nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Planck intermediate results: XXXV. Probing the role of the magnetic field in the formation of structure in molecular clouds

Within ten nearby (d 450 pc) Gould belt molecular clouds we evaluate statistically the relative orientation between the magnetic field projected on the plane of sky, inferred from the polarized thermal emission of Galactic dust observed by Planck at 353 GHz, and the gas column density structures, quantified by the gradient of the column density, NH. The selected regions, covering several degrees in size, are analysed at an effective angular resolution of 10' FWHM, thus sampling physical scales from 0.4 to 40 pc in the nearest cloud. The column densities in the selected regions range from NH 1021 to1023 cm 2, and hence they correspond to the bulk of the molecular clouds. The relative orientation is evaluated pixel by pixel and analysed in bins of column density using the novel statistical tool called "histogram of relative orientations" Throughout this study, we assume that the polarized emission observed by Planck at 353 GHz is representative of the projected morphology of the magnetic field in each region, i.e. we assume a constant dust grain alignment efficiency, independent of the local environment. Within most clouds we find that the relative orientation changes progressively with increasing NH, from mostly parallel or having no preferred orientation to mostly perpendicular. In simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in molecular clouds this trend in relative orientation is a signature of Alfvenic or sub Alfvenic turbulence, implying that the magnetic field is significant for the gas dynamics at the scales probed by Planck. We compare the deduced magnetic field strength with estimates we obtain from other methods and discuss the implications of the Planck observations for the general picture of molecular cloud formation and evolution.
Cloud based harvest management information system for hand harvested specialty crops
Venue: Comput. Electron. Agric.

A cloud based Harvest Management Information System (HMIS) has been developed.It credits pickers for the fruit they have harvested without impeding the process.The HMIS provides real time tracking of harvest, yield mapping, and traceability.It simplifies data analysis process and visualizes the harvest and labor data.It improves accuracy of payroll and enhances decision making and logistics. The harvest process for specialty crops is generally one of intensive activity because many people are required for harvest and packing, and the harvest window is brief due to the high perishability of the produce. Herein we present a cloud based Harvest Management Information System (HMIS) that combines a novel real time Portable Labor Monitoring System (PLMS) with a cloud based harvest management software. The PLMS comprised of three key elements (1) a self leveling scale, (2) electronic control box, and (3) a frame that supports all hardware. The electronic control box includes: (i) a RFID reader, (ii) a LCD display, (iii) a thermal printer, (iv) a GPS module, and (v) a communication system. RFID tags, containing unique ID numbers, embedded within rubber wrist bands, are worn by pickers. This system can read a picker's ID (RFID bracelet) measure the weight of fruit, and record the time and location (optional) of every fruit 'transaction' (i.e. every time a picker brings a bucket of fruit to the collection bin) The collected data can be transmitted wirelessly to the server in real time. The cloud based software receives and processes the PLMS data on labor activities, visualizes the collected data, and can extract the data necessary for management information and automated filling of documents (e.g. payroll, yield maps) The HMIS is unique in its ability to: (1) accurately credit pickers for the fruit they have harvested in the field without impeding or altering the harvest process, (2) streamline data entry to payroll, (3) provide real time tracking of harvest, yield mapping, and traceability, and, (4) generate precise and reliable harvest efficiency data. This integrated system was evaluated in sweet cherry, blueberry and apple orchards in Washington, USA. The weight of harvested fruit, time and location of every fruit drop were calculated accurately; all the data were transmitted wirelessly to the server and no errors were recorded.
Application of Adaptive Starling Like Controller to Total Artificial Heart Using Dual Rotary Blood Pumps
Venue: Annals of Biomedical Engineering

The successful clinical applicability of rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has led to research interest in devising a total artificial heart (TAH) using two rotary blood pumps (RBPs) The major challenge when using two separately controlled LVADs for TAH support is the difficulty in maintaining the balance between pulmonary and systemic blood flows. In this study, a starling like controller (SLC) hybridized with an adaptive mechanism was developed for a dual rotary LVAD TAH. The incorporation of the adaptive mechanism was intended not only to minimize the risk of pulmonary congestion and atrial suction but also to match cardiac demand. A comparative assessment was performed between the proposed adaptive starling like controller (A SLC) and a conventional SLC as well as a constant speed controller. The performance of all controllers was evaluated by subjecting them to three simulated scenarios [rest, exercise, head up tilt (HUT) using a mock circulation loop. The overall results showed that A SLC was superior in matching pump flow to cardiac demand without causing hemodynamic instabilities. In contrast, improper flow regulation by the SLC resulted in pulmonary congestion during exercise. From resting supine to HUT, overpumping of the RBPs at fixed speed (FS) caused atrial suction, whereas implementation of SLC resulted in insufficient flow. The comparative study signified the potential of the proposed A SLC for future TAH implementation particularly among outpatients, who are susceptible to variety of clinical scenarios.
In Vivo Evaluation of Active and Passive Physiological Control Systems for Rotary Left and Right Ventricular Assist Devices.
Venue: Artificial organs

Preventing ventricular suction and venous congestion through balancing flow rates and circulatory volumes with dual rotary ventricular assist devices (VADs) configured for biventricular support is clinically challenging due to their low preload and high afterload sensitivities relative to the natural heart. This study presents the in vivo evaluation of several physiological control systems, which aim to prevent ventricular suction and venous congestion. The control systems included a sensor based, master/slave (MS) controller that altered left and right VAD speed based on pressure and flow; a sensor less compliant inflow cannula (IC) which altered inlet resistance and, therefore, pump flow based on preload; a sensor less compliant outflow cannula (OC) on the right VAD, which altered outlet resistance and thus pump flow based on afterload; and a combined controller, which incorporated the MS controller, compliant IC, and compliant OC. Each control system was evaluated in vivo under step increases in systemic (SVR ~1400 2400 dyne/s/cm(5) and pulmonary (PVR ~200 1000 dyne/s/cm(5) vascular resistances in four sheep supported by dual rotary VADs in a biventricular assist configuration. Constant speed support was also evaluated for comparison and resulted in suction events during all resistance increases and pulmonary congestion during SVR increases. The MS controller reduced suction events and prevented congestion through an initial sharp reduction in pump flow followed by a gradual return to baseline (5.0 L/min) The compliant IC prevented suction events; however, reduced pump flows and pulmonary congestion were noted during the SVR increase. The compliant OC maintained pump flow close to baseline (5.0 L/min) and prevented suction and congestion during PVR increases. The combined controller responded similarly to the MS controller to prevent suction and congestion events in all cases while providing a backup system in the event of single controller failure.
The influence of color on student emotion, heart rate, and performance in learning environments

In this study, six colors (vivid red, vivid blue, vivid yellow, pale red, pale blue, and pale yellow+ were manipulated in a simulated study environment to determine their effects on university students' learning performance, emotions, and heart rate. It was hypothesized that learning, physiological and emotional states would be affected by different colors in private study spaces. A total of 24 undergraduate and postgraduate students participated in this study. The dependent variables were reading task performance, emotional responses, and changes in heart rate. The results showed that, although participants assessed the situation as relaxed, calm, and pleasant in the pale color conditions, reading scores were significantly higher in the vivid color conditions. Heart rates were significantly affected by hue; they increased in the red and yellow conditions. In addition, the results suggested that, regardless of the degree of whiteness, the hue had a significant impact on participants' emotions; blue increased relaxation and calmness feelings of participants compared to the other colors. Implications of these findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Dose dependent autophagic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human HaCaT cells at non cytotoxic levels
Venue: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

BackgroundInteractions between nanoparticles and cells are now the focus of a fast growing area of research. Though many nanoparticles interact with cells without any acute toxic responses, metal oxide nanoparticles including those composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2 NPs) may disrupt the intracellular process of macroautophagy. Autophagy plays a key role in human health and disease, particularly in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We herein investigated the in vitro biological effects of TiO2 NPs (18 nm) on autophagy in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells at non cytotoxic levels.ResultsTiO2 NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering techniques. Cellular uptake, as evaluated by TEM and NanoSIMS revealed that NPs internalization led to the formation of autophagosomes. TiO2 NPs treatment did not reduce cell viability of HaCaT cells nor increased oxidative stress. Cellular autophagy was additionally evaluated by confocal microscopy using eGFP LC3 keratinocytes, western blotting of autophagy marker LC3I/II, immunodetection of p62 and NBR1 proteins, and gene expression of LC3II, p62, NBR1, beclin1 and ATG5 by RT qPCR. We also confirmed the formation and accumulation of autophagosomes in NPs treated cells with LC3 II upregulation. Based on the lack of degradation of p62 and NBR1 proteins, autophagosomes accumulation at a high dose (25.0 mg/ml) is due to blockage while a low dose (0.16 mg/ml) promoted autophagy. Cellular viability was not affected in either case.ConclusionsThe uptake of TiO2 NPs led to a dose dependent increase in autophagic effect under non cytotoxic conditions. Our results suggest dose dependent autophagic effect over time as a cellular response to TiO2 NPs. Most importantly, these findings suggest that simple toxicity data are not enough to understand the full impact of TiO2 NPs and their effects on cellular pathways or function.
Probabilistic programming in Python using PyMC3
Venue: PeerJ Comput. Sci.

Probabilistic Programming allows for automatic Bayesian inference on user defined probabilistic models. Recent advances in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling allow inference on increasingly complex models. This class of MCMC, known as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, requires gradient information which is often not readily available. PyMC3 is a new open source Probabilistic Programming framework written in Python that uses Theano to compute gradients via automatic dierentiation as well as compile probabilistic programs on the fly to C for increased speed. Contrary to other Probabilistic Programming languages, PyMC3 allows model specification directly in Python code. The lack of a domain specific language allows for great flexibility and direct interaction with the model. This paper is a tutorial style introduction to this software package.
Linear And Nonlinear Programming

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Influence of previous abdominal surgery on surgical outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: subanalysis of a large multicenter study in Japan
Venue: Journal of Gastroenterology

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to examine the technical and oncological feasibility of laparoscopic surgery (LAP) in elderly patients with a history of abdominal surgery.MethodsWe conducted a propensity score matched case control study of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients aged =80 years that were treated at 41 hospitals between 2003 and 2007. We included 601 patients who had a history of abdominal surgery and underwent curative and elective surgery for stage 0 to III CRC. After the matching procedure, 153 patients were included in each cohort. The surgical outcomes of LAP and open surgery (OS) were compared. P values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsLAP resulted in a significantly longer surgical time (220 vs. 170 min, p 0.001) but significantly less intraoperative blood loss (39 vs. 100 ml, p 0.001) A number of postoperative recovery related parameters, including the length of the hospitalization period (12 vs. 14 days, p 0.002) and the days to the resumption of fluid (2 vs. 3 days, p 0.001) and solid food intake (4 vs. 5 days, p 0.001) were significantly better in the LAP group. Moreover, the overall morbidity rate (43 vs. 66 p 0.009) and the frequency of postoperative ileus (7 vs. 19 p 0.023) were significantly lower in the LAP group, while the frequencies of other morbidities did not differ significantly between the groups. In the survival analyses, overall survival and disease free survival did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsIn this population, LAP can be performed safely in elderly CRC patients with a history of abdominal surgery, and LAP resulted in a lower postoperative morbidity rate than OS.
Attraction of males of the cupreous polished chafer Protaetia pryeri pryeri (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) for pollination by an epiphytic orchid Luisia teres (Asparagales: Orchidaceae)
Venue: Applied Entomology and Zoology

Males of the cupreous polished chafer Protaetia pryeri pryeri (Janson) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) were observed to fly toward, hover around, and land on flowers of an epiphytic orchid Luisia teres (Thunberg) Blume (Orchidaceae) Female chafers were never attracted. When on a flower, a male chafer held the lip with his legs, and then inserted his head deep into the base of the flower column, where pollinia stuck onto his frons. Subsequently some P. p. pryeri males showed pseudocopulation on the lips: downward elongation of the abdomen and extrusion of the copulatory organ. When the chafer carrying pollinia visited another flower, the pollinia were found deposited on the flower stigma. Thus this chafer was considered to be an effective pollinator for this orchid. Males were also attracted to orchid flowers covered with loose cloth that eliminated their visibility, and to a solvent extract of the flower treated on a cotton ball. Therefore, we concluded that the chafer can use olfactory cues released from the orchid flower. Chemical analysis of the nectar secreted from the flower showed that sugar content was about 2 5 The pseudocopulation behavior by the pollinator and the presence of nectar on the flower are intriguing and may indicate an evolutionary transitional step between rewarding and rewardless species in deceptive pollination.
Importance of NDF digestibility of whole crop maize silage for dry matter intake and milk production in dairy cows

The importance of maize silage as a feed component in cattle rations and for biogas production has substantially increased. Whole crop maize silage is a forage with a high starch concentration, but also the cell wall fraction, commonly analysed as neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom) is a major energy source for use in ruminant nutrition. Even though ruminants require forage fibre to maintain rumen function and maximize productivity, excess fibre limits feed intake due to its contribution to physical fill in the rumen. As feed intake is the most important factor for milk production, both aNDFom concentration and aNDFom digestibility are key determinants of the nutritive value of a diet. Therefore, the importance of maize silage aNDFom digestibility on nutritive value, dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) and milk production was investigated in a literature review across a wide range of studies varying in ration composition and characteristics of maize silage. The dataset compiled for the study comprised 29 experiments with 96 dietary treatments, but for a number of parameters less observations were published and therefore used in the analyses. Enhanced aNDFom digestibility was associated with a decrease in starch concentration and an increase in crude protein concentration. Nevertheless, the digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) increased with enhanced aNDFom digestibility. Milk yield and live weight gain also increased with enhanced aNDFom digestibility. A 0.01 increase in the coefficient of maize silage aNDFom digestibility improved daily milk yield with 82 g (P 0.04) and daily weight gain with 12 g (P 0.03) Therefore, aNDFom digestibility is an important trait in maize used as whole crop silage for dairy cows.
An Introduction to Intertextuality as a Literary Theory: Definitions, Axioms and the Originators

The aim of this study is to provide a succinct discussion of intertextuality from a theoretical perspective. The concept of intertextuality dates back to the ancient times when the first human history and the discourses about texts began to exist. As a phenomenon it has sometimes been defined as a set of relations which a text has with other texts and/or discourses belonging to various fields and cultural domains. Yet the commencement of intertextuality as a critical theory and an approach to texts was provided by the formulations of such theorists as Ferdinand de Saussure, Mikhail Bakhtin and Roland Barthes before the term 'intertextuality' was coined by Julia Kristeva in 1966. This study, focusing on firstly, the path from 'work' to 'text' and 'intertext' both of which ultimately became synonymous, and secondly, the shifting position of the reader/interpreter becoming significant in the discipline of literary studies, aims to define intertextuality as a critical theory and state its fundamentals and axioms formulated by the mentioned originators of the intertextual theory and thus to betray the fact that intertextuality had a poststructuralist and postmodern vein at the outset. The study was motivated by both a lack of a study differing the intellectual origins/mental conceptors from the later theoreticians and the rarity of intertextuality's being dealt with as a separate literary approach, i.e. its being scrutinized mostly as a part of other critical approaches. For this reason, the study has been thought to be beneficial especially for laypersons.
L1 AND L2 DOCTORAL STUDENTS' INTERTEXTUALITY AND ACADEMIC LITERACIES AT THE GCLR WEB SEMINARS

The new world of academic discourse is complex and necessitates that L1 and L2 graduate students learn a multiplicity of texts, master intertextuality, and actively participate in emerging literacies or genres of their disciplines (Molle Prior, 2008; Swales, 2004; Warren, 2013) Challenges arise about how doctoral students produce, interpret, and learn texts and genres, and how they act and react around text production in particular multicultural institutional contexts (Hyland, 2000; Prior, 2004) Little is known about how students, particularly those in higher education, establish intertextual connections among different modes of texts (e.g. written, oral, visual) for actively engaging in literacy (Belcher Hirvela, 2008; Seloni, 2012) The purpose of this study is to examine how L1 and L2 doctoral students use intertextual practices to create meaning and develop their academic literacies during the literacy events of Global Conversations and Literacy Research (GCLR) web seminars. Drawing upon microethnographic discourse analysis, more particularly the constructs of intertextuality (Bloome, Carter, 2013) I investigate the following questions a) How are the L1 and L2 students engaged in intertextual practices in the literacy events of GCLR web seminars? b) How does the use of intertextuality contribute to L1 and L2 students' academic literacies? The participants are two L1 and two L2 doctoral students, who are also multilinguals, had different first languages (i.e. Korean, English, Chinese) and actively engaged in the GCLR web seminars. Data drew upon interviews, chat transcriptions, video recordings of the web seminars, and visuals. Data collection and analyses began in September 2014, and continued through November 2015. Microethnographic discourse analysis showed how participants constructed intertextual connections during the literacy events of the GCLR web seminars. The findings show how L1 and L2 doctoral students used intertextuality to socialize into academic discourse, mediate discoursal identities, and develop cultural models. The study has implications for L1 and L2 pedagogy, multilingual's learning, and research: Future research should investigate academic literacies with intertextual connections to oral, written, and online discourses. Educators and graduate students are encouraged to exploit the full potential of intertextuality through metacognition in emerging academic literacies and mediated discoursal identities.  L1 and L2 doctoral students, Multilingual learners, Academic literacies, Intertextuality, Online academic discourse community, Web seminars. L1 AND L2 DOCTORAL STUDENTS' INTERTEXTUALITY AND ACADEMIC LITERACIES AT THE GCLR WEB SEMINARS by Tuba Angay Crowder A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Teaching and Learning in the Department of Middle and Secondary Education in the College of Education and Human Development Georgia State University Atlanta, Georgia 2016
Real Time Eye Blink Detection using Facial Landmarks

A real time algorithm to detect eye blinks in a video sequence from a standard camera is proposed. Recent landmark detectors, trained on in thewild datasets exhibit excellent robustness against a head orientation with respect to a camera, varying illumination and facial expressions. We show that the landmarks are detected precisely enough to reliably estimate the level of the eye opening. The proposed algorithm therefore estimates the landmark positions, extracts a single scalar quantity eye aspect ratio (EAR) characterizing the eye opening in each frame. Finally, an SVM classifier detects eye blinks as a pattern of EAR values in a short temporal window. The simple algorithm outperforms the state of the art results on two standard datasets.