nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Trace metal contamination in commercial fish and crustaceans collected from coastal area of Bangladesh and health risk assessment
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Trace metals contamination in commercial fish and crustaceans have become a great problem in Bangladesh. This study was conducted to determine seven trace metals concentration (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in some commercial fishes and crustaceans collected from coastal areas of Bangladesh. Trace metals in fish samples were in the range of Cr (0.15 2.2) Ni (0.1 0.56) Cu (1.3 1.4) Zn (31 138) As (0.76 13) Cd (0.033 0.075) and Pb (0.07 0.63 mg/kg wet weight (ww) respectively. Arsenic (13 mg/kg ww) and Zn (138 mg/kg ww) concentrations were remarkably high in fish of Cox's Bazar due to the interference of uncontrolled huge hatcheries and industrial activities. The elevated concentrations of Cu (400) Zn (1480) and As (53 mg/kg ww) were also observed in crabs of Cox's Bazar which was considered as an absolutely discrepant aquatic species with totally different bioaccumulation pattern. Some metals in fish and crustaceans exceeded the international quality guidelines. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and target cancer risk (TR) revealed high dietary intake of As and Pb, which was obviously a matter of severe public health issue of Bangladeshi coastal people which should not be ignored and concentrate our views to solve this problem with an integrated approaches. Thus, continuous monitoring of these toxic trace elements in seafood and immediate control measure is recommended.
Nutrients and Chemical Pollutants in Fish and Shellfish. Balancing Health Benefits and Risks of Regular Fish Consumption
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

Dietary patterns and lifestyle factors are clearly associated with at least five of the ten leading causes of death, including coronary heart disease, certain types of cancer, stroke, non insulin insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Concerning specifically fish and seafood consumption, its beneficial health effects in humans are clearly supported by an important number of studies performed in the last 30 years. These studies have repeatedly linked fish consumption, especially those species whose contents in omega 3 fatty acids are high, with healthier hearts in the aging population. The nutritional benefits of fish and seafood are also due to the content of high quality protein, vitamins, as well as other essential nutrients. However, a number of studies, particularly investigations performed in recent years, have shown that the unavoidable presence of environmental contaminants in fish and shellfish can also mean a certain risk for the health of some consumers. While prestigious international associations as the American Heart Association have recommended eating fish at least two times (two servings a week) based on our own experimental results, as well as in results from other laboratories, we cannot be in total agreement with that recommendation. Although a regular consumption of most fish and shellfish species should not mean adverse health effects for the consumers, the specific fish and shellfish species consumed, the frequency of consumption, as well as the meal size, are essential issues for adequately balancing the health benefits and risks of regular fish consumption.
DETUROPE THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TOURISM

The paper focuses on introducing spaces of social exclusion in East Central Europe and interpreting spatial processes of the area within this framework. In order to interpret the multidimensional characteristics of social exclusion, domains and dimensions of the phenomenon are represented while territorial aspects of exclusion are illustrated by the generalization of spatial patterns. Research questions touch upon that what kind of spatial dimensions differentiate territorial aspects of social exclusion in East Central Europe, and what relationships can be discovered between them and other social characteristics. Furthermore, the paper summarize the changes in territorial patterns of social exclusion took place during the 2000s in East Central Europe.
Expressivity of Many Valued Modal Logics, Coalgebraically
Venue: WoLLIC

We apply methods developed to study coalgebraic logic to investigate expressivity of many valued modal logics which we consider as coalgebraic languages interpreted over set coalgebras with many valued valuations. The languages are based on many valued predicate liftings. We provide a characterization theorem for a language generated by a set of such modalities to be expressive for bisimilarity: in addition to the usual condition on the set of predicate liftings being separating, we indicate a sufficient and sometimes also necessary condition on the algebra of truth values which guarantees expressivity. Thus, adapting results of Schroder [16] concerning expressivity of boolean coalgebraic logics to many valued setting, we generalize results of Metcalfe and Marti [13] concerning Hennessy Milner property for many valued modal logics based on \Box and \diamondsuit
Superhydrophobic materials for biomedical applications.
Venue: Biomaterials

Superhydrophobic surfaces are actively studied across a wide range of applications and industries, and are now finding increased use in the biomedical arena as substrates to control protein adsorption, cellular interaction, and bacterial growth, as well as platforms for drug delivery devices and for diagnostic tools. The commonality in the design of these materials is to create a stable or metastable air layer at the material surface, which lends itself to a number of unique properties. These activities are catalyzing the development of new materials, applications, and fabrication techniques, as well as collaborations across material science, chemistry, engineering, and medicine given the interdisciplinary nature of this work. The review begins with a discussion of superhydrophobicity, and then explores biomedical applications that are utilizing superhydrophobicity in depth including material selection characteristics, in vitro performance, and in vivo performance. General trends are offered for each application in addition to discussion of conflicting data in the literature, and the review concludes with the authors' future perspectives on the utility of superhydrophobic biomaterials for medical applications.
Tiny Integrated Network Analyzer for Noninvasive Measurements of Electrically Small Antennas
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Antenna mismatch and crosstalk are recurring issues in telecommunications. For electrically small antenna systems, these are very hard to measure without affecting the radiation performance of the system and, consequently, the measurement itself. Electrically small antennas are found in many applications ranging from consumer electronics to industrial systems. We propose a radically new approach to characterize crosstalk and mismatch based on vector network analysis. By miniaturizing the network analyzer, it can be integrated in the system under test, eliminating the need for cables leaving the system. The tiny integrated network analyzer is a stand alone Arduino based measurement system that utilizes the transmit signal of the system under test as its reference. It features a power meter with triggering ability, on board memory, universal serial bus, and easy extendibility with general purpose input/output. The accuracy and repeatability of the proposed system is documented through the repeatability of the calibration. To showcase the capabilities of the system, a measurement is made on a modified smart phone with the system inside. These early results show great promise for miniaturized network analysis. With the advances in software defined radio, we can expect much more flexible and advanced integrated network analyzers in the coming years.
The relationship between school work family conflict, subjective stress, and burnout

School has been neglected as a source of stress and strain resulting from its inevitable conflict with work and family role demands among married, working students. The meager research available has examined only work school (not school work) conflict among adolescents and college students and only three studies (two unpublished) have developed measures of conflict involving work, family, and school without studying its antecedents and consequences. The purpose of this paper is to examine all six school work family interrole conflicts and their effects on subjective stress and burnout. It was hypothesized that the greater the conflict between family, work, and school roles, the greater the subjective stress and burnout and that women experience more work family school conflicts than do men.  In total, 100 working married adult students completed self report demographic questionnaire, school work family conflict, subjective stress, and burnout scales.
Influence of work family school role conflicts and social support on psychological wellbeing among registered nurses pursuing advanced degree.
Venue: Applied nursing research ANR

The purpose of the study was to determine how work family school role conflict and social support influence psychological well being among registered nurses pursuing an advanced degree.  A cross sectional, correlational study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 320 registered nurses pursuing an advanced nursing degree at 13 hospitals in Korea, from June to October 2011. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with the AMOS program. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the measurement model prior to the testing of study hypotheses before and after controlling for extraneous variables.  The fit parameters of the modified model (kh(2)/df=2.01, GFI=0.91, AGFI=0.89, CFI=0.92, SRMR=0.068, and RMSEA=0.065) indicated its suitability as the research model. This model explained 45% of the variance in work related psychological well being and 52% of the variance in general psychological well being. Both social support and work family school role conflict exerted significant effects on work related psychological well being and general psychological well being.  The findings of the present study imply that work family school role conflict influences the psychological well being of registered nurses pursuing an advanced degree. It is necessary for nursing administrators to develop strategies to help registered nurses to manage their multiple roles and improve both their work related psychological well being and their general psychological well being.
Attention pooling based convolutional neural network for sentence modelling
Venue: Inf. Sci.

Convolutional neural network has been proven to be a powerful semantic composition model for modelling sentences. A standard convolutional neural network usually consists of several convolutional and pooling layers at the bottom of a linear or non linear classifier. In this paper, a new pooling scheme termed Attention Pooling is proposed to retain the most significant information at the pooling stage. An intermediate sentence representation generated by the bidirectional long short term memory is used as a reference for local representations produced by the convolutional layer to obtain attention weights. The sentence representation is formed by combining local representations using obtained attention weights. The intermediate sentence representation is used as an input to the top classifier as well in the testing phase. The salient features of the proposed attention pooling based convolutional neural network are: (1) The model can be trained end to end with limited hyper parameters; (2) Comprehensive information is extracted by the new pooling scheme and the combination of the convolutional layer and the bidirectional long short term memory; (3) The model can implicitly separate the sentences from different classes. Experimental results demonstrate that the new model outperforms the state of the art approaches on seven benchmark datasets for text classification. The learning capability of the proposed method is greatly improved and the classification accuracy is even enhanced significantly by over 2% on some datasets. The robustness of the proposed model is evidenced by some statistical tests.
ABCNN: Attention Based Convolutional Neural Network for Modeling Sentence Pairs
Venue: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

How to model a pair of sentences is a critical issue in many NLP tasks such as answer selection (AS) paraphrase identification (PI) and textual entailment (TE) Most prior work (i) deals with one individual task by fine tuning a specific system; (ii) models each sentence's representation separately, rarely considering the impact of the other sentence; or (iii) relies fully on manually designed, task specific linguistic features. This work presents a general Attention Based Convolutional Neural Network (ABCNN) for modeling a pair of sentences. We make three contributions. (i) The ABCNN can be applied to a wide variety of tasks that require modeling of sentence pairs. (ii) We propose three attention schemes that integrate mutual influence between sentences into CNNs; thus, the representation of each sentence takes into consideration its counterpart. These interdependent sentence pair representations are more powerful than isolated sentence representations. (iii) ABCNNs achieve state of the art performance on AS, PI and TE tasks. We release code at: https:/github.com/yinwenpeng/Answer_Selection.
Identifying critical factors affecting the effectiveness and efficiency of tendering processes in Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) A comparative analysis of Australia and China

The success of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) largely depends on the performance of tendering processes. This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of critical factors affecting the effectiveness and efficiency of PPP tendering in Australia and China. A triangulation of literature review, semi structured interviews and questionnaire survey was used. The research identified 14 critical factors underpinning the implementation of PPP tendering, under 7 dimensions: (1) Robustness of business case development; (2) Quality of project brief; (3) Public sector capacity; (4) Governance structures; (5) Effectiveness of communication; (6) Balance between streamlining and competition; and (7) Level of transparency of tendering processes. The following analysis suggested that there are statistically significant differences in eight factors between the two countries. By adopting the recommended strategies, both public and private entities engaging in PPP projects will be at a better position to structure and manage the tendering processes.
Leveraging Lexical Resources for Learning Entity Embeddings in Multi Relational Data
Venue: ACL

Recent work in learning vector space embeddings for multi relational data has focused on combining relational information derived from knowledge bases with distributional information derived from large text corpora. We propose a simple approach that leverages the descriptions of entities or phrases available in lexical resources, in conjunction with distributional semantics, in order to derive a better initialization for training relational models. Applying this initialization to the TransE model results in significant new state of the art performances on the WordNet dataset, decreasing the mean rank from the previous best of 212 to 51. It also results in faster convergence of the entity representations. We find that there is a trade off between improving the mean rank and the hits@10 with this approach. This illustrates that much remains to be understood regarding performance improvements in relational models.
Preliminary evaluation of a fully automated quantitative framework for characterizing general breast tissue histology via color histogram and color texture analysis
Venue: SPIE Medical Imaging

Visual characterization of histologic specimens is known to suffer from intra and inter observer variability. To help address this, we developed an automated framework for characterizing digitized histology specimens based on a novel application of color histogram and color texture analysis. We perform a preliminary evaluation of this framework using a set of 73 trichrome stained, digitized slides of normal breast tissue which were visually assessed by an expert pathologist in terms of the percentage of collagenous stroma, stromal collagen density, duct lobular unit density and the presence of elastosis. For each slide, our algorithm automatically segments the tissue region based on the lightness channel in CIELAB colorspace. Within each tissue region, a color histogram feature vector is extracted using a common color palette for trichrome images generated with a previously described method. Then, using a whole slide, lattice based methodology, color texture maps are generated using a set of color co occurrence matrix statistics: contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity. The extracted features sets are compared to the visually assessed tissue characteristics. Overall, the extracted texture features have high correlations to both the percentage of collagenous stroma (r=0.95, p<0.001) and duct lobular unit density (r=0.71, p<0.001) seen in the tissue samples, and several individual features were associated with either collagen density and/or the presence of elastosis (p<=0.05) This suggests that the proposed framework has promise as a means to quantitatively extract descriptors reflecting tissue level characteristics and thus could be useful in detecting and characterizing histological processes in digitized histology specimens.
Amino Acid Metabolomics Using LC MS/MS: Assessment of Cancer Cell Resistance in a Simulated Tumor Microenvironment.
Venue: Analytical sciences the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry

We performed a comprehensive quantification of 20 amino acids in RPMI 1640 medium cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells to evaluate the efficacy of 5 fluorouracil treatment under hypoxic and hypoglycemic conditions, which mimic the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed a simple and comprehensive analytical method by using LC MS/MS connected to the Intrada amino acid column, which eluted amino acids within 9 min. The present method covered a linearity range of 3.6 1818 mM, except for Gly (227 1818 mM) Ala, Asp, His (7.1 1818 mM each) and Trp (3.6 909 mM) The limits of detection were in the range of 0.02 38.0 pmol per injection in a standard solution. Amino acid concentration data were analyzed using principal component analysis to represent samples on two dimensional graphs. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify samples on the score plots. Using this approach, the effect of 5 fluorouracil treatment could be successfully discriminated at high discrimination rates. Moreover, several amino acids were extracted from corresponding loading plots as candidate markers for distinguishing the effects of the 5 fluorouracil treatment or tumor microenvironmental conditions. These results suggest that our proposed method might be a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy of anticancer drugs in the tumor microenvironment.
Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol Sedation Reduces Delirium after Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Venue: Anesthesiology

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery. Use of dexmedetomidine to prevent delirium is controversial. The authors hypothesized that dexmedetomidine sedation after cardiac surgery would reduce the incidence of POD. After institutional ethics review board approval, and informed consent, a single blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients 60 yr or older undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients with a history of serious mental illness, delirium, and severe dementia were excluded. Upon admission to intensive care unit (ICU) patients received either dexmedetomidine (0.4 &mgr;g/kg bolus followed by 0.2 to 0.7 &mgr;g kg 1 h 1 infusion) or propofol (25 to 50 &mgr;g kg 1 min 1 infusion) according to a computer generated randomization code in blocks of four. Assessment of delirium was performed with confusion assessment method for ICU or confusion assessment method after discharge from ICU at 12 h intervals during the 5 postoperative days. Primary outcome was the incidence of POD. POD was present in 16 of 91 (17.5% and 29 of 92 (31.5% patients in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, respectively (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.92; P 0.028) Median onset of POD was on postoperative day 2 (1 to 4 days) versus 1 (1 to 4 days) P 0.027, and duration of POD 2 days (1 to 4 days) versus 3 days (1 to 5 days) P 0.04, in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, respectively. When compared with propofol, dexmedetomidine sedation reduced incidence, delayed onset, and shortened duration of POD in elderly patients after cardiac surgery. The absolute risk reduction for POD was 14% with a number needed to treat of 7.1.
Effect of Dexmedetomidine Added to Standard Care on Ventilator Free Time in Patients With Agitated Delirium: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA

Effective therapy has not been established for patients with agitated delirium receiving mechanical ventilation.  To determine the effectiveness of dexmedetomidine when added to standard care in patients with agitated delirium receiving mechanical ventilation.  The Dexmedetomidine to Lessen ICU Agitation (DahLIA) study was a double blind, placebo controlled, parallel group randomized clinical trial involving 74 adult patients in whom extubation was considered inappropriate because of the severity of agitation and delirium. The study was conducted at 15 intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand from May 2011 until December 2013. Patients with advanced dementia or traumatic brain injury were excluded.  Bedside nursing staff administered dexmedetomidine (or placebo) initially at a rate of 0.5 ug/kg/h and then titrated to rates between 0 and 1.5 ug/kg/h to achieve physician prescribed sedation goals. The study drug or placebo was continued until no longer required or up to 7 days. All other care was at the discretion of the treating physician.  Ventilator free hours in the 7 days following randomization. There were 21 reported secondary outcomes that were defined a priori.  Of the 74 randomized patients (median age, 57 years; 18 [24% women) 2 withdrew consent later and 1 was found to have been randomized incorrectly, leaving 39 patients in the dexmedetomidine group and 32 patients in the placebo group for analysis. Dexmedetomidine increased ventilator free hours at 7 days compared with placebo (median, 144.8 hours vs 127.5 hours, respectively; median difference between groups, 17.0 hours [95% CI, 4.0 to 33.2 hours] P .01) Among the 21 a priori secondary outcomes, none were significantly worse with dexmedetomidine, and several showed statistically significant benefit, including reduced time to extubation (median, 21.9 hours vs 44.3 hours with placebo; median difference between groups, 19.5 hours [95% CI, 5.3 to 31.1 hours] P .001) and accelerated resolution of delirium (median, 23.3 hours vs 40.0 hours; median difference between groups, 16.0 hours [95% CI, 3.0 to 28.0 hours] P .01) Using hierarchical Cox modeling to adjust for imbalanced baseline characteristics, allocation to dexmedetomidine was significantly associated with earlier extubation (hazard ratio, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.27 0.82] P .007)  Among patients with agitated delirium receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, the addition of dexmedetomidine to standard care compared with standard care alone (placebo) resulted in more ventilator free hours at 7 days. The findings support the use of dexmedetomidine in patients such as these.