nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Question Answering over Knowledge Base and Free Text
Venue: COLING

Recent trend in question answering (QA) systems focuses on using structured knowledge bases (KBs) to find answers. While these systems are able to provide more precise answers than information retrieval (IR) based QA systems, the natural incompleteness of KB inevitably limits the question scope that the system can answer. In this paper, we present a hybrid question answering (hybrid QA) system which exploits both structured knowledge base and free text to answer a question. The main challenge is to recognize the meaning of a question using these two resources, i.e. structured KB and free text. To address this, we map relational phrases to KB predicates and textual relations simultaneously, and further develop an integer linear program (ILP) model to infer on these candidates and provide a globally optimal solution. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that our system can benefit from both structured KB and free text, outperforming the state of the art systems.
A Joint Model for Question Answering over Multiple Knowledge Bases
Venue: AAAI

As the amount of knowledge bases (KBs) grows rapidly, the problem of question answering (QA) over multiple KBs has drawn more attention. The most significant distinction between multiple KB QA and single KB QA is that the former must consider the alignments between KBs. The pipeline strategy first constructs the alignments independently, and then uses the obtained alignments to construct queries. However, alignment construction is not a trivial task, and the introduced noises would be passed on to query construction. By contrast, we notice that alignment construction and query construction are interactive steps, and jointly considering them would be beneficial. To this end, we present a novel joint model based on integer linear programming (ILP) uniting these two procedures into a uniform framework. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms state of the art systems, and is able to improve the performance of both alignment construction and query construction.
Examination of the Effects of Dimensionality on Cognitive Processing in Science: A Computational Modeling Experiment Comparing Online Laboratory Simulations and Serious Educational Games

Within the last 10 years, new tools for assisting in the teaching and learning of academic skills and content within the context of science have arisen. These new tools include multiple types of computer software and hardware to include (video) games. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the effect of computer learning games in the form of three dimensional serious educational games, two dimensional online laboratories, and traditional lecture based instruction in the context of student content learning in science. In particular, this study examines the impact of dimensionality, or the ability to move along the X Y and Z axis in the games. Study subjects (N 551) were randomly selected using a stratified sampling technique. Independent strata subsamples were developed based upon the conditions of serious educational games, online laboratories, and lecture. The study also computationally models a potential mechanism of action and compares two and three dimensional learning environments. F test results suggest a significant difference for the main effect of condition across the factor of content gain score with large effect. Overall, comparisons using computational models suggest that three dimensional serious educational games increase the level of success in learning as measured with content examinations through greater recruitment and attributional retraining of cognitive systems. The study supports assertions in the literature that the use of games in higher dimensions (i.e. three dimensional versus two dimensional) helps to increase student understanding of science concepts.
Violent Video Games and Violent Crime

Video games are an increasingly popular leisure activity. As many best selling games contain hyper realistic violence, many researchers and policymakers have hypothesized that violent games cause violent behaviors. Laboratory experiments have found evidence suggesting that violent video games increase aggression. Before drawing policy conclusions about the effect of violent games on actual behavior, these experimental studies should be subjected to tests of external validity. Our study uses a quasi experimental methodology to identify the short run and medium run effects of violent game sales on violent crime using time variation in retail unit sales data of the top 30 selling video games and violent criminal offenses from both the Uniform Crime Report and the National Incident Based Reporting System from 2005 to 2011. We find no evidence of an increase in crime associated with video games and perhaps a decrease.
Phased diploid genome assembly with single molecule real time sequencing
Venue: Nature Methods

While genome assembly projects have been successful in many haploid and inbred species, the assembly of noninbred or rearranged heterozygous genomes remains a major challenge. To address this challenge, we introduce the open source FALCON and FALCON Unzip algorithms (https:/github.com/PacificBiosciences/FALCON/ to assemble long read sequencing data into highly accurate, contiguous, and correctly phased diploid genomes. We generate new reference sequences for heterozygous samples including an F1 hybrid of Arabidopsis thaliana, the widely cultivated Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, and the coral fungus Clavicorona pyxidata, samples that have challenged short read assembly approaches. The FALCON based assemblies are substantially more contiguous and complete than alternate short or long read approaches. The phased diploid assembly enabled the study of haplotype structure and heterozygosities between homologous chromosomes, including the identification of widespread heterozygous structural variation within coding sequences.
Efficacy and Safety of Trabectedin or Dacarbazine for Metastatic Liposarcoma or Leiomyosarcoma After Failure of Conventional Chemotherapy: Results of a Phase III Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

This multicenter study, to our knowledge, is the first phase III trial to compare trabectedin versus dacarbazine in patients with advanced liposarcoma or leiomyosarcoma after prior therapy with an anthracycline and at least one additional systemic regimen.  Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive trabectedin or dacarbazine intravenously every 3 weeks. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) secondary end points were disease control progression free survival (PFS) time to progression, objective response rate, and duration of response as well as safety and patient reported symptom scoring.  A total of 518 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either trabectedin (n 345) or dacarbazine (n 173) In the final analysis of PFS, trabectedin administration resulted in a 45% reduction in the risk of disease progression or death compared with dacarbazine (median PFS for trabectedin v dacarbazine, 4.2 v 1.5 months; hazard ratio, 0.55; P .001) benefits were observed across all preplanned subgroup analyses. The interim analysis of OS (64% censored) demonstrated a 13% reduction in risk of death in the trabectedin arm compared with dacarbazine (median OS for trabectedin v dacarbazine, 12.4 v 12.9 months; hazard ratio, 0.87; P .37) The safety profiles were consistent with the well characterized toxicities of both agents, and the most common grade 3 to 4 adverse effects were myelosuppression and transient elevation of transaminases in the trabectedin arm.  Trabectedin demonstrates superior disease control versus conventional dacarbazine in patients who have advanced liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma after they experience failure of prior chemotherapy. Because disease control in advanced sarcomas is a clinically relevant end point, this study supports the activity of trabectedin for patients with these malignancies.
An update on the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease
Venue: Canadian Medical Association Journal

Parkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease.[1][1] Parkinson disease typically develops between the ages of 55 and 65 years and occurs in 1% 2% of people over the age of 60 years, rising to 3.5% at age 85 89 years.[2][2] [4][3] About 0.3% of
END THIS DEPRESSION NOW! A REVIEW OF PAUL KRUGMAN'S BOOK (W. W. NORTON COMPANY, NEW YORK, 2013)

Paul Krugman is an American economist, professor and columnist. In 2008 he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contribution to the literature on international trade. He is the author of more than 20 books and 200 scholarly articles, ranging from international economics through income to taxation. His most recent book, End This Depression Now! became a New York Times best seller in both hardcover and paperback. It focuses on examining how to recover from the depression, contributing to the discussions about whether to apply a Keynesian fiscal stimulus or implement austerity measures. In the paperback version, on which this review is based, the author evaluates whether the findings presented in the hardcover version remain well founded after recent major political and economic events (the US elections, and European austerity measures) and finds that the essential message remains unchanged. The book provides an easily comprehensible explanation of the depression, to even readers with a limited knowledge of the economic and financial sciences, although there are parts where Krugman dives deeper into specific details and offers a deeper understanding for more expert readers as well. Krugman's main thesis is that the economic disaster was just a minor malfunction of the economic engine which could have been avoided with more intellectual clarity and willingness to act by people in a position of power. Knowledge about previous depressions should be used more intensely, and the main remedy should be job creation instead of austerity measures. Although the financial sector suffered major losses, Krugman considers the human impact to be most important. Due to the crisis the unemployment rate doubled, and jobs which were available were downgraded or became lower paid. The high level of
Economic, demographic and environmental factors affecting urban land prices in the Arab sector in Israel

The land market in the Arab sector in Israel represents a real estate submarket that differs from the land market in the Jewish sector. This submarket is typified by a growing lack of building for residential projects and by widespread construction of homes on agricultural land, often without proper permits. The present study compares land prices in two towns of comparable size, located in close proximity from each other, one of which (Nazareth) has predominantly Arab population and the second one (Afula) is mostly Jewish populated. The analysis covers the period between 1998 and 2012 and is based on land transaction records, published by the Israel Tax Authority. The main study methods were the time trend analysis and multivariate regressions, in which the dependent variable, the price of land, was mutually compared with socio demographic and environmental variables representing the towns' population and geography. The study demonstrates that property values, reported to the tax authorities in Nazareth, tend to be lower than the actual worth of those properties, and that, despite the geographical proximity of the two towns and their comparable population size, land prices in Nazareth are significantly higher than those in Afula. We explain these differences by a limited supply of land for new development in Nazareth as well as by the opposing effects of the prime interest rate and of internal migration: a rise in both factors is positively correlated with increased land prices in Afula, but with lower land prices in Nazareth.
A novel shadow removal algorithm using Niblack segmentation in satellite images
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (ComNet)

Shadow is formed by the interaction of light with object. Effect of shadow is very crucial in the case of satellite image processing. Roads, buildings, trees etc are detected for various applications. But the interference of shadow makes mismatching of these objects. Several algorithms are being developed to detect and reconstruct the shadow region. This paper presents a Shadow detection technique based on Niblack segmentation. Niblack segmentation gives better shadow regions compared to Otsu's thresholding method and Sauvola based thresholding. Reconstruction of the shadow region is done by the Bayesian classifier. This classifier generate a training vector and reconstruct non shadow region from shadow region. Posterior probability is determined to reconstruct the non shadow image intensity level. This algorithm is successfully tested with VHSR images.
Enhanced dielectric properties of surface hydroxylated bismuth ferrite Poly (vinylidene fluoride co hexafluoropropylene) composites for energy storage devices

Dielectric properties of Poly (vinylidene fluoride co hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF HFP) based composites with surface hydroxylated BiFeO 3 (h BFO) particles were prepared by solution casting techniques. The h BFO fillers were synthesized from BiFeO 3 in aqueous solution of H 2 O 2 The result showed that the dielectric properties of the h BFO PVDF HFP composite exhibits better dielectric properties than that of the unmodified BFO PVDF HFP composites. Meanwhile, the 30 wt% of h BFO PVDF HFP composite showed higher dielectric constant, better suppressed dielectric loss, high remnant polarization and high electrical conductivity. It is suggested that the strong interaction between h BFO particles and PVDF HFP matrix at the interface is the key role in the enhancement of the dielectric properties. It is helpful to understand the influence of surface hydroxylation on the interfaces between the filler and the polymer matrix. The outcome of this study may be exploited in the progress of high energy storage device applications.
Materializing Memory, Mood, and Agency: The Emotional Geographies of the Modern Kitchen

Drawing upon narrative and visual ethnographic data collected from households in the UK, this article explores the material and emotional geographies of the domestic kitchen. Acknowledging that emotions are dynamically related and co constitutive of place, rather than presenting the kitchen as a simple backdrop against which domestic life is played out, the article illustrates how decisions regarding the design and layout of the kitchen and the consumption of material artefacts are central to the negotiation and doing of relationships and accomplishment of domestic life. Based on fieldwork in northern England, the article examines the affective potential of domestic space and its material culture, exploring how individuals are embodied in the fabric and layout of domestic space, and how memories may be materialized in their absence.
Analysis of matched case control studies
Venue: British Medical Journal

There are two common misconceptions about case control studies: that matching in itself eliminates (controls) confounding by the matching factors, and that if matching has been performed, then a "matched analysis" is required. However, matching in a case control study does not control for confounding by the matching factors; in fact it can introduce confounding by the matching factors even when it did not exist in the source population. Thus, a matched design may require controlling for the matching factors in the analysis. However, it is not the case that a matched design requires a matched analysis. Provided that there are no problems of sparse data, control for the matching factors can be obtained, with no loss of validity and a possible increase in precision, using a "standard" (unconditional) analysis, and a "matched" (conditional) analysis may not be required or appropriate.
Psychopathic traits affect the visual exploration of facial expressions
Venue: Biological Psychology

Deficits in emotional reactivity and recognition have been reported in psychopathy. Impaired attention to the eyes along with amygdala malfunctions may underlie these problems. Here, we investigated how different facets of psychopathy modulate the visual exploration of facial expressions by assessing personality traits in a sample of healthy young adults using an eye tracking based face perception task. Fearless Dominance (the interpersonal emotional facet of psychopathy) and Coldheartedness scores predicted reduced face exploration consistent with findings on lowered emotional reactivity in psychopathy. Moreover, participants high on the social deviance facet of psychopathy 'Self Centered Impulsivity' showed a reduced bias to shift attention towards the eyes. Our data suggest that facets of psychopathy modulate face processing in healthy individuals and reveal possible attentional mechanisms which might be responsible for the severe impairments of social perception and behavior observed in psychopathy.
Dynamiques morpho sedimentaires des avant plages et impact sur les stocks sableux vers une meilleure strategie de gestion des risques cotiers

Le phenomene global d'erosion cotiere, notamment sur les rivages d'accumulation, tend a accroitre les risques cotiers (erosion et submersion) dans les secteurs a enjeux. Dans ce contexte, les strategies visant a la gestion des stocks sableux cotiers au sein meme des cellules hydro sedimentaires apparaissent comme une reponse potentielle a la gestion locale de l'erosion des accumulations littorales, et au dela a la gestion de ces risques. Ces perspectives se heurtent encore a une insuffisance de connaissance des dynamiques geomorphologiques des avant plages (partie immergee de la cellule) Pour autant, la connaissance des echanges au sein de la cellule et avec le large sont au coeur de la comprehension du fonctionnement des systemes littoraux sableux. Les objectifs de cette these sont de renforcer les connaissances geomorphologiques des stocks sableux et de leur mobilite au sein des cellules littorales et, par l'amelioration de cette connaissance, de contribuer a l'elaboration de strategies de gestion des risques cotiers.La comparaison de leves bathymetriques multi temporels sur le temps long (seculaire) et court (annuel) a une echelle regionale et locale met en evidence les evolutions des avant plages sur les cotes bretonnes du debut du XXeme siecle a nos jours. Ainsi, un des resultats majeurs est une inversion des tendances d'evolutions au milieu du XXeme siecle. Une situation d'accretion ou de stabilite relative laisse place a une erosion generalisee des avant plages sur les cotes bretonnes. L'interpretation et la discussion de ces resultats permettent d'avancer des facteurs explicatifs de ces evolutions tels que les forcages meteo marins et anthropiques et les contraintes structurales.
Parallelization of unit propagation algorithm for SAT based ATPG of digital circuits
Venue: 2016 28th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM)

The recent enhancements in Boolean Satisfiability solving has made SAT solvers a core engine for many real world applications especially for Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) in digital circuits. The majority of solving time is spent on iteratively propagating variable assignments that are inferred by decisions, so the Unit propagation (UP) is the most significant part in the Satisfiability problem. Parallelization of unit propagation in SAT solvers is a compelling way of obtaining an efficient procedure for the propositional satisfiability problem. This paper presents an efficient parallel unit propagation scheme utilizing the NVidia Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) one of the most popular platforms for GPU computing. The paper presents experiments with two different design approaches and evaluates the results using a C+ algorithm for generating a 3D SAT based formula of VLSI digital circuits from ISCAS'85 benchmark. The outcomes demonstrate the potential for the Unit Propagation (UP) leading to high execution performance using a simple NVIDIA platform. Both parallel algorithms have achieved speeds of 1.88x and 2.13x correspondingly using ISCAS'85 benchmark in comparison to previously published results.
Rituparno Ghosh: Cinema, Gender and Art

An iconic filmmaker and inheritor of the legendary Satyajit Ray's legacy, Rituparno Ghosh was one of the finest auteurs to emerge out of contemporary Bengal. His films, though rooted firmly in middle class values, desires and aspirations, are highly critical of hetero patriarchal power structures. From the very outset, Ghosh displayed a strong feminist sensibility which later evolved into radical queer politics. This volume analyses his films, his craft, his stardom and his contribution to sexual identity politics. In this first scholarly study undertaken on Rituparno Ghosh, the essays discuss the cultural import of his work within the dynamics of a rapidly evolving film industry in Bengal and more largely the cinematic landscape of India. The anthology also contains a conversation section (interviews with the filmmaker and with industry cast and crew) drawing a critical and personal portrait of this remarkable filmmaker.
An optimal and intelligent control strategy for a class of nonlinear systems: adaptive fuzzy sliding mode

In this paper, an optimal adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is presented for a class of nonlinear systems. In the proposed control, in the beginning, the boundaries of parametric uncertainties, disturbances and un modeled dynamics are reduced using a feedback linearization approach. Next, in order to overcome the remaining uncertainties, a sliding mode controller is designed. Mathematical proof shows that the closed loop system with the proposed control is globally asymptotically stable. Using sliding mode control causes the undesirable chattering phenomenon to occur in the control input. Next, in order to remove the undesirable chattering phenomenon, an adaptive fuzzy approximator is designed to approximate the maximum boundary of the remaining uncertainties. Another mathematical proof shows that the closed loop system with the proposed control is globally asymptotically stable in the presence of structured and unstructured uncertainties, and external disturbances. Finally, the self adaptive modified bat algorithm is used to determine the coefficients of the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control and the coefficients of the membership functions of the adaptive fuzzy approximator. To investigate the performance of the proposed controller, an inverted pendulum system is used as a case study. Simulation results verify the desirable performance of the optimal adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control.