nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of coconut shell from agriculture waste as fine aggregate in asphaltic concrete

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of coconut shell as fine aggregate in asphaltic concrete. The mix design incorporating penetration grade 80/100 bitumen was used to produce the specimens testing. Four coconut shell replacement levels were considered in the study: 10% 20% 30% and 40% respectively. The aggregate properties were evaluated through aggregate impact value, specific gravity and water absorption test. In addition, the performance of coconut shell in asphalt mixes was identified by volumetric properties, indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus and dynamic creep test. The results revealed that controlled specimen's shows better volumetric properties compared to coconut shell mixes. However, 10% replacement of coconut shell indicated better performance than controlled specimen. It can be concluded that coconut shell inhibits great potential as road construction material but be only suitable for low traffic volume and at rural area.
AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USER ONLINE SECURITY BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM A UNIVERSITY

Title of Document: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USER ONLINE SECURITY BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM A UNIVERSITY Sruthi Bandi, Master of Information Management, 2016 Directed By: Dr. Michel Cukier, A. James Clark School of Engineering Dr. Susan Winter, College of Information Studies The ever increasing number and severity of cybersecurity breaches makes it vital to understand the factors that make organizations vulnerable. Since humans are considered the weakest link in the cybersecurity chain of an organization, this study evaluates users' individual differences (demographic factors, risk taking preferences, decision making styles and personality traits) to understand online security behavior. This thesis studies four different yet tightly related online security behaviors that influence organizational cybersecurity: device securement, password generation, proactive awareness and updating. A survey (N=369) of students, faculty and staff in a large mid Atlantic U.S. public university identifies individual characteristics that relate to online security behavior and characterizes the higher risk individuals that pose threats to the university's cybersecurity. Based on these findings and insights from interviews with phishing victims, the study concludes with recommendations to help similat organizations increase end user cybersecurity compliance and mitigate the risks caused by humans in the organizational cybersecurity chain. AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF USER ONLINE SECURITY BEHAVIOR: EVIDENCE FROM A
User and entity behavior analytics for enterprise security
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)

This paper presents an overview of an intelligence platform we have built to address threat hunting and incident investigation use cases in the cyber security domain. Specifically, we focus on User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) modules that track and monitor behaviors of users, IP addresses and devices in an enterprise. Anomalous behavior is automatically detected using machine learning algorithms based on Singular Values Decomposition (SVD) Such anomalous behavior indicative of potentially malicious activity is alerted to analysts with relevant contextual information for further investigation and action. We provide a detailed description of the models, algorithms and implementation underlying the module and demonstrate the functionality with empirical examples.
Observing two dark accelerators around the Galactic Centre with Fermi Large Area Telescope

We report the results from a detailed g ray investigation in the field of two "dark accelerators" HESS J1745 303 and HESS J1741 302, with 6.9 years of data obtained by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. For HESS J1745 303, we found that its MeV GeV emission is mainly originated from the "Region A" of the TeV feature. Its g ray spectrum can be modeled with a single power law with a photon index of 2.5 from few hundreds MeV to TeV. Moreover, an elongated feature, which extends from "Region A" toward northwest for 1.3 is discovered for the first time. The orientation of this feature is similar to that of a large scale atomic/molecular gas distribution. For HESS J1741 302, our analysis does not yield any MeV GeV counterpart for this unidentified TeV source. On the other hand, we have detected a new point source, Fermi J1740.1 3013, serendipitously. Its spectrum is apparently curved which resembles that of a g ray pulsar. This makes it possibly associated with PSR B1737 20 or PSR J1739 3023.
Modelling the introduction and spread of non native species: international trade and climate change drive ragweed invasion.
Venue: Global change biology

Biological invasions are a major driver of global change, for which models can attribute causes, assess impacts and guide management. However, invasion models typically focus on spread from known introduction points or non native distributions and ignore the transport processes by which species arrive. Here, we developed a simulation model to understand and describe plant invasion at a continental scale, integrating repeated transport through trade pathways, unintentional release events and the population dynamics and local anthropogenic dispersal that drive subsequent spread. We used the model to simulate the invasion of Europe by common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) a globally invasive plant that causes serious harm as an aeroallergen and crop weed. Simulations starting in 1950 accurately reproduced ragweed's current distribution, including the presence of records in climatically unsuitable areas as a result of repeated introduction. Furthermore, the model outputs were strongly correlated with spatial and temporal patterns of ragweed pollen concentrations, which are fully independent of the calibration data. The model suggests that recent trends for warmer summers and increased volumes of international trade have accelerated the ragweed invasion. For the latter, long distance dispersal because of trade within the invaded continent is highlighted as a key invasion process, in addition to import from the native range. Biosecurity simulations, whereby transport through trade pathways is halted, showed that effective control is only achieved by early action targeting all relevant pathways. We conclude that invasion models would benefit from integrating introduction processes (transport and release) with spread dynamics, to better represent propagule pressure from native sources as well as mechanisms for long distance dispersal within invaded continents. Ultimately, such integration may facilitate better prediction of spatial and temporal variation in invasion risk and provide useful guidance for management strategies to reduce the impacts of invasion.
Food Wine Pairing Suggestions as a Risk Reduction Strategy
Venue: Psychological reports

This study tests the effect of a pairing suggestion for food with wine by the glass directly placed on the menu. We made the assumption that these suggestions can, by reducing social and financial risk, increase wine by the glass sales. One hundred and fifty nine customers of a Swiss restaurant participated in this experiment. For 82 customers, a food and wine by the glass suggestion was directly placed on the menu while the 77 others were given a normal menu (without a pairing suggestion) Results show that this type of suggestion significantly increases wine sold by the glass. Practical applications of this strategy are discussed.
Contemporary Organization and a Perspective on Integration and Development

The modern organization is becoming more complex and dynamic. Handling such an organization often requires new solutions in order to quickly counter complexity in economy, politics and private life sectors. The cure to this situation may be understanding the complex connections between elements in the system. Thereupon, in the article the modern organization is presented with the use of a network using know why type thinking as also a model of an effective system taken from nature, which refers to two determinants integration and development. The aim of the article is an attempt to answer the question what conditions have to be fulfilled, for the organization to give a feeling of integration and development with a detailed focus on the balance between the two factors.
Mutual diffusion of binary liquid mixtures containing methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride.
Venue: The Journal of chemical physics

Mutual diffusion coefficients of all 20 binary liquid mixtures that can be formed out of methanol, ethanol, acetone, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride without a miscibility gap are studied at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure in the entire composition range. The considered mixtures show a varying mixing behavior from almost ideal to strongly non ideal. Predictive molecular dynamics simulations employing the Green Kubo formalism are carried out. Radial distribution functions are analyzed to gain an understanding of the liquid structure influencing the diffusion processes. It is shown that cluster formation in mixtures containing one alcoholic component has a significant impact on the diffusion process. The estimation of the thermodynamic factor from experimental vapor liquid equilibrium data is investigated, considering three excess Gibbs energy models, i.e. Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC. It is found that the Wilson model yields the thermodynamic factor that best suits the simulation results for the prediction of the Fick diffusion coefficient. Four semi empirical methods for the prediction of the self diffusion coefficients and nine predictive equations for the Fick diffusion coefficient are assessed and it is found that methods based on local composition models are more reliable. Finally, the shear viscosity and thermal conductivity are predicted and in most cases favorably compared with experimental literature values.
A systematic review of multi label feature selection and a new method based on label construction
Venue: Neurocomputing

Each example in a multi label dataset is associated with multiple labels, which are often correlated. Learning from this data can be improved when dimensionality reduction tasks, such as feature selection, are applied. The standard approach for multi label feature selection transforms the multi label dataset into single label datasets before using traditional feature selection algorithms. However, this approach often ignores label dependence. In this work, we propose an alternative method, LCFS, that constructs new labels based on relations between the original labels. By doing so, the label set from the data is augmented with second order information before applying the standard approach. To assess LCFS, an experimental evaluation using Information Gain as a measure to estimate the importance of features was carried out on 10 benchmark multi label datasets. This evaluation compared four LCFS settings with the standard approach, using random feature selection as a reference. For each dataset, the performance of a feature selection method is estimated by the quality of the classifiers built from the data described by the features selected by the method. The results show that a simple LCFS setting gave rise to classifiers similar to, or better than, the ones built using the standard approach. Furthermore, this work also pioneers the use of the systematic review method to survey the related work on multi label feature selection. The summary of the 99 papers found promotes the idea that exploring label dependence during feature selection can lead to good results. HighlightsBy constructing new labels, LCFS considers label relations from a multi label dataset.A LCFS setting achieved performance competitive with the standard approach.LCFS contributed to outperform classifiers based on experimental references.We also pioneer the systematic review use on multi label feature selection literature.The summary of 99 papers found evidence that agrees with LCFS achievements.
An effective test methodology enabling detection of weak bits in SRAMs: Case study in 28nm FDSOI
Venue: 2016 20th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test (VDAT)

In advanced technology nodes, device variations limit the SRAM performance and yield. Cell stability defined by the Static Noise Margin (SNM) of the SRAM cell primarily governs the performance with respect to yield in SRAMs. Variations in the scaled SRAMs increase the probability of cells becoming weak. To ensure reliability of SRAMs it is important to identify such cells post silicon. In this work, we propose a correlation based test methodology to detect the weak bits in SRAMs with respect to SNM. We present a case study for 64x64 SRAM in 28nm FDSOI technology. The proposed methodology targets high speed testing and lower test costs. It enables to perform the test at nominal operating voltage and room temperature. Suitable read stress is induced by boosting the Word Line (WL) voltage of the 6T SRAM cell. To validate the effectiveness of the test and find appropriate test stress we propose correlation methodology. With this test we could detect the weak cells possessing SNM upto 60mV across various process corners for stress voltage ranging from 1.14V to 1.16V. Moreover, it requires minimal area penalty and test time compared to standard tests.
SEL Site Localization Using Masking and PEM Imaging Techniques: A Case Study on Xilinx 28nm 7 Series FPGAs
Venue: 2016 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW)

An unusual methodology for localizing sparse SEL susceptible sites was successfully used to isolate the die region and identify the sensitive subcircuit responsible for a low cross section, low current latchup susceptibility in Xilinx 28nm 7 Series FPGAs. Die masking and photoemission electron microscopy (PEM) imaging contributed to the identification of the circuitry responsible for the latchup susceptibility in 7 Series devices. These results point to a possible approach for using selected devices from this family in high reliability space applications.
A Performance Case Study on Memristive Computing in Memory Versus Von Neumann Architecture
Venue: 2016 Data Compression Conference (DCC)

The Von Neumann bottleneck originates from the low bandwidth between processing and memory. One paradigm that could ease the bottleneck is Computing in Memory (CiM) where the same elements store logic values and perform logical operations on them in the same physical location. Here, presented are implementations of the K means clustering algorithm on a Memristive Logic Array based CiM implementation and a Machine Learning specific Transport Triggered Architecture (TTA) processor implemented on 28nm FDSOI technology and operating at 0.35V. While running K means, the Memristive CiM is 5,7 times faster and uses 2,3 times less energy than the TTA processor. However, the average power consumption of the MLA is 2,5 times the power of the TTA.
Caracterisation des emanations de dihydrogene naturel en contexte intracratonique exemple d'une interaction gaz/eau/roche au Kansas

Dans le cadre de la recherche de nouvelles sources d'energie propres et durables, nous etudions les mecanismes de formation du dihydrogene (H2) dans les environnements intra cratoniques. Des emanations naturelles de H2 ont precedemment ete decrites a proximite des dorsales medio oceaniques et des ceintures ophiolitiques. Cette production naturelle de gaz, telle que documentee dans la litterature, est etroitement liee au metasomatisme de roches ultrabasiques d'origine mantellique, riches en mineraux ferromagnesiens, a travers les reactions de serpentinisation. Au Kansas (USA) des emanations de H2 intra cratonique ont ete revelees des les annees 80 par l'etude de puits riches en H2. Nos travaux s'appuient sur un nouveau forage, D#2 (Kansas, USA) ainsi que deux forages existants depuis les annees 80, Heins#1 et Scott#1 (Kansas, USA) Le puits D#2 permet d'acceder a un aquifere moderement profond ~300 m) charge en H2. Le gaz est compose egalement de N2 et de CH4 tout comme le gaz issu des contextes ophiolitiques. Du He est present en quantite substantielle compare aux contextes precedents dans ces forages. Afin de comprendre les processus engendrant la production de H2 dans ce contexte geologique, de quantifier le gaz ainsi genere, et de determiner la relation du H2 avec les autres especes gazeuses une etude multidisciplinaire gaz/eau/roche a ete realisee. Les resultats obtenus lors de l'etude de ces fluides mis en parallele avec le contexte geologique regional et les lithologies observees ont permis (1) de proposer differents scenarios pour expliquer les associations de gaz observees et (2) de discuter de l'origine et des processus de production du H2, de l'He, et du N2.
The effect of biomass variations of Spartina alterniflora on the organic carbon content and composition of a salt marsh in northern Jiangsu Province, China

The relationship of the organic carbon content and surface sediment composition to the litter mass of Spartina alterniflora was analyzed to investigate the responses of organic carbon content and composition to biomass changes in a salt marsh after the introduction of S. alterniflora The vertical distribution of sediment organic carbon and its relationship with S. alterniflora underground biomass was also examined. The results show that the total organic carbon (TOC) recalcitrant carbon (RC) and labile carbon (LC) contents were significantly greater in the surface sediments of the S. alterniflora flat, which showed different intra annual variation trends compared to a bare flat. In particular, the majority of S. alterniflora derived organic carbon was LC in the S. alterniflora flat sediments, indicating that the introduction of S. alterniflora resulted in a significant increase in surface sediment LC content. In addition, the results of S. alterniflora litter decomposition revealed a rapid decrease of 40% in the organic carbon stocks within the first 2 months, and the TOC and LC contents showed intra annual variation trends similar to the surface litter mass but with a two month "phase difference" in time. Further analysis indicated, S. alterniflora litter controlled the content and proportion of the S. alterniflora derived TOC input, and it ultimately affected the TOC content variations in the sediments. However, due to the LC mainly originated from S. alterniflora the surface litter exerted more significant impact on the variation of LC content. In the bare flat core, the relatively low TOC, RC and LC content values were significantly influenced by the grain control effect, and the origins of these components were mainly derived from non S. alterniflora sources. However, in the S. alterniflora flat cores, the relationships between organic carbon content, grain size and underground biomass, together with the analysis of the organic carbon origins, indicated that the S. alterniflora underground biomass significantly affected the origin of organic carbon. In addition, Spartina alterniflora introduction significantly increased the carbon sequestration capacity of the tidal salt marsh in North Jiangsu. Furthermore, the TOC, LC and RC accumulation rate analyses also indicated that S. alterniflora introduction improved the salt marsh soil and was beneficial to long term carbon sequestration of the organic carbon pool.
Pyrolysis of a cellulose using a multimode microwave oven

a Cellulose was pyrolyzed using a multimode microwave oven, different microwave absorbers and experimental set ups. The microwave absorber showed a strong influence: carbon gave a large gasification of cellulose (yield of gas up to 53.8% while Al 2 O 3 gave a high yield of bio char (64.1% and a low gas production (3.0% Bio oil was obtained with the highest yield (37.6% using iron as microwave absorber and a condenser between the oven and the collecting system. Dark brown bio oils having low density and viscosity due to the presence of large amount of furanosidic compounds were collected. Bio oils were characterized through GC MS, FT IR, NMR, The GC MS analysis was employed to evaluate the composition of bio oils using calculated retention factors. A high concentration of levoglucosan (133.9 mg/mL) together with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, 1 hydroxy 2 propanone, formic acid and furfural were obtained using graphite as microwave absorber. A mechanisms was proposed to rationalize the formation of aromatic compounds present in bio oils. Water contents in bio oils were affected by all parameters of the process, mainly by the microwave absorber. The use of silica has proved to be a promising way to obtain bio oil with low water content (13% while pyrolysis in the presence of carbon gave a large amount of water (46%
Simulation of RFID based Folded Patched Antenna for Strain Sensing

RFID based strain sensors with quarter wave rectangular patched antennas were investigated for monitoring the strain in structures. When the patch antenna is under strain/deformation, causing electromagnetic resonance frequency of the antenna shifting, its resonance frequency varies accordingly. The RFID based sensors can be interrogated by a wireless or wired interrogation equipment, and the variation of the resonance frequency can be identified by measuring the backscatter parameter of antenna, then the amount of the strain can be determined. This paper designed two folded patched antenna sensors with different material of the substrate, RT 5870 and FR4. A 2.4GHz quarter wave patched antenna is used for minimizing the size of the sensor. The correlation between resonance frequency variation and the strain were simulated numerically via HFSS and the strain transfer efficiency of sensor were simulated via ABAQUS software. The simulation results showed that the variation of the resonance frequency of both sensors is due to the contribution of the strain in longitudinal direction. The width variation of the rectangular patched antenna has little influence on the variation of resonance frequency in transversal direction, therefore the resonance frequency shifting of strain sensors depends on the strain in longitudinal direction. To compare the difference between two antennas, the antenna with FR4 substrate has a better performance, it has smaller size, less impact of width strain and better strain transfer efficiency.
Local and global regulation of transcription initiation in bacteria
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology

Gene expression in bacteria relies on promoter recognition by the DNA dependent RNA polymerase and subsequent transcription initiation. Bacterial cells are able to tune their transcriptional programmes to changing environments, through numerous mechanisms that regulate the activity of RNA polymerase, or change the set of promoters to which the RNA polymerase can bind. In this Review, we outline our current understanding of the different factors that direct the regulation of transcription initiation in bacteria, whether by interacting with promoters, with RNA polymerase or with both, and we discuss the diverse molecular mechanisms that are used by these factors to regulate gene expression.