nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Metode penelitian ilmiah aplikasi dalam pendidikan dan sosial

Buku Metode Penelitian Ilmiah ini dapat dijadikan pedoman secara teoritis dalam penelitian yang mengkaji dibidang pendidikan dan sosial. Buku ini menjelaskan secara terinci tentang pengertian penelitian, ragam penelitian, unsur unsur isi proposal penelitian, perumusan permasalahan, penulisan tinjauan pustaka, metode penelitian pengembangan, metode penelitian kualitatif, metode penelitian kuantitatif, contoh pembuatan abstrak, pembuatan proposal, mencari dan menentukan masalah penelitian, menentukan fokus dan rumus masalah serta sinopsis, teknik pengumpulan data, teknik analisis data kualitatif, dan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Hampir semua telahan Bab disertai dengan contoh contoh. Buku ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi semua kalangan masyarakat, begitu juga para perhati sosial dan pendidikan. Dari dahulu hingga saat ini, penelitian atau Research hanya dijadikan sebagai tugas akhir akademis, para pemula dan Mahasiswa sering merasa kesulitan ketika akan mengerjakan penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Hal ini disebabkan terbatasnya buku referensi yang memberikan contoh contoh praktis yang bisa dipahami sebagai sumber ilmu pengetahuan di dalam penelitian.
Youth and Resilience in Postconflict Settings: An Intervention for War Affected Youth in Sierra Leone
Venue: Human Development

In Sierra Leone, as in conflict and postconflict settings around the world, youth are coping with their exposure to violence during conflict as well as the poverty and displacement that follow war and the stigma that can persist long after involvement with armed groups has ended. Both contextual and individual factors influence whether youth overcome these barriers successfully and resume positive life trajectories, or struggle to reintegrate into their families and communities. This study reviews findings from the 14 year Longitudinal Study of War Affected Youth in Sierra Leone and a recent intervention study examining a short term group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention for war affected youth, and discusses the implications of the impact of interventions for understanding and promoting resilience in war affected youth. The results suggest that group CBT approaches may be a cost effective means of targeting support to youth most in need of psychosocial support in postconflict settings.
Costs and cost effectiveness of a mental health intervention for war affected young persons: decision analysis based on a randomized controlled trial.
Venue: Health policy and planning

One billion children live in war affected regions of the world. We conducted the first cost effectiveness analysis of an intervention for war affected youth in sub Saharan Africa, as well as a broader cost analysis.  The Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI) is a behavioural treatment for reducing functional impairment associated with psychological distress among war affected young persons. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from July 2012 to July 2013. Participants (n 436, aged 15 24) were randomized to YRI (n 222) or care as usual (n 214) Functional impairment was indexed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale; scores were converted to quality adjusted life years (QALYs) An 'ingredients approach' estimated financial and economic costs, assuming a societal perspective. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also expressed in terms of gains across dimensions of mental health and schooling. Secondary analyses explored whether intervention effects were largest among those worst off (upper quartile) at baseline.  Retention at 6 month follow up was 85% (n 371) The estimated economic cost of the intervention was $104 per participant. Functional impairment was lower among YRI recipients, compared with controls, following the intervention but not at 6 month follow up, and yielded an ICER of $7260 per QALY gained. At 8 month follow up, teachers' interviews indicated that YRI recipients observed higher school enrolment [P 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 8.9] denoting a cost of $431 per additional school year gained, as well as better school attendance (P 0.007, OR 34.9) and performance (P 0.03, effect size 1.31) Secondary analyses indicated that the intervention was cost effective among those worst off at baseline, yielding an ICER of $3564 per QALY gained.  The YRI is not cost effective at a willingness to pay threshold of three times average gross domestic product per capita. However, results indicate that the YRI translated into a range of benefits, such as improved school enrolment, not captured by cost effectiveness analysis. We also outline areas for modification to improve cost effectiveness in future trials.
Simultaneous 68Ga PSMA HBED CC PET/MRI Improves the Localization of Primary Prostate Cancer.
Venue: European urology

Ligands of the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) show promising results in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer (PCa)  To compare the diagnostic performance of simultaneous gallium 68 (68Ga) PSMA HBED CC PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for localization of primary PCa with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and PET alone.  We performed 68Ga PSMA HBED CC PET/MRI in 66 men with biopsy proven PCa.  PET, mpMRI, and combined 68Ga PSMA HBED CC PET/MRI were independently evaluated using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System criteria or a 5 point Likert scale. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The prostate was divided into sextants for histopathology and coregistered with imaging. Diagnostic performance for localization of malignancy was calculated based on receiver operating characteristics analysis for each modality. Regional quantitative PET tracer uptake was recorded; uptake ratio was defined as the ratio of malignant to nonmalignant prostate tissue.  A total of 53 of 66 patients were eligible for analysis. mpMRI, PET, and PET/MRI detected cancer in 66% (35 of 53) 92% (49 of 53) and 98% (52 of 53) of the patients, respectively. Overall, 202 of 318 sextants (63.5% contained cancer at pathologic examination. Simultaneous PET/MRI statistically outperformed mpMRI (area under the curve [AUC] 0.88 vs 0.73; p<0.001) and PET imaging (AUC: 0.88 vs 0.83; p=0.002) for localization of PCa. Compared with mpMRI, PET imaging was more accurate (AUC: 0.83 vs 0.73; p=0.003) PET provided a high uptake ratio between malignant versus nonmalignant tissue (5.02 [range: 0.89 29.8] but no significant correlation was observed between quantitative PET parameters and Gleason score or prostate specific antigen value.  PSMA HBED CC PET/MRI improves diagnostic accuracy for PCa localization both compared with mpMRI and with PET imaging alone. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate its potential (eg, for biopsy guidance)  We examined gallium 68 (68Ga) prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) HBED CC positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) for primary prostate cancer (PCa) and compared it with multiparametric MRI and PET alone. Our results indicate a higher diagnostic accuracy for 68Ga PSMA HBED CC PET/MRI that may help localize PCa.
Learning Dense Correspondence via 3D Guided Cycle Consistency
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Discriminative deep learning approaches have shown impressive results for problems where human labeled ground truth is plentiful, but what about tasks where labels are difficult or impossible to obtain? This paper tackles one such problem: establishing dense visual correspondence across different object instances. For this task, although we do not know what the ground truth is, we know it should be consistent across instances of that category. We exploit this consistency as a supervisory signal to train a convolutional neural network to predict cross instance correspondences between pairs of images depicting objects of the same category. For each pair of training images we find an appropriate 3D CAD model and render two synthetic views to link in with the pair, establishing a correspondence flow 4 cycle. We use ground truth synthetic to synthetic correspondences, provided by the rendering engine, to train a ConvNet to predict synthetic to real, real to real and real to synthetic correspondences that are cycle consistent with the ground truth. At test time, no CAD models are required. We demonstrate that our end to end trained ConvNet supervised by cycle consistency outperforms state of the art pairwise matching methods in correspondence related tasks.
The Dynamics of Prosocial Leadership: Power and Influence in Collective Action Groups

This paper bridges insights from theories of collective action, power, and influence to address the conditions under which group leaders solve collective action problems. We show how leaders' behaviors impact the success of collective action groups as a whole via both power and influence processes. In a laboratory experiment, groups first completed a baseline measure of cooperation in a public good dilemma without punishment. In a second phase, the capacity to punish was introduced. One condition, the "peer sanctioning condition," was equivalent to the prevailing solution in the experimental literature on collective action, where the ability to punish others is distributed equally among all group members. In the other two conditions, only a single group "leader" could punish; we varied whether the person assigned to lead was other regarding (prosocial) or self regarding (proself) The results support our prediction that prosocial leaders increase their contributions to the group after ascending to leadership, while proself leaders reduce their contributions. Further, as expected, rank and file group members are influenced by leaders' contribution behaviors; as a result, prosocial led groups as a whole were substantially more productive than proself led groups. Indeed, as predicted, prosocial leaders were even more effective in maintaining large group contributions than the standard peer sanctioning system. These findings suggest that putting power and influence in the right hands solves collective action problems and promotes collective welfare.
Geotechnical and Leaching Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash for Use as Embankment Fill Material

The beneficial use of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash promotes sustainability in highway construction. This study investigated the geotechnical and chemical leaching characteristics of fresh and aged MSWI fly ash samples for use of the material in highway construction applications. The results show that the geotechnical properties of MSWI fly ash resemble those of silty sands with poor drainage capacity. Compared with fresh ash <10 days since placement) aged ash (3 to 6 months) has a higher California bearing ratio, higher unconfined compressive strength, and greater freeze thaw durability. The concentrations of cadmium, chromium, selenium, silver, and sulfate from water leach tests are below the limits stipulated in Wisconsin NR 538. The concentrations of heavy metals in leachate from Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure tests are below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's standard maximum contaminant level, with the exception of arsenic. Cumulative mass release from column leach tests indicates that fresh ash will release more heavy metals than aged ash during long term leaching processes. According to the geotechnical and environmental test results in this investigation, aged MSWI fly ash is identified as a viable material for potential use in roadway construction.
A 100 kHz Time Resolved Multiple Probe Femtosecond to Second Infrared Absorption Spectrometer
Venue: Applied spectroscopy

We present a dual amplifier laser system for time resolved multiple probe infrared (IR) spectroscopy based on the ytterbium potassium gadolinium tungstate (Yb:KGW) laser medium. Comparisons are made between the ytterbium based technology and titanium sapphire laser systems for time resolved IR spectroscopy measurements. The 100 kHz probing system provides new capability in time resolved multiple probe experiments, as more information is obtained from samples in a single experiment through multiple probing. This method uses the high repetition rate probe pulses to repeatedly measure spectra at 10 us intervals following excitation allowing extended timescales to be measured routinely along with ultrafast data. Results are presented showing the measurement of molecular dynamics over >10 orders of magnitude in timescale, out to 20 ms, with an experimental time response of <200 fs. The power of multiple probing is explored through principal component analysis of repeating probe measurements as a novel method for removing noise and measurement artifacts.
Dual wavelength excitation for the time resolved photoluminescence imaging of painted ancient Egyptian objects
Venue: Heritage Science

BackgroundThe scientific imaging of works of art is crucial for the assessment of the presence and distribution of pigments and other materials on surfaces. It is known that some ancient pigments are luminescent: these include pink red lakes and the blue and purple pigments Egyptian Blue (CaCuSi4O10) Han blue (BaCuSi4O10) and Han purple (BaCuSi2O6) Indeed, the unique near infrared luminescence emission of Egyptian blue allows the imaging of its distribution on surfaces.ResultsWe focus on the imaging of the time resolved photoluminescence of ancient Egyptian objects in the Burri Collection from the Civic Museum of Crema and of the Cremasco (Italy) Time resolved photoluminescence images have been acquired using excitation at 355 nm for detecting the ns emission of red lakes and binding media; by employing 532 nm excitation Egyptian blue is probed, and the spatial distribution of its long lived microsecond emission is imaged. For the first time we provide data on the photoluminescence lifetime of Egyptian blue directly from objects. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of a pulsed laser emitting at two different wavelengths increases the effectiveness of the lifetime imaging technique for mapping the presence of emissions from pigments on painted surfaces. Laser induced luminescence spectra from different areas of the objects and traditional digital imaging, using led based lamps, long pass filters and a commercial photographic camera, complement the results from photoluminescence lifetime imaging. We demonstrate the versatility of a new instrumental setup, capable of recording decay emission kinetics with lifetimes from nanosecond to microseconds.ConclusionsWhile the combined wavelength approach for the imaging of emissions from different materials has been demonstrated for the study of ancient Egyptian pigments (both organic and inorganic) the method could be extended to the analysis of modern pigments and paintings.Graphical abstractA false colour time resolved photoluminescence image overlaid on the infrared luminescence image of an Ancient Egyptian cartonage; two excitation wavelengths (355 and 532 nm) were employed to excite different pigments on the surface. Egyptain blue pigment is responsible for the infrared luminescence and the long lived emission at 920 nm, while other pigments including red lakes are responsible for the nanosecond emission with a maximum between 590 615 nm
When, where and whom: assessing wildlife attacks on people in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Venue: Oryx

Wildlife attacks on people in and around protected areas have become one of the main challenges for wildlife management authorities. We assessed all correlates of wildlife attacks during 2003 2013 in the vicinity of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We used data from various sources (discussion with stakeholders, field observations, questionnaire surveys) Wildlife attacks were significantly correlated to factors such as site, season and time, activity, gender and awareness. Moreover, 89% of recorded attacks occurred outside the Park. The number of attacks fluctuated widely and patterns of attacks were significantly uneven across seasons and months. Of the 87% of attacks that occurred during the day, 63% occurred in the morning. Most victims were male and c. 45% of attacks occurred when people were collecting forest resources or working on croplands. Attacks were carried out predominantly by rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis (38% tigers Panthera tigris (21% sloth bears Melursus ursinus (18% elephants Elephas maximus (9% and wild boar Sus scrofa (8% The people attacked lived close to the Park, depended on farming for their livelihoods, and had little knowledge of animal behaviour. Attacks can be mitigated through proper management of habitats inside the Park and raising awareness of wildlife behaviour among local people. We recommend establishing a participatory emergency rescue team to deal with problematic animals in high risk areas.
Mitigating Human Tiger Conflict: An Assessment of Compensation Payments and Tiger Removals in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Human tiger conflict is one of the most critical issues in tiger conservation, requiring a focus on effective mitigation measures. We assessed the mitigation measures used between 2007 and 2014 in Chitwan National Park (CNP) and its buffer zone, which include: compensation payments made to human victims or their families, compensation for livestock loss through depredation, and the removal of tigers involved in conflicts. The data collected from the offices of CNP and the Buffer Zone Management Committee were triangulated during questionnaire surveys (n=83) and key informant interviews (n=13) A total compensation of US$ 93,618 $11,702.3 per year) was paid for tiger attacks during the eight year period. Of this, the majority (65% was in payment for human killings, followed by payment for livestock depredations (29.3% and for human injuries (5.7% The payments on average covered 80.7% of medical expenses of injured persons, and 61.7% of the monetary value of killed livestock. Goats had the highest proportion of payments (43.5% for livestock. A linear model suggested there was an increasing trend in total annual payments from $2,000 in 2007 to $21,536 in 2014, a jump of 976% A total of 15 tigers were removed from the wild for conflict reasons: 11 by authorities, and four killed by local people in retaliation. Thirteen tigers were removed from the buffer zone alone. The majority of the removed tigers were adults (n=9) and healthy (n=9) Most (n=12) of the removed tigers were killed, or died after removal, indicating greater impacts of tiger removal in CNP. We suggest that in order to encourage community engagement, compensation payments be paid quickly, an insurance scheme in the buffer zone be promoted, live removed tigers be better managed, including radio tracking of wild released individuals, and awareness programs be targeted at affected communities.
Alloy: Clustering with Crowds and Computation
Venue: CHI

Crowdsourced clustering approaches present a promising way to harness deep semantic knowledge for clustering complex information. However, existing approaches have difficulties supporting the global context needed for workers to generate meaningful categories, and are costly because all items require human judgments. We introduce Alloy, a hybrid approach that combines the richness of human judgments with the power of machine algorithms. Alloy supports greater global context through a new "sample and search" crowd pattern which changes the crowd's task from classifying a fixed subset of items to actively sampling and querying the entire dataset. It also improves efficiency through a two phase process in which crowds provide examples to help a machine cluster the head of the distribution, then classify low confidence examples in the tail. To accomplish this, Alloy introduces a modular "cast and gather" approach which leverages a machine learning backbone to stitch together different types of judgment tasks.
MEDXVIEWER: PROVIDING A WEB ENABLED WORKSTATION ENVIRONMENT FOR COLLABORATIVE AND REMOTE MEDICAL IMAGING VIEWING, PERCEPTION STUDIES AND READER TRAINING.
Venue: Radiation protection dosimetry

MedXViewer (Medical eXtensible Viewer) has been developed to address the need for workstation independent, picture archiving and communication system (PACS) less viewing and interaction with anonymised medical images. The aim of this paper is to describe the design and features of MedXViewer as well as to introduce the new features available in the latest release (version 1.2) MedXViewer currently supports digital mammography and tomosynthesis. The flexible software design used to develop MedXViewer allows it to be easily extended to support other imaging modalities. Regions of interest can be drawn by a user, and any associated information about a mark, an image or a study can be added. The questions and settings can be easily configured depending on the need of the research allowing both ROC and FROC studies to be performed. Complex tree like questions can be asked where a given answer presents the user to new questions. The hanging protocol can be specified for each study. Panning, windowing, zooming and moving through slices are all available while modality specific features can be easily enabled, e.g. quadrant zooming in digital mammography and tomosynthesis studies. MedXViewer can integrate with a web based image database OPTIMAM Medical Image Database allowing results and images to be stored centrally. The software can, alternatively, run without a network connection where the images and results can be encrypted and stored locally on a machine or external drive. MedXViewer has been used for running remote paper less observer studies and is capable of providing a training infrastructure and coordinating remote collaborative viewing sessions.
Special Educational Needs: A Guide for Inclusive Practice

Foreword Baroness Warnock PART ONE: POLICY, PRACTICE AND PROVISION  Gavin Reid and Lindsay Peer Special and Additional Support Needs in England and Scotland: Current Dilemmas and Solutions Sheila Riddell, Elisabet Weedon and Neville Harris The State of the Research: Compromise, Consensus or Disarray? Elias Avramidis and Brahm Norwich Inclusion and SEN: A Dialogic Inquiry into Controversial Issues Artemi Sakellariadis SEN: The Potential Impact and Influence of the Social Model of Disability Charles Weedon PART TWO: PERSPECTIVES FROM PRACTICE Speech and Language Janet Farrugia and Janet O'Keefe Auditory Processing Disorder Tony Sirimanna Dyspraxia from an Occupational Therapy Perspective Jane Abdullah Vision and Learning Keith Holland Good Practice in Training Specialist Teachers and Assessors of People with Dyslexia Sheena Bell and Bernadette McLean Literacy Margaret Crombie The Morphological Approach Neville Brown and Daryl Brown Managing Learning Difficulties and Dyscalculia Steve Chinn PART THREE: SYNDROMES AND BARRIERS Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD or Hyperkinetic Disorder) Dr Richard Soppitt Visual Impairment and Mainstream Education: Beyond Mere Awareness Raising John Ravenscroft Students with Hearing Loss Jill Duncan Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Issues and Responses Gavin Reid and Sionah Lannen Understanding Tourette Syndrome Judy Barrow and John Davidson PART FOUR: WORKING TOGETHER SEN: The Role and Perspectives of Practitioner Educational Psychologists Kevin Woods SEN and Legal  Advocacy and Accountability John Friel Parents' Perspectives Lindsay Peer, Gavin Reid and Susan Strachan