nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cohort Profile Update: The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)
Venue: International journal of epidemiology

This is an update of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) cohort profile which was published in 2006. Pregnant women attending a routine ultrasound examination were initially invited. The first child was born in October 1999 and the last in July 2009. The participation rate was 41% The cohort includes more than 114 000 children, 95 000 mothers and 75 000 fathers. About 1900 pairs of twins have been born. There are approximately 16 400 women who participate with more than one pregnancy. Blood samples were obtained from both parents during pregnancy and from mothers and children (umbilical cord) after birth. Samples of DNA, RNA, whole blood, plasma and urine are stored in a biobank. During pregnancy, the mother responded to three questionnaires and the father to one. After birth, questionnaires were sent out when the child was 6 months, 18 months and 3 years old. Several sub projects have selected participants for in depth clinical assessment and exposure measures. The purpose of this update is to explain and describe new additions to the data collection, including questionnaires at 5, 7, 8 and 13 years as well as linkages to health registries, and to point to some findings and new areas of research. Further information can be found at [www.fhi.no/moba en] Researchers interested in collaboration and access to the data can complete an electronic application available on the MoBa website above.
Risk factors and outcomes of chronic sexual harassment during the transition to college: Examination of a two part growth mixture model.
Venue: Social science research

A two part latent growth mixture model was implemented in order to examine heterogeneity in the growth of sexual harassment (SH) victimization in college and university students, and the extent to which SH class membership explains substance use and mental health outcomes for certain groups of students. Demographic risk factors, mental health, and substance use were examined as they related to chronically experienced SH victimization. Incoming freshmen students (N 2855; 58% female; 54% White) completed a survey at five time points. In addition to self reporting gender, race, and sexual orientation, students completed measures of sexual harassment, anxiety, depression, binge drinking, and marijuana use. Overall, self reported SH declined upon college entry, although levels rebounded by the third year of college. Results also supported a two class solution (Infrequent and Chronic) for SH victimization. Being female, White, and a sexual minority were linked to being classified into the Chronic (relative to the Infrequent) SH class. In turn, Chronic SH class membership predicted greater anxiety, depression, and substance use, supporting a mediational model.
Block majorization minimization algorithms for low rank clutter subspace estimation
Venue: 2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

This paper addresses the problem of the clutter subspace projector estimation in the context of a disturbance composed of a low rank heterogeneous (Compound Gaussian) clutter and white Gaussian noise. We derive two algorithms based on the block majorization minimization framework to reach the maximum likelihood estimator of the considered model. These algorithms are shown to be computationally faster than the state of the art, with guaranteed convergence. Finally, the performance of the related estimators is illustrated in terms of estimation accuracy and computation speed.
Robust Estimation of Structured Covariance Matrix for Heavy Tailed Elliptical Distributions
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing

This paper considers the problem of robustly estimating a structured covariance matrix with an elliptical underlying distribution with a known mean. In applications where the covariance matrix naturally possesses a certain structure, taking the prior structure information into account in the estimation procedure is beneficial to improving the estimation accuracy. We propose incorporating the prior structure information into Tyler's M estimator and formulating the problem as minimizing the cost function of Tyler's estimator under the prior structural constraint. First, the estimation under a general convex structural constraint is introduced with an efficient algorithm for finding the estimator derived based on the majorization minimization (MM) algorithm framework. Then, the algorithm is tailored to several special structures that enjoy a wide range of applications in signal processing related fields, namely, sum of rank one matrices, Toeplitz, and banded Toeplitz structure. In addition, two types of non convex structures, i.e. the Kronecker structure and the spiked covariance structure, are also discussed, where it is shown that simple algorithms can be derived under the guidelines of MM. The algorithms are guaranteed to converge to a stationary point of the problems. Furthermore, if the constraint set is geodesically convex, such as the Kronecker structure set, then the algorithm converges to a global minimum. Numerical results show that the proposed estimator achieves a smaller estimation error than the benchmark estimators at a lower computational cost.
Old and New Media Logics in an Electoral Campaign

In Spain, the 2014 European Elections saw the unexpected rise of a new party Podemos, which obtained five European Parliament seats only three months after its formation. In the Spanish National Elections in December 2015, this party obtained 20.66 percent of the votes, which made it the third biggest party. Our objective was to analyze the old and new elements of Podemos' communication and campaign strategies. The methodology followed here used this new party as a strategic case study by a qualitative approach. The analysis focused on three key fronts: (1) the role of communication, (2) mediatization of politics, and (3) use of digital media. The results suggested that Podemos' 2014 electoral campaign combined presence on broadcast television and use of intense digital media to boost citizens' engagement and self mediation. Accordingly, it was established as a new transmedia party. This case also demonstrates that mediatization can also occur in two way street dynamics, that is, from politics to the media, where the former generates an influence on the latter. This finding opens the door to help overcome the media centric vision. Finally, we discussed future questions about the influence on other political actors' communication strategies in different parts of the world from an international perspective.
Management of Climate Induced Drought and Water Scarcity in Egypt: Unconventional Solutions

Droughts and water scarcity are important issues related to natural phenomena and affected by climate variability and change. Water scarcity was defined as the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region. There are many studies were conducted on the assessment of the climate change on crops productivity and its water requirements in Egypt. Droughts and water scarcity affected areas will likely to increase during the 21st century with clear impact on agriculture and water resources. There are two cultivation systems in Egypt: irrigated agriculture and rain fed agriculture. Irrigated agriculture performs in the old cultivated land and new reclaimed land. The rain fed areas in the North Coast of Egypt depends on rain falls from El Saloum (west of Libya) to Rafah (East of Palestine) The projected adverse consequences of climate change on regional droughts are well established by global and regional studies, internationally. However, there are no local studies on the effect of climate change on rain fed agriculture in Egypt. This book is concerned about criticizing the prevailing crops structure in Egypt under rain fed in North Egypt and under surface irrigation in Nile Delta and Valley. Suggestions on improving crops structure in these areas are investigated, taking into account sustainability of water and soil recourses. Furthermore, improved management options of crops production in both rain fed and irrigated agriculture were explored. Suggestions of more rationale use of irrigation water in irrigated agriculture were also investigated to conserve irrigation water under present climate condition and to help in fulfilling the anticipated demand under climate change conditions in 2030. Keyword Rain fed agriculture Irrigated agriculture Crops structure Climate change effect S.A.H. Ouda Water Requirements and Field Irrigation Research Department, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza, Egypt e mail: samihaouda@yahoo.com A. Zohry Crops Intensification Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Giza, Egypt e mail: abdelhafeezzohry@yahoo.com (c) The Author(s) 2016 S.A.H. Ouda and A. Zohry, Management of Climate Induced Drought and Water Scarcity in Egypt, SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science,
Effects of Working Memory and Gloss Type on L2 Text Comprehension and Incidental Vocabulary Learning in Computer Based Reading

Current computer technologies can provide resources for the reader to employ both lexical and topic level knowledge through glosses. As the reader is engaged in processing the text, s/he can easily access definitions of words or get more information about the topic through hyperlinks. However, there is little consensus regarding the effects of these resources especially on reading comprehension. Given the role of working memory (WM) in reading comprehension, the effects of these text resources may be mediated by WM capacity. As such, the current study, through a between groups experimental design, aims to compare the performance of low knowledge readers on vocabulary and recall measures when they are exposed to glosses providing lexical information versus topic level information. It also aims to examine whether WM mediates the effects of gloss content. Upon determining the participants WM capacity through a backward digit span task, they were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups, which were exposed to an expository text with either vocabulary glosses or topic level glosses or to the control group which received no glosses. After reading the text, the participants were given recall and vocabulary measures. Findings yield a significant relationship between WM and reading comprehension regardless of treatment condition and immediate positive effects of glosses on incidental vocabulary learning.
Implicit Motor Sequence Learning and Working Memory Performance Changes Across the Adult Life Span
Venue: Front. Aging Neurosci.

Although implicit motor sequence learning is rather well understood in young adults, effects of aging on this kind of learning are controversial. There is first evidence that working memory (WM) might play a role in implicit motor sequence learning in young adults as well as in adults above the age of 65. However, the knowledge about the development of these processes across the adult life span is rather limited. As the average age of our population continues to rise, a better understanding of age related changes in motor sequence learning and potentially mediating cognitive processes takes on increasing significance. Therefore, we investigated aging effects on implicit motor sequence learning and WM. Sixty adults (18 71 years) completed verbal and visuospatial n back tasks and were trained on a serial reaction time task (SRTT) Randomly varying trials served as control condition. To further assess consolidation indicated by off line improvement and reduced susceptibility to interference, reaction times (RTs) were determined 1 h after initial learning. Young and older but not middle aged adults showed motor sequence learning. Nine out of 20 older adults (compared to one young/one middle aged) exhibited some evidence of sequence awareness. After 1 h, young and middle aged adults showed off line improvement. However, RT facilitation was not specific to sequence trials. Importantly, susceptibility to interference was reduced in young and older adults indicating the occurrence of consolidation. Although WM performance declined in older participants when load was high, it was not significantly related to sequence learning. The data reveal a decline in motor sequence learning in middle aged but not in older adults. The use of explicit learning strategies in older adults might account for the latter result.
Ultra Wideband (UWB) Bandpass Filter using Optimum Short Circuited Technique

Filters are the key components in communication system. In this paper, the description of Ultra Wide Band filter design techniques and to show the different aspects of the design technique used. This paper presents a novel ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter using stepped impedance stub loaded resonator and the stub loaded Multiple mode resonator. The resonators are so formed to allow its five resonant frequencies in the UWB passband, which extends from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. SISLR is found to have the advantage of providing more degrees of freedom to adjust the resonant frequencies. The MMR is constructed by loading three open stubs in a uniformimpedance resonator, i.e. one stepped impedance stub at the center and two uniform impedance stubs at the symmetrical side locations. The simulated results showing good wideband filtering performance with sharp rejection skirts outside the passband.
Rethinking Comparative Political Economy

This paper develops an analytical approach to comparative political economy that focuses on the relative importance of different components of aggregate demand in the first instance, exports and household consumption and dynamic relations among the "demand drivers" of growth. We illustrate this approach by comparing patterns of economic growth in Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the United Kingdom over the period 1994 2007. Our discussion emphasizes that export led growth and consumption led growth have different implications for distributive conflict.
The Political Economy of the Euro Crisis

This article introduces the special issue on the political economy of the Euro crisis, which aims to improve our understanding of the causes, consequences, and implications of the highly unusual nature of this crisis: a financial crisis among developed countries within a supranational monetary union. The article provides a brief chronology of the crisis, discusses its underlying causes, and reviews the ways in which comparative and international political economy can help us understand the crisis. The article then discusses the individual and collective contributions of the articles in the special issue and discusses possible future research paths on the political economy of the Euro crisis. We conclude with a brief discussion of how a political economy perspective informs our understanding of the long term prospects for the Eurozone and European integration.
High affinity monoclonal IgA regulates gut microbiota and prevents colitis in mice
Venue: Nature Microbiology

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main antibody isotype secreted into the intestinal lumen. IgA plays a critical role in the defence against pathogens and in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. However, how secreted IgA regulates gut microbiota is not completely understood. In this study, we isolated monoclonal IgA antibodies from the small intestine of healthy mouse. As a candidate for an efficient gut microbiota modulator, we selected a W27 IgA, which binds to multiple bacteria, but not beneficial ones such as Lactobacillus casei. W27 could suppress the cell growth of Escherichia coli but not L. casei in vitro, indicating an ability to improve the intestinal environment. Indeed W27 oral treatment could modulate gut microbiota composition and have a therapeutic effect on both lymphoproliferative disease and colitis models in mice. Thus, W27 IgA oral treatment is a potential remedy for inflammatory bowel disease, acting through restoration of host microbial symbiosis.
Direct (Hetero)arylation Polymerization: Simplicity for Conjugated Polymer Synthesis.
Venue: Chemical reviews

Direct (hetero)arylation polymerization (DHAP) has recently been established as an environmentally benign method for the preparation of conjugated polymers. This synthetic tool features the formation of C C bonds between halogenated (hetero)arenes and simple (hetero)arenes with active C H bonds, thereby circumventing the preparation of organometallic derivatives and decreasing the overall production cost of conjugated polymers. Since its inception, selectivity and reactivity of DHAP procedures have been improved tremendously through the careful scrutinity of polymerization outcomes and the fine tuning of reaction conditions. A broad range of monomers, from simple arenes to complex functionalized heteroarenes, can now be readily polymerized. The successful application of DHAP now leads to nearly defect free conjugated polymers possessing comparable, if not slightly better, characteristics than their counterparts prepared using classical cross coupling methods. This comprehensive review describes the mechanisms involved in this process from experimental and theoretical standpoints, presents an up to date compendium of materials obtained by this means, and exposes its current limitations and challenges.
More internationalism, more strength: the Union General de Trabajadores in the International Labor Organization, 1919 1936

At the end of the First World War, Spain, which had stayed neutral all through the war, immediately joined those organizations created by the Treaty of Versailles, namely the League of Nations and the International Labor Organization (ILO) This article demonstrates that UGT used its international experience in the ILO to legitimate and reinforce its strategy for action in Spain, with a combination of pressure and negotiation very much in line with the labour reformism that prevailed in the most advanced circles of European trade unionism. At the same time, as this strategy brought the Spanish labour movement into line with its leading counterparts in the international milieu, it was also useful for isolating the more radical sector associated with the Third International and thus in favour of abandoning all commitments to organizations such as the League of Nations or the ILO, which it dismissively branded as allies of capitalism striving against the Bolshevik Revolution. This article attempts to show the crucial impact that the UGT's commitment in the ILO had in strengthening the reformist model of trade union action.
PERBANDINGAN PENILAIAN SAHAM DENGAN METODE ANALISIS FUNDAMENTAL DAN ANALISIS TEHKNICAL, PENGGORENGAN SAHAM, SERTA KEPUTUSAN PENILAIAN SAHAM JIKA HASIL BERLAWANAN ARAH UNTUK KEDUA METODE ANALISIS PADA SAHAM BAKRIE GROUP UNTUK PERIODE 2005 2009

Beberapa tahun belakangan ini, dunia investasi mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari data rata rata perdagangan saham yang dimiliki oleh Bapepam. Salah satu jenis instrumen investasi yang sering diminati oleh investor adalah saham. Apabila dibandingkan dengan obligasi, saham memiliki expected return yang lebih tinggi. Namun, saham memiliki resiko yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan obligasi. Untuk melakukan penilaian saham ada dua analisis yang dapat dilakukan, yaitu fundamental analysis dan technical analysis. Untuk menentukan harga saham yang tepat bagi sebuah perusahaan, terlebih dahulu harus memproyeksikan dividen dan earning yang diharapkan dari sebuah perusahaan. Inilah inti dari analisis fundamental, yaitu menentukan sebuah nilai perusahaan seperti earning yang diharapkan (Bodie, Kane, Marcus, 2009) Analisis fundamental terbagi menjadi tiga bagian besar. Namun dalam penelitian ini Analisis perusahaan akan menjadi fokus utama. Selain analisis fundamental, investor dapat melakukan penilaian saham dengan menggunakan technical analysis. Analisis teknikal adalah teknik untuk memprediksi arah pergerakan harga saham dan indikator pasar saham lainnya berdasarkan pada data pasar historis (Tandelilin, 2010) Analisis teknikal umumnya mencari pola yang terjadi berkali kali pada harga saham (Bodie, Kane, Marcus, 2009) Permasalahan terjadi ketika analisis fundamental dan analisis teknikal tidak memberikan hasil yang searah tapi memberikan hasil yang berlawanan. Permasalahan ini yang akan dibahas oleh peneliti dan dikaitkan dengan beberapa perusahaan, yaitu Seven Brothers (Grup Bakrie)
A Survey of Word Reordering in Statistical Machine Translation: Computational Models and Language Phenomena
Venue: Computational Linguistics

Word reordering is one of the most difficult aspects of statistical machine translation (SMT) and an important factor of its quality and efficiency. Despite the vast amount of research published to date, the interest of the community in this problem has not decreased, and no single method appears to be strongly dominant across language pairs. Instead, the choice of the optimal approach for a new translation task still seems to be mostly driven by empirical trials.To orient the reader in this vast and complex research area, we present a comprehensive survey of word reordering viewed as a statistical modeling challenge and as a natural language phenomenon. The survey describes in detail how word reordering is modeled within different string based and tree based SMT frameworks and as a stand alone task, including systematic overviews of the literature in advanced reordering modeling.We then question why some approaches are more successful than others in different language pairs. We argue that besides measuring the amount of reordering, it is important to understand which kinds of reordering occur in a given language pair. To this end, we conduct a qualitative analysis of word reordering phenomena in a diverse sample of language pairs, based on a large collection of linguistic knowledge. Empirical results in the SMT literature are shown to support the hypothesis that a few linguistic facts can be very useful to anticipate the reordering characteristics of a language pair and to select the SMT framework that best suits them.
To Swap or Not to Swap? Exploiting Dependency Word Pairs for Reordering in Statistical Machine Translation
Venue: AAAI

Reordering poses a major challenge in machine translation (MT) between two languages with significant differences in word order. In this paper, we present a novel reordering approach utilizing sparse features based on dependency word pairs. Each instance of these features captures whether two words, which are related by a dependency link in the source sentence dependency parse tree, follow the same order or are swapped in the translation output. Experiments on Chinese to English translation show a statistically significant improvement of 1.21 BLEU point using our approach, compared to a state of the art statistical MT system that incorporates prior reordering approaches.
Neural Reordering Model Considering Phrase Translation and Word Alignment for Phrase based Translation
Venue: WAT@COLING

This paper presents an improved lexicalized reordering model for phrase based statistical machine translation using a deep neural network. Lexicalized reordering suffers from reordering ambiguity, data sparseness and noises in a phrase table. Previous neural reordering model is successful to solve the first and second problems but fails to address the third one. Therefore, we propose new features using phrase translation and word alignment to construct phrase vectors to handle inherently noisy phrase translation pairs. The experimental results show that our proposed method improves the accuracy of phrase reordering. We confirm that the proposed method works well with phrase pairs including NULL alignments.