouse system.
Psychosocial correlates of organized physical activity in Portuguese urban youth

This study aimed to explore the association between psychosocial factors and organized physical activity (PA) in urban children and adolescents. Data on organized PA, psychosocial variables, and demographic characteristics were collected via questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between psychosocial correlates and organized PA. Analyses were run separately for different age groups. Results showed that children and adolescents with a greater positive attitude toward PA were more likely to be involved in organized PA. Ego orientation was associated with organized PA at the age of 13 15 years. Task orientation was related to PA participation at the age of 13 15 and 16 18 years. Perception of competence was related to participation at the age of 10 12 and 13 15 years. These findings suggest that interventions to increase the level of participation in organized PA in youth should focus on increasing students' perceived physical competence, attitude toward PA, and establishing a strong motivational task/mastery climate.
Reversal Surgery in Regretful Male to Female Transsexuals After Sex Reassignment Surgery.
Venue: The journal of sexual medicine

Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) has proved an effective intervention for patients with gender identity disorder. However, misdiagnosed patients sometimes regret their decision and request reversal surgery. This review is based on our experience with seven patients who regretted their decision to undergo male to female SRS.  To analyze retrospectively seven patients who underwent reversal surgery after regretting their decision to undergo male to female SRS elsewhere.  From November 2010 through November 2014, seven men 33 to 53 years old with previous male to female SRS underwent reversal phalloplasty. Preoperatively, they were examined by three independent psychiatrists. Surgery included three steps: removal of female genitalia with scrotoplasty and urethral lengthening, total phalloplasty with microvascular transfer of a musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap, and neophallus urethroplasty with penile prosthesis implantation.  Self reported esthetic and psychosexual status after reversion surgery and International Index of Erectile Function scores for sexual health after phalloplasty and penile prosthesis implantation.  Follow up was 13 to 61 months (mean 31 months) Good postoperative results were achieved in all patients. In four patients, all surgical steps were completed; two patients are currently waiting for penile implants; and one patient decided against the penile prosthesis. Complications were related to urethral lengthening: two fistulas and one stricture were observed. All complications were repaired by minor revision. According to patients' self reports, all patients were pleased with the esthetic appearance of their genitalia and with their significantly improved psychological status.  Reversal surgery in regretful male to female transsexuals after SRS represents a complex, multistage procedure with satisfactory outcomes. Further insight into the characteristics of persons who regret their decision postoperatively would facilitate better future selection of applicants eligible for SRS.
On the regretful death of Professor/Dr. Shi Ying Kang.
Venue: Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery

Former Director of West China (Huaxi) Hospital, Vice President of the Chinese Medical Association, State Council Leading Group for Medical Reform expert advisory committee member, Professor Dr. Shi Ying Kang passed away in the afternoon of 11 th May 2016. It was reported that Dr. Shi was so disheartened that he jumped down from the twentieth floor of a building. The death of Dr. Shi shocked medical societies in China. People feel sorrowful and mourn his death. As a medical worker in China, I also feel very sad upon this regretful news. Maybe it will offend many people; still hereby I like to express the views which have been held deep in my heart. I hope this article will benefit the health care reform in China.
A multi ATL method for transfer learning across multiple domains with arbitrarily different distribution
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.

This paper addresses a novel learning problem where data from multiple domains are generated from distributions that are allowed to be arbitrarily different. Domain adaptation and transfer learning have been addressed previously for two domains with different distributions, but based on the assumption that the distributions are sufficiently related to each other. However, in many real world applications, multiple domains may have arbitrarily different distributions. In this paper, a general framework is proposed, called Multi ATL, for bridging knowledge from multiple domains with arbitrarily different distributions. The proposed framework consists of three key components: latent feature space extraction, co training with multiple views, and active sample selection. The basic concept is to explore each domain and characterize it with an extracted latent feature space, and then apply a co training algorithm to the latent spaces to use multiple views simultaneously for training. In the co training process, active sample selection is used to determine how much knowledge should be transferred from a source domain to the target domain. Experimental results on one synthetic and two real world datasets show that the proposed framework significantly improves classification accuracy (13.5% on the synthetic and +17.79% +23.87% on the real datasets) with only a few (2 5) active selections.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Behavioral Activation Apps for Depression
Venue: PloS one

Depression is a common mental health condition for which many mobile apps aim to provide support. This review aims to identify self help apps available exclusively for people with depression and evaluate those that offer cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or behavioural activation (BA) One hundred and seventeen apps have been identified after searching both the scientific literature and the commercial market. 10.26% (n 12) of these apps identified through our search offer support that seems to be consistent with evidence based principles of CBT or BA. Taking into account the non existence of effectiveness/efficacy studies, and the low level of adherence to the core ingredients of the CBT/BA models, the utility of these CBT/BA apps are questionable. The usability of reviewed apps is highly variable and they rarely are accompanied by explicit privacy or safety policies. Despite the growing public demand, there is a concerning lack of appropiate CBT or BA apps, especially from a clinical and legal point of view. The application of superior scientific, technological, and legal knowledge is needed to improve the development, testing, and accessibility of apps for people with depression.
World development report 2016: Digital dividends

Digital technologies have spread rapidly in much of the world. Digital dividends that is, the broader development benefits from using these technologies have lagged behind. In many instances, digital technologies have boosted growth, expanded opportunities, and improved service delivery. Yet their aggregate impact has fallen short and is unevenly distributed. For digital technologies to benefit everyone everywhere requires closing the remaining digital divide, especially in internet access. But greater digital adoption will not be enough. To get the most out of the digital revolution, countries also need to work on the "analog complements" by strengthening regulations that ensure competition among businesses, by adapting workers' skills to the demands of the new economy, and by ensuring that institutions are accountable. Digital technologies the internet, mobile phones, and all the other tools to collect, store, analyze, and share information digitally have spread quickly. More households in developing countries own a mobile phone than have access to electricity or clean water, and nearly 70 percent of the bottom fifth of the population in developing countries own a mobile phone. The number of internet users has more than tripled in a decade from 1 billion in 2005 to an estimated 3.2 billion at the end of 2015. This means that businesses, people, and governments are more connected than ever before. The digital revolution has brought immediate private benefi ts easier communication and information, greater convenience, free digital products, and new forms of leisure. It has also created a profound sense of social connectedness and global community. But have massive investments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) generated faster growth, more jobs, and better services? Indeed, are countries reaping sizable digital dividends?
Going Further with Point Pair Features
Venue: ECCV

Point Pair Features is a widely used method to detect 3D objects in point clouds, however they are prone to fail in presence of sensor noise and background clutter. We introduce novel sampling and voting schemes that significantly reduces the influence of clutter and sensor noise. Our experiments show that with our improvements, PPFs become competitive against state of the art methods as it outperforms them on several objects from challenging benchmarks, at a low computational cost.
Comparison of environmental sustainability of pharmaceutical packaging

Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly imparting a lot of importance on becoming more sustainable by developing medicines that are having same medicinal value but with reduced environmental impact. Type of packaging of tablets affects the emission generated during packaging of medicines. Selection of an appropriate packaging of medicine also influences the emission added to the environment. This paper aims at the comparison of environmental impacts of two different types of packaging of tablets viz. PVC blister and aluminium blister packaging. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is used for this comparison. The study includes stages from Cradle to Gate that is, extraction till the packaging processes focused mainly on manufacturing. The functional unit is taken as material required for packing 1 lakh (100,000) 500 mg of paracetamol tablets. Primary data is provided by a pharmaceutical formulation industry and secondary data is obtained from a commercial LCA database available in GaBi and from literature. LCA software GaBi 7.0 is used to carry out the life cycle assessment of both kinds of packaging. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method, CML 2001, is used in this study. The study indicates that the PVC blister packaging performs better compared to the aluminium blister packaging in most of the impact categories considered. It is observed that the process of manufacturing of aluminium foils is a significant contributor to the overall environmental impact of aluminium blister packaging.
Cyber threats to health information systems: A systematic review.
Venue: Technology and health care official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine

Recent legislation empowering providers to embrace the electronic exchange of health information leaves the healthcare industry increasingly vulnerable to cybercrime. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the biggest threats to healthcare via cybercrime.  The rationale behind this systematic review is to provide a framework for future research by identifying themes and trends of cybercrime in the healthcare industry.  The authors conducted a systematic search through the CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases to gather literature relative to cyber threats in healthcare. All authors reviewed the articles collected and excluded literature that did not focus on the objective.  Researchers selected and examined 19 articles for common themes. The most prevalent cyber criminal activity in healthcare is identity theft through data breach. Other concepts identified are internal threats, external threats, cyber squatting, and cyberterrorism.  The industry has now come to rely heavily on digital technologies, which increase risks such as denial of service and data breaches. Current healthcare cyber security systems do not rival the capabilities of cyber criminals. Security of information is a costly resource and therefore many HCOs may hesitate to invest what is required to protect sensitive information.
Detection and prediction of insider threats to cyber security: a systematic literature review and meta analysis

Cyber security is vital to the success of today's digital economy. The major security threats are coming from within, as opposed to outside forces. Insider threat detection and prediction are important mitigation techniques. This study addresses the following research questions: 1) what are the research trends in insider threat detection and prediction nowadays? 2) What are the challenges associated with insider threat detection and prediction? 3) What are the best to date insider threat detection and prediction algorithms? We conduct a systematic review of 37 articles published in peer reviewed journals, conference proceedings and edited books for the period of 1950 2015 to address the first two questions. Our survey suggests that game theoretic approach (GTA) is a popular source of insider threat data; the insiders' online activities are the most widely used features in insider threat detection and prediction; most of the papers use single point estimates of threat likelihood; and graph algorithms are the most widely used tools for detecting and predicting insider threats. The key challenges facing the insider threat detection and prediction system include unbounded patterns, uneven time lags between activities, data nonstationarity, individuality, collusion attacks, high false alarm rates, class imbalance problem, undetected insider attacks, uncertainty, and the large number of free parameters in the model. To identify the best to date insider threat detection and prediction algorithms, our meta analysis study excludes theoretical papers proposing conceptual algorithms from the 37 selected papers resulting in the selection of 13 papers. We rank the insider threat detection and prediction algorithms presented in the 13 selected papers based on the theoretical merits and the transparency of information. To determine the significance of rank sums, we perform "the Friedman two way analysis of variance by ranks" test and "multiple comparisons between groups or conditions" tests.
Electricity generation and struvite recovery from human urine using microbial fuel cells

Urine is an abundant waste product which requires energy intensive treatment processes in modern wastewater treatment plants. However urine can be utilised as fertiliser in the form of struvite. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a promising technology for treating waste while producing electricity. Combining these two approaches, a 3 stage MFC/struvite extraction process system was developed and its feasibility tested in order to maximise urine utilisation in terms of electricity generation and struvite recovery.  In the first stage, while generating electrical energy, MFCs accelerated urea hydrolysis, which was beneficial for the struvite precipitation process in the following stage. After collecting struvite by adding magnesium into the initial effluent, the supernatant was used at the final stage for additional power and more efficient COD reduction. In total, 82% of PO43 P and 20% of COD of undiluted human urine were removed by the 3 stage system. Also 14.32 W m 3 (absolute power: 358 uW) and 11.76 W m 3 (absolute power: 294 uW) of power was produced from the 1st and 3rd stages of the system, respectively, during operation.  This work shows how MFCs and struvite precipitation could be integrated for both energy generation and resource recovery from urine, leading to a more sustainable energy future.
Child Sexual Abuse in Fiji: Authority, Risk Factors and Responses

While child sexual abuse is a problem worldwide, the risk factors for the perpetration of child sexual abuse within Fiji are unique in their relation to the traditional and communal nature of Fijian society. In this article, culturally relevant dynamic risk factors found within contemporary Fijian society are identified and understood alongside static factors contributing to abuse. Although there have been recent changes to sexual offence legislation and traditional criminal justice system responses to victims of sexual abuse, state sanctioned responses continue to maintain victimising practices. Equally, the relative rural isolation means many Indigenous Fijian (iTaukei) communities continue to use customary restorative justice practices that may marginalise the rehabilitation of victims and offenders for the communities' benefit. However, a culturally specific amalgamation of traditional criminal justice and customary restorative responses may help to create more holistic protection for survivors of child sexual abuse in Fiji.
Villages, Violence and Atonement in Fiji

Over the last 10 years or so, Violence Against Women (VAW) and gender violence more generally have been conceptualised as major obstacles to development insofar as they increase healthcare costs and reduce  The types of violence these terms most commonly refer to are domestic violence between spouses and other intimate partners, rape, sexual assault and child sexual abuse in which men are overwhelmingly the perpetrators and women and girls are overwhelmingly the victims and/or survivors.
Surveillance and sexually transmitted infections: a story of chemsex, tropical leg ulcers, gonococcal resistance and child abuse.
Venue: Current opinion in infectious diseases

DOI:10.1097/QCO.0000000000000231 Surveillance and its importance is a central theme in this edition of Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, as is the role of nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) methodology in sexually transmitted infection (STI) surveillance, control and management. New diagnostic testing methods and surveillance come together in an article by Lewis and Mitja (pp. 52 57) on the remarkable data from the past 18 months regarding Haemophilus ducreyi, a significant cause of sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease chancroid in the past. Lewis and Mitja describe how just over 25 years ago a single case report identified H. ducreyi, a STI, in a leg ulcer in a young man returning from Fiji [1] but that it is only in the last 2 years that the results of five community surveys have been presented and dramatically shown that this organism is an important previously unrecognized cause of chronic leg ulcers in the Pacific region and in Africa. At a time when genital infections with H. ducreyi have almost disappeared because of syndromic management and behavioural change, it is fascinating that this pathogen should reemerge as a global health problem. It is the development of new testing methodology in the form of nucleic acid amplification tests that has allowed identification of the organism in leg ulcers and thus its role to be determined, as it is fastidious to grow in culture. NAATs have also shown that although it is very closely linked to the genital type H. ducreyi I, it is actually a different strain  although divergence only occurred relatively recently approximately 1.93 million years ago  The article by Lewis and Mitja also describes how these data, showing many leg ulcers previously thought due to Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue are due to H. ducreyi, throw into doubt the whole Yaws eradication programme which uses community reporting of leg ulcers as a surveillance method to determine its effectiveness. Surveillance of risk behaviour is a key part of STI control and the recent changes in nonprescription illicit drug use and their effects is an area identified by Melendez Torres and Bourne (pp. 58 63) as an
How to Prove Knowledge of Small Secrets
Venue: CRYPTO

We propose a new zero knowledge protocol applicable to additively homomorphic functions that map integer vectors to an Abelian group. The protocol demonstrates knowledge of a short preimage and achieves amortised efficiency comparable to the approach of Cramer and Damgard from Crypto 2010, but gives a much tighter bound on what we can extract from a dishonest prover. Towards achieving this result, we develop an analysis for bins and balls games that might be of independent interest. We also provide a general analysis of rewinding of a cut and choose protocol as well as a method to use Lyubachevsky's rejection sampling technique efficiently in an interactive protocol when many proofs are given simultaneously. Our new protocol yields improved proofs of plaintext knowledge for Ring LWE based cryptosystems, where such general techniques were not known before. Moreover, they can be extended to prove preimages of homomorphic hash functions as well.