nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Parallel Unevenly Heated Minichannels During Flow Boiling of R134A

Transient pressure drop of individual channels during flow boiling of R134a in four 0.54 mm square parallel minichannels was experimentally studied in this work. The design of the test section enabled the experimenter to control and to vary heat flux independently in each channel in the range from 3.82 to 18.66 kW/m2 at five different overall flow rates from 86 to 430 kg/m2 s. Flow rate fluctuation in parallel channels due to the formation of bubbles under the nonuniform heat flux conditions caused significant oscillations in local pressure drop. Statistical analysis indicated that the pressure drop signal was normally distributed when boiling was stable with no incoming flow disturbance. Pressure drop distribution was highly skewed and multimodal when significant evaporation rate at low mass fluxes led to rapid annular flow formation, reducing the free flow of incoming fluid. Cross correlation analysis revealed a strong interaction between minichannels having the highest heat flux difference among the set of channels. The least heated channel was more sensitive to the fluctuations in other channels. Cross correlation between the most heated channel and the adiabatic one was estimated to be 39% when the total flow rate was the lowest, 86 kg/m2 s. The power of the relationship between channels dropped significantly as the flow rate increased. Less than 5% of data points could be considered cross correlated at the highest flow rate of 430 kg/m2 s. Increasing the two phase pressure drop across each channel caused higher resistance to the incoming disturbances and led to less interchannel interaction. This study of the channels interaction in a system of parallel, nonuniformly heated minichannels can be used as a tool to identify and quantify instabilities and reversed flow conditions.
Fuzzy Optimal Solution for Fully Fuzzy Linear Programming Problems Using Hexagonal Fuzzy Numbers

The fuzzy set theory has been applied in many fields such as management, engineering and almost in every business enterprise as well as day to day activities. In this paper fully fuzzy linear programming problems with hexagonal fuzzy numbers were discussed. A new approach for solving fully fuzzy linear programming problems (FFLPP) is proposed, based upon the new Ranking function, which is divided as two Trapezoidal and average values of the same were taken. This paper compares the three different ranking functions by solving some FFLLP problems which are tabulated.
Clinical practice guidelines for ultrasound elastography: prostate
Venue: Journal of Medical Ultrasonics

The details of the principles of the elastography currently used in the clinical field are shown in Table 1, largely divided into strain imaging and shear wave imaging  Strain imaging can be strain elastography (SE) in which the tissue is manually compressed and deformed to measure and assess the generated strain, or acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, in which the displacement of the tissue generated by the acoustic radiation force from ultrasound is imaged. Shear wave imaging involves generating shear waves in the body and calculating the elasticity of the tissue from the propagation velocity; this is, in many cases, shear wave elastography (SWE) in which the acoustic radiation force is used for the generation of the shear waves. Distortion represents the elasticity with respect to a static deformation, while the propagation of shear waves represents the deformation in the band of the shear waves (up to 1 kHz) it is understood that the elasticities assessed by SE and SWE are not necessarily the same, in that the influence from viscosity is included as well as that of elasticity.
Robust stabilization of positive linear systems via sliding positive control

In this paper a robust control is proposed for a family of positive and compartmental systems. Sufficient conditions are provided for the stabilization of this kind of systems by using sliding mode theory. The construction of a stabilizing hyperplane with a sliding dynamics is detailed and the feasibility of the method is discussed. The method is illustrated with three examples. The first one is a two dimensional system which is used only to show the details about the computation, the construction of the stabilizing hyperplane and the robustness of the control. Complementary, the last two are actual interesting cases of biomedical systems and they show potential applications about the stabilization and closed loop performance. It should be noted that these biomedical systems arise as a current class of dynamical systems with interesting challenges for the process control.
Double robust and efficient estimation of a prognostic model for events in the presence of dependent censoring.
Venue: Biostatistics

In longitudinal data arising from observational or experimental studies, dependent subject drop out is a common occurrence. If the goal is estimation of the parameters of a marginal complete data model for the outcome, biased inference will result from fitting the model of interest with only uncensored subjects. For example, investigators are interested in estimating a prognostic model for clinical events in HIV positive patients, under the counterfactual scenario in which everyone remained on ART (when in reality, only a subset had) Inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) is a popular method that relies on correct estimation of the probability of censoring to produce consistent estimation, but is an inefficient estimator in its standard form. We introduce sequentially augmented regression (SAR) an adaptation of the Bang and Robins (2005. Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models. Biometrics 61, 962 972. method to estimate a complete data prediction model, adjusting for longitudinal missing at random censoring. In addition, we propose a closely related non parametric approach using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE; van der Laan and Rubin, 2006. Targeted maximum likelihood learning. The International Journal of Biostatistics 2 (1) Article 11) We compare IPCW, SAR, and TMLE (implemented parametrically and with Super Learner) through simulation and the above mentioned case study.
A Novel Missense Mutation 224G>T (R75M) in SRY Coding Region Interferes with Nuclear Import and Results in 46, XY Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis
Venue: PloS one

SRY mutation caused sex reversal is a rare disease and mostly associated with a de novo mutation since the patients with defective SRY is infertile. There are many reports about SRY mutation associated 46, XY ovarian disorder of sex development (DSD) but few described their molecular mechanism. Here we report a de novo mutation 224G>T (R75M) in SRY associated with a phenotypic female, 46, XY karyotype and dysgerminoma. The wild and mutated SRY were cloned into recombinant plasmid and expressed in cells in vitro, the result showed the mutated SRY is greatly accumulated in cytoplasm while the wild type SRY is mostly localized in nucleus. To make sure no other genes were involved, we performed the trio based whole exome sequencing using the DNA samples from the proband and the parents, and no mutations were identified especially in DHH, NR0B1, NR5A1, SOX9 and MAP3K1, indicating the de novo mutation in SRY is the single defect responsible for the female sex reversal. We also used bioinformatics simulation analysis to predict impact of the mutation on SRY function, and find the R75 in wild type SRY can form a hydrogen bond with serine at 91 (S91) that make the SRY protein well fit into the minor groove of target DNA, while the M75 in the mutated SRY can't. Finally, we reviewed SRY mutations based on the available references and analyzed the mutation distribution patterns according to density and continuity, which may be useful for further study of the SRY structure, function, and its relatedness with DSD.
Political entrepreneurs, clientelism, and civil society: supply side politics in Turkey

How do citizens in developing democracies launch political careers? Despite the large literature on electoral politics in developing countries, we know surprisingly little about how individuals become political candidates. This article examines an important mechanism of political recruitment in developing democracies: party civil society organization (CSO) linkages. Existing theories treat CSOs as arenas of civic participation rather than as political agents in their own right, which leads scholars to overlook their impact on electoral competition. This article argues that the distinct resource portfolios of CSOs influence their relative impact on candidate selection, and consequently, local politics. CSOs that represent the material interests of their constituents, such as resource rich business groups and vote rich identity groups, have significant influence over candidate selection. Issue oriented CSOs tend to have less impact. Party CSO relations often facilitate clientelist linkages between parties and voters, weakening democratic governance. Evidence is provided with an in depth case study of CSO political party relations in the industrial periphery of Istanbul, Turkey.
Social enterprise as a bottom up dynamic: part 1. The reaction of civil society to unmet social needs in Italy, Sweden and Japan

Over the past decades, social enterprises have been acknowledged as key welfare actors in several EU countries. In spite of the dramatic research devoted to exploring them, several issues concerning the definition, drivers and roles played by policies in sustaining social enterprise growth are still highly contested. Drawing on the papers published in this Monographic section, the introduction to this issue reconstructs the debate that has accompanied the emergence and development of social enterprises with a view to providing evidence of the advantages of collective participation for social enterprise emergence and growth. Next, the introduction pays attention to the factors that have led to the emergence and success of social enterprises as a form of self organization of civil society; and briefly describes the papers included in this issue.
Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Students

The study aims to investigate the factors influencing students' academic performance.  This study uses ex post facto research design. An instrument measuring students' academic performance has been used to collect data from the management students.  The study revealed that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of learning facilities, communication skills and proper guidance from parents on student academic performance.  The study attempts to identify factors other than traditionally studied. Key Words Student's perspective, student performance, learning facilities and communication skills.  Empirical research paper Subjec t Management
Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Nursing Undergraduates in a University, Sri Lanka A Pilot Study

Students are the key assets of any educational institute including universities. The students' performance plays an important role in producing the best quality graduates and is directly linked with social and economic development of any country. Nursing programs across the world use a variety of measures to determine the academic performance of nursing students including grade point average. Empirical studies have proven that numerous factors affected academic performance of nursing students. To determine academic and non academic factors related to academic performance of nursing undergraduates in a selected university in Sri Lanka. The secondary data include academic and non academic data and the final grade point average of randomly selected 52 nursing graduates of department of nursing was included in this pilot study. Age, gender and religion were considered as non academic factors while Z score in the General Certificate Examination Advanced Level (GCE A/L) which is the pre admission qualification was considered as an academic factor. All data were retrieved from the student data base of the department/faculty. Administrative permission has been granted from the Head of the Department and the Dean of the Faculty. Majority of the students (71.2% was female and all students were Sinhalese. The mean grade point average of female and male students were 2.88 (SD 0.220) and 2.61 (SD 0.204) respectively. Female students had a higher grade point averages than male students (P 0.05) Pearson correlation analysis showed that final grade point average was positively correlated (P 0.05) with gender (r 0.483) while negatively correlated with age (r 0.294) and Z score (r 0.330) In regression analysis, only gender and Z score were found to be significantly associated with the final grade point average. Nurse educators, administrators and policy makers may consider these variables in the admission and selection of nursing students.
Factors Affecting Academic Performance of Architecture Students in Nigerian Private Universities

The role of higher education in the development of nations is well acknowledged. Successful completion of educational pursuits is usually determined by acceptable standard of academic performance. Poor academic performance will often lead to students' dropping out of school, waste of resources and frustration of both students and their parents. There have been serious concerns over the decline in academic performance of students in higher institutions in many parts of the world, including Nigeria. Consequently, the factors determining academic performance of architecture students in selected Nigerian private universities are investigated in this study. This has been necessitated by increasing number of private universities offering architectural training in Nigeria, the challenges they often face and their high financial burden on parents. The survey method was adopted to obtain quantitative data from students in selected schools using structured questionnaire. Data was subjected to both descriptive and principal components analysis (PCA) of factor analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20) Results indicate that determinants of academic performance are multi faceted and include learning environment, parents' characteristics and level of study, ethnic group, mother's occupation and source of counseling, students' personal characteristics, learning resources, parents' profession, gender of students and their receipt of counseling services. The paper thus recommends that institutions should strive to provide conducive learning environments including cordial student/lecturer relationships in order to enhance students' academic performance. Findings of the study are expected to provide both government and the universities empirical evidence that will guide policies and reforms aimed at improving the academic performance of architecture students in Nigerian private universities.
Educational data mining and its role in determining factors affecting students academic performance: A systematic review
Venue: 2016 1st India International Conference on Information Processing (IICIP)

Education helps people develop as individuals. It not only helps build social skills but also enhances the problem solving and decision making skills of individuals. With the growing number of schools, colleges and universities around the globe, education now has taken new dimension. The main focus of higher Educational Institutes is to improve the overall quality and effectiveness of education. Predicting the performance of student and Predicting the Future in this world of Big Data is the need of Today in Education. The crude data from educational organizations act as a gold mine which facilitate the analysts and designers to make a system that will improve the overall teaching and learning process. This new field coined as Educational Data mining helps in Predicting the Future and Changing the Future. In this paper we have studied what is Educational Data Mining and what are the Application areas of EDM, various techniques of EDM and the factors affecting the students' Academic Performance and the Teaching Learning process.
Adicion a la distribucion de Cissites maculata (Swederus 1787) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) en el Peru.

espanolSe examinan ejemplares de ambos sexos de Cissites maculata (Swederus 1787) coleoptero meloideo americano de amplia distribucion, y se sintetiza el conocimiento de su distribucion en el Peru, anadiendo un nuevo registro regional. Se comentan datos sobre su asociacion con algunas especies de Xylocopa Latreille 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) aspectos relacionados con sus areas de distribucion y observaciones sobre la escasez de registros en el Peru. EnglishSpecimens of both sexes of Cissites maculata (Swederus 1787) a widely distributed American blister beetle, are examined and the knowledge of its distribution in Peru is synthesized, also adding a new regional record. Data on its associations with some species of Xylocopa Latreille 1804 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) issues related to its distribution and observations on the lack of records in Peru are discussed.
A New Soft Robot Control Method: Using Model Predictive Control for a Pneumatically Actuated Humanoid
Venue: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine

Traditional rigid robots, such as those used in manufacturing, have been effective at precise, accurate, rapid motions in well structured environments for many decades now. However, they operate largely behind cages due to the danger of injury when moving in close proximity to people. A significant and recent shift in robotics involves trading rigid links and rigid actuators for soft, deformable links and compliant actuators. These soft robots generally have lower inertia and avoid many of the problems caused by the high effective inertia resulting from the high gear ratios necessary for rigid robots.
Identification of natural products as modulators of OATP2B1 using LC MS/MS to quantify OATP mediated uptake
Venue: Pharmaceutical biology

Organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) which is highly expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes could be a key determinant for the intestinal absorption and hepatic uptake of its substrate drugs. Natural products are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, foods, and beverages.  The objective of this study is to determine the OATP2B1 mediated drug interactions that could occur between natural products and OATP2B1 substrate drugs.  Human OATP2B1 was transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and characterized by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and uptake assay. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) methods for detecting OATP2B1 substrates estrone 3 sulfate (E3S) and three statins had been developed and were employed to investigate the effects of 27 frequently used natural products on the function of OATP2B1. Uptake of 5 mM E3S and 1 mM statins in the absence or presence of natural products was measured at 37 degC for 2 min with empty vector and OATP2B1 transfected HEK293 cells. The IC50 values of inhibitors for OATP2B1 mediated 5 mM E3S uptake were determined.  Our results showed that mulberrin, scutellarin, quercetin, and glycyrrhetinic acid were strong inhibitors of OATP2B1 mediate E3S uptake with IC50 values being 1.8, 2.0, 7.5, and 13.0 mM, which were comparable with their plasma concentrations in clinical trials. They also inhibited OATP mediated uptake of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, and rosuvastatin. These results indicated that clinically relevant drug interactions could occur between these natural compounds and OATP2B1 substrate drugs.  The information obtained from this study might be helpful to predict and to avoid potential OATP2B1 mediated drug interactions.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetics of sixteen Angelicae dahurica coumarins in vivo by LC ESI MS/MS following oral delivery in rats.
Venue: Phytomedicine international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

The roots of Angelica dahurica cv. Qibaizhi is frequently used in clinical practice as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, a comprehensive study of the pharmacokinetics of this medicine has not been carried out.  A sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic tandem mass (LC MS/MS) spectrometric method was established to investigate pharmacokinetics of sixteen coumarins of Angelicae dahuricae Radix (ADR) in rat plasma, including xanthotoxol (1) oxypeucedanin hydrate (2) 5 hydroxy 8 methoxypsoralen (3) marmesin (4) byakangelicin (5) columbianetin (6) psoralen (7) xanthotoxin (8) neobyakangelicol (9) isoimpinellin (10) bergapten (11) heraclenin (12) oxypeucedanin ethanolate (13) imperatorin (14) phellopterin (15) isoimperatorin (16) Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction mode (MRM)  The method established in this assay was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of the selected coumarins in rat plasma after oral administration of the extract of ADR, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of sixteen coumarins were clearly elucidated.  This pharmacokinetic identification of multiple coumarins of ADR in rats provides a significant basis for better understanding the metabolic mechanism of the herb medicine.
Simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids and seven alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet by LC ESI MS/MS.
Venue: Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

A rapid, sensitive and selective high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and ferulic acid) and seven alkaloids (berberine, epiberberine, coptisine, magnoflorine, berberubine, palmatine and jatrorrhizine) in rat plasma. After mixing with the internal standards tetrahydropalmatine (IS1) and rosmarinic acid (IS2) plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. The HPLC analysis was performed on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 (4.6 mmx100 mm, 1.8 mm) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min( 1) The detection was accomplished for the analytes and internal standards using positive electrospray ionization for the alkaloids and negative electrospray ionization for the phenolic acids in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r(2)>0.99) The lower limit of quantification of seven alkaloids was lower than 2 ng mL( 1) and that of four phenolic acids was less than 20 ng mL( 1) The developed method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of 11 components after oral administration of traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Jinqi Jiangtang Tablet in rats.
Selective responsiveness: Online public demands and government responsiveness in authoritarian China.
Venue: Social science research

The widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has reshaped the public sphere in the digital era, making online forums a new channel for political participation. Using big data analytics of full records of citizen government interactions from 2008 to early 2014 on a nationwide political forum, we find that authoritarian China is considerably responsive to citizens' demands with a rapid growth of response rate; however, government responsiveness is highly selective, conditioning on actors' social identities and the policy domains of their online demands. Results from logistic and duration models suggest that requests which made by local citizens, expressed collectively, focused on the single task issue, and are closely related to economic growth are more likely to be responded to. These strategies adopted by Chinese provincial leaders reveal the scope and selectivity of authoritarian responsiveness.