nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Half precision Self walking Variable Fertilization Seeder Design

The half precision fertilization seeder of rice and wheat is designed against the problems of large straw mulching quantity, high soil water content, the traditional rice and wheat seeder easily blocked and poor fertilization seeding uniformity in Jianghuai region. The machine uses the rotary tillage stubble cleaning way to actively block and improves the traditional furrowing fertilization seeding method easy to cause winding grass. Electric control mode is used to drive the seed fertilizer shaft for sowing and fertilizing, the machine can carry on the straw returning to field, applying fertilizer, sowing, covering earth, rolling and other operations at one time, and can achieve the goal of half precision fertilization seeding rice and wheat. The test results show that the machine has good anti blocking performance and high operation efficiency. It works stably and reliably, and the various technical indexes meet the requirements of precision and half precision mechanization planting, suitable for rice and wheat.
Environmental and economic benefits of variable rate nitrogen fertilization in a nitrate vulnerable zone.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

Agronomic input and management practices have traditionally been applied uniformly on agricultural fields despite the presence of spatial variability of soil properties and landscape position. When spatial variability is ignored, uniform agronomic management can be both economically and environmentally inefficient. The objectives of this study were to: i) identify optimal N fertilizer rates using an integrated spatio temporal analysis of yield and site specific N rate response; ii) test the sensitivity of site specific N management to nitrate leaching in response to different N rates; and iii) demonstrate the environmental benefits of variable rate N fertilizer in a Nitrate Vulnerable Zone. This study was carried out on a 13.6 ha field near the Venice Lagoon, northeast Italy over four years (2005 2008) We utilized a validated crop simulation model to evaluate crop response to different N rates at specific zones in the field based on localized soil and landscape properties under rainfed conditions. The simulated rates were: 50 kg N ha( 1) applied at sowing for the entire study area and increasing fractions, ranging from 150 to 350 kg N ha( 1) applied at V6 stage. Based on the analysis of yield maps from previous harvests and soil electrical resistivity data, three management zones were defined. Two N rates were applied in each of these zones, one suggested by our simulation analysis and the other with uniform N fertilization as normally applied by the producer. N leaching was lower and net revenue was higher in the zones where variable rates of N were applied when compared to uniform N fertilization. This demonstrates the efficacy of using crop models to determine variable rates of N fertilization within a field and the application of variable rate N fertilizer to achieve higher profit and reduce nitrate leaching.
Variable rate fertilization in citrus: a long term study
Venue: Precision Agriculture

Variable rate technology allows application of inputs according to the field spatial variability. Citrus fields can be significantly variable in either soil or plant aspects. Thus, variable rate fertilization seems to be an adequate approach to deal with this issue. However, its effects on input consumption, yield and other crop factors have not yet been assessed during long term experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of variable rate fertilization on the input consumption, soil fertility and yield during a long term experiment in citrus. A strip experiment was established in two 25 ha citrus fields in Sao Paulo, Brazil, to compare variable rate against uniform rate fertilization. This experiment was carried out during 6 years. Variable rate prescriptions were based on soil and leaf grid sampling and on yield maps. Uniform applications were based on conventional soil sampling and average yield data. Variable rate treatment resulted in significant reduction in input consumption, but different soil fertility and yield responses were obtained by the variable rate in each field. Field 1 presented higher variability regarding soil and topography. Variable rate application resulted in a better soil fertility management and yield increase in this field. Field 2, which was less variable regarding soil and topography, got poorer results from variable rate treatment regarding soil fertility and yield response. Either way, variable rate technology resulted in higher fertilizer agronomic efficiency in both fields. N, P, and K fertilizers resulted in more fruit yield when applied site specifically.
Progress in characterizing the multidimensional color quality properties of white LED light sources
Venue: SPIE OPTO

With the introduction of solid state light sources, the variety in emission spectra is almost unlimited. However, the set of standardized parameters to characterize a white LED light source, such as correlated color temperature (CCT) and CIE general color rendering index (Ra) is known to be limited and insufficient for describing perceived differences between light sources. Several characterization methods have been proposed over the past decades, but their contribution to perceived color quality has not always been validated. To gain more insight in the relevant characteristics of the emission spectra for specific applications, we have conducted a perception experiment to rate the attractiveness of three sets of objects, including fresh food, packaging materials and skin tones. The objects were illuminated with seven different combinations of Red, Green, Blue, Amber and White LEDs, all with the same CCT and illumination level, but with differences in Ra and color saturation. The results show that, in general, object attractiveness does not correlate well with Ra, but shows a positive correlation with saturation increase for two out of three applications. There is no clear relation between saturation and skin tone attractiveness, partly due to differences in preference between males and females. A relative gamut area index (Ga) represents the average change in saturation and a complementary color vector graphic shows the direction and magnitude of chromatic differences for the eight CIE 1974 test color samples. Together with the CIE general color rendering index (Ra) they provide useful information for designing and optimizing application specific emission spectra.
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells

I Introduction 1. Introduction to thin film photovoltaics II Device characterization 2. Fundamental electrical characterization of thin film solar cells 3. Electroluminescence analysis of thin film solar modules 4. Capacitance spectroscopy of thin film solar cells III Materials characterization 5. Characterizing the light trapping properties of textured surfaces with scanning near field optical microscopy 6. Ellipsometry 7. Photoluminescence analysis of Si and chalcopyrite type thin films for solar cells 8. Steady state photocarrier grating method 9. Time of flight analysis 10. Electron Spin Resonance on Si thin films for solar cells 11. Scanning probe microscopy on thin films for solar cells 12. Electron microscopy on thin films for solar cells 13. X ray and neutron diffraction of materials for thin film solar cells 14. Raman Spectroscopy on thin films for solar cells 15. Soft x ray and electron spectroscopy: a unique "tool chest" to characterize the chemical and electronic properties of surfaces and interfaces 16. Elemental distribution profiling of thin films for solar cells 17. Hydrogen effusion experiments IV Materials and device modelling 18. Ab initio modelling of semiconductors 19. One dimensional electro optical simulations of thin film solar cells 20. Two dimensional electrical simulations of thin film solar cells
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Operating Parameters during the Micro Electro Discharge Machining of Ni Based Alloy

Ni alloys have managed to cover wide range of applications such as automotive industries, oil gas industries, and aerospace industries. However, these alloys impose challenges while using conventional machining technologies. On the other hand, Micro Electro Discharge machining (micro EDM) is a nonconventional machining method that uses controlled sparks energy to remove material irrespective of the materials hardness. There has been always a huge interest from the industries for developing optimum methodology and parameters in order to enhance the productivity of micro EDM in terms of reducing machining time and tool wear for different alloys. Therefore, the aims of this study are to investigate the effects of the micro EDM process parameters, in order to find their optimal values. The input process parameters include voltage, capacitance, and electrode rotational speed, whereas the output parameters considered are machining time, entrance diameter of hole, overcut, tool wear, and crater size. The surface morphology and element characterization are also investigated with the use of SEM and EDX analysis. The experimental result indicates the reduction of machining time with the increment of discharge energy. Discharge energy also contributes to the enlargement of entrance diameter as well as overcut. In addition, tool wears show reduction with the increase of discharge energy. Moreover, crater size is found to be increased in size along with the increment of discharge energy.  Micro EDM, Ni alloy, discharge energy, microholes.
Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Pathways.
Venue: Cancer cell

Genome wide cancer mutation analyses are revealing an extensive landscape of functional mutations within the noncoding genome, with profound effects on the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) While the exquisite regulation of lncRNA transcription can provide signals of malignant transformation, we now understand that lncRNAs drive many important cancer phenotypes through their interactions with other cellular macromolecules including DNA, protein, and RNA. Recent advancements in surveying lncRNA molecular mechanisms are now providing the tools to functionally annotate these cancer associated transcripts, making these molecules attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in the fight against cancer.
An analysis of surface proteomics results reveals novel candidates for intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins in bacteria.
Venue: Molecular bioSystems

Proteins expressed on the bacterial cell surface play important roles in infection and virulence and can be targets for vaccine development or used as biomarkers. Surprisingly, an increasing number of surface proteins are being found to be identical to intracellular enzymes and chaperones, and a few dozen intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins have been found that have different functions inside the cell and on the cell surface. The results of twenty two published bacterial surface proteomics studies were analyzed using bioinformatics tools to consider how many additional intracellular proteins are also found on the cell surface. More than 1000 out of the 3619 proteins observed on the cell surface lack the transmembrane alpha helices or transmembrane beta barrels found in integral membrane proteins and also lack the signal peptides found in proteins secreted through the Sec pathway. Many of the proteins found on the cell surface are intracellular chaperones or enzymes involved in central metabolic pathways, including some that have previously been shown to have a moonlighting function on the cell surface in at least one species, such as Hsp60/GroEL, DnaK, glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase. The results of the proteomics studies suggest they could also be moonlighting on the surface of many other species. Hundreds of other intracellular proteins are also found on the cell surface, although a second function on the surface has not yet been demonstrated, for example, glutamine synthetase, gamma glutamyl phosphate reductase, and cysteine desulfurase. The presence of intracellular proteins on the cell surface is more common than previously expected and suggests that many additional proteins might be candidates for being intracellular/surface moonlighting proteins.
LTL UDE EmpiriST 2015: Tokenization and PoS Tagging of Social Media Text
Venue: WAC@ACL

We present a detailed description of our submission to the EmpiriST shared task 2015 for tokenization and part of speech tagging of German social media text. As relatively little training data is provided, neither tokenization nor PoS tagging can be learned from the data alone. For tokenization, our system uses regular expressions for general cases and word lists for exceptions. For PoS tagging, adding unsupervised knowledge beyond the available training data is the most important factor for reaching acceptable tagging accuracy. A learning curve experiment shows furthermore that more in domain training data is very likely to further increase accuracy.
Design of efficient molecular organic light emitting diodes by a high throughput virtual screening and experimental approach.
Venue: Nature materials

Virtual screening is becoming a ground breaking tool for molecular discovery due to the exponential growth of available computer time and constant improvement of simulation and machine learning techniques. We report an integrated organic functional material design process that incorporates theoretical insight, quantum chemistry, cheminformatics, machine learning, industrial expertise, organic synthesis, molecular characterization, device fabrication and optoelectronic testing. After exploring a search space of 1.6 million molecules and screening over 400,000 of them using time dependent density functional theory, we identified thousands of promising novel organic light emitting diode molecules across the visible spectrum. Our team collaboratively selected the best candidates from this set. The experimentally determined external quantum efficiencies for these synthesized candidates were as large as 22%
To Study the Inclination of Consumers in Baner Area in Relation to the Online Food Ordering

President Barack Obama said in one of his speeches "India is not simply emerging, it has emerged" Over the past few years the entire environment in India has changed tremendously. People are diversifying their career choices and not following the traditional. Online Ordering: Online ordering means a website or mobile based application designed to use in the food delivery ecosystem. It is similar to ordering a book, phone or garment through the e commerce websites like Flipkart, Amazon, Snapdeal etc. This arena is gaining popularity because the labour cost is highly reduced. It thus helps restaurant owners in some or the other way who are already facing manpower shortage. A small scale new start up will get favoured, since the online ordering system will provide necessary visibility to the food outlet. The customers can visit restaurant search and discovery websites like zomato.com where the reviews of other customers is available and learn about the various offering and the price. It becomes very convenient for customer to order directly through website or app. Restaurants can offer online ordering through their own website or app, through a multi restaurant site or app (e.g. Foodpanda.in, Tinyowl.com, Zomato.com) etc.
How Knowledge Flows Through Social Networks and Communities of Practice in a Healthcare Project

The purpose of this book chapter is to study to what extend social networks and communities of practice among research projects as a channel for source knowledge and building. The following section present the theoretical framework on knowledge flows through off line and on line environments that faster conversations and engagement. Such communities and online groups span various boundaries and include networked employees, video conferencing, and electronic community groups pursuing such diverse activities as planning, information sharing, collaborating, system developing, and advertising. Researchers are just beginning to understand virtual communities and collaborations. Many issues need further study, including group dynamics and outcomes, social networking implications.
Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes: Catalysts for Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology

Throughout the text, emphasis is placed on methodology development to maximize efficiency, reliability and speed of the experiments and to provide guidelines for efficient protein engineering. Professor Reetz highlights the application of directed evolution experiments to address limitations in the field of enzyme selectivity, substrate scope, activity and robustness. He critically reviews recent developments and case studies, takes a look at future applications in the field of organic synthesis, and concludes with lessons learned from previous experiments.
Enzymes useful for chiral compound synthesis: structural biology, directed evolution, and protein engineering for industrial use
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Biocatalysts (enzymes) have many advantages as catalysts for the production of useful compounds as compared to chemical catalysts. The stereoselectivity of the enzymes is one advantage, and thus the stereoselective production of chiral compounds using enzymes is a promising approach. Importantly, industrial application of the enzymes for chiral compound production requires the discovery of a novel useful enzyme or enzyme function; furthermore, improving the enzyme properties through protein engineering and directed evolution approaches is significant. In this review, the significance of several enzymes showing stereoselectivity (quinuclidinone reductase, aminoalcohol dehydrogenase, old yellow enzyme, and threonine aldolase) in chiral compound production is described, and the improvement of these enzymes using protein engineering and directed evolution approaches for further usability is discussed. Currently, enzymes are widely used as catalysts for the production of chiral compounds; however, for further use of enzymes in chiral compound production, improvement of enzymes should be more essential, as well as discovery of novel enzymes and enzyme functions.
Low Cost Realtime Horizontal Curve Detection Using Inertial Sensors of a Smartphone
Venue: 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall)

Fatal accidents occur frequently on low volume rural roads, and the accident rates are up to 4 times higher at curves. It is thus of paramount importance to perform road inventory of rural roads to develop safety plans. However, most states in U.S. face a challenge to maintain a database for low volume rural roads due to limited funds for road inventory. In this paper, we propose to significantly reduce the cost for road inventory specifically focusing on horizontal curve detection by developing a mobile road inventory system based on off the shelf smartphones. The proposed system is capable of accurately detecting various kinds of horizontal curves by synthesizing heterogeneous smartphone sensor data to generate curve models by exploiting a machine learning technique. We implemented the system on iOS based smartphones and tested with more than 400 miles of field data. We demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a median of 93.8% curve identification accuracy with a median of 5% false positive rates.
An efficient curve detection algorithm

This paper presents a highly efficient algorithm for the detection of lines, circles, and ellipses. The algorithm uses a novel method for the determination of candidate curves, and no accumulator is needed to save the information of the related parameters. We first define a curve parameter by random sampling and then calculate the amount of points on the curve after selecting several test points in the test area. If the amount of points on this curve is larger than a certain threshold, the curve is then considered as a candidate curve. Afterwards, the evidence collecting process will be used to further affirm whether this candidate curve is true or not. A large number of experiments have shown that this new method has the advantage of a faster speed of about one to two orders of magnitude compared with the randomized Hough transform algorithm. Besides, it also has a higher detection accuracy and strong robustness.
Supply chain readiness, response and recovery for resilience

Despite the proliferation of supply chain risk management (SCRM) studies, a theoretically supported and empirically validated study on justifying the antecedents and measurement dimensions of supply chain resilience (SCRE) is rare. Therefore, drawing on extensive literature review, this study aims to explore and validate the antecedents and the measurement dimensions of SCRE.  This study uses positivist paradigm using quantitative method. However, it also uses qualitative approach in the form of field study to contextualize the research model. The quantitative study is conducted by operationalising a survey research. Partial least square based structural equation modelling has been used to analyze the data.  Study results suggest that the psychometric properties of the SCRE dimensions, supply chain readiness, response and recovery, are reliable and valid. It also affirms that supply chain orientation (SCO) learning and development and supply chain risk management culture (SCRMC) significantly influence the SCRE. Further, SCRMC mediates the relationship between SCO and SCRE.  The findings of this study will assist the supply chain managers in taking decision on readiness capability development and reducing the decisional uncertainty during response and recovery.  Drawing on extensive extant literature on crisis management and supply chain management, this study develops and validates the measurement dimensions of SCRE in terms of readiness, response and recovery, as well as justifies the antecedent factors of SCRE, which is a novel attempt in SCRM literature.
Resisting Linguistic Imperialism: A Response to the "Chinese Dream."

China, one of the world's oldest civilisations and now routinely cited as the world's second largest economy, has declared its ambition to rejuvenate and prosper under the government of President Xi Jinping. Since the slogan 'Chinese Dream' was promulgated in 2012, Chinese scholars have been made aware of a new impetus in the promotion of Chinese language and culture. However, globalisation has evidently generated (or played a role in generating) the spread of English as global Lingua Franca (particularly for culture, business and academic research) and this too has exerted a significant impact on China's national policies. This research paper sets out to investigate the reactions of Chinese scholars to the tensions created by these two 'forces' particularly as registered in the classroom discourse of university level teaching in English. The paper's central subject is the problem of imperialism through culture in this case, the cultural orientation (to knowledge and development) embedded, expressed and communicated by language. My findings are concerned with what is promulgated and what is resisted in terms of Westernisation and the phenomenon of 'linguistic imperialism' Through a scrutiny of a pedagogic context, the paper identifies a critical tension in China, central to the Chinese Dream, along the simultaneous rise of English and the return of Chinese history, philosophy and literature.