nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Torsion, Bending and Shear Analysis in Reinforced Concrete beams

This study investigates the effect of combined actions of torsion, bending and shear stresses on rectangular cross sectional plain and reinforced concrete beams at a given concrete mix design. The ultimate torsional strengths and angle of cracks of the beams were determined experimentally through a simple test arrangement set up on fifteen beam specimens grouped into five groups; BC1 to BC5. The combined loading was achieved through by loading the test beams at an eccentric distance away from the beam's principal axis at the midspan, through a system of Universal Testing Machine at the Engineering laboratory of the Standard Organization of Nigeria (Son) Enugu. Three international standard codes (BS 8110, Euro code 2 and ACI 318) were used to calculate the ultimate torsional strengths predicted for torsional resistance provided by longitudinal and transverse reinforcements and the strut of concrete cross section. The values obtained from the codes were compared with that of experimental results observation for validation. The ultimate torsional moments predicted by different classical theories (elastic, plastic, skew bending and Cowan's equations) were also used to calculate the ultimate torsional moments and compared with the experimental results. It was observed that the values predicted by the codes were not the same with each other and the experimental results in some cases while in other cases, the predicted values matches that of experimental results. This can be attributed to difference in certain assumptions, parameter and constants taken during the formulation of their respective equations which influenced the results. It was also observed from this study that ultimate torsional moments predicted by the classical theories are significantly difference from that of experimental results. It was concluded from the study that the angle of cracks used in design by different codes should not be fixed, but to be varied in other to obtain better economic and stable structures in terms of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements together with high concrete section that can sustain the applied
Immediate dentin sealing for indirect bonded restorations.
Venue: Journal of prosthodontic research

The aim of this article is to review available literature on the clinical procedure of immediate dentine sealing for indirect bonded restorations.  More than 40 articles reporting the technique, studies, outcomes, etc. were reviewed after PUBMED/MEDLINE search, most of them addressing the specific situation of dentin bonding for indirect restorations.  It is known that tooth preparation for indirect bonded restorations can result in significant dentin exposures. Immediate application and polymerization of the dentin bonding agent to the freshly cut dentin, prior to impression making is therefore recommended by some authors. Literature indicates that this procedure, immediate dentine sealing (IDS) appears to achieve improved bond strength, fewer gap formations, decreased bacterial leakage, and reduces post cementation sensitivity. This rational approach to adhesion is also reported to have a positive influence on tooth structure preservation, patient comfort, and long term survival of indirect bonded restorations.  In the extensive literature regarding advantages of using IDS technique significant differences have been shown when compared to Delayed Dentine Sealing. Although more research is required in this field, presently there are NO scientific reasons not to recommend IDS in routine practice.
Interactions between resin based temporary materials and immediate dentin sealing
Venue: Applied Adhesion Science

Bonded indirect restorations require two appointments: one for provisional treatment and one for luting with resin cement and dentin bonding agents (DBA) The DBA layer may be accomplished during a delayed dentin sealing (DDS) step following the provisional phase or an immediate dentin sealing (IDS) step after tooth preparation and during final luting procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of resin based provisional material (RBPM) on the tensile bond strength to human dentin developed using DDS and IDS procedures. Flat dentin surfaces were prepared on 48 molars for microtensile testing. The specimens were restored using a 3 step etch and rinse DBA and composite resin (CR) A set of control specimens (G1) was directly restored using DBA and CR, while the remaining samples were treated using a provisional restoration procedure for 2 weeks: DDS acrylic resin (AR) calcium hydroxide cement (CHC) (group G2) DDS AR eugenol free cement (G3) DDS RBPM (G4) IDS glycerin RBPM (G5) or IDS RBPM (G6) After storage of the final restoration in water for 24 h, the specimens were serially sectioned to obtain bonded sticks 0.8 mm2 in area. The tensile strength was tested at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (a 0.05) The mean (standard deviation) bond strengths for groups G1 G6 were 42.18 2.63) 40.14 3.46) 37.77 0.93) 37.16 2.61) 34.11 1.08) and 23.79 0.49) MPa. The mean bond strength of group G6 was significantly lower (p 0.05) suggesting that adhesion to dentin is influenced by use of RBPM with IDS prior to placement of a definitive restoration.
Effect of immediate and delayed dentin sealing on the fracture strength, failure type and Weilbull characteristics of lithiumdisilicate laminate veneers.
Venue: Dental materials official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials

Adhesion on dentin is less reliable than on enamel, which could affect the durability of laminate veneers (LV) Immediate dentin sealing (IDS) is suggested instead of delayed dentin sealing (DDS) to overcome hypersensitivity and prevent debonding from dentin. This study evaluated the effect of IDS and DDS on the durability of Li2Si2O5 laminate veneers in vitro.  Window preparations were made on the labial surfaces of sound maxillary central incisors (N=50) They were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1: Enamel only+H3PO4+Adhesive (control) Group 2: <1/4 dentin+H3PO4+DDS (2 weeks later) Group 3: Complete dentin+H3PO4+DDS (2 weeks later) Group 4: <1/4 dentin+H3PO4+IDS; Group 5: Complete dentin+H3PO4+IDS. Li2Si2O5 laminate veneers (e.max Press) were bonded to the labial surfaces of the teeth with adhesive resin cement (Variolink Veneer) IDS layers were silicacoated (CoJet System) and silanized (ESPE Sil) The teeth with their bonded laminates were thermocycled (10.000x cycles) and then subjected to static loading (1mm/min) Failure type and location after debonding were classified. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (a=0.05) Two parameter Weibull distribution values including the Weibull modulus, scale (m) and shape (0) values were calculated.  Mean fracture strength (N) per group in descending order was as follows: Group 5 (576+ 254) Group 4 (478+ 216) Group 1 (473+ 159) Group 2 (465+ 186) and Group 3 (314+ 137) The presence of complete dentin exposure sealed with DDS after 2 weeks on the bonded surface (Group 3) resulted in significantly lower fracture strength results than those in group 5 with IDS (p=0.034) Weibull distribution presented higher shape (0) for Group 1 (3.67) than those of other groups (2.51 2.89) Failure types were predominantly adhesive failure between the cement and the laminate veneer in Groups 1, 2, 4 whereas Group 3 presented more often complete adhesive failures between the cement and dentin. In Group 5, failures showed some IDS and cement with or without ceramic fracture attached on the tooth.  When laminate veneers are bonded to a large dentin substrate, application of immediate dentin sealing improves adhesion and thereby, the fracture strength of Li2Si2O5 laminate veneers.
Integrasi Pembelajaran Active Learning dan Internet Based Learning dalam Meningkatkan Keaktifan dan Kreativitas Belajar

The learning process in higher education can use constructivist learning strategies for activeness and creativity of students. This study aimed to describe the integration of active learning and internet based learning and to explain the factors supporting and inhibiting. From the observation data, interviews and documentation of the 31 students of the Department of Teacher Education for Islamic Primary Education (PGMI) and the lecturer of STAIN Ponorogo can be seen that the integration of active learning and Internetbased learning can enhance the activeness and creativity of student learning in the course. Factors supporting this result are the application of learning strategies, giving clear guidance, student learning motivation high and the availability of learning facilities and infrastructure. The factors that inhibit is the limited time, the dominance of smart students and unpreparedness of students receiving new material. Abstrak Proses pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi dapat menggunakan strategi pembelajaran konstruktivistik untuk keaktifan dan kreativitas mahasiswa. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan integrasi active learning daninternet based learning untuk menjelaskan faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Dari data observasi, interview dan dokumentasi terhadap 31 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (PGMI) dan dosen STAIN Ponorogo dapat diketahui bahwa integrasi active learning dan internet based learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan kreativitas belajar mahasiswa di program studi tersebut. Faktor yang mendukung hasil ini adalah penerapan strategi pembelajaran, pemberian pengarahan yang jelas, motivasi belajar mahasiswa yang tinggi dan tersedianya sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran. Adapun faktor yang menghambat adalah keterbatasan waktu, dominasi mahasiswa pintar dan ketidaksiapan mahasiswa menerima materi baru.
Estimation and adaptive nonlinear model predictive control of selective catalytic reduction systems in automotive applications

The demands of high NO x conversion efficiency and low tailpipe ammonia slip for urea based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems have been substantially increased in the past decade, as NO x emission legislations for Diesel engines are becoming more stringent than ever before. Since catalyst aging has a significant impact on SCR performance, robust and adaptive SCR control has been preferred for degraded SCR systems to realize emission control objectives. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, a robust ammonia coverage ratio observer was designed for estimating the ammonia coverage ratio reference for catalysts with different aging levels. An ammonia storage capacity observer was developed for estimating the actual ammonia storage capacity which can be reduced due to catalyst aging. An adaptive ammonia coverage ratio reference design was then developed to estimate the desired ammonia coverage ratio ranges at each instantaneous engine operating point for both single cell and two cell SCR systems at different aging levels based on a singular perturbation method. Secondly, to ensure the estimated ammonia coverage ratio falls in the desired ranges for most of engine operating conditions, robust nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithms were designed for both single cell and two cell SCR systems. Experimental data over US06 cycle were collected from a Diesel engine and aftertreatment system platform for controller verification. Simulation results under US06 test cycle demonstrate that the proposed NMPC algorithms were capable of consistently achieving high NO x conversion efficiency >95.6% and constrained tailpipe ammonia slip
Modifying MCTS for Human Like General Video Game Playing
Venue: IJCAI

We address the problem of making general video game playing agents play in a human like manner. To this end, we introduce several modifications of the UCT formula used in Monte Carlo Tree Search that biases action selection towards repeating the current action, making pauses, and limiting rapid switching between actions. Playtraces of human players are used to model their propensity for repeated actions; this model is used for biasing the UCT formula. Experiments show that our modified MCTS agent, called BoT, plays quantitatively similar to human players as measured by the distribution of repeated actions. A survey of human observers reveals that the agent exhibits human like playing style in some games but not others.
Scalable Uncertainty Management
Venue: Lecture Notes in Computer Science

Combinatorial game solving is a research field that is frequently highlighted each time a program defeats the best human player: Deep Blue (IBM) vs Kasparov for Chess in 1997, and Alpha Go (Google) vs Lee Sedol for the game of Go in 2016. But what is hidden behind these success stories? First of all, I will consider combinatorial games from a theoretical point of view. We will see how to proceed to properly define and deal with the concepts of outcome, value, and winning strategy. Are there some games for which an exact winning strategy can be expected? Unfortunately, the answer is no in many cases (including some of the most famous ones like Go, Othello, Chess or Checkers) as exact game solving belongs to the problems of highest complexity. Therefore, finding out an effective approximate strategy has highly motivated the community of AI researchers. In the current survey, the basics of the best AI programs will be presented, and in particular the well known Minimax and Monte Carlo Tree Search approaches. 1 Combinatorial Games
The great time series classification bake off: a review and experimental evaluation of recent algorithmic advances
Venue: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery

In the last 5 years there have been a large number of new time series classification algorithms proposed in the literature. These algorithms have been evaluated on subsets of the 47 data sets in the University of California, Riverside time series classification archive. The archive has recently been expanded to 85 data sets, over half of which have been donated by researchers at the University of East Anglia. Aspects of previous evaluations have made comparisons between algorithms difficult. For example, several different programming languages have been used, experiments involved a single train/test split and some used normalised data whilst others did not. The relaunch of the archive provides a timely opportunity to thoroughly evaluate algorithms on a larger number of datasets. We have implemented 18 recently proposed algorithms in a common Java framework and compared them against two standard benchmark classifiers (and each other) by performing 100 resampling experiments on each of the 85 datasets. We use these results to test several hypotheses relating to whether the algorithms are significantly more accurate than the benchmarks and each other. Our results indicate that only nine of these algorithms are significantly more accurate than both benchmarks and that one classifier, the collective of transformation ensembles, is significantly more accurate than all of the others. All of our experiments and results are reproducible: we release all of our code, results and experimental details and we hope these experiments form the basis for more robust testing of new algorithms in the future.
Auxin production in the endosperm drives seed coat development in Arabidopsis
Venue: eLife

In flowering plants, seed development is initiated by the fusion of the maternal egg and central cells with two paternal sperm cells, leading to the formation of embryo and endosperm, respectively. The fertilization products are surrounded by the maternally derived seed coat, whose development prior to fertilization is blocked by epigenetic regulators belonging to the Polycomb Group (PcG) protein family. Here we show that fertilization of the central cell results in the production of auxin and most likely its export to the maternal tissues, which drives seed coat development by removing PcG function. We furthermore show that mutants for the MADS box transcription factor AGL62 have an impaired transport of auxin from the endosperm to the integuments, which results in seed abortion. We propose that AGL62 regulates auxin transport from the endosperm to the integuments, leading to the removal of the PcG block on seed coat development.
Role of food processing in food and nutrition security

Food and nutrition security, a major global challenge, relies on the adequate supply of safe, affordable and nutritious fresh and processed foods to all people. The challenge of supplying healthy diets to 9 billion people in 2050 will in part be met through increase in food production. However, reducing food losses throughout the supply chain from production to consumption and sustainable enhancements in preservation, nutrient content, safety and shelf life of foods, enabled by food processing will also be essential. Scope and approach This review describes developments in primary food production systems and the role of food processing on population health and food and nutrition security. It emphasises the need to monitor the attitudes and values of consumers in order to better understand factors that may lead to negative perceptions about food processing.  For a resource constrained world, it is essential to have a balanced approach to both energy and nutrient content of foods. Environmental sustainability is critical and both the agrifood production and the food processing sectors will be challenged to use less resources to produce greater quantities of existing foods and develop innovative new foods that are nutritionally appropriate for the promotion of health and well being, have long shelf lives and are conveniently transportable. Healthy diets which meet consumer expectations produced from resilient and sustainable agrifood systems need to be delivered in a changing world with diminishing natural resources. An integrated multi sectoral approach across the whole food supply chain is required to address global food and nutrition insecurity.
The Roles of ACE Inhibitors in Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease
Venue: American journal of therapeutics

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an age dependent atherosclerotic disorder associated with an increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Approximately 35% of patients with PAD complain of lower extremity claudication, which may worsen to impair daily function. ACE inhibitors may possess vasoactive properties that improve symptoms of claudication. We designed a meta analysis to quantify the effectiveness of ACE inhibitors on walking capacities in patients with lower extremity PAD. We reviewed MEDLINE and Cochrane databases from 1966 to 2013, in addition to relevant bibliographies to obtain our clinical trials. From the original findings, 4 randomized, placebo controlled, double blind studies qualified for inclusion. Using a random effects model, ACE inhibitors were associated with an increase of 126 m [95% confidence interval (CI) 95 to 346] (P 0.264) in maximal walking distance and a rise in Ankle Brachial Index of 0.09 (95% CI, 0.024 0.205) (P 0.12) However, pain free walking distance was significantly increased by 86 m (95% CI, 13 156) (P 0.021) Contradictions in study outcomes between more recent and earlier trials of ACE inhibitors in claudication impeded the interpretation of effectiveness. Early trials failed to demonstrate improvement in walking capacities, possibly because of omissions in patient enrollment criteria and inadequate sample size. Recent guidelines recommend consideration of ACE inhibitors in patients with PAD for cardioprotective effects. Although ACE inhibitors were well tolerated, vigilance for clinical predictors of renal arterial stenosis and renal instability after initiation will ensure safe administration in all patients with PAD.
Assessment of climate change impacts on water balance components of Heeia watershed in Hawaii

Heeia watershed, Oahu, Hawaii, USA. Study focus Hydrological models are useful tools for assessing the impact of climate change in watersheds. We evaluated the applicability of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in a case study of Heeia, Pacific island watershed that has highly permeable volcanic soils and suffers from hydrological data scarcity. Applicability of the model was enhanced with several modifications to reflect unique watershed characteristics. The calibrated model was then used to assess the impact of rainfall, temperature, and CO2 concentration changes on the water balance of the watershed. New hydrological insights for the study region Compared to continental watersheds, the Heeia watershed showed high rainfall initial abstraction due to high initial infiltration capacity of the soils. The simulated and observed streamflows generally showed a good agreement and satisfactory model performance demonstrating the applicability of SWAT for small island watersheds with large topographic, precipitation, and land use gradients. The study also demonstrates methods to resolve data scarcity issues. Predicted climate change scenarios showed that the decrease in rainfall during wet season and marginal increase in dry season are the main factors for the overall decrease in water balance components. Specifically, the groundwater flow component may consistently decrease by as much as 15% due to predicted rainfall and temperature changes by 2100, which may have serious implications on groundwater availability in the watershed.
Global hybrid exchange energy functional with correct asymptotic behavior of the corresponding potential
Venue: Theoretical Chemistry Accounts

A non empirical global hybrid exchange correlation energy functional which leads to an exchange potential with correct asymptotic behavior is presented. The exchange functional combines one fourth of exact exchange with three fourths of the correct asymptotic potential (CAP) generalized gradient approximation functional. It is combined with the Perdew Burke Ernzerhof correlation energy with a slightly modified parameterization so as to cancel the gradient terms of CAP exchange with that of correlation, in the limit of slowly varying density. The resulting global hybrid functional, called CAP0, gives heats of formation, ionization potentials, electron affinities, proton affinities, binding energies of weakly interacting systems, barrier heights for hydrogen and non hydrogen transfer reactions, bond distances, and harmonic frequencies on standard test sets that are competitive with results from other long range corrected, Coulomb attenuated, or global hybrid functionals. In fact, they are generally superior to or competitive with CAM PBE0 and, except for heats of formation, with CAM B3LYP as well. Advantageously, the Rydberg excitation energies from CAP0 are superior to those of other global hybrids and of the long range corrected hybrids. They are similar to those from CAM B3LYP and modestly inferior to the CAM PBE0 errors. For the valence excitations, we did not find substantial differences for all the hybrid functionals considered, while the oscillator strengths from CAP0 are better to those of other global hybrids and comparable to those obtained with long range corrected and Coulomb attenuated hybrids.