nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Chinese patent medicine, Shexiang Baoxin Pill, for Non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: A systematic review.
Venue: Journal of ethnopharmacology

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shexiang Baoxin Pill (SXBXP) is a well known Chinese patent medicine, widely used for Non ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS) It is composed of seven materia medicas or extracts (Moschus, Radix Ginseng, Calculus Bovis, Cortex Cinnamomi, Styrax, Venenum Bufonis and Borneolum Syntheticum) AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed to systematically review the relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the efficacy and safety of SXBXP for long term management of NSTE ACS.  A systematic review and meta analysis were carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing long term Shexiang Baoxin Pill with conventional treatment, with outcome measures relating to efficacy and safety were selected. Primary clinical outcome was the risk of cardiovascular events, secondary outcomes were hospitalizations, angina symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements, and adverse events.  Eleven RCTs recruiting 1389 patients were included, the overall risk of bias of the included trials is high and the quality poor. Compared with conventional treatment alone, long term Shexiang Baoxin Pill plus conventional treatment might be more effective in lowering the risk of cardiovascular events (RR=0.36, 95% CI 0.26 0.49, <0.00001) hospitalizations (RR=0.38, 95% CI 0.21 0.67, P=0.0009) and improving angina symptoms (RR=1.19, 95% CI 1.13 1.26, P<0.00001) ECG measurements (RR=1.25, 95% CI 1.13 1.39, P<0.00001) Overall rate of adverse events was not elevated (P=0.43) CONCLUSIONS From the available evidence, SXBXP added to conventional treatment may have beneficial effects on the long term outcomes of NSTE ACS, without serious adverse events. However, given the high risk of bias and low quality of the included trials, currently, there is no adequate evidence to draw any conclusions about its routine use. Large, methodologically sound trials are needed to further assess its effects.
A transformed jump adapted backward Euler method for jump extended CIR and CEV models
Venue: Numerical Algorithms

A novel time stepping scheme, called transformed jump adapted backward Euler method, is developed in this paper to simulate a class of jump extended CIR and CEV models. The proposed scheme is able to preserve the positivity of the underlying problems. Furthermore, its strong convergence rate of order one is recovered for the considered models with non Lipschitz diffusion coefficients. Numerical examples are finally reported to confirm our theoretical findings.
Automated independent coordinates' switching for the solution of stiff DAEs with the linearly implicit Euler method

The real time (RT) integration of the equations of motion describing complex mechanical systems requires the employment of proper integration schemes which must be able to handle the time integration at each time step in less than an a priori fixed sampling time interval. The linearly implicit Euler method has been successfully employed for the RT integration of large stiff differential algebraic systems of equations (DAEs) which typically arise from the complex mechanical systems of interest in practical applications. The current industry demand is to further increase the degree of complexity of multibody models employed in RT applications, pushing researchers to improve the efficiency of the currently available integration methods. In this paper, we investigate the improvements in the efficiency of the linearly implicit Euler method coming from the conversion of the equations of motion at each time step from a dependent to an independent coordinates' formulation. The automatic switching from dependent to independent coordinates is achieved exploiting the properties of the matrix R whose columns represent a basis of the null space of the constraint Jacobian matrix. A non iterative projection method is also applied in order to avoid the drift off from the constraint conditions.
Effectiveness of EDACS Versus ADAPT Accelerated Diagnostic Pathways for Chest Pain: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Embedded Within Practice.
Venue: Annals of emergency medicine

A 2 hour accelerated diagnostic pathway based on the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score, ECG, and troponin measures (ADAPT ADP) increased early discharge of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction presenting to the emergency department compared with standard care (from 11% to 19.3% Observational studies suggest that an accelerated diagnostic pathway using the Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS ADP) may further increase this proportion. This trial tests for the existence and size of any beneficial effect of using the EDACS ADP in routine clinical care.  This was a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of adults with suspected acute myocardial infarction, comparing the ADAPT ADP and the EDACS ADP. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients discharged to outpatient care within 6 hours of attendance, without subsequent major adverse cardiac event within 30 days.  Five hundred fifty eight patients were recruited, 279 in each arm. Sixty six patients (11.8% had a major adverse cardiac event within 30 days (ADAPT ADP 29; EDACS ADP 37) 11.1% more patients (95% confidence interval 2.8% to 19.4% were identified as low risk in EDACS ADP (41.6% than in ADAPT ADP (30.5% No low risk patients had a major adverse cardiac event within 30 days (0.0% [0.0% to 1.9% There was no difference in the primary outcome of proportion discharged within 6 hours (EDACS ADP 32.3% ADAPT ADP 34.4% difference 2.1% 10.3% to 6.0% P=.65) CONCLUSION There was no difference in the proportion of patients discharged early despite more patients being classified as low risk by the EDACS ADP than the ADAPT ADP. Both accelerated diagnostic pathways are effective strategies for chest pain assessment and resulted in an increased rate of early discharges compared with previously reported rates.
Review article: Diagnostic accuracy of risk stratification tools for patients with chest pain in the rural emergency department: A systematic review
Venue: Emergency medicine Australasia EMA

Risk stratification tools for patients presenting to rural EDs with undifferentiated chest pain enable early definitive treatment in high risk patients. This systematic review compares the most commonly used risk stratification tools used to predict the risk of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) for patients presenting to rural EDs with chest pain. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and Embase for studies published between January 2011 and January 2015 was undertaken. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS 2 criteria and the PRISMA guidelines.Eleven studies using eight risk stratification tools met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of MACE in the patients stratified as suitable for discharge, and the percentage of patients whose scores would have recommended admission that did not experience a MACE event were used as comparisons. Using the findings of a survey of emergency physicians that found a 1% MACE rate acceptable in discharged patients, the EDACS ADP was considered the best performer. EDACS ADP had one of the lowest rates of MACE in those discharged (3/1148, 0.3% and discharged one of the highest percentage of patients (44.5% Only the GRACE tool discharged more patients (69% all patients with scores <100) but had a MACE rate of 0.3% in discharged patients. The HFA/CSANZ guidelines achieved zero cases of MACE but discharged only 1.3% of patients.EDACS ADP can potentially increase diagnostic efficiency of patients presenting at ED with chest pain. Further assessment of tool in a rural context is recommended.
Contemporary Nigerian Popular music: A Menace to National Development

There is no gainsaying that most of the recent forms of contemporary popular music produced, packaged, made available for public consumption constitute grave danger and serious threat to moral uprightness in Nigerian society. This has exposed the Nigerian society to a wide variety of insecurity and violence. This is evident as seen from series of moral decadence and dissipation that infiltrated the lives of the citizenry especially the youths (the leaders of tomorrow) ranging from, sexual abuse, money mongering, indiscipline, examination malpractice and indecent dressing to mention but a few. Music is a powerful tool and a force for mobilization which brings about either reformation or deformation of character due to the type of rhythm, melody, harmony and principally the lyrics of the songs. This paper examines the new trend of contemporary popular music in Nigeria with a view to assess its negative and pessimistic impacts on the character molding of the citizenry in Nigerian society. Live performances of contemporary popular music were observed and audio and video tape materials relating to the said music were also analyzed based on their educational and moral values of such songs. It wa s discovered that contemporary popular music as we have it today in Nigeria communicates vulgarity and coarseness to the listeners and this poses a lot of negative effects on the attitude of the youths. Musician s employ indecent words to attract the youth thus creating negative influence on the character of the leaders of tomorrow (the youth) to engage in various debauchery. The paper therefore, suggested that relevant agencies should be put in place to ensure that apart from entertainment, music should convey positive character building messages rather than music that egg on and motivate illicit acts. Likewise, musicians should compose songs in the spirit of societal reformation so as to impact moral virtues on the younger generation thus encouraging holistic human development.
Stakeholder Management on Construction Projects: A Key Indicator for Project Success

Participation is now an international agenda for ensuring full representation of people in terms of their ideas, feeling and decision on matters concerning their development. It has been observed that most projects fail after implementation not due to poor execution but rather due poor stakeholder consultation and engagement. The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers to stakeholder involvement in developmental projects at the grassroots level and examine the impact of stakeholder involvement on the success of projects implemented. Data was gathered through structured questionnaires distributed to ordinary citizens, community leaders and local authority staff in selected district assemblies in Ghana. Analysis of structured questionnaires revealed that there was inadequate explanation of the background, technical and material justification for the project to the stakeholders prior to project initiation. Stakeholders held that they had difficulty in participating in technical discussions and there was the perceived unwillingness of project implementers to involve them during decision making, to this end, the impact of stakeholders towards project success was significant. To overcome the challenge of stakeholder involvement and meaningful impact to projects, stakeholders must develop capacities to contribute meaningfully in discussions or delegate their concerns to professional representatives. To this end, projects implementers must acknowledge the value of stakeholders and embark on stakeholder outreach to solicit their involvement for enhanced project success.
An Overview of the ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer Specification
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting

This paper provides an overview of the physical layer specification of Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0, the next generation digital terrestrial broadcasting standard. ATSC 3.0 does not have any backwards compatibility constraint with existing ATSC standards, and it uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based waveforms along with powerful low density parity check (LDPC) forward error correction codes similar to existing state of the art. However, it introduces many new technological features such as 2 D non uniform constellations, improved and ultra robust LDPC codes, power based layered division multiplexing to efficiently provide mobile and fixed services in the same radio frequency (RF) channel, as well as a novel frequency pre distortion multiple input single output antenna scheme. ATSC 3.0 also allows bonding of two RF channels to increase the service peak data rate and to exploit inter RF channel frequency diversity, and to employ dual polarized multiple input multiple output antenna system. Furthermore, ATSC 3.0 provides great flexibility in terms of configuration parameters (e.g. 12 coding rates, 6 modulation orders, 16 pilot patterns, 12 guard intervals, and 2 time interleavers) and also a very flexible data multiplexing scheme using time, frequency, and power dimensions. As a consequence, ATSC 3.0 not only improves the spectral efficiency and robustness well beyond the first generation ATSC broadcast television standard, but also it is positioned to become the reference terrestrial broadcasting technology worldwide due to its unprecedented performance and flexibility. Another key aspect of ATSC 3.0 is its extensible signaling, which will allow including new technologies in the future without disrupting ATSC 3.0 services. This paper provides an overview of the physical layer technologies of ATSC 3.0, covering the ATSC A/321 standard that describes the so called bootstrap, which is the universal entry point to an ATSC 3.0 signal, and the ATSC A/322 standard that describes the physical layer downlink signals after the bootstrap. A summary comparison between ATSC 3.0 and DVB T2 is also provided.
Recent developments of solar energy in India: Perspectives, strategies and future goals

Power is the most paramount ingredient of infrastructure for growth in economics and welfare of a nation. Development for sustaining the growth of the Indian economy in the existing infrastructure is crucial. The power sector of India is one of the largest expanded power sectors in the world. Due to the continuous increment in electricity demand day by day, Indian power sector is interfacing some challenges to maintain the balance between the power generation and demand with suffering from supply constraints and shortages in power. For maintaining the ratio of generation and demand of power, moving from conventional sources to non conventional sources is not only an option, it is a necessity. The importance of using solar as an energy source in India's perspectives in not only to increase power generation, but also to expand energy reliability with considering the environmental, social, independent and financial beneficial properties. This paper analyzes the recent scenario, strategies, availability, future potential, policies and development of solar energy in emerging Indian power sector.
Monitoring the land use/cover changes and habitat quality using Landsat dataset and landscape metrics under the immigration effect in subalpine eastern Turkey
Venue: Environmental Earth Sciences

Monitoring the land use/cover change (LUCC) is a vital part of the ecological planning in fast changing regions. Fast industrial developments, local social dynamics like internal security problems and hard life conditions in rural places can impact LUCC directly. The purpose of this paper was to detect LUCC and its effects on landscape ecology using landscape metrics (LMs) in the Tatvan region of Turkey located in eastern Anatolia. Landscape of the Tatvan region has been transformed due to two main reasons: fast developing industries in Turkey and security problems in the eastern Anatolian regions since 1985. Landsat 5 TM 1989 and Landsat 8 OLI 2013 satellite images were used to detect LUCC for 24 years. Additionally, landscape changes were evaluated based on LMs to observe the habitat quality change. As a result of the study, settlement areas were increased almost 100 in 24 years because of immigration from rural to urban areas. At the same time, grasslands were transformed into agricultural lands, settlement and forestlands. Therefore, agricultural activities increased by 45 Animal production was the main income in the 1980s, but while the rural population decreased, agricultural activities and industrial income increased around the cities thus animal production lost importance after 2010. From the results of the edge density, mean core area, total core area, mean patch area, Shannon's diversity index and shape index values, it was observed that overall habitat quality decreased in 24 years.
National level landslide susceptibility assessment of Turkey utilizing public domain dataset
Venue: Environmental Earth Sciences

Landslide studies have been integrated into geographic information systems with the help of technological developments using several methods like inventory, heuristic, statistic and deterministic methods in the recent years. However, since a nationwide landslide susceptibility zoning map has not been produced for the entire territory of Turkey, this study aims to produce a landslide susceptibility map of Turkey at a national scale by utilizing publicly available datasets. In order to develop a landslide susceptibility map of Turkey at the scale of 1:2,000,000, an index based calculation, which considers six factors (slope, lithology, local relief, rainfall, land use, seismicity) that covers the entire territory of Turkey and controls the occurrence of landslides, was applied in a 500 x 500 m pixel resolution. Each layer (factor) having various effects on landslide susceptibility has been merged into the model with assigned weights. Four different weight groups were assigned to the layer sets through expert judgement in order to capture the layer variability for landslide susceptibility in Turkey. The performances of four different weight groups were compared and evaluated by using a receiver operator characteristics curve for minimizing the uncertainty of expert judgement procedure. It was observed that the W3 group was superior to the other weight groups in prediction skills. The susceptibility map of W3 has been classified into five groups: no, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility. The no susceptibility class represents 4.2 of the Turkish territory (plains and low hills) low susceptibility class 36.4 medium susceptibility 8.3 high susceptibility 47.5 and very high susceptibility class 3.6 mostly in the western and middle Black Sea regions, respectively.
Exchange rate volatility and international trade: International evidence from the MINT countries

This paper examines the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade volumes for Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey. We use volatility predicted from GARCH models for both nominal and real effective exchange rate data. To detect the long term relationship we use the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach, while for the short term effects, Granger causality models are employed. The results show that, in the long term, there is no linkage between exchange rate volatility and international trade activities except for Turkey, and even in this case, the magnitude of the effect of volatility is quite small. In the short term, however, a significant causal relationship from volatility to import/export demand is detected for Indonesia and Mexico. In the case of Nigeria, unidirectional causality from export demand to volatility is found, while for Turkey, no causality between volatility and import/export demand is detected.
International Trade and Job Polarization: Evidence at the Worker Level

This paper examines the role of international trade for job polarization, the phenomenon in which employment for high and low wage occupations increases but mid wage occupations decline. With employer employee matched data on virtually all workers and firms in Denmark between 1999 and 2009, we use instrumental variables techniques and a quasi natural experiment to show that import competition is a major cause of job polarization. Import competition with China accounts for about 17% of the aggregate decline in mid wage employment. Many mid skill workers are pushed into low wage service jobs while others move into high wage jobs. The direction of movement, up or down, turns on the skill focus of workers' education. Workers with vocational training for a service occupation can avoid moving into low wage service jobs, and among them workers with information technology education are far more likely to move into high wage jobs than other workers.
Micro, macro, and strategic forces in international trade invoicing: Synthesis and novel patterns

The currency used in invoicing international trade matters for the impact of exchange rate movements in the presence of price rigidities. We present stylized facts on specific macro, micro and other drivers of invoicing based on 45 million Canadian import transactions. Four main results emerge. First, a large share of invoicing takes place in "vehicle" currencies that are neither the exporters nor the importers. Second, we document a novel link between the size of individual transactions and invoicing. Both the absolute value of a transaction and its relative size at the industry level matter. Third, the exchange rate plays an important role along three dimensions: exchange rate volatility, exchange rate regime, and currency transaction volumes in foreign exchange markets. Finally, we confirm the role of the market share of an exporting country at the industry level. Our results identify the most salient patterns in order to guide further developments in theoretical models of invoicing currency choice.
Improving the peer review of narrative literature reviews
Venue: Research integrity and peer review

As the size of the published scientific literature has increased exponentially over the past 30 years, review articles play an increasingly important role in helping researchers to make sense of original research results. Literature reviews can be broadly classified as either "systematic" or "narrative" Narrative reviews may be broader in scope than systematic reviews, but have been criticised for lacking synthesis and rigour. The submission of more scientific manuscripts requires more researchers acting as peer reviewers, which requires adding greater numbers of new reviewers to the reviewing population over time. However, whereas there are many easily accessible guides for reviewers of primary research manuscripts, there are few similar resources to assist reviewers of narrative reviews. Here, I summarise why literature reviews are valued by their diverse readership and how peer reviewers with different levels of content expertise can improve the reliability and accessibility of narrative review articles. I then provide a number of recommendations for peer reviewers of narrative literature reviews, to improve the integrity of the scientific literature, while also ensuring that narrative review articles meet the needs of both expert and non expert readers.