nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Logistics Solutions to Support Cross Border E Commerce Towards China: The Case of the Apparel Industry

In the past few years China has experienced a significant growth of both its economy and the adoption of technologies. With 310 billion dollars turnover it has become one of the biggest B2C ecommerce markets in the world (WorldPay 2015) As Chinese consumers are generally leaned towards buying international brands, entering this market while exploiting the rising trend of online and mobile commerce adoption might be an interesting opportunity for western fashion companies. However, the ultimate success of an e commerce initiative is strictly dependent on the effectiveness of the distribution process. Geographical and cultural distance, expected service level, tariff and non tariff barriers are some of the elements making this activity more complex in a global environment. The aim of this paper is to provide a quantitative model to compare different logistic solutions underlying a B2C e commerce initiative in China. The analysis takes the perspective of a European firm operating in the apparel industry.  The paper has an empirical approach. It presents an Activity based model to quantify the logistics costs of three logistics solutions that can be adopted to sell online in an international context. The alternatives have been identified through interviews and context data have been derived from case studies. The model has been eventually validated by industry experts and practitioners. The considered logistics options are (i) distribution from a warehouse located in China, (ii) distribution through a sorting hub located in China, and (iii) distribution from a warehouse in the Country of origin through express couriers. By elaborating some specific data (e.g. weight and volume of the garment) as inputs, the model returns the distributive solution associated to the lowest logistics costs. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is provided to take into account variations in both the annual demand of the item and its value.  This study simultaneously addresses three major subjects which are relevant for a fashion company, i.e. the design of a logistics strategy, the use of e commerce and the implementation of an internationalisation project. A preliminary literature review has revealed that these themes have largely been debated as stand alone topics while the "intersection" of these fields has not been adequately investigated yet.  The present study contributes to create knowledge in the field of technology driven internationalisation strategies. At the same time, it paves the way to additional meaningful research that can be originated by addressing some of its limitations. For instance, one of the hints for future research on this topic is to evaluate the impact of product returns which can be complex to manage at an international level.  The main beneficiaries of this study are producers and/or retailers operating in the apparel industry. They can learn some of the logistics alternatives to serve the promising Chinese B2C e commerce market and identify the most efficient strategy for them.
Mapping of Chlorophyll and SPAD Distribution in Pepper Leaves During Leaf Senescence Using Visible and Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Hyperspectral imaging covering the visible and near infrared region (420 1000 nm) was used to determine the spatial distribution of chlorophyll and SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) in pepper leaves during leaf senescence. Hyperspectral images of pepper leaves from three positions (upper, middle, and lower) of the plant were acquired, and their corresponding chlorophyll a, b, (a+b) and SPAD values were measured using chemical analysis and a SPAD meter, respectively. Spectral reflectance values of the samples were then extracted from the hyperspectral images based on a leaf mask using image segmentation. Chlorophyll a, b, (a+b) and SPAD in leaves from the upper, middle, and lower positions were analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Microstructure images of pepper leaves from the upper and lower positions are shown to illustrate the chlorophyll changes in mesophyll cells. Effective wavelengths (EWs) carrying masses of valuable information were then selected by the regression coefficients (RCs) of partial least square regression (PLSR) models. As a result, five wavelengths (503, 551, 690, 717, and 770 nm) were selected as EWs for chlorophyll a, b, and (a+b) prediction, and ten wavelengths (517, 536, 545, 555, 584, 603, 610, 648, 699, and 728 nm) were selected for SPAD prediction. After that, PLSR predictive models were established using full spectra and the selected EWs. PLSR models established by EWs with coefficients of correlation for prediction (R p of 0.779, 0.743, 0.770, and 0.907 were considered optimal models for predicting chlorophyll a, b, (a+b) and SPAD, respectively. Finally, these optimal models were used to estimate the chlorophyll a, b, (a+b) and SPAD of each pixel within pepper leaf images for generating spatial distribution maps. The results indicated that hyperspectral imaging combined with chemometric analysis could determine chlorophyll and SPAD values in pepper leaves during leaf senescence, which provides a reference for monitoring plant growth.
Leaf Chlorophyll Content Estimation of Winter Wheat Based on Visible and Near Infrared Sensors
Venue: Sensors

The leaf chlorophyll content is one of the most important factors for the growth of winter wheat. Visual and near infrared sensors are a quick and non destructive testing technology for the estimation of crop leaf chlorophyll content. In this paper, a new approach is developed for leaf chlorophyll content estimation of winter wheat based on visible and near infrared sensors. First, the sliding window smoothing (SWS) was integrated with the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) or the standard normal variable transformation (SNV) to preprocess the reflectance spectra images of wheat leaves. Then, a model for the relationship between the leaf relative chlorophyll content and the reflectance spectra was developed using the partial least squares (PLS) and the back propagation neural network. A total of 300 samples from areas surrounding Yangling, China, were used for the experimental studies. The samples of visible and near infrared spectroscopy at the wavelength of 450,900 nm were preprocessed using SWS, MSC and SNV. The experimental results indicate that the preprocessing using SWS and SNV and then modeling using PLS can achieve the most accurate estimation, with the correlation coefficient at 0.8492 and the root mean square error at 1.7216. Thus, the proposed approach can be widely used for winter wheat chlorophyll content analysis.
The effectiveness of organic PCM based on lauric acid from coconut oil and inorganic PCM based on salt hydrate CaCl2.6H2o as latent heat energy storage system in Indonesia

A latent heat energy storage system utilizing phase change materials (PCM) is an alternative strategy to reduce the use of Air Conditioning (AC) system in big cities in Indonesia in order for energy conservation in the future. In this research we used two kinds of materials, namely organic PCM based on lauric acid from coconut oil (CO) and inorganic PCM based on salt hydrate CaCl2.6H2O, because they have thermophysical parameters suitable for human's thermal comfort application in the building. The CO which contained more than 50% lauric acid has the melting temperature (Tm of about 26 degC and heat entalphy (DH) around 103 kJ/kg, while CaCl2.6H2O has the melting point of 29 degC and heat entalphy of 190 kJ/kg. In this paper we report the effectiveness of those two kinds of PCM in reducing the air temperature as one of some criteria for human's thermal comfort. The experiments were performed in a close and adiabatic room and the time temperature measurements were done automatically using Arduino microcontroller and LM35 temperature sensor connected to the PC.
Species Level Para and Polyphyly in DNA Barcode Gene Trees: Strong Operational Bias in European Lepidoptera
Venue: Systematic biology

The proliferation of DNA data is revolutionizing all fields of systematic research. DNA barcode sequences, now available for millions of specimens and several hundred thousand species, are increasingly used in algorithmic species delimitations. This is complicated by occasional incongruences between species and gene genealogies, as indicated by situations where conspecific individuals do not form a monophyletic cluster in a gene tree. In two previous reviews, non monophyly has been reported as being common in mitochondrial DNA gene trees. We developed a novel web service "Monophylizer" to detect non monophyly in phylogenetic trees and used it to ascertain the incidence of species non monophyly in COI (a.k.a. cox1) barcode sequence data from 4977 species and 41,583 specimens of European Lepidoptera, the largest data set of DNA barcodes analyzed from this regard. Particular attention was paid to accurate species identification to ensure data integrity. We investigated the effects of tree building method, sampling effort, and other methodological issues, all of which can influence estimates of non monophyly. We found a 12% incidence of non monophyly, a value significantly lower than that observed in previous studies. Neighbor joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods yielded almost equal numbers of non monophyletic species, but 24.1% of these cases of non monophyly were only found by one of these methods. Non monophyletic species tend to show either low genetic distances to their nearest neighbors or exceptionally high levels of intraspecific variability. Cases of polyphyly in COI trees arising as a result of deep intraspecific divergence are negligible, as the detected cases reflected misidentifications or methodological errors. Taking into consideration variation in sampling effort, we estimate that the true incidence of non monophyly is ~23% but with operational factors still being included. Within the operational factors, we separately assessed the frequency of taxonomic limitations (presence of overlooked cryptic and oversplit species) and identification uncertainties. We observed that operational factors are potentially present in more than half (58.6% of the detected cases of non monophyly. Furthermore, we observed that in about 20% of non monophyletic species and entangled species, the lineages involved are either allopatric or parapatric conditions where species delimitation is inherently subjective and particularly dependent on the species concept that has been adopted. These observations suggest that species level non monophyly in COI gene trees is less common than previously supposed, with many cases reflecting misidentifications, the subjectivity of species delimitation or other operational factors.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of two gelechioids, Mesophleps albilinella and Dichomeris ustalella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with a description of gene rearrangement in Lepidoptera
Venue: Current Genetics

We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of two gelechioids, Mesophleps albilinella and Dichomeris ustalella, and compared their genome organization and sequence composition to those of available gelechioid mitogenomes for an enhanced understanding of Gelechioidea genomic characteristics. We compared all available lepidopteran mitogenome arrangements, including that of M. albilinella, which is unique in Gelechioidea, to comprehend the extensiveness and mechanisms of gene rearrangement in Lepidoptera. The genomes of M. albilinella and D. ustalella are 15,274 and 15,410 bp in size, respectively, with the typical sets of mitochondrial (mt) genes. The COI gene begins with CGA (arginine) in all sequenced gelechioids, including M. albilinella and D. ustalella, reinforcing the feature as a synapomorphic trait, at least in the Gelechioidea. Each 353 and 321 bp long A T rich region of M. albilinella and D. ustalella contains one (D. ustalella) or two (M. albilinella) tRNA like structures. The M. albilinella mitogenome has a unique gene arrangement among the Gelechioidea: ARNESF (the underline signifies an inverted gene) at the ND3 and ND5 junction, as opposed to the ARNSEF that is found in ancestral insects. An extensive search of available lepidopteran mitogenomes, including that of M. albilinella, turned up six rearrangements that differ from those of ancestral insects. Most of the rearrangements can be explained by the tandem duplication random loss model, but inversion, which requires recombination, is also found in two cases, including M. albilinella. Excluding the MIQ rearrangement at the A T rich region and ND2 junction, which is found in nearly all Ditrysia, most of the remaining rearrangements found in Lepidoptera appear to be independently derived in that they are automorphic at several taxonomic scales, although current mitogenomic data are limited, particularly for congeneric data.
Lesions in the wingless gene of the Apollo butterfly (Parnassius apollo, Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) individuals with deformed or reduced wings, coming from the isolated population in Pieniny (Poland)
Venue: Gene

Parnassius apollo (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is a butterfly species which was common in Europe in 19th century, but now it is considered as near threatened. Various programs devoted to protect and save P. apollo have been established, between others the one in Pieniny National Park (Poland) An isolated population of this butterfly has been restored there from a small group of 20 30 individuals in early 1990s. However, deformations or reductions of wings occur in this population in a relatively large number of insects, and the cause of this phenomenon is not known. In this report, the occurrence of lesions in the wingless (wg) gene is demonstrated in most of tested butterflies with deformed or reduced wings, but not in normal insects. Although the analyses indicated that wg lesion(s) cannot be the sole cause of the deformed or reduced wings in the population of P. apollo from Pieniny, the discovery that this genetic defect occurs in most of malformed individuals, can be considered as an important step in understanding this phenomenon.
Introducing a Novel Smart Design Framework for a Reconfigurable Multi Processor Systems on Chip (MPSoC) Architecture
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing (SMARTCOMP)

In this work, a smart designing framework for a Systems on Chip has been proposed. We examined a reconfigurable MPSoC architecture which incorporates one Processor FPGA core to ensure flexibility and better design parameters. The objective of this work is to propose and develop a smart framework which initiates this philosophy: the system would build a better system by itself. The system would learn about usage statistics by using an android application. Then the system would form a decision function and classify the user with the help of support vector machine based machine learning algorithm. According to user's preference, it would re design the reconfigurable MPSoC to ensure customized and superior user experience. The machine learning algorithm runs on cloud for saving computing power and resources. An image processing task has been performed as a case study on a FPGA SoC platform and on GPU as a proof of concept to ensure current standards. As of our knowledge, this is a novel and competent approach of designing system for hand held devices which enables customization of the device after the manufacturer's end.
First principles study on electrochemical and chemical stability of solid electrolyte electrode interfaces in all solid state Li ion batteries

All solid state Li ion batteries based on ceramic solid electrolyte materials are a promising next generation energy storage technology with high energy density and enhanced cycle life. The poor interfacial conductance is one of the key limitations in enabling all solid state Li ion batteries. However, the origin of this poor conductance has not been understood, and there is limited knowledge about the solid electrolyte electrode interfaces in all solid state Li ion batteries. In this study, we performed first principles calculations to evaluate the thermodynamics of the interfaces between solid electrolyte and electrode materials and to identify the chemical and electrochemical stabilities of these interfaces. Our computation results reveal that many solid electrolyte electrode interfaces have limited chemical and electrochemical stability, and that the formation of interphase layers is thermodynamically favorable at these interfaces. These formed interphase layers with different properties significantly affect the electrochemical performance of all solid state Li ion batteries. The mechanisms of applying interfacial coating layers to stabilize the interface and to reduce interfacial resistance are illustrated by our computation. This study demonstrates a computational scheme to evaluate the chemical and electrochemical stability of heterogeneous solid interfaces. The enhanced understanding of the interfacial phenomena provides the strategies of interface engineering to improve performances of all solid state Li ion batteries.
FUNCTIONAL FOODS: TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL MARKET

In the functional foods market, the products targeting health and mental well being have prompted the food industry to increase research and development of these new foods. Despite the uncertainties of existing regulations, outlining the context of a rapidly expanding market in main countries. This paper provides an overview of the current situation of the global market of functional foods. The objective of this analysis is to determine whether, and in what way, the field of functional foods can actually be an opportunity both for food companies, in terms of economic benefit, and for consumers, as an opportunity healthy products.
The Emergence of China and India in the Global Market

Over the past 20 years, China and India have emerged as the fastest growing economies in the world. In this context, the authors review, examine, and list the factors that have contributed to the emergence of China and India (referred to as Chindia) The authors compare the antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of their emergence in the global market. This article provides insights for the researchers and multinational enterprises from rest of the world to carry out studies on country analysis as well as foreign market entry modes. Besides, we posit theoretical and testable propositions for future research.
International Business Competing in the global market place*

The current article critically examines and facilitates with the review of the book titled International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace authored by Charles W. L Hill, who is a British born academician. As of 2016, he is Professor in Business Administration and Professor of Management and Organization at the University of Washington's Foster School of Business in Seattle, where he has been teaching since 1988. He has authored many books which include Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach, co authored with G. R. Jones and Global Business and International Business: Competing in the Global Market Place. Professor Hill has published more than 40 articles in peer reviewed academic journals. Professor Hill serves on the editorial boards of several academic journals and previously served as consulting editor at the Academy of Management Review, Academy of Management Journal, Strategic Management Journal, and Organization Science.
Cooking identity and food tourism: the case of Japanese udon noodles

Local food heritage plays a crucial role in developing the image and identity of a region. This study investigates the extent and the ways in which local food and identity of a region can be used as tools for tourism development. By using a qualitative research approach of personal interviews with 12 Japanese tourists, the study argues that an authentic locality which has provided traditional handmade udon noodles for the last 400 years for the local people can be developed as a food tourism destination. Since the main attraction of regional tourism in the Mizusawa region in Gunma prefecture of Japan is udon noodles, the study concluded that both tangible and intangible elements of udon noodle heritage contribute to the cultural values, identity construction, characteristics of the place and authentic tourist experiences. The study recommends examining cross cultural differences in the interrelationships between food heritage, regional tourism and identity in a similar but broader Asian context for future studies.
Food, identity and belonging: a case study of South African Australians

Culturally familiar food is of great importance to migrants. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of food in the lives of South African migrants to Australia. How food impacts on notions of identity and belonging for immigrants is framed and discussed within the context of nostalgia, sharing and Bourdieu's "habitus"  Through mixed qualitative methods, including participatory research, document analysis and in depth interviews, this study examines the everyday experiences of South African Australians. The study employs an interpretivist approach that aims for greater understanding of the subject through the perspectives of the research participants.  Culinary rituals and traditions feature large in personal narratives of adjustment that reveal the important role of food in contributing to identity translation in a destination society and, ultimately, the attainment of belonging for migrants.  The study provides a "snapshot" of a topic that would benefit from further exploration.  The importance for migrants to have access to cultural traditions surrounding food is acknowledged in the contemporary world where increasingly mobile populations need to maintain a sense of identity and feel a sense of belonging while integrating into host societies. Social implications Traditional cuisines are an integral part of the mechanisms by which migrants can better integrate leading to overall greater social cohesion.  The study contributes a new dimension to the body of literature pertaining to food access and security for culturally diverse groups in multicultural societies.
The Clusters AgeS Experiment (CASE) Variable stars in the field of the globular cluster NGC 362

The field of the globular cluster NGC 3201 was monitored between 1998 and 2009 in a search for variable stars. $BV$ light curves were obtained for 152 periodic or likely periodic variables, 57 of which are new detections. Thirty seven newly detected variables are proper motion members of the cluster. Among them we found seven detached or semi detached eclipsing binaries, four contact binaries, and eight SX Phe pulsators. Four of the eclipsing binaries are located in the turnoff region, one on the lower main sequence and the remaining two slightly above the subgiant branch. Two contact systems are blue stragglers, and another two reside in the turnoff region. In the blue straggler region a total of 266 objects were found, of which 140 are proper motion (PM) members of NGC 3201, and another 19 are field stars. Seventy eight of the remaining objects for which we do not have PM data are located within the half light radius from the center of the cluster, and most of them are likely genuine blue stragglers. Four variable objects in our field of view were found to coincide with X ray sources: three chromosperically active stars and a quasar at a redshift $z\approx0.5$
SUSY meets her twin

A bstractWe investigate the general structure of mirror symmetry breaking in the Twin Higgs scenario. We show, using the IR effective theory, that a significant gain in fine tuning can be achieved if the symmetry is broken hardly. We emphasize that weakly coupled UV completions can naturally accommodate this scenario. We analyze SUSY UV completions and present a simple Twin SUSY model with a tuning of around 10% and colored superpartners as heavy as 2 TeV. The collider signatures of general Twin SUSY models are discussed with a focus on the extended Higgs sectors.