nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Null subjects in the Lindisfarne Gospels as evidence for syntactic variation in Old English

This paper assesses the evidence for nuU subjects in Old English, demonstrating that in the Old English gloss to the Lindisfarne Gospels subjects are omitted in a way not found in classical West Saxon texts. The obvious hypothesis that this difference is simply due to the nature of the text as a gloss of a Latin original, and thus teUs us nothing about the syntax of Old English is unlikely to be correct, since null subjects occur frequently only in the third person, not in the first and second persons. In Latin null subjects are permitted and occur in all of these contexts without restriction. The omitted subjects in the Lindisfarne gloss thus seem to represent a genuine (Northumbrian) Old English syntactic possibility; support for this conclusion is drawn from a new quantit tive study of the Gospel of John. The results of the study therefore indicate that a text such as Aldred's gloss to the Lindisfarne Gospels, despite its glossal nature, can contribute to our understanding of the comparative syntax of Old English dialects if appropriate caution is employed.
Dietary Intakes of Elite 14 to 19 Year Old English Academy Rugby Players During a Pre Season Training Period.
Venue: International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Good nutrition is essential for the physical development of adolescent athletes, however data on dietary intakes of adolescent rugby players are lacking. This study quantified and evaluated dietary intake in 87 elite male English academy rugby league (RL) and rugby union (RU) players by age (under 16 (U16) and under 19 (U19) years old) and code (RL and RU) Relationships of intakes with body mass and composition (sum of 8 skinfolds) were also investigated. Using 4 day diet and physical activity diaries, dietary intake was compared with adolescent sports nutrition recommendations and the UK national food guide. Dietary intake did not differ by code, whereas U19s consumed greater energy (3366 658 vs. 2995 774 kcal*day 1) protein (207 49 vs. 150 53 g*day 1) and fluid (4221 1323 vs. 3137 1015 ml*day 1) than U16s. U19s consumed a better quality diet than U16s (greater intakes of fruit and vegetables; 4.4 1.9 vs. 2.8 1.5 servings*day 1; nondairy proteins; 3.9 1.1 vs. 2.9 1.1 servings*day 1) and less fats and sugars (2.0 1. vs. 3.6 2.1 servings*day 1) Protein intake vs. body mass was moderate (r .46, p .001) and other relationships were weak. The findings of this study suggest adolescent rugby players consume adequate dietary intakes in relation to current guidelines for energy, macronutrient and fluid intake. Players should improve the quality of their diet by replacing intakes from the fats and sugars food group with healthier choices, while maintaining current energy, and macronutrient intakes.
Whether Cash Dividend Policy of Chinese Listed Companies Caters to Investors' Preference

From the perspective of catering theory of dividends, this paper studies the relationship between cash dividend policy and investors' preference, and also the relationship between cash dividend policy and enterprise features, making use of 2008 2014 data of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Exchanges. Our research discovers that rising corporate profitability and scale increase willingness to pay cash dividends of listed companies, whereas increasing investment opportunities significantly reduce the cash dividend payment. We create the variables of propensity to pay and dividend premium. The 2008 2014 dividend premium in Shanghai Exchange is negative and is negatively correlated with propensity to pay, showing that cash dividend policy still does not cater to investors' preference after the completion of no tradable shares reform.
THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND CASH FLOW TO THE NON FINANCIAL FIRMS' DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO LISTED IN IDX

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of ownership structure and cash flow to the non financial firms' dividend payout ratio listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) The samples of this study are 63 firms over the period 2009 2013. This study conducted in panel regression analysis using the random effect model approach. The result of regression found that largest shareholder and government ownership give a positive effect to the payment of dividend. While institutional ownership and operating cash flow give a negative impact to the payment of dividend.  dividend, ownership structure, cash flow Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ownership structure dan cash flow terhadap dividend payout ratio pada perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Indonesia Stoack Exchange (IDX) Sampel penelitian ini adalah 63 perusahaan dengan periode penelitian tahun 2009 2013. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan panel regression analysis dengan pendekatan random effect model. Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa largest shareholder dan government ownership memberikan pengaruh positif yang signifikan terhadap pembayaran dividen. Sementara institutional ownership dan operating cash flow memberikan pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap pembayaran dividen. Kata kunci: dividen, struktur kepemilikan, arus kas
Segmentation Approaches for Human Metaspread Chromosome Images Using Level Set Methods
Venue: Trans. Mass Data Anal. Images Signals

The human metaspread images contain the chromosome s f an individual that are imaged during the metaphase stage of c ll division. The chromosomes are the genetic information carriers, any a lteration either in the number of chromosomes or the structure of chromosomes, res ults in a medical condition termed as genetic defects. The genetic defects can be cause of many diseases that are difficult to cure. In order to uncover the gene tic defects the metaspread images are segmented, to count the number of chromoso mes present or to study the structure of the chromosomes. The metaspread images suffer from intensity in homogeneity, because of which it is very difficult to extract the individual chromosomes by using conventional segmentation techniqu es. In this work various segmentation approaches are implemented and studied to segment the chromosomes from the metaspread images. The minimization of region scalable fitting energy for image segmentation proposed by Chumming l i et. al, is effective in segmenting the metaspread images that have intensit y i homogeneity, as this technique uses the local intensity values of the ne arby regions of the objects and find the approximate intensity values along both si de of the contour. The paper compares the level set based segmentation algorithm s based upon their implementation techniques and the segmentation results. The methods have been compared in terms of number of objects segmented, time tak n, complexity, type of segmentation approach. The ADIR dataset of metspread im ges has been taken for the purpose of experimentation.
Exploring what nonprofit branding can learn from contemporary art

As more and more nonprofits seek to refashion themselves as brands, they tend to take inspiration from for profit organizations. Another domain that has had similar purposes to those of nonprofit branding for many years is contemporary art. This is an exploratory paper that looks at a recent trend in art, "message art," and how it might inform nonprofit branding. Message art deals with many social issues that drive major nonprofits today including everything from pro environment causes to anti segregationist issues. This paper has two purposes: (1) to call attention to message art among nonprofit brand managers and (2) to explain how they can use this art. Message art is useful to the extent that it calls attention to new ideological trends and often provides selected pieces of art that can serve as exemplars of brand essence for relevant causes. Results are provided from a small, qualitative study of women's feelings about selected examples of feminist art. Two pieces of art drew the most positive responses. One piece, "Egyptian Rocket Goddess," is felt to be a harbinger of Third Wave Feminism. Another piece, "Blessed Art Thou Among Women," is felt to be an effective source of inspiration and direction for feminist organizations, which focus on mother daughter relationships.
Text to Sign Language Translation System: A Review of Literature
Venue: Int. J. Synth. Emot.

Many machine translation systems for spoken languages are available, but the translation system between the spoken and Sign Language are limited. The translation from Text to Sign Language is different from the translation between spoken languages because the Sign Language is visual spatial language which uses hands, arms, face, and head and body postures for communication in three dimensions. The translation from text to Sign Language is complex as the grammar rules for Sign Language are not standardized. Still a number of approaches have been used for translating the Text to Sign Language in which the input is the text and output is in the form of pre recorded videos or the animated character generated by computer Avatar. This paper reviews the research carried out for automatic translation from Text to the Sign Language.
Understanding and utilizing crop genome diversity via high resolution genotyping.
Venue: Plant biotechnology journal

High resolution genome analysis technologies provide an unprecedented level of insight into structural diversity across crop genomes. Low cost discovery of sequence variation has become accessible for all crops since the development of next generation DNA sequencing technologies, using diverse methods ranging from genome scale resequencing or skim sequencing, reduced representation genotyping by sequencing, transcriptome sequencing or sequence capture approaches. High density, high throughput genotyping arrays generated using the resulting sequence data are today available for the assessment of genomewide single nucleotide polymorphisms in all major crop species. Besides their application in genetic mapping or genomewide association studies for dissection of complex agronomic traits, high density genotyping arrays are highly suitable for genomic selection strategies. They also enable description of crop diversity at an unprecedented chromosome scale resolution. Application of population genetics parameters to genomewide diversity data sets enables dissection of linkage disequilibrium to characterize loci underlying selective sweeps. High throughput genotyping platforms simultaneously open the way for targeted diversity enrichment, allowing rejuvenation of low diversity chromosome regions in strongly selected breeding pools to potentially reverse the influence of linkage drag. Numerous recent examples are presented which demonstrate the power of next generation genomics for high resolution analysis of crop diversity on a subgenomic and chromosomal scale. Such studies give deep insight into the history of crop evolution and selection, while simultaneously identifying novel diversity to improve yield and heterosis.
Religiousness and Subjective Well Being Among Israeli Palestinian College Students: Direct or Mediated Links?

Espousing a positive psychology orientation, this study aimed to explore the links between religiousness and subjective well being, and test whether social support and self control mediate the expected associations between these two variables. Participants were 264 Israeli Palestinian college students, who were asked to provide demographic information and complete measures of religiousness, social support, self control, subjective happiness, positive emotions and negative emotions. We found that religiousness was positively correlated with both subjective happiness and positive emotions, but no significant correlation was found between religiousness and negative emotions. Both social support and self control partially mediated the links between religiousness and both subjective happiness and positive emotions. The findings of the study, as well as its implications and limitations, are discussed.
Energy efficient clustering protocol based on K means (EECPK means) midpoint algorithm for enhanced network lifetime in wireless sensor network
Venue: IET Wirel. Sens. Syst.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of an enormous number of tiny sensor nodes deployed in huge numbers which are able to sense, process and transmit environmental information to the base station (BS) for a variety of applications. Energy efficiency is one of the primary concerns for maintaining WSN in operation. In this study, an energy efficient clustering protocol based on K means algorithm named EECPK means has been proposed for WSN where midpoint algorithm is used to improve initial centroid selection procedure. The proposed approach produces balanced clusters to ultimately balance the load of cluster heads (CHs) and prolong the network lifetime. It considers residual energy as the parameter in addition to Euclidean distance used in basic K means algorithm for appropriate CH selection. Multi hop communication from CH nodes to BS takes place depending on their distances from BS. Simulation result shows that the proposed approach outperforms LEACH B, balanced parallel K means (BPK means) Park's approach and Mk means with respect to network lifetime and energy efficiency. Simulation result also demonstrates that the proposed approach can reduce the energy consumption at most 50% compared to LEACH B, 14% compared to BPK means protocol, 10% compared to Park's approach and 6% compared to Mk means.
An empirical comparison of Clustering using hierarchical methods and K means
Venue: 2016 2nd International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio Informatics (AEEICB)

Data clustering is the process of grouping data elements based on some aspects of relationship between the elements in the group Clustering has many applications such as data firmness, data mining pattern recognition machine learning and there are many different clustering methods. This paper examines the K means method of clustering and how the selection of primary seeding affects the result. Hierarchical algorithms are used as a base line and it is compared to a data set.
Convolutional Rectifier Networks as Generalized Tensor Decompositions
Venue: ICML

Convolutional rectifier networks, i.e. convolutional neural networks with rectified linear activation and max or average pooling, are the cornerstone of modern deep learning. However, despite their wide use and success, our theoretical understanding of the expressive properties that drive these networks is partial at best. On the other hand, we have a much firmer grasp of these issues in the world of arithmetic circuits. Specifically, it is known that convolutional arithmetic circuits possess the property of "complete depth efficiency" meaning that besides a negligible set, all functions that can be implemented by a deep network of polynomial size, require exponential size in order to be implemented (or even approximated) by a shallow network. In this paper we describe a construction based on generalized tensor decompositions, that transforms convolutional arithmetic circuits into convolutional rectifier networks. We then use mathematical tools available from the world of arithmetic circuits to prove new results. First, we show that convolutional rectifier networks are universal with max pooling but not with average pooling. Second, and more importantly, we show that depth efficiency is weaker with convolutional rectifier networks than it is with convolutional arithmetic circuits. This leads us to believe that developing effective methods for training convolutional arithmetic circuits, thereby fulfilling their expressive potential, may give rise to a deep learning architecture that is provably superior to convolutional rectifier networks but has so far been overlooked by practitioners.
Exploring Experiences of Information Overload: The Influence of Computer Mediated Communication in the Workplace

v Chapter 1: Introduction.  1  Review of Literature. Computer Mediated Communication. 16 Email. 18 Instant Messaging. 22 Information Overload. 26 Perceptions Regarding Productivity and Changes in Communicative Behaviours. 29 Theoretical Perspectives. 33 Media Richness Theory. 36 Social Influence Theory. 40 Chapter 3: Methodology. Philosophical Perspectives. 43 Research Strategy. 44 Sample and Participants. 45 Role of the Researcher. 50 Data Collection Procedures, Instruments and Materials. 51 Data Analysis Procedures. 52 Validation Strategies and Ensuring Trustworthiness. 54 Ethical Considerations and Ensuring Confidentiality. 57 Chapter 4: Findings and Preliminary Analysis.  Increased Workload and Responsibilities. 72
The nature of hydrogen bonding interaction in the prototypic hybrid halide perovskite, tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3
Venue: Scientific reports

In spite of the key role of hydrogen bonding in the structural stabilization of the prototypic hybrid halide perovskite, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) little progress has been made in our in depth understanding of the hydrogen bonding interaction between the MA+ ion and the iodide ions in the PbI6 octahedron network. Herein, we show that there exist two distinct types of the hydrogen bonding interaction, naming a and b modes, in the tetragonal MAPbI3 on the basis of symmetry argument and density functional theory calculations. The computed Kohn Sham (K S) energy difference between these two interaction modes is 45.14 meV per MA site with the a interaction mode being responsible for the stable hydrogen bonding network. The computed bandgap (Eg) is also affected by the hydrogen bonding mode, with Eg of the a interaction mode (1.73 eV) being significantly narrower than that of the b interaction mode (2.03 eV) We have further estimated the individual bonding strength for the ten relevant hydrogen bonds having a bond critical point.
Exercise Based Cardiac Rehabilitation for Coronary Heart Disease: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Although recommended in guidelines for the management of coronary heart disease (CHD) concerns have been raised about the applicability of evidence from existing meta analyses of exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to update the Cochrane systematic review and meta analysis of exercise based CR for CHD.  The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index Expanded were searched to July 2014. Retrieved papers, systematic reviews, and trial registries were hand searched. We included randomized controlled trials with at least 6 months of follow up, comparing CR to no exercise controls following myocardial infarction or revascularization, or with a diagnosis of angina pectoris or CHD defined by angiography. Two authors screened titles for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Studies were pooled using random effects meta analysis, and stratified analyses were undertaken to examine potential treatment effect modifiers.  A total of 63 studies with 14,486 participants with median follow up of 12 months were included. Overall, CR led to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality (relative risk: 0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 0.86) and the risk of hospital admissions (relative risk: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.96) There was no significant effect on total mortality, myocardial infarction, or revascularization. The majority of studies (14 of 20) showed higher levels of health related quality of life in 1 or more domains following exercise based CR compared with control subjects.  This study confirms that exercise based CR reduces cardiovascular mortality and provides important data showing reductions in hospital admissions and improvements in quality of life. These benefits appear to be consistent across patients and intervention types and were independent of study quality, setting, and publication date.
Microbial Contamination of Mobile Phones in a Tertiary Health Care Setting

Health care associated infections (HCAI) can be defined as: An infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge, and also occupational infections among staff of the facility (World Health Organization, 2002) The term healthcare associated infections (HCAI) replaced old ones such as nosocomial, hospital acquired or hospitalonset infections, as a better reflection of the diverse healthcare settings currently available to patients (Pittet et al. 1999)
A conceptual framework of transformational and transactional leadership on nurse educators job satisfaction

The conceptual framework is based on the Full Range Leadership by Avolio and Bass (2004) that theorized that transformational leadership can be clustered in five sub constructs whilst the transactional leadership into two sub constructs. Each dimension is measured using four items. The Full Range Leadership Theory being an effective leadership theory uses both transformational and transactional attributes in differing degrees depending on the situation and the ability of the subordinates. Even though transactional leadership is not able to develop trust and full potential of the followers but if coupled with the individualized consideration attribute of the leader, it can provide the platform for transformational leadership to ensue. This then can positively affect subordinates' motivation and performance. Organizations presently are marked by high interdependency and integration; hence the need for leadership that goes beyond that of transactional to transformational leadership styles with attributes such as inspiration, stimulation, motivation and charisma as these attributes are believed to be able to bring about cohesion, commitment, trust and performance. The conceptual framework assumes that transformational and transactional leadership work place engagement is indirect and impacted through the mechanism of perceived subordinates' well being, ultimately leading to job satisfaction. The importance of the nursing administrator in determining the nature of work environment is well documented and is of increasing significance to the retention of nurse educators. Perception of work place engagement could play the role of perceived work environment and thus mediate between the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction of subordinates.
Coupled electromagnetic thermal analysis of a surface mounted permanent magnet motor with overhang structure
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC)

Overhang effects should be taken into account to predict performances and temperature distributions of a motor with an overhang structure. This paper investigates the electromagnetic and thermal characteristics of a surfaced mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motor with overhang. Moreover, the lumped parameter thermal model (LPTM) considering overhang effects is proposed. Through the proposed LPTM, the computational time for thermal analysis is reduced considerably in comparison with computational fluid dynamics, and the temperature distributions of the motor are precisely predicted. The results calculated in coupled electromagnetic thermal analysis are verified experimentally with a 100 W, 20 pole/24 slot SPM motor with overhang.