nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources
Venue: Frontiers of Environmental Science Engineering

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is an effective technique to remove NOx from stationary sources, such as coal fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V2O5 based catalysts, environmental benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO2 and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.
Future changes in climatic water balance determine potential for transformational shifts in Australian fire regimes

Most studies of climate change effects on fire regimes assume a gradual reorganization of pyrogeographic patterns and have not considered the potential for transformational changes in the climate vegetation fire relationships underlying continental scale fire regimes. Here, we model current fire activity levels in Australia as a function of mean annual actual evapotranspiration (E) and potential evapotranspiration (E 0) as proxies for fuel productivity and fuel drying potential. We distinguish two domains in $E,{E}_{0} space according to the dominant constraint on fire activity being either fuel productivity (PL type fire) or fuel dryness (DL type fire) and show that the affinity to these domains is related to fuel type. We propose to assess the potential for transformational shifts in fire type from the difference in the affinity to either domain under a baseline climate and projected future climate. Under the projected climate changes potential for a transformational shift from DL to PL type fire was predicted for mesic savanna woodland in the north and for eucalypt forests in coastal areas of the south west and along the Continental Divide in the south east of the continent. Potential for a shift from PL to DL type fire was predicted for a narrow zone of eucalypt savanna woodland in the north east.
Impact of Climate Indicators on Continental Scale Potential Groundwater Recharge in Africa.
Venue: Hydrological processes

In the last decades, human activity has been contributing to climate change that is closely associated with an increase in temperatures, increase in evaporation, intensification of extreme dry and wet rainfall events, and widespread melting of snow and ice. Understanding the intricate linkage between climate warming and the hydrological cycle is crucial for sustainable management of groundwater resources, especially in a vulnerable continent like Africa. This study investigates the relationship between climate change drivers and potential groundwater recharge (PGR) patterns across Africa for a long term record (1960 2010) Water balance components were simulated by using the PCR GLOBWB model and were reproduced in both gridded maps and latitudinal trends that vary in space with minima on the Tropics and maxima around the Equator. Statistical correlations between temperature, storm occurrences, drought, and PGR were examined in six climatic regions of Africa. Surprisingly, different effects of climate change controls on PGR were detected as a function of latitude in the last three decades (1980 2010) Temporal trends observed in the Northern Hemisphere of Africa reveal that the increase in temperature is significantly correlated to the decline of PGR, especially in the Northern Equatorial Africa. The climate indicators considered in this study were unable to explain the alarming negative trend of PGR observed in the Sahelian region, even though the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values report a 15% drought stress. On the other hand, increases in temperature have not been detected in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa, where increasing frequency of storm occurrences determine a rise of PGR, particularly in southern Africa. Time analysis highlights a strong seasonality effect while PGR is in phase with rainfall patterns in the summer (Northern Hemisphere) and winter (Southern Hemisphere) and out of phase during the fall season. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of the processes influencing groundwater resources in six climatic zones of Africa, even though modeling results need to be validated more extensively with direct measurements in future studies.
Reconciling Two Computational Models of Working Memory in Aging
Venue: Top. Cogn. Sci.

It is well known that working memory performance changes with age. Two recent computational models of working memory, TBRS* and SOB CS, developed from young adults WM performances are opposed regarding the postulated causes of forgetting, namely time based decay and interference for TBRS* and SOB CS, respectively. In the present study, these models are applied on a set of complex span data produced by young and older adults. As expected, these models are unable to account for the older adult data. An investigation on the effect of the main parameters of these models showed that the poorer performance of older adults does not come from a weaker encoding of item but rather from difficulties during the free time that immediately follows each distractor, as well as from a higher level of confusion between items. These results are discussed with respect to the current theories of working memory and aging.
Deep Learning in Drug Discovery
Venue: Molecular informatics

Artificial neural networks had their first heyday in molecular informatics and drug discovery approximately two decades ago. Currently, we are witnessing renewed interest in adapting advanced neural network architectures for pharmaceutical research by borrowing from the field of "deep learning" Compared with some of the other life sciences, their application in drug discovery is still limited. Here, we provide an overview of this emerging field of molecular informatics, present the basic concepts of prominent deep learning methods and offer motivation to explore these techniques for their usefulness in computer assisted drug discovery and design. We specifically emphasize deep neural networks, restricted Boltzmann machine networks and convolutional networks.
The diversity of Type II supernova versus the similarity in their progenitors

The authors acknowledge the ASASSN, La Silla Quest, and LOSS surveys for discovering new SNe that made this study possible. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. 1313484. MDS gratefully acknowledges generous support provided by the Danish Agency for Science and Technology and Innovation realized through a Sapere Aude Level 2 grant. MF is supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360. SJS acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007 2013)/ERC Grant agreement No. [291222] and STFC grants ST/I001123/1 and ST/L000709/1. AVF's group at UC Berkeley is grateful for financial assistance from NSF grant AST 1211916, the TABASGO Foundation, Gary and Cynthia Bengier, and the Christopher R. Redlich Fund. This work was supported by the NSF under grants PHY 1125915 and AST 1109174. M.S. acknowledges support from EU/FP7 ERC grant no [615929] This paper is based on observations made with the Swift, LCOGT, Gemini, and Keck Observatories; we thank their respective staffs for excellent assistance. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. Based on observations collected at the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern hemisphere, Chile as part of PESSTO, (the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey for Transient Objects Survey) ESO program ID 188.D 3003.
A feature based method for trajectory dataset segmentation and profiling
Venue: World Wide Web

The pervasiveness of location acquisition and mobile computing techniques has generated massive spatial trajectory data, which has brought great challenges to the management and analysis of such a big data. In this paper, we focus on the sub trajectory dataset profiling problem, and aim to extract the representative sub trajectories from the raw trajectory as a subset, called profile, which can best describe the whole dataset. This problem is very challenging subject to finding the most representative sub trajectories set by trading off the size and quality of the profile. To tackle this problem, we model the features of the trajectory dataset from the aspects of density, speed and the direction flow. Meanwhile we present our two step method to select the representative trajectories based on the feature model. First, a novel trajectory segmentation algorithm is applied on a raw trajectory to identify the representative segments concerning their feature representativeness and automatically estimate the number of segments and the segment borders. Then, a sub trajectory profiling method is performed to yield the most representative sub trajectories in the dataset, based on a local heuristic evolution strategy. We evaluate our method based on extensive experiments by using two real world trajectory datasets generated by over 12,000 taxicabs in Beijing and Shanghai. The results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our methods in different applications.
Modulation Techniques for Li Fi

Modulation techniques for light fidelity(Li Fi) are reviewed in this paper.Li Fi is the fully networked solution for multiple users that combines communication and illumination simultaneously.Light emitting diodes(LEDs) are used in Li Fi as visible light transmitters,therefore,only intensity modulated direct detected modulation techniques can be achieved.Single carrier modulation techniques are straightforward to be used in Li Fi,however,computationally complex equalization processes are required in frequency selective Li Fi channels.On the other hand,multicarrier modulation techniques offer a viable solution for Li Fi in terms of power,spectral and computational efficiency.In particular,orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) based modulation techniques offer a practical solution for Li Fi,especially when direct current(DC) wander,and adaptive bit and power loading techniques are considered.Li Fi modulation techniques need to also satisfy illumination requirements.Flickering avoidance and dimming control are considered in the variant modulation techniques presented.This paper surveys the suitable modulation techniques for Li Fi including those which explore time,frequency and colour domains.
Data aware QoE QoS management
Venue: 2016 IEEE 11th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA)

In this paper, we propose a data aware method to perform Quality of Experience (QoE) and/or Quality of Service (QoS) management. A data aware QoE model is built based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) Three main types of QoE QoS management (optimal QoE management, optimal QoS management and QoE QoS balance management) are discussed based on the proposed scheme. A QoE QoS unified optimization is also presented in normalized scale space. An experiment is given to show how the proposed scheme works. With the proposed scheme, the operations for QoE QoS management is simplified but flexible, and the optimal solution can be obtained analytically with balanced efficiency.
Importancia de la inmunidad innata en el acne

Entre las funciones de la piel esta la de constituir una barrera fisica, quimica y biologica contra los patogenos. Esta funcion barrera esta englobada dentro del sistema inmunologico. El sistema inmune posee una rama innata, de respuesta rapida y estereotipada, y una rama adaptativa, de mayor latencia y de actuacion dirigida. En la piel, los integrantes del sistema inmune innato son las celulas hematopoyeticas, como las celulas pertenecientes al sistema mononuclear fagocitico o las celulas NK, los factores solubles como el complemento, las citoquinas, las metaloproteasas o los peptidos antimicrobianos, y por ultimo, las propias celulas cutaneas1. El sistema innato no es inespecifico, sus celulas poseen receptores que reconocen patrones moleculares de patogenos y productos metabolicos resultantes del estres celular altamente conservados a nivel evolutivo. Estos receptores son los Toll like receptors (TLR)2, presentes en las membranas celulares, y los Nod like receptors (NLR) citosolicos3. Una pieza fundamental de la inmunidad innata, de interes creciente, es el inflamasoma. Se localiza a nivel intracelular de celulas efectoras del sistema inmune innato como los neutrofilos y los macrofagos. El inflamasoma es un complejo proteico intracelular, constituido por proteinas de
Automated oxygen titration and weaning with FreeO2 in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD: a pilot randomized trial
Venue: International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

We developed a device (FreeO2) that automatically adjusts the oxygen flow rates based on patients' needs, in order to limit hyperoxia and hypoxemia and to automatically wean them from oxygen.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using FreeO2 in patients hospitalized in the respiratory ward for an acute exacerbation of COPD.  We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing FreeO2 vs manual oxygen titration in the respiratory ward of a university hospital. We measured the perception of appropriateness of oxygen titration and monitoring in both groups by nurses and attending physicians using a Likert scale. We evaluated the time in the target range of oxygen saturation (SpO2) as defined for each patient by the attending physician, the time with severe desaturation (SpO2 <85% and the time with hyperoxia (SpO2 >5% above the target) We also recorded length of stay, intensive care unit admissions, and readmission rate. Fifty patients were randomized (25 patients in both groups; mean age: 72+ 8 years; mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 1.00+ 0.49 L; and mean initial O2 flow 2.0+ 1.0 L/min) Results Nurses and attending physicians felt that oxygen titration and monitoring were equally appropriate with both O2 administration systems. The percentage of time within the SpO2 target was significantly higher with FreeO2, and the time with severe desaturation and hyperoxia was significantly reduced with FreeO2. Time from study inclusion to hospital discharge was 5.8+ 4.4 days with FreeO2 and 8.4+ 6.0 days with usual oxygen administration (P=0.051)  was deemed as an appropriate oxygen administration system by nurses and physicians of a respiratory unit. This system maintained SpO2 at the target level better than did manual titration and reduced periods of desaturation and hyperoxia. Our results also suggest that FreeO2 has the potential to reduce the hospital length of stay.
Making Sense Of Education An Introduction To The Philosophy And Theory Of Education And Teaching

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Customer Loyalty Program Management

Loyalty programs have proliferated throughout the hospitality industry, often with little evidence that these programs create behavioral or attitudinal loyalty to the firm that offers the program. Conversations with hotel managers revealed that customers have come to expect some type of reward in exchange for their patronage. Managers are often required to modify aspects of their reward programs to remain both profitable and competitive. Theoretical arguments suggest that consumers become used to a particular type of reward and may respond negatively to any changes in the reward structure. In this brief report, we explore the impact that program changes might have on consumer patronage. Drawing from a larger hospitality survey, 522 consumers completed an online survey indicating their degree of brand loyalty toward a particular hotel chain. We then assessed responses to various potential changes in their program. Results indicated that program changes including increasing reward tier requirements or even discontinuing the program are likely to increase consumer defection from the firm. The implications of these findings for reward program management are considered.
Spin mediated Photomechanical Coupling of a Nanoelectromechanical Shuttle.
Venue: Physical review letters

We show that nanomechanical vibrations in a magnetic shuttle device can be strongly affected by external microwave irradiation through photo assisted electronic spin flip transitions. Mechanical consequences of these spin flips are due to a spin dependent magnetic force, which may lead to a nanomechanical instability in the device. We derive a criterion for the instability to occur and analyze different regimes of nanomechanical oscillations. Possible experimental realizations of the spin mediated photomechanical instability and detection of the device backaction are discussed.
CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING: A CONSENSUS CONFERENCE OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY.
Venue: Endocrine practice official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

Barriers to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use continue to hamper adoption of this valuable technology for the management of diabetes.   Conference participants agreed that evidence supports the benefits of CGM in type 1 diabetes and that these benefits are likely to apply whenever intensive insulin therapy is used, regardless of diabetes type. CGM is likely to reduce healthcare resource utilization for acute and chronic complications, although real world analyses are needed to confirm potential cost savings and quality of life improvements. Ongoing technological advances have improved CGM accuracy and usability, but more innovations in human factors, data delivery, reporting, and interpretation are needed to foster expanded use. The development of a standardized data report using similar metrics across all devices would facilitate clinician and patient understanding and utilization of CGM. Expanded CGM coverage by government and private payers is an urgent need.  CGM improves glycemic control, reduces hypoglycemia, and may reduce overall costs of diabetes management. Expanding CGM coverage and utilization is likely to improve the health outcomes of people with diabetes. ABBREVIATIONS A1C glycated hemoglobin AACE American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists ACE American College of Endocrinology ASPIRE Automation to Simulate Pancreatic Insulin Response CGM continuous glucose monitoring HRQOL health related quality of life ICER incremental cost effectiveness ratio JDRF Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation MARD mean absolute relative difference MDI multiple daily injections QALY quality adjusted life years RCT randomized, controlled trial SAP sensor augmented pump SMBG self monitoring of blood glucose STAR Sensor Augmented Pump Therapy for A1C Reduction T1D type 1 diabetes T2D type 2 diabetes.
A Simultaneous Integrated Model with Multiobjective for Continuous Berth Allocation and Quay Crane Scheduling Problem
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Management Science and Application (ICIMSA)

This paper presents the simultaneous integration model of berth allocation and quay crane scheduling. Berths and quay cranes are both critical resources in port container terminals. The mathematical model uses a mixed integer linear programming with multiple objectives generated by considering various practical constraints. Small data instances have been taken to validate the integrated model. A numerical experiment was conducted by using LINGO programming software to evaluate the performance and to obtain the exact solution of the suggested model.
Wearable IMU for Shoulder Injury Prevention in Overhead Sports
Venue: Sensors

Body worn inertial sensors have enabled motion capture outside of the laboratory setting. In this work, an inertial measurement unit was attached to the upper arm to track and discriminate between shoulder motion gestures in order to help prevent shoulder over use injuries in athletics through real time preventative feedback. We present a detection and classification approach that can be used to count the number of times certain motion gestures occur. The application presented involves tracking baseball throws and volleyball serves, which are common overhead movements that can lead to shoulder and elbow overuse injuries. Eleven subjects are recruited to collect training, testing, and randomized validation data, which include throws, serves, and seven other exercises that serve as a large null class of similar movements, which is analogous to a realistic usage scenario and requires a robust estimator.
Principles of Building of Objective Spatial Environment in an Educational Organization

The article is devoted to the subject of human spatial environment and its effects on personality development. The author gives a deep analysis of the research methodology of this issue, that leads to an understanding of the necessity to the concept developing the experts cooperation teachers, psychologists and designers. Thus, in the processes of interaction with the object spatial environment there is a medium whose order is determined by the overlap of a number of structures: architectural and spatial, communication, engineering and communication, social and functional. Therefore, knowledge of the laws of change and an organization's environment, studied the ecology, ethology, sociology, psychology, bionics and other disciplines, supports its practical transformation.
The Informal Sector and Tax Revenue Drive: A Nigerian Case Study

There has been a recent need to boost internally generated revenue in Nigeria due to the fall in the price of oil, upon which Nigeria has been dependent for revenue. The Nigerian government's attention has been drawn to the massive size of the informal sector from which little or no taxes are being collected. To resolve this discrepancy, it plans to introduce a presumptive tax regime aimed at taxing the firms in the informal sector. In this paper, I analyze the effect of different presumptive taxation policies on the size of the informal sector, tax revenue, output and welfare. Results show that an assessment in the form of proportional presumptive tax seems to be more efficient than a uniform lump sum presumptive tax. However, I also show that in certain cases, the optimal policy for a government that cares about inequality would be a proportional presumptive tax with size based "tax holiday" for informal firms who operate with less than a prescribed capital threshold. Veronica Olaitan is a Masters student at the Economics Department of The University of Winnipeg. The author would like to thank Professor Stefan Dodds of the University of Winnipeg's Economics department for his contribution and guidance in the process of preparing this paper. To all other Professors: thank you for allowing me to draw from your wealth of knowledge.