nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Justice and Social Order: Binding Moralities across the Political Spectrum
Venue: PloS one

Two studies explored the relationship between political ideology and endorsement of a range of moral principles. Political liberals and conservatives did not differ on intrapersonal or interpersonal moralities, which require self regulation. However differences emerged on collective moralities, which involve social regulation.  Theory, both liberals and conservatives endorsed a group focused binding morality, specifically Social Justice and Social Order respectively. Libertarians were the group without a binding morality. Although Social Justice and Social Order appear conflictual, analyses based on earlier cross cultural work on societal tightness looseness suggest that countries actually benefit in terms of economic success and societal well being when these group based moralities co exist and serve as counterweights in social regulation.
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A literature review on inventory management in humanitarian supply chains

In this paper, we present a review and analysis of studies that focus on humanitarian inventory planning and management. Specifically, we focus on papers which develop policies and models to determine how much to stock, where to stock, and when to stock throughout the humanitarian supply chain. We categorize papers according to the disaster management cycle addressed; specifically, we focus on pre disaster and post disaster inventory management. We evaluate existing literature in terms of problem aspects addressed such as decision makers, stakeholders, disaster types, commodities, facility types, performance measures as well as methodological aspects (i.e. types of policies, models, and solution approaches) We identify current gaps in the literature and propose directions for future research.
Inventory management for stochastic lead times with order crossovers
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

We study the impact of stochastic lead times with order crossover on inventory costs and safety stocks in the order up to (OUT) policy. To motivate our research we present global logistics data which violates the traditional assumption that lead time demand is normally distributed. We also observe that order crossover is a common and important phenomenon in real supply chains. We present a new method for determining the distribution of the number of open orders. Using this method we identify the distribution of inventory levels when orders and the work in process are correlated. This correlation is present when demand is auto correlated, demand forecasts are generated with non optimal methods, or when certain ordering policies are present. Our method allows us to obtain exact safety stock requirements for the so called proportional order up to (POUT) policy, a popular, implementable, linear generalization of the OUT policy. We highlight that the OUT replenishment policy is not cost optimal in global supply chains, as we are able to demonstrate the POUT policy always outperforms it under order cross over. We show that unlike the constant lead time case, minimum safety stocks and minimal inventory variance do not always lead to minimum costs under stochastic lead times with order crossover. We also highlight an interesting side effect of minimizing inventory costs under stochastic lead times with order crossover with the POUT policy an often significant reduction in the order variance.
Distributions of forecasting errors of forecast combinations: Implications for inventory management

Inventory control systems rely on accurate and robust forecasts of future demand to support decisions such as setting of safety stocks. The combination of multiple forecasts is shown to be effective not only in reducing forecast errors, but also in being less sensitive to limitations of a single model. Research on forecast combination has primarily focused on improving accuracy, largely ignoring the overall shape and distribution of forecast errors. Nonetheless, these are essential for managing the level of aversion to risk and uncertainty for companies. This study examines the forecast error distributions of base and combination forecasts and their implications for inventory performance. It explores whether forecast combinations transform the forecast error distribution towards desired properties for safety stock calculations, typically based on the assumption of normally distributed errors and unbiased forecasts. In addition, it considers the similarity between in and out of sample characteristics of such errors and the impact of different lead times. The effects of established combination methods are explored empirically using a representative set of forecasting methods and a dataset of 229 weekly demand series from a leading household and personal care UK manufacturer. Findings suggest that forecast combinations make the in and out of sample behaviour more consistent, requiring less safety stock on average than base forecasts. Furthermore we find that using in sample empirical error distributions of combined forecasts approximates well the out of sample ones, in contrast to base forecasts.
Spectral Signatures for Identifying Explosives With Wideband Millimeter Wave Illumination
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Millimeter wave imaging systems used in airports, government buildings, and other facilities for personnel screening use advanced imaging technology (AIT) to detect explosives and weapons concealed under clothing. Additional information in the imaging data can be applied to identify the composition of the detected objects. The method described here demonstrates that material data in the form of the dielectric constant can be derived from the variation of reflectivity in millimeter waves over a range of frequencies from 18 to 40 GHz. By fitting the reflectivity to an optical model, the thickness and dielectric constant, including attenuation, can be computed. The method is applied to samples of inert substances and a military sheet explosive to show that detected anomalies can be distinguished as distinct materials through their dielectric constants. For absorptive materials, a frequency band of lower frequencies, 2 18 GHz, can be applied to detect the dielectric, as is demonstrated in the case of a commercial explosive. Used with AIT, the technique can facilitate the evaluation of threats at personnel checkpoints.
General practitioner perspectives on referrals to paediatric public specialty clinics.
Venue: Australian family physician

Changes in the demography of Australia have resulted in changes in patterns of primary care delivery. One of these changes is that the proportion of paediatric visits has decreased.  The objectives of the article are to examine patient, practice and personal factors that influence a general practitioner's (GP's) decision to refer patients for paediatric specialty care, and investigate referral goals and experience with shared care.  A mail survey was sent out to 400 GPs who had referred at least two children to public hospital specialty clinics during 2014.  The response rate for the mail survey was 67% The factors most commonly reported by GPs as 'Somewhat important' or 'Very important' in the decision to refer were whether they had enough knowledge of a specific condition (81% or did not have experience with similar patients (75% About one quarter (26% of GPs reported that a parental request 'Frequently' or 'Almost always' influenced their referral decision. A similar pro portion (26% placed importance on whether they had sufficient time for a specific patient.  Understanding the perspectives and determinants of GP referrals for paediatric specialty care is important, especially in the context of changing patterns of primary care delivery.
A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication

The smart metering and communication methods used in smart grid are being extensively studied owing to widespread applications of smart grid. Although the monitoring and control processes are widely used in industrial systems, the energy management requirements at both service supplier and consumer side for individuals promoted the evolution of smart grid. In this paper, it is aimed to disclose in a clear and clean way that what smart grid is and what kind of communication methods are used. All components of a smart grid are introduced in a logical way to facilitate the understanding, and communication methods are presented regarding to their improvements, advantages, and lacking feature. The developing generation, transmission, distribution and customer appliances are surveyed in terms of smart grid integration. The communication technologies are introduced as wireline and wireless classification where the key features are also tabulated. The security requirements of hardware and software in a smart grid are presented according to their cyber and physical structures.
OpenSubtitles2016: Extracting Large Parallel Corpora from Movie and TV Subtitles
Venue: LREC

We present a new major release of the OpenSubtitles collection of parallel corpora. The release is compiled from a large database of movie and TV subtitles and includes a total of 1689 bitexts spanning 2.6 billion sentences across 60 languages. The release also incorporates a number of enhancements in the preprocessing and alignment of the subtitles, such as the automatic correction of OCR errors and the use of meta data to estimate the quality of each subtitle and score subtitle pairs.
NLP driven citation analysis for scientometrics
Venue: Natural Language Engineering

This paper summarizes ongoing research in Natural Language Processing driven citation analysis and describes experiments and motivating examples of how this work can be used to enhance traditional scientometrics analysis that is based on simply treating citations as a 'vote' from the citing paper to cited paper. In particular, we describe our dataset for citation polarity and citation purpose, present experimental results on the automatic detection of these indicators, and demonstrate the use of such annotations for studying research dynamics and scientific summarization. We also look at two complementary problems that show up in Natural Language Processing driven citation analysis for a specific target paper. The first problem is extracting citation context, the implicit citation sentences that do not contain explicit anchors to the target paper. The second problem is extracting reference scope, the target relevant segment of a complicated citing sentence that cites multiple papers. We show how these tasks can be helpful in improving sentiment analysis and citation based summarization.
The immediate effect of lumbopelvic manipulation on EMG of vasti and gluteus medius in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.
Venue: Manual therapy

To evaluate the immediate effect of lubmopelvic manipulation on EMG activity of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and gluteus medius as well as pain and functional performance of athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome.  Randomized placebo controlled trial.  Twenty eight athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received a lubmopelvic manipulation at the side of the involved knee while the other group received a sham manipulation. EMG activity of the vasti and gluteus medius were recorded before and after manipulation while performing a rocking on heel task. The functional abilities were evaluated using two tests: step down and single leg hop. Additionally, the pain intensity during the functional tests was assessed using a visual analog scale.  The onset and amplitude of EMG activity from vastus medialis and gluteus medius were, respectively, earlier and higher in the manipulation group compared to the sham group. There were no significant differences, however, between two groups in EMG onset of vastus lateralis. While the scores of one leg hop test were similar for both groups, significant improvement was observed in step down test and pain intensity in the manipulation group compared to the sham group.  Lubmopelvic manipulation might improve patellofemoral pain and functional level in athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome. These effects could be due to the changes observed in EMG activity of gluteus medius and vasti muscles. Therefore, the lubmopelvic manipulation might be considered in the rehabilitation protocol of the athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Red Carotenoid Coloration in the Zebra Finch Is Controlled by a Cytochrome P450 Gene Cluster
Venue: Current Biology

Bright red colors in vertebrates are commonly involved in sexual, social, and interspecific signaling [1 8] and are largely produced by ketocarotenoid pigments. In land birds, ketocarotenoids such as astaxanthin are usually metabolically derived via ketolation of dietary yellow carotenoids [9, 10] However, the molecular basis of this gene environment mechanism has remained obscure. Here we use the yellowbeak mutation in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to investigate the genetic basis of red coloration. Wild type ketocarotenoids were absent in the beak and tarsus of yellowbeak birds. The yellowbeak mutation mapped to chromosome 8, close to a cluster of cytochrome P450 loci (CYP2J2 like) that are candidates for carotenoid ketolases. The wild type zebra finch genome was found to have three intact genes in this cluster: CYP2J19A, CYP2J19B, and CYP2J40. In yellowbeak, there are multiple mutations: loss of a complete CYP2J19 gene, a modified remaining CYP2J19 gene (CYP2J19(yb) and a non synonymous SNP in CYP2J40. In wild type birds, CYP2J19 loci are expressed in ketocarotenoid containing tissues: CYP2J19A only in the retina and CYP2J19B in the beak and tarsus and to a variable extent in the retina. In contrast, expression of CYP2J19(yb) is barely detectable in the beak of yellowbeak birds. CYP2J40 has broad tissue expression and shows no differences between wild type and yellowbeak. Our results indicate that CYP2J19 genes are strong candidates for the carotenoid ketolase and imply that ketolation occurs in the integument in zebra finches. Since cytochrome P450 enzymes include key detoxification enzymes, our results raise the intriguing possibility that red coloration may be an honest signal of detoxification ability.
NATURAL PIGMENTS IN COSMETICS PAST TO PRESENT

Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the beauty of the human being. Natural pigments are mostly derived from plant sources, which are degradable and safe. At present, commercially available cosmetics causes side effects due to prolonged use. These commercially used cosmetics are made with the synthetic colorants, but the current trend matches towards healthy natural ingredients incorporated within them. Further the locally available branded products are tested clinically to avoid a harmful side effect in future. The awareness among the rural women has increased with regards to the usage of cosmetics.
Aryl Polyenes, a Highly Abundant Class of Bacterial Natural Products, Are Functionally Related to Antioxidative Carotenoids
Venue: Chembiochem a European journal of chemical biology

Bacterial pigments of the aryl polyene type are structurally similar to the well known carotenoids with respect to their polyene systems. Their biosynthetic gene cluster is widespread in taxonomically distant bacteria, and four classes of such pigments have been found. Here we report the structure elucidation of the aryl polyene/dialkylresorcinol hybrid pigments of Variovorax paradoxus B4 by HPLC UV MS, MALDI MS and NMR. Furthermore, we show for the first time that this pigment class protects the bacterium from reactive oxygen species, similarly to what is known for carotenoids. An analysis of the distribution of biosynthetic genes for aryl polyenes and carotenoids in bacterial genomes is presented; it shows a complementary distribution of these protective pigments in bacteria.
Pure density functional for strong correlation and the thermodynamic limit from machine learning

We use the density matrix renormalization group, applied to a one dimensional model of continuum Hamiltonians, to accurately solve chains of hydrogen atoms of various separations and numbers of atoms. We train and test a machine learned approximation to $F[n] the universal part of the electronic density functional, to within quantum chemical accuracy. We also develop a data driven, atom centered basis set for densities which greatly reduces the computational cost and accurately represents the physical information in the machine learning calculation. Our calculation (a) bypasses the standard Kohn Sham approach, avoiding the need to find orbitals, (b) includes the strong correlation of highly stretched bonds without any specific difficulty (unlike all standard DFT approximations) and (c) is so accurate that it can be used to find the energy in the thermodynamic limit to quantum chemical accuracy.
Inside out method to develop volar arthroscopic portals of the wrist in cadaver specimens.
Venue: Hand surgery rehabilitation

Three direct volar portals for wrist arthroscopy have been described previously: two radiocarpal and one midcarpal. The aim of this study was to systematically describe four volar arthroscopic portals through minimally invasive incisions using an inside out approach from known dorsal portals. Four volar arthroscopic wrist portals were studied on six hand specimens using an inside out technique: a radial radiocarpal approach (RRCA) an ulnar radiocarpal approach (URCA) a radial midcarpal approach (RMCA) and an ulnar midcarpal approach (UMCA) Each volar approach corresponded to a dorsal approach: the 3/4 portal for RRCA, 4/5 portal for URCA, dorsal radial midcarpal approach for RMCA, and dorsal ulnar midcarpal approach for UMCA. The average range of motion of the scope through the RRCA was 65deg in radial deviation and 72deg in ulnar deviation; through the URCA it was 62deg in radial deviation and 64deg in ulnar deviation; through the RMCA it was 62deg in radial deviation and 60deg in ulnar deviation, and through the UMCA it was 59deg in radial deviation and 68deg in radial deviation. No iatrogenic injuries to important anatomical structures were noted. Based on these results, it is possible to perform these four volar portals through an inside out technique with incisions mirroring the dorsal portals. They were easy to perform, safe and should be useful in ligament or bony intracarpal repair indications.
Materials for non viral intracellular delivery of messenger RNA therapeutics.
Venue: Journal of controlled release official journal of the Controlled Release Society

Though therapeutics based on messenger RNA (mRNA) have broad potential in applications such as protein replacement therapy, cancer immunotherapy, and genomic engineering, their effective intracellular delivery remains a challenge. A chemically diverse suite of delivery materials with origins as materials for cellular transfection of DNA and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has recently been reported to have promise as non viral delivery agents for mRNA. These materials include covalent conjugates, protamine complexes, nanoparticles based on lipids or polymers, and hybrid formulations. This review will highlight the use of delivery materials for mRNA, with a specific focus on their mechanisms of action, routes of administration, and dosages. Additionally, strategies in which these materials can be adapted and optimized to address challenges specific to mRNA delivery are also discussed. The technologies included have shown varying promise for therapeutic use, specifically having been used to deliver mRNA in vivo or exhibiting characteristics that could make in vivo use a possibility. In so doing, it is the intention of this review to provide a comprehensive look at the progress and possibilities in applying nucleic acid delivery technology specifically toward the emerging area of mRNA therapeutics.
Do "Brain Training" Programs Work?
Venue: Psychological science in the public interest a journal of the American Psychological Society

In 2014, two groups of scientists published open letters on the efficacy of brain training interventions, or "brain games," for improving cognition. The first letter, a consensus statement from an international group of more than 70 scientists, claimed that brain games do not provide a scientifically grounded way to improve cognitive functioning or to stave off cognitive decline. Several months later, an international group of 133 scientists and practitioners countered that the literature is replete with demonstrations of the benefits of brain training for a wide variety of cognitive and everyday activities. How could two teams of scientists examine the same literature and come to conflicting "consensus" views about the effectiveness of brain training? In part, the disagreement might result from different standards used when evaluating the evidence. To date, the field has lacked a comprehensive review of the brain training literature, one that examines both the quantity and the quality of the evidence according to a well defined set of best practices. This article provides such a review, focusing exclusively on the use of cognitive tasks or games as a means to enhance performance on other tasks. We specify and justify a set of best practices for such brain training interventions and then use those standards to evaluate all of the published peer reviewed intervention studies cited on the websites of leading brain training companies listed on Cognitive Training Data (www.cognitivetrainingdata.org) the site hosting the open letter from brain training proponents. These citations presumably represent the evidence that best supports the claims of effectiveness. Based on this examination, we find extensive evidence that brain training interventions improve performance on the trained tasks, less evidence that such interventions improve performance on closely related tasks, and little evidence that training enhances performance on distantly related tasks or that training improves everyday cognitive performance. We also find that many of the published intervention studies had major shortcomings in design or analysis that preclude definitive conclusions about the efficacy of training, and that none of the cited studies conformed to all of the best practices we identify as essential to drawing clear conclusions about the benefits of brain training for everyday activities. We conclude with detailed recommendations for scientists, funding agencies, and policymakers that, if adopted, would lead to better evidence regarding the efficacy of brain training interventions.