nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of dried fruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health benefits

Dried fruits, which serve as important healthful snacks worldwide, provide a concentrated form of fresh fruits. They are nutritionally equivalent to fresh fruits in smaller serving sizes, ranging from 30 to 43 g depending on the fruit, in current dietary recommendation in different countries. Daily consumption of dried fruits is recommended in order to gain full benefit of essential nutrients, health promoting phytochemicals, and antioxidants that they contain, together with their desirable taste and aroma. Recently, much interest in the health benefits of dried fruits has led to many in vitro and in vivo (animal and human intervention) studies as well as the identification and quantification of various groups of phytochemicals. This review discusses phytochemical compositions, antioxidant efficacies, and potential health benefits of eight traditional dried fruits such as apples, apricots, dates, figs, peaches, pears, prunes, and raisins, together with dried cranberries. Novel product formulations and future perspectives of dried fruits are also discussed. Research findings from the existing literature published within the last 10 years have been compiled and summarised.
Evaluating the Performance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Safety Inspection

The potential use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAS) has come to the attention of the construction industry. However, its use still demands investigations for a better understanding of how this technology can be fitted to construction management tasks. This paper aims to evaluate the application of UAS for safety inspection on site, focus on its utility, equipment performance and risks associated with the use of that technology. For this, two case studies were performed in Brazil. Data was collected from flight tests on site for visual assets gathering and regular meetings with project personnel for feedback were held. The safety inspection analysis was based on the visualization of the safety requirements in the visual assets collected. Document analysis and interviews with project personnel and workers were performed for supporting the performance evaluation. As a result, the application of UAV could provide the visualization of 87.2% (Project A) and 58% (Project B) of the safety inspections items selected, providing detailed information for safety monitoring on jobsites. Barriers such as meteorological factors and pilot training influence the technology use for safety inspection. Further studies are under development in order to evaluate the impact of the safety inspection with the support of UAV in a systematic way.
A Statistical Analysis on Forensic Autopsies Performed in Korea in 2015

Forensic medicine is the study of researching, analyzing, and solving medical factors that pose legal problems. Thus, forensic medicine is a social medicine that contributes to individual rights, social safety, and social welfare. In the Republic of Korea, the prosecutor maintains the rights for postmortem investigations and requests a confiscation warrant for autopsy after postmortem inspections if necessary  When the court grants a confiscation warrant, most forensic autopsies in Korea are performed by the National Forensic Service. The statistical analysis of forensic autopsy data provides basic information for the postmortem investigation system and is the foundation of the statistical analysis of the cause of death. As previous analyses of forensic autopsies had limitations to regions [2 6] we studied nationwide statistical analysis on forensic autopsies performed in the Republic of Korea in 2015.  2016;40:104 118 https:/doi.org/10.7580/kjlm.2016.40.4.104
Documentary Letters of Credit, Legal Nature and Sources of Law

There is no doubt about risky nature of international trade. Such risk can be conceptualized as country risk, transportation risk, customer risk and etc. Documentary Letters of Credit (LC) are used as a method of payment in international business for many centuries in order to reduce risk of trade specially when parties are located in different countries and do not have precise information from financial standing of each other. In such occasion LC will reduce the risk of trade by shifting payment obligation from buyer as an individual to a payment guarantee of a bank as a legal entity in return for presentation of complying documents with terms of credit by seller. Familiarity with legal nature and different legal frameworks which govern the international operation of documentary letters of credit can facilitate the process of international trade for businessmen and boost national economies. However, lack of knowledge about them can impose huge losses on international traders. Situation will be more complicated when we understand that there are many internationally recognized legal frameworks which can affect the operation of LC and they get frequently updated in order to address technological and economic developments in global market. In this paper, author tries to answer questions regarding (i) what are international legal frameworks governing operation of documentary letters of credit? (ii) which areas of LC operation has been covered by them and (iii) how do they address the legal questions regarding international operation of documentary letters of credit?
General coupled mode theory in non Hermitian waveguides
Venue: 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

Coupled mode theory (CMT) can be traced back to 3 decades ago, and has been an indispensable tool of analyzing and designing waveguides, resonators, couplers or many other devices from microwave frequency to optical frequency  in both time and space domain. In the presence of loss and gain, the coupled mode equation on describing the mode hybridization of various waveguides or cavities, or cavities coupled to waveguides becomes intrinsically non Hermitian. In such non Hermitian waveguides, the conventional coupled mode theory (CCMT, see  fails.
General coupled mode theory in non Hermitian waveguides

Coupled mode theory (CMT) can be traced back to 3 decades ago, and has been an indispensable tool of analyzing and designing waveguides, resonators, couplers or many other devices from microwave frequency to optical frequency  in both time and space domain. In the presence of loss and gain, the coupled mode equation on describing the mode hybridization of various waveguides or cavities, or cavities coupled to waveguides becomes intrinsically non Hermitian. In such non Hermitian waveguides, the conventional coupled mode theory (CCMT, see  fails.
Global Vision and Strategy for Organic Farming Research

The Technology Innovation Platform of IFOAM (TIPI) has developed a vision and strategy for organic farming research to advance organic agriculture through research, development, innovation and technology transfer. TIPI's vision and strategy was finalized in February 2016. TIPI's vision recognizes that current technologies based on heavy use of external inputs that are toxic, pollute the environment and are very energy intensive come at a price. Investments in ecosystem services and the development of technologies that are productive, stable, adaptable, resilient, and fairly shared are much more likely to sustain the world's population in a rapidly changing environment. Sustainable pathways to innovation will require engagement of all stakeholders in a science driven multi disciplinary approach.
Clustering of Goods and User Profiles for Personalizing in E commerce Recommender Systems Based on Real Implicit Data
Venue: DAMDID/RCDL

The work is devoted to description of a hybrid approach to the preparation of data for electronic commerce recommender systems. The efficiency of recommendations is improved via use of various algorithms depending on what is known about the user, little or no information or it is not the first visit and the browsing history is available. In the first case our own Item Item CF method is used enabling to solve the problem of cold start. In the second case our own method User User CF is applied. Both methods are based on clustering of both explicit and implicit user data. This approach can increase the number of items in the basket in fewer clicks in comparison with the methods that do not use the implicit data. The approach applicability was confirmed via test on real data obtained from Thaisoap, an online store.
User profiling approaches for demographic recommender systems
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.

Many DRSs are available in our daily life and many online services will be more personalized if demographic data is taken into account.Unipolar or bipolar similarity measures can be used for categorical attributes profile.Treating age as a fuzzy variable improves the system performance and reflects the real life case.Results of the unified profiling approaches are almost similar with minor differences.Single attribute profiling approach brings to light the advantage of each attribute of the profile. Many of our daily life decisions rely on demographic data, which is a good indicator for closeness of people. However, the lack of these data for many online systems let them search for explicit or implicit alternatives. Among many, collaborative filtering is the alternative solutions especially for e commerce applications where many users are reluctant to disclose their demographic data. This paper explores, discusses and examines many user profiling approaches for demographic recommender systems (DRSs) These approaches span many alternatives for profiling users in terms of the attribute types, attribute representations, and the profiling way. We present layout, description, and appropriate similarity computation methods for each one of them. A detailed comparison between these different approaches is given using many experiments conducted on a real dataset. The pros and cons of each approach are illustrated for more advantage that may open a window for future work.
Neuroprotective Effects of Ezetimibe versus Simvastatin in Alzheimer's Induced Dementia: Perspectives from Female Rats. (P5.205)

To compare the potential neuroprotective effects of Ezetimibe versus Simvastatin in Alzheimer's rat model and to explore how they modify Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF 1) signaling in the brain, which play a crucial role in learning and synaptic plasticity.  Among many theories, brain insulin resistance stood out in the last decade as a new approach for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Simvastatin and Ezetimibe can provide neuroprotection through their lipid lowering actions. However, their insulin sensitizing actions can be as important as the former and has not yet been highlighted.  Forty nine female Sprague Dawely rats were allocated into seven equal groups: AD model (single unilateral ICV STZ, 3mg/kg) Sham group (single unilateral ICV 0.9 saline) Simvastatin Treated and Ezetimibe Treated groups received the same regimen as AD model plus simvastatin 10 mg/kg P.O (in the simvastatin treated group) and Ezetimibe 10 mg/kg P.O (in the Ezetimibe treated group) for 21 days. Simvastatin and Ezetimibe Control groups received simvastatin 10 mg/kg P.O and Ezetimibe 10 mg/kg P.O respectively for 21 days. Blank group was maintained on DW and standard diet. At 15th day, all animals were evaluated regarding spatial memory and learning through Morris Water Maze (MWM) and novel object recognition tests. On the 21st day, rats were scarified and brain sections were stained with Congo red and Golgi Nissel stains and blotted against Anti tau and Anti IGF 1 receptor antibodies.  Both Simvastatin and Ezetimibe showed protective effects through reducing amyloid plaques and tau aggregates and up regulating IGF 1 receptors in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. Simvastatin treated group showed better performance than Ezetimibe treated group in MWM and novel object recognition tests.  Both Simvastatin and Ezetimibe could protect against AD induced dementia, evidenced by reducing amyloid and tau proteins through up regulation of IGF 1 receptors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Disclosure: Dr. KhalafAllah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zalabia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elsayed has nothing to disclose. Dr. El Gamal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Salama has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahdy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sobh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mohamed has nothing to disclose.
From Digitization to Knowledge: Resources and Methods for Semantic Processing of Digital Works/Texts
Venue: DH

Wikipedia and related projects such as Wiktionary are widely used as resources for solving various tasks in Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics. In the area of semantics, this relates, for example, to explicit semantic analysis and topic labeling as well as to wikification, ontology mining, merging and enrichment. A central prerequisite of any such endeavor is the accurate and detailed pre processing of these resources along such tasks as automatic tagging of parts of speech and grammatical categories, disambiguation, dependency parsing, relation extraction and topic modeling. In this talk, I will address these tasks by example of the German Wikipedia. The aim is to show how they scale with the size of Wikipedia subject to its growth over time. This is done as a prerequisite for studying laws of semantic change by analyzing several consecutive stages of Wikipedia thereby giving insights into the time and space complexity of time related lexical semantic analyses. This is done from the point of view of complex network theory. We show the dependency of the entropy of lexical networks derived from Wikipedia as a function of time. This is done to get sparse representations of vector embeddings to be used for the various tasks of semantic modeling. A special focus will be on visualizing the output of such analyses with the help of the TextImager. The UIMA based TextImager automatically extracts a wide range of linguistic information from input texts to derive representational images of these texts.
Effect of obesity on cost per quality adjusted life years gained following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in elective degenerative pathology.
Venue: The spine journal official journal of the North American Spine Society

Obese patients have greater comorbidities along with higher risk of complications and greater costs after spine surgery, which may result in increased cost and lower quality of life compared with their non obese counterparts.  The aim of the present study was to determine cost utility following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in obese patients.  This study analyzed prospectively collected data. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients undergoing elective ACDF for degenerative cervical pathology at a single academic institution were included in the study.  Cost and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were the outcome measures.  One and two year medical resource utilization, missed work, and health state values (QALYs) were assessed. Two year resource use was multiplied by unit costs based on Medicare national payment amounts (direct cost) Patient and caregiver workday losses were multiplied by the self reported gross of tax wage rate (indirect cost) Total cost (direct+indirect) was used to compute cost per QALY gained. Patients were defined as obese for body mass index (BMI) =35 based on the WHO definition of class II obesity. A subgroup analysis was conducted in morbidly obese patients (BMI>=40)  There were significant improvements in pain (neck pain or arm pain) disability (Neck Disability Index) and quality of life (EuroQol 5D and Short Form 12) at 2 years after surgery (p<.001) There was no significant difference in post discharge health care resource utilization, direct cost, indirect cost, and total cost between obese and non obese patients at postoperative 1 year and 2 year follow up. Mean 2 year direct cost for obese patients was $19,225+ $8,065 and $17,635+ $6,413 for non obese patients (p=.14) There was no significant difference in the mean total 2 year cost between obese $23,144+ $9,216) and non obese $22,183+ $10,564) patients (p=.48) Obese patients had a lower mean cumulative gain in QALYs versus non obese patients at 2 years (0.34 vs. 0.42, p=.32) Two year cost utility in obese $68,070/QALY) versus non obese patients $52,816/QALY) was not significantly different (p=.11) Morbidly obese patients had lower QALYs gained (0.17) and higher cost per QALYs gained $138,094/QALY) at 2 years.  Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion provided a significant gain in health state utility in obese patients, with a mean 2 year cost utility of $68,070 per QALYs gained, which can be considered moderately cost effective. Morbidly obese patients had lower cost effectiveness; however, surgery does provide a significant improvement in outcomes. Obesity, and specifically morbid obesity, should to be taken into consideration as physician and hospital reimbursements move toward a bundled model.
Palliative ICU beds for potential organ donors: an effective use of resources based on quality adjusted life years gained.
Venue: Critical care and resuscitation journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine

To evaluate whether the admission of a palliative patient to the intensive care unit for end of life care and consideration of organ donation provides an equivalent net benefit in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with the admission of a non palliative patient for active management.  Relevant publications from the period 1995 2015 were reviewed to estimate the mean QALYs gained from ICU admission of a critically ill patient and mean QALYs gained from transplantation of solid organs from an organ donor. Australian audit data were used to estimate the likelihood of a palliative patient admitted to the ICU progressing to organ donation. We calculated probabilities of each outcome and developed an algorithm to illustrate possible pathways for a patient who may progress to organ donation.  A non palliative ICU admission provides to the patient about 1.0 QALY per ICU bed day. An ICU bed provided to a patient admitted to the ICU for palliation and consideration of organ donation results in 7.3 QALYs gained for the community per ICU bed day.  The admission of a dying patient to the ICU when organ donation may be possible is of considerable community benefit, yielding an average of over seven times the QALYs per ICU bed day compared with the average benefit for ICU patients expected to survive. When it is possible to offer end of life care in the ICU, it should not be denied on the basis of concerns about lack of benefit or inappropriate use of resources.
Sexually transmitted infections and pre exposure prophylaxis: challenges and opportunities among men who have sex with men in the US
Venue: AIDS Research and Therapy

Pre Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) has shown high efficacy in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in several large clinical trials, and more recently in "real world" reports of clinical implementation and a PrEP demonstration project. Those studies also demonstrated high bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence and raised the discussion of how PrEP may impact STI control efforts, especially in the setting of increasing Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance and the increase in syphilis cases among MSM. Here, we discuss STIs as a driver of HIV transmission risk among MSM, and the potential opportunities and challenges for STI control afforded by expanded PrEP implementation among high risk MSM.
Prevalence of Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnant Women in Low and Middle Income Countries From 2010 to 2015: A Systematic Review
Venue: Sexually transmitted diseases

Current literature comparing the prevalence rates of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnant women in various global regions is limited. As a result, antenatal screening practices for curable STIs in pregnant women, specifically Treponema pallidum (syphilis) Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) vary around the world, differing by country and particular STI.  We conducted a systematic review of publications on STI prevalence among pregnant women in 30 different low and middle income countries. We searched PubMed for studies reporting prevalence of syphilis, CT, NG, and TV in pregnant women. English language studies published between January 1, 2010, and March 1, 2015, were included. The adjusted mean STI prevalence by region was calculated via multivariable linear regression adjusting for health care setting, women's mean age, study sample size, and sensitivity of diagnostic test.  We identified 75 studies that met inclusion criteria, providing 116 point prevalence estimates for curable STIs among 3,489,621 pregnant women. Adjusted mean prevalence for NG ranged from 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 1.3) in Latin America to 4.6% (95% CI, 4.0 5.2) in Southern Africa; syphilis prevalence ranged from 1.1% (95% CI, 0.5 1.6) in Asia to 6.5% (95% CI, 4.7 6.3) in Southern Africa; CT ranged from 0.8% (95% CI, 0.4 1.1) in Asia to 11.2% (95% CI, 6.0 16.4) in Latin America; and TV ranged from 3.9% (95% CI, 2.2 5.6) in Latin America to 24.6% (95% CI, 17.9 31.4) in Southern Africa.  Although we observed a wide variation in STI burden in pregnancy after adjusting for age, test, and health care setting, further valid comparison may depend on adjustment for access to care and screening practices.
Sexually transmitted infections case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2005 2012.
Venue: Journal of infection in developing countries

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health concerns around the world. This study describes the epidemiology of reported STI cases from 2005 to 2012 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  The annual registry was the main source of data as reported by healthcare providers. Case definitions were based on positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies detectable by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot test for HIV cases. The definitions of other STIs were based on published Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions.  During the study period, 68,886 new cases were reported, with nongonococcal urethritis being the highest STI (25.4) per 100,000 population (25.4) followed by trichomoniasis (9.1) HIV (7) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (2.9) and syphilis (1.3) The cases included nongonococcal urethritis (n 35,613; 51.7% trichomoniasis (n 12,679; 18.4% gonococcal urethritis (n 3,006; 4.4% syphilis (n 1,769; 2.6% HIV (n 9,843; 14.3% genital warts (n 4,018; 5.8% genital herpes (n 1,508; 2.2% and chancroid (n 450; 0.7% Saudi contribution to HIV cases increased from 28.9% in the preceding decade to 43.5% in the current study.  Nongonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, and HIV were the most commonly reported STIs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Among a Heterogeneous Group of WSW(M)
Venue: International journal of sexual health official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health

This study explored predictors of STI screening among a heterogeneous group of women who have sex with women and men.  Following bivariate analyses, a multivariate logistic regression model was conducted to assess the relationship between testing and sociodemographic, relationship characteristics.  The majority of participants reported not receiving STI screening in the past year. Gender expression, and not sexual orientation, was a significant predictor of screening. For each increase in masculinity, participants had lower odds of receiving an STI test.  More research is needed to understand how gender expression of WSW(M) relates to preventative health behaviors.