nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Trans fatty acids in the Portuguese food market
Venue: Food control

Consistent evidence exist on the harmful health effects of industrial trans fatty acids (TFA) In order to have accurate data on TFA intake and implement adequate measures to reduce their intake, each country should have updated estimates of TFA content in the diet. The objective of the present study was to provide data on the TFA content in food commercialized in the Portuguese market. The results on the TFA content of 268 samples acquired between October and December 2013 are reported. Samples were categorized as margarines and shortenings (n 16) spreadable chocolate fats (n 6) fried potatoes and chips (n 25) industrial bakery (n 4) breakfast cereals (n 3) pastry products (n 120) seasonings (n 5) instant soups (n 5) instant desserts (n 6) chocolate snacks (n 4) microwave popcorn (n 4) cookies, biscuits and wafers (n 53) and fast food (n 13) with butter (n 4) included for comparison purposes. TFA were quantified by gas chromatography. Total TFA content in the fat ranged from 0.06% to 30.2% (average 1.9% with the highest average values in the "biscuits, wafers and cookies" group (3.4% TFA) followed by the pastry group (2.0% Fifty samples (19% had TFA superior to 2% in the fat. These findings highlight there is still much need for improvement in terms of the TFA content in Portuguese foods, particularly in traditional pastry.
Evidence based decision support for pediatric rheumatology reduces diagnostic errors
Venue: Pediatric Rheumatology

BackgroundThe number of trained specialists world wide is insufficient to serve all children with pediatric rheumatologic disorders, even in the countries with robust medical resources. We evaluated the potential of diagnostic decision support software (DDSS) to alleviate this shortage by assessing the ability of such software to improve the diagnostic accuracy of non specialists.MethodsUsing vignettes of actual clinical cases, clinician testers generated a differential diagnosis before and after using diagnostic decision support software. The evaluation used the SimulConsult(r) DDSS tool, based on Bayesian pattern matching with temporal onset of each finding in each disease. The tool covered 5405 diseases (averaging 22 findings per disease) Rheumatology content in the database was developed using both primary references and textbooks. The frequency, timing, age of onset and age of disappearance of findings, as well as their incidence, treatability, and heritability were taken into account in order to guide diagnostic decision making. These capabilities allowed key information such as pertinent negatives and evolution over time to be used in the computations. Efficacy was measured by comparing whether the correct condition was included in the differential diagnosis generated by clinicians before using the software "unaided" versus after use of the DDSS "aided".ResultsThe 26 clinicians demonstrated a significant reduction in diagnostic errors following introduction of the software, from 28% errors while unaided to 15% using decision support (p 0.0001) Improvement was greatest for emergency medicine physicians (p 0.013) and clinicians in practice for less than 10 years (p 0.012) This error reduction occurred despite the fact that testers employed an "open book" approach to generate their initial lists of potential diagnoses, spending an average of 8.6 min using printed and electronic sources of medical information before using the diagnostic software.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that decision support can reduce diagnostic errors and improve use of relevant information by generalists. Such assistance could potentially help relieve the shortage of experts in pediatric rheumatology and similarly underserved specialties by improving generalists' ability to evaluate and diagnose patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints.
The differential effects of functional vis a vis relational customer orientation on salesperson creativity

Drawing on creativity theory, this study investigates how customer orientation (CO) affects salesperson creativity and subsequent sales performance. The research distinguishes two types of CO, functional and relational CO, and examines how their effects on creativity may depend on contextual factors such as transformational leadership and team based task environment. Data from a cross sectional sample of business to business salespeople lend support for the theoretical framework. First, relational CO and functional CO have a positive interactive effect on creativity. Second, relational CO positively affects creativity only when the sales manager exhibits a higher level of transformational leadership, whereas functional CO is more impactful when the sales unit has a higher level of outcome interdependence. Third, salesperson creativity has a stronger positive effect on sales performance when the salesperson engages in customer directed extra role behavior. Finally, results indicate that the effect of functional CO on sales performance is fully mediated by salesperson creativity.
Learning of Relative Spatial Concepts from ambiguous instructions

Nowadays, the research that robots learn the meaning of a word by relating speech instructions with signals of the sensorimotor system has started. Lots of pre research on learning 'concept' that means the meaning of a word by robot have used the co occurrence information of words and sensor signals directly. However, relative concepts, such as color, size or location, require comparing with other objects or concepts. The objects or concepts used for comparison are called "reference object." In human computer interaction, reference point may not be explicitly communicated, because human utterance is ambiguous. Therefore, estimating a true reference object from the multi candidate is necessary to learn relative concepts. In this paper, we propose a learning method based on EM algorithm to estimate the reference point and learn relative concepts. In our experiments, a robot learned concepts expressing relative location, such as 'in front of or 'behind. The robot was given text labels expressing its locations from a human teacher in several situations. Nevertheless, the instructions didn't include the true reference points and the coordinate system of each concept. Under these conditions, the robot could learn the concepts based on coordinate systems have the orientations of the reference objects or the teacher.
New omega vortex identification method

A new vortex identification criterion called O method is proposed based on the ideas that vorticity overtakes deformation in vortex. The comparison with other vortex identification methods like Q criterion and l2 method is conducted and the advantages of the new method can be summarized as follows: (1) the method is able to capture vortex well and very easy to perform; (2) the physical meaning of O is clear while the interpretations of iso surface values of Q and l2 chosen to visualize vortices are obscure; (3) being different from Q and l2 iso surface visualization which requires wildly various thresholds to capture the vortex structure properly, O is pretty universal and does not need much adjustment in different cases and the iso surfaces of O=0.52 can always capture the vortices properly in all the cases at different time steps, which we investigated; (4) both strong and weak vortices can be captured well simultaneously while improper Q and l2 threshold may lead to strong vortex capture while weak vortices are lost or weak vortices are captured but strong vortices are smeared; (5) O=0.52 is a quantity to approximately define the vortex boundary. Note that, to calculate O, the length and velocity must be used in the non dimensional form. From our direct numerical simulation, it is found that the vorticity direction is very different from the vortex rotation direction in general 3 D vortical flow, the Helmholtz velocity decomposition is reviewed and vorticity is proposed to be further decomposed to vortical vorticity and non vortical vorticity.
Nature vs. Nurture: Evidence for Social Learning of Conflict Behaviour in Grizzly Bears
Venue: PloS one

The propensity for a grizzly bear to develop conflict behaviours might be a result of social learning between mothers and cubs, genetic inheritance, or both learning and inheritance. Using non invasive genetic sampling, we collected grizzly bear hair samples during 2011 2014 across southwestern Alberta, Canada. We targeted private agricultural lands for hair samples at grizzly bear incident sites, defining an incident as an occurrence in which the grizzly bear caused property damage, obtained anthropogenic food, or killed or attempted to kill livestock or pets. We genotyped 213 unique grizzly bears (118 M, 95 F) at 24 microsatellite loci, plus the amelogenin marker for sex. We used the program COLONY to assign parentage. We evaluated 76 mother offspring relationships and 119 father offspring relationships. We compared the frequency of problem and non problem offspring from problem and non problem parents, excluding dependent offspring from our analysis. Our results support the social learning hypothesis, but not the genetic inheritance hypothesis. Offspring of problem mothers are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviours, while offspring from non problem mothers are not likely to be involved in incidents or human bear conflicts themselves (Barnard's test, p 0.05, 62.5% of offspring from problem mothers were problem bears) There was no evidence that offspring are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviour if their fathers had been problem bears (Barnard's test, p 0.92, 29.6% of offspring from problem fathers were problem bears) For the mother offspring relationships evaluated, 30.3% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their mother's conflict status. Similarly, 28.6% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their father's conflict status. Proactive mitigation to prevent female bears from becoming problem individuals likely will help prevent the perpetuation of conflicts through social learning.
Endogenous or exogenous? The data don't say
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

In an exciting in depth study of Korean language learners, Han, Musolino, and Lidz (1) show that children often arrive at grammars that do not match their parents. Learners appear to choose between multiple linguistic systems that are consistent with their most direct observed evidence. The authors frame these results as informing the nature vs. nurture debate: because learners acquire a grammar that is not determined by their input, they must be bringing information to the problem "on the basis of an internally driven learning mechanism" (1)
Spam Email Detection Using Deep Support Vector Machine, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network

Emails are a very important part of our life today for information sharing. It is used for both personal communication as well as business purposes. But the internet also opens up the prospect of an enormous amount of junk and useless information which overwhelms and irritates us. These unnecessary and unsolicited emails are what comprise of spam. This study presents the application of a classification model to classify spam emails from using a model Deep Support Vector Machine (Deep SVM) Moreover, other classifier models like Support Vector Machine (SVM) Artificial Neural Network models have also been implemented to compare the performance of proposed Deep SVM model. Furthermore analysis has been done to compare all the performances using available numerical statistics obtained from these models to find the best model for the purpose. Spam filtering is a very essential feature in most email services and thus effective spam classification models are pertinent to the current digital communication scenario and various work has been done in this area.
Modulation Optimization Effect on Total Harmonic Distortion of Single Phase H Bridge Inverter Based Selective Harmonics Elimination Technique
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE)

Specific odd harmonics can be mitigated by operating the simeconductor switches in H bridge inverters at optimized switching angles of the PWM signals. These switching angles can be achieved by calculating a set of nonlinear equations using Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHE PWM) technique. Modulation index (m) is a significant parameter used to control the amplitude of the fundamental output voltage of DC AC inverter. By changing the value of modulation index the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) also will change. In this paper, the influence of varying modulation index on the THD, and the performance of H bridge inverter using SHE PWM scheme is evaluated. To investigate the effect different conditions of modulation index and different number of nonlinear equations to calculate the switching angles to achieve a minimum THD, single phase H bridge inverter is simulated in Matlab Simulink.
Energy big data: A survey
Venue: IEEE Access

As a significant application of energy, smart grid is a complicated interconnected power grid that involves sensors, deployment strategies, smart meters, and real time data processing. It continuously generates data with large volume, high velocity, and diverse variety. In this paper, we first give a brief introduction on big data, smart grid, and big data application in the smart grid scenario. Then, recent studies and developments are summarized in the context of integrated architecture and key enabling technologies. Meanwhile, security issues are specifically addressed. Finally, we introduce several typical big data applications and point out future challenges in the energy domain.
On the influence of cold water coral mound size on flow hydrodynamics, and vice versa

Using a combination of in situ observations and idealistic 2 D nonhydrostatic numericalsimulations, the relation between cold water coral (CWC) mound size and hydrodynamics is explored forthe Rockall Bank area in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is shown that currents generated by topographicallytrapped tidal waves in this area cause large isopycnal depressions resulting from an internal hydrauliccontrol above CWC mounds. The oxygen concentration distribution is used as a tracer to visualize the flowbehavior and the turbulent mixing above the mounds. By comparing two CWC mounds of different sizesand located close to each other, it is shown that the resulting mixing is highly dependent on the size of themound. The effects of the hydraulic control for mixing, nutrient availability, and ecosystem functioning arealso discussed.
EARLIEST DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CLASSIFICATION USING DEEP CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORKS

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Interactions between geomorphological heritage and cultural landscape of Serra do Alvao: the perspective of cultural geomorphology

Cultural Geomorphology seeks to reveal the multiplicity of dimensions, meanings and values intrinsic to geomorphological heritage while supporting the cultural landscape in its interaction with the historical and archaeological, architectural or immaterial heritage. In this perspective, the concept of geomorphosite includes landforms that stand out for their importance to the shaping of the landscape, its cultural significance or its economic value. This paper presents an inventory of potential geomorphosites, in Serra do Alvao and the Teloes Chaves basin, from the perspective of Cultural Geomorphology, comprising detailed and intermediate forms, as well as structural forms that define the broad lines of the relief. This inventory was based on past and present use value, considering the scientific, educational, environmental, landscape, productive and architectural functions. The inventoried and georeferenced sites were then subject to a qualitative assessment that sought to describe and justify their heritage value.
The Nazi Doctors And The Nuremberg Code Human Rights In Human Experimentation

Thank you for reading the nazi doctors and the nuremberg code human rights in human experimentation. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this the nazi doctors and the nuremberg code human rights in human experimentation, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer.
Implementation of an improved chaotic encryption algorithm for real time embedded systems by using a 32 bit microcontroller
Venue: Microprocess. Microsystems

Chaotic encryption algorithm is implemented in 32 bit microcontroller to protect text.Security analysis shows the effectiveness of the encryption for real time applications.Performance and resources analysis justify the implementation of the system.The implementation has high potential to be used in embedded systems in military, telemedicine, etc. Currently, several embedded applications in military, industry, banking transference, e commerce, biometric systems and others use insecure communication channels such as Internet to transmit or store confidential information. Therefore, the integrity and security of information are an important issue in continuous research. In last years, chaotic systems have been proposed in cryptography due they have several properties related with cryptography properties such as extreme sensibility on initial conditions with confusion and ergodicity with diffusion. In this paper, we present a 32 bit microcontroller implementation of an improved text encryption algorithm (based on Murillo Escobar's algorithm 13) for real time embedded systems and we present a complete security analysis such as key size analysis, key sensitivity, plain text sensitivity, floating frequency, histograms, N grams, autocorrelation, information entropy, robustness against classic attacks, randomness analysis, and security characteristics. In addition, the digital implementation and performance are analyzed such as programming details, memory required, frequency system, implementation costs and encryption time. In contrast with recent approaches presented in literature, we present a complete security analysis in both statistical and implementation level, to justify the proposed scheme in a real application. Based in the results, the proposed embedded text encryption system is secure, effective and at low cost, and it could be implemented in real time cryptosystem based on microcontroller.
Forest social values in a Swedish rural context: The private forest owners' perspective

The sustainability paradigm of the European Landscape Convention calls for increased involvement of all affected parties in combination with active leadership to promote social values. As a result, the Swedish Forest Agency (SFA) has requested further development of methods for broad consultation and active participation in order to strengthen the social values of forests. This paper aims to identify in particular the private forest owners' perceived need for collaboration and dialog regarding the social values of forests. The study's primary empirical data was derived from interviews with 40 private forest owners. A framework developed by Emerson et al. (2012) was applied to facilitate analysis of the forest owners' perceptions of procedural and institutional arrangements, existing leadership, the current level of knowledge and access to different types of resources. The paper identifies a need for the SFA to become more proactive and assume more of a leading role. The level of knowledge regarding social values was found to be quite low among the majority of the private forest owners. They wanted more information; they asked for increased support and advice, and they wanted to see improved coordination rather than collaboration on social values.
Justifying social values of nature: Economic reasoning beyond self interested preferences

Demonstrating that conservation is not only beneficial for nature but also for human well being is as much desirable as it is challenging. Undoubtedly, using economic numbers hold some great promises, there is, however, a considerable number of critical reflections on using economic thinking to promote nature conservation. A recent aspect within these critics is that economic theory has failed on appreciating the multiple values (not only 'individual' but also 'shared' and 'social' values) of nature. Against this background, we will firstly show that the total economic value concept covers a broad range of value dimension and that preferences of self interested rational individuals may well cover also social or group values, although unclear to what degree. Secondly, we will highlight that economic theories on 'merit goods' developed by Richard A. Musgrave or the constitutional economics approach related to James M. Buchanan and others provide an as yet neglected but useful strand of arguments for the existence of values beyond individual preferences and that discourse ethics calls for deliberation to disclose those value dimensions. We will thirdly demonstrate how economic valuation methods could be improved by integrating deliberative elements in order to capture social value components in valuation exercises. As methods strongly shape valuation outcomes, it is a question of the practical purpose and of the ethical context of the valuation exercise that should determine which approach to choose.
Promoting Native American College Student Recruitment Retention in Higher Education.

Richard S. Mosholder is an associate professor of psychology and Carolee A. Larsen is a lecturer in sociology, both with the Department of First Year and Transition Studies at Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia. Bryan Waite is an associate professor in International and Multicultural Studies and Christopher Goslin is an associate professor in Student Leadership and Success Studies, both at Utah Valley University, Orem, Utah. how best to communicate with Native students and to establish effective mentoring and advising relationships. Current theoretical models of persistence often assume a deficit based lens and assume students must conform to institutional norms (Harper, 2010; Hurtado Carter, 1997; Rendon, Jalomo Nora, 2000; Tierney, 1992) In extending the results of our previous two studies and to develop the survey that we used for the current study, we employed an assets based approach. We wanted to understand what contributes to Native American student success in a very Eurocentric environment and what role an institution could play in facilitating that success.