nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Microvascular Density in Glaucomatous Eyes With Hemifield Visual Field Defects: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.
Venue: American journal of ophthalmology

To investigate microcirculation of peripapillary retina and optic disc in eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and hemifield visual field (VF) defects.  Prospective observational case series with normal comparison group.  Sixty eyes with POAG (41 with superior and 19 with inferior hemifield VF defects) and 21 normal eyes were included in this study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography was used to acquire 3 x 3 mm optic disc cubes, and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was also measured using OCT. Vessel densities in the peripapillary superficial retina and whole signal mode optic disc were individually analyzed based on the sectorial division.  The peripapillary vessel densities were significantly reduced at the corresponding location of the VF defects in both non highly myopic (P .001, P .006) and highly myopic glaucomatous eyes (P .001, P .005) compared with the normal eyes. Vessel densities of the optic discs were significantly reduced at locations corresponding to the VF defects in eyes without high myopia but with inferior hemifield VF defects (P .006) but not in the other eyes. The vessel densities in the peripapillary retina were significantly associated with visual field total deviation values at their corresponding sides. The choroidal microvascular reduction in the peripapillary area extended to the a peripapillary atrophy (PPA) as well as b PPA zones.  Microvascular reduction was associated with VF defects in a region specific manner: significantly and partially in the peripapillary retina and optic disc, respectively.
Incorporation of Nitrogen Defects for Efficient Reduction of CO2 via Two Electron Pathway on Three Dimensional Graphene Foam.
Venue: Nano letters

The practical recycling of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the electrochemical reduction route requires an active, stable, and affordable catalyst system. Although noble metals such as gold and silver have been demonstrated to reduce CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO) efficiently, they suffer from poor durability and scarcity. Here we report three dimensional (3D) graphene foam incorporated with nitrogen defects as a metal free catalyst for CO2 reduction. The nitrogen doped 3D graphene foam requires negligible onset overpotential 0.19 V) for CO formation, and it exhibits superior activity over Au and Ag, achieving similar maximum Faradaic efficiency for CO production ~85% at a lower overpotential 0.47 V) and better stability for at least 5 h. The dependence of catalytic activity on N defect structures is unraveled by systematic experimental investigations. Indeed, the density functional theory calculations confirm pyridinic N as the most active site for CO2 reduction, consistent with experimental results.
Optimization of the selection process of the co substrates for chicken manure fermentation using neural modeling

Intense development of research equipment leads directly to increasing cognitive abilities. However, along with the raising amount of data generated, the development of the techniques allowing the analysis is also essential. Currently, one of the most dynamically developing branch of computer science and mathematics are the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Their main advantage is very high ability to solve the regression and approximation issues. This paper presents the possibility of application of artificial intelligence methods to optimize the selection of co substrates intended for methane fermentation of chicken manure. 4 layer MLP network has proven to be the optimal structure modeling the obtained empirical data.
Deep Compositional Captioning: Describing Novel Object Categories without Paired Training Data
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

While recent deep neural network models have achieved promising results on the image captioning task, they rely largely on the availability of corpora with paired image and sentence captions to describe objects in context. In this work, we propose the Deep Compositional Captioner (DCC) to address the task of generating descriptions of novel objects which are not present in paired imagesentence datasets. Our method achieves this by leveraging large object recognition datasets and external text corpora and by transferring knowledge between semantically similar concepts. Current deep caption models can only describe objects contained in paired image sentence corpora, despite the fact that they are pre trained with large object recognition datasets, namely ImageNet. In contrast, our model can compose sentences that describe novel objects and their interactions with other objects. We demonstrate our model's ability to describe novel concepts by empirically evaluating its performance on MSCOCO and show qualitative results on ImageNet images of objects for which no paired image sentence data exist. Further, we extend our approach to generate descriptions of objects in video clips. Our results show that DCC has distinct advantages over existing image and video captioning approaches for generating descriptions of new objects in context.
Playing dirty or building capability? Corruption and HR training as competitive actions to threats from informal and foreign firm rivals

We examine why a firm takes specific competitive action in nonmarket and resource market spaces, particularly when it perceives threats from informal and foreign competitor groups, respectively. We address this question by combining insights from competitive rivalry, strategic groups, and nonmarket strategy literatures in an emerging economy context. Specifically, we theorize how threats from informal and foreign rival firms in an emerging market influence a firm's engagement in corruption activities and its investments in HR training, respectively. We also argue that the likelihoods of such focal firm actions against competitor group threats differ, contingent on the focal firm's market and resource profiles. Results from the empirical analyses, with survey data from the Indian IT industry, provide broad support to our hypotheses.  Based on a World Bank dataset on the Indian IT industry, this study finds that corruption and HR training are pursued by firms in emerging economies as mindful strategies against specific types of rivals informal and foreign firm rivals, respectively, and are not pursued simply as culturally based practices. Multinational companies may need to understand that domestic firms in emerging countries will engage in corruption strategically to reduce their costs and time to market of their products/services. Therefore, multinational firms may need to devise suitable strategies other than corruption to reduce their costs and time to market if they wish to compete with firms in emerging economies for customers who don't care about ethical issues and will buy a cheaper product/service that is delivered quickly.
Self representation based dual graph regularized feature selection clustering
Venue: Neurocomputing

Feature selection algorithms eliminate irrelevant and redundant features, even the noise, while preserving the most representative features. They can reduce the dimension of the dataset, extract essential features in high dimensional data and improve learning quality. Existing feature selection algorithms are all carried out in data space. However, the information of feature space cannot be fully exploited. To compensate for this drawback, this paper proposes a novel feature selection algorithm for clustering, named self representation based dual graph regularized feature selection clustering (DFSC) It adopts the self representation property that data can be represented by itself. Meanwhile, the local geometrical information of both data space and feature space are preserved simultaneously. By imposing the l2,1 norm constraint on the self representation coefficients matrix in data space, DFSC can effectively select the most representative features for clustering. We give the objective function, develop iterative updating rules and provide the convergence proof. Two kinds of extensive experiments on some datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of DFSC. Extensive comparisons over several state of the art feature selection algorithms illustrate that additionally considering the information of feature space based on self representation property improves clustering quality. Meanwhile, because the additional feature selection process can select the most important features to preserve the intrinsic structure of dataset, the proposed algorithm achieves better clustering results compared with some co clustering algorithms.
SYRIZA's Electoral Rise in Greece: Protest, Trust and the Art of Political Manipulation

Between 2010 and 2015, a period of significant political change in Greece, the Coalition of the Radical Left (SYRIZA) a minor party, achieved and consolidated major party status. This article explores the role of political strategy in SYRIZA's electoral success. It argues that, contrary to accepted wisdom, targeting a 'niche' constituency or protesting against the establishment will not suffice for a minor party to make an electoral breakthrough. SYRIZA's case demonstrates that unless a minor party is ready to claim that it is willing and able to take on government responsibility, electoral advancement will not be forthcoming. The success of SYRIZA's strategy can be attributed to favourable electoral demand factors and apt heresthetic manipulation of issue dimensions.
Target geometry and rigidity determines laser induced cavitation bubble transport and nanoparticle productivity a high speed videography study.
Venue: Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP

Laser induced cavitation has mostly been studied in bulk liquid or at a two dimensional wall, although target shapes for the particle synthesis may strongly affect bubble dynamics and interfere with particle productivity. We investigated the dynamics of the cavitation bubble induced by pulsed laser ablation in liquid for different target geometries with high speed laser microsecond videography and focus on the collapse behaviour. This method enables us observations in a high time resolution (intervals of 1 ms) and single pulse experiments. Further, we analyzed the nanoparticle productivity, the sizes of the synthesized nanoparticles and the evolution of the bubble volume for each different target shape and geometry. For the ablation of metal (Ag, Cu, Ni) wire tips a springboard like behaviour after the first collapse is observed which can be correlated with vertical projectile motion. Its turbulent friction in the liquid causes a very efficient transport and movement of the bubble and ablated material into the bulk liquid and prevents particle redeposition. This effect is influenced by the degree of freedom of the wire as well as the material properties and dimensions, especially the Young's modulus. The most efficient and largest bubble movement away from the wire was observed for a thin (500 mm) silver wire with velocities up to 19.8 m s( 1) and for materials with a small Young's modulus and flexural rigidity. We suggest that these observations may contribute to upscaling strategies and increase of particle yield towards large synthesis of colloids based on targets that may continuously be fed.
The 'hidden injuries' of school desegregation: Cultural trauma and transforming African American identities

The 1954 Supreme Court ruling against the applicability of the 'separate but equal' doctrine in the public school system in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka augured the dawning of the Civil Rights Movement in twentieth century America. This decision sparked a major transformation in the nation's educational system school desegregation a process that in some cases took decades to come to fruition. Much has been written about the social and economic outcomes that have resulted from this landmark decision, but research on the psychosocial consequences of school desegregation on the generation of African Americans who experienced this process is sparse. Employing a cultural trauma theoretical framework, this study takes up the latter issue by analyzing the ways in which the dislocation of the 'colored school' system affected the social structures of the African American community and the collective identity of the children of integration. I analyzes this phenomenon in a local context by using oral history interview data collected on a cohort of African Americans who matriculated through the 'colored school' system in Harlan County, Kentucky. The school systems in these communities desegregated between 1960 and 1963, and share similar cultural, regional and political contexts. The primary questions guiding this research are (i) How did this generation of African Americans understand their racialized subjectivity prior to school desegregation? (ii) What was the localized experience with school desegregation for this cohort of African Americans? and (iii) What impact did school desegregation have on the collective identity of the children who experienced integration?
Estimation of Energy Balance Components over a Drip Irrigated Olive Orchard Using Thermal and Multispectral Cameras Placed on a Helicopter Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Venue: Remote. Sens.

A field experiment was carried out to implement a remote sensing energy balance (RSEB) algorithm for estimating the incoming solar radiation (Rsi) net radiation (Rn) sensible heat flux (H) soil heat flux (G) and latent heat flux (LE) over a drip irrigated olive (cv. Arbequina) orchard located in the Pencahue Valley, Maule Region, Chile (35deg25'S; 71deg44'W; 90 m above sea level) For this study, a helicopter based unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was equipped with multispectral and infrared thermal cameras to obtain simultaneously the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and surface temperature (Tsurface) at very high resolution (6 cm x 6 cm) Meteorological variables and surface energy balance components were measured at the time of the UAV overpass (near solar noon) The performance of the RSEB algorithm was evaluated using measurements of H and LE obtained from an eddy correlation system. In addition, estimated values of Rsi and Rn were compared with ground truth measurements from a four way net radiometer while those of G were compared with soil heat flux based on flux plates. Results indicated that RSEB algorithm estimated LE and H with errors of 7% and 5% respectively. Values of the root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) for LE were 50 and 43 W m 2 while those for H were 56 and 46 W m 2, respectively. Finally, the RSEB algorithm computed Rsi, Rn and G with error less than 5% and with values of RMSE and MAE less than 38 W m 2. Results demonstrated that multispectral and thermal cameras placed on an UAV could provide an excellent tool to evaluate the intra orchard spatial variability of Rn, G, H, LE, NDVI and Tsurface over the tree canopy and soil surface between rows.
LWIR passive perception system for stealthy unmanned ground vehicle night operations
Venue: SPIE Defense Security

Resupplying forward deployed units in rugged terrain in the presence of hostile forces creates a high threat to manned air and ground vehicles. An autonomous unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) capable of navigating stealthily at night in off road and on road terrain could significantly increase the safety and success rate of such resupply missions for warfighters. Passive night time perception of terrain and obstacle features is a vital requirement for such missions. As part of the ONR 30 Autonomy Team, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a passive, low cost night time perception system under the ONR Expeditionary Maneuver Warfare and Combating Terrorism Applied Research program. Using a stereo pair of forward looking LWIR uncooled microbolometer cameras, the perception system generates disparity maps using a local window based stereo correlator to achieve real time performance while maintaining low power consumption. To overcome the lower signal to noise ratio and spatial resolution of LWIR thermal imaging technologies, a series of pre filters were applied to the input images to increase the image contrast and stereo correlator enhancements were applied to increase the disparity density. To overcome false positives generated by mixed pixels, noisy disparities from repeated textures, and uncertainty in far range measurements, a series of consistency, multi resolution, and temporal based post filters were employed to improve the fidelity of the output range measurements. The stereo processing leverages multi core processors and runs under the Robot Operating System (ROS) The night time passive perception system was tested and evaluated on fully autonomous testbed ground vehicles at SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) and Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. This paper describes the challenges, techniques, and experimental results of developing a passive, low cost perception system for night time autonomous navigation.
Motivacao metaforica nos phrasal verbs: uma concepcao semantico cognitiva

Este artigo tem como proposito mostrar alguns passos que podem conduzir a identificacao das metaforas conceptuais que motivam os sentidos das particulas up e down, elementos constituintes de phrasal verbs, bem como averiguar os mapeamentos metaforicos que motivam essas metaforas, partindo da verificacao de quais sao os sentidos dessas particulas que expressam os esquemas imageticos propostos por Rudzka Ostyn (2003) Este estudo adota como pilar a Teoria da Metafora Conceptual preconizada por Lakoff e Johnson (1980) uma abordagem semantico cognitiva, a fim de que se possa refletir sobre a semantica das construcoes verbo particula, cujos significados, na sua maioria, sao estendidos metaforicamente. A Linguistica de Corpus e utilizada como um recurso metodologico, o que possibilita a realizacao da coleta de dados autenticos para serem analisados. Pela analise averigua se que as particulas up e down sao utilizadas tanto com sentido prototipico quanto com sentido metaforico, porem, o uso metaforico,tambem chamado de estendido, prevalece.
Pinning Down the Phenomenon of Idiomatic Phrasal Verbs in Arabic

This article investigates a vital phenomenon in the Arabic language, that is, idiomatic verb preposition combination. It aims to explore the syntactic properties of this phenomenon and account for its underlying semantic subtleties. It also aims to establish a parameter for pinpointing the phenomenon, and underscore the key factors that control the syntactic and semantic relationships between the main two constituents of it. The study is based on an examination of a number of illustrative actual contexts of Arabic usage. It takes into consideration the view of both classical and modern linguists, and utilises realistic examples taken from classical and modern literature: the Qur'an, poetry, novels and press articles. It is hoped that this study may provide some practical insights not only for Arabists and constructivists, but also for pedagogues in the field of teaching Arabic for nonnative speakers and for translators from and/or into Arabic.No claim is made here for comprehensiveness.
Current developments in cancer care: including the patients' perspective 3rd European Roundtable Meeting (ERTM) June 17, 2016, Berlin, Germany
Venue: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology

PurposeNational Cancer Control Plans (NCCP) are necessary to improve cancer care and reduce mortality. We have reported previously on European institutional health structures and transformation of theoretical health care standards into a practical approach. For the latter consideration of the patients' perspective was considered as highly important and chosen as subject for this meeting.ResultsSeveral European organizations have realized deficits in this area. They promote equal and timely access to cancer care since current inequities lead to disparities in cancer survival across Europe. Patients' support working groups are focussing on employment issues, financial services, psychosocial screening and support, palliative care and rehabilitation. They also identified cancer research including patients' views as highly important. Workshops during the 3rd European Roundtable Meeting (ERTM) covered the issues transparency in patient care, implementation of new knowledge and decision making in partnership with the patient.ConclusionsIt was concluded that patient views and perspectives have to be considered during the whole continuum of cancer care. Access to treatment, transparency and including patients into the development process are relevant aspects.
Oxytocin Enhances Social Recognition by Modulating Cortical Control of Early Olfactory Processing
Venue: Neuron

Oxytocin promotes social interactions and recognition of conspecifics that rely on olfaction in most species. The circuit mechanisms through which oxytocin modifies olfactory processing are incompletely understood. Here, we observed that optogenetically induced oxytocin release enhanced olfactory exploration and same sex recognition of adult rats. Consistent with oxytocin's function in the anterior olfactory cortex, particularly in social cue processing, region selective receptor deletion impaired social recognition but left odor discrimination and recognition intact outside a social context. Oxytocin transiently increased the drive of the anterior olfactory cortex projecting to olfactory bulb interneurons. Cortical top down recruitment of interneurons dynamically enhanced the inhibitory input to olfactory bulb projection neurons and increased the signal to noise of their output. In summary, oxytocin generates states for optimized information extraction in an early cortical top down network that is required for social interactions with potential implications for sensory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorders.
SERS of meso droplets supported on superhydrophobic wires allows exquisitely sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid, an anthrax biomarker, considerably below the infective dose.
Venue: Chemical communications

Surface enhanced Raman measurements of <1 mL analyte/colloid meso droplets on superhydrophobic wires with hydrophilic tips allowed dipicolinic acid, a spore biomarker for Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) to be detected at 10( 6) mol dm( 3) This is equivalent to 18 spores, significantly below the infective dose of 10(4) spores and 2 orders of magnitude better than previous measurements.