nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Constraints on the source parameters of low frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault

Low frequency earthquakes (LFEs) are small repeating earthquakes that occur in conjunction with deep slow slip. Like typical earthquakes, LFEs are thought to represent shear slip on crustal faults, but when compared to earthquakes of the same magnitude, LFEs are depleted in high frequency content and have lower corner frequencies, implying longer duration. Here we exploit this difference to estimate the duration of LFEs on the deep San Andreas Fault (SAF) We find that the M~ 1 LFEs have typical durations of ~0.2 s. Using the annual slip rate of the deep SAF and the average number of LFEs per year, we estimate average LFE slip rates of ~0.24mm/s. When combined with the LFE magnitude, this number implies a stress drop of ~10 Pa, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than ordinary earthquakes, and a rupture velocity of 0.7 km/s, 20% of the shear wave speed. Typical earthquakes are thought to have rupture velocities of ~80 90% of the shear wave speed. Together, the slow rupture velocity, low stress drops, and slow slip velocity explain why LFEs are depleted in high frequency content relative to ordinary earthquakes and suggest that LFE sources represent areas capable of relatively higher slip speed in deep fault zones. Additionally, changes in rheology may not be required to explain both LFEs and slow slip; the same process that governs the slip speed during slow earthquakes may also limit the rupture velocity of LFEs.
A permeability and compliance contrast measured hydrogeologically on the San Andreas Fault

Hydrogeologic properties of fault zones are critical to faulting processes; however, they are not well understood and difficult to measure in situ, particularly in low permeability fractured bedrock formations. Analysis of continuous water level response to Earth tides in monitoring wells provides a method to measure the in situ hydrogeologic properties. We utilize four monitoring wells within the San Andreas Fault zone near Logan Quarry to study the fault zone hydrogeologic architecture by measuring the water level tidal response. The specific storage and permeability inferred from the tidal response suggest that there is a difference in properties at different distances from the fault. The sites closer to the fault have higher specific storage and higher permeability than farther from the fault. This difference of properties might be related to the fault zone fracture distribution decreasing away from the fault. Although permeability channels near faults have been documented before, the difference in specific storage near the fault is a new observation. The inferred compliance contrast is consistent with prior estimates of elastic moduli in the near fault environment, but the direct measurements are new. The combination of measured permeability and storage yields a diffusivity of about 10 m/s at all the sites both near and far from the fault as a result of the competing effects of permeability and specific storage. This uniform diffusivity structure suggests that the permeability contrast might not efficiently trap fluids during the interseismic period.
Challenges facing teachers in integrating educational technology into Kiswahili teaching. a case of selected secondary schools in Kisii county, Kenya.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has brought about profound changes in this 21st century era.ICT has changed the way people communicate and do business. In education, the role of ICT and whether or not it positively influences the learnersaEUR(tm) attitudes to work and particularly in language (Kiswahili) has been a matter of much debate. Globally, Kiswahili is taught as a language in universities such as Harvard, Yale, Germany, Osaka Japan, China, South Korea, South Africa, Ghana and Nigeria just to mention a few. Further, the African Union meetings recognize Kiswahili as one of the languages of communication. The use of ICT creates an environment which moves away from the traditional teacher centered approaches that have been devoid of learner enjoyment and explorativeness which are important characteristics of effective and meaningful learning. ICT allows learners to create, collect, store, use knowledge and information; and it enables learners to connect with people and resources all over the world (Alberta Learning, 2000) The emphasis of teaching Kiswahili language in Kenya is becoming commonplace. The professional development of teachers on the use of ICT enables them develop and update themselves on the ever changing trends and techniques of integrating Educational Technology (ICT based in teaching. The Ministry of Education in Kenya as in many countries in the world realized and accepted the importance of ICT in teaching. It was with this regard that New Partnership for Africa Development (NEPAD) a pilot project was started with an aim of trying to find out the possibility of realizing the dream of integrating ICT in teaching in secondary schools. However, like any new project, there is a possibility of certain challenges such as studentsaEUR(tm) attitudes and how to impart knowledge and skills which may first need to be addressed in order to guarantee full implementation and success of the project in Kenyan secondary schools. The presenters of this paper did a study of selected secondary schools in Kisii County Kenya. The purpose of the study was to investigate the professional preparedness of the Kiswahili teachers in integrating educational technology into the teaching of the language and establish challenges teachers face while trying to integrate technology into Kiswahili instructional process. The findings have important implications for the future integration of educational technology in the teaching of Kiswahili in Kenya. Will this dream come true? The presenters will share their findings and experience.
Novel graph processor architecture, prototype system, and results
Venue: 2016 IEEE High Performance Extreme Computing Conference (HPEC)

Graph algorithms are increasingly used in applications that exploit large databases. However, conventional processor architectures are inadequate for handling the throughput and memory requirements of graph computation. Lincoln Laboratory's graph processor architecture represents a rethinking of parallel architectures for graph problems. Our processor utilizes innovations that include a sparse matrix based graph instruction set, a cacheless memory system, accelerator based architecture, a systolic sorter, high bandwidth multidimensional toroidal communication network, and randomized communications. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) prototype of the new graph processor has been developed with significant performance enhancement over conventional processors in graph computational throughput.
Graph Based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Computational Complexity Reduction on a Multicore Heterogeneous Architecture
Venue: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine

This article deals with the computational complexity issue of graphbased simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) SLAM allows a robot that is navigating in an unknown environment to build a map of this environment while simultaneously determining the robot pose on this map. Graph based SLAM is a smoothing method that uses a graph to represent and solve the SLAM problem. We first propose a graph construction that takes advantage of the incremental and sparse characteristics of graph based SLAM. This incremental construction is exploited to perform several algorithmic optimizations. Second, we present a study of using a heterogeneous architecture to implement the graph based SLAM algorithm. Indeed, the emergence of recent heterogeneous embedded architectures should lead to a great advance in the design of embedded systems based robotics applications. As a result of this study, an algorithm architecture mapping is proposed for a central processing unit graphics processing unit (CPU GPU) based architecture. The study also investigates how this kind of architecture can speed up graph based SLAM by offloading some critical compute intensive tasks of the algorithm on the GPU. Some common data sets are used to compare our implementations to the state of the art.
Replica methods for loopy sparse random graphs

I report on the development of a novel statistical mechanical formalism for the analysis of random graphs with many short loops, and processes on such graphs. The graphs are defined via maximum entropy ensembles, in which both the degrees (via hard constraints) and the adjacency matrix spectrum (via a soft constraint) are prescribed. The sum over graphs can be done analytically, using a replica formalism with complex replica dimensions. All known results for tree like graphs are recovered in a suitable limit. For loopy graphs, the emerging theory has an appealing and intuitive structure, suggests how message passing algorithms should be adapted, and what is the structure of theories describing spin systems on loopy architectures. However, the formalism is still largely untested, and may require further adjustment and refinement.
A Hybrid Model to Detect Phishing Sites Using Supervised Learning Algorithms
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)

Since last decades, online technologies have revolutionized the modern computing world. However, as a result, security threats are increasing rapidly. A huge community is using the online services even from chatting to banking is done via online transactions. Customers of web technologies face various security threats and phishing is one of the most important threat that needs to be address. Therefore, the security mechanism must be enhanced. The attacker uses phishing attack to get victims credential information like bank account number, passwords or any other information by mimicking a website of an enterprise, and the victim is unaware of phishing website. In literature, several approaches have been proposed for detection and filtering phishing attack. However, researchers are still searching for such a solution that can provide better results to secure users from phishing attack. Phishing websites have certain characteristics and patterns and to identify those features can help us to detect phishing. To identify such features is a classification task and can be solved using data mining techniques. In this paper, we are presenting a hybrid model for classification to overcome phishing sites problem. To evaluate this model, we have used the dataset from UCI repository which contains 30 attributes and 11055 instances. The experimental results showed that our proposed hybrid model outperforms in terms of high accuracy and less error rate.
TSI Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Spectrometer Instrument Handbook

The Model 3936 Scanning Mobility Particle Spectrometer (SMPS) measures the size distribution of aerosols ranging from 10 nm up to 1000 nm. The SMPS uses a bipolar aerosol charger to keep particles within a known charge distribution. Charged particles are classified according to their electrical mobility, using a long column differential mobility analyzer (DMA) Particle concentration is measured with a condensation particle counter (CPC) The SMPS is well suited for applications including: nanoparticle research, atmospheric aerosol studies, pollution studies, smog chamber evaluations, engine exhaust and combustion studies, materials synthesis, filter efficiency testing, nucleation/condensation studies, and rapidly changing aerosol systems.
Real life use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in myelodysplastic syndromes: a "Gruppo Romano Mielodisplasie (GROM)" multicenter study
Venue: Annals of Hematology

The Gruppo Romano Mielodisplasie (GROM) conducted a retrospective study in 543 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) in "real life" clinical practice. The 40.000 UI/week erythropoietin (EPO) alpha and 30.000 UI/week EPO beta starting dose were defined "standard," and 80,000 UI/week EPO alpha and 60.000 UI/week EPO beta were defined "high." Response was defined according to International Working Group (IWG) 2006 criteria. At ESA's start, median age was 74.2 years (interquartile range (IR) 67.8 79.5) and median hemoglobin was 8.9 g/dl (IR 8.2 9.6) Median time from diagnosis to ESAs start was 3.8 months (IR 0.8 13.2) ESA starting dose was "standard" in 361 patients (66.5 and "high" in 182 patients (33.5 Erythroid response was observed in 82/185 (44.3 transfusion dependent (TD) patients as compared with 226/329 (68.6 transfusion independent (TI) ones (p 0.001) At multivariate analysis, in TD patients, only endogenous EPO levels <50 mU/l were significant (p 0.046) whereas in TI patients, high dose ESAs (p 0.001) abnormal creatinine levels (0.009) and endogenous EPO levels <50 mU/l (p 0.014) were predictors of response. Responders showed a higher 5 year overall survival (OS) (57.8 vs. 32.2 p 0.001) and leukemia free survival (76.0 vs. 49.8 p 0.001) At multivariable analysis for OS, response to ESA, low International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) no transfusion need, and female sex showed an independent favorable prognostic role. Our results confirm that treatment with ESAs is effective in a real life MDS setting, particularly at high dose and in TI patients. Prospective studies are needed to define the optimal starting dose.
The Code of Banking: Software as the Digitalization of German Savings Banks
Venue: HC

To the present day the history of banking software is nearly untold. While there is already some literature on the use of computers in the banking industry, most of it focuses only on the hardware and its restrictions (cf. Cortada 2006) The logic behind these machines remains untold. With the advent of the computer as a universal machine since the 1950s, business processes have been written into code, not hard wired into the machine. Furthermore, not the processor but the system software steered what was presented on the screen to the banking employee. Hardware got more and more exchangeable, while the real guiding principles of computing in action are to be found in software. This article analyzes how German savings banks used software to digitalize their business during the period of the Cold War.
Core Banking Software (CBS) Implementation Challenges of e Banking: An Exploratory Study on Bangladeshi Banks

Banking and financial sectors all around the world have embraced ICT to facilitate their customers with efficient services and innovative products through multi channel. The central engine that runs the core operations of the banking and financial institution is the Core Banking Software (CBS) The operational efficiency of a bank largely depends on the CBS. Moreover, it determines what a bank can offer in the future. In Bangladesh, ICT embracement has got momentum in the last decade. Some first mover banks in Bangladesh are in the process of CBS upgradation, and some other banks are trying to implement CBS to improve competitiveness, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance. However, CBS implementation has challenges; improper attention to these challenges may result in poor CBS performance. This exploratory study tried to identify the challenges that commercial banks in Bangladesh encounter in the process of core banking system implementation or upgradation. Factor analysis has been used to analyze data from 153 respondents from seven commercial banks. This study found three primary sources (factors) of CBS implementation challenges: management, technology and vendor. These factors include: consensus on requirements, the role of employees, vendor capabilities and credentials, the software flexibility, user friendliness, capability to meet requirements, employee skill set required and data migration. The findings may help the academicians to explore the factors in other cultures, countries and cross industry. It will also help the banking practitioners to concentrate on this challenging area to better implement and upgrade the core banking software in future.
Drivers for development of circular economy A case study of Serbia

Poor waste management in developing countries indicates that waste generation is mostly associated with the economic status of a society, their weak economy social factors affected by the absence of proper environmental legislation, financial management and administrative capacities. Over the years, increasing amount of waste without any treatment is mainly disposed of on the existing dumpsites in the municipalities. This practice not allows the exploitation of resources from waste, and represents a huge loss of resources and threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, this problem is very complex and requires constant adjustment of the situation, fluctuations and the needs and demands of innovative solutions. This paper is focused on the drivers that have the biggest impact on waste management in Serbia and improvement of the system by changing the impact of the drivers. The objective is related to waste management drivers in the context of circular economy. This includes establishing baseline data on waste and assessment of the current waste management system, setting future goals, identification of issues, plans for integrated waste management and their implementation. The paper identifies bottlenecks that restrict Serbian's sustainable development, such as low levels of reuse, recycling and recovery of waste, shortage of advanced technology, significant waste disposal amounts and weak economic incentives. The comparison is made with the Municipality of Ljubljana approach to Zero waste practice and circular economy. This analysis depicts real opportunities for more sustainable and efficient waste management in the municipalities and suggests a step forward towards the integrating best Zero Waste practices in the municipalities in developing countries.
Risk assessment and risk management: Review of recent advances on their foundation
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

Risk assessment and management was established as a scientific field some 30 40 years ago. Principles and methods were developed for how to conceptualise, assess and manage risk. These principles and methods still represent to a large extent the foundation of this field today, but many advances have been made, linked to both the theoretical platform and practical models and procedures. The purpose of the present invited paper is to perform a review of these advances, with a special focus on the fundamental ideas and thinking on which these are based. We have looked for trends in perspectives and approaches, and we also reflect on where further development of the risk field is needed and should be encouraged. The paper is written for readers with different types of background, not only for experts on risk.
An Ethnosemantic Study of Affinal Kinship Terms In Arabic and Arab Culture

This study explores the affinal (marriage kinship) relations and terminologies in Arab culture ethnosemantically. The affinal kinship terminologies represent the second basic taxonomy of kinship relations in every culture. The study includes a qualitative analysis by adopting the ethnosemantic or Cultural Domain Analysis (CDA) approach to fulfil the aims of this study. This approach helps researchers to identify and discuss the main terminologies of affinal kinship domain used in Arab culture. The study is based on data collected from the Holy Quran and some Arabic philology books. The study of this social domain in Arab culture is very useful to perceive and transfer people's culture to other communities. Moreover, recognizing and understanding certain culture's domains and norms may help people from other cultures avoid miscommunication or misunderstanding of other's cultures and help use the suitable items based on certain contexts. The findings of this study emphasised the importance of studying this domain as a socio cultural phenomenon that may help distinguish the main terminologies of marriage relations in Arab culture.
Introduction to Magnetic Random Access Memory

Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is poised to replace traditional computer memory based on complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) MRAM will surpass all other types of memory devices in terms of nonvolatility, low energy dissipation, fast switching speed, radiation hardness, and durability. Although toggle MRAM is currently a commercial product, it is clear that future developments in MRAM will be based on spin transfer torque, which makes use of electrons' spin angular momentum instead of their charge. MRAM will require an amalgamation of magnetics and microelectronics technologies. However, researchers and developers in magnetics and in microelectronics attend different technical conferences, publish in different journals, use different tools, and have different backgrounds in condensed matter physics, electrical engineering, and materials science.
Magnetic materials and 3D finite element modeling

Statics and Quasi Statics Electromagnetics Brief Presentation  The Maxwell Equations The Maxwell Equations: Local Form The Maxwell Equations: Integral Form The Maxwell Equations in Low Frequency The Electrostatics Magnetostatic Fields Magnetic Materials Inductance and Mutual Inductance Magnetodynamic Fields Fields Defined by Potentials Final Considerations References Ferromagnetic Materials and Iron Losses Introduction Basic Concepts Losses Components Iron Losses under Alternating, Rotating and DC Biased Inductions Final Considerations References Scalar Hysteresis Modeling  The Preisach's Scalar Model The Jiles Atherton Scalar Model Final Considerations References Vector Hysteresis Modeling Introduction Vector Model Obtained with the Superposition of Scalar Models Vector Generalizations of the Jiles Atherton Scalar Models Some Remarks Concerning the Vector Behavior of Hysteresis Final Considerations References Brief Presentation of the Finite Element Method  The Galerkin Method: Basic Concepts using Real Coordinates Generalization of the FEM: Using Reference Coordinates Numerical Integration Some Finite Elements Using Edge Elements References Using Nodal Elements with Magnetic Vector Potential Introduction Main Equations Applying Galerkin Method Uniqueness of the Solution the Coulomb's Gauge Implementation Example and Comparisons Final Considerations References The Source Field Method for 3D Magnetostatic Fields Introduction The Magnetostatic Case Scalar Potential The Magnetostatic Case Vector Potential Implementation Aspects and Conventions Computational Implementation Example and Results  Considering Eddy Currents Time Stepping Formulation Considering Eddy Currents Complex Formulation Field Circuit Coupling Computational Implementation The Differential Permeability Method Example and Results