nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning (or living) to love the landscapes of hydroelectricity in Canada: Eliciting local perspectives on the Mactaquac Dam via headpond boat tours

Landscape impacts are commonly cited as barriers to new energy infrastructure, but rarely are perceptions of such impacts monitored over time. Built in the mid 1960s, the Mactaquac hydroelectric generating station in New Brunswick, Canada, is degrading, and its future is under review. We took locals on houseboats to learn how they felt about the dam, the landscape it altered, and the future of the facility. Using the concept of cultural imaginaries we observe important themes about how landscape changes are experienced, perceived and reinterpreted by local residents over time. Despite the initial trauma of construction, most residents expressed a deep sense of place, identity and appreciation of the headpond's aesthetic and recreational value, as well as its renewable energy. Our methods revealed social pressures at play: collective discussions endorsed keeping the reservoir intact, whether or not energy continues to be produced, while individuals alone were more likely to appreciate the former river, with some participants privately open to its restoration. The establishment within a generation of connection to this site of energy production suggests the value of taking a long view to understanding landscape transitions, which cuts both ways, providing possible consolation to proponents of renewable and conventional energy alike.
Can We Foster a Culture of Peer Support and Promote Mental Health in Adolescence Using a Web Based App? A Control Group Study
Venue: JMIR mental health

Adolescence with its many transitions is a vulnerable period for the development of mental illnesses. Establishing effective mental health promotion programs for this age group is a challenge crucial to societal health. Programs must account for the specific developmental tasks that adolescents face. Considering peer influence and fostering adolescent autonomy strivings is essential. Participation in a program should be compelling to young people, and their affinity to new technologies offers unprecedented opportunities in this respect.  The Companion App was developed as a Web based app giving adolescents access to a peer mentoring system and interactive, health relevant content to foster a positive peer culture among adolescents and thereby strengthen social support and reduce stress.  In a control group study design, a group of employed (n=546) and unemployed (n=73) adolescents had access to the Companion App during a 10 month period. The intervention was evaluated using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze changes in chronic stress levels and perception of social support. Monthly feedback on the app and qualitative interviews at the end of the study allowed for an in depth exploration of the adolescents' perception of the intervention.  Adolescents in the intervention group did not use the Companion App consistently. The intervention had no significant effect on chronic stress levels or the perception of social support. Adolescents reported endorsing the concept of the app and the implementation of a peer mentoring system in particular. However, technical difficulties and insufficiently obvious benefits of using the app impeded more frequent usage.  The Companion Project implemented a theory driven and innovative approach to mental health promotion in adolescence, taking into account the specifics of this developmental phase. Particularities of the implementation context, technical aspects of the app, and insufficient incentives may have played considerable roles concerning the difficulties of the Companion Project to establish commitment. However, adopting peer mentoring as a strategy and using an app still seems to us a promising approach in mental health promotion in adolescents. Future projects should be careful to invest enough resources into the technical development of an app and consider a large use of incentives to establish commitment. When targeting risk groups, such as unemployed adolescents, it may be expedient to use more structured approaches including face to face support.
Hospitals in the home for patients with delirium: No place like home?

Management of patients with delirium presents a challenge.  Supported discharge with Hospital in the Home (HITH) for patients with delirium was developed and evaluated.  Patients admitted acutely to internal medicine and geriatrics, with a diagnosis of delirium were considered for HITH. Patients with a full time career and who lived in their own residence were eligible for the program. Delirium was diagnosed using CAM. Outcomes were compared against historical control. All data was collected prospectively.  A total of 89 patients (9.2 per cent) were diagnosed with delirium. Of 31 patients eligible for HITH, 17 had suitable carers. Sixteen patient caregiver teams were successfully discharged on HITH. Age, frailty score, length of stay and readmissions did not vary significantly between the intervention and control group (N=7) Thirteen patient carers provided feedback and which was supportive of the intervention.  This innovative model of care was feasible and well received. Further studies are recommended.
'No place like home' experiences of an Ethiopian migrant in the host country and as a returnee to the homeland

Using an in depth interview with an Ethiopian returnee who lived abroad for 17 years, this study examined both integration and reintegration experiences. For this returnee, the experience of migration was psychologically costly. Challenges in the host country included acquiring a resident permit, overcoming language barriers, and contending with oppression and marginalization. Being treated unequally was a major push factor for his return to Ethiopia. Despite his relief upon reentering his home country, he faced challenges which made reintegration difficult, including the inefficiency of government offices, lack of a work ethic, time mismanagement, and the unsystematic processes in a developing country. To facilitate integration and reintegration processes, more effective policy responses of both the host and home countries are needed. Developing countries should not miss the opportunity to capitalize on the potential contributions of returnees who are committed to bringing about positive change in their homeland.
'No Place like Home' The Human Rights of Women in Aged Care

Greta Bird and Jo Bird begin with the proposition that ageing is taboo, Western culture classing the ageing woman as 'particularly' taboo. They look at the position of women from a First Peoples (Indigenous Australian) or a CALD (Culturally and Linguistically Diverse) background in Melbourne, Australia, noting that mainstream aged care spaces give rise to abuses located in ethnic and racial origin, especially when language is an issue, and where tasks such as dressing and cleaning oneself are beyond capacity due to ageing. Their research looks at aged care in specific contexts and elderly women's invisibility: mainstream, Christian based; Muslim based aged care; Jewish aged care; aged care for Australia's First Peoples. Despite advances, Bird and Bird affirm the need for a Royal Commission into aged care, recognising that systemic change within aged care is essential to ensure culturally suitable and gender sensitive care. Aged care does not, they point out, exist in a vacuum: it is relative to the dominant cultural setting and broader society. With a history of genocidal policies against First Peoples, and a growth in scaremongering about 'the other' with divisive language nominating some people as 'legitimate' Australians 'Team Australia' others as interlopers, those in aged care are at risk. As women generally live longer and due to economic realities are less well off so less able to pay for the care they need, Bird and Bird emphasise that the shift to privatisation of the aged care sector has enormous implications. Reliance on profit impinges upon the rights of the elderly who are open to sexual and physical abuse as well as poor every day care.
Increase of Chamazulene and a Bisabolol Contents of the Essential Oil of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomila L. Using Salicylic Acid Treatments under Normal and Heat Stress Conditions
Venue: Foods

The chamazulene and a bisabolol contents and quality of the chamomile oil are affected by genetic background and environmental conditions. Salicylic acid (SA) as a signaling molecule, plays a significant role in the plant physiological processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile, quantity, and improve the essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and a bisabol using salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) technique. The factorial experiments were carried out during the 2011 2012 hot season using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The factors include four salicylic acid concentrations (0 (control) 10, 25 and 100 mg*L 1) and three chamomile cultivars (Bushehr, Bona, Bodegold) were sown on two different planting dates under field conditions. Fourteen compounds were identified from the extracted oil of the samples treated with salicylic acid under normal and heat stress conditions. The major identified oil compositions from chamomile cultivars treated with salicylic acid were chamazulene, a bisabolol, bisabolone oxide, b farnesene, en yn dicycloether, and bisabolol oxide A and B. Analysis of variance showed that the simple effects (environmental conditions, cultivar and salicylic acid) and their interaction were significant on all identified compounds, but the environmental conditions had no significant effect on bisabolol oxide A. The greatest amount of chamazulene obtained was 6.66% at the concentration of 10 mg*L 1 SA for the Bona cultivar under heat stress conditions, whereas the highest a bisabolol amount attained was 3.41% at the concentration of 100 mg*L 1 SA for the Bona cultivar under normal conditions. The results demonstrated that the application of exogenous salicylic acid increases the quantity and essential oil quality as a consequence of the increase of chamazulene and a bisabolol under normal and heat stress conditions.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ESSENTIAL OIL, CHAMAZULENE PERCENTAGE AND ANTI OXIDATION ENZYMES ACTIVITY CHANGES OF CHAMOMILE (MATRICARIA RECUTITA L. UNDER THE SOIL AND WATER SALINITY

Salinity is one of the common and major stresses in the world that decreases agricultural productivity in vast areas. The aims and objectives of the present study aretoevaluate the effects of salinity on agronomical and morphological characteristics, essential oil and Chamazulene percentage, and also its effect on anti oxidant enzymes of chamomile. This study was carried out as a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse of Department of Biology, Shahed University of Tehran between 2009 and 2010. Water and soil salinity treatments were non saline as the control, and 3.5, 6.5, 9.5 and 12.5 ds/m.Data collected from the experiment were analyzed by SAS software and the mean of treatments were compared based on the least significant difference (LSD) (P<=0.05).According to the results of variance analysis, there were significant differences (P<=0.01) among the various levels of salinity as far as the germination rate,mean of germination time,root length, dry weight of flowers,chamazulene percentage,nutrients uptake and peroxidase activity were concerned. The result of the study showed that water and soil salinity significantly affected plant height, essential oil percentage and Superoxide dismutase activity (P<=0.05).Salinity had a direct effect on yield, essential oil and Chamazolene percentage, and activity of antioxidant enzymes of chamomile.Chamomile is a plant that can accumulate salt in its roots, but it cannot be considered as a halophytic plant. Salinity decreased yield components and essential oil percentage, but it increased chamazolene percentage. While those essential oils of chamomile which contain high percentage of chamazolene are considered as the high quality essential oils, it can be said that essential oils extracted from chamomile grown in the saline conditions are more valuable, industrially.This study aims to help sustainable agriculture by evaluation and modification of soil salinity.
Robot Assisted Landing of VTOL UAVs: Design and Comparison of Coupled and Decoupling Linear State Space Control Approaches
Venue: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters

This paper addresses the problem of landing a VTOL UAV using a serial robotic manipulator fixed to the landing surface, which assists the UAV during the last, most challenging, landing phase. In this phase, UAV and manipulator are connected via a universal hinge, which decouples the flying vehicle's and the robot's end effector orientation. The main contribution of the paper is the design of a linear state space controller for position and orientation of the UAV while it is fixed to the manipulator. Furthermore, we compare a coupled and a decoupling realization of the model based controller with a model free controller. Both model based controllers consider the dynamics of an attitude controlled aerial vehicle and use the acceleration of the robot's end effector as control input. All three controllers are validated and compared in experiments using a KUKA/DLR light weight robot on a nonmoving base and an AR.Drone 2.0 quadrotor. The experimental results show that decoupling is superior to the coupled and the model free approach, since the orientation of the UAV rotorcraft is controlled more precisely.
Consistent depth maps estimation from binocular stereo video sequence

In the paper, an approach is proposed for the problem of consistency in depth maps estimation from binocular stereo video sequence. The consistent method includes temporal consistency and spatial consistency to eliminate the flickering artifacts and smooth inaccuracy in depth recovery. So the improved global stereo matching based on graph cut and energy optimization is implemented. In temporal domain, the penalty function with coherence factor is introduced for temporal consistency, and the factor is determined by Lucas Kanade optical flow weighted histogram similarity constraint (LKWHSC) In spatial domain, the joint bilateral truncated absolute difference (JBTAD) is proposed for segmentation smoothing. The method can smooth naturally and uniformly in low gradient region and avoid over smoothing as well as keep edge sharpness in high gradient discontinuities to realize spatial consistency. The experimental results show that the algorithm can obtain better spatial and temporal consistent depth maps compared with the existing algorithms.
Gender Differences in the Factors Explaining Risky Behavior Online
Venue: Journal of youth and adolescence

In searching for the social and cognitive antecedents of risky online behaviors, some studies have relied on the theory of planned behavior. According to the theory, three components serve as predictors of a given behavior attitudes toward the behavior (beliefs that people hold about a given behavior) subjective norms (perceptions of what significant others think about the behavior) and perceived behavior control (perceptions about the ease or difficulty of engaging in a particular behavior) However, none of these studies considered the possibility that these factors work differently for boys and girls. We constructed models of the possible antecedents (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavior control) of risky behavior online and tested them using a representative sample of 495 sixth to eleventh grade students (46 female) in a large city in Israel. We measured risky behavior online with items indicating the frequency of posting personal details, sending an insulting message and meeting face to face with a stranger met online. Structural equation modeling revealed that peers' subjective norms (beliefs that friends approve of engaging in risky online behaviors) parents' subjective norms (beliefs that parents accept involvement in risky online behaviors) and perceived behavior control were related to boys' risky behavior online, whereas for girls, only parents' subjective norms had such an association. Expanding the models to include other factors underscored that family factors were most strongly associated with girls' risky behavior online.
Cognitive Impairment and Critical Illness: A Chicken and an Egg.
Venue: Critical care medicine

Critical Care Medicine www.ccmjournal.org 2115 17. Sandroni C, Cariou A, Cavallaro F, et al: Prognostication in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest: An advisory statement from the European Resuscitation Council and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 2014;  Donnino MW, Fink EL, et al: Part 8: Post Cardiac Arrest Care: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2015; 132:S465 S482 19. Elmer J, Torres C, Aufderheide TP, et al: Association of early withdrawal of life sustaining therapy for perceived neurological prognosis with mortality after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016; 102:127 135 20. Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, et al: Predictors of survival from out ofhospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010; 3:63 81 21. Sanna T, La Torre G, de Waure C, et al: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone vs. cardiopulmonary resuscitation plus automated external defibrillator use by non healthcare professionals: A meta analysis on 1583 cases of out of hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2008; 76:226 232
Language to Logical Form with Neural Attention
Venue: ACL

Semantic parsing aims at mapping natural language to machine interpretable meaning representations. Traditional approaches rely on high quality lexicons, manually built templates, and linguistic features which are either domain or representation specific. In this paper we present a general method based on an attention enhanced encoder decoder model. We encode input utterances into vector representations, and generate their logical forms by conditioning the output sequences or trees on the encoding vectors. Experimental results on four datasets show that our approach performs competitively without using hand engineered features and is easy to adapt across domains and meaning representations.
Logical Modeling and Dynamical Analysis of Cellular Networks
Venue: Front. Genet.

The logical (or logic) formalism is increasingly used to model regulatory and signaling networks. Complementing these applications, several groups contributed various methods and tools to support the definition and analysis of logical models. After an introduction to the logical modeling framework and to several of its variants, we review here a number of recent methodological advances to ease the analysis of large and intricate networks. In particular, we survey approaches to determine model attractors and their reachability properties, to assess the dynamical impact of variations of external signals, and to consistently reduce large models. To illustrate these developments, we further consider several published logical models for two important biological processes, namely the differentiation of T helper cells and the control of mammalian cell cycle.
Simpler Context Dependent Logical Forms via Model Projections
Venue: ACL

We consider the task of learning a context dependent mapping from utterances to denotations. With only denotations at training time, we must search over a combinatorially large space of logical forms, which is even larger with context dependent utterances. To cope with this challenge, we perform successive projections of the full model onto simpler models that operate over equivalence classes of logical forms. Though less expressive, we find that these simpler models are much faster and can be surprisingly effective. Moreover, they can be used to bootstrap the full model. Finally, we collected three new context dependent semantic parsing datasets, and develop a new left to right parser.
Logical Effort Designing Fast Cmos Circuits

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Inferring Logical Forms From Denotations
Venue: ACL

A core problem in learning semantic parsers from denotations is picking out consistent logical forms those that yield the correct denotation from a combinatorially large space. To control the search space, previous work relied on restricted set of rules, which limits expressivity. In this paper, we consider a much more expressive class of logical forms, and show how to use dynamic programming to efficiently represent the complete set of consistent logical forms. Expressivity also introduces many more spurious logical forms which are consistent with the correct denotation but do not represent the meaning of the utterance. To address this, we generate fictitious worlds and use crowdsourced denotations on these worlds to filter out spurious logical forms. On the WikiTableQuestions dataset, we increase the coverage of answerable questions from 53.5% to 76% and the additional crowdsourced supervision lets us rule out 92.1% of spurious logical forms.
Representing Meaning with a Combination of Logical and Distributional Models
Venue: CL

NLP tasks differ in the semantic information they require, and at this time no single semantic representation fulfills all requirements. Logic based representations characterize sentence structure, but do not capture the graded aspect of meaning. Distributional models give graded similarity ratings for words and phrases, but do not capture sentence structure in the same detail as logic based approaches. It has therefore been argued that the two are complementary.We adopt a hybrid approach that combines logical and distributional semantics using probabilistic logic, specifically Markov Logic Networks. In this article, we focus on the three components of a practical system:1 1) Logical representation focuses on representing the input problems in probabilistic logic; 2) knowledge base construction creates weighted inference rules by integrating distributional information with other sources; and 3) probabilistic inference involves solving the resulting MLN inference problems efficiently. To evaluate our approach, we use the task of textual entailment, which can utilize the strengths of both logic based and distributional representations. In particular we focus on the SICK data set, where we achieve state of the art results. We also release a lexical entailment data set of 10,213 rules extracted from the SICK data set, which is a valuable resource for evaluating lexical entailment