nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Bearing capacity of closed and open ended pipe piles installed in loose sand with emphasis on soil plug

Present study investigates the behaviour of plug on pile load capacity and effect of plug removal. Different parameters are considered such as pile diameter to length ratio, type of installation in loose sand, removal of plug in three stages (50% 75% and 100% with respect to length of plug. Kerbala sand from Iraq, which is used as a foundation soil is poorly graded clean sand. It was concluded that the percentage of reduction in pile load capacity for open ended pile increases with increase of the length of removal of the soil plug. Open ended pipe pile behaves as a closed ended if the soil plug formed inside piles is in state of partial plug or full plug. The failure of a pile to plug during driving does not necessarily mean that it will not plug during static loading, since inertia effects, which are present during driving are absent during static loading. This can be observed from the load settlement curves where the open ended piles exhibit large resistance to penetration due to mobilization of internal friction during static loading.
Codesigning a resilient food system

Global changes, especially the progression of climate change, create a plethora of adaptation needs for social ecological systems. With increasing uncertainty, more resilient food systems that are able to adapt and shape their operations in response to emerging challenges are required. Most of the research on this subject has been focused on developing countries; however, developed countries also face increasing environmental, economic, and social pressures. Because food systems are complex and involve multiple actors, using codesign might be the most productive way to develop desirable system characteristics. For this study, we engaged food system actors in a scenario planning exercise to identify means of building more resilient food systems. In particular, the actors focused on determinants of adaptive capacity in developed countries, with Finland as a case study. The brainstorming session followed by a two round Delphi study raised three main characteristics for effective food system resilience, namely, energy and nutrient sovereignty, transparency and dialogue in the food chain, and continuous innovativeness and evidence based learning. In addition, policy interventions were found instrumental for supporting such food system resilience. The main actor specific determinants of adaptive capacity identified included the farmers' utilization of agri technology and expertise; energy and logistic efficiency of the input and processing industry; and for retail, communication to build consumer trust and environmental awareness, and effective use of information and communication technology. Of the food system actors, farmers and the processing industry were perceived to be the closest to reaching the limits of their adaptive capacities. The use of adaptive capacity as a proxy seemed to concretize food system resilience effectively. Our study suggests that the resilience approach generates new perspectives that can guide actors in developing food systems that are adaptive in uncertainty.
Drivers of food waste and their implications for sustainable policy development

There has been growing interest in establishing food waste prevention and recovery programs throughout the world. The drive to target food waste stems from increasing concerns about resource conservation, food security, food waste's environmental and economic costs, and a general trend in the waste management industry to transition to more sustainable practices. Here the drivers of residential, institutional, and commercial food waste generation in developed countries, particularly in the U.S. are explored. The impacts of food system modernization on food waste generation are examined, including impacts related to food system industrialization, urbanization, globalization, and economic growth. Socio demographic, cultural, political, and economic drivers of food waste are described with emphasis on how food waste perspectives may vary globally. Specific behaviors and attitudes which result from many of these waste drivers are then discussed. The examination of the range of food wastage drivers are used to provide insight into the best policy approaches to sustainably manage food waste. Food waste prevention policies are placed in context of the waste generating behaviors and attitudes that they address. A review of important background information on food waste is also provided, including definitions of key terms, food waste history, quantities of food waste generated, and the importance of food waste prevention for sustainability, as this information is all critical for effective policy development.
New sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers containing phenyl side chains as proton exchange membranes

A new series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymers containing phenyl side groups with different sulfonation degrees (SPAES PQ xx) were successfully synthesized through direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of 3,3' disulfonate 4,4' dichlorodiphenylsulfone, 4,4 dichlorodiphenylsulfone and phenylhydroquinone (PQ) The degree of sulfonation was realized by controlling the quantity of the sulfonated monomer. The chemical and phase separated structures of copolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The properties of flexible and transparent SPAES membranes were evaluated. Compared to the hydroquinone based SPAES membrane (SPAES HQ 40) the effect of the phenyl side group on the water absorption properties, swelling properties and proton conductivity of SPAES PQ xx membranes was explored. The results demonstrated that the introduction of phenyl side groups could result in better dimensional, thermal and oxidative stability compared with those of the SPAES HQ 40 membrane. In addition, the proton conductivity of SPAES PQ 40 is up to 0.096 S cm 1 at 80 degC.
Synthesis and properties of highly branched sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s with flexible alkylsulfonated side chains as proton exchange membranes

Comb shaped sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s exhibit excellent properties when applied in proton exchange membranes (PEMs) However, few investigations have reported the use of comb shaped sulfonated polymers with highly branched backbones as PEMs. In this work, a series of highly branched sulfonated poly(arylene ether)s with flexible alkylsulfonated side chains were successfully synthesized for the first time. The branched polymers were soluble in polar organic solvents and could be cast to form tough and smooth films. The membranes exhibited good overall properties as PEMs. With an increasing degree of branching (DB) value, properties such as oxidative stability, proton conductivity and swelling ratio of the membranes were significantly improved. The membrane with the highest DB value (8% exhibits high proton conductivity (0.33 S cm 1 at 80 degC) and excellent oxidative stability (445 min) as well as acceptable mechanical properties (20.51 MPa) which indicate that this material is a good candidate PEM for evaluation in fuel cell applications.
A statistical analysis of the economic drivers of battery energy storage in commercial buildings
Venue: 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)

There is significant interest in using battery energy storage systems (BESS) to reduce peak demand charges, and therefore the life cycle cost of electricity, in commercial buildings. This paper explores the drivers of economic viability of BESS in commercial buildings through statistical analysis. A sample population of buildings was generated, a techno economic optimization model was used to size and dispatch the BESS, and the resulting optimal BESS sizes were analyzed for relevant predictor variables. Explanatory regression analyses were used to demonstrate that, of the variables considered, peak demand charges are the most significant predictor of an economically viable battery, and that the shape of the load profile is the most significant predictor of the size of the battery.
Evaluating the sustainability performance of thermal power enterprises
Venue: 2016 IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

This paper presents an interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy multicriteria group decision making approach for effectively evaluating the sustainability performance of thermal power enterprises in a fuzzy environment. Interval valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets are used to deal with the conditions where the decision makers hesitate among several values to assess the alternatives. An interval valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy Choquet integral operator is applied for calculating a closeness coefficient value for every thermal power enterprise alternative across all performance evaluation criteria. As a result, effective decisions can be made. An example is presented that shows the proposed approach is effective for dealing with the thermal power enterprises sustainability performance evaluation problem in a real world setting.
The prevalence differences of musculoskeletal problems and related physical workload among hospital staff.
Venue: Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation

The musculoskeletal problems (MSP) vary among different occupations since they had different characteristics and physical workloads. Therefore, it is important to know the difference between the occupational groups to design preventing physiotherapy interventions.  To investigate the prevalence differences of MSPs and related physical workload among hospital staff.  In this cross sectional study, 416 hospital staff completed the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for MSP and Physical Workload Questionnaire for assessing the physical workload.  One year prevalence of low back, neck, upper back, and shoulders were 73.8% 59.9% 59.4% and 52.2% respectively. The most preventing MSPs from work found in the low back (39.2% upper back (26.7% and the neck (24.5% MSP of low back impacted nurses the most with a 1 year prevalence of 81.3% and 57.1% of nurses were prevented from working. Nurses, service and cleaning staff had significantly more physical workload than secretaries and physicians.  MSP of low back had the highest prevalence among hospital staff and it was the leading cause which prevented from working. Nurses were the most in danger in terms of MSPs among hospital staff. Physical workload was significantly higher in nurses, service and cleaning staff than secretaries and physicians.
Integrin mediated cell migration is blocked by inhibitors of human neuraminidase.
Venue: Biochimica et biophysica acta

Integrins are critical receptors in cell migration and adhesion. A number of mechanisms are known to regulate the function of integrins, including phosphorylation, conformational change, and cytoskeletal anchoring. We investigated whether native neuraminidase (Neu, or sialidase) enzymes which modify glycolipids could play a role in regulating integrin mediated cell migration. Using a scratch assay, we found that exogenously added Neu3 and Neu4 activity altered rates of cell migration. We observed that Neu4 increased the rate of migration in two cell lines (HeLa, A549) while Neu3 only increased migration in HeLa cells. A bacterial neuraminidase was able to increase the rate of migration in HeLa, but not in A549 cells. Treatment of cells with complex gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b) resulted in decreased cell migration rates, while LacCer was able to increase rates of migration in both lines. Importantly, our results show that treatment of cells with inhibitors of native Neu enzymes had a dramatic effect on the rates of cell migration. The most potent compound tested targeted the human Neu4 isoenzyme, and was able to substantially reduce the rate of cell migration. We found that the lateral mobility of integrins was reduced by treatment of cells with Neu3, suggesting that Neu3 enzyme activity resulted in changes to integrin co receptor or integrin cytoskeleton interactions. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that inhibitors of human Neu can be used to investigate mechanisms of cell migration and for the development of anti adhesive therapies.
Client Strengths and Resources: Helping Clients Draw On What They Already Do Best

Have you ever noticed that the field of psychotherapy is egocentric or, more to the point, therapist centric? Therapist theories and models fill textbooks and journal articles, dominating everyday practice procedures. From the first days of training, students learn about superstar theorists and therapists. Meanwhile, seasoned clinicians seek out expert led workshops on the latest techniques. Where does the other half of therapy, the client, come in? True, client problems are well represented in the literature. But the talk is mostly about what we do or what we do to them. In this drama, clients are little more than passive recipients of therapist interventions, or their contributions are characterized by problematic transference, resistance, cognitive distortions and the like (Bohart Wade, 2013; Duncan, 2014) This chapter challenges this view and makes the case that clients are the centrepieces in the counselling process; therapists' interventions succeed to the degree they engage clients and their inherent abilities. To do this, the chapter explores the empirical
FORMULA SABUN TRANSPARAN ANTIJAMUR DENGAN BAHAN AKTIF EKSTRAK LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga L.Swartz.

Lengkuas mengandung senyawa aktif, antara lain eugenol, galangin, kaempferol, kuersetin, dan asetoksikhavikol asetat (ACA) Komponen ACA dilaporkan mem punyai efek sebagai anti jamur. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui penambahan ekstrak lengkuas pada sabun transparan terhadap kualitas, daya anti jamur, dan tingkat kesukaan panelis. Tahap kegiatan mencakup analisis kualitas bahan baku, pembuatan ekstrak, formulasi sabun trans paran, analisis kualitas sabun, uji daya antijamur, dan uji organoleptik sabun transparan. Hasil analisis kualitas bahan baku menunjukkan bahwa semua kriteria mutu masih memenuhi persyaratan Materia Medika Indonesia (MMI) Pening katan konsentrasi ekstrak lengkuas pada sabun transparan secara signifikan mem berikan pengaruh terhadap asam lemak total, fraksi yang tidak tersabunkan, bahan yang tidak larut dalam alkohol, dan pH. Hasil uji antijamur menunjukkan bahwa sabun transparan yang mengandung eks trak lengkuas 1% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur Tricophyton menta grophytes dan Microsporum canis. Daya hambat sabun transparan terhadap M. canis lebih baik dibandingkan dengan T. mentagrophytes. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan konsentrasi ekstrak lengkuas menurunkan tingkat kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, tekstur, dan kekerasan.
Slow Trade: Structural and Cyclical Factors in Global Trade Slowdown

Global trade growth has slowed down since the global financial crisis in 2008 and has been below the global GDP growth rate. This sluggish growth of global trade, the so called "Slow Trade," has been remarkable in emerging economies and for capital, intermediate, and consumer durable goods. There are three main backgrounds of this global trade slowdown: (1) a decline in the global real GDP growth, (2) a structural decline in the long run income elasticity of trade due to changes in the global demand structure, expanding in house production in China, and deceleration in the expansion of global value chains, and (3) short term negative shocks. Our quantitative analysis indicates that structural factors such as declines in global potential output growth and in the long run income elasticity of trade explain about 70 percent of the global trade slowdown, and cyclical factors such as remaining negative output gap and temporary negative shocks explain the rest, about 30 percent. It is unlikely that the part of the slowdown caused by structural factors will be immediately restored, while the negative impact of cyclical factors is expected to gradually become smaller. Our empirical result indicates that the current estimate of the long run income elasticity of trade is about 1.0, which implies that the growth rate of global trade is expected to recover up to the growth rate of global real GDP. However, there still remain large uncertainties in terms of global trade, such as the economic relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union and the development of rebalancing in emerging countries, and thus the effects of those uncertainties on global trade should be noted.
Shaping Wikipedia into a Computable Knowledge Base

Wikipedia is arguably the most important information source yet invented for natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence, in addition to its role as humanity's largest encyclopedia. Wikipedia is the principal information source for such prominent services as IBM's Watson  Freebase  the Google Knowledge Graph  Apple's Siri  YAGO  and DBpedia [6] the core reference structure for linked open data  Wikipedia information has assumed a prominent role in NLP applications in word sense disambiguation, named entity recognition, co reference resolution, and multi lingual alignments; in information retrieval in query expansion, multi lingual retrieval, question answering, entity ranking, text categorization, and topic indexing; and in semantic applications in topic extraction, relation extraction, entity extraction, entity typing, semantic relatedness, and ontology building
Validation of cell voltage and water content in a PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell model using neutron imaging for different operating conditions

This work presents a one dimensional analytical model developed for a 50 cm2 PEM (polymer electrolyte membrane) fuel cell with five channel serpentine flow field. The different coupled physical phenomena such as electrochemistry, mass transfer of hydrogen, oxygen and water (two phases) together with heat transfer have been solved simultaneously. The innovation of this work is that the model has been validated with two different variables simultaneously and quantitatively in order to ensure the accuracy of the results. The selected variables are the cell voltage and the water content within the membrane MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) and GDL (gas diffusion layers) experimentally measured by means of neutron radiography. The results show a good agreement for a comprehensive set of different operating conditions of cell temperature, pressure, reactants relative humidity and cathode stoichiometry. The analytical model has a relative error less than 3.5% for the value of the cell voltage and the water content within the GDL MEA for all experiments performed. This result presents a new standard of validation in the state of art of PEM fuel cell modeling where two variables are simultaneously and quantitatively validated with experimental results. The developed analytical model has been used in order to analyze the behavior of the PEM fuel cell under different values of relative humidity.
Identification and molecular characterization of peroxiredoxin 6 from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) revealing its potent antioxidant properties and putative immune relevancy.
Venue: Fish shellfish immunology

Peroxiredoxins (Prdx) are thiol specific antioxidant enzymes that play a pivotal role in cellular oxidative stress by reducing toxic peroxide compounds into nontoxic products. In this study, we identified and characterized a peroxiredoxin 6 counterpart from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) (AjPrdx6) at molecular, transcriptional and protein level. The identified full length coding sequence of AjPrdx6 (669 bp) coded for a polypeptide of 223 aa residues (24.9 kDa) Deduced protein of AjPrdx6 showed analogy to characteristic structural features of 1 cysteine peroxiredoxin sub family. According to the topology of the generated phylogenetic reconstruction AjPrdx6 showed closest evolutionary relationship with Salmo salar. As detected by Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) AjPrdx6 mRNA was constitutively expressed in all the tissues examined. Upon the immune challenges with Edwardsiella tarda, lipopolysaccharides and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, expression of AjPrdx6 mRNA transcripts were significantly induced. The general functional properties of Prdx6 were confirmed using purified recombinant AjPrdx6 protein by deciphering its potent protective effects on cultured vero cells (kidney epithelial cell from an African green monkey) against H2O2 induced oxidative stress and protection against oxidative DNA damage elicited by mixed function oxidative (MFO) system. Altogether, our findings suggest that AjPrdx6 is a potent antioxidant protein in Japanese eels and its putative immune relevancy in pathogen stress mounted by live bacteria or pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
Making the invisible visible: a qualitative study of the values, attitudes and norms of radiologists relating to radiation safety.
Venue: Journal of radiological protection official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection

Some shortcomings regarding safety have emerged in inspections by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority of Swedish radiology departments which perform 5.4 million radiological examinations and 100 000 nuclear scans annually. To ensure safety in the healthcare system and to build a strong environment of radiation protection for patients (and for employees) there must be a strong culture of safety. To understand an organization's behaviour, decisions and actions it is important to study its cultural values. The aims of this study were to discuss how values, attitudes and norms affect radiologists' decisions as well as how they influence the implementation of various radiation protection measures. To investigate this, focus group interviews and in depth individual interviews were performed in a sample from a number of radiology departments at hospitals in Sweden. The results show that the core value was derived from the patients' perspective with the focus on the knowledge that he or she has come to the healthcare system for a particular reason: to discover disease or, in the best case, to be declared healthy. The majority attitudes were based on experiences associated with aspects that the radiologist could not influence. This often concerns increased pressure on radiology investigations from clinics in the various operational units. Under the concept of norms, the radiologists in the study requested that the development of regulations and guidelines should be connected to issues of justification for various radiological queries.
Vibrations in automotive radar systems
Venue: 2016 IEEE MTT S International Conference on Microwaves for Intelligent Mobility (ICMIM)

In the automotive advanced driver assistance systems market there is an increasing trend towards hidden installation of radar sensors. This rises new challenges concerning the sensor's mounting position, fixture and cover. In this paper several types of vibration, which can occur in an automotive environment are classified and their influence on the radar sensor's performance is discussed. A detailed analysis combined with measurement results is given to vibration induced errors, caused by a relative movement between the radar sensor and its cover.