nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new design methodology for four bar linkage mechanisms based on derivations of coupler curve

This paper presents a new design methodology for crank rocker four bar linkages based on differential objective functions. Firstly, to avoid obtaining a mechanism with an unintended trajectory shape, we classified the trajectory of the linkage into four types of shapes. Two step optimization for a specific shape type is proposed. In the first step, the shape of the trajectory is obtained by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) between the slope (first order derivative) of the coupler point and that of the target trajectory. The size of the trajectory is then determined by minimizing the RMSE between the change in angle of slope (second order derivative) of the coupler point and that of the desired trajectory. This new approach has three advantages: i) the desired trajectory can be set as a continuous and closed loop, ii) the optimal solution can be obtained without the possibility of generating a mechanism with an unintended coupler curve, and iii) the method can take account of the velocity of the output for each section with a constant input velocity. Three case studies were conducted to verify the advantages of the new approach based on a new index called the goodness of traceability.
New advances in decision making theory under uncertainty and its application in mega projects of hydropower

Hydropower constitutes the main generation apparatus in Colombia, producing 64.2% of all power, so that the country is currently developing three mega projects with an installed capacity above 400 MW and two more hydroelectric construction projects are being considered. In spite of the need to expand electricity service coverage, the social consciousness about necessity of new hydropower generation developments and the expertise teams behind their execution, uncertainty over environmental impact is rarely totally estimated. This study uses the cumulative prospect theory by Kahneman and Tversky, to determine the scenarios in which large organisations tend towards losses among the uncertain environmental impact situations. It also will set prospect theory in an original and practical update arena to modelling the decision making process and propose a policy, which manages to turn losses, linked to uncertainty, into income opportunities by enforcing the uses of external data.
The effect of co creation experience on outcome variable

This study examines the underlying dimensions of co creation of an experience in the context of tourism and its effects on behavioral consequences such as tourists' satisfaction with the co creation of an experience, subjective well being, and loyalty to the service provider. The purpose of the study is achieved by showing that that tourists' co creation of an experience positively affects the vacation experience and loyalty to the service provider. In turn, satisfaction with the vacation experience influences overall life satisfaction. The results of this study should help service providers change strategies and implement a platform for creating unique co creation of experiences, allowing tourists to become more physically and emotionally engaged in the planning of their vacations.
Microencapsulation of C Phycocyanin by Microfludics

C phycocyanin a blue colored pigment from Spirulina platensis is selected as encapsulating biomaterial. This pigment is a phycobiliprotein is used as natural dye and has good therapeutic values. In the present study, C phycocyanin is encapsulated within calcium alginate gel matrix using microfluidic device. A microfluidic device comprising of two cross junction channels (100 um depth, 200 um width) is designed for encapsulation of the pigment. Micro fluidic devices have been used for continuous synthesis, control, and characterization of high quality droplets, in which the synthesis process can deliver mono dispersed size distribution. C phycocyanin pigment is mixed with sodium alginate solution dispersed through the microfluidic channel. Droplet formed in the microfluidic channel is further reacted with Calcium Chloride at the outlet of the channel. Monodispersed high throughput encapsulated C phycocyanin was produced with a microencapsulated droplet size of 95 100 mm. The size of the droplet was confirmed by scanning electron microscope. The drop formation mechanism is been studied and compared with the literature. The proposed microfluidic method of microencapsulation is capable of generating high quality gel matrix of uniform size.
Reading comprehension intervention for high functioning children with autism spectrum disorders

The prevalence of children with autism spectrum disorders appears to be on the increase and educators are becoming more aware of their educational and social needs. In particular, many students with high functioning autism have a deficit in reading comprehension. As a consequence, there is now a greater determination by educators to design the most appropriate reading interventions to address their specific learning impairments. This article outlines a balanced instructional framework for reading comprehension intervention that includes a three levelled structure incorporating language decoding, language comprehension and metacognitive processes. Research suggests that reading comprehension intervention should focus on reading for meaning by incorporating visual and verbal cognitive strategies to enhance the development of local and global inferencing skills. The framework highlights the need to develop language, social and self regulation abilities in association with dialogic interaction.
A similarity based reuse system for injection mold design in automotive interior industry

Injection mold design of automotive interior is knowledge intensive and time consuming; therefore, it is important to reuse previous design instead of designing from scratch. This work proposed a systematic similarity based approach to reuse design resources. With transformation of native CAD format to STEP for global and partial retrieval, the process of reuse constitutes five steps: (i) initial retrieval for candidates parts, (ii) precise retrieval for similar case based on typical surface retrieval, (iii) adaptation of similar case such as mold base, (iv) reuse forming mechanism based on partial retrieval of detailed feature similarity, and (v) instance detection and automatic locating of forming mechanism based on partial similarity. While hierarchical representation of CAD models proposed in our previous work serves as the kernel of retrieval, parametric assembly modeling and visual based automation testing are integrated in the reuse process of mold base in step (iii) A case study of the proposed reuse approach is provided, and feedback from automotive interior industry validated its feasibility.
Validation of an Improved Patient Specific Mold Design for Registration of In vivo MRI and Histology of the Prostate
Venue: CLIP@MICCAI

Fusion of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with whole mount histology of the prostate is facilitated by the use of a patient specific mold, that is designed from in vivo MRI. The mold defines specific sectioning planes with the same orientation and position relative to the prostate as the stack of MRI slices, reducing the registration problem from a 3D to a 2D problem. We present an innovative mold design that specifies the in and outflow of the urethra as additional landmarks for correct positioning of the prostate in the mold, that allows for the fresh prostate tissue to be fixated inside the mold such that its in vivo shape is maintained, and that allows for ex vivo MRI of the prostate in the mold in alignment with in vivo MRI using the mold as reference frame. Using high resolution 3D ex vivo MRI aligned with in vivo MRI, we demonstrate that our improved mold design results in a more accurate positioning of the prostate inside the mold, significantly reducing out of plane rotational offsets. Initial results show that the proposed workflow has the potential to provide detailed histopathological ground truth for the quantitative interpretation of in vivo and ex vivo MRI in prostate cancer.
Blood Pressure Monitoring on the Cloud System in Elderly Community Centres: A Data Capturing Platform for Application Research in Public Health
Venue: 2016 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Big Data (CCBD)

Technology on the cloud frameworks in healthcare data management and analytics has opened new horizons for public health research. Hypertension is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, telemonitoring blood pressure (BP) has been suggested as an effective tool for BP control. However, elderly people always have difficulties when using electronic health monitoring devices at home. BP data capturing with cloud technology in elderly community centres under guidance and with healthcare provider alert function is a pioneer. In this study, the infrastructure of data collection is constructed on the cloud to capture behavioral data on BP meter use and BP readings. BP data will be generated by the daily use of BP measurement and uploaded to the cloud. All personal characteristics, electronic health records, BP data and call log with nurse can be encrypted and store on the cloud. The remote platform on the cloud can provide efficient analytic performance on huge volume of data with high velocity of data creation in a population based study. Data mining on the BP measurement will help to better understand the ways to control hypertension. This platform will also be potentially used in other epidemiological studies in public health.
How Far are We from Solving Pedestrian Detection?
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Encouraged by the recent progress in pedestrian detection, we investigate the gap between current state of the art methods and the "perfect single frame detector" We enable our analysis by creating a human baseline for pedestrian detection (over the Caltech dataset) and by manually clustering the recurrent errors of a top detector. Our results characterise both localisation and background versusforeground errors. To address localisation errors we study the impact of training annotation noise on the detector performance, and show that we can improve even with a small portion of sanitised training data. To address background/foreground discrimination, we study convnets for pedestrian detection, and discuss which factors affect their performance. Other than our in depth analysis, we report top performance on the Caltech dataset, and provide a new sanitised set of training and test annotations.
A cross sectional survey of occupational history as a wildland firefighter and health.
Venue: American journal of industrial medicine

Little is known regarding the impact of long term wildland firefighting on health. Our objective was to investigate associations between duration of wildland firefighting experience and the prevalence of self reported health outcomes.  We ascertained employment, health, and demographic information on 499 current wildland firefighters (WLFFs) via questionnaire.  Relative to those with less than 10 years of experience as a WLFF, those with 10 19 years of experience had significantly greater odds of having ever been diagnosed with hypertension, as did those with 20 or more years of experience. Significant associations were observed for report of physician diagnosed heart arrhythmia and previous knee surgery.  We observed significant links between a greater number of years as a WLFF and self report of two subclinical cardiovascular risk factors as well as markers of musculoskeletal health. Additional studies are needed to determine if findings can be generalized to all WLFFs.
Injury Risk and Noise Exposure in Firefighter Training Operations.
Venue: The Annals of occupational hygiene

Firefighters have high rate of injuries and illnesses, as well as exposures to high levels of noise. This study explored the relationship between noise exposure and injury among firefighters.  We recruited firefighters undergoing vehicle extrication and structural collapse emergency response training at a highly realistic training facility. Demographics, health status, body mass index (BMI) and history of serious injuries (i.e. injuries requiring first aid treatment, treatment in a medical clinic or office, or treatment at a hospital) were assessed at baseline, and daily activities, injury events, and near misses were assessed daily via surveys. Participants' noise exposures were monitored for one 24 h period using noise dosimeters. We used a mixed effects logistic regression model to estimate the odds of injury events and near misses associated with noise exposure as an independent variable.  Of 56 subjects, 20 (36% reported that they had ever suffered a serious injury during firefighting activities, and 9 (16% reported a serious injury within the past year. We estimated rates of 6.6 lifetime serious injuries per 100 FTE 16.1 serious injuries per 100 FTE within the past year. Our models indicated a significant increase in injury events and near misses among those with higher BMI, and as well as a dose response relationship between near misses/injuries and increasing noise levels. Noise levels >90 dBA in the 30 min prior to time of injury or near miss were associated with substantially increased odds ratios for injury or near miss. Our models further indicated that perceived job demands were significantly associated with increased risk of injury or near miss.  Our results suggest that noise exposures may need to be incorporated into injury prevention programs for firefighters to reduce injuries among this high risk occupational group.
High energy Ball milling of ZrB 2 and HfB 2 Powders: Effect on Particle Size and Crystalline Grain Distribution
Venue: Microscopy and Microanalysis

Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) such as ZrB2 and HfB2 with incorporation of SiC are being considered as structural materials for applications in propulsion and thermal protection systems such as turbine engine hot section components, leading edge of hypersonic vehicles, where extremely high heat fluxes generate very high temperatures and steep temperature gradients  We used high energy ball milling of the precursor powders to increase lattice distortion enhanced inter diffusion, uniform distribution of SiC, and reduce grain growth during Spark plasma sintering (SPS) Here, we study the effect of high energy ball milling of ZrB2 or HfB2 with 20 vol% SiC on the particle size and crystalline grain distribution.
Mechanical activation assisted autoclave processing and sintering of HfB2 HfO2 ceramic powders

This study reports on the synthesis and consolidation of HfB 2 HfO 2 ceramic powders via mechanical activation assisted autoclave processing followed by pressureless sintering (PS) or spark plasma sintering (SPS) HfCl 4 B 2 O 3 and Mg starting powders were mechanically activated for 5 min to obtain homogeneously blended precursors with active particle surfaces. Autoclave synthesis was carried out at a relatively low temperature at 500 degC for 6 or 12 h. As synthesized powders were purified from reaction by products such as MgO and MgCl 2 by washing and acid leaching treatments. The characterization investigations of the as synthesized and purified powders were performed by using an X ray diffractometer (XRD) stereomicroscope (SM) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size analyzer (PSA) The purified powders with an average particle size of about 190 nm comprised the HfB 2 phase with an amount of 79.6 wt% in addition to the HfO 2 phase and a very small amount of Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 phase after mechanical activation for 5 min and autoclave processing for 12 h. They were consolidated at 1700 degC both by PS for 6 h and SPS for 15 min. The Mg 2 Hf 5 O 12 phase decomposed during sintering and bulk samples only had the HfB 2 and HfO 2 phases. The bulk properties of the sintered samples were characterized in terms of microstructure, density, microhardness and wear characteristics. The HfB 2 HfO 2 ceramics consolidated by PS exhibited poor densification rates. A considerable improvement was obtained in the relative density ~91% microhardness ~16 GPa) and relative wear resistance (2.5) values of the HfB 2 HfO 2 ceramics consolidated by SPS.
Citation Analysis with Neural Attention Models
Venue: Louhi@EMNLP

Automated citation analysis (ACA) can be important for many applications including author ranking and literature based information retrieval, extraction, summarization and question answering. In this study, we developed a new compositional attention network (CAN) model to integrate local and global attention representations with a hierarchical attention mechanism. Training on a new benchmark corpus we built, our evaluation shows that the CAN model performs consistently well on both citation classification and sentiment analysis tasks.
Neural Attention Models for Sequence Classification: Analysis and Application to Key Term Extraction and Dialogue Act Detection
Venue: INTERSPEECH

Recurrent neural network architectures combining with attention mechanism, or neural attention model, have shown promising performance recently for the tasks including speech recognition, image caption generation, visual question answering and machine translation. In this paper, neural attention model is applied on two sequence classification tasks, dialogue act detection and key term extraction. In the sequence labeling tasks, the model input is a sequence, and the output is the label of the input sequence. The major difficulty of sequence labeling is that when the input sequence is long, it can include many noisy or irrelevant part. If the information in the whole sequence is treated equally, the noisy or irrelevant part may degrade the classification performance. The attention mechanism is helpful for sequence classification task because it is capable of highlighting important part among the entire sequence for the classification task. The experimental results show that with the attention mechanism, discernible improvements were achieved in the sequence labeling task considered here. The roles of the attention mechanism in the tasks are further analyzed and visualized in this paper.
Deglaciation of Fennoscandia

To provide a new reconstruction of the deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, in the form of calendar year time slices, which are particularly useful for ice sheet modelling, we have compiled and synthesized published geomorphological data for eskers, ice marginal formations, lineations, marginal meltwater channels, striae, ice dammed lakes, and geochronological data from radiocarbon, varve, optically stimulated luminescence, and cosmogenic nuclide dating. This is summarized as a deglaciation map of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet with isochrons marking every 1000 years between 22 and 13 cal kyr BP and every hundred years between 11.6 and final ice decay after 9.7 cal kyr BP. Deglaciation patterns vary across the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet domain, reflecting differences in climatic and geomorphic settings as well as ice sheet basal thermal conditions and terrestrial versus marine margins. For example, the ice sheet margin in the high precipitation coastal setting of the western sector responded sensitively to climatic variations leaving a detailed record of prominent moraines and other ice marginal deposits in many fjords and coastal valleys. Retreat rates across the southern sector differed between slow retreat of the terrestrial margin in western and southern Sweden and rapid retreat of the calving ice margin in the Baltic Basin. Our reconstruction is consistent with much of the published research. However, the synthesis of a large amount of existing and new data support refined reconstructions in some areas. For example, the LGM extent of the ice sheet in northwestern Russia was located far east and it occurred at a later time than the rest of the ice sheet, at around 17 15 cal kyr BP. We also propose a slightly different chronology of moraine formation over southern Sweden based on improved correlations of moraine segments using new LiDAR data and tying the timing of moraine formation to Greenland ice core cold stages. Retreat rates vary by as much as an order of magnitude in different sectors of the ice sheet, with the lowest rates on the high elevation and maritime Norwegian margin. Retreat rates compared to the climatic information provided by the Greenland ice core record show a general correspondence between retreat rate and climatic forcing, although a close match between retreat rate and climate is unlikely because of other controls, such as topography and marine versus terrestrial margins. Overall, the time slice reconstructions of Fennoscandian Ice Sheet deglaciation from 22 to 9.7 cal kyr BP provide an important dataset for understanding the contexts that underpin spatial and temporal patterns in retreat of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, and are an important resource for testing and refining ice sheet models.
Deglaciation of a major palaeo ice stream in Disko Trough, West Greenland

Recent work has confirmed that grounded ice reached the shelf break in central West Greenland during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) Here we use a combination of marine sediment core data, including glacimarine lithofacies and IRD proxy records, and geomorphological and acoustic facies evidence to examine the nature of and controls on the retreat of a major outlet of the western sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) across the shelf. Retreat of this outlet, which contained the ancestral Jakobshavns Isbrae ice stream, from the outer shelf in Disko Trough was rapid and progressed predominantly through iceberg calving, however, minor pauses in retreat (tens of years) occurred on the middle shelf at a trough narrowing forming subtle grounding zone wedges. By 12.1 cal kyr BP ice had retreated to a basalt escarpment and shallow banks on the inner continental shelf, where it was pinned and stabilised for at least 100 years. During this time the ice margin appears to have formed a calving bay over the trough and melting became an important mechanism of ice mass loss. Fine grained sediments (muds) were deposited alternately with IRD rich sediments (diamictons) forming a characteristic deglacial lithofacies that may be related to seasonal climatic cycles. High influxes of subglacial meltwater, emanating from the nearby ice margins, deposited muddy sediments during the warmer summer months whereas winters were dominated by iceberg calving leading to the deposition of the diamictons. This is the first example of this glacimarine lithofacies from a continental shelf setting and we suggest that the calving bay configuration of the ice margin, plus the switching between calving and melting as ablation mechanisms, facilitated its deposition by channelling meltwater and icebergs through the inner trough. The occurrence of a major stillstand on the inner shelf in Disko Trough demonstrates that the ice dynamical response to local topography was a crucial control on the behaviour of a major outlet in this sector of the GrIS during retreat.