nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Time Is Money: The Business Value of Web Performance

If you want to convince your organization to conduct a web performance upgrade, this concise book will strengthen your case. Drawing upon her many years of web performance research, author Tammy Everts uses cases studies and other data to explain how web page speed and availability affect a host of business metrics. Youll also learn how our human neurological need for quick, uncomplicated processes drives these metrics. Ideal for managers, this books case studies demonstrate how Walmart, Staples.com, Mozilla, and other organizations significantly improved conversion rates through simple upgrades. Find out why happy customers return, while frustrated users can send your metricsand your domaininto a tailspin.  What happens neurologically when people encounter slow or interrupted processes How page speed affects metrics in retail and other industries, from media sites to SaaS providers Why internal applications are often slower than consumer apps, and how this hurts employee morale and productivity Common performance problems and the various technologies created to fight them How to pioneer new metrics, and create an organizational culture of performance
Approximate decoding for network coded inter dependent data
Venue: Signal Process.

In this paper, we consider decoding of loss tolerant data encoded by network coding and transmitted over error prone networks. Intermediate network nodes typically perform the random linear network coding in a Galois field and a Gaussian elimination is used for decoding process in the terminal nodes. In such settings, conventional decoding approaches can unfortunately not reconstruct any encoded data unless they receive at least as many coded packets as the original number of packets. In this paper, we rather propose to exploit the incomplete data at a receiver without major modifications to the conventional decoding architecture. We study the problem of approximate decoding for inter dependent sources where the difference between source vectors is characterized by a unimodal distribution. We propose a mode based algorithm for approximate decoding, where the mode of the source data distribution is used to reconstruct source data. We further improve the mode based approximate decoding algorithm by using additional short information that is referred to as position similarity information (PSI) We analytically study the impact of PSI size on the approximate decoding performance and show that the optimal size of PSI can be determined based on performance requirements of applications. The proposed approach has been tested in an illustrative example of data collection in sensor networks. The simulation results confirm the benefits of approximate decoding for inter dependent sources and further show that 93.3% of decoding errors are eliminated when the approximate decoding uses appropriate PSI.
The Impact of Network Coding Cluster Size on Approximate Decoding Performance
Venue: KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst.

In this paper, delay constrained data transmission is considered over error prone networks. Network coding is deployed for efficient information exchange, and an approximate decoding approach is deployed to overcome potential all or nothing problems. Our focus is on determining the cluster size and its impact on approximate decoding performance. Decoding performance is quantified, and we show that performance is determined only by the number of packets. Moreover, the fundamental tradeoff between approximate decoding performance and data transfer rate improvement is analyzed; as the cluster size increases, the data transfer rate improves and decoding performance is degraded. This tradeoff can lead to an optimal cluster size of network coding based networks that achieves the target decoding performance of applications. A set of experiment results confirms the analysis.
How to explain microemulsions formed by solvent mixtures without conventional surfactants
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Beginning over 40 y ago, a curious type of microemulsions as transparent dispersion of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial film at thermodynamic equilibrium has been described as "pre Ouzo," "detergentless," or surfactant free microemulsions. The experiments in ternary systems containing one hydrotropic cosolvent were ambiguous, and therefore, there was no need to come up with a general theory. Recent evidence obtained by specific deuteration in neutron scattering established the need for the extension of self assembly theories based on Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeck theory (DLVO) bending, or phase transfer energy. Here, we introduce a general free energy expression for weak self assembly, where solvation effects and entropy compete without the influence of film bending, that explains all experimental results for this class of microemulsions. Ternary solutions containing one hydrotrope (such as ethanol) and two immiscible fluids, both being soluble in the hydrotrope at any proportion, show unexpected solubilization power and allow strange but yet unexplained membrane enzyme activity. We study the system ethanol water octanol as a simple model of such kinds of ternary solutions. The stability of "detergentless" micelles or microemulsions in such mixtures was proposed in the pioneering works of Barden and coworkers [Smith GD, Donelan CE, Barden RE (1977) J Colloid Interface Sci 60(3):488 496 and Keiser BA, Varie D, Barden RE, Holt SL (1979) ] in the 1970s and then, neglected, because no general explanation for the observations was available. Recent direct microstructural evidence by light, X ray, and neutron scattering using contrast variation reopened the debate. We propose here a general principle for solubilization without conventional surfactants: the balance between hydration force and entropy. This balance explains the stability of microemulsions in homogeneous ternary mixtures based on cosolvents.
Spatial Shape Constrained Fuzzy C Means (FCM) Clustering for Nucleus Segmentation in Pap Smear Images
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)

Precise segmentation of Pap smear cell nucleus is crucial for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. This task is particularly challenging because of cell overlapping, inconsistent staining, poor contrast and other imaging artifacts. In this study, a novel method is proposed to segment cell nucleus from overlapping Pap smear cell images. The proposed technique introduces a circular shape function (CSF) to increase the robustness of Pap cell nucleus segmentation using fuzzy c means clustering. CSF imposes a shape constrain over the formed clusters, while improves the boundary of the nucleus. The shape function helps to differentiate the pixels having similar intensity value but located in different spatial regions. The method is evaluated using Overlapping Cervical Cytology Image Segmentation Challenge ISBI 2014 dataset and compared with the traditional FCM clustering and recently published state of the art methods. Both qualitative and quantitative measures indicate that the new technique performs favorably with others.
An improved nucleus segmentation for cervical cell images using FCM clustering and BPNN
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

Pap smear testPap smear test plays an important role for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer in which human cells taken from the cervix of patient are analysed for pre cancerous changes. The manual analysis of these cells by expert cytologist is labor intensive and time consuming job. In this paper, an improved nucleus segmentation algorithm is proposed using FCM clustering and BPNN. The existing algorithm based on FCM clustering has been improved by finding optimum clusters instead of fixed clusters. Further, shape based features are extracted from each region which act as input to Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) to classify regions as nucleus or non nucleus. Thus false detected regions are removed to produce the accurate segmentation of nucleus regions. The proposed work is evaluated on the public available Herlev dataset. Experimental results show the improvement in performance (precision, recall and Dice Coefficient) of nucleus segmentation by 1% 7% and 5% respectively compared to existing work.
Identification of pests and assessment of their damage on Carapa procera and Lophira lanceolata in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Venue: Journal of Forestry Research

Nontimber forest products are a source of income for women in rural African communities. However, these products are frequently damaged by insect pests. The present study investigates the diversity and damage rates of insect pests that attack Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. The experiment was set up in western Burkina Faso and, for C. carapa, consisted of pests collected from seeds that had fallen to the ground and from stockpiled seeds. For L. lanceolata, pests were collected from fruits on the trees, and on the ground. The collected samples were sent to the laboratory to estimate the proportion of damaged seeds/fruits and rear the insects. The results showed that Ephestia spp. Tribolium castaneum, Oryzeaphilus spp. and Tenebroides mauritanicus were the pests of Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. Ephestia spp. was recorded as the main pest of both C. procera and L. lanceolata, whereas T. castaneum was only detected from seeds of L. lanceolata. For C. procera, the stocks were the most infested (29 by Ephestia spp. The infestation rate of fruits of L. lanceolata by Ephestia spp. on trees (31.42 3.75 was less than the rate of fruits by T. castaneum on the ground (44.00 3.5 The different body sizes of Ephestia spp. may indicate the occurrence of two putative species, one from C. procera and another one from L. lanceolata. This work provides important information that could contribute to the setting up of a local scale sustainable management framework for oil tree pests in Burkina Faso and surrounding countries.
On the Leeuwin Current System and Its Linkage to Zonal Flows in the South Indian Ocean as Inferred from a Gridded Hydrography

AbstractThe Leeuwin Current System (LCS) along the coast of Western Australia consists of the poleward flowing Leeuwin Current (LC) the equatorward flowing Leeuwin Undercurrent (LUC) and neighboring flows in the south Indian Ocean (SIO) Using geostrophic currents obtained from a highly resolved 1/8 deg) hydrographic climatology [CSIRO Atlas of Regional Seas (CARS) this study describes the spatial structure and annual variability of the LC, LUC, and SIO zonal currents, estimates their transports, and identifies linkages among them. In CARS, the LC is supplied partly by water from the tropics (an annual mean of 0.3 Sv; 1 Sv 106 m3 s 1) but mostly by shallow (200 m) eastward flows in the SIO (4.7 Sv) and it loses water by downwelling across the bottom of this layer (3.4 Sv) The downwelling is so strong that, despite the large SIO inflow, the horizontal transport of the LC does not much increase to the south (from 0.3 Sv at 22degS to 1.5 Sv at 34degS) This LC transport is significantly smaller than previous.
Structured Finance in Shipping

A key characteristic of the shipping industry is that it is highly capital intensive. The international shipowning community is at all times in need of significant amounts of capital in order to fund its fleet modernization and expansion strategy as well as to refinance its existing trading fleet. Traditionally, shipowners have satisfied their ship financing requirements through their own (or family and friends) equity resources as well as on bank debt finance, which represents the cheapest form of external capital when compared to other alternative sources. With China formally entering the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the international shipowning community was faced with an increased demand for its services, as it was called upon to assist fueling and facilitating the so called BRICs' (Brazil, Russia, India and China) tremendous growth.
Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths United States, 2000 2014.
Venue: MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

The United States is experiencing an epidemic of drug overdose (poisoning) deaths. Since 2000, the rate of deaths from drug overdoses has increased 137% including a 200% increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving opioids (opioid pain relievers and heroin) CDC analyzed recent multiple cause of death mortality data to examine current trends and characteristics of drug overdose deaths, including the types of opioids associated with drug overdose deaths. During 2014, a total of 47,055 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States, representing a 1 year increase of 6.5% from 13.8 per 100,000 persons in 2013 to 14.7 per 100,000 persons in 2014. The rate of drug overdose deaths increased significantly for both sexes, persons aged 25 44 years and =55 years, non Hispanic whites and non Hispanic blacks, and in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. Rates of opioid overdose deaths also increased significantly, from 7.9 per 100,000 in 2013 to 9.0 per 100,000 in 2014, a 14% increase. Historically, CDC has programmatically characterized all opioid pain reliever deaths (natural and semisynthetic opioids, methadone, and other synthetic opioids) as "prescription" opioid overdoses (1) Between 2013 and 2014, the age adjusted rate of death involving methadone remained unchanged; however, the age adjusted rate of death involving natural and semisynthetic opioid pain relievers, heroin, and synthetic opioids, other than methadone (e.g. fentanyl) increased 9% 26% and 80% respectively. The sharp increase in deaths involving synthetic opioids, other than methadone, in 2014 coincided with law enforcement reports of increased availability of illicitly manufactured fentanyl, a synthetic opioid; however, illicitly manufactured fentanyl cannot be distinguished from prescription fentanyl in death certificate data. These findings indicate that the opioid overdose epidemic is worsening. There is a need for continued action to prevent opioid abuse, dependence, and death, improve treatment capacity for opioid use disorders, and reduce the supply of illicit opioids, particularly heroin and illicit fentanyl.
Gender Role Attitudes and Male Adolescent Dating Violence Perpetration: Normative Beliefs as Moderators
Venue: Journal of youth and adolescence

Commonly used dating violence prevention programs assume that promotion of more egalitarian gender role attitudes will prevent dating violence perpetration. Empirical research examining this assumption, however, is limited and inconsistent. The current study examined the longitudinal association between gender role attitudes and physical dating violence perpetration among adolescent boys (n 577; 14 Black, 5 other race/ethnicity) and examined whether injunctive (i.e. acceptance of dating violence) and descriptive (i.e. beliefs about dating violence prevalence) normative beliefs moderated the association. As expected, the findings suggest that traditional gender role attitudes at T1 were associated with increased risk for dating violence perpetration 18 months later (T2) among boys who reported high, but not low, acceptance of dating violence (injunctive normative beliefs) at T1. Descriptive norms did not moderate the effect of gender role attitudes on dating violence perpetration. The results suggest that injunctive norms and gender role attitudes work synergistically to increase risk for dating violence perpetration among boys; as such, simultaneously targeting both of these constructs may be an effective prevention approach.
A longitudinal content analysis of gender role portrayal in Belgian television advertising

This study explores gender role portrayal in advertisements broadcasted on Belgian commercial television. We gathered a sample of 493 commercials (featuring 907 characters) randomly selected out of two periods (January 2002 April 2003, n 250 and January 2009 April 2010, n 243) from a database containing all advertisements broadcasted on Belgian commercial television. A content analysis was carried out using a coding scheme based on existing literature. Content categories included gender of the characters, gender roles (i.e. parental, housekeeping and professional expert) and sexual objectification. Hypotheses predicted that men and women would be represented differently in television advertising, and that these differences would reflect traditional gender stereotypes. Moreover, due to regulatory changes, we hypothesize that these differences should decrease over time. Results are largely in accordance with the existing literature. Women tend to be depicted as younger and are portrayed more often within dependent roles as caregiving parent, housewife or as sexual objects than men. A longitudinal analysis of role portrayal changes across two periods within and between genders indicates little change in gender role portrayals in Belgian television advertising between 2002 2003 and 2009 2010. Despite social and regulatory changes, gender stereotypes in advertising seem to persist over time.
Parents' Gender Ideology and Gendered Behavior as Predictors of Children's Gender Role Attitudes: A Longitudinal Exploration
Venue: Sex roles

The current study utilized longitudinal, self report data from a sample of 109 dual earner, working class couples and their 6 year old children living in the northeastern United States. Research questions addressed the roles of parents' gender ideology and gendered behaviors in predicting children's development of gender role attitudes. It was hypothesized that parents' behavior would be more influential than their ideology in the development of their children's attitudes about gender roles. Parents responded to questionnaires assessing their global beliefs about women's and men's "rightful" roles in society, work preferences for mothers, division of household and childcare tasks, division of paid work hours, and job traditionality. These data were collected at multiple time points across the first year of parenthood, and during a 6 year follow up. At the final time point, children completed the Sex Roles Learning Inventory (SERLI) an interactive measure that assesses gender role attitudes. Overall, mothers' and fathers' behaviors were better predictors of children's gender role attitudes than parents' ideology. In addition, mothers and fathers played unique roles in their sons' and daughters' acquisition of knowledge about gender stereotypes. Findings from the current study fill gaps in the literature on children's gender development in the family context particularly by examining the understudied role of fathers in children's acquisition of knowledge regarding gender stereotypes and through its longitudinal exploration of the relationship between parents' gender ideologies, parents' gendered behaviors, and children's gender role attitudes.
Gender Role Portrayals in Television Advertising Across the Globe
Venue: Sex roles

Although there are numerous studies on gender role portrayals in television advertising, comparative designs are clearly lacking. With content analytical data from a total of 13 Asian, American, and European countries, we study the stereotypical depiction of men and women in television advertisements. Our sample consists of 1755 ads collected in May 2014. Analyzing the gender of the primary character and voiceover, as well as the age, associated product categories, home or work setting, and the working role of the primary character, we concluded that gender stereotypes in TV advertising can be found around the world. A multilevel model further showed that gender stereotypes were independent of a country's gender indices, including Hofstede's Masculinity Index, GLOBE's Gender Egalitarianism Index, the Gender related Development Index, the Gender Inequality Index, and the Global Gender Gap Index. These findings suggest that gender stereotyping in television advertising does not depend on the gender equality prevalent in a country. The role of a specific culture in shaping gender stereotypes in television advertising is thus smaller than commonly thought.
Keragaman Lumut Daun Di Hutan Bekas Terbakar Bukit Bangkirai, Kalimantan Timur=moss Diversity in the Forest Fire From Bukit Bangkirai, East Kalimantan

Bukit Bangkirai is a public recreation forest in East Kalimantan. During the long dry season in 1982 1983 and 1997 1998 some parts of the forest have burnt out, only small part war escaped. Bryophytes are small plant and usually abundantly grows on the forest.The Bryodiversity research in the Bukit Bangkirai has been done in the 2000 to 2003.Total sample of bryophyte collections about 3000 numbers since seven period collections and the result of identification were found 92 species including 27 genera and 9 families.The dominant mosses found are Achantorrhynchium papilatum, Arthrocormus schimperi,Leucobryum sanctum, Octoblepharum albidum, Pyrrhobryum spiniforme, Syrrhopodon albovaginatus and Syrrhopodon spiculosus. Only four species found in control plot.They are Ctenidium malacobolum, Fissidens zippleianus, Groutiella tomentosa and Taxithellium lindbergii. Acroporium diminutum, Leucobryum juniperinoides, Calymperes aeruginosum, Fissidens robinsonii and Syrrhopodon semilimber were only found in the light damage plot and Fissidens wichurae, Isopterygium textori, Leucobryum bowringii,Syrrhopodon confertus were only found in the heavy damage plot. The mosses usuallygrows on the soil and rotten logs in damp site. Bangkirai forest recreation, east Kalimantan, mosses, burn areas, diversity.
Construction risk knowledge management in BIM using ontology and semantic web technology

The development of Building Information Modelling provides a visual and information rich environment to incorporate the construction risk knowledge in the domain of safety management. Ontology and semantic web technology offer an opportunity to enable such domain knowledge to be represented semantically. This paper attempts to take advantage of the strength of BIM, ontology and semantic web technology to establish an ontology based methodology/framework for construction risk knowledge management in BIM environment. The risk knowledge is modelled into an ontology based semantic network to produce a risk map, from which the interdependences between risks, risk paths can be inferred semantically. Based on the semantic retrieval mechanism, the applicable knowledge is dynamically linked to the specific objects in the BIM environment. Based on the methodology, a prototype system is developed as a tool to facilitate the construction risk knowledge management and reuse in hope of indirectly improving the construction risk analysis process. A case application is implemented to demonstrate the risk prevention through construction process/method selection, including the risk factors identification, risk paths reasoning and risk prevention plan recommendation. Finally, a questionnaire survey highlights the potential benefits and limitations on the deployment of such system.