nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Mechanical Factors in Applications of Stimuli Responsive Polymer Gels Status and Prospects.
Venue: Polymer

Due to their unique characteristics such as multifold change of volume in response to minute change in the environment, resemblance of soft biological tissues, ability to operate in wet environments, and chemical tailorability, stimuli responsive gels represent a versatile and very promising class of materials for sensors, muscle type actuators, biomedical applications, and autonomous intelligent structures. Success of these materials in practical applications largely depends on their ability to fulfill application specific mechanical requirements. This article provides an overview of recent application driven development of covalent polymer gels with special emphasis on the relevant mechanical factors and properties. A short account of mechanisms of gel swelling and mechanical characteristics of importance to stimuli responsive gels is presented. The review highlights major barriers for wider application of these materials and discusses latest advances and potential future directions toward overcoming these barriers, including interpenetrating networks, homogeneous networks, nanocomposites, and nanofilamentary gels.
Multi Stimuli Responsive Polymer Materials: Particles, Films, and Bulk Gels.
Venue: Chemical record

Stimuli responsive polymers have received tremendous attention from scientists and engineers for several decades due to the wide applications of these smart materials in biotechnology and nanotechnology. Driven by the complex functions of living systems, multi stimuli responsive polymer materials have been designed and developed in recent years. Compared with conventional single or dual stimuli based polymer materials, multi stimuli responsive polymer materials would be more intriguing since more functions and finer modulations can be achieved through more parameters. This critical review highlights the recent advances in this area and focuses on three types of multi stimuli responsive polymer materials, namely, multi stimuli responsive particles (micelles, micro/nanogels, vesicles, and hybrid particles) multi stimuli responsive films (polymer brushes, layer by layer polymer films, and porous membranes) and multi stimuli responsive bulk gels (hydrogels, organogels, and metallogels) from recent publications. Various stimuli, such as light, temperature, pH, reduction/oxidation, enzymes, ions, glucose, ultrasound, magnetic fields, mechanical stress, solvent, voltage, and electrochemistry, have been combined to switch the functions of polymers. The polymer design, preparation, and function of multi stimuli responsive particles, films, and bulk gels are comprehensively discussed here.
Fundamentals of Satellite Remote Sensing: An Environmental Approach, second edition, Emilio Chuvieco. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2016)
Venue: Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation

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Analysis and selection of powdered zeolite dosing point in enhanced coagulation sedimentation for treating micro ammonia polluted raw water

AbstractAmmonia pollution occurs frequently in urban water supply systems. Zeolite is a kind of promising adsorbent for ammonium removal. In an actual running water work, different zeolite dosing points should have various influences on the effluent, which, however, draws insufficient attention. This paper focuses on the analysis and selection of powdered zeolite (PZ) dosing point in enhanced coagulation sedimentation for treating micro ammonia polluted raw water. We investigate the variations of effluent ammonium concentration, turbidity, CODMn and UV254 of the coagulation sedimentation schemes which have different PZ dosing points and we also analyse the relevant causes. PZ dosing can induce extra turbidity and the existing turbidity can inhibit ammonium removal to certain extent. In CODMn and UV254 removal process, both synergistic effect and antagonistic effect exist, and PZ dosing point determines which effect it is. PZ dosing has a significant synergistic effect on promoting poly aluminium chloride
Powdered Ca activated zeolite for phosphate removal from treated waste water

A powdered zeolitic material synthesised from fly ash (FA) (NaP1 FA) and its calcium modified form (CaP1 NA) were studied as sorbent materials for the recovery of phosphate from treated waste water effluents. Phosphate sorption equilibrium experiments were performed by varying the experimental conditions, including solution pH, phosphate concentration, and the presence of competing ions.  The maximum phosphate sorption capacities were 57 5 and 203 11 mgP PO4g 1 for NaP1 FA and CaP1 NA, respectively. The sorption capacities of both zeolites in the pH range expected for waste water effluents (pH 7 to 9) were slightly dependent on pH, exhibiting maxima at pH 8. Phosphate removal proceeds through two main mechanisms: (a) surface complexation with AlOH and FeOH groups of the zeolitic structure or unreacted minerals from the FA; and (b) the formation of Ca phosphate phases, mainly brushite.  The removal mechanisms were confirmed by XRD analyses and P speciation. The stabilities of the phosphate loaded zeolite samples evaluated by the extraction experiments confirmed their potential availabilities in soil applications. Finally, the higher solubility of brushite compared with that of Hap makes this zeolitic material promising as a novel inorganic zeolite/CaP1 NA/brushite fertiliser
Direct Comparison of Urea SCR and NH3 SCR Activities Over Acidic Oxide and Exchanged Zeolite Prototype Powdered Catalysts
Venue: Topics in Catalysis

In order to develop new NOx selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts for automotive application, the DeNOx catalytic activity is commonly evaluate at the laboratory scale using NH3 as reductant. However, NH3 is not directly used on board: an ammonia precursor based on urea aqueous solution is injected in the exhaust pipe upstream the SCR catalyst. It is admitted that ammonia is then obtained by two successive reactions: the thermal decomposition of urea, leading to HNCO and NH3, and the HNCO hydrolysis, providing the second molecule of NH3. However, the complete availability of ammonia from urea could be not achieved before the SCR catalyst. Then, the influence of the SCR catalyst on these reactions may impact the NOx reduction efficiency. With the aim to study the possible role of the SCR catalyst on the ammonia availability, an innovative synthetic gas bench adjusted to powdered material was developed, allowing the direct comparison of the use of gaseous NH3 or urea (injected aqueous solution) for the NOx conversion, depending on the temperature (200 500 degC) This work presents results obtained with an oxide based prototype SCR catalyst in comparison with a patented Fe exchanged zeolite, evaluated in both standard and fast SCR stoichiometry. This study points out that, in contrast with the exchanged zeolite, the evaluated oxide based catalyst may not allow an optimal NOx conversion because of a lack in ammonia availability, attributed to insufficient activity in HNCO hydrolysis.
Selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aromatic aldehydes by BN/metal sulfide with enhanced photocatalytic activity

BN/metal sulfide composite (BN/In 2 S 3 was prepared by a facile in situ one pot hydrothermal method. The as synthesized photocatalyst was characterized by X ray powder diffraction (XRD) UV vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) N 2 sorption analysis, electron spin resonance (ESR) photoluminescence emission spectra (PL) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) The results show that compared with single In 2 S 3 the BN/In 2 S 3 photocatalyst exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance for selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aromatic aldehydes under visible light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BN/In 2 S 3 composite is mainly attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of BN nanosheet, which acts as a promoter for photoexcited holes transfer, thereby improving the charge separation efficiency and prolonging photoexcited electrons lifetime. Effects of the type of aromatic alcohol and the added scavenger on the photocatalytic efficiency were also investigated. O 2 radicals and photogenerated holes play decisive roles for photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aromatic aldehydes. This approach is versatile for constructing other high efficiency photocatalysts such as BN/CdS, BN/Cd x Zn 1 x S and BN/ZnIn 2 S 4 It is hoped that this work could provide new insights to construct the BN based composites for extensive photocatalytic applications.
Advanced photocatalytic performance of graphene like BN modified BiOBr flower like materials for the removal of pollutants and mechanism insight

Novel graphene like BN modified BiOBr materials have been synthesized via an ionic liquid assisted solvothermal process. The structure, morphology, optical and electronic properties were explored by the XRD, XPS, FT IR, SEM, TEM, DRS, PL, EIS and photocurrent. The photocatalytic performance of the graphene like BN/BiOBr materials was evaluated by the degradation of colorless antibiotic agent ciprofloxacin (CIP) tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. When the mass fraction of graphene like BN is 1% the graphene like BN/BiOBr materials exhibited the highest activity. The enhanced light harvesting ability and higher separation efficiency of photogenerated electron hole pairs by the modification of graphene like BN contributed to the higher photocatalytic activity. The photo degradation is dominant by the O2 and hole oxidation process. This exploration of graphene like BN modified BiOBr open a window for the use of other graphene like BN based composites in photocatalysis field.
Graphene like BN/BiOBr composite: synthesis via a reactable ionic liquid and enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance

Herein, novel graphene like BN/BiOBr composite was prepared through a facile solvothermal method in the presence of reactable ionic liquid [C16mim]Br. The structure and morphology of the as prepared samples were investigated by X ray diffraction (XRD) Transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X ray spectrometry, UV vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and photoluminescence (PL) The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. Results showed that the 0.05 wt% BN/BiOBr composite catalysts exhibit higher photoactivity than pure BiOBr. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the efficient separation of the photogenerated electron hole pairs of the composites which was confirmed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photocurrent and PL analysis. Meanwhile, the main active species of BN/BiOBr during the photocatalysis process were determined to be holes (h+
L DOPA Reverses the Increased Free Amino Acids Tissue Levels Induced by Dopamine Depletion and Rises GABA and Tyrosine in the Striatum
Venue: Neurotoxicity Research

Perturbations in the cerebral levels of various amino acids are associated with neurological disorders, and previous studies have suggested that such alterations have a role in the motor and non motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, the direct effects of chronic L DOPA treatment, that produces dyskinesia, on neural tissue amino acid concentrations have not been explored in detail. To evaluate whether striatal amino acid concentrations are altered in peak dose dyskinesia, 6 hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA) lesioned hemiparkinsonian mice were treated chronically with L DOPA and tissue amino acid concentrations were assessed by HPLC analysis. These experiments revealed that neither 6 OHDA nor L DOPA treatment are able to alter glutamate in the striatum. However, glutamine increases after 6 OHDA and returns back to normal levels with L DOPA treatment, suggesting increased striatal glutamatergic transmission with lack of dopamine. In addition, glycine and taurine levels are increased following dopamine denervation and restored to normal levels by L DOPA. Interestingly, dyskinetic animals showed increased levels of GABA and tyrosine, while aspartate striatal tissue levels are not altered. Overall, our results indicate that chronic L DOPA treatment, besides normalizing the altered levels of some amino acids after 6 OHDA, robustly increases striatal GABA and tyrosine levels which may in turn contribute to the development of L DOPA induced dyskinesia.
Modulatory Effects of Dietary Amino Acids on Neurodegenerative Diseases.
Venue: Advances in neurobiology

Proteins are playing a vital role in maintaining the cellular integrity and function, as well as for brain cells. Protein intake and supplementation of individual amino acids can affect the brain functioning and mental health, and many of the neurotransmitters in the brain are made from amino acids. The amino acid supplementation has been found to reduce symptoms, as they are converted into neurotransmitters which in turn extenuate the mental disorders. The biosynthesis of amino acids in the brain is regulated by the concentration of amino acids in plasma. The brain diseases such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Alzheimer's (AD) Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's diseases (HD) are the most common mental disorders that are currently widespread in numerous countries. The intricate biochemical and molecular machinery contributing to the neurological disorders is still unknown, and in this chapter, we revealed the involvement of dietary amino acids on neurological diseases.
Efficient one vs one kernel ridge regression for speech recognition
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

Recent evidences suggest that the performance of kernel methods may match that of deep neural networks (DNNs) which have been the state of the art approach for speech recognition. In this work, we present an improvement of the kernel ridge regression studied in Huang et al. ICASSP 2014, and show that our proposal is computationally advantageous. Our approach performs classifications by using the one vs one scheme, which, under certain assumptions, reduces the costs of the one vs rest scheme by asymptotically a factor of c2 in training time and c in memory consumption. Here, c is the number of classes and it is typically on the order of hundreds and thousands for speech recognition. We demonstrate empirical results on the benchmark corpus TIMIT. In particular, the classification accuracy is one to two percentages higher (in the absolute term) than the best of the kernel methods and of the DNNs reported by Huang et al, and the speech recognition accuracy is highly comparable.
Perceptual improvement of deep neural networks for monaural speech enhancement
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement (IWAENC)

Monaural speech enhancement is a key yet challenging problem for many important real world applications. Recently, deep neural networks(DNNs) based speech enhancement methods, which extract useful feature from complex feature, have demonstrated remarkable performance improvement. In this paper, we present a novel DNN architecture for monaural speech enhancement. Taking into account the masking properties of the human auditory system, a piecewise gain function is applied in the proposed DNN architecture, which is used to reduce the noise and make the residual noise perceptually inaudible. The proposed architecture jointly optimize the piecewise gain function and DNN. Systematic experiments on TIMIT corpus with 20 noise types at various signal to noise ratio (SNR) conditions demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DNN over the reference speech enhancement methods, no matter in the matched noise conditions or in the unmatched noise conditions.
Image Denoising Using Quadtree Based Nonlocal Means With Locally Adaptive Principal Component Analysis
Venue: IEEE Signal Processing Letters

In this letter, we present an efficient image denoising method combining quadtree based nonlocal means (NLM) and locally adaptive principal component analysis. It exploits nonlocal multiscale self similarity better, by creating sub patches of different sizes using quadtree decomposition on each patch. To achieve spatially uniform denoising, we propose a local noise variance estimator combined with denoiser based on locally adaptive principal component analysis. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves very competitive denoising performance compared with state of the art denoising methods, even obtaining better visual perception at high noise levels.
Two FOXP3+CD4+ T cell subpopulations distinctly control the prognosis of colorectal cancers
Venue: Nature Medicine

CD4+ T cells that express the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor function as regulatory T (Treg) cells and hinder effective immune responses against cancer cells. Abundant Treg cell infiltration into tumors is associated with poor clinical outcomes in various types of cancers. However, the role of Treg cells is controversial in colorectal cancers (CRCs) in which FOXP3+ T cell infiltration indicated better prognosis in some studies. Here we show that CRCs, which are commonly infiltrated by suppression competent FOXP3hi Treg cells, can be classified into two types by the degree of additional infiltration of FOXP3lo nonsuppressive T cells. The latter, which are distinguished from FOXP3+ Treg cells by non expression of the naive T cell marker CD45RA and instability of FOXP3, secreted inflammatory cytokines. Indeed, CRCs with abundant infiltration of FOXP3lo T cells showed significantly better prognosis than those with predominantly FOXP3hi Treg cell infiltration. Development of such inflammatory FOXP3lo non Treg cells may depend on secretion of interleukin (IL) 12 and transforming growth factor (TGF) b by tissues and their presence was correlated with tumor invasion by intestinal bacteria, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum. Thus, functionally distinct subpopulations of tumor infiltrating FOXP3+ T cells contribute in opposing ways to determining CRC prognosis. Depletion of FOXP3hi Treg cells from tumor tissues, which would augment antitumor immunity, could thus be used as an effective treatment strategy for CRCs and other cancers, whereas strategies that locally increase the population of FOXP3lo non Treg cells could be used to suppress or prevent tumor formation.
Futuristic device to device communication paradigm in vehicular ad hoc network
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe) The Next Generation IT Summit on the Theme Internet of Things: Connect your Worlds

Emerging heterogeneous networking is designed to accommodate large volumes of data traffic especially in vehicular environment. As a result, an increased level of QoS requirements and new solutions to ensure fast and reliable data delivery has become indispensable. In this context, device to device (D2D) communication technology in 5G network provides a reliable infrastructure which will enable dissemination of various safety and non safety applications. D2D communication alleviates fast communication between vehicles thereby improving the spectral efficiency, system capacity and throughput and overall performance of the system. This paper develops a paradigm to extend D2D for vehicular infrastructure with the capacity to facilitate vehicular traffic using the LTE band. To analyze the proposed scheme performance, simulations based on LTE network are performed. Results show that our approach provides significant enhancement over IEEE 802.11p standard and LTE A technology in terms of different performance metrics.
Advancing Understanding of Acculturation for Adolescents of Asian Immigrants: Person Oriented Analysis of Acculturation Strategy Among Korean American Youth
Venue: Journal of youth and adolescence

Acculturation strategy, a significant predictor of immigrant adaptation, has been under studied with Asian Americans, in particular, Asian American youth. Using person oriented latent profile analysis, this study identified acculturation strategies among Korean American early adolescents living in the Midwest. Two hundred ninety one families were interviewed in 2007 that included 220 youth (mean age 13, 47.7 female) along with 272 mothers and 164 fathers (N 656) They were re interviewed in 2008 (N 588) The study found three distinct acculturation strategies: separation (11.8 n 26) integrated bicultural (66.9 n 150) and modest bicultural (21.3 n 44) Integrated bicultural youth reported the strongest sense of ethnic identity and the most favorable characteristics, providing empirical support for the benefit of biculturalism. The findings further suggest that separation may not be as detrimental as previously thought, and modest bicultural biculturalism that is not fully developed may in fact be less desirable among Korean American youth.