nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hamas A History From Within

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Major depressive disorder
Venue: Nature Reviews Disease Primers

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating disease that is characterized by depressed mood, diminished interests, impaired cognitive function and vegetative symptoms, such as disturbed sleep or appetite. MDD occurs about twice as often in women than it does in men and affects one in six adults in their lifetime. The aetiology of MDD is multifactorial and its heritability is estimated to be approximately 35% In addition, environmental factors, such as sexual, physical or emotional abuse during childhood, are strongly associated with the risk of developing MDD. No established mechanism can explain all aspects of the disease. However, MDD is associated with alterations in regional brain volumes, particularly the hippocampus, and with functional changes in brain circuits, such as the cognitive control network and the affective salience network. Furthermore, disturbances in the main neurobiological stress responsive systems, including the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and the immune system, occur in MDD. Management primarily comprises psychotherapy and pharmacological treatment. For treatment resistant patients who have not responded to several augmentation or combination treatment attempts, electroconvulsive therapy is the treatment with the best empirical evidence. In this Primer, we provide an overview of the current evidence of MDD, including its epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Efficacy and safety of adjunctive cariprazine in inadequate responders to antidepressants: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study in adult patients with major depressive disorder.
Venue: The Journal of clinical psychiatry

Cariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic currently under investigation as adjunctive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who have inadequate response to standard antidepressant therapy.  A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, flexible dose study was conducted from December 2011 to December 2013 in adults who met DSM IV TR criteria for MDD and had an inadequate antidepressant response. Eligible patients were randomized to 8 week adjunctive treatment with placebo (n 269) cariprazine 1 2 mg/d (n 274) or cariprazine 2 4.5 mg/d (n 276) The primary efficacy parameter was change from baseline to week 8 in Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score; P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Safety assessments included adverse events, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, electrocardiograms (ECGs) and suicidality.  Compared with placebo, reduction in MADRS total score at week 8 was significantly greater with adjunctive cariprazine 2 4.5 mg/d (least squares mean difference [LSMD] 2.2; adjusted P .0114) but not with cariprazine 1 2 mg/d (LSMD 0.9; adjusted P .2404) Significant LSMDs for MADRS total score change were detected at all earlier study visits (weeks 2, 4, 6) in the 2 to 4.5 mg/d group and at weeks 2 and 4 in the 1 to 2 mg/d group (all P values .05) Treatment emergent adverse events reported in 10% of patients in either cariprazine dosage group were akathisia (22.3% insomnia (13.6% and nausea (12.8% (all in 2 to 4.5 mg/d group) Mean changes in metabolic parameters, vital signs, and ECG parameters were generally similar between groups. No suicide related adverse events were reported.  These results show that adjunctive cariprazine 2 4.5 mg/d was effective and generally well tolerated in adults with MDD who had inadequate responses to standard antidepressants. Further clinical studies to confirm these results are warranted.
Nitrogen Doped Carbon Dots for "green" Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Venue: Nanoscale Research Letters

Considering the environment protection, "green" materials are increasingly explored for photovoltaics. Here, we developed a kind of quantum dots solar cell based on nitrogen doped carbon dots. The nitrogen doped carbon dots were prepared by direct pyrolysis of citric acid and ammonia. The nitrogen doped carbon dots' excitonic absorption depends on the N doping content in the carbon dots. The N doping can be readily modified by the mass ratio of reactants. The constructed "green" nitrogen doped carbon dots solar cell achieves the best power conversion efficiency of 0.79 under AM 1.5 G one full sun illumination, which is the highest efficiency for carbon dot based solar cells.
Assessment of Scientific Communication Self efficacy, Interest, and Outcome Expectations for Career Development in Academic Medicine
Venue: Journal of career assessment

Competency in forms of scientific communication, both written and spoken, is essential for success in academic science. This study examined the psychometric properties of three new measures, based on social cognitive career theory, that are relevant to assessment of skill and perseverance in scientific communication. Pre and postdoctoral trainees in biomedical science (N 411) completed online questionnaires assessing self efficacy in scientific communication, career outcome expectations, and interest in performing tasks in scientific writing, oral presentation, and impromptu scientific discourse. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate factor structures and model relations. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a 22 item, 3 factor measure of self efficacy; an 11 item, 2 factor measure of outcome expectations; and a 12 item, 3 factor measure of interest in scientific communication activities. Construct validity was further demonstrated by theory consistent inter factor relations and relations with typical communications performance behaviors (e.g. writing manuscripts, abstracts, and presenting at national meetings)
A review of irradiation stability of lithium hydride neutron shielding material

Lithium hydride remains theoretically the most efficient neutron shield material, showing immense application prospects. The properties of Lithium hydride neutron shielding material, such as use temperature, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and irradiation swelling behaviour, were reviewed. Factors that affect the irradiation swelling of Lithium hydride were also discussed in this paper. The development trends of lithium hydride neutron shielding material were proposed.
An Integrative Review of the Influence of Expectancies on Pain
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Expectancies can shape pain experiences. Attention for the influence of expectancies on pain has increased particularly due to research on placebo effects, of which expectancy is believed to be the core mechanism. In the current review, we provide a brief overview of the literature on the influence of expectancies on pain. We first discuss the central role of expectancy in the major psychological learning theories. Based on these theories, different kinds of expectancies can be distinguished. Pain experiences are influenced particularly by response expectancies directly pertaining to the pain experience itself, but can also be affected by self efficacy expectancies regarding one's ability to cope with pain, and possibly by stimulus expectancies regarding external events. These different kinds of expectancies might interact with each other, and related emotions and cognitions, as reflected by various multifaceted constructs in which expectancies are incorporated. Optimism and pain catastrophizing, in particular, but also hope, trust, worry, and neuroticism have been found to be associated with pain outcomes. We conclude with recommendations for further advancing research on the influence of expectancies on pain and for harnessing expectancy effects in clinical practice.
Forensics feature analysis in quaternion wavelet domain for distinguishing photographic images and computer graphics
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications

In this paper, a novel set of features based on Quaternion Wavelet Transform (QWT) is proposed for digital image forensics. Compared with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Contourlet Wavelet Transform (CWT) QWT produces the parameters, i.e. one magnitude and three angles, which provide more valuable information to distinguish photographic (PG) images and computer generated (CG) images. Some theoretical analysis are done and comparative experiments are made. The corresponding results show that the proposed scheme achieves 18 percents' improvements on the detection accuracy than Farid's scheme and 12 percents than Ozparlak's scheme. It may be the first time to introduce QWT to image forensics, but the improvements are encouraging.
Lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of moderate to severe binge eating disorder in adults: systematic review and exploratory meta analysis of publicly available placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials
Venue: Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment

Preliminary placebo controlled evidence paved the ground to the US Food and Drug Administration approval extension of lisdexamfetamine for the treatment of moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults.  To provide a preliminary qualitative and quantitative synthesis of the placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) considering the efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine in the acute and/or maintenance treatment of moderate to severe BED in adults.  A preliminary, yet comprehensive, systematic review was performed by accessing a broad range of resources providing publicly available data about lisdexamfetamine at the time of inquiry (March 2016) Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions were considered focusing on major clinical and functional outcomes of either efficacy or tolerability of lisdexamfetamine in the treatment of moderate to severe BED in adults.  Meta analysis of data pooled from three acute RCTs significantly favored lisdexamfetamine over placebo in the reduction of binge eating days/week, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Binge Eating total score, weight, response, and remission rates (all, P<=0.01) In contrast, discontinuation rates due to treatment emergent adverse events were significantly higher among patients in receipt of lisdexamfetamine (relative risk 2.19, P=0.04) versus placebo.  Publication, selection, performance, attrition, reporting, sponsorship, and "diagnostic shift" biases. Lack of inclusion of adverse event effects other than those requiring discontinuation of the trial(s) as well as lack of information about clinically relevant psychiatric or other medical comorbidities, limits the overall generalizability of pooled results.  led to significant reduction in a number of clinically relevant outcomes compared to placebo. Moreover, safety concerns related to adverse events, high discontinuation rates, and the need for additional long term maintenance of RCTs solicit careful monitoring of the drug in terms of overall safety and tolerability by further RCTs.
A review of big data environment and its related technologies
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES)

Big Data refers to large amount of data sets whose size is growing at a vast speed making it difficult to handle such large amount of data using traditional software tools available. This paper reviews the big data its back ground. First introduce general definition of big data and review on five phases of the value chain of big data (Components) such as, the quantity of data (Volume) the rate of data generation and transmission (Velocity) the types of structured, semi structured data and unstructured data (Variety) the important results from the filtered data (Value) and the trust and integrity (Veracity) Then focus on classification based on five categories: Data stores, Content format, Data sources, Data processing, and Data staging. Finally examined the several representatives related to technologies, such as Hadoop, Data Center, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things (IoT) These considerations aim to provide a complete overview and a big picture to readers of this exciting area.
Exposicao a violencia familiar e abuso intimo em jovens: que relacao?

Este estudo analisa a relacao entre a exposicao a violencia familiar e o abuso intimo juvenil. Para tal recorreu se a Escala de Sinalizacao do Ambiente Familiar Natural Infantil e a Escala de Taticas de Conflitos Revisada. Participaram no estudo 505 jovens com uma media de idades de 21.76 (DP 2.15) Os resultados revelaram altas taxas de prevalencia do abuso intimo, sendo a agressao psicologica a tipologia mais frequente, na perpetracao e vitimacao (52.3% 50.4% respetivamente) Apuraram se elevadas taxas de violencia (80.8% no contexto familiar, destacando se a violencia emocional (74.3% seguida do controlo (65.9% a coercao (34.5% e por fim, a violencia fisica (16.4% As analises de associacao comprovaram que existe uma relacao positiva entre o abuso intimo e a exposicao a violencia familiar. Reitera se, assim, a necessidade de criacao de medidas de prevencao e intervencao na violencia familiar, atendendo ao seu potencial impacto nas dinamicas intimas relacionais.
Cluster based cross view filtering for compressed multi view depth maps
Venue: 2016 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

In the field of multi view video coding, multi view plus depth video is an important data format, but it always suffers from quantization errors, which result in obvious artifacts in consequent virtual view rendering. In this paper, we propose a cluster based cross view filtering (CBF) scheme for the enhancement of compressed depth maps. In this scheme, reconstructed depth information are mapped from cross view, and this information is benefit to the proposed filter. Then in filtering one viewpoint depth map with candidate information that are selected from non locally current and neighboring viewpoints. Specifically, in our scheme, candidates are clustered in 3D super pixel wise rather than block wise due to cross relationship among pixels in depth maps. The experimental results show that 2.0074 dB average gain can be obtained by our scheme, which suggests that the scheme outperforms than state of the art and classical filters in filtering the reconstructed depth maps.
Design of a multi frequency clocking circuit on an FPGA and analysis of its EMI emission
Venue: 2016 Asia Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC)

In this paper, we present a circuit design of multi frequency clocking for reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI) First, we propose a generalized multi frequency clocking (MFC) circuit. Then, to evaluate its impact on EMI reduction, we design a simple synchronous circuit with the proposed MFC scheme. Our design is implemented in a commercial Xilinx FPGA Spartan 3 device. Our approach shows that we achieve 1.3 dB, 4 dB, 5.7dB of EMI reduction with the MFC employing 2 frequency, 4 frequency, and 8 frequency components, respectively when compared to the single frequency clocking in synchronous circuit.
Missense Mutations in the Unfoldase ClpC1 of the Caseinolytic Protease Complex Are Associated with Pyrazinamide Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Venue: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Previously, we showed that mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosispanD, involved in coenzyme A biosynthesis, cause resistance against pyrazinoic acid, the bioactive component of the prodrug pyrazinamide. To identify additional resistance mechanisms, we isolated mutants resistant against pyrazinoic acid and subjected panD wild type strains to whole genome sequencing. Eight of the nine resistant strains harbored missense mutations in the unfoldase ClpC1 associated with the caseinolytic protease complex.
Population based resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones: results from a multicountry surveillance project
Venue: The Lancet. Infectious diseases

Pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones are essential antituberculosis drugs in new rifampicin sparing regimens. However, little information about the extent of resistance to these drugs at the population level is available.  In a molecular epidemiology analysis, we used population based surveys from Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, and South Africa to investigate resistance to pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones among patients with tuberculosis. Resistance to pyrazinamide was assessed by gene sequencing with the detection of resistance conferring mutations in the pncA gene, and susceptibility testing to fluoroquinolones was conducted using the MGIT system.  Pyrazinamide resistance was assessed in 4972 patients. Levels of resistance varied substantially in the surveyed settings (3*0 42*1% In all settings, pyrazinamide resistance was significantly associated with rifampicin resistance. Among 5015 patients who underwent susceptibility testing to fluoroquinolones, proportions of resistance ranged from 1*0 16*6% for ofloxacin, to 0*5 12*4% for levofloxacin, and 0*9 14*6% for moxifloxacin when tested at 0*5 mg/mL. High levels of ofloxacin resistance were detected in Pakistan. Resistance to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin when tested at 2 mg/mL was low in all countries.  Although pyrazinamide resistance was significantly associated with rifampicin resistance, this drug may still be effective in 19 63% of patients with rifampicin resistant tuberculosis. Even though the high level of resistance to ofloxacin found in Pakistan is worrisome because it might be the expression of extensive and unregulated use of fluoroquinolones in some parts of Asia, the negligible levels of resistance to fourth generation fluoroquinolones documented in all survey sites is an encouraging finding. Rational use of this class of antibiotics should therefore be ensured to preserve its effectiveness.
Prospective randomized study of endoscopic biliary stone extraction using either a basket or a balloon catheter: the BasketBall study
Venue: Journal of Gastroenterology

BackgroundIn Japan and Europe, a retrieval basket is generally used for endoscopic extraction of bile duct stones, while in the US, a retrieval balloon is mainly used. However, the efficacies of these two devices have not been previously compared. Therefore, the present multicenter, prospective, randomized study was performed to compare the efficacies of these two devices for endoscopic biliary stone extraction.MethodsThis study was designed as a non inferiority study in comparing a basket removal with a balloon removal. Six Japanese institutions participated in this study, which included 184 patients with bile duct stones <11 mm in diameter with no limitation in the number of stones. The stones were identified and measured during ERCP, after which the patients were randomly assigned to undergo endoscopic stone extraction using either a basket catheter or a balloon catheter. The primary end point was the rate of complete removals of stones within 10 min, and the secondary end point was the rate of procedure related complications.ResultsThere were 91 patients in the basket group and 93 in the balloon group. The rate of successful stone extraction within 10 min was 81.3 (74/91) in the basket group and 83.9 (78/93) in the balloon group (p 0.7000) The complication rate was 6.6 in the basket group and 11.8 in the balloon group (p 0.3092) Complications included bleeding, pancreatitis, and cholangitis.ConclusionsBasket and balloon catheters showed similar efficacies for endoscopic biliary stone extraction when stone size is 11 mm or smaller.
DETERMINATS OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN ROMANIAN COUNTIES. A PANEL VAR APPROACH

In this study a panel vector autoregressive model (panel VAR) was built in order to explain the determinants of regional unemployment rate in Romania. Data refers to the 42 Romanian counties, including Bucharest, over 2000 2013. Most of the variation in unemployment rate modification in the current period compared to previous period is due to changes in social protection expenses for unemployed people. A causal relationship was identified between the two variables in Granger terms.
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity, Currency Pegs, and Involuntary Unemployment
Venue: Journal of Political Economy

This paper analyzes the inefficiencies arising from the combination of fixed exchange rates, nominal rigidity, and free capital mobility. We document that nominal wages are downwardly rigid in emerging countries. We develop an open economy model that incorporates this friction. The model predicts that the combination of a currency peg and free capital mobility creates a negative externality that causes overborrowing during booms and high unemployment during contractions. Optimal capital controls are shown to be prudential. For plausible calibrations, they reduce unemployment by around 5 percentage points. The optimal exchange rate policy eliminates unemployment and calls for large devaluations during crises.
Unemployment and Business Cycles

We develop and estimate a general equilibrium search and matching model that accounts for key business cycle properties of macroeconomic aggregates, including labor market variables. In sharp contrast to leading New Keynesian models, we do not impose wage inertia. Instead we derive wage inertia from our specification of how firms and workers negotiate wages. Our model outperforms a variant of the standard New Keynesian Calvo sticky wage model. According to our estimated model, there is a critical interaction between the degree of price stickiness, monetary policy, and the duration of an increase in unemployment benefits.
ATMPs How to Successfully master Challenges and foster the Regulatory Success Rate

Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) bear game changing potential for the treatment of severe conditions for which we have no appropriate therapies today. The number of ATMPs reaching the market is expected to grow over the next decade. ATMPs comprise four distinct product categories, i.e. gene therapy medicinal products (GTMP) somatic cell therapy medicinal products (sCTMP) tissue engineered products (TEP) as well as combined ATMPs. Combined ATMPs contain one or more medical devices as an integral part of the medicine. An example of this is cells embedded in a biodegradable matrix or scaffold. Though an EU regulatory framework is in place since 2008 and more than 900 ATMPs are in clinical trials, the number of authorized ATMPs with currently less than 10 is very low. Approximately 50 percent of the ATMP authorization applications are successful. This success rate is disappointing and significantly lower compared to other new therapeutic entities. Based on recent internal research data the overall success rate for new therapeutic entities at the time of approval is higher than 80 percent. In this article the following four key questions are discussed: