nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
3D real time indoor localization via broadband nonlinear backscatter in passive devices with centimeter precision
Venue: MobiCom

We propose and demonstrate accurate 3D real time indoor localization via broadband nonlinear backscatter in passive devices. The proposed method does not need any relative motion between a reader and a tag or the use of reference anchor nodes. In the conventional radio frequency identification (RFID) system, a passive tag responds to a reader by switching its antenna "on" and "off" The operation of such conventional backscatter is essentially "linear" since the reader to tag (downlink) and tag to reader (uplink) signals overlap on the same carrier frequency. Although linear backscatter is straightforward, the self jamming problem caused by strong leakage signals from the transmitter to the receiver is notorious and poses many constraints on the received signal quality, operation bandwidth, modulation flexibility and system complexity. To enable high accuracy real time 3D indoor localization for passive devices, we show that nonlinear backscatter is more effective than linear backscatter. Nonlinear backscatter exploits nonlinear elements in passive devices to generate second or higher order harmonics as the uplink response. Separation of downlink and uplink on different carriers allows immediate self jamming cancellation and direct un modulated carrier phase decoding, hence resulting in better received signal quality and broad bandwidth of operation, both of which are critical for the localization system. The broad bandwidth allows the design of an efficient phase based ranging algorithm heuristic multi frequency continuous wave (HMFCW) ranging which resolves ambiguous phase cycles with heuristically optimized sparse carrier frequencies. HMFCW ranging can correctly pin down the phase cycle integer with 100% reliability as long as the phase error falls within 90deg x BW% (percentage bandwidth) In our present implementation, we achieved a median ranging error below 1 cm under phase error bounds of 50deg. We realized real time 3D localization from differential ranging by nonlinear conjugate gradient (CG) search for hyperboloids intersection in a multi static transceiving system with 1 Tx antenna and 4 Rx antennas. The measured 3D localization median error was 3.5 cm in the indoor environment. Presently, the measurement latency was less than 0.155 seconds. We will present system design, algorithms and a prototype with experimental evaluation.
Factors affecting nurses' adoption of evidence based practice based on Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Model: A path analysis approach

Article type: Original Article Received: Aug.  Reza Negarandeh e mail: rnegarandeh@tums.ac.ir  Evidence based practice (EBP) education is essential in nursing education. Therefore, identifying factors influencing nurses' adoption of EBP is very important to perform optimum quality nursing interventions. The aim of present study was to determine the factors affecting the adoption of EBP based on Rogers' diffusion of innovations models in nurses.  This was a descriptive analytical study. The research subjects were 130 nurses who worked in the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The research instruments were four questionnaires including demographic data; knowledge, attitude and the adoption of EBP; individual innovation and perceived attributes of EBP. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis) on SPSS v.19 and EQS.  The study findings showed that age and the working experiences of nurses had significant inverse relationships with knowledge of EBP (r= 0.809, r= 0.805) There was a direct relationship between individual innovation and knowledge (r=0.776) In addition, knowledge not only had a significant direct relationship with the adoption of EBP but also had the greatest impact on the adoption of EBP compared to other variables of model (r=0.937) Perceived attributes of EBP had significant direct relationships with attitude and the adoption of EBP (r=0.898, r=0.888 respectively) Attitude toward EBP also had a direct and significant relationship with the adoption of EBP (r=0.869) The results of the path analysis indicated the model variables to have an optimal fit (P<0.001)  The results of this study identify the factors affecting the adoption of EBP. Determining these factors can be an effective step to more adopt it in clinical environments.
Who Will Be the First to Buy Autonomous Vehicles? An Application of Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory

Autonomous, otherwise known as self driving, vehicles represent the future of transportation. Vehicles that drive themselves offer far reaching benefits from increased leisure and productivity for individuals to significant improvements in congestion and infrastructure for governments. The autonomous car will radically change the way we look at transportation, and they are right around the corner. However, the question remains: are we ready? Are we, as a society, ready to hand over the steering the wheel and trust autonomous vehicles with our safety? This paper predicts how the autonomous car will spread through society by analyzing and applying the product qualities and consumer types described in Everett Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory. Corporations, specifically Uber and Amazon, as opposed to individual consumers, will be the first to adapt, purchase and implement autonomous vehicles. Contrary to popular belief, these vehicles will not be successfully introduced as privately owned vehicles, and therefore, must be marketed towards corporations and organizations.
Diffusion Factors of STEAM Education: Based on Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations Theory

i yeonguneun yunghabinjaegyoyugyi hwagsan yoineul doculhagi wihayeo suhaengdoeeossda. yeonguyi mogjeogeul dalseonghagi wihaeseo Rogers(2003)yi hyeogsin caetaegryule yeonghyangeul micineun 5gaji yoinin sangdaejeog iig, jeoghabseong, bogjabseong, sido ganeungseong, gwancal ganeungseong deungeul batangeuro haggyo hyeonjangeseo gyosadeuli yunghabinjaegyoyugeul suyonghago caetaeghaneunde gwanryeondoeneun yoineul gumyeonghayeossda. i yeonguyi camyeojaneun yunghabinjaegyoyug bunyayi hyeogsingyosa 4myeonggwa ilbangyosa 4myeongimyeo, bangujohwa jilmunjireul gaebalhayeo myeondamhayeossda. myeondam naeyongeul nogeumhago jeonsahayeo jiljeog bunseog jaryoreul hwagbohayeosseumyeo, hyeogsinyi caetaegryule yeonghyangeul micineun 5gaji yoineul gijuneuro han hangmogbyeol kodingeul silsihayeossda. i yeongueseo hwaginhago gucehwa han yunghabinjaegyoyugyi hwagsan yoineun daeumgwa gatda. ceosjjae, yunghabinjaegyoyugyi 'sangdaejeog iig'eun 'hagsaengdeulyi heungmiwa molibdo hyangsang'gwa 'gyosayi jajongam mic jeonmunseong hyangsang cogjin'yi ceugmyeoneseo hwagindoeeossda. duljjae, yunghabinjaegyoyugyi 'jeoghabseong'eun hyeogsin gyosaegeseoneun 'gijon sueob bangsiggwayi buhabseong' ilban gyosaegeseoneun 'gijon gyoyuggwajeong unyeong bangsiggwayi cungdol'iraneun yoineuro natanassda. sesjjae, yunghabinjaegyoyugyi 'bogjabseong'eun hyeogsin gyosaegeseoneun 'yunghabinjaegyoyuge daehan yuyeonhan jeobgeun' ilban gyosaegeseoneun 'yunghabinjaegyoyuge daehan gyeongjigdoen jeobgeun'iraneun sangbandoen yoineuro natanassda. nesjjae, yunghabinjaegyoyugyi 'sido ganeungseong'eun 'ceos baleul deulyeonoheul su issneun gyegiwa donggi buyeo' 'jisogjeog sidoreul wihan jeongcaegjeog jiweon'yi ceugmyeoneseo hwagindoeeossda. daseosjjae, yunghabinjaegyoyugyi 'gwancal ganeungseong'eun 'sueob camgwangwa seonggwa gongyuyi hangye'raneun bujeongjeog yoineuro hwagindoeeossda.
Diversity, difference and belonging in childhood: Issues for foster care and identities

Since the 1970s, those who support and those who oppose ?transracial? fostering and adoption have often been deeply divided. In transracial placements, diversity, difference and belonging are at the heart of developments in foster care and adoption. Yet, relatively little is currently known about how these issues impact on family practices and experiences. This paper aims to contribute to understanding of these issues by considering background issues necessary to informing policies and practices in foster care. It draws on the retrospective narratives of adults who grew up in visibly ethnically different households. The adults reported in this paper indicated that they crafted their racialized identities partly as the result of disjunctions in how they considered that other people saw them in relation to other members of their families. Their racialized identities (and those of people in their social networks) had an impact on how they dealt with, and felt about, these disjunctions. As a result, they crafted new understandings of their positioning and identities in ways that foregrounded difference, diversity and complex, contingent belonging to their families. It is often taken for granted that children living with their birth parent(s) are likely to feel that they belong in their families. However, the narratives produced in the study discussed below indicate that racialisation, in intersection with children??s other social characteristics, can decentre straightforward ideas of belonging to their families and society. Belonging was linked with how they made sense of their racialisation and understood their positioning in it and in their families. The findings indicate that foster/adoptive parents need to recognize that racialisation and racism are important to the experiences of children in ?transracial? families, but that the impact on children is related to the intersection of the social categories in which they are positioned including, but not only, racialisation and ethnicisation.
AFRICAN TRADING BLOCS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

There is general consensus among scholars, policy makers, and political leaders that the best way for African countries to develop is through regional trade. Regional integration and trading blocs have been suggested as ways that African nations can use to achieve sustained development and increase their participation in the global economy. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the interrelationship between African trading blocs and economic growth of the African continent. This paper analyzes this link using theoretical and empirical literature reviews. The key findings are that intra Africa trade is still low, despite the existence of numerous trading blocs, and that few of these contribute to regional trade creation. Poverty rates are still high and GDP does not seem to be positively influenced by the trading blocs. Many social, economic, and political challenges also weaken African trading blocs and their ability to promote integration and trade. Addressing these hindrances would strengthen the continent's trading blocs and enhance their positive impact on intraAfrican trade and economic growth.
IgD attenuates the IgM induced anergy response in transitional and mature B cells
Venue: Nature communications

Self tolerance by clonal anergy of B cells is marked by an increase in IgD and decrease in IgM antigen receptor surface expression, yet the function of IgD on anergic cells is obscure. Here we define the RNA landscape of the in vivo anergy response, comprising 220 induced sequences including a core set of 97. Failure to co express IgD with IgM decreases overall expression of receptors for self antigen, but paradoxically increases the core anergy response, exemplified by increased Sdc1 encoding the cell surface marker syndecan 1. IgD expressed on its own is nevertheless competent to induce calcium signalling and the core anergy mRNA response. Syndecan 1 induction correlates with reduction of surface IgM and is exaggerated without surface IgD in many transitional and mature B cells. These results show that IgD attenuates the response to self antigen in anergic cells and promotes their accumulation. In this way, IgD minimizes tolerance induced holes in the pre immune antibody repertoire.
Variations in the frenal morphology in the diverse population: A clinical study
Venue: Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology

The upper labial frenum is a normal anatomic structure with inherent morphological variations. Frenum has variations depending upon the attachment of fibers along with the presence of structural variations.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of frenal variations in a diverse ethnic population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh.  This study was conducted on 500 subjects within age group of 16 40 years (285 females, 215 males) Intraoral examination was done to evaluate the variations in frenum and photographs were taken.  In this study, depending upon structural variations, normal frenum was most common followed by frenum with nodule while frenum with appendix was found to be least common. However, no significant difference was found between males and females (P 0.05) with respect to all frenal attachments. Furthermore, other structural variations were found in the diverse population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh.  Upper labial frenum is a small anatomical landmark in the oral cavity found to have diverse morphology. The dentist needs to give due importance for frenum assessment during the oral examination.
Macroeconomic Impact of Product and Labor Market Reforms on Informality and Unemployment in India

This paper investigates the implications of lowering formal regulations in labor and product markets on informality and macroeconomic outcomes in India. We estimate a DSGE model with an informal sector, and rigidities in the formal labor and product markets. Along with increasing GDP and employment, deregulation also leads to lower informality and greater product market competition. Slow reallocation of resources between the formal and informal sectors leads to some adverse impacts in the short run that can be minimized by implementing a combined package of reforms. These impacts are shown to be greater in an economy with a larger informal sector.
Global epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) A systematic review of population based cohort studies.
Venue: Cancer epidemiology

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare, yet the most common mesenchymal tumour within the digestive tract. Lack of diagnostic criteria and no specific code in the ICD system has prevented epidemiological evaluation except from overt malignant cases in the past. A global estimate of incidence and disease patterns has thus not been available.  A systematic literature search of all available population based studies on GIST published between January 2000 and December 2014 were reviewed. Descriptive epidemiological data are presented.  The search found 29 studies of more than 13,550 patients from 19 countries that reported sufficient data for regional or national population based statistics. Age at diagnosis ranged from 10 to 100 years, with median age being mid 60s across most studies. Gender distribution was equal across studies. On average, 18% of patients had an incidental diagnosis (range from 5% to 40% Anatomical location of primary tumour in 9747 GISTs demonstrated gastric location as the most frequent (55.6% followed by small bowel (31.8% colorectal (6.0% other/various location (5.5% and oesophagus (0.7% Most studies reported incidence at 10 15 per million per year. Notably, lowest incidence was in China (Shanxi province) with 4.3 per million per year. Highest incidence rates were reported also from China (Hong Kong and Shanghai areas) and in Taiwan and Norway (Northern part) with up to 19 22 per million per year.  Epidemiology of GIST demonstrates some consistent features across geographical regions. Whether the reported extreme differences in incidence reflect real variation in population risk warrants further investigation.
Politicians, bureaucrats, and tax morale: What shapes tax compliance attitudes?

What actions do governments take that may affect individual trust? Although the literature on tax morale has reported a positive relationship between trust in government and tax morale, it is less known what is that government does to elicit trust among taxpayers. Which government organizations are most likely to produce those actions? This paper examines how governments elicit tax morale by testing the proposition that trust in government is built by the way citizens are treated when receiving their share of public goods and services from government institutions charged with the delivery of those goods and services, known as the output side (Rothstein, 2005) We use data from close to forty countries in the 2005 2007 wave of the World Values Survey (WVS) and after controlling for the level of political rights and civil liberties, we find that trust in administrative (output) government institutions positively influences tax morale, especially in the case of people living in democratic countries.
Are Politicians Successful in their Electoral Strategies? The Case of Tax Revenue Budgeting Errors

This paper aims to examine the effect of tax revenue budgeting errors on fiscal balance and mayor's party re election. Specifically, we contribute to the literature by testing whether the relationship between tax revenue underestimation and fiscal balance is influenced by political ideology, political strength and the electoral cycle. To this end, we use a 1994 2008 panel of the largest Spanish municipalities. Our results reveal that underestimating tax revenue increases fiscal surpluses or reduces fiscal deficits. Tax revenue underestimation puts pressure on expenditure, thereby creating a revenue windfall and reducing the deficit. Thus, politicians use these resources to serve their own electoral interests rather than to citizens' preferences. The impact of tax revenue budgeting errors on the fiscal balance depends on mayors' political strength and the electoral cycle. In fact, we provide evidence that politicians create buffers by underestimating tax revenue, thereby reducing (increasing) fiscal deficits (surpluses) in the preceding years, to increase expenditure in the pre election and election years. Finally, our estimates reveal that tax revenue underestimation two years before elections influences the mayor`s party reelection prospects positively.
Dykstra's Algorithm for the Optimal Approximate Symmetric Positive Semidefinite Solution of a Class of Matrix Equations

Dykstra's alternating projection algorithm was proposed to treat the problem of finding the projection of a given point onto the intersection of some closed convex sets. In this paper, we first apply Dykstra's alternating projection algorithm to compute the optimal approximate symmetric positive semidefinite solution of the matrix equations AXB E, CXD F. If we choose the initial iterative matrix X0 0, the least Frobenius norm symmetric positive semidefinite solution of these matrix equations is obtained. A numerical example shows that the new algorithm is feasible and effective.
Biochar pricing hampers biochar farming
Venue: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Large amount of papers glorifying utilization of biochar have been published in recent years. Based on the reviews, one could get the impression that a new era in environmental management, as well as in agriculture, has already started. Looking around, however, biochar remains unknown to farmers and excessive amounts of biowaste are still being disposed in landfills. Techno economic analyses of biochar farming in recent years have been sufficient to reveal that the biggest challenge is posed by biochar production cost and pricing. It turns out that production at application site and reorientation towards agricultural waste represents a promising alternative. However, it is concluded that regardless the production cost was significantly reduced in the meantime due to the advances in technology, the price of biochar remains high due to lack of production and high demand.
Natural Phyto Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Inflammation as a Target
Venue: Nutrients

Diabetes is a metabolic, endocrine disorder which is characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance due to insulin resistance. Extensive research has confirmed that inflammation is closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Patients with diabetes display typical features of an inflammatory process characterized by the presence of cytokines, immune cell infiltration, impaired function and tissue destruction. Numerous anti diabetic drugs are often prescribed to diabetic patients, to reduce the risk of diabetes through modulation of inflammation. However, those anti diabetic drugs are often not successful as a result of side effects; therefore, researchers are searching for efficient natural therapeutic targets with less or no side effects. Natural products' derived bioactive molecules have been proven to improve insulin resistance and associated complications through suppression of inflammatory signaling pathways. In this review article, we described the extraction, isolation and identification of bioactive compounds and its molecular mechanisms in the prevention of diabetes associated complications.
Comparison of different tissue clearing methods and 3D imaging techniques for visualization of GFP expressing mouse embryos and embryonic hearts
Venue: Histochemistry and Cell Biology

Our goal was to find an optimal tissue clearing protocol for whole mount imaging of embryonic and adult hearts and whole embryos of transgenic mice that would preserve green fluorescent protein GFP fluorescence and permit comparison of different currently available 3D imaging modalities. We tested various published organic solvent or water based clearing protocols intended to preserve GFP fluorescence in central nervous system: tetrahydrofuran dehydration and dibenzylether protocol (DBE) SCALE, CLARITY, and CUBIC and evaluated their ability to render hearts and whole embryos transparent. DBE clearing protocol did not preserve GFP fluorescence; in addition, DBE caused considerable tissue shrinking artifacts compared to the gold standard BABB protocol. The CLARITY method considerably improved tissue transparency at later stages, but also decreased GFP fluorescence intensity. The SCALE clearing resulted in sufficient tissue transparency up to ED12.5; at later stages the useful depth of imaging was limited by tissue light scattering. The best method for the cardiac specimens proved to be the CUBIC protocol, which preserved GFP fluorescence well, and cleared the specimens sufficiently even at the adult stages. In addition, CUBIC decolorized the blood and myocardium by removing tissue iron. Good 3D renderings of whole fetal hearts and embryos were obtained with optical projection tomography and selective plane illumination microscopy, although at resolutions lower than with a confocal microscope. Comparison of five tissue clearing protocols and three imaging methods for study of GFP mouse embryos and hearts shows that the optimal method depends on stage and level of detail required.