nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual odometry driven online calibration for monocular LiDAR camera systems
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

Recently LiDAR camera systems have rapidly emerged in many applications. The integration of laser range finding technologies into existing vision systems enables a more comprehensive understanding of 3D structure of the environment. The advantage, however, relies on a good geometrical calibration between the LiDAR and the image sensors. In this paper we consider visual odometry, a discipline in computer vision and robotics, in the context of recently emerging online sensory calibration studies. By embedding the online calibration problem into a LiDAR monocular visual odometry technique, the temporal change of extrinsic parameters can be tracked and compensated effectively.
Validating a Digital Soil Map with Corn Yield Data for Precision Agriculture Decision Support

Managing variability in crop productivity is a complex challenge due to fundamental interactions between genetic potential (G) biophysical environments (E) and management (M) activities (G E M) (Ortega and Santibanez, 2007) The components of G E M are multidimensional and vary across space and time. A key PA approach taken to simplify spatial complexity is the division of fields into subfield areas, often called management zones (MZs) that are managed individually with respect to important agronomic decisions (Fridgen et al. 2004; Schepers et al. 2004; Kitchen et al. 2005; Cox and Gerard, 2007; Derby et al. 2007; Thorp et al. 2008; Moshia et al. 2014) Digital soil mapping has similar goals for partitioning the spatial variability of fundamental soil landscape factors into more uniform delineations (McBratney et al. 2003; Roberts et al. 2012) Additionally, DSM products can be used as a basis for MZs (McBratney and Minasny, 2007; Triantafilis et al. 2009; Omran 2012; Davatgar et al. 2012) Several methodologies have been introduced for developing DSMs based on soil or geophysical terrain attributes (Moore et al. 1993; Johnson et al. 2003; Kitchen et al. 2005; Mulla 2013) however, less work has been done to validate their success in PA (Bishop et al. 2001; Whelan and McBratney 2000) Therefore, methods for developing and validating DSMs across diverse agricultural crop production regions are needed. One common approach for creating MZs has been to use public soil maps, such as the NRCS SSURGO database (Ortega and Santibanez, 2007; Soil Survey Staff 2014) Th e resolution needed to develop MZs for PA, however, exceeds that typically found in SSURGO products (Robert 2002; Zhu et al. 2013) Th e challenge is that traditional soil survey methods, like SSURGO, are diffi cult and expensive to apply at fi ne resolutions because physical observations of mapped locales are required for quality control (Grunwald et al. 2011) Th us, the low resolution, publicly available DSM products have limited value in PA (Van Alphen and Stoorvogel 2000; McBratney et al. 2005; Miller 2012; Landrum et al. Validating a Digital Soil Map with Corn Yield Data for Precision Agriculture Decision Support
Do maize models capture the impacts of heat and drought stresses on yield? Using algorithm ensembles to identify successful approaches.
Venue: Global change biology

Stresses from heat and drought are expected to increasingly suppress crop yields, but the degree to which current models can represent these effects is uncertain. Here we evaluate the algorithms that determine impacts of heat and drought stress on maize in 16 major maize models by incorporating these algorithms into a standard model, the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) and running an ensemble of simulations. Although both daily mean temperature and daylight temperature are common choice of forcing heat stress algorithms, current parameterizations in most models favor the use of daylight temperature even though the algorithm was designed for daily mean temperature. Different drought algorithms (i.e. a function of soil water content, of soil water supply to demand ratio, and of actual to potential transpiration ratio) simulated considerably different patterns of water shortage over the growing season, but nonetheless predicted similar decreases in annual yield. Using the selected combination of algorithms, our simulations show that maize yield reduction was more sensitive to drought stress than to heat stress for the US Midwest since the 1980s, and this pattern will continue under future scenarios; the influence of excessive heat will become increasingly prominent by the late 21st century. Our review of algorithms in 16 crop models suggests that the impacts of heat and drought stress on plant yield can be best described by crop models that: (i) incorporate event based descriptions of heat and drought stress, (ii) consider the effects of nighttime warming, and (iii) coordinate the interactions among multiple stresses. Our study identifies the proficiency with which different model formulations capture the impacts of heat and drought stress on maize biomass and yield production. The framework presented here can be applied to other modeled processes and used to improve yield predictions of other crops with a wide variety of crop models.
Effect of dried nut fortification on functional, physicochemical, textural, and microbiological properties of yogurt.
Venue: Journal of dairy science

In this study, walnut, hazelnut, almond, or pistachio were incorporated to produce functional yogurts. The effects on physicochemical and instrumental textural characteristics and syneresis, contents of folic acid, selenium, tocopherols, and n 3 and n 6 (omega) fatty acids, and viable counts of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were evaluated during storage. Fortified yogurts demonstrated higher protein and total solid contents and lower syneresis compared with control yogurt on d 21. Addition of nuts, except walnut, also increased S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus counts. The concentrations of folic acid, a tocopherol, selenium, and n 3 and n 6 fatty acids were higher in fortified yogurts compared with the levels found in the respective nut types. However, a decreasing trend was observed in all components during storage. Consequently, each nut could be incorporated into yogurt because of a specific functional property. For instance, walnut could be preferred for omega acid enrichment.
Understanding the Effective Receptive Field in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Venue: NIPS

We study characteristics of receptive fields of units in deep convolutional networks. The receptive field size is a crucial issue in many visual tasks, as the output must respond to large enough areas in the image to capture information about large objects. We introduce the notion of an effective receptive field size, and show that it both has a Gaussian distribution and only occupies a fraction of the full theoretical receptive field size. We analyze the effective receptive field in several architecture designs, and the effect of sub sampling, skip connections, dropout and nonlinear activations on it. This leads to suggestions for ways to address its tendency to be too small.
Sharing instructors experience of learning management system: A technology perspective of user satisfaction in distance learning course
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

The use of educational technology increased rapidly in higher education. Learning Management System (LMS) is the most popular educational technology system used in distance learning. There are only a few studies have been carried out to measure instructors satisfaction in distance learning courses, although instructors satisfaction is considered as very important for the course involvement and increasing the students interactions with the course content. Hence, this study proposed a detailed framework to measure instructors' satisfaction of using LMS. The findings prove that perceived usefulness and service quality are taking the highest share on affecting the instructor satisfactions. This study limited to higher education's instructors and used a questionnaire survey to collect the data. Hence, the LMS should be designed based on the needs of the instructors as well as the students, by adopting the latest technologies. In the contrary, building LMS without taking the instructors' satisfaction into account will affect negatively the distance learning course outcomes. An instructors satisfaction model built as an epitome of previous research in the field.The critical success factors that influencing the instructors satisfaction are identified.Evaluation criteria that reveal the effectiveness of LMS is discussed.Universities must satisfying instructors needs by providing supported technology.Designing the LMS based on instructors needs and latest technologies is essential.
Stomach development, stem cells and disease
Venue: Development

The stomach, an organ derived from foregut endoderm, secretes acid and enzymes and plays a key role in digestion. During development, mesenchymal epithelial interactions drive stomach specification, patterning, differentiation and growth through selected signaling pathways and transcription factors. After birth, the gastric epithelium is maintained by the activity of stem cells. Developmental signals are aberrantly activated and stem cell functions are disrupted in gastric cancer and other disorders. Therefore, a better understanding of stomach development and stem cells can inform approaches to treating these conditions. This Review highlights the molecular mechanisms of stomach development and discusses recent findings regarding stomach stem cells and organoid cultures, and their roles in investigating disease mechanisms.  This Review highlights the molecular mechanisms of stomach development and discusses recent findings regarding stomach stem cells and organoid cultures, and their roles in investigating stomach diseases.
Rainfall Runoff Processes and Modeling: The Case of Meja Watershed in the Upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia

Understanding the basic relationships among rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, and groundwater level are vital for effective and sustainable water resources planning and management. The current study was conducted to understand the dynamics of the hydrological processes and model rainfall runoff relationship in Meja watershed in the Upper Blue Nile River Basin of Ethiopia. Meja watershed is part of the three research sites of the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) developed in early 2010. The study utilized primary data of soil moisture, shallow groundwater level, rainfall and runoff collected from the hydrological monitoring networks in the watershed. Hydrological models, Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) and Rainfall Runoff Library Soil Moisture Accounting and Routing (RRL SMAR) were configured to understand the relationship between rainfall and runoff in the watershed. Relationships among rainfall, runoff, soil moisture, and groundwater level were developed to understand the dynamics of hydrological processes in the watershed.
Risk Factors for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Associated With Dual rod Growing rod Surgery for Early onset Scoliosis
Venue: Clinical spine surgery

Study  retrospective, multicenter study. To identify risk factors for proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) when treating early onset scoliosis (EOS) with dual rod growing rod (GR) procedure. The risk factors for PJK associated with GR treatment for EOS have not been adequately studied. We evaluated clinical and radiographic results from 88 patients with EOS who underwent dual rod GR surgery in 12 spine centers in Japan. The mean age at the time of the initial surgery was 6.5+ 2.2 years (range, 1.5 9.8 y) and the mean follow up period was 3.9+ 2.6 years (range, 2.0 12.0 y) Risk factors for PJK were analyzed by binomial multiple logistic regression analysis. The potential factors analyzed were sex, etiology, age, the number of rod lengthening procedures, coronal and sagittal parameters on radiographs, the type of foundation (pedicle screws or hooks) the uppermost level of the proximal foundation, and the lowermost level of the distal foundation. PJK developed in 23 patients (26% in 19 of these, the proximal foundation became dislodged following PJK. Binomial multiple logistic regression analysis identified the following significant independent risk factors for PJK: a lower instrumented vertebra at or cranial to L3 [odds ratio (OR) 3.32] a proximal thoracic scoliosis of =40 degrees (OR, 2.95) and a main thoracic kyphosis of =60 degrees (OR, 5.08) The significant independent risk factors for PJK during dual rod GR treatment for EOS were a lower instrumented vertebra at or cranial to L3, a proximal thoracic scoliosis of =40 degrees, and a main thoracic kyphosis of =60 degrees.
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Venue: Asian spine journal

Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common radiographic finding after long spinal fusion. A number of studies on the causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment of PJK have been conducted. However, no clear definition of PJK has been established. In this paper, we aimed to clarify the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of PJK by reviewing relevant papers that have been published to date. A literature search was conducted on PubMed using "proximal junctional" "proximal junctional kyphosis" and "proximal junctional failure" as search keywords. Only studies that were published in English were included in this study. The incidence of PJK ranges from 5% to 46% and it has been reported that 66% of cases occur 3 months after surgery and approximately 80% occur within 18 months. A number of studies have reported that there is no significantly different clinical outcome between PJK patients and non PJK patients. One study showed that PJK patients expressed more pain than non PJK patients. However, recent studies focused on proximal junctional failure (PJF) which is accepted as a severe form of PJK. PJF showed significant adverse impact in clinical aspect such as pain, neurologic deficit, ambulatory difficulties, and social isolation. Numerous previous studies have identified various risk factors and reported on the treatment and prevention of PJK. Based on these studies, we determined the clinical significance and impact of PJK. In addition, it is important to find a strategic approach to the proper treatment of PJK.
A retrospective study to reveal the effect of surgical correction of cervical kyphosis on thoraco lumbo pelvic sagittal alignment
Venue: European Spine Journal

PurposeRecent studies suggest that cervical lordosis is influenced by thoracic kyphosis and that T1 slope is a key factor determining cervical sagittal alignment. However, no previous study has investigated the influence of cervical kyphosis correction on the remaining spinopelvic balance. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of surgical correction of cervical kyphosis on thoraco lumbo pelvic alignment.MethodsFifty five patients who underwent =2 level cervical fusions for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy were included. All patients had regional or global cervical kyphosis, which was surgically corrected into lordosis. Radiographic measurements were made using whole spine standing lateral radigraphs pre and postoperatively to analyze various sagittal parameters. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for neck pain and the neck disability index (NDI) were calculated. The paired t test was used to compare pre and post operative radiographic measures and functional scores. Correlations between changes in cervical sagittal parameters and those of other sagittal parameters were analyzed by Pearson's correlation method.ResultsPreoperative kyphosis (11.4deg 8.3deg) was corrected into lordosis 9.3deg 8.1deg) The average fusion levels were 3.3 1.0. With increasing C2 C7 lordosis after surgery (from 3.4deg 10.0deg to 15deg 7.9deg) C0 C2 lordosis decreased significantly (from 34.6deg 8.2deg to 27.7deg 8.0deg) (P 0.001) Thoracic kyphosis (from 24.8 13.9deg to 33.5 11.9deg) and T1 slope (from 12.8deg 7.9deg to 20.4deg 5.2deg) significantly increased after surgery (P 0.001) However, other parameters did not significantly change (P 0.05) Neck pain VAS and NDI scores (31.8 16.2) significantly improved (P 0.001) The degree of increasing C2 C7 lordosis by surgical correction was negatively correlated with changes in both thoracic kyphosis and T1 slope (P 0.01).ConclusionsSurgical correction of cervical kyphosis affects T1 slope and thoracic kyphosis, but not lumbo pelvic alignment. These results indicate that the compensatory mechanisms to minimize positive sagittal malalignment of the head may occur mainly in the thoracic, and not in the lumbosacral spine.
Outcomes of Spinal Fusion for Cervical Kyphosis in Children with Neurofibromatosis.
Venue: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume

Cervical kyphosis may occur with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) and is often associated with vertebral dysplasia. Outcomes of cervical spinal fusion in patients with NF1 are not well described because of the rarity of the condition. We aimed to (1) characterize the clinical presentation of cervical kyphosis and (2) report the outcomes of posterior and anteroposterior cervical fusion for the condition in these children.  The medical records and imaging studies of 22 children with NF1 who had undergone spinal fusion for cervical kyphosis (mean, 67deg) at a mean age of 11 years and who had been followed for a minimum of 2 years were reviewed.  Thirteen children presented with neck pain; 10, with head tilt; 9, with a previous cervical laminectomy or fusion; and 5, with a neurologic deficit. Two patients had spontaneous dislocation of the mid cervical spine without a neurologic deficit. Eleven had scoliosis, with the major curve measuring a mean of 61deg. Nine patients underwent posterior and 13 underwent anteroposterior surgery. Twenty one received spinal instrumentation, and 1 was not treated with instrumentation. Preoperative halo traction was used for 9 patients, and it reduced the mean preoperative kyphosis by 34% (p 0.0059) At the time of final follow up, all spinal fusion sites had healed and the cervical kyphosis averaged 21deg (mean correction, 69% p 0.001) The cervical kyphosis correction was significantly better after the anteroposterior procedures (83% than after the posterior only procedures (58% (p 0.031) Vertebral dysplasia and erosion continued in all 17 patients who had presented with dysplasia preoperatively. Thirteen patients had complications, including 5 new neurologic deficits and 8 cases of junctional kyphosis. Nine patients required revision surgery. Junctional kyphosis was more common in children in whom =5 levels had been fused (p 0.054) CONCLUSIONS Anteroposterior surgery provided better correction of cervical kyphosis than posterior spinal fusion in children with NF1. Erosion of vertebral bodies continued during the postoperative follow up period in all patients who had presented with dysplastic changes preoperatively. The cervical spine should be screened in all children with NF1. Fusion should include at least 6 levels to prevent junctional kyphosis.
A Comparison of Four Character Level String to String Translation Models for (OCR) Spelling Error Correction
Venue: Prague Bull. Math. Linguistics

We consider the isolated spelling error correction problem as a specific subproblem of the more general string to string translation problem. In this context, we investigate four general string to string transformation models that have been suggested in recent years and apply them within the spelling error correction paradigm. In particular, we investigate how a simple 'k best decoding plus dictionary lookup' strategy performs in this context and find that such an approach can significantly outdo baselines such as edit distance, weighted edit distance, and the noisy channel Brill and Moore model to spelling error correction. We also consider elementary combination techniques for our models such as language model weighted majority voting and center string combination. Finally, we consider real world OCR post correction for a dataset sampled from medieval Latin texts.
Circumplex Model of Affect: A Measure of Pleasure and Arousal During Virtual Reality Distraction Analgesia.
Venue: Games for health journal

Immersive virtual reality (VR) distraction provides clinically effective pain relief and increases subjective reports of "fun" in medical settings of procedural pain. The goal of this study was to better describe the variable of "fun" associated with VR distraction analgesia using the circumplex model (pleasure/arousal) of affect.  Seventy four healthy volunteers (mean age, 29 years; 37 females) received a standardized, 18 minute, multimodal pain sequence (alternating thermal heat and electrical stimulation to distal extremities) while receiving immersive, interactive VR distraction. Subjects rated both their subjective pain intensity and fun using 0 10 Graphic Rating Scales, as well as the pleasantness of their emotional valence and their state of arousal on 9 point scales.  Compared with pain stimulation in the control (baseline, no VR) condition, immersive VR distraction significantly reduced subjective pain intensity (P 0.001) During VR distraction, compared with those reporting negative affect, subjects reporting positive affect did so more frequently (41 percent versus 9 percent) as well as reporting both greater pain reduction (22 percent versus 1 percent) and fun scores (7.0 1.9 versus 2.4 1.4) Several factors lower anxiety, greater fun, greater presence in the VR environment, and positive emotional valence were associated with subjective analgesia during VR distraction.  Immersive VR distraction reduces subjective pain intensity induced by multimodal experimental nociception. Subjects who report less anxiety, more fun, more VR presence, and more positive emotional valence during VR distraction are more likely to report subjective pain reduction. These findings indicate VR distraction analgesia may be mediated through anxiolytic, attentional, and/or affective mechanisms.
KONUT TALEBI VE ERZURUM KENT MERKEZINDE TUKETICILERIN KONUT EDINME KARARLARINI ETKILEYEN FAKTORLER

Bu calismanin temel amaci Erzurum kent merkezinde ikamet eden tuketicilerin konut edinme kararlarini etkileyen faktorlerin belirlenmesidir. Arastirmada betimsel tarama modeli kullanilmistir. Erzurum'da konut talebini belirlemeye yonelik olarak anket formu kullanilmistir. Anket formlarinin olusturulmasinda literatur taramasindan faydalanilmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini Erzurum ilinde yasayan ve konut satin almayi dusunen bireyler olusturmaktadir. Arastirmada basit tesadufi orneklem yontemi kullanilarak 640 kisiye ulasilabilmistir. Arastirmada veri analizi SPSS 16 paket programinda yapilmistir. Veri analizinde tanimlayici istatistiklerden ve iliski testlerinden faydalanilmistir. Alt amaclarin tespitinde ANOVA ve t testlerinden faydalanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda bireylerin konut satin almalarinda fiyat, muteahhit firmanin guvenirliligi, konutun guvenlikli sitede olmasi, konutun buyuklugu, kullanilan malzemenin kalitesi, konutun merkeze yakinligi, konutun saglamligi ve ferah olmasi gibi faktorlerin onemli oldugu tespit edilmistir.