nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new parallel splitting augmented Lagrangian based method for a Stackelberg game

This paper addresses a novel solution scheme for a special class of variational inequality problems which can be applied to model a Stackelberg game with one leader and three or more followers. In the scheme, the leader makes his decision first and then the followers reveal their choices simultaneously based on the information of the leader's strategy. Under mild conditions, we theoretically prove that the scheme can obtain an equilibrium. The proposed approach is applied to solve a simple game and a traffic problem. Numerical results about the performance of the new method are reported.
Enhanced models and improved solution for competitive biofuel supply chain design under land use constraints
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

This paper studies the effect of government regulation on farmland use to balance food and energy production in a competitive biofuel supply chain design framework. We propose a Stackelberg Nash game model with a direct land use constraint that captures farmland, food, and fuel market equilibrium. To provide farmers with incentives to comply with the land use regulation, we implement the land use constraint through a cap and trade mechanism which we show attains equivalent land use patterns. We further prove the existence of optimal solutions of the two equivalent discretely constrained mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (DC MPEC) models. Two adaptive "relax and tighten" schemes, integrality and Lagrangian duality based relaxation, are proposed to handle the binary variables in a mixed integer formulation of the models. The proposed methodology is tested in a case study for the State of Illinois. The computational results demonstrate the superiority of our customized algorithms to publicly available solvers for solving problems with realistic sizes. Finally, the efficiency of the cap and trade mechanism is demonstrated through comparisons of scenarios with and without regulation as well as a sensitivity analysis on the cap and trade level. The cap and trade policy is found to effectively reduce biomass farmland use and profits of the biofuel industry. It may have different impacts on social welfare depending on problem settings and market parameters. Cap and trade levels also affect system behavior and thus should be carefully selected.
Consumer Shopping Styles and Online Shopping: An Empirical Study of Indian Consumers

The generalizability and applicability of the Consumer Shopping Inventory (CSI) scale on Indian sample in predicting online shopping behavior was examined. CSI scale has been adapted by researchers to validate its applicability in different countries. Results revealed new factors and different segments of consumers were identified by factor analysis. The findings posit that the original U.S. eight factor model could not be confirmed completely on Indian sample. However, the study found support for five factors: quality conscious shopper, fashion conscious shopper, uninterested shopper, impulsive shopper, and brand conscious shopper. Online shopping behavior was categorized under convenience, information availability, and cost factors. Demographic factors do not influence consumers' decision to shop online. Consumers shopping online frequently and Impulsive shoppers are likely to look at convenience factor of online shopping. Information availability was important for fashion conscious shoppers, consumers frequently shopping online, and impulsive shoppers. Brand conscious shoppers and quality conscious shoppers were not likely to purchase online.
Novel method for position independent geometric error compensation of five axis orthogonal machine tool based on error motion

It has been proven that error compensation is a key technique to improve machining accuracy. However, existing iteration and recursive compensation algorithm is difficult to realize. Hence, a simple and rapid compensation method is considerably necessary for engineering application. In this paper, a novel compensation strategy just by algebraic operation was first proposed for machining accuracy improvement. Error motion transformation was introduced to build the position independent geometric error (PIGE) model according to homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) Then, the analytical numerical control (NC) code expression with error compensation was derived and used for NC code generation. In addition, the presented method is appropriate for post processing of non orthogonal machine tool. At last, simulation and cutting experiment were demonstrated to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Taking hemisphere surface as the test object, the simulation results showed that the effects of PIGEs could be eliminated by the proposed method. The experiment results with compensation indicated that the machining accuracy improved to about 14 compared with those without compensation.
Actual inverse kinematics for position independent and position dependent geometric error compensation of five axis machine tools

This paper proposes an efficient actual inverse kinematics method to compensate the geometric errors of five axis machine tools. The analytical expressions of corrected numerical control (NC) code are derived according to the invertibility, associative law of multiplication, and block calculation of homogenous transformation matrix (HTM) No additional analysis and models are needed for the compensated expressions, appropriate conversion with the geometric error model based on HTM is sufficient. It is simple, convenient and universal for geometric error compensation. The corrected NC code can be obtained through algebraic operation, without time consuming iteration, differential, or pseudo inverse algorithm. Then compensation accuracy and efficiency of the method are simulated. And the results indicate higher efficiency compared to existing method. At last, the method is verified by cutting experiment on a five axis machine tool. Both simulation and experiment results can validate the feasibility of the method. The proposed method significantly improves the computation efficiency and is considered more suitable for real time compensation.
Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Results of several studies have suggested that smartphone addiction has negative effects on mental health and well being. To contribute to knowledge on this topic, our study had two aims. One was to investigate the relationship between risk of smartphone addiction and satisfaction with life mediated by stress and academic performance. The other aim was to explore whether satisfaction with life mediated by stress and academic performance facilitates smartphone addiction. To identify test subjects, systematic random sampling was implemented. A total of 300 university students completed an online survey questionnaire that was posted to the student information system. The survey questionnaire collected demographic information and responses to scales including the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Data analyses included Pearson correlations between the main variables and multivariate analysis of variances. The results showed that smartphone addiction risk was positively related to perceived stress, but the latter was negatively related to satisfaction with life. Additionally, a smartphone addiction risk was negatively related to academic performance, but the latter was positively related to satisfaction with life. Stress mediates the relationship between smartphone addiction and satisfaction with life.Academic performance mediates the relationship b/w smartphone addiction satisfaction with life.There is a zero order correlation between smartphone addiction and satisfaction with life.
The influence of academic self efficacy on academic performance: A systematic review

This review integrates 12 years of research on the relationship between academic self efficacy and university student's academic performance, and known cognitive and motivational variables that explain this relationship. Previous reviews report moderate correlations between these variables, but few discuss mediating and moderating factors that impact this relationship. Systematic searches were conducted in April 2015 of psychological, educational, and relevant online databases for studies investigating academic self efficacy and performance in university populations published between September 2003 and April 2015. Fifty nine papers were eligible. Academic self efficacy moderately correlated with academic performance. Several mediating and moderating factors were identified, including effort regulation, deep processing strategies and goal orientations. Given the paucity of longitudinal studies identified in this review, further research into how these variables relate over time is necessary in order to establish causality and uncover the complex interaction between academic self efficacy, performance, and motivational and cognitive variables that impact it.
Learning vocabulary through audiovisual input: The differential effect of L1 subtitles and captions

Recent research has shown that learners can learn new words while watching TV programs. However, the number of words learned tends to be low. Several studies have demonstrated that first language (L1) subtitles as well as captions subtitles in the foreign language) have the potential to increase learning gains compared to when no on screen text aids are provided. However, the evidence regarding the differential effect of both types of subtitles is still inconclusive. This paper reports on two exploratory studies investigating the effect of L1 subtitles and captions on different aspects of word knowledge among English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in Flanders (Belgium) Data were collected in two different educational settings: intermediate EFL learners from a general school and low proficiency EFL learners from a vocational school. Although learning gains were generally low, results indicated that captions have the potential to increase form learning. However, learners who were exposed to the audiovisual input with L1 subtitles did not perform better than the captions group in the tests focusing on the meaning of the target items. Additionally, findings also suggested that learners' vocabulary size and an item's frequency of occurrence in the video clip correlated positively with word learning.
Schoolyard Enhanced Learning Using The Outdoors As An Instructional Tool K 8

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Blogging as an Instructional Tool in the ESL Classroom.

Theories on emerging technologies have stated that using blogs in the classroom can engage students in discussion, support peer learning, and improve students' literacy skills. Research has pointed to many ways that blogging is beneficial to student learning when used as an instructional tool. The researchers conducted a project that investigated the use of blogs in ESL instruction. Graduate education students who were taking coursework in order to earn a master's degree in TESL and/or teacher certification in ESL learned how to create and use blogs for educational purposes. While completing their ESL field experience requirement in U.S. K 12 school settings, these students noted how they observed blogs being used, and they interviewed ESL teachers about their experience in using blogs in the classroom. After their observations and interviews, these students completed a questionnaire in which they reported, summarized, and reflected on the use of blogs in an ESL curriculum and instructional implications. The article shares the results of this qualitative research study.
Using Categorization of Problems as an Instructional Tool to Help Introductory Students Learn Physics

The ability to categorize problems based upon underlying principles, rather than contexts, is considered a hallmark of expertise in physics problem solving. With inspiration from a classic study by Chi, Feltovich, and Glaser, we compared the categorization of 25 introductory mechanics problems based upon similarity of solution by students in large calculus based introductory courses with physics faculty and PhD students. Here, we summarize the study and suggest that a categorization task, especially when conducted with students working with peers in small groups, can be an effective pedagogical tool to help students in introductory physics courses learn to discern the underlying similarity between problems with diverse contexts but the same underlying physics principles.
Two End to end Shallow Discourse Parsers for English and Chinese in CoNLL 2016 Shared Task
Venue: CoNLL

This paper describes our two discourse parsers (i.e. English discourse parser and Chinese discourse parser) for submission to CoNLL 2016 shared task on Shallow Discourse Parsing. For English discourse parser, we build two separate argument extractors for single sentence (SS) case, and adopt a convolutional neural network for Non Explicit sense classification based on (Wang and Lan, 2015b)'s work. As for Chinese discourse parser, we build a pipeline system following the annotation procedure of Chinese Discourse Treebank in (Zhou and Xue, 2015) Our English discourse parser achieves better performance than the best system of CoNLL2015 and the Chinese discourse parser achieves encouraging results. Our two parsers both rank second on the blind datasets.
Maternal Dietary Patterns and Fetal Growth: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in China
Venue: Nutrients

There was limited evidence revealing the association of Chinese maternal dietary patterns with fetal growth. We aimed to examine the relationship of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy to neonatal birth weight and birth weight for gestational age in a Chinese population. A total of 6954 mother child pairs were included from the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed using a self administered food frequency questionnaire. Cluster analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The following six dietary patterns were identified: "Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups" (n 1026, 14.8% "Dairy" (n 1020, 14.7% "Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts" (n 799, 11.5% "Meats" (n 1066, 15.3% "Vegetables" (n 1383, 19.9% and "Varied" (n 1224, 17.6% The mean neonatal birth weight Z scores of women in the above patterns were 0.02, 0.07, 0.20, 0.01, 0.06, and 0.14, respectively. Women in the "Fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts" and "Varied" groups had significantly heavier infants compared with those in the "Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups" group. Compared with women in the "Cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups" group, those in the "Varied" group had marginally significantly lower odds of having a small for gestational age (SGA) infant after adjustment for other confounders (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.57, 1.04, p 0.08) These findings suggest that compared to a traditional Cantonese diet high in cereals, eggs, and Cantonese soups, a diet high in fruits, nuts, and Cantonese desserts might be associated with a higher birth weight, while a varied diet might be associated with a greater birth weight and also a decreased risk of having a SGA baby.
Information cost of quantum communication protocols
Venue: Quantum Inf. Comput.

In two party quantum communication complexity, Alice and Bob receive some classical inputs and wish to compute some function that depends on both these inputs, while minimizing the communication. This model has found numerous applications in many areas of computer science. One notion that has received a lot of attention recently is the information cost of the protocol, namely how much information the players reveal about their inputs when they run the protocol. In the quantum world, it is not straightforward to define a notion of quantum information cost. We study two different notions and analyze their relation. We also provide new quantum protocols for the Inner Product function and for Private Information Retrieval, and show that protocols for Private Information Retrieval whose classical or quantum information cost for the user is zero can have exponentially different information cost for the server.
Additive manufacturing and sustainability: an exploratory study of the advantages and challenges

The emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies, coupled with consumer demands for more customised products and services, are causing shifts in the scale and distribution of manufacturing. In this paper, consideration is given to the role of one such advanced manufacturing process technology: additive manufacturing. The consequences of adopting this novel production technology on industrial sustainability are not well understood and this exploratory study draws on publically available data to provide insights into the impacts of additive manufacturing on sustainability. Benefits are found to exist across the product and material life cycles through product and process redesign, improvements to material input processing, make to order component and product manufacturing, and closing the loop. As an immature technology, there are substantial challenges to these benefits being realised at each stage of the life cycle. This paper summarises these advantages and challenges, and discusses the implications of additive manufacturing on sustainability in terms of the sources of innovation, business models, and the configuration of value chains.
Allografts supercharged with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells possess equivalent osteogenic capacity to that of autograft: a study with long term follow ups of human biopsies
Venue: International Orthopaedics

PurposeBone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) have been proposed to enhance bone formation in allografts. However, it is not known whether a combination of MSCs, contained in bone marrow concentrate (BMC) and structural allograft could be better than an allograft without MSCs and equivalent to a femoral head autograft in terms of histologic bone formation and long term cellularity in the graft. After ten years of follow up, three types of grafts: those initially loaded with BM MSCs; dead, irradiated allografts; autografts.Materials and methodsTwenty patients received acetabular grafting during hip surgery and subsequently underwent femoral hip revision eight to 13 years later (average 10 years) Revision surgery was for reasons other than graft failure. These 20 patients had received eight allografts initially loaded with BM MSCs: six dead irradiated allografts and six autografts. The number of MSCs present in the three types of graft were evaluated at the time of initial surgery and at revision. New bone formation associated in the acetabular graft was assessed by histology and calculated as a percentage of total available bony area.ResultsAt the most recent follow ups (average 10 years) concentration of MSCs in allografts previously loaded with BM MSCs was higher than that found in autografts. There were low or no MSCs found in uncharged allografts. New bone formation analysis showed that allografts loaded with BM MSCs produced more new bone (35 range 20 50 compared with either uncharged allografts (9 range 2 15 or autografts (24 range 12 32 .ConclusionsOur observations with allografts charged with BM MSCs provides evidence in support of a long term benefit of supercharging bone allografts with autologous BM MSCs
Modeling the impacts of mandatory and discretionary lane changing maneuvers

In this paper, a novel mesoscopic multilane model is proposed to enable simultaneous simulation of mandatory and discretionary lane changing behaviors to realistically capture multilane traffic dynamics. The model considers lane specific fundamental diagrams to simulate dynamic heterogeneous lane flow distributions on expressways. Moreover, different priority levels are identified according to different lane changing motivations and the corresponding levels of urgency. Then, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the dynamic mandatory and discretionary lane changing demands. Finally, the lane flow propagation is defined by the reaction law of the demand supply functions, which can be regarded as an extension of the Incremental Transfer and/or Priority Incremental Transfer principles. The proposed mesoscopic multilane cell transmission model is calibrated and validated on a complex weaving section of the State Route 241 freeway in Orange County, California, showing both the positive and negative impact of lane changing maneuvers, e.g. balancing effect and capacity drop, respectively. Moreover, the empirical study verifies that the model requires no additional data other than the cell transmission model does. Thus, the proposed model can be deployed as a simple simulation tool for accessing dynamic mesoscopic multilane traffic state from data available to most management centers, and also the potential application in predicting the impact of traffic incident or lane control strategy.
A Lane Changing Cell Transmission Model for Modeling Capacity Drop at Lane Drop Bottlenecks

Over the years the capacity drop phenomenon at freeway bottlenecks has remained a topic of interest and intrigue. Capacity drop has an undeniable impact on freeway performances, directly affecting the throughput. Various studies have tried to measure, predict, and model capacity drop. In this paper, the authors integrate a simplistic lane changing model and an acceleration model together into the Cell Transmission Model framework. The capacity drop is modeled as a combined effect of a lane changing area upstream of the bottleneck location and an acceleration region downstream. Each lane changing vehicle is considered to contribute towards density on two lanes during the lane changing maneuver as it effects the following vehicles on both the original and target lanes. This effect is modeled through the introduction of a 'perceived density' variable. This perceived density is obtained by scaling the actual density up by the lane changing intensity, and is used to determine the demand at the bottleneck. A demand function linearly decreasing in density under over saturated conditions is used to model the acceleration process of vehicles as they discharge from the bottleneck. It is shown that the capacity drop can then be predicted from calibrated demand supply functions and lane changing intensity.