nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
[Feeding disorders in infants and toddlers: At risk situations and predisposing factors]
Venue: Archives de pediatrie organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie

Feeding disorders and food refusal can be found in 25% of infants, with a minority of them having an organic explanation. Failure to thrive and/or severe malnutrition are found in 3 5% of infants in this population. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors of feeding disorders in infants and children less than 3 years of age. This study was conducted from January 2011 to December 2014 and included 103 children, 57 with feeding and/or eating disorders and 46 healthy children considered to be normal eaters. Parents participated in a structured interview and completed a data sheet to record the mode of delivery, neonatal status, medical history, milk feeding, and medical treatment. Statistical analysis indicated that cesarean delivery, prematurity, neonatal diseases, history of eating disorders in the family, consumption of protein hydrolysates, and treatment with proton pump inhibitors were highly significant risk factors in children with eating disorders. In the present study, we showed that several prenatal and postnatal conditions or interventions were associated with the development of eating disorders in young children. Recommendations for future studies include identifying environmental risk factors and implementing prevention programs focused on family, caregivers, as well as healthcare professionals. The objective is to allow physicians to efficiently sort out the wide variety of conditions, categorize them for therapy, and when necessary refer patients to specialists in the field.
The concept of health literacy in contemporary nursing

Health literacy is defined as a person's ability to act upon information about health and to effectively use such information to improve their health. The aim of this paper is to map the possibilities of applying this concept in contemporary nursing and to reveal the conditions for and against its use in the nursing profession. We used a content analysis of documents to process the presented study. The scientific databases of EBSCO, ProQuest, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Scopus were used for the material search between April and May 2016. Based on the analysis of the found sources, we can generally claim that the concept of health literacy can be applied in today's nursing. Thanks to their large representation in the medical population, nurses may therefore significantly contribute to improving the health literacy of the general public and may effectively influence the health care system. A necessary step to maximize health literacy in the nursing profession is a more intense integration of the mentioned issue into educational curricula. This step, however, is not the only solution. An unavoidable condition is the existence of nurses, with both the personal social and emotional competence, equipped with skills such as communication, empathy, listening and the willingness to devote more time to a patient. However, it is necessary to note that there was not a single Czech study dealing with the presented topic from the perspective of nursing. This fact seems to be a great challenge for all professionals in nursing and clinical practice.
Monitoring G protein coupled receptor and b arrestin trafficking in live cells using enhanced bystander BRET
Venue: Nature communications

Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of receptors are pivotal to maintain physiological functions and drug action; however, robust quantitative approaches are lacking to study such processes in live cells. Here we present new bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensors to quantitatively monitor G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and b arrestin trafficking. These sensors are based on bystander BRET and use the naturally interacting chromophores luciferase (RLuc) and green fluorescent protein (rGFP) from Renilla. The versatility and robustness of this approach are exemplified by anchoring rGFP at the plasma membrane or in endosomes to generate high dynamic spectrometric BRET signals on ligand promoted recruitment or sequestration of RLuc tagged proteins to, or from, specific cell compartments, as well as sensitive subcellular BRET imaging for protein translocation visualization. These sensors are scalable to high throughput formats and allow quantitative pharmacological studies of GPCR trafficking in real time, in live cells, revealing ligand dependent biased trafficking of receptor/b arrestin complexes.
Monitoring G protein coupled receptor and b arrestin trafficking in live cells using enhanced bystander

Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of receptors are pivotal to maintain physiological functions and drug action; however, robust quantitative approaches are lacking to study such processes in live cells. Here we present new bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) sensors to quantitatively monitor G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and b arrestin trafficking. These sensors are based on bystander BRET and use the naturally interacting chromophores luciferase (RLuc) and green fluorescent protein (rGFP) from Renilla. The versatility and robustness of this approach are exemplified by anchoring rGFP at the plasma membrane or in endosomes to generate high dynamic spectrometric BRET signals on ligand promoted recruitment or sequestration of RLuc tagged proteins to, or from, specific cell compartments, as well as sensitive subcellular BRET imaging for protein translocation visualization. These sensors are scalable to high throughput formats and allow quantitative pharmacological studies of GPCR trafficking in real time, in live cells, revealing liganddependent biased trafficking of receptor/b arrestin complexes.
Clinical Behavior of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in Young Patients: A Single Center Experience
Venue: Scientifica

There is not enough evidence about clinical behavior of bladder cancer in younger patients.  We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma patients under the age of 40 years.  Medical records of patients listed in our cancer database were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 40 patients who were initially diagnosed with bladder urothelial carcinoma at the age less than 40 years were included in the study. Patients' records were reviewed for recurrence and progression rates, demographic data, medical history, and treatment modalities.  Pathological results revealed 33 (82.5% Ta low grade, 6 (15% T1 high grade, and 1 (2.5% T2 high grade urothelial carcinomas. Recurrence was detected in 14/39 (35.9% patients but progression was not observed in any patients. The mean age of recurrent patients was significantly higher than nonrecurrent patients (34.8 versus 28.5 years; p 0.05) Besides, recurrence was detected in only 1 patient with the age under 30 years (6.2% and 13 patients (54.1% between 30 and 40 years old, respectively (p 0.05)  Bladder urothelial carcinoma diagnosed at young age tends to be a low pathologic stage, with relatively low rate of recurrence and progression.
Five Steps to Grow the Cuban Economy: What the US and Cuba Can Do in Obama's Final Year

The Cuban government has a dominant role to play in determining the future landscape of the country's financial markets. This is a multifaceted issue. Finance operates in combination with a constellation of other factors, including sound laws, institutions that respect property rights, and confidence that rules will not be arbitrarily changed to suit government activities. In addition, Cuban finance can be brought into the modern era only if financial firms and banks have access to information technology and computing power. President Obama will travel to Cuba on March 21st. With many of the diplomatic and political issues already resolved, financial matters could prove to be the leading edge of new cooperation between the two governments. While maneuvering space is limited by the congressionally imposed embargo, the US Treasury could move more quickly and decisively to promote the financial and economic development of Cuba. The US Treasury has a very specific role to play in removing obstacles to the creation of a viable financial system that will improve the lives of Cubans and build on the many regulatory openings since December 2014.
An Improved Hierarchical Kriging for Variable Fidelity Surrogate Modeling
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Cybernetics, Robotics and Control (CRC)

Variable fidelity (VF) modeling methods have been widely used in complex engineering system design to mitigate the computational burden. However, the existing VF modeling methods do not make full use of the mutual information between high fidelity (HF) and low fidelity (LF) models which may lead to low accuracy VF model. In this paper, a global VF modeling method named improved hierarchical kriging (IHK) is proposed, in which LF model is varied though a polynomial response surface (PRS) function to capture the tendency of HF model, and HF sample points are used to ensure the accuracy of the VF model. A numerical example and the modeling of aerodynamic coefficient for an aircraft are provided to demonstrate the approximation capability of IHK as well as other two metamodeling methods. Results show that IHK provides more accurate metamodel at the same simulation cost, that is very important in metamodel based engineering design problems.
An active learning metamodeling approach by sequentially exploiting difference information from variable fidelity models
Venue: Adv. Eng. Informatics

We propose an active learning variable fidelity metamodeling approach (AL VFM).Information from high fidelity and low fidelity models is integrated in AL VFM.An active learning strategy is introduced to use the already acquired information.Numerical and engineering cases verify the applicability of the proposed approach. Complex system engineering design optimization based on simulation is a very time consuming, even computationally prohibitive process. To relieve the computational burden, metamodels are commonly used to replace the computation intensive simulations. In this paper, an active learning variable fidelity (VF) metamodeling approach (AL VFM) is proposed for the purpose of integrating information from both low fidelity (LF) and high fidelity (HF) models. In AL VFM, Kriging metamodel is adopted to map the difference between the HF and LF models aiming to approach the HF model on the entire domain. Besides, a general active learning strategy is introduced in AL VFM to make full use of the already acquired information to guide the VF metamodeling. The already acquired information represents the location of regions where the differences between the HF and LF models are multi model, non smooth and have abrupt changes. Several numerical and engineering cases with different degrees of difficulty verify the applicability of the proposed VF metamodeling approach.
Adaptive Variable Fidelity Analysis and Design Using Dynamic Fidelity Indicators

The purpose of the current study is to develop a decision making model of a dynamic fidelity indicator (DFI) for adaptive variable fidelity (VF) analysis and to apply it to practical engineering problems, including computational design optimization. The biggest advantage is considerable computation efficiency while satisfying solution accuracy. Bayesian based DFI and difference based DFI are formulated as probabilistic model validation metrics to quantify model form uncertainties attributed to the VF analysis. Two adaptive VF surrogate models of the VF kriging with regression and sample reinterpolation and the simple VF kriging with an additive bridge function are developed. The VF kriging models are integrated with the DFIs into an efficient global optimization design framework for the design problems, which was further improved by the multipoint and multi objective infill sampling criteria. Validation of the developed framework is carried out with two analytic functions for solution optimality and compu.
Variable fidelity metamodel based analytical target cascading method for green design

Along with the increasing attention on the environment and resources, green design and green manufacturing has become a tendency nowadays. In order to mitigate the computational burden when solving green design problem of the complex engineering system, a variable fidelity metamodel based analytical target cascading framework (VFATC) is developed to explore the application of variable fidelity (VF) metamodels in analytical target cascading (ATC) In this VFATC framework, a VF approximation modeling method is developed, which employs both computationally efficient simplified (low fidelity, LF) and expensively detailed (high fidelity, HF) information. To efficiently integrate the LF and HF information, kriging is enhanced to scale LF model (LFM) to HF model (HFM) Then, the scaled LFM is used as an approximation model to replace the analysis models in VFATC. The effectiveness of VFATC framework is applied into a lightweight design problem of cantilever beams and a ship design problem with the objective of oil consumption reduction. Overall results show the VFATC methods introduced in this paper provide an effective way of improving computational efficiency of multidisciplinary green design optimization problems based on complex HF simulation models.
Is Butter Back? A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Butter Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Total Mortality
Venue: PloS one

Dietary guidelines recommend avoiding foods high in saturated fat. Yet, emerging evidence suggests cardiometabolic benefits of dairy products and dairy fat. Evidence on the role of butter, with high saturated dairy fat content, for total mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to systematically review and meta analyze the association of butter consumption with all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in general populations.  We searched 9 databases from inception to May 2015 without restriction on setting, or language, using keywords related to butter consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes. Prospective cohorts or randomized clinical trials providing estimates of effects of butter intake on mortality, cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease and stroke, or diabetes in adult populations were included. One investigator screened titles and abstracts; and two reviewed full text articles independently in duplicate, and extracted study and participant characteristics, exposure and outcome definitions and assessment methods, analysis methods, and adjusted effects and associated uncertainty, all independently in duplicate. Study quality was evaluated by a modified Newcastle Ottawa score. Random and fixed effects meta analysis pooled findings, with heterogeneity assessed using the I2 statistic and publication bias by Egger's test and visual inspection of funnel plots. We identified 9 publications including 15 country specific cohorts, together reporting on 636,151 unique participants with 6.5 million person years of follow up and including 28,271 total deaths, 9,783 cases of incident cardiovascular disease, and 23,954 cases of incident diabetes. No RCTs were identified. Butter consumption was weakly associated with all cause mortality (N 9 country specific cohorts; per 14g(1 tablespoon)/day: RR 1.01, 95%CI 1.00, 1.03, P 0.045) was not significantly associated with any cardiovascular disease (N 4; RR 1.00, 95%CI 0.98, 1.02; P 0.704) coronary heart disease (N 3; RR 0.99, 95%CI 0.96, 1.03; P 0.537) or stroke (N 3; RR 1.01, 95%CI 0.98, 1.03; P 0.737) and was inversely associated with incidence of diabetes (N 11; RR 0.96, 95%CI 0.93, 0.99; P 0.021) We did not identify evidence for heterogeneity nor publication bias.  This systematic review and meta analysis suggests relatively small or neutral overall associations of butter with mortality, CVD, and diabetes. These findings do not support a need for major emphasis in dietary guidelines on either increasing or decreasing butter consumption, in comparison to other better established dietary priorities; while also highlighting the need for additional investigation of health and metabolic effects of butter and dairy fat.
The association of substituting carbohydrates with total fat and different types of fatty acids with mortality and weight change among diabetes patients.
Venue: Clinical nutrition

Substitution of carbohydrates with fat in a diet for type 2 diabetes patients is still debated.  This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and isocaloric substitution with (i) total fat, (ii) saturated fatty acids (SFA) (iii) mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and (iv) poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with all cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality risk and 5 year weight change in patients with type 2 diabetes.  The study included 6192 patients with type 2 diabetes from 15 cohorts of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Dietary intake was assessed at recruitment with country specific food frequency questionnaires. Cox and linear regression were used to estimate the associations with (CVD) mortality and weight change, adjusting for confounders and using different methods to adjust for energy intake.  After a mean follow up of 9.2 y SD 2.3 y, 791 (13% participants had died, of which 268 (4% due to CVD. Substituting 10 g or 5 energy% of carbohydrates by total fat was associated with a higher all cause mortality risk (HR 1.07 [1.02 1.13] or SFAs (HR 1.25 [1.11 1.40] and a lower risk when replaced by MUFAs (HR 0.89 [0.77 1.02] When carbohydrates were substituted with SFAs (HR 1.22 [1.00 1.49] or PUFAs (HR 1.29 [1.02 1.63] CVD mortality risk increased. The 5 year weight was lower when carbohydrates were substituted with total fat or MUFAs. These results were consistent over different energy adjustment methods.  In diabetes patients, substitution of carbohydrates with SFAs was associated with a higher (CVD) mortality risk and substitution by total fat was associated with a higher all cause mortality risk. Substitution of carbohydrates with MUFAs may be associated with lower mortality risk and weight reduction. Instead of promoting replacement of carbohydrates by total fat, dietary guideline should continue focusing on replacement by fat subtypes; especially SFAs by MUFAs.
Teaching for Respect and Understanding of Difference: Social Media and Contemporary Art as Vehicles for Addressing Racism

This article discusses how social media is used to promote visual art exhibitions and performances related to racism and racist practices. Current examples of such art exhibitions and performances are highlighted. Curricular strategies are suggested for using social media in teaching students about racism and its effects using Critical Race Theory, the examination and discourse of mainstream media, visual culture, historical and contemporary artworks, and creating and publishing counter narrative responses via social media.
Grand Challenge Problem 2: Adaptive Awareness for Social Regulation of Emotions in Online Collaborative Learning Environments

Students' ability to understand and manage emotions in self and others plays an important role in the success of collaborative learning. In online learning environments, the access of socio emotional cues is reduced, and this may lead to a lack of emotion awareness that could be detrimental to collaboration and learning performances. The project we present here aims at substantially improving learning effects with social media through the use of adaptive emotion awareness technology designed to support students' emotional regulation in online groups.
A framework for measuring global Malmquist Luenberger productivity index with CO2 emissions on Chinese manufacturing industries

China has achieved significant progress in terms of economic and social developments since implementation of reform and open policy in 1978. However, the rapid speed of economic growth in China has also resulted in high energy consumption and serious environmental problems, which hindering the sustainability of China's economic growth. This paper provides a framework for measuring eco efficiency with CO2 emissions in Chinese manufacturing industries. We introduce a global Malmquist Luenberger productivity index (GMLPI) that can handle undesirable factors within Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) This study suggested after regulations imposed by the Chinese government, in the last stage of the analysis, i.e. during 2011 2012, the contemporaneous frontier shifts towards the global technology frontier in the direction of more desirable outputs and less undesirable outputs, i.e. producing less CO2 emissions, but the GMLPI drops slightly. This is an indication that the Chinese government needs to implement more policy regulations in order to maintain productivity index while reducing CO2 emissions.
CO2 emissions reduction of Chinese light manufacturing industries: A novel RAM based global Malmquist Luenberger productivity index

Climate change has become one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Chinese government has realized the importance of energy conservation and prevention of the climate changes for sustainable development of China's economy and set targets for CO2 emissions reduction in China. In China industry contributes 84.2% of the total CO2 emissions, especially manufacturing industries. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist productivity (MP) index are the widely used mathematical techniques to address the relative efficiency and productivity of a group of homogenous decision making units, e.g. industries or countries. However, in many real applications, especially those related to energy efficiency, there are often undesirable outputs, e.g. the pollutions, waste and CO2 emissions, which are produced inevitably with desirable outputs in the production. This paper introduces a novel Malmquist Luenberger productivity (MLP) index based on directional distance function (DDF) to address the issue of productivity evolution of DMUs in the presence of undesirable outputs. The new RAM (Range adjusted measure) based global MLP index has been applied to evaluate CO2 emissions reduction in Chinese light manufacturing industries. Recommendations for policy makers have been discussed.
Deciding Bit Vector Formulas with mcSAT
Venue: SAT

The Model Constructing Satisfiability Calculus (mcSAT) is a recently proposed generalization of propositional DPLL/CDCL for reasoning modulo theories. In contrast to most DPLL(T) based SMT solvers, which carry out conflict driven learning only on the propositional level, mcSAT calculi can also synthesise new theory literals during learning, resulting in a simple yet very flexible framework for designing efficient decision procedures. We present an mcSAT calculus for the theory of fixed size bit vectors, based on tailor made conflict driven learning that exploits both propositional and arithmetic properties of bit vector operations. Our procedure avoids unnecessary bit blasting and performs well on problems from domains like software verification, and on constraints over large bit vectors.