nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Plyometric Training on Vertical Jump Performance in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Venue: Sports Medicine

BackgroundPlyometric training is an effective method to prevent knee injuries in female athletes; however, the effects of plyometric training on jump performance in female athletes is unclear.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta analysis was to determine the effectiveness of plyometric training on vertical jump (VJ) performance of amateur, collegiate and elite female athletes.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched (PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex and ScienceDirect) The included studies were coded for the following criteria: training status, training modality and type of outcome measures. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the physiotherapy evidence database (PEDro) scale. The effects of plyometric training on VJ performance were based on the following standardised pre post testing effect size (ES) thresholds: trivial <0.20) small (0.21 0.60) moderate (0.61 1.20) large (1.21 2.00) very large (2.01 4.00) and extremely large >4.00).ResultsA total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta analysis revealed that plyometric training had a most likely moderate effect on countermovement jump (CMJ) height performance (ES 1.09; 95 confidence interval [CI] 0.57 1.61; I2 75.60 Plyometric training interventions of less than 10 weeks in duration had a most likely small effect on CMJ height performance (ES 0.58; 95 CI 0.25 0.91) In contrast, plyometric training durations greater than 10 weeks had a most likely large effect on CMJ height (ES 1.87; 95 CI 0.73 3.01) The effect of plyometric training on concentric only squat jump (SJ) height was likely small (ES 0.44; 95 CI 0.09 to 0.97) Similar effects were observed on SJ height after 6 weeks of plyometric training in amateur (ES 0.35) and young (ES 0.49) athletes, respectively. The effect of plyometric training on CMJ height with the arm swing was likely large (ES 1.31; 95 CI 0.04 to 2.65) The largest plyometric training effects were observed in drop jump (DJ) height performance (ES 3.59; 95 CI 3.04 to 10.23) Most likely extremely large plyometric training effects on DJ height performance (ES 7.07; 95 CI 4.71 9.43) were observed following 12 weeks of plyometric training. In contrast, a possibly small positive training effect (ES 0.30; 95 CI 0.63 to 1.23) was observed following 6 weeks of plyometric training.ConclusionPlyometric training is an effective form of training to improve VJ performance (e.g. CMJ, SJ and DJ) in female athletes. The benefits of plyometric training on VJ performance are greater for interventions of longer duration =10 weeks)
A Comparative Pulse Accuracy Study of Two Commercially Available Patch Insulin Infusion Pumps
Venue: European endocrinology

Patch pumps are a relatively new method of Insulin delivery. This study explores the accuracy of patch pumps by reporting on comparative pulse accuracy study of two patch pumps.  The accuracy of two patch pumps (Cellnovo, [Cellnovo Ltd. Swansea, UK] and OmniPod(r) [Ypsomed Ltd, Escrick, UK] was evaluated micro gravimetrically. Pulse accuracy was analysed by comparing single and time averaged pulses for each device.  Single pulses outside accuracy thresholds 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% and 30% were: Cellnovo; 79.6% 55.6% 35.0% 19.9% 9.7% and 4.3% OmniPod; 86.2% 71.6% 57.4% 45.5% 35.2% and 25.4% For 10, 20 and 40 pulse windows mean values outside 15% accuracy level were: Cellnovo; 7.3% 1.5% and 0.4% OmniPod; 37.6% 31.8% and 25.9.  This study showed that not all patch pumps are the same. The pumping mechanisms employed in these pumps play a significant role in the accuracy and precision of such devices.
Photonic Approach to Optimize Energy Consumption for On chip Clos Network

To meet energy efficient performance needs, the computation has positioned to parallel computer architectures, such as chip multiprocessors (CMPs) internally interconnected via networks on Chip (NoC) to achieve increasing communication needs. To accomplish scaling execution as center include increment to the hundreds future CMPs, all things considered, will require elite, yet vitality productive interconnects. Silicon Nano photonics is a promising swap for electronic on chip interconnect for its high data transfer capacity and low inactivity, by the by, earlier methods have required high static force for the laser and warm ring tuning. We propose novel Nano photonic NoC (PNoC) design, upgraded for elite and force effectiveness. This paper makes three essential elements: a novel, Nano photonic engineering which isolates the system into subnets for better productivity; an exclusively photonic, inband, appropriated discretion plan; and a channel sharing schematic are using the same waveguides and wavelengths for intervention as information transmission. As a result the interconnection can be reduced latency with increased throughput.
Laplace transform series expansion method for solving the local fractional heat transfer equation defined on cantor sets

Heat and mass transfer via local fractional calculus  is one of important problems for complex phenomena in applied science. The lots of the local fractional partial differential equations were proposed in fractal heat and mass transfer, such as the heat conduction [2 4] heat transfer  Laplace and Poisson  and oscillator [7] equations. In this paper, we now consider the local fractional heat transfer equation defined on Cantor sets
AN INTERNET OF THINGS IOT BASED SECURITY ALERT SYSTEM USING RASPBERRY PI

In this paper, a security alert system which records a video when a motion is detected and uploads it to the external server and notifies the user via text message is reported. This application can be used to view the remote activities and notifications can be received whenever the motion is detected. Internet of Things basically deals with transferring of useable data without involving human interferences. Raspberry Pi camera module is used for detecting and capturing the motion. Raspberry Pi (Model B+ a credit card sized computer is used for processing the captured video
Mechanisms of Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics: Overview and Perspectives.
Venue: MedChemComm

Aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics are used to treat many Gram negative and some Gram positive infections and, importantly, multidrug resistant tuberculosis. Among various bacterial species, resistance to AGs arises through a variety of intrinsic and acquired mechanisms. The bacterial cell wall serves as a natural barrier for small molecules such as AGs and may be further fortified via acquired mutations. Efflux pumps work to expel AGs from bacterial cells, and modifications here too may cause further resistance to AGs. Mutations in the ribosomal target of AGs, while rare, also contribute to resistance. Of growing clinical prominence is resistance caused by ribosome methyltransferases. By far the most widespread mechanism of resistance to AGs is the inactivation of these antibiotics by AG modifying enzymes. We provide here an overview of these mechanisms by which bacteria become resistant to AGs and discuss their prevalence and potential for clinical relevance.
Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: British Medical Journal

To systematically review studies investigating the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli in children and, when appropriate, to meta analyse the relation between previous antibiotics prescribed in primary care and resistance. Design and data analysis Systematic review and meta analysis. Pooled percentage prevalence of resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics in children in primary care, stratified by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development) status of the study country. Random effects meta analysis was used to quantify the association between previous exposure to antibiotics in primary care and resistance. Data sources Observational and experimental studies identified through Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases, searched for articles published up to October 2015.  Studies were eligible if they investigated and reported resistance in community acquired urinary tract infection in children and young people aged 0 17. Electronic searches with MeSH terms and text words identified 3115 papers. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and performed data extraction.  58 observational studies investigated 77 783 E coli isolates in urine. In studies from OECD countries, the pooled prevalence of resistance was 53.4% (95% confidence interval 46.0% to 60.8% for ampicillin, 23.6% (13.9% to 32.3% for trimethoprim, 8.2% (7.9% to 9.6% for co amoxiclav, and 2.1% (0.8 to 4.4% for ciprofloxacin; nitrofurantoin was the lowest at 1.3% (0.8% to 1.7% Resistance in studies in countries outside the OECD was significantly higher: 79.8% (73.0% to 87.7% for ampicillin, 60.3% (40.9% to 79.0% for co amoxiclav, 26.8% (11.1% to 43.0% for ciprofloxacin, and 17.0% (9.8% to 24.2% for nitrofurantoin. There was evidence that bacterial isolates from the urinary tract from individual children who had received previous prescriptions for antibiotics in primary care were more likely to be resistant to antibiotics, and this increased risk could persist for up to six months (odds ratio 13.23, 95% confidence interval 7.84 to 22.31)  Prevalence of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics in primary care in children with urinary tract infections caused by E coli is high, particularly in countries outside the OECD, where one possible explanation is the availability of antibiotics over the counter. This could render some antibiotics ineffective as first line treatments for urinary tract infection. Routine use of antibiotics in primary care contributes to antimicrobial resistance in children, which can persist for up to six months after treatment.
Antibiotic Adjuvants: Rescuing Antibiotics from Resistance.
Venue: Trends in microbiology

Rooted in the mechanism of action of antibiotics and subject to bacterial evolution, antibiotic resistance is difficult and perhaps impossible to overcome. Nevertheless, strategies can be used to minimize the emergence and impact of resistance. Antibiotic adjuvants offer one such approach. These are compounds that have little or no antibiotic activity themselves but act to block resistance or otherwise enhance antibiotic action. Antibiotic adjuvants are therefore delivered in combination with antibiotics and can be divided into two groups: Class I agents that act on the pathogen, and Class II agents that act on the host. Adjuvants offer a means to both suppress the emergence of resistance and rescue the activity of existing drugs, offering an orthogonal strategy complimentary to new antibiotic discovery VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Comparison of biodegradation of low weight hydroentangled raw cotton nonwoven fabric and that of commonly used disposable nonwoven fabrics in aerobic Captina silt loam soil

The increasing use of synthetic disposable nonwoven products generates a large amount of non biodegradable solid waste. In an effort to enhance the use of raw cotton in nonwoven wipes applications, this study compares the biodegradation of low weight nonwoven fabrics (around 50 g/m2) made of mechanically pre cleaned raw cotton, rayon, polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) in a Captina silt loam soil. The biodegradation rates of raw cotton and rayon fabrics were fitted to the first order kinetics model with half life values of 12.6 and 7.6 days, respectively. The slightly faster disintegration of cellulose structure for rayon was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) spectra, and distinct morphological changes in the fiber (cracks and breakage were prevalent in raw cotton, whereas the thinning and merging of fibers occurred in rayon) were observed during their biodegradation. PLA and PP nonwoven fabrics exhibited no weight loss during the burial periods studied, but showed some evidence of oxidation in ATR FTIR spectra. The breaking and burst strengths of PLA fabric decreased by 45% and 23% of the original strengths, respectively, while neither significantly decreased in PP fabric. The results suggest that mixing raw cotton or rayon low weight nonwoven wastes with surface soil provides an alternative disposal method, but this land application could not be recommended for PLA and PP nonwoven wastes.
Zircon U Pb geochronology of the Cenozoic granitic mylonite along the Ailaoshan Red river shear zone: New constraints on the timing of the sinistral shearing
Venue: Journal of Earth Science

The Ailaoshan Red River (ASRR) shear zone in SW China represents an important discontinuity believed to have accommodated eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau in response to the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. The onset timing and duration of the ASRR sinistral strike slip shearing have been hotly disputed. In this paper we present new zircon LA ICP MS U Pb geochronological data from six syntectonic granitic mylonite and leucosomes samples from the ASRR shear zone. Our data reveal a metamorphic age of ~40 Ma, most likely suggesting the maximum age of the shearing initiation. Rocks showing syn kinematic signatures yield crystallization ages of 38 22 Ma, with inherited components ranging from 716 to 108 Ma. These results, together with existing geological and geochronological data, indicate that the sinistral shearing along the ASRR zone probably began at 40 Ma, mainly activated at 29 22 Ma and lasted at least to ~22 Ma. Our data suggest a continuous extrusion between the Indochina and South China blocks during ~35 17 Ma. The ASRR sinistral shearing has accommodated large scale eastward displacement of the southeastern Tibetan syntaxis, and is likely responsible for the opening of the South China Sea.
Infectious canine hepatitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in wildlife rescue centres in the UK
Venue: Veterinary Record

Outbreaks of infectious canine hepatitis are described in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) at two wildlife rescue centres in the UK. Disease occurred in two month old to four month old juvenile foxes, which were held in small enclosures in groups of three to eight animals. The foxes died or were euthanased after a short clinical course, sometimes including neurological signs and jaundice, with a high case fatality rate. Four red foxes submitted for postmortem examination had enlarged, congested livers, with rounded borders and mild accentuation of the lobular pattern. On histological examination, there was random, multifocal to massive hepatic necrosis, along with multifocal vasculitis in the central nervous system (CNS) and mild, multifocal glomerulonephritis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies, typical of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV 1) infection, were present in hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells in the CNS, renal glomeruli and renal tubular epithelial cells. CAV 1 was detected in tissues from affected foxes by PCR and sequencing. Congregation of juvenile foxes in wildlife rescue centres is likely to be a risk factor for transmission of CAV 1. Preventive measures in wildlife centres should be implemented to prevent the spread of the virus among conspecifics and to other susceptible species.
Modeling fear conditioned bradycardia in humans
Venue: Psychophysiology

cued fear conditioning is a common experimental paradigm to investigate aversive Pavlovian learning. While fear conditioned stimuli (CS+ elicit overt behavior in many mammals, this is not the case in humans. Typically, autonomic nervous system activity is used to quantify fear memory in humans, measured by skin conductance responses (SCR) Here, we investigate whether heart period responses (HPR) evoked by the CS, often observed in humans and small mammals, are suitable to complement SCR as an index of fear memory in humans. We analyze four datasets involving delay and trace conditioning, in which heart beats are identified via electrocardiogram or pulse oximetry, to show that fear conditioned heart rate deceleration (bradycardia) is elicited and robustly distinguishes CS+ from CS We then develop a psychophysiological model (PsPM) of fear conditioned HPR. This PsPM is inverted to yield estimates of autonomic input into the heart. We show that the sensitivity to distinguish CS+ and CS (predictive validity) is higher for model based estimates than peak scoring analysis, and compare this with SCR. Our work provides a novel tool to investigate fear memory in humans that allows direct comparison between species.
Neural network based adaptive consensus tracking control for multi agent systems under actuator faults
Venue: Int. J. Syst. Sci.

In this paper, a distributed output feedback consensus tracking control scheme is proposed for second order multi agent systems in the presence of uncertain nonlinear dynamics, external disturbances, input constraints, and partial loss of control effectiveness. The proposed controllers incorporate reduced order filters to account for the unmeasured states, and the neural networks technique is implemented to approximate the uncertain nonlinear dynamics in the synthesis of control algorithms. In order to compensate the partial loss of actuator effectiveness faults, fault tolerant parts are included in controllers. Using the Lyapunov approach and graph theory, it is proved that the controllers guarantee a group of agents that simultaneously track a common time varying state of leader, even when the state of leader is available only to a subset of the members of a group. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus tracking method.
Natural rubber latex allergy.
Venue: Disease a month DM

Natural rubber latex allergy was identified as an increasingly significant health care problem in the late 1980s. Though the incidence of latex allergy has decreased in the United States over the last several years, 150,000 to 1 million healthcare workers and over 15 million people worldwide still suffer from latex allergy. Natural rubber is obtained from the Hevea brasiliensis tree, a tree of the family Euphorbiacieae and also known as the "rubber tree." Through a process called "rubber tapping," latex is collected from the milky sap of this tree and is derived of 33% rubber, cis 1,4polyisoprene, 2% resin, 65% water, and proteins. Crude latex is collected in ammoniated solution to prevent microbial growth. It contains an array of cellular proteins, lipids, and amino acids, which are the allergens that induce sensitization. In manufacturing rubber, many chemicals may be added to latex such as thiurams in the vulcanization process, stabilizers, and antioxidants. Vulcanization is the chemical process by which the physical properties of natural or synthetic rubber are improved by heating rubber with sulfur. Since rubber deteriorates with aging by oxidation, antioxidants are incorporated in the final rubber products to prevent the polymer chain from degrading. Current antioxidants include thiocarbamates, diphenylamines, dihydroquinolines, and phenylenediamine, all of which are potential contact allergens. The prevalence of latex allergy is dependent on the population studied and ranges from 3% to 64% Latex sensitization in the general population varies from 5.4% to 7.6% Repeated contact with or prolonged exposure to latex containing products may result in adverse latex reactions. Patients with spina bifida or urogenital abnormalities are a particular subpopulation at risk with a prevalence 460% due to multiple surgeries early in life, resulting in frequent exposure to latex. Approximately 10 20% of healthcare workers are sensitized to latex. Exposure to rubber gloves is a frequent cause of occupational latex allergy, but contact with other types of latex containing
Differentiating of cross reactions in patients with latex allergy with the use of ISAC test
Venue: Postepy dermatologii i alergologii

Differentiating between cross reactivity and double sensitization is still a challenging issue in allergology.  To differentiate cross reactions accompanying latex allergy with the use of the ISAC test.  Thirty nine patients reporting immediate allergic reactions to latex were enrolled into the study (group A) The control group was comprised of 41 patients with allergic diseases not associated with latex (group B) and 20 healthy individuals (group C) Their history was recorded and skin prick tests were performed with latex, airborne and food allergens. Specific IgE against food allergens, latex (k82) and recombined latex allergens were determined. ImmunoCAP ISAC test was performed with 103 molecules.  Sensitization to latex was found by means of skin tests in 16 cases and sIgE against latex was revealed in 12 cases (including 10 positive in both SPT and sIgE) In the ISAC test antibodies against recombined latex allergens were found in 8 patients with rHev b 6 as the most common. All the patients positive for rHev b 1, 5, 6, 8 had allergy or asymptomatic sensitization to food allergens cross reacting with latex. Some reactions could not have been differentiated due to the lack of allergens in the ISAC test. Others, not related to latex fruits syndrome were explained by cross reactivity with other profilins or PR 10 proteins.  ImmunoCAP ISAC test could be useful in differentiating between cross reactions and double sensitizations. However, in the case of latex its advantages are limited due to a small panel of allergens.
Lane Change Strategies on Freeways: A Microscopic Simulation Study

Understanding the influence of lane changing manoeuvres on the capacity, stability, and breakdown of traffic flows is a crucial issue. In a recent study, four distinct lane change strategies on freeways have been found: (1) Speed Leading; (2) Speed Leading with Overtaking; (3) Lane Leading; (4) Traffic Leading. To the best of our knowledge, combining speed choice and lane preference is not currently considered in most driving behaviour models. The principal aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of the forenamed lane change strategies on freeway traffic operations. The developed strategy based lane change model has been implemented in a microscopic simulation environment. The study revealed that different lane change strategies may have various impact on the lane flow distribution and consequently on the freeway capacity. It has been seen that an unbalanced distribution of flow on a multi lane freeway may lead to reduction of capacity. In addition, it has been found that the lane change rate variates under different lane change strategies. The highest traffic stability has been observed under speed leading and speed leading with overtaking strategies.