nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a High Density of Stacking Faults on the Young's Modulus of GaAs Nanowires.
Venue: Nano letters

Stacking faults (SFs) are commonly observed crystalline defects in III V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) that affect a variety of physical properties. Understanding the effect of SFs on NW mechanical properties is critical to NW applications in nanodevices. In this study, the Young's moduli of GaAs NWs with two distinct structures, defect free single crystalline wurtzite (WZ) and highly defective wurtzite containing a high density of SFs (WZ SF) are investigated using combined in situ compression transmission electron microscopy and finite element analysis. The Young's moduli of both WZ and WZ SF GaAs NWs were found to increase with decreasing diameter due to the increasing volume fraction of the native oxide shell. The presence of a high density of SFs was further found to increase the Young's modulus by 13% This stiffening effect of SFs is attributed to the change in the interatomic bonding configuration at the SFs.
Correlation between shapes of Shockley stacking faults and structures of basal plane dislocations in 4H SiC epilayers

Shockley type stacking faults expanded in 4H SiC epilayers induced by ultraviolet illumination were investigated using a photoluminescence imaging method, a photoluminescence mapping method and X ray topography. After ultraviolet illumination, more than 30 patterns of Shockley type stacking faults which expanded from perfect basal plane dislocations were observed by photoluminescence imaging. The initial basal plane dislocations were crystallographically classified, and individual shapes of expanded Shockley type stacking faults were predicted. The correspondence between the predicted shapes and observed ones was discussed.
Secure Communication in Uplink Transmissions: User Selection and Multiuser Secrecy Gain
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Communications

In this paper, we investigate secure communications uplink transmissions, where there are a base station (BS) with M receive antennas, K mobile users each with a single antenna, and an eavesdropper with N receive antennas. The closed form expressions of the achievable ergodic secrecy sum rates (ESSRs) for a random k users selection scheme in the high and low signal to noise ratio regimes are presented. It is shown that the scaling behavior of ESSR with respect to the number served users k can be quite different under different system configurations, determined by the numbers of the BS antennas and that of the eavesdropper antennas. In order to achieve multiuser gain, two low complexity user selection schemes are proposed under different assumptions on the eavesdropper's channel state information. The closed form expressions of the achievable ESSRs and the multiuser secrecy gains of the two schemes are also presented in both low and high SNR regimes. observe that, as k increases, the multiuser secrecy gain increases, while the ESSR may decrease. Therefore, when N much larger than M, serving one user with the strongest channel (Time Division Multiple Address like) is a favorable secrecy scheme, where the ESSR scales with 2 log K.
Biologia molecular de la celula

Como la cantidad de informacion en Biologia seexpande cada vez mas, se hace cada vez masnecesario que los libros de texto reflejen el vastoconocimiento cientifico en concisos principios yconceptos duraderos. Como en ediciones anteriores,Biologia Molecular de la Celula, Sexta Edicion,cumple este objetivo con un texto claro y excelentepuesta al dia con las ultimas investigaciones enel campo de la biologia celular y proporciona unsolido apoyo tanto al profesor como al estudiante.
Development Policy of Warsaw Chopin Airport in the Light of the European Funds for 2014 2020

In 2014, Poland celebrated the 10th anniversary of the access to the European Union. At present, air traffic has been increasing since 2004, when the open sky policy was introduced. Unfortunately, the dynamics of year to year growth is getting lower. In 2014 Polish airports operated more than 25 million passengers. Polish Civil Aviation Authority forecasts the growth of air traffic by 2020. It is possible to predict that in 2020 in Poland 38 over million passengers will be traveling by plane. The flight operations and the rate of population mobility will increase. Polish government as well as local authorities and regions have to prepare a strategy of air transport development. This strategy should be realized for the central airport in Warsaw, major regional airports, small regional airports, and local and business aviation. The main aim of this paper is to identify opportunities for Polish airports in the new perspective of European funds for 2014 2020. The main problems of the issue will be presented from various points of view. The first problem focuses on the development of Polish air transport area. Moreover, the paper concentrates on the availability of European funds for air transport. Finally, the paper presents the analysis of selected investments in air transport area: infrastructure, capital and operations. These investments and regional strategies as well as individual programs and the concept of Central airports for Poland will be determining the model of the Polish air transport system until 2020. In the paper, I conducted the detailed research about the development with the management of Warsaw Chopin Airport.
A Study of Menstrual Hygiene Management and College Absenteeism among Female Medical and Dental Students in a University of East India.

Menstrual Hygiene Management [MHM] has not received attention in reproductive health sectors of developing countries, exposing girls to RTIs. In India, practices are still poorer because of socio cultural taboos. Doctors' being the main health care providers, their knowledge helps transform society.  To assess the practices of menstrual hygiene among female Medical and Dental undergraduate students in Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences. To find associations of MHM practices with regards to their parents' education, SES, and religion. To assess the effect of menstruation on college absenteeism among them.  A cross sectional study was conducted from 15thApril 15thJuly, 2016. All students present on the day of data collection and giving consent were included.441students participated; a pretested self administered, anonymous questionnaire was used. Data was analysed using EpiInfo (3.5.4) Chi square test was used with p value
Artemisinin and its derivatives can significantly inhibit lung tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis through Wnt/b catenin signaling
Venue: Oncotarget

Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent malignancy worldwide given its high incidence, considerable mortality, and poor prognosis. The anti malaria compounds artemisinin (ART) dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and artesunate (ARTS) reportedly have anti cancer potential, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this work, we used flow cytometry to show that ART, DHA, and ARTS could inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells by arresting cell cycle in G1 phase. Meanwhile, tumor malignancy including migration, invasion, cancer stem cells, and epithelial mesenchymal transition were also significantly suppressed by these compounds. Furthermore, ART, DHA, and ARTS remarkably decreased tumor growth in vivo. By using IWP 2, the inhibitor of Wnt/b catenin pathway, and Wnt5a siRNA, we found that ART, DHA, and ARTS could render tumor inhibition partially dependent on Wnt/b catenin inactivation. These compounds could strikingly decrease the protein level of Wnt5 a/b and simultaneously increase those of NKD2 and Axin2, ultimately resulting in b catenin downregulation. In summary, our findings revealed that ART, DHA, and ARTS could suppress lung tumor progression by inhibiting Wnt/b catenin pathway, thereby suggesting a novel target for ART, DHA, and ARTS in cancer treatment.
What's in a Name? A Critical Review of Definitions of Quantitative Literacy, Numeracy, and Quantitative Reasoning

This article aims to bring together various threads in the eclectic literature that make up the scholarship around the theme of Quantitative Literacy. In investigating the meanings of terms like "quantitative literacy," "quantitative reasoning," and "numeracy," we seek common ground, common themes, common goals and aspirations of a community of practitioners. A decade ago, these terms were relatively new in the public sphere; today policy makers and accrediting agencies are routinely inserting them into general education conversations. Having good, representative, and perhaps even compact and easily digestible definitions of these terms might come in handy in public relations contexts as well as in other situations where practitioners need to measure and evaluate their own success or communicate their goals and practice to others. Finding such definitions is, as expected, a difficult task. We offer through our analysis a clarifying framework for practitioners looking to sharpen their definitions and for others who are not keen on finalizing definitions. More specifically, we argue that there is indeed a common thread among all the terms involved, that of a competence in interacting with myriad mathematical and statistical representations of the real world, in the contexts of daily life, work situations, and the civic engagement. Furthermore we propose that the knowledge content captured by the individual terms can be placed on a continuum (statistics data arithmetic
Broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber based on sectional asymmetric structures
Venue: Scientific reports

We suggest and demonstrate the concept and design of sectional asymmetric structures which can manipulate the metamaterial absorber's working bandwidth with maintaining the other inherent advantages. As an example, a broadband terahertz perfect absorber is designed to confirm its effectiveness. The absorber's each cell integrates four sectional asymmetric rings, and the entire structure composed of Au and Si3N4 is only 1.9 mm thick. The simulation results show the bandwidth with absorptivity being larger than 90% is extended by about 2.8 times comparing with the conventional square ring absorber. The composable small cell, ultra thin, and broadband absorption with polarization and incident angle insensitivity will make the absorber suitable for the applications of focal plane array terahertz imaging.
Evaluating Websites and Their Adherence to Data Protection Principles: Tools and Experiences Contributions to IFIP Summer School Proceedings
Venue: Privacy and Identity Management

We present our two separate tools for data protection measurement and evaluation of websites. The first tool does a generic check on a single website and is openly available for any web user to use when evaluating data protection measures implemented on a website. The second tool was used to perform a more exhaustive evaluation of Swedish municipalities. The work focuses on leakages of personally identifiable information to third parties when a web visitor goes to a website, and in our accompanying website we have also identified measures that web developers could undertake, or that web visitors could request, to improve the data protection of their visitors.
Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) A Perspective

Hydrocarbon pollution is a perennial problem not only in India but throughout the globe. A plethora of microorganisms have been reported to be efficient degraders of these recalcitrant pollutants. One of the major concerns of environmental problem is the presence of hydrocarbons due to the various anthropogenic activities. PAHs are ubiquitous in nature i.e. present in soil, water and air. Presence of PAHs in environment creates problem as their presence have deleterious effect on human and animals. They also have the ability to cause the tumors in human and animals. Some of the microorganisms are capable of transforming and degrading these PAHs and remove them from the environment. The present review describes about the sources, structure, fate and toxicity of PAHs as well as different bioremediation techniques involved in the removing of contaminants from the environment which are efficient and cost effective. The conventional approaches used for removal of PAH are not only environment friendly but also are able to reduce the risk to human and ecosystem.
Relation between Conflict Level and Leadership Style in a Military Medical Sciences Research Center

Effective leadership is a requirement in every research institute in order to create and sustain an optimized level of conflict. The aim of the present research was to study the relationship between conflict level and leadership style in the employees of a military medical research center.  This study was a cross sectional study. Data was gathered by three questionnaires (demographic, fielder's least preference co worker (LPC) and Rahim conflict inventory I questionnaire) from 42 managers and faculties of a military medical research center in 2015. Data was analyzed with Independent T Test, Spearman Coefficient and linear regression using SPSS version 18.  No significant difference was seen between conflict level and also leadership style with demographic variables including sex, age, and the duration of working years (P Value> 0.05) Linear regression showed that leadership score had a negative and significant difference with intrapersonal conflict level (r= 0.377 and P Value 0.05)  Empowering managers for improvement in relation oriented leadership styles has an effect on decreasing organizational conflict levels. In order to optimize conflict levels, planning to decrease Intrapersonal conflict levels and increase intergroup conflict levels is recommended.
Extension of Modified Havriliak Negami Model to Characterize Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Binders

AbstractAccurate characterization of mechanical properties of asphalt binders plays an important role in the evaluation and selection of binders, and in the design and analysis of mixtures. In this study the modified Havriliak Negami model previously proposed for complex modulus of asphalt concrete is extended to account for the steady state flow behavior of viscoelastic liquid materials. The analytical forms of storage and loss modulus master curves are derived from the complex modulus model through complex algebra. The Kronig Kramers relations of the model are satisfied so that various LVE functions are equivalent and the causality of the model is fulfilled. In addition, the same time temperature shift factor applies to various LVE functions. Thus, the model is consistent with the LVE theory. The model is fitted to complex modulus test results of various asphalt binders. The results show that the model can accurately characterize the properties of asphalt binders, regardless of whether they show viscoel.
Political economy in applied linguistics research
Venue: Language Teaching

This state of the art review is based on the fundamental idea that political economy should be adopted as a frame for research and discussion in applied linguistics as part of a general social turn which has taken hold in the field over the past three decades. It starts with Susan Gal's (1989) early call for such a move in sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology, that is, for 'investigations of the links among language structure, language use, and political economy' (Gal 1989: 346) and moves from a consideration of theoretical bases to the discussion and critique of concrete examples of research. Thus, after a fairly detailed discussion of political economy and the key constructs neoliberalism and social class, the paper moves to a review of research in three broad areas. First, it focuses on how issues and constructs from political economy have been incorporated into discussions of education, work and leisure by a growing number of sociolinguists. This is followed by a review of research which has focused specifically on social class as a central organising construct and then a third section on political economy in language teaching and learning research. The review ends with a consideration of the future of political economy in applied linguistics research.
Applied ethnolinguistics Is Cultural Linguistics, but Is It cultural linguistics?

The label cultural linguistics has been used to refer either to a broad field of scientific endeavour which I suggest to call cultural linguistics (in lowercase) or to a more narrowly defined framework within that field which I call cultural linguistics (in small capitals) The latter uses cultural conceptualisations (categories, metaphors, schemas, and models) to study aspects of cultural cognition and its instantiation in language. The term cultural value is used sparingly, and not at all in a technical sense. This raises the question of whether bridges can be built between cultural linguistics and applied ethnolinguistics. The latter makes prolific use of the term cultural value, which it sees as fundamental to its endeavours. Close scrutiny reveals that both frameworks do acknowledge the importance of cultural values: in cultural linguistics, detailed study of culturally specific conceptualisations may lead to a more precise understanding of the cultural values upheld in particular language communities. Nonetheless, there seems to be little prospect for an amalgamation of the two frameworks. Rather, applied ethnolinguistics and cultural linguistics are both part of the broader field of cultural linguistics, where they provide separate, but equally useful, methodologies for the study of language and cultural values.
Citation Practices in the Literature Review: A Contrastive Study of Sudanese and British Applied Linguistics Ph.D. Theses

Manifest intertextuality is a fundamental aspect of all academic discourse, and, hence, this study purports to explore the myriad functions of citation in a representative and contrastive corpus drawn from 20 Literature Review chapters in the domain of Applied Linguistics, and equally divided among Ph.D. theses successfully defended in Sudan and Britain. A variety of typologies were utilized to elicit citations, including Thompson's (2005) classification of integral and non integral citations, together with Hyland's (2002) designation of denotative and evaluative functions associated with reporting verbs. Groom's (2000) and Petric's (2007) notions of averral and attribution, propositional responsibility and knowledge transformation also inform this investigation. Results indicate that the dense deployment of citations and the predilection both corpora have for integral structures, verbatim quotations and present active Discourse reporting verbs are largely dictated by the discursive and human imbued nature of Applied Linguistics. On the other hand, the findings reveal that Sudanese candidates formally and functionally employ citations in manners markedly different from their British peers. Thus, the Sudanese corpus is characterized by blatant errors, repetition and awkwardness in both documenting sources and reporting the findings of research. Moreover, naive unwarranted quotations and authorial evaluations were ubiquitously observed, as compared to the British corpus. More significantly, there were ample variations in the way in which the two groups conceive of the role of the Literature Review. While the British adopted a range of Writer oriented and metadiscoursal strategies to amalgamate and integrate the cited materials within their mainstream arguments, the Sudanese candidates were strictly concerned with unmediated and uncontested attribution of ideas to their authors. Such is the synthetic nature of the resultant type of this Literature Review that the writer's textual voice is submerged under the sheer burden of successive descriptive citations, thus eclipsing almost all of the objectives of this chapter in critiquing sources and subordinating the cited literature to the overarching transformative perspective of the thesis writer. The Discussion is illuminated through extensive quotations from the two corpora.
The Application of Immobilized Microorganism Technology in Wastewater Treatment

Immobilized microorganism technology is one technique of the effective biotechnology for wastewater treatment.It has the advantages of the seed culture of bacteria with high activity and stability the reaction easily controlled low amount of sludge produced and removal the organic matter and substances difficultly degraded. The application research development of immobilized microorganism technology on wastewater treatment was analyzed through the introduction of immobilized technology and the different selection of carriers. It reviews the recent application of immobilized microorganism technology in difficult degrades wastewater, toxicity heavy metals wastewater organism wastewater, N and P wastewater.
Biodegradation of Phenol from Wastewater by Microorganism Immobilized in Bentonite and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gel

This study presents a microbial process for phenol degradation in coking wastewater. The optimum immobilized condition of the strain for degrading phenol was determined through orthogonal experiment. The free and immobilized microorganisms were examined for their capabilities on degrading phenol. Results indicated that the optimum immobilized conditions were 20% microorganism suspension, 5% bentonite, 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose content, and 1 h of crosslinking time. The biodegradation rate was optimized at 35degC and 0.23 gmL 1 of immobilized microorganism bead. The degrading rate for the immobilized microorganism bead was up to 95.96% at an initial phenol concentration of 100 mgL 1; however, the immobilized microorganism considerably took more time (288 h) to reach 94.6% removal efficiency at a much higher concentration of 1000 mgL 1. The batch experiment demonstrated that 94.50% of phenol was removed using the beads with the immobilized microorganism at an initial concentration of 500 mgL 1. By contrast, only 24.60% and 33.88% of phenol were degraded using the gel beads without and with free microorganisms, respectively. The immobilized microorganism beads can used reused for up to nine cycles at the same initial phenol concentration (50 mgL 1) and can be stored up to 40 d without loss of its degradation capacity.
Anytime? Anywhere? The seasonality of flight offers in Central Europe

Air transport can be considered as the most dynamic transport mode during recent decades. It is an important but also responsive indicator of global social, economic, political and cultural cooperation in different areas. For this reason, air transport is a unique source of various aspects of international relations. The principal goal of this study is an analysis of seasonality in the offer of flights in Central Europe during 2014, considering the different positions and functions of the airports within the air transport system. Ten airports from the Central European region are monitored in the analysis in terms of fluctuations in flight offers and offered destinations. A synthesis of these patterns is presented as a typology of the surveyed airports using the Ossan triangle. This paper clearly shows the different patterns of the spatial and temporal organization of air transport in Central Europe.