nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning in Auctions: Regret is Hard, Envy is Easy
Venue: 2016 IEEE 57th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS)

An extensive body of recent work studies the welfare guarantees of simple and prevalent combinatorial auction formats, such as selling m items via simultaneous second price auctions (SiSPAs)    These guarantees hold even when the auctions are repeatedly executed and the players use no regret learning algorithms to choose their actions. Unfortunately, off the shelf no regret learning algorithms for these auctions are computationally inefficient as the number of actions available to the players becomes exponential. We show that this obstacle is inevitable: there are no polynomial time no regret learning algorithms for SiSPAs, unless RP NP, even when the bidders are unit demand. Our lower bound raises the question of how good outcomes polynomially bounded bidders may discover in such auctions. To answer this question, we propose a novel concept of learning in auctions, termed "no envy learning." This notion is founded upon Walrasian equilibrium, and we show that it is both efficiently implementable and results in approximately optimal welfare, even when the bidders have valuations from the broad class of fractionally subadditive (XOS) valuations (assuming demand oracle access to the valuations) or coverage valuations (even without demand oracles) No envy learning outcomes are a relaxation of no regret learning outcomes, which maintain their approximate welfare optimality while endowing them with computational tractability. Our positive and negative results extend to several auction formats that have been studied in the literature via the smoothness paradigm. Our positive results for XOS valuations are enabled by a novel Follow The Perturbed Leader algorithm for settings where the number of experts and states of nature are both infinite, and the payoff function of the learner is non linear. We show that this algorithm has applications outside of auction settings, establishing significant gains in a recent application of no regret learning in security games. Our efficient learning result for coverage valuations is based on a novel use of convex rounding schemes and a reduction to online convex optimization.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Innovation in Research Methods in Applied Linguistics

This introduction provides a rationale for the papers in this special issue, establishing a link between these and last year's special issue on the subject of defining applied linguistics, and arguing the case for greater attention to be given to methodological issues in our field. Papers in the collection are briefly introduced in the context of five developments that make the publication of a collection on this topic particularly timely: the passing of existential angst, the end of the paradigm wars, the impact agenda, online opportunities, and technological advances.
Arsenic(V) Incorporation in Vivianite during Microbial Reduction of Arsenic(V) Bearing Biogenic Fe(III) (Oxyhydr)oxides.
Venue: Environmental science technology

The dissolution of arsenic bearing iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides during combined microbial iron(III) and arsenate(V) reduction is thought to be the main mechanism responsible for arsenic mobilization in reducing environments. Besides its mobilization during bioreduction, arsenic is often resequestered by newly forming secondary iron(II) bearing mineral phases. In phosphate bearing environments, iron(II) inputs generally lead to vivianite precipitation. In fact, in a previous study we observed that during bioreduction of arsenate(V) bearing biogenic iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides in phosphate containing growth media, ) was immobilized by the newly forming secondary iron(II) and iron(II)/iron(III)mineral phases, including vivianite. In the present study, changes in arsenic redox state and binding environment in these experiments were analyzed. We found that arsenate(V) partly replaced phosphate in vivianite, thus forming a vivianite symplesite solid solution identified as Fe3(PO4)1.7(AsO4)0.3*8H2O. Our data suggests that in order to predict the fate of arsenic during the bioreduction of abiogenic and biogenic iron(III) (oxyhydr)oxides in arsenic contaminated environments, the formation of symplesite vivianite minerals needs to be considered. Indeed, such mineral phases could contribute to a delayed and slow release of arsenic in phosphate bearing surface and groundwater environments.
A New Fuzzy Evidential Controller for Stabilization of the Planar Inverted Pendulum System
Venue: PloS one

In order to realize the stability control of the planar inverted pendulum system, which is a typical multi variable and strong coupling system, a new fuzzy evidential controller based on fuzzy inference and evidential reasoning is proposed. Firstly, for each axis, a fuzzy nine point controller for the rod and a fuzzy nine point controller for the cart are designed. Then, in order to coordinate these two controllers of each axis, a fuzzy evidential coordinator is proposed. In this new fuzzy evidential controller, the empirical knowledge for stabilization of the planar inverted pendulum system is expressed by fuzzy rules, while the coordinator of different control variables in each axis is built incorporated with the dynamic basic probability assignment (BPA) in the frame of fuzzy inference. The fuzzy evidential coordinator makes the output of the control variable smoother, and the control effect of the new controller is better compared with some other work. The experiment in MATLAB shows the effectiveness and merit of the proposed method.
Design and simulation of inverted pendulum system based on the fractional PID controller
Venue: 2016 IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

This paper implements fractional order controller to the compound control, taking the first order inverted pendulum system as the plant, In which, using direct compensator to reach steady. Then we give the design method of fractional order PID controller (PIlDm controller) fractional order (PDm controller controller) integer order PID controller and optimize parameters based on genetic algorithm. The simulation results prove that the proposed method can achieve high performance comparing the PID controller.
Optimal State Feedback Design for Inverted Pendulum System by Flower Pollination Algorithm

The inverted pendulum system is one of the classical unstable plants commonly used as a case study in control system design and simulation. To stabilize such system, the state feedback design is performed by calculating the appropriate feedback gains. The state feedback design can be considered as the optimization framework. In this paper, optimal state feedback design for the inverted pendulum system using the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) one of the most efficient metaheuristic optimization techniques, is proposed. Results obtained by the FPA will be compared with those obtained by the conventional design method named theAckermann's formula. As simulation results, it was found that the FPA can provide optimal feedback gains for the inverted pendulum system superior to Ackermann's formula. System responses with state feedback gains optimized by the FPA yield shorter rise time, smallerovershoot, shorter settling time and zero steady state error.
Tuning of LQR controller for an experimental inverted pendulum system based on The Bees Algorithm

Stabilizing of an inverted pendulum (IP) system is a main problem for researchers working on control theory. Balancing of an inverted pendulum system is one of the major benchmark problems in the control system community. This paper presents optimal tuning of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller with The Bees Algorithm (BA) for a linear inverted pendulum. In this paper, a metaheuristic approach which is a nature inspired search method that mimics the foraging behavior of honey bees is used for design of LQR controller to obtain optimal performance. In LQR controller design, state (Q) and control (R) weighting matrices are basic parameters of LQR which are tuning by designer using trial and error method in usually. The Bees Algorithm optimizes the weighting matrices of the LQR controller so that it can move the cart to a desired position with the minimum change in pendulum's angle from vertically upright position during the movement. The tuned LQR controller is benchmarked on the linear inverted pendulum experimental device (IP02) that is manufactured by QUANSER Company. After description of the system and The Bees Algorithm, the paper gives the experimental results obtained from the IP02 system to demonstrating the efficiency of the tuning of the LQR controller. Simulation and experimental results are given graphically to show the success of controller. As a result of the paper, the performance of LQR controller shows the effectiveness of The Bees Algorithm which is a diversity method for provide an efficient solution to conventional trial and error design approach.
Nonlinear identification of inverted pendulum system using Volterra polynomials

The inverted pendulum is one of the most significant problems in control theory and has been studied in control literatures. The nonlinear model is useful in the control design. In the present work, Volterra polynomial basis function networks have been used to identify a single inverted pendulum on a moving cart system. Here, the nonlinear model of the inverted pendulum has been implemented. The offline structure selection through orthogonal least square algorithm is used for the nonlinear system identification via the basis function selection of Volterra polynomial networks. The results show good matching between predicted and actual outputs.
Effect of shade tree planting and soil management on rehabilitation success of a 22 year old degraded cocoa (Theobroma cacao L. plantation

Since productivity of current cocoa plantations is stagnating or declining, increasing global demand for cocoa products puts pressure on tropical, primary forests to be cut for new plantations. To address this problem, sustainable increase of cocoa yield on current plantations is needed. On a 22 year old, 61 ha cocoa plantation in peninsular Malaysia, shade tree planting and soil management treatments, including targeted mineral fertilization, intense organic fertilization and combinations of these with compost application and cover crop Centrosema pubescens planting, were assessed as a rehabilitation strategy of degraded cocoa plantations with sub optimum yield. Treatment effects on cocoa yield and on proxy indicators soil fauna abundance and diversity, and soil nutrient status, was tested 3.5 years after implementation in four harvesting rounds between 28 November 2014 and 12 March 2015. Across all treatments, large differences were found in the yield of the two clones tested (PBC130 and PBC123) The effect of shade trees (mainly Musa sp. with some permanent shade trees) on yield interacted with the factor 'clone' Mean wet bean yield of PBC123 trees in full sun cultivation was 0.74 kg as compared with 1.08 kg for trees in the agroforestry system (46% increase) Mean wet bean yield of PBC130 trees, however, was 20% lower in the same agroforestry system (0.08 kg) in comparison with mean wet bean yield of trees in full sun cultivation (0.10 kg) Soil management treatments did not result in clear yield improvement as compared with common practice, control plots. However, cover crop treatment had a positive effect on proxy indicators soil nutrient status and endogeic soil fauna diversity. It is concluded that in the rehabilitation of degraded cocoa plantations, possible yield impact of applying a straightforward agroforestry system, as the one in our experiments, is high. Furthermore, it was shown that in a degraded plantation with a long history of intensive fertilization, improved soil management has little effect. Positive effects of shade trees on cocoa yield are therefore probably linked with the creation of an environment that improves cocoa crop physiology and reduces pressure of pests and diseases, rather than with the improvement of soil quality as a consequence of intercropping with trees.
How ants, birds and bats affect crop yield along shade gradients in tropical cacao agroforestry

Tropical agroforests are diverse systems where several predator groups shape animal communities and plant arthropod interactions. Ants, birds and bats in particular can reduce herbivore numbers and thereby increase crop yield. However, the relative importance of these groups, whether they interact, and how this interaction is affected by management and landscape context, is poorly understood. We jointly manipulated access of ants, birds and bats in Indonesian smallholder cacao agroforestry across gradients of shade and distance to natural forest. We quantified arthropod abundance, pest damage and yield. In control treatments, yield was highest under 30 40% canopy cover. Ant exclusion strongly reduced yield (from 600 to 300 kg ha 1 year 1) at 15% canopy cover. Bird exclusion impaired yield (from 400 to 250 kg ha 1 year 1) at 60% and enhanced yield (from 600 to 900 kg ha 1 year 1) at 15% canopy cover, while bats had no effect. Yield increased with forest proximity, a pattern not related to predator access. No interactive effects among predator exclusions on yield, pest damage and arthropod communities were found. Ant exclusion increased numbers of herbivores below 30% canopy cover, without reducing spider abundances. Bird exclusion reduced herbivore and increased spider abundances. Synthesis and applications. Using exclusion studies, we estimated that ants and birds cause cacao yield to vary between 100 and 800 kg ha 1 year 1, depending on shade tree management. In all but the most shaded agroforests, ants were pivotal in supporting yields. Yields under low canopy cover were strongly dependent on access by predator groups, with birds reducing rather than increasing yield. Hence, cacao farmers should refrain from disturbing ant communities and maintain 30 40% shade tree canopy cover not only for ecophysiological reasons but also to buffer variability in predator communities.
Compact dual band balanced bandpass filter based on double layer SIW structure

A compact dual band balanced bandpass filter with high common mode (CM) suppression is proposed. Two layers of substrate are vertically stacked to realise the miniaturisation. The first differential mode passband can be obtained by the dominant modes and the second can be achieved by utilising the higher order modes. The desired coupling coefficients of both bands are achievable by properly setting positions and sizes of the coupling slots etched on the layer interface. Meanwhile, four slotlines are etched on the bottom layer of the substrate to improve CM suppression and band to band isolation. A four order prototype is designed for demonstration. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained.
Stochastic modelling techniques for generating synthetic energy demand profiles

This paper investigates three stochastic modelling procedures for generating N (user specified) synthetic annual electricity demand profiles at one minute resolution. The paper reviews previous work in the application of HMM for synthesizing highly stochastic time series of domestic electricity demand through a sophisticated framework coalescing 480 distinct HMM. The efficiency of a proposed approach for integrating a time series deseasonalizing technique with a single HMM has been studied in parallel with a compatible stochastic modeling framework of a time series deseasonalized ARIMA model. Various statistical measures/characteristics of the real and synthetic profiles have been compared for all the three stochastic modelling procedures to identify the most efficient and practically suitable medium for generating synthetic electricity time series at a fine temporal resolution. Results have been shown for both the individual buildings and the composite (aggregated) profiles of many buildings.
Development of a multi energy residential service demand model for evaluation of prosumers' effects on current and future residential load profiles for heat and electricity

The motivation of this thesis is to develop a multi energy residential service demand (MESD) model. The approach is based on earlier modelling concepts. Electricity is simulated by the help of a first order Markov chain approach simulating pseudorandom solar irradiation data as well as occupancy patterns, which are matched to stochastically determined electric appliance activities (McKenna et al. 2015; Richardson Thomson, 2012) A lumped parameter model simulating indoor temperatures is utilized to estimate space heating (SH) demand (Nielsen, 2005) Measurement data on domestic hot water (DHW) consumption in dwellings is analysed in order to implement a DHW model. The model generates output in 1 minute resolution. It features various possibilities of dwelling customization: Among others, number of residents, building physics, electric appliances and heating regime may be adjusted. An interface providing a link to the Cambridge Housing Model (DECC, 2012) is implemented, which supports automated retrieval of relevant building parameters. Electricity and DHW demand values may also be extracted to be used for model calibration. The added value of this work is the implementation of a DHW model and the combination of above named approaches to an integrated multi energy service demand model. The electricity model is enhanced by improving the calibration mechanism and increasing electric appliance variety. The SH model is extended by random heating regime generation based on field data. The model features full year simulations incorporating seasonal effects on DHW and SH demand. In addition, seven representative archetypes have been developed, which allow for detailed investigation of load profiles for heat and electricity of representative UK dwellings. The model has a wide scope of application. It can be used to explore the impact of different dwelling configurations on load matching and grid interaction throughout the seasons. Synthetic energy service demand profiles may support research on the optimal configuration of on site supply appliances such as mCHP, PV and heat pumps. Furthermore, the model allows for drawing conclusions on the net carbon emissions of a dwelling and for assessing energy efficiency measures.
Involving Young People in Polish and Lithuanian Social Enterprises by Fostering Entrepreneurial Skills and Abilities as Entrepreneurial Opportunity at University

The paper aims to analyse theoretically and empirically the development of social entrepreneurship in Poland and Lithuania, emphasizing the development of appropriate skills and abilities gained at university as entrepreneurial opportunity.  The research undertaken for the purposes of the paper is based on a literature review and empirical research partly devoted to a situational analysis of social entrepreneurship in Poland, as well as a pilot survey of target groups pertaining to the entrepreneurial skills and abilities as entrepreneurial opportunity of Lithuanian and Polish students as potential social entrepreneurs.  The main research findings imply that despite the existence of entrepreneurial opportunity as education at university, social entrepreneurship is increasingly important in Poland. Overall support is needed for the creation of social enterprises and attracting young people to them. Empirical research based on Lithuanian and Polish studentsaEUR(tm) perception of acquiring entrepreneurial skills and abilities at university can be entrepreneurial opportunity for social entrepreneurship.  Implementing further research in the field, as empirical this research was just a pilot one. Research can be developed by taking into account more respondents in both countries.  &A ValueA  The study provides empirical evidence entrepreneurial skills and abilities gained/developed at university are a possible entrepreneurial opportunity for exploiting and creating social enterprises.
Creating wheelchair controlled video games: Challenges and opportunities when involving young people with mobility impairments and game design experts
Venue: Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud.

Although participatory design (PD) is currently the most acceptable and respectful process we have for designing technology, recent discussions suggest that there may be two barriers to the successful application of PD to the design of digital games: First, the involvement of audiences with special needs can introduce new practical and ethical challenges to the design process. Second, the use of non experts in game design roles has been criticised in that participants lack skills necessary to create games of appropriate quality. To explore how domain knowledge and user involvement influence game design, we present results from two projects that addressed the creation of movement based wheelchair controlled video games from different perspectives. The first project was carried out together with a local school that provides education for young people with special needs, where we invited students who use wheelchairs to take part in design sessions. The second project involved university students on a game development course, who do not use wheelchairs, taking on the role of expert designers. They were asked to design concepts for wheelchair controlled games as part of a final year course on game design. Our results show that concepts developed by both groups were generally suitable examples of wheelchair controlled motion based video games, but we observed differences regarding level of detail of game concepts, and ideas of disability. Additionally, our results show that the design exercise exposed vulnerabilities in both groups, outlining that the risk of practical and emotional vulnerability needs to be considered when working with the target audience as well as expert designers. First participatory study designing games for young people using wheelchairs.Reflection on relative contribution of game design expertise and experience.Explores representation of mobility disability by participants in design process.Reflection on how vulnerability of participants exposed through design process.
Marketing in SMEs: a "4Ps" self branding model

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which traditional marketing theory and practice can be applied in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and consider how owner managers perceive their own role in marketing within a small business setting.  A qualitative exploratory approach using semi structured in depth interviews amongst owner managers of SMEs in the UK.  SME marketing is effective in that it embraces some relevant concepts of traditional marketing, tailors activities to match its customers and adds its own unique attribute of self branding as bestowed by the SME owner manager.  The study was limited to the UK and to a small sample of SMEs and as such the findings are not necessarily generalisable.  A "4Ps" model for SME self branding is proposed, which encompasses the attributes of personal branding, (co)production, perseverance and practice.
The (r)evolution of wine marketing mix: From the 4Ps to the 4Es

Recently, the wine sector is developing very interesting market dynamics, both for old world countries (as regards wine) and new world ones. Furthermore, old world countries still have a product orientation, whereas new world ones have a market orientation. Starting from the 4Ps model (product, price, promotion, and place) this study develops a theoretical framework specifically for wine marketing mix. This study draws on a literature review on marketing mix variables and the role of knowledge in consumer purchase behavior to propose the 4Es formula (expertise, evaluation, education, and experience) based on a certain knowledge of the consumer/taster. Thus, an experimental marketing action applies the concept of wine marketing mix, according to the 4Es model, to a panel of consumers. The results, although with some limitations, support the relevant contribution of knowledge to the wine marketing mix.