nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring phase changes in supercooled aqueous solutions using an optical fiber Fresnel reflection sensor.
Venue: Optics express

We report on a technique for monitoring the crystallization of water and aqueous solution of NaCl at atmospheric pressure, when cooled via liquid nitrogen, using a Fresnel reflection based optical fiber sensor. The crystallization of distilled water and the associated changes in refractive index inferred from the sensor response comply with the previous reports on physical properties of supercooled water. The phase separation of NaCl.2H2O and the formation of eutectic mixture were inferred from the distinct features of the sensor signal during the cooling of NaCl solution. But the thermocouple did not detect the exothermic heat of crystallization due to rapid cooling. The influence of temperature gradients while interpreting the optical signals during this rapid cooling process and the effects of sensor debonding during the heating phase are discussed. The results demonstrate the potential of Fresnel sensors for monitoring the crystallization induced phase changes in supercooled salt solutions and offers applications in areas where monitoring and controlling crystallization is important.
Multipoint chemical vapor measurement by zeolite thin film coated Fresnel reflection based fiber sensors with an Array Waveguide Grating

A simple multipoint volatile organic compounds (VOC) measurement by zeolite thin film coated Fresnel reflection based fiber sensor with an Array Waveguide Grating (AWG) is proposed and demonstrated. The sensor comprise a polycrystalline silicalite thin film grown up on the cleaved end face of single mode fiber. The chemical vapors concentration is measured by monitoring the reflection intensity, which is a function of the molecular adsorption in the crystalline micro porous structure. Multipoint measurement is achieved by an AWG with 16 channels. Four of the 16 channels has been connected to the sensing channels as representative. The proposed VOC sensor performed with the sensitivity from 0.015 to 3.9 x 10 3 dB/ppm in the concentration range from 0 to 550 ppm.
Radiative Transfer Equation with Fresnel Reflection and Refraction Conditions in a System of Bodies with Piecewise Smooth Boundaries

We consider the boundary value problem for the radiative transfer equation with mirror reflection and refraction conditions subject to the Fresnel laws in a system of bodies with piecewise smooth boundaries. In the case of data in the complete scale of Lebesgue spaces, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution. We obtain estimates for the solution and study the conjugate problem.
Combined surgical intervention with vagus nerve stimulation following corpus callosotomy in patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome
Venue: Acta Neurochirurgica

BackgroundLennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a drug resistant pediatric epilepsy characterized by multiple seizure types, including drop attacks (DAs) Palliative procedures such as corpus callosotomy (CC) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may be effective for adequate seizure control in LGS patients who are not candidates for resective surgery. We evaluated the efficacy of the combination of these two procedures for LGS related seizures.MethodTen patients with LGS (age 3 30 years at VNS implantation) underwent CC and subsequent VNS. We evaluated surgical outcomes, particularly with respect to the efficacy of VNS on seizure reduction rates for different residual seizure types after CC. We compared clinical parameters, including sex, age, seizure duration, history, MRI findings, extent of CC, number of antiepileptic drugs, and neuropsychological states, between VNS responders and non responders to predict satisfactory seizure outcomes with respect to residual seizures after CC.FindingsVNS was effective for residual seizures regardless of seizure type (except for DAs) after CC in patients with LGS. Six of ten (60% patients had a satisfactory seizure outcome =50% seizure reduction) for all residual seizure types after VNS. Two of ten (20% patients were seizure free at 12 months post VNS. Even those patients that were non responders, with respect to all seizures including DAs, after prior CC showed favorable responses to subsequent VNS. Compared to VNS, excellent seizure outcomes for DAs were achieved after CC in seven of nine (77.8% patients with DAs. Among the clinical parameters, only conversation ability before VNS was significantly different between responders and non responders (p 0.033).ConclusionCombined VNS and prior CC produced satisfactory seizure outcomes in LGS patients with different seizure types, including DAs. Even non responders to prior CC responded to subsequent VNS for residual seizures, except for DAs. There is a greater likelihood that these procedures may be more feasible in patients who possess conversation ability prior to VNS.
Forecasting the South African inflation rate: On asymmetric loss and forecast rationality

Using forecasts of the inflation rate in South Africa, we study the rationality of forecasts and the shape of forecasters' loss functions. When we study micro level data of individual forecasts, we find mixed evidence of an asymmetric loss function, suggesting that inflation forecasters are heterogeneous with respect to the shape of their loss functions. We also find strong evidence that inflation forecasts are in line with forecast rationality. When we pool the data and study sectoral inflation forecasts of financial analysts, trade unions and the business sector, we find evidence for asymmetry in the loss function and against forecast rationality. Upon comparing the micro level results with those for pooled and sectoral data, we conclude that forecast rationality should be assessed based on micro level data, and that freer access to this data would allow a more rigorous analysis and discussion of the information content of the surveys.
Accelerated T1r acquisition for knee cartilage quantification using compressed sensing and data driven parallel imaging: A feasibility study
Venue: Magnetic resonance in medicine

Quantitative T1r imaging is beneficial for early detection for osteoarthritis but has seen limited clinical use due to long scan times. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of accelerated T1r mapping for knee cartilage quantification using a combination of compressed sensing (CS) and data driven parallel imaging (ARC Autocalibrating Reconstruction for Cartesian sampling)
Linking numerical scores with sentiment analysis of students' teaching and subject evaluation surveys: Pointers to teaching enhancements

Student evaluations of teaching and subjects are systematically used at many educational institutions, to get students' feedback. They usually consist of a number of questions where students can anonymously provide their responses on 5 or 7 point Likert scales, with provision to provide free comments. There are several different ways of evaluating student satisfaction (Elliott, 2002) and the numerical scores are often taken as the main indicator of student satisfaction, although much insight can be gained from analysing the free text comments. From the analysis conducted so far, a clear link appears to be present between students' free comments and the numerical scores selected by students. There is a clear trend in the types of comments and phrases used when comparing positive and negative feedback. This trend provides confidence in the validity of the survey scores as a useful feedback mechanism. General areas for feedback have also been identified and extracted from the data. This can be applied on a subject by subject basis, or used at the whole of institution level.
Analyzing Gender Bias in Student Evaluations
Venue: COLING

University students in the United States are routinely asked to provide feedback on the quality of the instruction they have received. Such feedback is widely used by university administrators to evaluate teaching ability, despite growing evidence that students assign lower numerical scores to women and people of color, regardless of the actual quality of instruction. In this paper, we analyze students' written comments on faculty evaluation forms spanning eight years and five STEM disciplines in order to determine whether open ended comments reflect these same biases. First, we apply sentiment analysis techniques to the corpus of comments to determine the overall affect of each comment. We then use this information, in combination with other features, to explore whether there is bias in how students describe their instructors. We show that while the gender of the evaluated instructor does not seem to affect students' expressed level of overall satisfaction with their instruction, it does strongly influence the language that they use to describe their instructors and their experience in class.
Metodologia para el desarrollo de software multimedia educativo MEDESME

En este trabajo se presenta una nueva metodologia para el desarrollo de software multimedia educativo, constituida por ocho fases principales: concepto o pre produccion, analisis, diseno, desarrollo, implementacion, evaluacion y validacion del programa, produccion y elaboracion del material complementario. El objetivo principal es facilitar, a traves de la descripcion de los elementos y actividades requeridos para generar el entorno general, pedagogico y tecnico/estetico, el desarrollo del software multimedia educativo.  Tthis work presents a new methodology for the development of multimedia educational software, consisting of eight main phases: concept and pre production, analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation and validation program, production and processing of additional material. The main objective is to facilitate through the description of the elements and activities required to generate, pedagogical and technical/aesthetic overall environment, the development of multimedia educational software. Recibido: 18 de junio de 2015 Aceptado: 25 de enero de 2016
Metodologia para el desarrollo de software en proyectos de I+D en el nivel universitario basada en Scrum

Resumen. La investigacion en el ambito de las ciencias informaticas es, en muchas ocasiones, inseparable del desarrollo, constituyendo cada proyecto en un proyecto I+D (investigacion y desarrollo) El desarrollo de software en el marco de un proyecto I+D debe ser una actividad llevada a cabo con estrategias y metodologias apropiadas que permitan dar respuestas a las necesidades del proyecto y que se adapten a las caracteristicas institucionales y de los recursos humanos con los que se cuenta, partiendo de experiencias y herramientas brindadas por la ingenieria del software. A partir de la experiencia inicial en el desarrollo de software dentro su proyecto el grupo GEMIS, de la Universidad Tecnologica Nacional, Facultad Regional Buenos Aires (UTN FRBA) se propuso partir de una metodologia agil y, revalorizando algunos aspectos como las definiciones funcionales y la arquitectura, definir una metodologia acorde a las necesidades de proyectos de I+D en el ambito universitario.
A fully automated wirelessly powered centrifugal platform towards a sample to answer chemiluminescent ELISA assay for CVD detection

This paper describes the development of a platform where a silicon photo multiplier (SiPM) sensor co rotates with a "Lab on a Disc" (LoaD) This platform includes a modular data logger and, to avoid the need for electrical slip rings, it is wirelessly powered. This system is optimized for the detection of chemiluminescence. It is characterized on disc using dilutions of HRP tagged antibodies and shows good agreement with a commercial luminometer. Additionally, preliminary work towards developing a fully integrated on disc ELISA assay for CVD detection is presented.
Class invariants from a new kind of Weber like modular equation

A technique is described for explicitly evaluating quotients of the Dedekind eta function at quadratic integers. These evaluations do not make use of complex approximations but are found by an entirely 'algebraic' method. They are obtained by means of specialising certain modular equations related to Weber's modular equations of 'irrational type' The technique works for certain eta quotients evaluated at points in an imaginary quadratic field with discriminant $d \equiv 1 \pmod {8}$d1(mod8)
Matching Adherence Interventions to Patient Determinants Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Venue: Front. Pharmacol.

Despite much research, interventions to improve medication adherence report disappointing and inconsistent results. Tailored approaches that match interventions and patient determinants of non adherence were seldom used in clinical trials. The presence of a multitude of theoretical frameworks and models to categorize interventions and patient determinants complicated the development of common categories shared by interventions and determinants. We retrieved potential interventions and patient determinants from published literature on medication adherence, matched them like locks and keys, and categorized them according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)  We identified the most relevant literature reviews on interventions and determinants in a pragmatic literature search, extracted all interventions and determinants, grouped similar concepts to umbrella terms and assigned them to TDF categories. All steps were finalized in consensus discussion between the authors.  Sixteen articles (5 with determinants, 11 with interventions) were included for analysis. We extracted 103 interventions and 42 determinants that we divided in 26 modifiable and 16 unmodifiable determinants. All interventions and modifiable determinants were matched within 11 categories (Knowledge; Skills; Social/professional role and identity; Beliefs about capabilities; Beliefs about consequences; Intentions; Memory, Attention and decision processes; Environmental context and resources; Social influences; Emotion; and Behavioral regulation)  In published trials on medication adherence, the congruence between interventions and determinants can be assessed with matching interventions to determinants. To be successful, interventions in medication adherence should target current modifiable determinants and be tailored to the unmodifiable determinants. Modifiable and unmodifiable determinants need to be assessed at inclusion of intervention studies to identify the patients most in need of an adherence intervention. Our matched categories may be useful to develop interventions in trials that investigate the effectiveness of adherence interventions.
Fast and simple decycling and dismantling of networks
Venue: Scientific reports

Decycling and dismantling of complex networks are underlying many important applications in network science. Recently these two closely related problems were tackled by several heuristic algorithms, simple and considerably sub optimal, on the one hand, and involved and accurate message passing ones that evaluate single node marginal probabilities, on the other hand. In this paper we propose a simple and extremely fast algorithm, CoreHD, which recursively removes nodes of the highest degree from the 2 core of the network. CoreHD performs much better than all existing simple algorithms. When applied on real world networks, it achieves equally good solutions as those obtained by the state of art iterative message passing algorithms at greatly reduced computational cost, suggesting that CoreHD should be the algorithm of choice for many practical purposes.
Fast and Simple Cost Efficient Facade Refurbishment

Energy performance improvements in existing buildings are the next step towards energy efficiency according to the EU directives. Especially buildings built in the sixties or the seventies, before the energy crises, provide potential for improvements. The facades of these buildings are often in a need of a refurbishment. One major issue is that these buildings must be refurbished at low cost, not to increase the rents too much. The refurbishment process should be conducted with limited disturbance of the tenants. Existing facade renovation methods can be improved to decrease inefficiency and risk for contractors. The business situation is unclear, due to unclear means for refurbishment. One aspect of this problem is that there is a need for new business models. This paper studies the market and process optimization and proposals for information management aspects considering the need for developed business models in refurbishment. The study is part of a larger project about facade renovations with prefabricated wooden elements. The main contribution in this paper is to propose a new business model with standardized products, logistics and project management, discussing different aspects of efficient business models. There is a need for clear distribution of risks for the business partners and a clarification of potential co benefits. Basically we propose a contract model with a contractor taking the full responsibility towards the client, including the detailed refurbishment design and project management.
Two new methods for removing salt and pepper noise from digital images

In this study, we developed two new alternative methods to enhance images which operate satisfactorily with high levels of noise in any given window size. We also conducted a test by adding the most frequently used noise type to the test images of salt and pepper noise. The results are compared with other well known noise remover methods in the literature such as, standard median filter (SMF) and adaptive median filter (AMF) and much better results were obtained. For instance, the results of SMF and AMF filters as well as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are 33.2 and 29.8 respectively by adding a ratio of 0.1 salt and pepper noise to the Lena image. With the new methods,the results are 41.4 and 41.4. The newly developed methods also generate better results in reducing high volume of noise. For instance, if a ratio of 0.5 salt and pepper noise is applied to a Lena image, PSNR results are 15.22 and 22.78 in SMF and AMF, and 25.8 and 28.9 with newly developed methods.
Removing mixed noise in low rank textures by convex optimization
Venue: Computational Visual Media

This paper introduces a new low rank texture image denoising algorithm, which can restore low rank texture contaminated by both Gaussian and salt and pepper noise. The algorithm formulates texture image denoising in terms of solving a low rank matrix optimization problem. Simply assuming low rank is insufficient to describe the properties of natural images, causing high noise amplitudes which lead to unsatisfactory denoising results or serious loss of image details. Thus, in addition to the low rank assumption, the continuity of natural images is also assumed by the algorithm, by adding a total variation regularizer to the optimization objective function. We further give an effective algorithm to solve this optimization problem. By combining the low rank and continuity assumptions, the proposed algorithm overcomes the deficiencies of using either the low rank assumption or total variation regularization alone. Experiments show that our algorithm can effectively remove mixed noise in low rank texture images, and is better than existing algorithms in both its subjective visual effects and in terms of quantitative objective measures.
Plastic Debris Is a Human Health Issue.
Venue: Environmental science technology

The global threat of highly persistent plastic waste accumulating and fragmenting in the world's oceans, inland waters and terrestrial environments is becoming increasingly  3 Humans are being exposed to both plastic particles and chemical additives being released from the plastic debris of consumer society. This material is fragmenting, leaching and spreading throughout the biosphere, including indoor and outdoor air, soil, and water systems. What started as a marine environmental contamination issue is in fact very much a human health issue as well. What do we know so far about the impacts of this plastic debris for humans? Humans can be exposed to plastic particles via consumption of seafood and terrestrial food products, drinking water and via the air.1,4 Uptake of plastics by humans (and animals) can cause adverse health effects by at least three possible means: particle toxicity, chemical toxicity and as a pathogen and parasite vector.
23. Two levels of verbal communication, universal and culture specific

The "naive" (non scientific) models of the human person embedded in everyday language differ a great deal across languages and often lead us to the heart of the shared cultural values of the speech community in question. Even within Europe the models of the human person embedded in different languages are quite diverse. Remarkably, all human cultures appear to agree that human beings have a body (that people can see) and "something else" (that people can't see) The construal of this "something else" however, differs a great deal across languages, cultures, and epochs. For speakers of modern English, this "something else" is usually interpreted as the 'mind' and in the era of global English, the model of a human being as composed of a body and a mind is often taken for granted by Anglophone humanities and social sciences (and even by cognitive and evolutionary science) Yet 'mind' is a conceptual artefact of modern English an ethno construct no more grounded in reality than the French esprit, the Danish sind, the Russian dusa, the Latin anima, or the Yolngu birrimbirr. The reification of the English 'mind' and its elevation to the status of a "scientific" prism through which all other languages, cultures, indigenous psychologies, and even stages in the evolution of primates can be legitimately interpreted is a striking illustration of the blind spot in contemporary social science which results from the "invisibility" of English as a more and more globalised way of speaking and thinking. This paper demonstrates that the meanings hidden in such language specific cultural constructs can be revealed and compared, in a precise and illuminating way, through universal semantic primes brought to light by NSM semantics (cf. e.g. Wierzbicka 2014; Goddard and Wierzbicka 2014. It also shows how the understanding of such culturally central concepts can lead to better communication across languages and cultures.