nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
No urban desert! Emergence and transformation of extended urban landscapes in Oman

Like the metropolitan area, the landscapes of Oman ranging from the coastal plains of Al Batinah, to the plateaus of the Hajar Mountains, to the old cities in the Interior, the deserts of the Empty Quarter and beyond are subject to recent, dramatic changes. Multiple factors drive these changes induced by the discovery of oil in 1965, the gradual development of the economy since 1970 and followed by a demographic explosion thereafter. Housing for the population growing at 3% annually and provision of infrastructure in form of roads, ports, airports, schools, hospitals and mosques became a national planning priority (Development Council 1976) and the measure of progress as well as public satisfaction with the rule of the Sultan. Today, these processes manifest in an endless proliferation of individual residential houses sprawling across the Omani landscape and can be subsumed under the process of extended urbanisation as conceptualised on a global scale by (Schmidt and Brenner, 2014) The urban geography of Muscat Capital Area has been studied by (Scholz 1990) whilethe process of urbanisation and its effects on urbanised areas, urbanising areas and areas beyond have been researched by (Nebel and von Richthofen, Aurel 2016) As the research scope expands the definition of urban and rural in the Omani context need closer attention. Oman Muscat Al Batinah Dubai
Equine Metabolic Syndrome Affects Viability, Senescence, and Stress Factors of Equine Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells: New Insight into EqASCs Isolated from EMS Horses in the Context of Their Aging
Venue: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

Currently, equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) an endocrine disease linked to insulin resistance, affects an increasing number of horses. However, little is known about the effect of EMS on mesenchymal stem cells that reside in adipose tissue (ASC) Thus it is crucial to evaluate the viability and growth kinetics of these cells, particularly in terms of their application in regenerative medicine. In this study, we investigated the proliferative capacity, morphological features, and accumulation of oxidative stress factors in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from healthy animals (ASCN) and horses suffering from EMS (ASCEMS) ASCEMS displayed senescent phenotype associated with b galactosidase accumulation, enlarged cell bodies and nuclei, increased apoptosis, and reduced heterochromatin architecture. Moreover, we observed increased amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells, accompanied by reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. We also found in ASCEMS an elevated number of impaired mitochondria, characterized by membrane raptures, disarrayed cristae, and vacuole formation. Our results suggest that the toxic compounds, accumulating in the mitochondria under oxidative stress, lead to alternations in their morphology and may be partially responsible for the senescent phenotype and decreased proliferation potential of ASCEMS.
At Home Versus In Clinic INR Monitoring: A Cost Utility Analysis from The Home INR Study (THINRS)
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine

ABSTRACTBackgroundEffective management of patients using warfarin is resource intensive, requiring frequent in clinic testing of the international normalized ratio (INR) Patient self testing (PST) using portable at home INR monitoring devices has emerged as a convenient alternative. As revealed by The Home INR Study (THINRS) event rates for PST were not significantly different from those for in clinic high quality anticoagulation management (HQACM) and a cumulative gain in quality of life was observed for patients undergoing PST.ObjectiveTo perform a cost utility analysis of weekly PST versus monthly HQACM and to examine the sensitivity of these results to testing frequency.Patients/InterventionsIn this study, 2922 patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valve, and who demonstrated PST competence, were randomized to either weekly PST (n 1465) or monthly in clinic testing (n 1457) In a sub study, 234 additional patients were randomized to PST once every 4 weeks (n 116) or PST twice weekly (n 118) The endpoints were quality of life (measured by the Health Utilities Index) health care utilization, and costs over 2 years of follow up.ResultsPST and HQACM participants were similar with regard to gender, age, and CHADS2 score. The total cost per patient over 2 years of follow up was $32,484 for HQACM and $33,460 for weekly PST, representing a difference of $976. The incremental cost per quality adjusted life year gained with PST once weekly was $5566 (95 CI, $11,490 to $25,142) The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was sensitive to testing frequency: weekly PST dominated PST twice weekly and once every 4 weeks. Compared to HQACM, weekly PST was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in quality of life. The ICER for weekly PST versus HQACM was well within accepted standards for cost effectiveness, and was preferred over more or less frequent PST. These results were robust to sensitivity analyses of key assumptions.ConclusionWeekly PST is a cost effective alternative to monthly HQACM and a preferred testing frequency compared to twice weekly or monthly PST.
Idea: Supporting Policy Based Access Control on Database Systems
Venue: ESSoS

Applications are increasingly operating on large data sets. This trend creates problems for access control, which in principle restricts the actions that subjects can perform on any item in that data set. Performance issues therefore emerge, typically for operations on entire data sets. Emerging access control models such as attribute based access control do meet their limitations in this context. Worse, few solutions exist that addresses performance problems while supporting separation of concerns. In this paper, we present a first approach towards addressing this challenge. We propose a middleware architecture that performs policy transformations and query rewriting for externalized policies to optimize the access control process on the data set. We argue that this offers a promising approach for reducing the policy evaluation overhead for access control on large data sets.
Should we welcome robot teachers?
Venue: Ethics and Information Technology

Current uses of robots in classrooms are reviewed and used to characterise four scenarios: (s1) Robot as Classroom Teacher; (s2) Robot as Companion and Peer; (s3) Robot as Care eliciting Companion; and (s4) Telepresence Robot Teacher. The main ethical concerns associated with robot teachers are identified as: privacy; attachment, deception, and loss of human contact; and control and accountability. These are discussed in terms of the four identified scenarios. It is argued that classroom robots are likely to impact children's' privacy, especially when they masquerade as their friends and companions, when sensors are used to measure children's responses, and when records are kept. Social robots designed to appear as if they understand and care for humans necessarily involve some deception (itself a complex notion) and could increase the risk of reduced human contact. Children could form attachments to robot companions (s2 and s3) or robot teachers (s1) and this could have a deleterious effect on their social development. There are also concerns about the ability, and use of robots to control or make decisions about children's behaviour in the classroom. It is concluded that there are good reasons not to welcome fully fledged robot teachers (s1) and that robot companions (s2 and 3) should be given a cautious welcome at best. The limited circumstances in which robots could be used in the classroom to improve the human condition by offering otherwise unavailable educational experiences are discussed.
Mechanistic Explanation of the pH Dependence and Onset Potentials for Hydrocarbon Products from Electrochemical Reduction of CO on Cu (111)
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Energy and environmental concerns demand development of more efficient and selective electrodes for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to form fuels and chemicals. Since Cu is the only pure metal exhibiting reduction to form hydrocarbon chemicals, we focus here on the Cu (111) electrode. We present a methodology for density functional theory calculations to obtain accurate onset electrochemical potentials with explicit constant electrochemical potential and pH effects using implicit solvation. We predict the atomistic mechanisms underlying electrochemical reduction of CO, finding that (1) at acidic pH, the C1 pathway proceeds through COH to CHOH to form CH4 while C2 (C3) pathways are kinetically blocked; (2) at neutral pH, the C1 and C2 (C3) pathways share the COH common intermediate, where the branch to C C coupling is realized by a novel CO COH pathway; and (3) at high pH, early C C coupling through adsorbed CO dimerization dominates, suppressing the C1 pathways by kinetics, thereby boosting selectivity for multi carbon products.
Identification of Possible Pathways for C C Bond Formation during Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: New Theoretical Insights from an Improved Electrochemical Model.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry letters

We have carried out a periodic Kohn Sham density functional theory investigation of the pathways by which carbon carbon bonds could be formed during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu(100) using a model that includes the effects of the electrochemical potential, solvent, and electrolyte. The electrochemical potential was set by relating the applied potential to the Fermi energy and then calculating the number of electrons required by the simulation cell for that specific Fermi energy. The solvent was included as a continuum dielectric, and the electrolyte was described using a linearized Poisson Boltzmann model. The calculated potential of zero charge for a variety of surfaces agrees with experiment to within a mean average error of 0.09 V, thereby validating the assumptions of the model. Analysis of the mechanism for C C bond formation revealed that at low applied potential, C C bond formation occurs through a CO dimer. However, at high applied potentials, a large activation barrier blocks this pathway; therefore, C C bond formation occurs through reaction of adsorbed CHO and CO. Rate parameters determined from our calculations were used to simulate the kinetics of ethene formation during the electrochemical reduction of CO over a Cu(100) surface. An excellent match was observed between previously reported measurements of the partial current for ethene formation as a function of applied voltage and the variation in the partial current for C C bond formation predicted by our microkinetic model. The electrochemical model reported here is simple, fairly easy to implement, and involves only a small increase in computational cost over calculations neglecting the effects of the electrolyte and the applied field. Therefore, it can be used to study the effects of applied potential and electrolyte composition on the energetics of surface reactions for a wide variety of electrochemical reactions.
Pan Turkism From Irredentism To Cooperation

Thank you for downloading pan turkism from irredentism to cooperation. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this pan turkism from irredentism to cooperation, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their laptop. pan turkism from irredentism to cooperation is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the pan turkism from irredentism to cooperation is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Design and Test of an Improved Dipole Antenna for Detecting Enclosure Structure Defects by Cross Hole GPR
Venue: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

In underground engineering, the enclosure structure is a crucial part to guarantee the safety of excavation in soft ground regions. To inspect defects in the enclosure structure and assess its integrity, the cross hole ground penetrating radar (GPR) is considered as a promising tool. To make this technique feasible for underground structure applications, suitable antennas should be devised. In this paper, we designed an improved dipole antenna for a stepped frequency cross hole GPR system to detect enclosure structure defects. Numerical simulations were adopted to optimize antenna design parameters including the half cone angle th, the feeding gap g, the cylinder radius r, and the cylinder length l. Then the optimized antenna was fabricated, and the performance of the antenna was evaluated by measuring the return loss, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) the phase response, and the coupling. The results indicated that the proposed antenna operated well in the frequency range from 0.45 to 1.1 GHz and had the best performance at 0.52 GHz. Moreover, a physical model experiment was carried out and proved the antenna's feasibility for enclosure structure defects detection.
A Flying Tool for Sensing Vessel Structure Defects Using Image Contrast Based Saliency
Venue: IEEE Sensors Journal

Vessels have to undergo regular visual inspections in order to detect the typical defective situations affecting metallic structures, such as cracks and corrosion. These inspections are nowadays performed manually by ship surveyors at a great cost. Assisting them during the inspection process by means of, e.g. a fleet of robots capable of defect detection would, without doubt, decrease the inspection cost. In this paper, a robotic sensor for visual defect detection on vessel structures is presented. Its hardware comprises a micro aerial platform, a suite of navigation sensors, and vision cameras, to provide a close up view of the vessel surface under inspection. The software architecture has been designed around the supervised autonomy paradigm, so that the user is introduced in the position control loop, while the platform is in charge of providing functionalities, such as collision prevention and other self preservation issues. The inspection tool is completed with a vision based defect detector that labels those areas that are suspicious of being affected by corrosion or cracks. Both hardware and software architectures have been assessed for the vessel inspection task with good results.
Recommended for you: The Netflix Prize and the production of algorithmic culture
Venue: New Media Soc.

How does algorithmic information processing affect the meaning of the word culture, and, by extension, cultural practice? We address this question by focusing on the Netflix Prize (2006 2009) a contest offering US$1m to the first individual or team to boost the accuracy of the company's existing movie recommendation system by 10% Although billed as a technical challenge intended for engineers, we argue that the Netflix Prize was equally an effort to reinterpret the meaning of culture in ways that overlapped with, but also diverged in important respects from, the three dominant senses of the term assayed by Raymond Williams. Thus, this essay explores the conceptual and semantic work required to render algorithmic information processing systems legible as forms of cultural decision making. It also then represents an effort to add depth and dimension to the concept of "algorithmic culture."
The Legacy of the Feminine in the Christology of Origen of Alexandria, Methodius of Olympus, and Gregory of Nyssa

For Origen of Alexandria, Methodius of Olympus, and Gregory of Nyssa, who, through various networks of connections, fall into a kind of theological and philosophical family tree, virginity is a theological goldmine. These writers conceive of virginity as an all embracing invitation to participation, a "performance" of Christology in which all Christians share. Origen's notion of Scripture as the christological body that is literarily touchable introduces us to the encounter with Christ that is mediated through prayerful engagement with Scripture. Methodius of Olympus introduces us to the character Arete in his Symposium as an instantiation of the christological feminine. And, in Gregory of Nyssa's handling of Macrina's remains and her legacy, we find an avenue for participation in Christ alongside one who has already traveled a bit farther. These writers thought that renunciation was more than just a way of life open to all Christians; it was the way of life.
Allocation of ESS by interval optimization method considering impact of ship swinging on hybrid PV/diesel ship power system

Owing to low efficiency of traditional ships and the serious environmental pollution that they cause, the use of solar energy and an energy storage system (ESS) in a ship's power system is increasingly attracting attention. However, the swinging of a ship raises crucial challenges in designing an optimal system for a large oil tanker ship, which are associated with uncertainties in solar energy. In this study, a series of experiments are performed to investigate the characteristics of a photovoltaic (PV) system on a moving ship. Based on the experimental results, an interval uncertainty model of on board PV generation is established, which considers the effect of the swinging of the ship. Due to the power balance equations, the outputs of the diesel generator and the ESS on a large oil tanker are also modeled using interval variables. An interval optimization method is developed to determine the optimal size of the ESS in this hybrid ship power system to reduce the fuel cost, capital cost of the ESS, and emissions of greenhouse gases. Variations of the ship load are analyzed using a new method, taking five operating conditions into account. Several cases are compared in detail to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Recent shoreline changes in the Volta River delta, West Africa: the roles of natural processes and human impactsSS

The Volta River delta developed as an asymmetric lobe in a tectonic offset on the coast of Ghana. The delta comprises a large curvilinear spit that widens in its central portion due to the adjunction of successive sandy beach ridges. The appearance of a distinct spit, in lieu of a continuous barrier from the present mouth of the Volta River to the Bight of Benin coast, may be an outgrowth of a natural change in the location of the mouth of the Volta. The spit marks a segmentation of the unique sand drift cell that hitherto prevailed on this bight coast. Spit growth has been accompanied by a wave of erosion over the last century of the immediate downdrift sector of the bight coast, endangering the town of Keta. Erosion since the 1960s may have been aggravated by the construction of the Akosombo hydropower dam. The tip of the spit has recently welded to the shoreline, thus assuring resumption of sand supply from the Volta towards the rest of this formerly sand starved sector of the bight coast. Blocking of sediment by the Akosombo Dam is, in due course, likely to become the overarching factor in delta shoreline stability.
Tubular proteinuria in patients with HNF1a mutations: HNF1a drives endocytosis in the proximal tubule.
Venue: Kidney international

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a (HNF1a) is a transcription factor expressed in the liver, pancreas, and proximal tubule of the kidney. Mutations of HNF1a cause an autosomal dominant form of diabetes mellitus (MODY HNF1A) and tubular dysfunction. To gain insights into the role of HNF1a in the proximal tubule, we analyzed Hnf1a deficient mice. Compared with wild type littermates, Hnf1a knockout mice showed low molecular weight proteinuria and a 70% decrease in the uptake of b2 microglobulin, indicating a major endocytic defect due to decreased expression of megalin/cubilin receptors. We identified several binding sites for HNF1a in promoters of Lrp2 and Cubn genes encoding megalin and cubilin, respectively. The functional interaction of HNF1a with these promoters was shown in C33 epithelial cells lacking endogenous HNF1a. Defective receptor mediated endocytosis was confirmed in proximal tubule cells from these knockout mice and could be rescued by transfection of wild type but not mutant HNF1a. Transfection of human proximal tubule HK2 cells with HNF1a was able to upregulate megalin and cubilin expression and to increase endocytosis of albumin. Low molecular weight proteinuria was consistently detected in individuals with HNF1A mutations compared with healthy controls and patients with non MODY HNF1A diabetes mellitus. Thus, HNF1a plays a key role in the constitutive expression of megalin and cubilin, hence regulating endocytosis in the proximal tubule of the kidney. These findings provide new insight into the renal phenotype of individuals with mutations of HNF1A.
Urinary gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) as a marker of tubular proteinuria in dogs with canine leishmaniasis, using sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) electrophoresis as a reference method.
Venue: Veterinary journal

In order to assess if urinary g glutamyl transferase (GGT) identify tubular proteinuria in leishmaniotic dogs, the GGT/urinary creatinine (UC) ratio was calculated in 39 leishmaniotic dogs. According to sodium dodecylsulphate agarose gel electrophoresis, the dogs had albuminuria (A, n 10) glomerular (G, n 3) tubular (T, n 4) or mixed proteinuria (M, n 22) The median GGT/UC ratio was 0.3, 0.3, 2.2, and 7.5, in groups G, A, M, and T, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between groups G and M (P 0.002) G and T (P <0.001) A and M (P <0.001) and A and T (P <0.001) Median values were higher in dogs with tubular components of proteinuria (M/T, 2.5) than in dogs without tubular components of proteinuria (A/G, 0.3) and in dogs with tubular proteinuria (T, 7.5) than in dogs with non tubular proteinuria (NT, 1.0) GGT/UC values >0.81 or >2.64 could identify dogs in the M/T or T groups, respectively. Therefore, GGT/UC might be useful for the management of leishmaniotic dogs.