nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of the Supine Napoleon Test for Subscapularis Tendon Lesions.
Venue: Arthroscopy the journal of arthroscopic related surgery official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of the supine Napoleon test (a variation of the belly press test that reduces compensatory motion) with other clinical tests for subscapularis tendon (SSC) tears.  One hundred thirty consecutive patients who were scheduled for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were evaluated preoperatively with the lift off test, Napoleon test, bear hug test, and supine Napoleon test. The supine Napoleon test was performed by placing the patient's hand on their belly while they lay supine with an examiner holding their hand and shoulder to prevent compensatory motion. The patient was asked to move their elbow upward and the test was considered positive if they were unable to do so. During surgery, SSC lesions were classified with the Lafosse classification system. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ LR were calculated for each test. The ability to detect partial SSC tears was compared among the clinical tests.  Fifty two of 130 patients (40% had SSC tears confirmed arthroscopically. For diagnosis of these tears, the supine Napoleon test was the most sensitive (84% followed by the bear hug test (74% and the bear hug test was the most specific (97% followed by the supine Napoleon test (96% The LR+ was greatest for the bear hug test (28.4) and next greatest for the supine Napoleon test (21.9) The LR was lowest for the supine Napoleon test (0.16) and the bear hug test was second (0.27) The sensitivity of the supine Napoleon test (65% was highest for detecting partial tears.  In comparison with other clinical tests for SSC tears, the supine Napoleon test had the greatest diagnostic value for full thickness SSC tears and was most able to detect partial tears.
Russia Against Napoleon The Battle For Europe 1807 To 1814

Thank you very much for downloading russia against napoleon the battle for europe 1807 to 1814. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this russia against napoleon the battle for europe 1807 to 1814, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.
Learning in Implicit Generative Models
Venue: ArXiv

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) provide an algorithmic framework for constructing generative models with several appealing properties: they do not require a likelihood function to be specified, only a generating procedure; they provide samples that are sharp and compelling; and they allow us to harness our knowledge of building highly accurate neural network classifiers. Here, we develop our understanding of GANs with the aim of forming a rich view of this growing area of machine learning to build connections to the diverse set of statistical thinking on this topic, of which much can be gained by a mutual exchange of ideas. We frame GANs within the wider landscape of algorithms for learning in implicit generative models models that only specify a stochastic procedure with which to generate data and relate these ideas to modelling problems in related fields, such as econometrics and approximate Bayesian computation. We develop likelihood free inference methods and highlight hypothesis testing as a principle for learning in implicit generative models, using which we are able to derive the objective function used by GANs, and many other related objectives. The testing viewpoint directs our focus to the general problem of density ratio estimation. There are four approaches for density ratio estimation, one of which is a solution using classifiers to distinguish real from generated data. Other approaches such as divergence minimisation and moment matching have also been explored in the GAN literature, and we synthesise these views to form an understanding in terms of the relationships between them and the wider literature, highlighting avenues for future exploration and cross pollination.
Jigg: A Framework for an Easy Natural Language Processing Pipeline
Venue: ACL

We present Jigg, a Scala (or JVMbased) NLP annotation pipeline framework, which is easy to use and is extensible. Jigg supports a very simple interface similar to Stanford CoreNLP, the most successful NLP pipeline toolkit, but has more flexibility to adapt to new types of annotation. On this framework, system developers can easily integrate their downstream system into a NLP pipeline from a raw text by just preparing a wrapper of it.
Automated Essay Scoring by Combining Syntactically Enhanced Latent Semantic Analysis and Coreference Resolution (SCOPUS)

The objective of this research is to measure how much syntactic information (in the form of word order) and Coreference Resolution affect the result of Automated Essay Scoring (AES) using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) To incorporate the syntactic information, Syntactically Enhanced LSA (SELSA) is used, whilst Stanford CoreNLP Natural Language Processing Toolkit is used for the Coreference Resolution. To evaluate the results, we calculate the average absolute difference between the system score and human score for each essay. Based on the results, we can conclude that syntactic information, when combined with Coreference Resolution, do not have higher correlation to human score than LSA (an average absolute difference of 0.15748 as opposed to LSA's 0.12597) But interestingly, the two techniques work better when they are used together, rather than when they are used separately. We also develop a new algorithm to calculate the scores, with a better average absolute difference, which is as high as 0.08969.
Differentiating Novice, Non expert and Expert Entrepreneurs: A Self regulated Learning Perspective

Entrepreneurial contexts are characterized by uncertainty, often requiring entrepreneurs to adapt in order to tackle the corresponding challenges and succeed. While entrepreneurial success may be explained by experiential learning, little is known as to why some experienced entrepreneurs are more successful at adapting to uncertain conditions. It has been suggested that these differences are due to enhanced cognitive resources that are analogous to those of experts. Since expertise can be developed through self regulated learning (SRL) our paper seeks to explain the missing link between experience and entrepreneurial success. By drawing from advances in expert research and a social cognitive view of self regulation, we develop a process oriented model of self regulated entrepreneurial learning (SREL) in order to explain why expert entrepreneurs are better able to self regulate and adapt their behavior during uncertainty (compared to novices and non experts) We further develop empirically testable research propositions, and discuss theoretical and practical implications for aspiring entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs alike.
Interpretacja i wizualizacja danych otworowych w utworach nizszego paleozoiku obszaru kratonu wschodnioeuropejskiego i karbonu podloza monokliny przedsudeckiej

Interpretation and visualization of well data in the lower Palaeozoic of the East European Craton and in the Carboniferous of the Fore Sudetic Homocline basement. A b s t r a c t. In order to determine the lithological complexes and to evaluate the prospective shale/tight gas zones, analysis of well data and a multi well correlation have been performed. Over 30 wells were used for the analysis. Lithostratigraphic units have been verified and correlated in the wells. In some of them, TOC (Total Organic Carbon) effective porosity and lithological profiles have been determined after calibration with the laboratory analysis performed on core samples. Vast majority of the gathered data were visualized in 10 correlation lines.
Facile fabrication of large grain CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx films for high efficiency solar cells via CH3NH3Br selective Ostwald ripening
Venue: Nature communications

Organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise as a low cost, high efficiency photovoltaic technology. Structural and electro optical properties of the perovskite absorber layer are most critical to device operation characteristics. Here we present a facile fabrication of high efficiency PSCs based on compact, large grain, pinhole free CH3NH3PbI3 xBrx (MAPbI3 xBrx) thin films with high reproducibility. A simple methylammonium bromide (MABr) treatment via spin coating with a proper MABr concentration converts MAPbI3 thin films with different initial film qualities (for example, grain size and pinholes) to high quality MAPbI3 xBrx thin films following an Ostwald ripening process, which is strongly affected by MABr concentration and is ineffective when replacing MABr with methylammonium iodide. A higher MABr concentration enhances I Br anion exchange reaction, yielding poorer device performance. This MABr selective Ostwald ripening process improves cell efficiency but also enhances device stability and thus represents a simple, promising strategy for further improving PSC performance with higher reproducibility and reliability.
Single step deposition of an interacting layer of a perovskite matrix with embedded quantum dots.
Venue: Nanoscale

Hybrid lead halide perovskite (PS) derivatives have emerged as very promising materials for the development of optoelectronic devices in the last few years. At the same time, inorganic nanocrystals with quantum confinement (QDs) possess unique properties that make them suitable materials for the development of photovoltaics, imaging and lighting applications, among others. In this work, we report on a new methodology for the deposition of high quality, large grain size and pinhole free PS films (CH3NH3PbI3) with embedded PbS and PbS/CdS core/shell Quantum Dots (QDs) The strong interaction between both semiconductors is revealed by the formation of an exciplex state, which is monitored by photoluminescence and electroluminescence experiments. The radiative exciplex relaxation is centered in the near infrared region (NIR) 1200 nm, which corresponds to lower energies than the corresponding band gap of both perovskite (PS) and QDs. Our approach allows the fabrication of multi wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on a PS matrix with embedded QDs, which show considerably low turn on potentials. The presence of the exciplex state of PS and QDs opens up a broad range of possibilities with important implications in both LEDs and solar cells.
Causes of Poor Academic Performance among Omani Students

Nowadays, poor academic performance is among the main concerns of teachers, syllabus designers, curriculum developers and the whole educational body. The issue becomes worse in non English speaking countries where the medium of instruction at colleges/ universities is English but students are exposed to English for a limited number of hours before beginning their study at college/university. To answer the question 'what are the causal factors that affect students' poor performances in non English speaking countries like Oman? 151 essays written by students who enrolled for post foundation program at Salalah College of Technology were examined carefully. The factors involved in students' low academic achievements categorized into four macro groups; student related factors, teacher related factors, family related factors and some other factors such as marriage, health problem, toxic friendships and transportation problem. The findings show that while student related factors have the highest impact on students' performance, teacher related factors had the lowest effect.
Factors Responsible for Improving Low Academic Performance on Adult Enrollees in Selected Literacy Centres in Ajeromi Ifelodun Local Government Area of Lagos State

This paper assessed factors responsible for improving low academic performance on adult enrollees in selected literacy centres in Ajeromi Ifelodun Local Government Area of Lagos State. The paper explores some factors that have contributed to the poor academic performance of adult enrollees as well as the major factors that are responsible for improving the low academic performance. Three null hypotheses were formulated for the study and the instrument that was used for the study was a questionnaire. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. One hundred adult learners were randomly selected from three continuing education centres in Ajeromi Ifelodun Local Government Area of Lagos State for data collection. Data was analyzed using frequency table, percentage and Chi square. From the results of the investigation, it was recommended that there is a need for government to look into the issue of adult teachers' promotion as stagnation of teachers in one job group is a recipe for dissatisfaction among teachers leading to poor service delivery and subsequently, low academic performance of learners in literacy centres.
Detecting Stance in Tweets And Analyzing its Interaction with Sentiment
Venue: *SEMEVAL

One may express favor (or disfavor) towards a target by using positive or negative language. Here for the first time we present a dataset of tweets annotated for whether the tweeter is in favor of or against pre chosen targets, as well as for sentiment. These targets may or may not be referred to in the tweets, and they may or may not be the target of opinion in the tweets. We develop a simple stance detection system that outperforms all 19 teams that participated in a recent shared task competition on the same dataset (SemEval 2016 Task #6) Additionally, access to both stance and sentiment annotations allows us to conduct several experiments to tease out their interactions. We show that while sentiment features are useful for stance classification, they alone are not sufficient. We also show the impacts of various features on detecting stance and sentiment, respectively.
An Interaction Approach Between Services for Extracting Relevant Data From Tweets Corpora

We present a system based on the need of special infrastructure adequate to software agents to operate, to compose and make sense from the contents of the Web resources through the development of a multi agent system oriented services interactions. Our method follows the different construction ontology techniques and updates them by extracting new terms and integrate them to the ontology.It is based on the detection phrases via the ontological database DBPedia. The system treats each syntagme extracted from the corpus of messages and verifies whether it is possible to associate them directly to a DBPedia knowledge. In case of failure, these service agents interact with each other in order to find the best possible answer to the problem, by operating directly in the phrase, trying to semantically modify it, until the association with ontological knowledge becomes possible. The advantage of our approach is its modularity it is both possible to add modify delete a service or define a new one, and then influence the outcome product. We could compare the results extracted from a heterogeneous body of messages from the Twitter social network with Tagme method, based mainly on storage and annotation of encyclopaedic corpus.
Middle school students' reactions to a 1:1 iPad initiative and a paperless curriculum
Venue: Education and Information Technologies

In this study, 676 middle school students in grades 6, 7 and 8 were asked to complete a survey online, during class time, which asked them their opinions on using iPads in school. Responses to the survey questions were generally positive however comments written at the end were very critical of the initiative. Significant differences were found when comparing the responses of 6th, 7th and 8th grade students. Seventh grade students, who had been using the iPad since 6th grade, were significantly more positive than the 6th or 8th grade students. Also, the younger students in grade 6 were significantly more positive about using iPads than students in 8th grade. Gender differences were also found, with boys being more positive in their opinions than girls. Distraction and technical problems were among the problems students commented on, as well as eye strain from using the iPad for long periods of time. Increased engagement was evident from the high percentage of students who either agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that "the iPad makes learning more fun and interesting"
'I'm already standing up for our rights' Reflexive discourse and minority based activism in the trajectory of an adolescent in Hong Kong

This article engages with Archer's call to further research on reflexivity and social change under conditions of late modernity (2007, 2010, 2012) from the perspective of existing work on reflexive discourse in the language disciplines (Silverstein 1976, Lucy 1993) Drawing from a linguistic ethnography of the networked trajectories of a group of working class South Asian youth in Hong Kong (Perez Milans Soto 2014) we analyze the trajectory of Sita, a Hong Kong born young female with Nepali background. In her trajectory, performative acts of ethnic minority based activism emerge as key in the enactment of a given set of values, stances, types of persona and situated forms of alignment/disalignment. That is to say, Sita's enactment of activism is seen in this article as tied to a discourse register (Agha 2007: 147) As such, 'talking/doing activism' is inter textually linked to a speech chain network of a group of secondary school students, teachers, researchers and communitybased minority activists engaged with Sita in various interrelated projects for social empowerment. Analysis of interview transcripts, online chats and multimodal artifacts shows the extent to which the coordinated formation of this discourse register proved useful in providing Sita with relevant cultural capital (Bourdieu 1986) with which she shaped her own academic trajectory, from a low prestige government subsidized secondary school to an elite international college. Data also point towards the need for further engagement with recent invitations to re imagining identity and social action under current conditions of diversification (Blommaert 2013)
Associations between liking for fat, sweet or salt and obesity risk in French adults: a prospective cohort study
Venue: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

BackgroundIndividual sensory liking appears to be an important determinant of dietary intake and may consequently influence weight status. Cross sectional studies have shown positive association between fat liking and weight status and equivocal results regarding salt and sweet liking. Moreover, the contribution of dietary intake to explain this relationship has not been studied yet. We investigated the prospective association between sensory liking for fat, sweet or salt and the onset of obesity over 5 years in adults, and the mediating effect of dietary intake.MethodsWe prospectively examine the risk of obesity among 24,776 French adults participating in the NutriNet Sante cohort study. Liking scores and dietary data were assessed at baseline using a validated web based questionnaire and 24 h records, respectively. Self reported anthropometric data were collected using web based questionnaire, each year during 5 years. Associations between quartiles of liking for fat, sweet or salt and obesity risk, and the mediating effect of diet were assessed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards models stratified by gender, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.ResultsIn both genders, sensory liking for fat was associated with an increased risk of obesity (hazard ratios for quartile 4 compared to quartile 1, men: HRQ4vs.Q1 2.39 (95 CI 1.39,4.11) P trend 0.0005, women: HRQ4vs.Q1 2.02 (1.51,2.71) P trend <0.0001) Dietary intake explained 32 in men and 52 in women of the overall variation of liking for fat in obesity. Sensory liking for sweet was associated with a decreased risk of obesity (men: HRQ4vs.Q1 0.51 (0.31,0.83) P trend 0.01, women: HRQ4vs.Q1 0.72 (0.54,0.96) P trend 0.035) No significant association between salt liking and the risk of obesity was found.ConclusionsUnlike sweet and salt liking, higher liking for fat appears to be a major risk factor of obesity, largely explained by dietary intake. Our findings emphasize the need to centrally position sensory liking in obesity prevention.
Sensitivity, hedonics and preferences for basic tastes and fat amongst adults and children of differing weight status: A comprehensive review

It is likely that variation in individual responsiveness to taste stimuli plays a pivotal role in food choice, however the importance of this role in relation to weight status is not yet known. This comprehensive review sought to determine if sensitivity, hedonics, and preference for the basic tastes and fat characteristics of food differs between normal and overweight/obese individuals. We identified 25 human studies (1980 2013) that sought to measure one or more variables' relationship to weight status. There is no clear evidence of a negative association between fat taste sensitivity and weight status, and little evidence of a relationship between sweet, salty, sour or bitter tastes and weight status. There was some evidence for an association for fat hedonics and a preference for fat and increased weight status. Amongst children there was suggestive evidence for a positive relationship between salt, dietary intake and weight status. There is a need to clearly define and adopt a hypothesis led approach, using more rigorous measures of sensory characterisation and dietary intake to better understand whether the sensory characteristics of diet influence food choices and weight status.
ALS Mutations Disrupt Phase Separation Mediated by a Helical Structure in the TDP 43 Low Complexity C Terminal Domain.
Venue: Structure

RNA binding protein TDP 43 mediates essential RNA processing but forms cytoplasmic neuronal inclusions via its C terminal domain (CTD) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) It remains unclear if aggregated TDP 43 is neurotoxic and if ~50 ALS associated missense mutations in TDP 43 CTD promote aggregation, or if loss of normal function plays a role in disease. Recent work points to the ability of related proteins to assemble into functional phase separated ribonucleoprotein granules via their structurally disordered prion like domains. Here, we provide atomic details on the structure and assembly of the low complexity CTD of TDP 43 into liquid liquid phase separated in vitro granules and demonstrate that ALS associated variants disrupt interactions within granules. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, simulation, and microscopy, we find that a subregion cooperatively but transiently folds into a helix that mediates TDP 43 phase separation. ALS associated mutations disrupt phase separation by inhibiting interaction and helical stabilization. Therefore, ALS associated mutations can disrupt TDP 43 interactions, affecting function beyond encouraging aggregation.