nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of choice on motivation for young children on the autism spectrum during discrete trial teaching

Self determination and decision making are acknowledged internationally as key rights of persons with disabilities and should play an important role in the development of educational plans and procedures. Not only is the chance for individuals with developmental disabilities to select their own tasks, leisure activities or reinforcers a valuable way of enhancing rights based education and personal dignity, but choice making opportunities may also function as a useful clinical or educational tool if they actually improve the efficacy of programmes aimed at the acquisition of socially relevant behaviours and life skills or the reduction of challenging behaviours. The study reported here assessed whether or not choice affected effectiveness of an educational procedure for three children on the autism spectrum. Following a preference assessment, a number of discrete teaching trials were conducted with each child and, contingent upon targeted responses, either the child or the therapist selected one of three preferred reinforcer items. Reinforcer choice did not affect intervention effectiveness for two of the children; however, performance and motivation improved for the third child.  re affirmed the importance of thorough preference assessments prior to intervention and showed that additional stimulus choice contingent on the target response may improve motivation and outcomes for some children.
Parents Motivation for Participation in Physical Activity for Children with Impairments

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of impairment type, child's gender, and parent's gender on parent's motives for letting their children with various impairments participate in physical activity. Participants were 184 Taiwanese parents (n=78 fathers, n=106 mothers) of elementary school age children with impairments. Parents' motives were assessed using the revised Exercise Participation Motives (EPM) scale (Wu Liao, 2011) Parents rated personal fitness and skill improvement, positive emotion and friendship, and teamwork as the top three reasons for their child's participation in physical activity. Differences in parents' motives by impairment and child's gender were not statistically significant. A significant effect of parent's gender on parents' motives was found only for the social enhancement construct on the EPM. The cross cultural similarity of the findings and impact of the results in regard to program planning and implementation for children with impairments and their families are discussed.
Combining Morphological Attribute Profiles via an Ensemble Method for Hyperspectral Image Classification
Venue: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Morphological attribute profiles (APs) are discriminant features in the spectral spatial classification of hyperspectral data. However, the optimal range of parameters in each filter is always a challenging yet important task, since an unsuitable range of parameters likely leads to inferior results. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose an ensemble method, which integrates multiple classification results based on a series of APs. The APs are obtained by using different filters with thresholds that are randomly selected from an arbitrarily defined range of parameters. Experimental results conducted on two hyperspectral images demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Self Assembled and Cross Linked Animal and Plant Based Polysaccharides: Chitosan Cellulose Composites and Their Anion Uptake Properties.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Self assembled and cross linked chitosan/cellulose glutaraldehyde composite materials (CGC) were prepared with enhanced surface area and variable morphology. FTIR, CHN, and 13C solid state NMR studies provided support for the cross linking reaction between the amine groups of chitosan and glutaraldehyde; whereas, XRD and TGA studies provided evidence of cellulose chitosan interactions for the composites. SEM, equilibrium swelling, and nitrogen adsorption studies corroborate the enhanced surface area and variable morphology of the cross linked biopolymers. Equilibrium sorption studies at alkaline conditions with phenolic dyes, along with single component and mixed naphthenates in aqueous solution revealed variable uptake properties with the composites. The Freundlich isotherm model revealed that the composite at the highest levels of cross linker, CGC3, had the highest sorption affinity (KF; L mmol/g) for phenolphthalein (phth) followed by ortho nitrophenyl acetic acid (ONPAA) and para nitrophenol (PNP) as follows: Phth (5.03 x 10 1) ONPAA (2.28 x 10 1) PNP (8.49 x 10 2) The Sips isotherm model provided a good description of the sorption profile of single component and naphthenate mixtures. The monolayer uptake capacity (Qm; mg g 1) is given in parentheses: 2 hexyldecanoic acid (S1; 115 mg/g) 2 naphthoxyacetic acid (S3; 40.5 mg/g) trans 4 pentylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid (S2; 13.7 mg/g) By comparison, the Qm values for CGC3 with naphthenate mixtures (24.1 and 27.4 mg/g) according to UV spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI HRMS) The sorbent materials generally show greater uptake with naphthenates that possess lower vs higher double bond equivalence (DBE) values. Kinetic studies revealed that the sorption of phth adopted behavior described by the pseudo second order model, while uptake for S3 and naphthenate mixtures adopted pseudo first order behavior. This study contributes to a greater understanding of the sorption properties of the two types of abundant biopolymers and their composites by illustrating their tunable sorption properties. The key role of hydrophobic interactions for CGC materials was evidenced by the controlled sorptive uptake of carboxylate anions with variable molecular structure.
An Indoor Location Aware System for an IoT Based Smart Museum
Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal

The new technologies characterizing the Internet of Things (IoT) allow realizing real smart environments able to provide advanced services to the users. Recently, these smart environments are also being exploited to renovate the users' interest on the cultural heritage, by guaranteeing real interactive cultural experiences. In this paper, we design and validate an indoor location aware architecture able to enhance the user experience in a museum. In particular, the proposed system relies on a wearable device that combines image recognition and localization capabilities to automatically provide the users with cultural contents related to the observed artworks. The localization information is obtained by a Bluetooth low energy (BLE) infrastructure installed in the museum. Moreover, the system interacts with the Cloud to store multimedia contents produced by the user and to share environment generated events on his/her social networks. Finally, several location aware services, running in the system, control the environment status also according to users' movements. These services interact with physical devices through a multiprotocol middleware. The system has been designed to be easily extensible to other IoT technologies and its effectiveness has been evaluated in the MUST museum, Lecce, Italy.
Effects of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality on Visitor Experiences in Museum
Venue: ENTER

This study aims to investigate the impact of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) on the overall visitor experience in the context of museum. In tourism research, few attempts have been made to examine factors which enhance visitor experience using new and emerging technologies such as VR AR respectively, however research on visitor experience in the mixed environment by combining both VR AR is scarce. In particular, this study examined the impact of social presence on visitor experience in the mixed (VR AR) environment by applying social presence theory and experience economy theory. Questionnaires administered to 163 museum visitors revealed that social presence in mixed (VR AR) environments is a strong predictor of four realms of experience economy. Furthermore, all aspects of experience economy, except for esthetic experience, have a significant influence on visitor experience, which consequently induce the tourists' intention to revisit Geevor museum. The results of this study provide theoretical and managerial implications for adoption of VR AR technologies in museum.
An Analysis of Visitors' Behavior in the Louvre Museum: A Study Using Bluetooth Data
Venue: ArXiv

Museums often suffer from so called 'hypercongestion' wherein the number of visitors exceeds the capacity of the physical space of the museum. This can potentially be detrimental to the quality of visitors' experiences, through disturbance by the behavior and presence of other visitors. Although this situation can be mitigated by managing visitors' flow between spaces, a detailed analysis of visitor movement is required to realize fully and apply a proper solution to the problem. In this paper we analyze visitors' sequential movements, the spatial layout, and the relationship between them in a large scale art museum The Louvre Museum using anonymized data collected through noninvasive Bluetooth sensors. This enables us to unveil some features of visitor behavior and spatial impact that shed some light on the mechanisms of museum overcrowding. The analysis reveals that the visiting styles of short stay and long stay visitors are not as significantly different as one might expect. Both types of visitors tend to visit a similar number of key locations in the museum while the longer stay visitors just tend to do so more time extensively. In addition, we reveal that some ways of exploring the museum appear frequently for both types of visitors, although long stay visitors might be expected to diversify much more, given the greater time spent in the museum. We suggest that these similarities and dissimilarities make for an uneven distribution of the number of visitors in the museum space. The findings increase the understanding of the unknown behaviors of visitors, which is key to improving the museum's environment and visitor experience.
in The Metropolitan Museum of Art

B AC K G R O U N D The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the world's largest encyclopedic art museums with artworks spanning more than 5,000 years from all corners of the globe. The multi cultural richness of the collection positions the Met as a truly global museum; it is a must see museum for tourists, and a source of enormous pride for New Yorkers. Now, the Met is spreading this message to tourists and locals alike through an institutional advertising campaign.
Duty to Inform and Informed Consent in Diagnostic Radiology: How Ethics and Law can Better Guide Practice
Venue: HEC forum an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals' ethical and legal issues

Although there is consensus on the fact that ionizing radiation used in radiological examinations can affect health, the stochastic (random) nature of risk makes it difficult to anticipate and assess specific health implications for patients. The issue of radiation protection is peculiar as any dosage received in life is cumulative, the sensitivity to radiation is highly variable from one person to another, and between 20 and 50 of radiological examinations appear not to be necessary. In this context, one might reasonably assume that information and patient consent would play an important role in regulating radiological practice. However, there is to date no clear consensus regarding the nature and content of or even need for consent by patients exposed to ionizing radiation. While law and ethics support the same principles for respecting the dignity of the person (inviolability and integrity) in the context of radiology practice, they do not provide a consistent message to guide clinical decision making. This article analyzes the issue of healthcare professionals' duty to inform and obtain patient consent for radiological examinations. Considering that both law and ethics have as one of their aims to protect vulnerable populations, it is important that they begin to give greater attention to issues raised by the use of ionizing radiation in medicine. While the situation in Canada serves as a backdrop for a reflective analysis of the problem, the conclusions are pertinent for professional practice in other jurisdictions because the principles underlying health law and jurisprudence are fairly general.
Inhibition of nitrification to mitigate nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in grazed grassland: a review
Venue: Journal of Soils and Sediments

PurposeClimate change is arguably the biggest environmental challenge facing humanity today. Livestock production systems are a major source of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with a long term global warming potential 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrate (NO3 leaching from soil causes water contamination, and this is a major environmental issue worldwide. Agriculture is identified as the dominant source for NO3 in surface and ground waters. In grazed grassland systems where animals graze outdoor pastures, most of the N2O and NO3 are from nitrogen (N) returned to the soil in the excreta of the grazing animal, particularly the urine. This paper reviews published literature on the use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) to treat grazed pasture soils to mitigate NO3 leaching and N2O emissions. and ammonia oxidising archaea (AOA) that are responsible for ammonia oxidation in the urine patch areas of grazed pastures; the effectiveness of NIs, such as dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4 dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in inhibiting the growth and activity of ammonia oxidisers; the efficacy of DCD and DMPP in reducing NO3 leaching and N2O emissions in grazed pastures; additional benefits of using NI in grazed pasture, including increased pasture production, decreased cation leaching and decreased NO3 concentrations in plants; and major factors that may affect the efficacy of NIs.Results and discussionResearch from a number of laboratory and field studies have conclusively demonstrated that treating grazed pasture soils with a NI, such as DCD, is an effective means of reducing NO3 leaching and N2O emissions from grazed livestock production systems. Results show that N2O emissions from animal urine N can be reduced by an average of 57 and NO3 leaching from animal urine patches can be reduced by 30 to 50 The NI technology has been shown to be effective under a wide range of soil and environmental conditions. The NI technology also provides other benefits, including increased pasture production, reduced cation (Ca2+ Mg2+ and K+ leaching and reduced NO3 concentration in pasture plants which would reduce the risk of NO3 poisoning for the animal.ConclusionsThe use of NIs such as DCD to treat grazed pasture soil is a scientifically sound and practically viable technology that can effectively mitigate NO3 leaching and N2O emissions in grazed livestock production systems.
Comprar Motor Control. Translating Research Into Clinical Practice (International Edition) 5th Ed. Anne Shumway Cook 9781496347725 Lippincott Williams Wilkins

Tienda online donde Comprar Motor Control. Translating Research Into Clinical Practice (International Edition) 5th Ed. al precio 56,05 EUR de Anne Shumway Cook Marjorie H. Woollacott, tienda de Libros de Medicina, Libros de Fisioterapia y rehabilitacion Fisioterapia general
Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies engaging muscle synergies improve motor control after spinal cord injury
Venue: Nature Medicine

Electrical neuromodulation of lumbar segments improves motor control after spinal cord injury in animal models and humans. However, the physiological principles underlying the effect of this intervention remain poorly understood, which has limited the therapeutic approach to continuous stimulation applied to restricted spinal cord locations. Here we developed stimulation protocols that reproduce the natural dynamics of motoneuron activation during locomotion. For this, we computed the spatiotemporal activation pattern of muscle synergies during locomotion in healthy rats. Computer simulations identified optimal electrode locations to target each synergy through the recruitment of proprioceptive feedback circuits. This framework steered the design of spatially selective spinal implants and real time control software that modulate extensor and flexor synergies with precise temporal resolution. Spatiotemporal neuromodulation therapies improved gait quality, weight bearing capacity, endurance and skilled locomotion in several rodent models of spinal cord injury. These new concepts are directly translatable to strategies to improve motor control in humans.
Mechanosensation and Adaptive Motor Control in Insects
Venue: Current Biology

The ability of animals to flexibly navigate through complex environments depends on the integration of sensory information with motor commands. The sensory modality most tightly linked to motor control is mechanosensation. Adaptive motor control depends critically on an animal's ability to respond to mechanical forces generated both within and outside the body. The compact neural circuits of insects provide appealing systems to investigate how mechanical cues guide locomotion in rugged environments. Here, we review our current understanding of mechanosensation in insects and its role in adaptive motor control. We first examine the detection and encoding of mechanical forces by primary mechanoreceptor neurons. We then discuss how central circuits integrate and transform mechanosensory information to guide locomotion. Because most studies in this field have been performed in locusts, cockroaches, crickets, and stick insects, the examples we cite here are drawn mainly from these 'big insects' However, we also pay particular attention to the tiny fruit fly, Drosophila, where new tools are creating new opportunities, particularly for understanding central circuits. Our aim is to show how studies of big insects have yielded fundamental insights relevant to mechanosensation in all animals, and also to point out how the Drosophila toolkit can contribute to future progress in understanding mechanosensory processing.
A Representation of Effort in Decision Making and Motor Control
Venue: Current Biology

Given two rewarding stimuli, animals tend to choose the more rewarding (or less effortful) option. However, they also move faster toward that stimulus [1 5] This suggests that reward and effort not only affect decision making, they also influence motor control [6, 7] How does the brain compute the effort requirements of a task? Here, we considered data acquired during walking, reaching, flying, or isometric force production. In analyzing the decision making and motor control behaviors of various animals, we considered the possibility that the brain may estimate effort objectively, via the metabolic energy consumed to produce the action. We measured the energetic cost of reaching and found that, like walking, it was convex in time, with a global minimum, implying that there existed a movement speed that minimized effort. However, reward made it worthwhile to be energetically inefficient. Using a framework in which utility of an action depended on reward and energetic cost, both discounted in time, we found that it was possible to account for a body of data in which animals were free to choose how to move (reach slow or fast) as well as what to do (walk or fly, produce force F1 or F2) We suggest that some forms of decision making and motor control may share a common utility in which the brain represents the effort associated with performing an action objectively via its metabolic energy cost and then, like reward, temporally discounts it as a function of movement duration.
The Roles of the Olivocerebellar Pathway in Motor Learning and Motor Control. A Consensus Paper
Venue: The Cerebellum

For many decades, the predominant view in the cerebellar field has been that the olivocerebellar system's primary function is to induce plasticity in the cerebellar cortex, specifically, at the parallel fiber Purkinje cell synapse. However, it has also long been proposed that the olivocerebellar system participates directly in motor control by helping to shape ongoing motor commands being issued by the cerebellum. Evidence consistent with both hypotheses exists; however, they are often investigated as mutually exclusive alternatives. In contrast, here, we take the perspective that the olivocerebellar system can contribute to both the motor learning and motor control functions of the cerebellum and might also play a role in development. We then consider the potential problems and benefits of it having multiple functions. Moreover, we discuss how its distinctive characteristics (e.g. low firing rates, synchronization, and variable complex spike waveforms) make it more or less suitable for one or the other of these functions, and why having multiple functions makes sense from an evolutionary perspective. We did not attempt to reach a consensus on the specific role(s) the olivocerebellar system plays in different types of movements, as that will ultimately be determined experimentally; however, collectively, the various contributions highlight the flexibility of the olivocerebellar system, and thereby suggest that it has the potential to act in both the motor learning and motor control functions of the cerebellum.
Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Array With Circular Polarization
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

A design for arrays with beam steering capability in the azimuthal plane is described. The array is a four sector antenna configuration, and each sector element can generate unidirectional radiation with circular polarization (CP) A reconfigurable 1x4 power divider with broadband operation is designed and used to excite the sector elements. By controlling PIN diodes, the divider can offer 11 states for the four outputs, and each state is corresponding to one CP radiation pattern of the array. Prototypes for the sector array and the tunable divider are, respectively, constructed, and the experimental results of the integrated structure demonstrate that, in addition to the beam steering capability, the array can also generate bidirectional and omnidirectional radiation patterns between 1.9 and 2.3 GHz. Moreover, these steerable beams and radiation patterns have a cross polarization of less than 18 dB for all azimuthal angles.
RURALS Review of Undergraduate Research in Agricultural and Life Sciences

Dry beans are considered an excellent source of folate. A mail out survey was conducted to measure the dry bean intake of women between the ages of 19 and 45 years and to estimate the amount of folate from beans in the diet. One hundred and seventy six women reported on the frequency with which they consume foods made with dry beans and the types of dry beans they have previously consumed. The average number of servings of food made with beans per month was 18.5, and the most commonly eaten food made with dry beans was refried beans, averaging 2 times per month. It was estimated that women, 19 45, consume approximately 21.67 mcg of folate from foods made with beans each day, making up a small portion of the recommended daily intake of 400 mcg per day. Most respondents reported having eaten kidney beans, and approximately two thirds of the respondents said they had consumed pinto beans, lima beans, and small red beans. Taste and nutrition were the top reasons participants included dry beans in their diet, although taste was also cited by 22% of the participants as the reason they chose not to consume dry beans.