nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Using linguistic knowledge for improving automatic speech recognition accuracy in air traffic control

Recently, a lot of research has been conducted to bring Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) into various areas of Air Traffic Control (ATC) such as air traffic control simulation and training, monitoring live operators for with the aim of safety improvements, air traffic controller workload measurement and conducting analysis on large quantities controllerpilot speech. However, due to the high accuracy requirements of the ATC context and its unique challenges such as call sign detection, the problem of poor input signal quality, the problem of ambiguity, the use of non standard phraseology and the problem of dialects, accents and multiple languages, ASR has not been widely adopted in this field. In this thesis, in order to take advantage of the availability of linguistic knowledge, particularly syntactic and semantic knowledge, in the ATC domain, I aim at using different levels of linguistic knowledge to improve the accuracy of ASR systems via three steps: language modeling, n best list re ranking using syntactic knowledge and n best list re ranking using semantic knowledge. Firstly, I propose a context dependent class n gram language model by combining the hybrid class n gram and context dependent language modeling approaches to address the two main challenges of language modeling in ATC, which are the lack of ATC related corpora for training and the location based data problem. Secondly, I use the first level of linguistic knowledge, syntactic knowledge to perform n best list re ranking. To facilitate this, I propose a novel feature called syntactic score and a WER Sensitive Pairwise Perceptron algorithm. I use the perceptron algorithm to combine the proposed feature with the speech decoder's confidence score feature to re rank the n best list. Thirdly, I combine syntactic knowledge with the next level of linguistc knowledge, semantic knowledge to re rank the n best list. To do this, I propose a feature called semantic relatedness. I use the WER Sensitive Pairwise Perceptron algorithm to combine the proposed feature with the syntactic score and speech decoder's confidence score features perform n best list re ranking. Finally, I build a baseline ASR system based on the Pocketsphinx recognizer from the CMU Sphinx framework, the CMUSphinx US English generic acoustic model and the generic cmudict SPHINX 40 pronunciation dictionary and the three above mentioned approaches. I evaluate the baseline ASR system in terms of Word Error Rate (WER) on the well known ATCOSIM Corpus of Non prompted Clean Air Traffic Control Speech (ATCOSIM) and my own Air Traffic Control Speech Corpus (ATCSC) The evaluation results show that the combination of the three proposed approaches reduces the WER of the baseline ASR system by 20.95% compared with traditional n gram language models in recognizing general clearances from the ATCSC corpus.
Synthesis and research of epoxy resin toughening agent
Venue: SpringerPlus

In this paper, a synthesis method of epoxy resin toughening agent was presented, then the chemical composition and molecular number were studied, which include the DSC curves analysis, the fracture surface morphology and bonding strength. In addition, the mechanism of epoxy resin toughening agent and the effect of toughening agent's content to bonding strength were studied. The testing results reveal that this toughening agent can form a micro two phase structure in epoxy amine system, which results in the stable chemical properties and excellent physical properties.
A framework for an integrated nuclear digital environment

A conceptual framework is proposed for a digital environment extending from the prototype design of nuclear plants through operations and decommissioning to storage and waste disposal. The environment consists of a series of interconnected multi scale, multi physics computational models linked to the real world by data acquired during validation of prototypes, in service monitoring and inspections of plant, post shut down inspections of plant and in situ monitoring of stored waste. The technology gaps for the implementation of the integrated nuclear digital environment (INDE) are identified and discussed together with the advantages to be gained from its implementation. Implementation of INDE will be dependent on future advances in High Performance Computing systems approaching the exascale and parallel advances in the development of algorithms for processing large amounts of data. The data itself will be acquired through innovations in measurement, analysis and uncertainty and will be applied through projects relating to lifetime extension, decommissioning and resurgent national science programmes. It is postulated that the existence of this type of framework might be inevitable given both nuclear specific and non nuclear drivers and may be essential for the nuclear industry to deliver current and future challenges from the clean up of legacy waste sites to time and budget, future generation nuclear reactors and small scale mass production of modular nuclear power plants. It is proposed that implementation of INDE will lead to shorten development times, reduced costs and increased credibility, operability, reliability and safety.
HUMAN UNIMODEL FOR NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE RELIABILITY (HUNTER) A FRAMEWORK FOR COMPUTATIONAL BASED HUMAN RELIABILITY ANALYSIS

A computation based human reliability analysis framework called the Human Unimodel for Nuclear Technology to Enhance Reliability (HUNTER) has been developed as part of the Risk Informed Safety Margin Characterization (RISMC) pathway within the U.S. Department of Energy's Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program that aims to extend the life of the currently operating fleet of U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. HUNTER is a flexible hybrid approach that functions as a framework for dynamic modeling, including a simplified model of human cognition a virtual operator that produces relevant outputs such as the human error probability (HEP) time spent on task, or task decisions based on relevant plant evolutions. HUNTER is the human reliability analysis counterpart to the Risk Analysis in a Virtual ENvironment (RAVEN) framework used for dynamic probabilistic risk assessment. Although both RAVEN and HUNTER are under various stages of development, this paper presents a successfully integrated and implemented RAVEN HUNTER initial demonstration. The demonstration centers on a station blackout scenario, using complexity as the sole virtual operator performance shaping factor (PSF) The implementation of RAVEN HUNTER can be readily scaled to other nuclear power plant scenarios of interest and will include additional PSFs in the future.
Political reconciliation in Timor Leste, Solomon Islands and Bougainville: the dark side of hybridity

In recent years, the study and practice of political reconciliation has experienced a turn to hybridity. This turn has been defined by the increased rate at which liberal international and local peacebuilding practices, and their underlying ideas, have become merged, integrated or co located in time and space. While hybrid approaches to reconciliation have been praised as an effective means of engaging local populations in peacebuilding operations, little attention has been paid to examining whether or not they also bring unintended negative consequences. Drawing on the cases of Timor Leste, Solomon Islands and Bougainville, this article examines the potentially dark side of hybridity. It demonstrates that, in each of these cases, hybrid approaches to political reconciliation have brought both positive and negative consequences. On the positive side of the equation, hybridity has seen imported international approaches to reconciliation adapted to meet local demands and ensure resonance with local populations. On the negative side, however, the misappropriation and instrumentalisation of local practices within hybrid approaches has served to damage their legitimacy and to jeopardise their contributions to reconciliation. The article thus concludes that the existence and extent of this dark side necessitates a re evaluation of how hybrid approaches to political reconciliation are planned and implemented.
Contact Tank Design Impact on Process Performance
Venue: Environmental Modeling Assessment

In this study three dimensional numerical models were refined to predict reactive processes in disinfection contact tanks (CTs) The methodology departs from the traditional performance assessment of contact tanks via hydraulic efficiency indicators, as it simulates directly transport and decay of the disinfectant, inactivation of pathogens and accumulation of by products. The method is applied to study the effects of inlet and compartment design on contact tank performance, with special emphasis on turbulent mixing and minimisation of internal recirculation and short circuiting. In contrast to the conventional approach of maximising the length to width ratio, the proposed design changes are aimed at addressing and mitigating adverse hydrodynamic structures, which have historically led to poor hydraulic efficiency in many existing contact tanks. The results suggest that water treatment facilities can benefit from in depth analyses of the flow and kinetic processes through computational fluid dynamics, resulting in up to 38 more efficient pathogen inactivation and 14 less disinfection by product formation.
Hurst Parameter Based Anomaly Detection for Intrusion Detection System
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT)

Cyber attack technologies have been evolved continuously. As a result, new attacks and their variants appearevery day. Also, intelligent and malicious attackers use varioustechniques to bypass the current signature and anomalydetection based intrusion detection systems. To detect thenew attacks more effectively, new anomaly detection modelis needed. In this paper, we propose a novel anomaly detectionmethod based on the self similarity estimation of systems andnetworks. We primarily use the self similarity property whichis characterized by the Hurst parameter. With the proposedmethod, we can detect network and system's anomaly statusby computing the change of self similarity value. We evaluatedthe effectiveness and efficiency of our approach using the'1999 DARPA Intrusion Detection Evaluation dataset' Also, we deployed the self similarity based IDS in the real watergrid system.
Self Harm and Suicidality in Children Referred for Gender Dysphoria.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

This study examined rates of self harm and suicidality (ideation and behavior) in children referred clinically for gender dysphoria compared with their siblings, and referred and nonreferred children from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) standardization sample. Predictors or correlates of self harm/suicidality were also examined.  The sample consisted of 572 gender referred children, 425 siblings, 878 referred children, and 903 nonreferred children. Parent report for 2 CBCL items was used to assess self harm and suicidality. CBCL total behavior problems and a metric of peer relationship problems were also used.  The gender referred children and the referred children from the standardization sample had significantly higher scores than siblings and nonreferred children in terms of self harm/suicidality, total behavior problems, and poor peer relations. Based on logistic regression analyses, gender referred children were 5.1 times more likely than nonreferred children to talk about suicide and 8.6 times more likely to self harm/attempt suicide, even after overall behavior problems and peer relationship problems were accounted for. In the final models, group, older age, and more total behavior problems, but not poor peer relations, were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of self harm/suicidality.  By parent report, children with gender dysphoria show an increased rate of self harm/suicidality as they get older. This risk was not simply an artifact of the presence of behavioral and emotional problems, although these problems were significant correlates of self harm/suicidality. Clinicians should routinely screen for the presence of suicidal ideation and behavior in children with gender dysphoria, particularly during the second half of childhood.
Vulnerability and Resilience Among Gender Nonconforming Children and Adolescents: Mental Health Professionals Have a Key Role to Play.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

ublic awareness of nonconformity in gender identity and expression among children and adolescents has P reached unprecedented heights. This increased visibility has led to frequent discourse in the media as well as in professional organizations and among policy makers. For example, The New York Times regularly publishes articles on this topic; the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has recommended practice guidelines for gender nonconforming children; and several US states have adopted a ban on conversion therapy that pertains to sexual orientation as well as gender identity. The ongoing debate is fueled by consideration of the appropriateness of a diagnosis of gender dysphoria, particularly for children, to be included in the DSM 5 and the upcoming revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Proponents have argued that gender dysphoria is inherently distressing, and that the diagnosis will facilitate access to clinical services to alleviate this distress, as well as foster research to further advance our understanding of the phenomenon. On the other hand, critics have argued that such a mental health diagnosis contributes to social stigma, further adding to the distress of gender nonconforming children, and therefore that the environment, not the child, needs to be the focus of intervention. We urgently need research on the different manifestations of nonconformity in gender identity and expression that has the potential to inform such public discourse and professional debate. A greater understanding of these manifestations will provide guidance to policy makers and practitioners. An example is a newly published study in this issue of the Journal that reveals that gender nonconforming children are at increased risk for self harm and suicide. Here, the data collected from children referred to a specialized gender identity service at an academic health center in the period 1976 to 2015 provided a unique opportunity to examine their vulnerability to self harm and suicide. The authors compared the parent report forms of the Child Behavior Checklist of 572 of these children, who ranged in age from 3 to 12 years, with that of their siblings, other clinic referred children, and nonclinical controls. Results indicated that children with gender dysphoria had higher rates of suicidal ideation (19.1% and self harm or suicide attempts (6.6% compared to their siblings and to nonclinical controls. Predictors included older age (for suicidal ideation) and general behavior problems (for suicidal ideation, self harm,
Customer perception regarding Shari'ah compliance of Islamic banking sector of Pakistan

This paper aims to analyze the impact of Shari'ah compliance perception on customer satisfaction in Islamic banking sector of Pakistan.  Primary data were collected from 242 account holders of Islamic banks and Islamic banking branches of conventional commercial banks and analyzed by correlation and regression through self administered questionnaires based on SERVQUAL model.  Significant moderating effects of Shari'ah compliance perception on the relation between service quality and customer satisfaction have been identified.  As a cross sectional study with convenience sampling restricts generalizability and because financial benefits offered by banks were not included as a variable, the scope of this study is limited to service quality only. Future research may focus on the moderating effect of Shari'ah compliance perception through longitudinal study with larger sample size in a multi cultural environment.  Results of this paper recommend Islamic banks to focus on their core strength "Shari'ah compliance" while developing their product/service and building marketing strategies. Moreover, assurance of high quality services will sustain such strategies against competition with conventional banks. Social implications Islamic banks must primarily develop their brand through extensive communication and public awareness programs regarding Shari'ah compliance standards in terms of products/services, policy/procedures, code of conduct and Shari'ah board.  This research examines moderating role of Shari'ah compliance perception between service quality and customer satisfaction in Islamic banking sector of an Islamic Republic with dual banking system. This interactive effect of Shari'ah compliance perception has not been found as an overriding theme in any of the main stream journals/articles. Therefore, this study fills this gap.
A Comparative Study of Customer Perception toward E banking Services Provided By Selected Private Public Sector Bank in India

The purpose of this paper is to determine the customer's perception toward the e banking services. A total of number of customer taken for the study is 196. Analysis of variance technique is employed to study the significant relationship between the occupation and customer perception of e banking services and significant relationship between the age and customer perception of e banking services. The result of the study clearly shows that different age group of customer and different occupation group of customers have different perception toward the e banking services. The results also propose that demographic factors impact significantly internet banking behaviour, specifically, occupation and age. Finally, this paper suggests that an understanding about the customer's perception regarding the e banking services of public and private banks it will help to the banker to understand the customers need in better way.
Customer perception of CSR initiatives: its antecedents and consequences

The trend of CSR activities are rising in Pakistan. Also SECP has given a more comprehensive set of guidelines aiming at reinforcing practices of CSR in the Pakistani firms. This institutional backdrop highlights the fact that developing countries of Asian region like Pakistan are catching up with their developed counterparts regarding CSR practices.  Structural equation modeling is used after using different (valid and reliable) instruments to measure latent constructs. The study has a sample size of 250 "CSR Consumers" who had some knowledge and awareness of CSR and green image being advertised and or labeled by the company (such as printing 'Recycled' or other eco friendly images/labels on shopping bag, fliers, outlets etc. and are consumers/customers of such firms. The respondent's awareness was measured by randomly asking them to recall organizations that might have eco friendly policies.  The key findings of the study are that perceived fit of culture along with CSR capability radically influences CSR perception within consumer minds and so, subsequently, customer attachment and overall performance of the corporation. The outcomes bestow significant ramifications for marketing and advertising philosophy combined with practice Practical implications Stakeholders exist in the form of consumers other than employees. So consumer satisfaction must be imparted its fair share of importance. Managers must make sure that initiatives for societal benefit are well accepted and well recognized by consumers in a positive array of light. Corporations enthusiastically involved in initiating CSR activities and forecast a positive income. The study guides managers into not falling this misconception and by recognizing that the fact is that the company managers must only expect higher performance levels once their CSR is in synchronization with the firm's culture.  A number of studies have been conducted about CSR practices in the Indian context for example (Khan and Atkinson, 1987; Krishna, 1992; Arora and Puranik, 2004; Sood and Arora, 2006; Mishra and Suar, 2010) however; there is dearth of research in its neighbouring country Pakistan about CSR practices and consumer perceptions. Therefore, this research aims to fill this gap by examining CSR practices in Pakistan which has similar historical and colonial roots with India. In doing so, this study ascertains the impact of CSR activities conducted on various consumer and corporate related dimensions that incorporate customer loyalty, consumer attachment, and corporate performance.
Replacing Judgment by Statistics: Constructing Consumer Confidence Indicators on the basis of Data driven Techniques. The Case of the Euro Area

This article compares the properties of the European Commission (EC) Consumer Confidence Indicator (CCI) for the euro area with three alternative indices which differ from the former in that they (i) consider a richer set of survey questions and (ii) are the result of data driven statistical techniques, rather than the simple arithmetic mean of the input series. The alternative indicators are shown to fail to produce significantly better forecasts of expansions and contractions in private consumption, once information from relevant, timely available hard data is controlled for. The conclusions change, however, if the analysis is re conducted on well defined subsets of survey questions. Concretely, the application of the alternative construction techniques to a data set which is limited to questions about consumers' personal finances produces an indicator which, combined with relevant macro economic time series, yields significant improvements in forecasting expansions and contractions in private consumption.