nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating constructional semantics and conceptual metaphor

Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) aims to represent the conceptual structure of metaphors rather than the structure of metaphoric language. The theory does not explain which aspects of metaphoric language evoke which conceptual structures, for example. However, other theories within cognitive linguistics may be better suited to this task. These theories, once integrated, should make building a unified model of both the conceptual and linguistic aspects of metaphor possible. First, constructional approaches to syntax provide an explanation of how particular constructional slots are associated with different functions in evoking metaphor. Cognitive Grammar is especially effective in this regard. Second, Frame Semantics helps explain how the words or phrases that fill the relevant constructional slots evoke the source and target domains of metaphor. Though these theories do not yet integrate seamlessly, their combination already offers explanatory benefits, such as allowing generalizations across metaphoric and non metaphoric language, and identifying the words that play a role in evoking metaphors, for example.
CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN POLITICAL COMMUNICATION

Conceptual metaphors are considered as effective linguistic formulas for achieving the persuasive language function. This paper approaches the subject of conceptual metaphor and political argumentation through the prism of synergies of the political topic, affirmative or negative communication of main ideas related to the topic, the use of conceptual metaphor as a persuasive rhetorical strategy and the type of argumentative claim. Research was conducted on the sample of 13.338 words from two political interviews with Ivo Josipovic in a weekly talk show Nedjeljom u dva (Sundays at two) broadcast on Croatian Radio Television Channel 1 (HTV 1) in 2009 and 2012. The research results show that the most frequently used conceptual metaphors in analysed corpora are the linguistic realizations of metaphors from the source domains of personification, reification and journey. These linguistic metaphors are mostly identified in the claims of value. The analysis also indicates that these claims are predominantly affirmative
Visual Motifs in Islamist Terrorism: Applying Conceptual Metaphor Theory

This article examines visual motifs in Islamist terrorism based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory, a theory using three key categories of metaphors (structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors) These metaphors are applied to three case studies to show how visual motifs can be used by Islamists to manipulate their audiences. The case studies are the symbols of (a) the waterfall, (b) the hand, and (c) the color black. Overall, in this analysis, an essential deduction from Islamist visual motifs is that metaphors are a principal conceptual system for Islamists. Metaphors are their main conduit for categorizing what they see in their universe and how they perceive both their in group members and outside groups (e.g. infidels)
Supporting farmers and consumers under food price uncertainty: the role of price support policies

This research work follows the recent trend in most African countries in introducing (or strengthening) price support programs for selected cereals. Under this background, this study examines the impact of a potential implementation of a minimum support price MSP) policy on cereals in Ethiopia. To that end, positive and negative productivity shocks were considered under alternative producer and consumer pricing policies backed up by public storage services. The quantitative analysis show that the effectiveness of price policies and government intervention in the commodity market depends on the nature of the productivity changes. Producer price floors are effective only when there are productivity gains which would ultimately decrease producer prices, suggesting the productivity enhancing role of this policy option. Also, producer price support works against consumers as prices of target commodities could not fall anymore beyond the level dictated by the support program. On the other hand, price ceiling on commodities is effective only when there are productivity losses since consumer prices tend to increase. Consumer price support policies help urban households since they slightly dampen increases in consumer prices and declines in incomes to these households. However, rural households lose more welfare mainly due to further losses in incomes as the control in consumer prices limit the increase in producer prices for cereals. The price policy of keeping producers prices of cereals within a 5% floor does not effectively affect the economy since producer prices tend to increase significantly if productivity is falling by the simulated levels due to exogenous shocks, such as extreme weather conditions.
Predicting positive user responses to social media advertising

Informativeness and advertising creativity were the key drivers of favorable behavioral responses to an SNS ad.Perceived herd behavior had an indirect impact on intention to express empathy.Privacy concerns negatively influenced user intention to express empathy for an SNS ad.Attitude and subjective norm were positively related to user intention to express empathy for the given SNS ad.Intention to express empathy positively influenced purchase intention. As social network services become more pervasive, social media advertising emerges as an attractive vehicle for augmenting advertising effectiveness. To leverage this new means of marketing, one must understand what engages SNS users in a favorable online behavior (i.e. overtly indicating personal interest in, or support for, the exposed message by clicking the Like or Share button in Facebook) thereby resulting in an effective advertising campaign. This research conceptualizes SNS ad effectiveness as a concept encompassing emotional appeal, informativeness and creativity that all have a potential to contribute to a positive online behavior. It empirically investigates the antecedents of positive user behavior for a SNS ad based on the theory of reasoned action, the social influence theory, and a persuasion theory. It proposes and tests a conceptual model of the formation of online user's behavioral responses with regards to SNS advertising. The results of our empirical tests of the model reveal that informativeness and advertising creativity were key drivers of favorable behavioral responses to an SNS ad and that intention to engage in favorable user responses was positively associated with purchase intention. Based on these findings, the paper suggests further research directions and offers implications for harnessing the full potential of the new SNS advertising platform.
Native Amazonian children forego egalitarianism in merit based tasks when they learn to count.
Venue: Developmental science

Cooperation often results in a final material resource that must be shared, but deciding how to distribute that resource is not straightforward. A distribution could count as fair if all members receive an equal reward (egalitarian distributions) or if each member's reward is proportional to their merit (merit based distributions) Here, we propose that the acquisition of numerical concepts influences how we reason about fairness. We explore this possibility in the Tsimane' a farming foraging group who live in the Bolivian rainforest. The Tsimane' learn to count in the same way children from industrialized countries do, but at a delayed and more variable timeline, allowing us to de confound number knowledge from age and years in school. We find that Tsimane' children who can count produce merit based distributions, while children who cannot count produce both merit based and egalitarian distributions. Our findings establish that the ability to count a non universal, language dependent, cultural invention can influence social cognition.
CXCL12 promoter methylation and PD L1 expression as prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer patients
Venue: Oncotarget

The CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a central role in systemic metastasis of prostate carcinoma (PCa) thereby representing a promising target for future therapies. Recent data suggest that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis is functionally linked to the PD 1/PD L1 immune checkpoint. We evaluated the prognostic value of aberrant CXCL12 DNA methylation with respect to PD L1 expression in primary PCa.  CXCL12 methylation showed a consistent significant correlation with Gleason grading groups in both cohorts (p 0.001 for training and p 0.034 for testing cohort) Short BCR free survival was significantly associated with aberrant CXCL12 methylation in both cohorts and served as an independent prognostic factor in the testing cohort (hazard ratio 1.92 [95%CI: 1.12 3.27] p 0.049) Concomitant aberrant CXCL12 methylation and high PD L1 expression was significantly associated with shorter BCR free survival (p 0.005) In comparative analysis, the CXCL12 methylation assay was able to provide approximately equivalent results in biopsy and prostatectomy specimens.  methylation was determined by means of a methylation specific quantitative PCR analysis in a radical prostatectomy patient cohort (n 247, training cohort) Data published by The Cancer Genome Atlas served as a testing cohort (n 498) CXCL12 methylation results were correlated to clinicopathological parameters including biochemical recurrence (BCR) free survival.  CXCL12 methylation is a powerful prognostic biomarker for BCR in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. Further studies need to ascertain if CXCL12 methylation may aid in planning active surveillance strategies.
Cranial bone regeneration according to different particle sizes and densities of demineralized dentin matrix in the rabbit model
Venue: Maxillofacial plastic and reconstructive surgery

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to place bone graft materials in cranial defects in a rabbit model and compare their bone regenerating ability according to the size and density of demineralized dentin matrix (DDM).MethodsWe selected nine healthy male rabbits that were raised under the same conditions and that weighed about 3 kg. Two circular defects 8 mm in diameter were created in each side of the cranium. The defects were grafted with DDM using four different particle sizes and densities: 0.1 mL of 0.25 to 1.0 mm particles (group 1) 0.2 mL of 0.25 to 1.0 mm particles (group 2) 0.1 mL of 1.0 to 2.0 mm particles (group 3) and 0.2 mL of 1.0 to 2.0 mm particles (group 4) After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed, and bone samples were evaluated by means of histologic, histomorphometric, and quantitative RT PCR analysis.ResultsIn group 1, osteoblast activity and bone formation were greater than in the other three groups on histological examination. In groups 2, 3, and 4, dense connective tissue was seen around original bone even after 8 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis of representative sections in group 1 showed a higher rate of new bone formation, but the difference from the other groups was not statistically significant. RT PCR analysis indicated a correlation between bone formation and protein (osteonectin and osteopontin) expression.ConclusionsDDM with a space between particles of 200 mm was effective in bone formation, suggesting that materials with a small particle size could reasonably be used for bone grafting.
Surface characterization and biological properties of regular dentin, demineralized dentin, and deproteinized dentin
Venue: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine

Bone autografts are often used for reconstruction of bone defects; however, due to the limitations of autografts, researchers have been in search of bone substitutes. Dentin is of particular interest for this purpose due to high similarity to bone. This in vitro study sought to assess the surface characteristics and biological properties of dentin samples prepared with different treatments. This study was conducted on regular (RD) demineralized (DemD) and deproteinized (DepD) dentin samples. X ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for surface characterization. Samples were immersed in simulated body fluid, and their bioactivity was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. The methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay, scanning electron microscope analysis and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction were performed, respectively to assess viability/proliferation, adhesion/morphology and osteoblast differentiation of cultured human dental pulp stem cells on dentin powders. Of the three dentin samples, DepD showed the highest and RD showed the lowest rate of formation and deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals. Although, the difference in superficial apatite was not significant among samples, functional groups on the surface, however, were more distinct on DepD. At four weeks, hydroxyapatite deposits were noted as needle shaped accumulations on DemD sample and numerous hexagonal HA deposit masses were seen, covering the surface of DepD. The methyl thiazol tetrazolium, scanning electron microscope, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction analyses during the 10 day cell culture on dentin powders showed the highest cell adhesion and viability and rapid differentiation in DepD. Based on the parameters evaluated in this in vitro study, DepD showed high rate of formation/deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals and adhesion/viability/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells, which may support its osteoinductive/osteoconductive potential for bone regeneration.
Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement Techniques in Microstrip Patch Antennas A Review

Today antenna designers are paying more focus on microstrip patch antennas, because of its numerous advantages in field of communication, such as high reliability, light weight, ease of fabrication etc. But despite of its bountiful advantages, patch antennas also experience some drawbacks viz low gain and narrow bandwidth. These drawbacks can be overcome by taking care of some parameters in the design of antennas. There are numerous designing factors affecting the radiating characteristics of antenna such as patch height, feeding techniques, substrate used in manufacturing of antenna etc. The paper is focused on various bandwidth enhancement techniques. The paper comprises of a brief study in feeding techniques, parasitic patch elements, introduction of slots, dual feed, shorting pin, air gap and recently introduced concept of defective ground structure that enhances the gain and bandwidth of antenna without increasing its height.
Study on bandwidth enhancement techniques of microstrip antenna

In this paper we present a Novel Triangular UWB microstrip antenna which offers an ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) greater than 8 GHz. This optimum antenna design provides satisfactory gain all over the UWB. The study includes partially truncating the ground plane (defected ground) inserting slits in the triangular radiating patch, and using different substrate materials in order to obtain band notched UWB. The simulation experiments have been carried out using the IE3D Zeland software. The final antenna design is fabricated on two substrates; FR4 and Droid 5880 (Teflon) The practical measurements well agree with the simulation results.
Understanding aggression through attachment and social emotional competence in Korean middle school students

In recent years, increase in adolescent crime in the Republic of Korea has put adolescent aggression in the spotlight. This study examines whether the quality of attachment to parents and peers influences aggressive behaviors and whether social emotional competencies serve as significant mediators for middle school students. These relationships were investigated between gender groups. A full mediational model better explained the male sample while a partial mediational model better explained the female sample. Specifically, parent and peer attachment was found to have indirect effects on aggression via behavioral self control among boys, whereas for girls, parent attachment was found to have both direct and indirect effects on aggression via empathy and behavioral self control. The findings of the study underscore the importance of parent and peer attachment during adolescent years. Significant implications for teachers and school psychologists as well as aggression prevention program developers are discussed.
Applying CS and WSN methods for improving efficiency of frozen and chilled aquatic products monitoring system in cold chain logistics

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is applied widely in food cold chain logistics. However, traditional monitoring systems require significant real time sensor data transmission which will result in heavy data traffic and communication systems overloading, and thus reduce the data collection and transmission efficiency. This research aims to develop a temperature Monitoring System for Frozen and Chilled Aquatic Products (MS FCAP) based on WSN integrated with Compressed Sending (CS) to improve the efficiency of MS FCAP. Through understanding the temperature and related information requirements of frozen and chilled aquatic products cold chain logistics, this paper illustrates the design of the CS model which consists of sparse sampling and data reconstruction, and shelf life prediction. The system was implemented and evaluated in cold chain logistics between Hainan and Beijing in China. The evaluation result suggests that MS FCAP has a high accuracy in reconstructing temperature data under variable temperature condition as well as under constant temperature condition. The result shows that MS FCAP is capable of recovering the sampled sensor data accurately and efficiently, reflecting the real time temperature change in the refrigerated truck during cold chain logistics, and providing effective decision support traceability for quality and safety assurance of frozen and chilled aquatic products.
Post traumatic stress disorder and depression co occurrence: Structural relations among disorder constructs and trait and symptom dimensions.
Venue: Psychology and psychotherapy

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in response to trauma co occur at high rates. A better understanding of the nature of this co occurrence is critical to developing an accurate conceptualization of the disorders. This study examined structural relations among the PTSD and MDD constructs and trait and symptom dimensions within the framework of the integrative hierarchical model of anxiety and depression.  Study participants completed clinician rated and self report measures during a pre treatment assessment.  The sample consisted of 200 treatment seeking individuals with a primary DSM IV PTSD diagnosis. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the relationship between the constructs.  The trait negative affect/neuroticism construct had a direct effect on both PTSD and MDD. The trait positive affect/extraversion construct had a unique, negative direct effect on MDD, and PTSD had a unique, direct effect on the physical concerns symptoms construct. An alternative model with the PTSD and MDD constructs combined into an overall general traumatic stress construct produced a decrement in model fit.  These findings provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between co occurring PTSD and MDD as disorders with shared trait negative affect/neuroticism contributing to the overlap between them and unique trait positive affect/extraversion and physical concerns differentiating them. Therefore, PTSD and MDD in response to trauma may be best represented as two distinct, yet strongly related constructs.  In assessing individuals who have been exposed to trauma, practitioners should recognize that co occurring PTSD and MDD appears to be best represented as two distinct, yet strongly related constructs. Negative affect may be the shared vulnerability directly influencing both PTSD and MDD; however, in the presence of both PTSD and MDD, low positive affect appears to be more specifically related to MDD and fear of physical sensations to PTSD, which is information that could be used by practitioners in the determination of treatment approach. Overall, these findings are clinically relevant in that they may inform assessment, treatment planning, and ultimately diagnostic classification.
The cycle of healing dissociation and attachment during treatment of CSA survivors.
Venue: Child abuse neglect

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is an extreme traumatic event associated with numerous long lasting difficulties and symptoms (e.g. Herman, 1992) These include, among other things, the impediment of basic interpersonal structures of attachment (Rumstein McKean Hunsley, 2001) as well as impairment of mental integration manifested in dissociation (Van Den Bosch et al. 2003) Theoretically, attachment insecurities and dissociation are closely linked, since dissociation is generated as a way to resolve the conflicted attachment demands faced by the abused child (e.g. Liotti, 1992) Nevertheless, the directionality of association between attachment insecurities and dissociation during treatment of adult CSA survivors remains largely uninvestigated. Filling this gap, the present prospective study assessed female adult survivors of CSA who were outpatients at four treatment centers in Denmark (n=407) at the start of treatment (T1) 6 months after starting treatment (T2) and 12 months after starting treatment (T3) Results indicated that both attachment insecurities and dissociation reduced over time during treatment. Elevated attachment insecurities were associated with elevated dissociation at each of the measurements. Moreover, there was a reciprocal association between attachment avoidance and dissociation during treatment. Low levels of attachment avoidance predicted a decline in dissociation and vice versa. Findings suggest that treatment creates a cycle of healing in which rehabilitation of attachment fosters reintegration, which in turn deepens the restoration of attachment.
Towards cost efficient workload scheduling for a Tango between geo distributed data center and power grid
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

Nowadays, data centers consume substantial power, which takes up a considerable portion of local power supply (e.g. smart grid) In this paper, we leverage data center workload scheduling for the coordination between data centers and the smart grid, aiming to reduce the electricity cost of data centers and smooth the load variation of the smart grid simultaneously. We first build cost models of workload scheduling at data centers and the power generation and variation at the smart grid. We formulate the objective function as a weighted sum of the cost of the smart grid and the penalty caused by workload scheduling. Using the dual decomposition method, we then derive the optimal offline solution. To facilitate online implementation, we finally propose a Receding Horizon Control (RHC) based algorithm to obtain the suboptimal solution using limited predicted information. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly reduce the cost of the smart grid, by up to 20% while smoothing the load variation simultaneously.
Swimming depth of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) associated and unassociated with fish aggregating devices

1 Behavioral Ecology and Physiology Program Mote Marine Laboratory 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway Sarasota, Florida 34236 2 Unites Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) Ecosystemes Insulaires Oceaniens (EIO) Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement BP 529 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynesie francaise 3 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA 2570 Dole Street Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 2396