nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty
Venue: Science

Measuring consumption and wealth remotely Nighttime lighting is a rough proxy for economic wealth, and nighttime maps of the world show that many developing countries are sparsely illuminated. Jean et al. combined nighttime maps with high resolution daytime satellite images (see the Perspective by Blumenstock) With a bit of machine learning wizardry, the combined images can be converted into accurate estimates of household consumption and assets, both of which are hard to measure in poorer countries. Furthermore, the night and day time data are publicly available and nonproprietary. Science, this issue p. 790; see also p. 753 Satellites collect data that can be used to measure income and wealth. Reliable data on economic livelihoods remain scarce in the developing world, hampering efforts to study these outcomes and to design policies that improve them. Here we demonstrate an accurate, inexpensive, and scalable method for estimating consumption expenditure and asset wealth from high resolution satellite imagery. Using survey and satellite data from five African countries Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, and Rwanda we show how a convolutional neural network can be trained to identify image features that can explain up to 75% of the variation in local level economic outcomes. Our method, which requires only publicly available data, could transform efforts to track and target poverty in developing countries. It also demonstrates how powerful machine learning techniques can be applied in a setting with limited training data, suggesting broad potential application across many scientific domains.
Several three dimensional solutions for transversely isotropic functionally graded material plate welded with circular inclusion

The problem of a transversely isotropic functionally graded material (FGM) plate welded with a circular inclusion is considered. The analysis starts with the generalized England Spencer plate theory for transversely isotropic FGM plates, which expresses a three dimensional (3D) general solution in terms of four analytic functions. Several analytical solutions are then obtained for an infinite FGM plate welded with a circular inclusion and subjected to the loads at infinity. Three different cases are considered, i.e. a rigid circular inclusion fixed in the space, a rigid circular inclusion rotating about the x y and z axes, and an elastic circular inclusion with different material constants from the plate itself. The static responses of the plate and/or the inclusion are investigated through numerical examples.
A Survey of Performance of Congestion Control Techniques in MANET Komal badhran

858 All Rights Reserved (c) 2016 IJARECE Abstract In MANET nodes are mobile and communicate with other nodes through wireless connection. The nature of MANET is dynamic so route discovery is quite challenging task. In MANET congestion will be occur at several nodes and it is not an easy task to control the congestion. The main aim of the congestion control is to assure the system is running at its rated capacity even in worst condition. The congestion less based routing is established to reduce the packet loss, number of nodes, changing topologies, varying no. of senders changing the location of sink in the network. The main objective of this survey paper is to study and analyze various route optimization techniques and performance evaluation of existing congestion control techniques.
Calculation of auxiliary functions related to Riccati Bessel functions in Mie scattering

In Mie scattering calculation, auxiliary functions, such as the logarithmic derivatives, the ratios and the products of Riccati Bessel functions, are used to recast the formulae of the scattering coefficients so as to circumvent the difficulty. So far, there are still problems left unsolved. The paper presents the recursive algorithms for the calculation of these functions. The logarithmic derivatives and are calculated firstly, and then, they are used for the calculation of the ratio These three functions can be further used to calculate the other auxiliary functions and also the Riccati Bessel function themselves. Numerical results show that the algorithm is stable and reliable except for some special cases.
Optimization of Computer Networks: Modeling and Algorithms: A Hands On Approach

This book covers the design and optimization of computer networks applying a rigorous optimization methodology, applicable to any network technology. It is organized into two parts. In Part 1 the reader will learn how to model network problems appearing in computer networks as optimization programs, and use optimization theory to give insights on them. Four problem types are addressed systematically traffic routing, capacity dimensioning, congestion control and topology design.
The QoE implications of ultra high definition video adaptation strategies
Venue: Photonics Europe

As the capabilities of high end consumer devices increase, streaming and playback of Ultra High Definition (UHD) is set to become commonplace. The move to these new, higher resolution, video services is one of the main factors contributing to the predicted continuation of growth in video related traffic in the Internet. This massive increases in bandwidth requirement, even when mitigated by the use of new video compression standards such as H.265, will place an ever increasing burden on network service providers. This will be especially true in mobile environments where users have come to expect ubiquitous access to content. Consequently, delivering UHD and Full UHD (FUHD) video content is one of the key drivers for future Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks. One often voiced, but as yet unanswered question, is whether users of mobile devices with modest screen sizes (e.g. smartphones or smaller tablet) will actually benefit from consuming the much higher bandwidth required to watch online UHD video, in terms of an improved user experience. In this paper, we use scalable H.265 encoded video streams to conduct a subjective evaluation of the impact on a user's perception of video quality across a comprehensive range of adaptation strategies, covering each of the three adaptation domains, for UHD and FUHD video. The results of our subjective study provide insightful and useful indications of which methods of adapting UHD and FUHD streams have the least impact on user's perceived QoE. In particular, it was observed that, in over 70% of cases, users were unable to distinguish between full HD (1080p) and UHD (4K) videos when they were unaware of which version was being shown to them. Our results from this evaluation can be used to provide adaptation rule sets that will facilitate fast, QoE aware in network adaptation of video streams in support of realtime adaptation objectives. Undoubtedly they will also promote discussion around how network service providers manage their relationships with end users and how service level agreements might be shaped to account for what may be viewed as 'unproductive' use of bandwidth to deliver very marginal or imperceptible improvements in viewing experience.
Where we have been, where we are now, and where we might be heading Where next for the coaching relationship?

The advent of the current stage of coaching research seeking to identify how coaching works, or the 'active ingredients' of coaching has taken coaching relationship research into a more prominent position. In exploring the questions of what we know about the coaching relationship and its role in coaching and coaching outcomes, and how we might go about finding out more, this article overviews the coaching relationship research in the coaching context of certain prevailing assumptions: that coaching works, the functional similarity of the coaching relationship with the therapeutic relationship, and that the coaching relationship is an 'active ingredient' of coaching. In the process, this exercise raises emerging issues of the definition of coaching, the definition of the coaching relationship, and measurement of the coaching relationship, which it is proposed are considerations when contemplating coaching relationship research studies and in our evidence based approach to coaching practice. Suggestions for future research studies are made based on this discussion.
Does Demand for Breast Augmentation Reflect National Financial Trends?
Venue: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery

Aesthetic plastic surgery is a consumer driven industry, subject to influence by financial forces. A changing economic environment may thus impact on the demand for surgery. The aim of this study was to explore trends in demand for bilateral breast augmentation (BBA) in consecutively presenting patients over an 11 year period and to examine if a correlation exists between these trends and changes in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) a key economic indicator. This study revealed a correlation between annual number of breast augmentation procedures performed and GDP values (r2 0.34, p value 0.059) Additionally, predicted number of BBA procedures, based on predicted GDP growth in Ireland, strongly correlated with actual number of BBA performed (r2 0.93, p value 0.000001) Predicted GDP growth can potentially forecast future demand for BBA in our cohort allowing plastic surgeons to modify their practice accordingly.
Reliable Detection of Somatic Mutations in Fine Needle Aspirates of Pancreatic Cancer With Next generation Sequencing: Implications for Surgical Management.
Venue: Annals of surgery

To determine the feasibility of genotyping pancreatic tumors via fine needle aspirates (FNAs) BACKGROUND FNA is a common method of diagnosis for pancreatic cancer, yet it has traditionally been considered inadequate for molecular studies due to the limited quantity of DNA derived from FNA specimens and tumor heterogeneity.  In vitro mixing studies were performed to deduce the minimum cellularity needed for genetic analysis. DNA from both simulated FNAs and clinical FNAs was sequenced. Mutational concordance was determined between simulated FNAs and that of the resected specimen.  Limiting dilution studies indicated that mutations present at allele frequencies as low as 0.12% are detectable. Comparison of simulated FNAs and matched tumor tissue exhibited a concordance frequency of 100% for all driver genes present. In FNAs obtained from 17 patients with unresectable disease, we identified at least 1 driver gene mutation in all patients including actionable somatic mutations in ATM and MTOR. The constellation of mutations identified in these patients was different than that reported for resectable pancreatic cancers, implying a biologic basis for presentation with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.  FNA sequencing is feasible and subsets of patients may harbor actionable mutations that could potentially impact therapy. Moreover, preoperative FNA sequencing has the potential to influence the timing of surgery relative to systemic therapy. FNA sequencing opens the door to clinical trials in which patients undergo neoadjuvant or a surgery first approach based on their tumor genetics with the goal of utilizing cancer genomics in the clinical management of pancreatic cancer.
The Coaching Relationship and beyond

In the coaching context of an ongoing search for evidence based research, and increasing interest in the 'active ingredients' of coaching the impetus for 'the coaching relationship and beyond' was the quest for deeper understanding of the coaching relationship as well as its infuence on the outcomes of coaching. It is a presentation, on factors specifically related to engagement of the coachee and building effective coaching relationships: (a) a study examining the power relations between employee coachee and coach from the middle manager coach perspective, highlighting coaching relationship quality as a necessity for moments of symmetry and equality in fruitful coaching; (b) a study on the diversity factor of coach age, finding that age was not significant in executive coachees coach selection, however age signified credibility and experience, with possible implications for young executive coaches in organisations. Broader topics include (c) discussion of a Systematic Review study investigating those coaching psychologists' attributes effective in productive coaching relationships, and how to facilitate desired coaching outcomes, suggesting desirability of expansion of concrete outcome measures from the existing coachees' satisfaction evaluation metrics; and finally (d) an overview of coaching relationship research in the context of prevailing assumptions and issues in coaching, offering implications for future coaching research and coaching practice.
Ribociclib as First Line Therapy for HR Positive, Advanced Breast Cancer.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine

The inhibition of cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) could potentially overcome or delay resistance to endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer that is positive for hormone receptor (HR) and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) METHODS In this randomized, placebo controlled, phase 3 trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib combined with letrozole for first line treatment in 668 postmenopausal women with HR positive, HER2 negative recurrent or metastatic breast cancer who had not received previous systemic therapy for advanced disease. We randomly assigned the patients to receive either ribociclib (600 mg per day on a 3 weeks on, 1 week off schedule) plus letrozole (2.5 mg per day) or placebo plus letrozole. The primary end point was investigator assessed progression free survival. Secondary end points included overall survival, overall response rate, and safety. A preplanned interim analysis was performed on January 29, 2016, after 243 patients had disease progression or died. Prespecified criteria for superiority required a hazard ratio of 0.56 or less with P<1.29x10 5.  The duration of progression free survival was significantly longer in the ribociclib group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.72; P=3.29x10 6 for superiority) The median duration of follow up was 15.3 months. After 18 months, the progression free survival rate was 63.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 54.6 to 70.3) in the ribociclib group and 42.2% (95% CI, 34.8 to 49.5) in the placebo group. In patients with measurable disease at baseline, the overall response rate was 52.7% and 37.1% respectively (P<0.001) Common grade 3 or 4 adverse events that were reported in more than 10% of the patients in either group were neutropenia (59.3% in the ribociclib group vs. 0.9% in the placebo group) and leukopenia (21.0% vs. 0.6% the rates of discontinuation because of adverse events were 7.5% and 2.1% respectively.  Among patients receiving initial systemic treatment for HR positive, HER2 negative advanced breast cancer, the duration of progression free survival was significantly longer among those receiving ribociclib plus letrozole than among those receiving placebo plus letrozole, with a higher rate of myelosuppression in the ribociclib group.
Caring for caregivers and patients: Research and clinical priorities for informal cancer caregiving
Venue: Cancer

Informal/family caregivers are a fundamental source of care for cancer patients in the United States, yet the population of caregivers and their tasks, psychosocial needs, and health outcomes are not well understood. Changes in the nature of cancer care and its delivery, along with the growing population of survivors and their caregivers, warrant increased attention to the roles and demands of caregiving. This article reviews current evidence presented at a 2 day meeting examining the state of the science of informal cancer caregiving that was convened by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Nursing Research. The meeting sought to define who is an informal cancer caregiver, summarize the state of the science in informal cancer caregiving, and describe both the kinds of interventions developed to address caregiving challenges and the various outcomes used to evaluate their impact. This article offers recommendations for moving science forward in 4 areas: 1) improving the estimation of the prevalence and burden of informal cancer caregiving; 2) advancing the development of interventions designed to improve outcomes for cancer patients, caregivers, and patient caregiver dyads; 3) generating and testing strategies for integrating caregivers into formal health care settings; and 4) promoting the use of technology to support informal cancer caregivers. Cancer 2016;122:1987 95.
Pickering emulsions based on cyclodextrins: A smart solution for antifungal azole derivatives topical delivery.
Venue: European journal of pharmaceutical sciences official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

Surfactants are usually used for the preparation of emulsions. Potential drawbacks on the human body or on the environment can be observed for some of them(e.g. skin irritation, hemolysis, protein denaturation, etc. However, it is possible to use biocompatible emulsifiers such as native cyclodextrins (CDs) The mixture of oil (paraffin oil or isopropyl myristate) water and native CDs results in the formation of Pickering emulsions. The emulsion properties were investigated by ternary phase diagrams elaboration, multiple light scattering, optical and transmission microscopies. The results prove that these Pickering emulsions were very stable against coalescence due to the dense film format the oil/water interface. The rheological behavior has shown that these emulsions remain compatible for topical applications. This kind of emulsions (biocompatibility, stability and surfactant free) has been used to obtain sustainable formulations for antifungal econazole derivatives delivery. Our results prove that these new formulations are at least as active as commercially available formulations.
Draft Genome Sequences of Burkholderia contaminans FFI 28, a Strain Isolated from a Contaminated Pharmaceutical Solution
Venue: Genome Announcements

Burkholderia contaminans is a species of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, a group of bacteria that can grow in pharmaceutical products and are capable of infecting the immunocompromised and people with cystic fibrosis. Here, we report draft genome sequences for Burkholderia contaminans FFI 28, a strain isolated from a contaminated pharmaceutical solution.
Stability of suxamethonium in pharmaceutical solution for injection by validated stability indicating chromatographic method.
Venue: Journal of clinical anesthesia

To assess the stability of pharmaceutical suxamethonium (succinylcholine) solution for injection by validated stability indicating chromatographic method in vials stored at room temperature.  The chromatographic assay was achieved by using a detector wavelength set at 218 nm, a C18 column, and an isocratic mobile phase (100% of water) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min for 5 minutes. The method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with respect to the stability indicating capacity of the method including linearity, limits of detection and quantitation, precision, accuracy, system suitability, robustness, and forced degradations.  Linearity was achieved in the concentration range of 5 to 40 mg/mL with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.999. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.8 and 0.9 mg/mL, respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation for intraday (1.3 1.7) and interday (0.1 2.0) precision was found to be less than 2.1% Accuracy was assessed by the recovery test of suxamethonium from solution for injection (99.5% 101.2% CONCLUSION Storage of suxamethonium solution for injection vials at ambient temperature (22degC 26degC) for 17 days demonstrated that at least 95% of original suxamethonium concentration remained stable.
Assessing output performance of information technology service industries: Productivity, innovation and catch up

The purpose of this paper is to assess the output performance of information technology (IT) service industries of twelve Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries over the years from 2000 to 2011. We use Malmquist productivity index (MPI) as the performance metric and stochastic production frontier (SPF) as the measurement approach. We then decompose MPI into two ingredient components that represent technological change for innovation capability and efficiency change for catch up effort. It is found that the IT service industries display an impressive annual rate of 7.4% for productivity growth during the study period. The parametric decomposition of MPI unveils that almost all of the productivity growth observed is enabled by technological advance made to the production process by IT service providers while efficiency change has little effect. Moreover, each country's IT service industry demonstrates a distinctive pattern relating to the three measures of productivity growth, technological change, and efficiency change. This observation suggests that each country's IT service industry possesses certain strengths that become the sources of its competitive advantage, and there are weaknesses that could be targets for performance improvement. Based on our empirical results, we offer practical implications and identify future research topics for performance evaluation of IT service and other industries.
Fast Background Subtraction for Microorganism Detection in Wireless Visual Sensor Networks

With the emergency and development of portable microscopes, applying wireless network and image analysis techniques to real time and intelligent surveillance in sewage treatment system has paid much attention recently. However, the resource limitation and processing capacity are the main constraints in wireless visual sensor networks (WVSNs) which make many background subtraction algorithms for moving object detection unable to work. In this paper, a more efficient and effective detection algorithm based on background subtraction has been proposed. Firstly, a new codebook model is initialized by selecting randomly in the neighbor of spatial domain from the first frame of video sequence, which greatly reduces the modeling time. Secondly, a new color space and a fast local directional pattern texture operator have been introduced into this model to increase the target contrast and neighborhood dependency. Finally, a self adaptive model updating strategy based on statistical parameter estimation has been proposed for adding new code words and deleting noisy code words from models quickly and effectively. Experimental results have demonstrated that our method is able to achieve a better balance between effectiveness and efficiency compared with the state of the art background subtraction algorithms.
A survey of medical image registration under review
Venue: Medical Image Anal.

A retrospective view on the past two decades of the field of medical image registration is presented, guided by the article "A survey of medical image registration" (Maintz and Viergever, 1998) It shows that the classification of the field introduced in that article is still usable, although some modifications to do justice to advances in the field would be due. The main changes over the last twenty years are the shift from extrinsic to intrinsic registration, the primacy of intensity based registration, the breakthrough of nonlinear registration, the progress of inter subject registration, and the availability of generic image registration software packages. Two problems that were called urgent already 20 years ago, are even more urgent nowadays: Validation of registration methods, and translation of results of image registration research to clinical practice. It may be concluded that the field of medical image registration has evolved, but still is in need of further development in various aspects.