nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Image Text Representation Learning

It was a dream to make computers intelligent. Like humans who are capable of understanding information of multiple modalities such as video, text, audio, etc. teaching computers to jointly understand multi modal information is a necessary and essential step towards artificial intelligence. And how to jointly represent multi modal information is critical to such step. Although a lot of efforts have been devoted to exploring the representation of each modality individually, it is an open and challenging problem to learn joint multi modal representation.In this dissertation, we explore joint image text representation models based on Visual Semantic Embedding (VSE) VSE has been recently proposed and shown to be effective for joint representation. The key idea is that by learning a mapping from images into a semantic space, the algorithm is able to learn a compact and effective joint representation. However, existing approaches simply map each text concept and each whole image to single points in the semantic space. We propose several novel visual semantic embedding models that use (1) text concept modeling, (2) image level modeling, and (3) object level modeling. In particular, we first introduce a novel Gaussian Visual Semantic Embedding (GVSE) model that leverages the visual information to model text concepts as density distributions rather than single points in semantic space. Then, we propose Multiple Instance Visual Semantic Embedding (MIVSE) via image level modeling, which discovers and maps the semantically meaningful image sub regions to their corresponding text labels. Next, we present a fine grained object level representation in images, Scene Domain Active Part Models (SDAPM) that reconstructs and characterizes 3D geometric statistics between object's parts in 3D scene domain. Finally, we explore advanced joint representations for other visual and textual modalities, including joint image sentence representation and joint video sentence representation.Extensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed joint representation models are superior to existing methods on various tasks involving image, video and text modalities, including image annotation, zero shot learning, object and parts detection, pose and viewpoint estimation, image classification, text based image retrieval, image captioning, video annotation, and text based video retrieval.
Thai Multi Document Summarization: Unit Segmentation, Unit Graph Formulation, and Unit Selection
Venue: Comput. Informatics

There have been several challenges in summarization of Thai multiple documents since Thai language itself lacks of explicit word/phrase/sentence boundaries. This paper gives definition of Thai Elementary Discourse Unit (TEDU) and then presents our three stage summarization process. Towards implementation of this process, we propose unit segmentation using TEDUs and their derivatives, unit graph formation using iterative unit weighting and cosine similarity, and unit selection using highest weight priority, redundancy removal, and post selection weight recalculation. To examine performance of the proposed methods, a number of experiments are conducted using fifty sets of Thai news articles with their manually constructed reference summary. By three common evaluation measures of ROUGE 1, ROUGE 2, and ROUGE SU4, the results evidence that (1) our TEDU based summarization outperforms paragraph based summarization, (2) our iterative weighting is superior to traditional TF IDF, (3) the highest weight priority without centroid preference and unit redundancy consideration helps improving summary quality, and (4) post selection weight recalculation tends to raise summarization performance under some certain circumstances.
Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Special Reference to Drug Resistance and Biofilm Formation from Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa is an aerobic, gram negative, motile rod and possesses a variety of virulence factors. Antimicrobial resistance is an innate feature of bacterial biofilms.  Determination of prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production of P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples.  A prospective study was carried out from the period of June 2014 to December 2014 in Microbiology Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune. The study included a total of 300 various clinical samples received in the department of Microbiology from different wards for routine culture and sensitivity test. The samples were processed and isolates were identified by standard protocol. All isolates were tested for phenotypic detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern.  Out of 300 clinical samples, 30 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa (10% Maximum of 19 isolates were from pus/wound swab (63.33% followed by urine 5 (20% 23 (76.66% were from males and 7 (23.33% were from females. Maximum prevalence belonged to the age group of 41 60 years of age 14 (46.66% followed by patients of 60 80 years of age 8 (26.66% A total of 13 of the 30 isolates (43.33% showed biofilm production. 66.66% (10/15) of multiple antibiotic resistant isolates showed biofilm production. P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to ceftazidime 50% and least resistant to imipenem 10%  The results confirmed P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen isolated from various clinical samples of patients. In this study, the antibiotic resistance was significantly higher among biofilm producing P. aeruginosa than non producer. Imipenem was found to be the most effective antimicrobial agent. Use of ceftazidime should be restricted as it found least effective. To avoid rapid emergence of drug resistant strains, periodic testing of biofilm formation and antibiotic sensitivity should be carried out to detect the resistance trends. As this is a hospital based epidemiological data, present study will help for implementation of better patient management and infection control strategies.
Progress and Challenges of Reference Standard and Its New Form: Digital Reference Standard

Number and quantities of reference standards (RS) needed for the quality control of drugs are increasing, bringing great pressure to the calibration and using company. This manuscript summarized the four generations for the development of RS including physical RS, paper atlas, and electronic databases. The advantages and disadvantages of each generation were summarized. The concept of digital RS (DRS) was proposed based on this, and summed up the definition, advantages, and technical architecture of DRS. The 10 characteristics of five aspects of the DRS were discussed including digital, multi dimension, big data, cloud computing, internet, internet of things, sharing, multi terminal, intelligence, and compliance certification. Then, the necessity of its formation and application in the medicine holistic quality control of internet plus era was discussed in this manuscript.
Voltage gated calcium channels and their auxiliary subunits: physiology and pathophysiology and pharmacology
Venue: The Journal of physiology

Voltage gated calcium channels are essential players in many physiological processes in excitable cells. There are three main subdivisions of calcium channel, defined by the pore forming a1 subunit, the CaV1, CaV2 and CaV3 channels. For all the subtypes of voltage gated calcium channel, their gating properties are key for the precise control of neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction and cell excitability, among many other processes. For the CaV1 and CaV2 channels, their ability to reach their required destinations in the cell membrane, their activation and the fine tuning of their biophysical properties are all dramatically influenced by the auxiliary subunits that associate with them. Furthermore, there are many diseases, both genetic and acquired, involving voltage gated calcium channels. This review will provide a general introduction and then concentrate particularly on the role of auxiliary a2d subunits in both physiological and pathological processes involving calcium channels, and as a therapeutic target.
YIA 03 03 EFFECT OF GABAPENTIN, LIGAND OF ALPHA 2 DELTA SUBUNIT OF VOLTAGE DEPENDENT CALCIUM CHANNELS, ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS: THE INFLUENCE OF GUANETHIDINE INDUCED SYMPATHECTOMY.
Venue: Journal of hypertension

Voltage dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) play an important role in two major abnormalities observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and enhanced Ca influx to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) a2d subunit of VDCC, which promotes surface trafficking and modulates the biophysical properties of VDCC, was identified as a critical component of increased L type VDCC calcium currents in arterial myocytes of SHR. On the other hand, N type VDCCs control a neurotransmitter release in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and play an important role in sympathetic hyperactivity in SHR.  Our study was aimed to determine the effect of a2d ligand (gabapentin) on blood pressure (BP) and baroreflex sensitivity in intact or sympathectomized adult SHR and WKY rats. Baroreflex sensitivity was studied in conscious rats using increasing doses of vasoactive drugs (sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine) The sympathectomy was induced by daily intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine for 2 weeks.  Acute gabapentin administration lowered BP more in SHR than WKY, the difference being augmented by restraint stress. Sympathetic reflex tachycardia occurred only after nifedipine (L type VDCC blocker) but not after o conotoxin GVIA (N type VDCC blocker) or gabapentin administration. Acute gabapentin or o conotoxin GVIA administration totally abolished the sympathetic component (without affecting the vagal component) of baroreflex sensitivity in both strains in contrast to a nonsignificant effect of nifedipine. Guanethidine induced sympathectomy lowered BP and HR in both rat strains. BP decrease after acute intravenous administration of gabapentin was prevented by sympathectomy which also abolished the effect of gabapentin on baroreflex sensitivity.  Similar effects of gabapentin and o conotoxin GVIA suggest that acute administration of a2d ligand gabapentin could reverse sympathetic hyperactivity in genetic hypertension. These results also demonstrate that cardiovascular response to gabapentin could be increased by stress induced SNS activation and diminished by sympathectomy.Partially supported by GACR_14 16225P and GACR_16 10349Y.
A Password Protected Secret Sharing Based on Kurosawa Desmedt Hybrid Encryption
Venue: 2016 Fourth International Symposium on Computing and Networking (CANDAR)

Needs for secret sharing scheme is increasing as demands for cloud services grow. However, secret sharing scheme possesses a drawback in that unauthorized users who can access storages storing partial information can reconstruct a secret. Password Protected Secret Sharing (PPSS) was proposed in order to resolve such a drawback. PPSS is a secret sharing scheme that ensures only the owner of the secret who knows correct password to get the original secret by applying password authentication to partial information. The first PPSS was proposed by Bagherzandi et al. in 2011. When a secret is large, their scheme encrypts the secret with symmetric key encryption (SKE) and then encrypts the symmetric key with CPA secure public key encryption (PKE) Because of such combination, it seems difficult to prove strong security (i.e. CCA security) of their scheme at least in the standard model. In this paper, we propose a new PPSS model and scheme which does not use a simple combination of SKE and CPA secure PKE but use Kurosawa Desmedt hybrid encryption, that is proven to be CCA secure in the standard model. Proposed PPSS is constructed by combining public key part of Kurosawa Desmedt hybrid encryption with password authentication. Our scheme is expected to be more secure than that of Bagherzandi et al.
Wind Speed Profile and Roughness Sublayer Depth Modelling in Urban Boundary Layers
Venue: Boundary Layer Meteorology

We propose a new formulation for the wind speed profile in the urban boundary layer, which can be viewed as a generalisation of the commonly used logarithmic law. The model is based on the assumption that the role played by the classical aerodynamic roughness length and the displacement height in the logarithmic law is taken by a sole variable, the local length scale, which follows a pattern of exponential decrease with height. Starting from wind speed profiles collected at Villa Pamphili park, Rome, Italy, an empirical fit is used to determine the model parameters. The results show that the local length scale depends also on the friction velocity and that, with appropriate normalization, it reduces to a family of curves that spreads according to the planar area fraction. Another novel aspect is the estimation of the roughness sublayer depth, which can be expressed as a function of the friction velocity and morphometric quantities such as the building height and the planar area fraction. It is also found that the rate of growth with height of the Prandtl mixing length linked to the new formulation is, just above the canopy, lower than the canonical value 0.41, and approaches the latter value well above the roughness sublayer. The model performance is tested by comparison with laboratory and field data reported in the literature.
Distinct medial temporal networks encode surprise during motivation by reward versus punishment
Venue: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Adaptive motivated behavior requires predictive internal representations of the environment, and surprising events are indications for encoding new representations of the environment. The medial temporal lobe memory system, including the hippocampus and surrounding cortex, encodes surprising events and is influenced by motivational state. Because behavior reflects the goals of an individual, we investigated whether motivational valence (i.e. pursuing rewards versus avoiding punishments) also impacts neural and mnemonic encoding of surprising events. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) participants encountered perceptually unexpected events either during the pursuit of rewards or avoidance of punishments. Despite similar levels of motivation across groups, reward and punishment facilitated the processing of surprising events in different medial temporal lobe regions. Whereas during reward motivation, perceptual surprises enhanced activation in the hippocampus, during punishment motivation surprises instead enhanced activation in parahippocampal cortex. Further, we found that reward motivation facilitated hippocampal coupling with ventromedial PFC, whereas punishment motivation facilitated parahippocampal cortical coupling with orbitofrontal cortex. Behaviorally, post scan testing revealed that reward, but not punishment, motivation resulted in greater memory selectivity for surprising events encountered during goal pursuit. Together these findings demonstrate that neuromodulatory systems engaged by anticipation of reward and punishment target separate components of the medial temporal lobe, modulating medial temporal lobe sensitivity and connectivity. Thus, reward and punishment motivation yield distinct neural contexts for learning, with distinct consequences for how surprises are incorporated into predictive mnemonic models of the environment.
Spatiotemporal characterization of the neural correlates of outcome valence and surprise during reward learning in humans

Reward learning depends on accurate reward associations with potential choices. Two separate outcome dimensions, namely the valence (positive or negative) and surprise (the absolute degree of deviation from expectations) of an outcome are thought to subserve adaptive decision making and learning, however their neural correlates and relative contribution to learning remain debated. Here, we coupled single trial analyses of electroencephalography with simultaneously acquired fMRI, while participants performed a probabilistic reversal learning task, to offer evidence of temporally overlapping but largely distinct spatial representations of outcome valence and surprise in the human brain. Electrophysiological variability in outcome valence correlated with activity in regions of the human reward network promoting approach or avoidance learning. Variability in outcome surprise correlated primarily with activity in regions of the human attentional network controlling the speed of learning. Crucially, despite the largely separate spatial extend of these representations we also found a linear superposition of the two outcome dimensions in a smaller network encompassing visuo mnemonic and reward areas. This spatiotemporal overlap was uniquely exposed by our EEG informed fMRI approach. Activity in this network was further predictive of stimulus value updating indicating a comparable contribution of both signals to reward learning.
Simulations of electromagnetic processes in an asynchronous traction drive of automatic electric braking of an electric train

This paper shows the possibility and effectiveness of using an electric brake of motor railcar rolling stock with an asynchronous traction drive as an automatic brake. Since electric braking is unaffected by low temperatures and it can provide high efficiency protection from wheel slipping and skidding when integrated into a traction drive control system, as well as control braking torque with a high speed. Many motor axes and, hence, high power railcar rolling stock can provide less braking distance at electric braking than does pneumatic braking, which is especially important for emergency braking. However, an electric brake can be used as an automatic one only if it can be driven even in the case of loss of power from the catenary or diesel generator. The possibility in principle and the workability of using an electric brake as an automatic one are analyzed on the basis of mathematical simulations. The electromagnetic processes in an asynchronous traction drive under such conditions are considered, and the actuation time of an electric brake in the absence of supplied power is determined.
Efficient and secure template blinding for biometric authentication
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS)

Fingerprints as biometric authenticators are rapidly increasing in popularity, with fingerprint scanners available on many modern smartphones and laptops. Because these authenticators are non revocable, special care must be taken to prevent leakage of the representative feature information of a user's fingerprint. While secure multiparty computation protocols have been designed to maintain fingerprint privacy during authentication, they do not protect the data stored on the authentication server. In this work, we develop a technique for blinding the stored biometric template such that the authentication server never observes biometric information in the clear, and cannot accidentally leak this information in the event of a breach. We show how our blinding technique can be combined with the privacy preserving GSHADE protocol to privately compare biometric feature vectors using a variety of distance metrics with negligible overhead in computation time. We then construct a complete privacy preserving remote fingerprint authentication system based on the Euclidean Distance metric, and show that a user can authenticate using privacy preserving techniques in as little as 1.5 seconds. This work provides a template for designing low cost blinding techniques for biometric authentication systems, and shows a practical use case for secure multiparty computation protocols in remote authentication systems.
Rethinking Project Management Did We Miss Marketing Management?

Contemporary practice of project management is rapidly developing through interaction with emerging new practices that focuses on achieving better project performances by employing complementary management practices. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential synergetic interaction between project management and marketing management practice. The findings indicated that using marketing practices in project management is evident and that project marketing management is an emerging practice that will bust projects performances to the top. The results also suggest that further research in this field is an order for development of both project management theory and practice.
Use of strategic marketing management tools in contemporary enterprises

This article aims at a brief presentation of problems with the use of strategic marketing management tools in enterprises, which are becoming a basic category of strategic management. The author has resigned from analysing specific management solutions and focused mainly on theoretical issues with a wide scope of reference. First, the author presents a terminology network, which is slightly disregarded in the Polish literature. Next, the author makes an attempt to outline basic problems, including the problems connected with the preferences of managerial choices and the advantages of their proper use. The author's comments are intended to trigger further detailed empirical research.
On the error detection capability of combined LDPC and CRC codes for space telecommand transmissions
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC)

We present a method for estimating the undetected error rate when a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is performed on the output of the decoder of short low density parity check (LDPC) codes. This system is of interest for telecommand links, where new LDPC codes have been designed for updating the current standard. We show that these new LDPC codes combined with CRC are adequate for complying with the stringent requirements of this kind of transmissions in terms of error detection.
Mobile apps for reflection in learning: A design research in K 12 education
Venue: Br. J. Educ. Technol.

This study takes a design based research approach to explore how applications designed for mobile devices could support reflection in learning in K 12 education. Use of mobile devices is increasing in schools. Most of the educational apps support single person use of interactive learning materials, simulations and learning games. Apps designed to correspond to collaborative learning paradigms, such as collaborative progressive inquiry or project based learning, are scarce. In these pedagogical approaches, reflection plays an important role. This paper presents a design based research study of mobile device apps, Re Flex and Team Up, that are specifically designed for use in student centred and collaborative school learning, in which continuous reflection is an important part of the learning process. The design of the apps has relied on earlier research on digital tools for reflection and research about mobile devices in classroom learning. The design of the apps was accomplished as part of the qualitative design based research conducted with a total of 165 teachers in 13 European countries. As a characteristic for a design based research, the results of the study are twofold: practical and theoretical. The apps designed, Re Flex and Team Up, are practical results of the qualitative research carried out in schools with teachers and students to understand the design challenges and opportunities in schools, to renew their pedagogical practices and to take new tools in use. To understand better the capacity of the apps to facilitate reflection, we analysed the apps in light of earlier studies concerning the levels of reflection that digital tools may support and categorisations of affordances that mobile device apps may provide for classroom learning. Our research indicates that there is potential for fostering the practice of reflection in classroom learning through the use of apps for audio visual recordings.