nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Contingent value of political capital in bank loan acquisition: Evidence from founder controlled private enterprises in China

In this study, we combine the persistent and progressive perspectives of institutional theory with corporate governance to explore the contingency value of political capital on bank loan acquisition in the context of China's transition economy. Using a large set of national survey data on founder controlled private firms in China, we find that the positive effect of political capital on acquiring bank loans is weakened under conditions characterized by low government intervention and more developed intermediate institutions. We also find that the facilitating role of political capital in bank loan acquisition is significantly dampened for firms that have adopted more governance mechanisms. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
A longitudinal investigation of repressive coping and ageing
Venue: Aging mental health

Two studies investigated the possibility that repressive coping is more prevalent in older adults and that this represents a developmental progression rather than a cohort effect. Study 1 examined repressive coping and mental health cross sectionally in young and old adults. Study 2 examined whether there was a developmental progression of repressive coping prevalence rates in a longitudinal sample of older adults.  Study 1 compared younger adults (mean age 27.6 years) with older adults (mean age 74.2 years) on inventories of mental health and well being and examined the prevalence of repressive coping in both samples. Study 2 re tested a sample of older adults previously reported following an interval of 7 years.  Study 1 in line with previous research older adults demonstrated greater psychological well being and had a higher prevalence of repressive coping than younger adults (at 30% vs. 12% respectively) Study 2 the data indicated that the prevalence of repressive coping rose from 41% at the first time of testing (2002) to 56.4% at the second testing interval (2009) These results suggest that repressive coping may increase across the lifespan in certain individuals and continue to increase throughout older adulthood. Furthermore, this increase in repressive coping with age appears to result in better well being in those older adults who become repressive copers.
The ecological validity of the autonomic subjective response dissociation in repressive coping
Venue: Anxiety, stress, and coping

Repressive coping has been associated with elevated cardiovascular reactivity and diminished self reported negative affect (so called autonomic subjective response dissociation, ASRD) in response to laboratory stressors. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the ecological validity of this response pattern.  An ambulatory assessment strategy was applied in order to analyze associations between ASRD and repressive coping throughout a day.  A sample of 114 individuals was recruited. Heart rate was recorded via ECG and subjective reports of negative affect as well as the experience of demand and control (as indicators of stress) and situational characteristics were assessed several times a day via mobile electronic devices.  Repressive coping relative to other coping dispositions was accompanied by elevated ASRD during stressful episodes in daily life, thus supporting previous laboratory research.  The findings suggest that repressive coping is associated with a discrepancy between subjective reports of negative affect and autonomic responding to stressful encounters in everyday life, which might impact health.
Repressive coping, stigmatization, psychological distress, and quality of life among behavioral weight management participants.
Venue: Eating behaviors

Repressive coping has been associated with elevated risk of disease and negative health outcomes in past studies. Although a prior study of healthy men found that repression was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) no study has examined repressive coping among obese individuals. This study examined the relationship of repressive coping with BMI and obesity relevant psychosocial factors among 104 overweight and obese participants in a behavioral weight management program. Participants completed questionnaires assessing repressive coping, stigmatization, psychological distress, and quality of life. BMI was objectively measured. Repressors reported lower stigmatization, anxiety, and depression as well as higher emotional and weight related quality of life. Repressors and non repressors had equivalent BMI and reported similar impairment in physical quality of life, but stigmatization moderated the relationship between repressive coping and physical quality of life (b=0.31, p=0.039) reflecting better physical quality of life among non repressors with lower stigmatization. Obese individuals who engage in repressive coping may tend to underreport psychological symptoms, social difficulties, and impairments in quality of life. Higher physical quality of life among non repressors with lower stigmatization may reflect a combined influence of coping and social processes in physical quality of life among obese individuals.
Repressive Coping and Theories about Psychotherapy

Repressive coping style has been found to be related to an interpretive bias of negative information. The current study looks to explore differences in understanding toward psychotherapy among groups of four coping styles as classified by Weinberger, Schwartz and Davidson. Participants answered four questionnaires measuring reactions to psychotherapy; attitudes to, and beliefs about, psychotherapy; effectiveness of cures; prognosis of psychological problems; as well as questions regarding their contact with psychotherapy and demographics. Parallel analyses identified two clearly interpretable factors for each of the four questionnaires. A series of one way ANOVAs indicated differences among groups in understanding of psychotherapy. Moderated hierarchical regressions show that demographic variables, contact with psychotherapy, trait anxiety, social desirability and the interaction between trait anxiety and social desirability predicted these differences. Limitations and implications were discussed.
Moral Foundations Theory and Moral Reasoning in Video Game Play: Using Real Life Morality in a Game Context

Although research has indicated that moral decisions are made during video game play, less research has examined moral reasoning during play. Using a think aloud protocol, participants' decisions and reasoning were recorded during game play and coded as either strategic or moral. Players' reasoning was also coded using Moral Foundations Theory. Results indicated an almost equal percentage of strategic and moral reasoning; the salience of several individual moral foundations predicted moral reasoning during play. Video game experience was positively related to the use of moral reasoning, which can be explained by relating reasoning to rational and experiential processing during game play.
2D/3D Semantic Annotation of Spatialized Images for the Documentation and Analysis of Cultural Heritage
Venue: GCH

The introduction of digital technologies in the documentation methods for cultural heritage has helped to design new tools for the acquisition and management of information collected for multidisciplinary studies. These tools are beginning to emerge as the preferred media for describing, analyzing and understanding the objects of study. Existing solutions for semantic annotation on images, on 3D models or with 2D/3D hybrid methods still reveal themselves today insufficient to tackle the complex problem of annotating heritage artifacts. In this field, the semantic description of the studied objects must be able to rely on a rich and structured representation by on one hand making explicit the morphological complexity of the object and on the other hand by reflecting all aspects conveyed by the acquisitions of scientific imaging. This paper introduces an approach for conducting semantic annotations on 2D images (photography, scientific imaging while facilitating the annotation work with an automatic propagation of these annotations between other correlated representations (2D or 3D) of the object. It is based on a spatial referencing method aiming at the establishment of a continuous 2D/3D projective relationship. The goal of the approach is to define an informative continuum between all phases of observation and description processes ranging from the acquisition of images and spatial data up to the building of semantically enriched 3D representations. The idea is to insert semantics at all phases of 2D/3D data processing while ensuring a continuous correlation of annotations from a spatial, temporal and morphological point of view.
Stereo vision based localization for hexapod walking robots operating in rough terrains
Venue: 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

This paper concerns the self localization problem of a hexapod walking robot operating in rough terrains. Given that legged robots exhibit higher terrain passability than wheeled or tracked platforms when operating in harsh environments, they constitute a challenge for the localization techniques because the camera motion between consecutive frames can be arbitrary due to the motion gait and terrain irregularities. In this paper, we present and evaluate an inertially assisted Stereo Parallel Tracking and Mapping (S PTAM) method deployed on a hexapod crawling robot in a rough terrain. The considered deployment scenario is motivated by autonomous navigation in an unknown environment in an open loop fashion. The reported results and comparison with an existing RGB D SLAM technique show the feasibility of the proposed approach and its suitability for navigation of crawlers in harsh environments.
Interference effects between memory systems in the acquisition of a skill
Venue: Experimental Brain Research

There is now converging evidence that the declarative memory system (hippocampus dependent) contributes to sequential motor learning in concert with the procedural memory system (striatum dependent) Because of the competition for shared neuronal resources, introducing a declarative memory task can impair learning of a new motor sequence and interference may occur during the procedural consolidation process. Here, we investigated the extent to which interference effects between memory systems are seen at the retrieval phase of skill learning. Healthy participants were assigned to a control (n 15) or a declarative condition (n 15) and trained on a sequence of finger movements (FOS task) Both groups showed similar improvement at the end of the practice session on the first day. Twenty four hours later, controls were tested solely on the FOS task, while subjects in the declarative condition first engaged in a visuospatial task. Additional offline gains in performance were observed only in the control condition. The introduction of a visuospatial memory task just before retrieval of the motor skill was sufficient to eliminate these gains. This suggests that interference between procedural and declarative memory systems may also occur during subsequent motor recall. It is proposed that the interference effects are linked, in part, to the spatial nature of the motor and declarative tasks, which specifically depends upon hippocampal involvement.
A Deep Learning Approach to Universal Image Manipulation Detection Using a New Convolutional Layer
Venue: IH&MMSec

When creating a forgery, a forger can modify an image using many different image editing operations. Since a forensic examiner must test for each of these, significant interest has arisen in the development of universal forensic algorithms capable of detecting many different image editing operations and manipulations. In this paper, we propose a universal forensic approach to performing manipulation detection using deep learning. Specifically, we propose a new convolutional network architecture capable of automatically learning manipulation detection features directly from training data. In their current form, convolutional neural networks will learn features that capture an image's content as opposed to manipulation detection features. To overcome this issue, we develop a new form of convolutional layer that is specifically designed to suppress an image's content and adaptively learn manipulation detection features. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed approach can automatically learn how to detect multiple image manipulations without relying on pre selected features or any preprocessing. The results of these experiments show that our proposed approach can automatically detect several different manipulations with an average accuracy of 99.10%
Rigel: flexible multi rate image processing hardware
Venue: ACM Trans. Graph.

Image processing algorithms implemented using custom hardware or FPGAs of can be orders of magnitude more energy efficient and performant than software. Unfortunately, converting an algorithm by hand to a hardware description language suitable for compilation on these platforms is frequently too time consuming to be practical. Recent work on hardware synthesis of high level image processing languages demonstrated that a single rate pipeline of stencil kernels can be synthesized into hardware with provably minimal buffering. Unfortunately, few advanced image processing or vision algorithms fit into this highly restricted programming model. In this paper, we present Rigel, which takes pipelines specified in our new multi rate architecture and lowers them to FPGA implementations. Our flexible multi rate architecture supports pyramid image processing, sparse computations, and space time implementation tradeoffs. We demonstrate depth from stereo, Lucas Kanade, the SIFT descriptor, and a Gaussian pyramid running on two FPGA boards. Our system can synthesize hardware for FPGAs with up to 436 Megapixels/second throughput, and up to 297x faster runtime than a tablet class ARM CPU.
Rigel

Image processing algorithms implemented using custom hardware or FPGAs of can be orders of magnitude more energy efficient and performant than software. Unfortunately, converting an algorithm by hand to a hardware description language suitable for compilation on these platforms is frequently too time consuming to be practical. Recent work on hardware synthesis of high level image processing languages demonstrated that a single rate pipeline of stencil kernels can be synthesized into hardware with provably minimal buffering. Unfortunately, few advanced image processing or vision algorithms fit into this highly restricted programming model. In this paper, we present Rigel, which takes pipelines specified in our new multi rate architecture and lowers them to FPGA implementations. Our flexible multi rate architecture supports pyramid image processing, sparse computations, and space time implementation tradeoffs. We demonstrate depth from stereo, Lucas Kanade, the SIFT descriptor, and a Gaussian pyramid running on two FPGA boards. Our system can synthesize hardware for FPGAs with up to 436 Megapixels/second throughput, and up to 297x faster runtime than a tablet class ARM CPU.
Kinetics of the Tau PET Tracer 18F AV 1451 (T807) in Subjects with Normal Cognitive Function, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease
Venue: The Journal of Nuclear Medicine

We report kinetic modeling results of dynamic acquisition data from 0 to 100 min after injection with the tau PET tracer 18F AV 1451 in 19 subjects.  Subjects were clinically diagnosed as 4 young cognitively normal, 5 old cognitively normal, 5 mild cognitive impairment, and 5 Alzheimer disease (AD) Kinetic modeling was performed using Logan graphical analysis with the cerebellum crus as a reference region. Voxelwise binding potential (BP) and SUV ratio (SUVR80 100) images were compared.  In AD subjects, slower and spatially nonuniform clearance from cortical regions was observed as compared with the controls, which led to focal uptake and elevated retention in the imaging data from 80 to 100 min after injection. BP from the dynamic data from 0 to 100 min correlated strongly (R2 0.86) with corresponding regional SUVR80 100 1 values. In the putamen, the observed kinetics (positive SUVR1 5 1 at the tracer delivery stage and plateauing time SUVR curves for all diagnostic categories) may suggest either additional off target binding or a second binding site with different kinetics.  The kinetics of the 18F AV 1451 tracer in cortical areas, as examined in this small group of subjects, differed by diagnostic stage. A delayed 80 to 100 min scan provided a reasonable substitute for a dynamic 0 to 100 min acquisition for cortical regions although other windows (e.g. 75 105 min) may be useful to evaluate.
Refining upon the climatic background of the Early Pleistocene hominid settlement in western Europe: Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix Baza Basin, SE Spain)

The Early Pleistocene sites of Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix Baza Basin, SE Spain) have yielded thousands of Mode 1 or Oldowan lithic artifacts (both sites) and one tooth (in layer D, formerly 5 of Barranco Leon) today considered to be some of the earliest evidence of humans in western Europe at ca. 1.2 1.5 Ma. Previous quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions based on herpetile assemblages indicated that, during the formation of these two sites, the mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were higher than they are now in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula, with lower continentality. Here, we propose new climatic reconstructions where the mean monthly temperature and precipitation and the difference between the four driest months and the four rainiest months are estimated. Climatograms are built in order to specify the distribution and variation of temperature and precipitation during the year, and the Aridity Indices of Gaussen, Lautensach Mayer, Dantin Revenga and De Martonne are used to characterize ombroclimatic differences. According to these new climatic parameters, rainfall distribution through the year shows considerably higher precipitation in every season except summer and early autumn, which remain drier and thus consistent with a Mediterranean climate pattern. No change is observed in the duration of the aridity period, which remains four months long. However, the value of the Aridity Index of De Martonne is higher than 20 (subhumid climate) in Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3, whereas today it is lower than 20 (semi arid climate) suggesting major changes in the ombroclimatic type. These results yield a more precise scenario for the paleoclimatic conditions that prevailed during the late Early Pleistocene in the Guadix Baza Basin and permit us to contrast the ages obtained from numerical dating and biochronology. The very warm and humid climate reconstructed for both Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3 suggests that, in accordance with the numerical dating, these two sites are contemporaneous with the particularly warm interglacial peaks of Marine Isotope Stages 43 49 (i.e. between 1.35 and 1.47 Ma) The similarity between reconstructed climates, the high overlap between their estimated precipitation and between the difference of the driest from the rainiest season suggest that these sites may correspond to the same part of a climatic glacial/interglacial cycle, but because the evolutionary degree of the rodent Mimomys savini shows a slightly more derived state for Fuente Nueva 3 than for Barranco Leon (i.e a short chronological difference between the two sites) they may correspond to two consecutive warm interglacial peaks.
On the ecological context of the earliest human settlements in Europe: Resource availability and competition intensity in the carnivore guild of Barranco Leon D and Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Baza Basin, SE Spain)

With an age of ~1.4 Ma, the Early Pleistocene archaeopaleontological sites of Barranco Leon and Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Baza Basin, SE Spain) provide the oldest evidence on human presence in Western Europe, including the finding of a deciduous tooth of Homo sp. huge lithic assemblages of Oldowan tradition and abundant cut marks on large mammal bones. Here we use a mathematical approach based on Leslie matrices to quantify for the large mammal species preserved at the sites the biomass of primary consumers available, the distribution of meat resources among the secondary consumers and the competition intensity within the carnivore guild. The results obtained show a community of large mammals with a high diversity of secondary consumers that would satisfy slightly less than half of their dietary requirements under optimal ecological conditions. In the case of Homo sp. and considering that flesh resources were obtained through the scavenging of ungulate carcasses, the model indicates that the ecosystems of the basin could hold 10 14 individuals per 100 km2 during a year, a value that is close to the mean population density of recent hunter gatherers. These density estimates decrease slightly when a mixed hunting scavenging strategy is considered and even more in the case of a strict hunting behavior. In addition, the value of the species competition index obtained for Homo sp. is among the lowest of the carnivore guild. These results suggest that the hominin populations that inhabited Southeast Spain during the Early Pleistocene behaved more as opportunistic scavengers than as active predators.
Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women and Girls in Nigeria: The Way Forward to National Security

More essentially, women have been subjected to social control and dominated by men. This is a result of persisting cultural stereotype, misuse of religious and traditional practises in which educational, political and social power are dominated by men, and women have always been followers of men in the society and the men predominantly see themselves as leaders of women. Gender Equality has been a great issue of concern in Nigeria most especially among the women, equality between men and women is just fair and right. The attainment of gender equality is not only seen as an end itself and human right issues, but as a prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable development and national security in Nigeria. To respond to the challenges of gender inequalities, there is a need to recognise the main issues leading to inequality between genders. The research methodology is as termed qualitative research, with the use of primary data gotten through administered questionnaire and secondary data gathered from the news print and journals. The aim of the study was to basically know the major causes of gender inequality in Nigeria. We also suggested strategies to ensure gender equality in all sectors in Nigeria.
A Cable Shaped Lithium Sulfur Battery.
Venue: Advanced materials

A carbon nanostructured hybrid fiber is developed by integrating mesoporous carbon and graphene oxide into aligned carbon nanotubes. This hybrid fiber is used as a 1D cathode to fabricate a new cable shaped lithium sulfur battery. The fiber cathode exhibits a decent specific capacity and lifespan, which makes the cable shaped lithium sulfur battery rank far ahead of other fiber shaped batteries.