nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Global equatorial plasma bubble occurrence during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

An analysis of the occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) around the world during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm is presented. A network of 12 Global Positioning System receivers spanning from South America to Southeast Asia was used, in addition to colocated VHF receivers at three stations and four nearby ionosondes. The suppression of postsunset EPBs was observed across most longitudes over 2 days. The EPB observations were compared to calculations of the linear Rayleigh Taylor growth rate using coupled thermosphere ionosphere modeling, which successfully modeled the transition of favorable EPB growth from postsunset to postmidnight hours during the storm. The mechanisms behind the growth of postmidnight EPBs during this storm were investigated. While the latter stages of postmidnight EPB growth were found to be dominated by disturbance dynamo effects, the initial stages of postmidnight EPB growth close to local midnight were found to be controlled by the higher altitudes of the plasma (i.e. the gravity term) Modeling and observations revealed that during the storm the ionospheric plasma was redistributed to higher altitudes in the low latitude region, which made the plasma more susceptible to Rayleigh Taylor growth prior to the dominance of the disturbance dynamo in the eventual generation of postmidnight EPBs.
The first super geomagnetic storm of solar cycle 24: "The St. Patrick's day event (17 March 2015)"
Venue: Earth, Planets and Space

The first super geomagnetic storm (Dst 200 nT) of solar cycle 24 occurred on "St. Patrick's day" (17 March 2015) Notably, it was a two step storm. The source of the storm can be traced back to the solar event on 15 March 2015. At ~2:10 UT on that day, SOHO/LASCO C3 recorded a partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) which was associated with a C9.1/1F flare (S22W25) and a series of type II/IV radio bursts. The initial propagation speed of this CME is estimated to be ~668 km/s. An interplanetary (IP) shock, likely driven by a magnetic cloud (MC) arrived at the Wind spacecraft at 03:59 UT on 17 March and caused a sudden storm commencement. The storm intensified during the Earth's crossing of the ICME/shock sheath and then recovered slightly after the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned northward. The IMF started turning southward again due to a large MC field itself, which caused the second storm intensification, reaching a minimum value (Dst 223 nT) It is found that the first step is caused by a southward IMF component in the sheath (between the upstream shock and the front of the MC) whereas the second step is associated with the passage of the MC. The CME that erupted on 15 March is the sole solar source of the MC. We also discuss the CME/storm event with detailed data from observations (Wind and SOHO) and our algorithm for predicting the intensity of a geomagnetic storm (Dstmin) from known IP parameter values. We found that choosing the correct Dstmin estimating formula for predicting the intensity of MC associated geomagnetic storms is crucial for space weather predictions.
Peculiar features of the low latitude and midlatitude ionospheric response to the St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2015

The current study aims at investigating and identifying the ionospheric effects of the geomagnetic storm that occurred during 17 19 March 2015. Incidentally, with SYM H hitting a minimum of 232 nT, this was the strongest storm of the current solar cycle 24. The study investigates how the storm has affected the equatorial, low latitude, and midlatitude ionosphere in the American and the European sectors using available ground based ionosonde and GPS TEC (total electron content) data. The possible effects of prompt electric field penetration is observed in both sectors during the main phase of the storm. In the American sector, the coexistence of both positive and negative ionospheric storm phases are observed at low latitudes and midlatitudes to high latitudes, respectively. The positive storm phase is mainly due to the prompt penetration electric fields. The negative storm phase in the midlatitude region is a combined effect of disturbance dynamo electric fields, the equatorward shift of the midlatitude density trough, and the equatorward compression of the plasmapause in combination with chemical compositional changes. Strong negative ionospheric storm phase is observed in both ionosonde and TEC observations during the recovery phase which also shows a strong hemispherical asymmetry. Additionally, the variation of equatorial ionization anomaly as seen through the SWARM constellation plasma measurements across different longitudes has been discussed. We, also, take a look at the performance of the IRI Real Time Assimilative Mapping during this storm as an ionospheric space weather tool.
Formation of ionospheric irregularities over Southeast Asia during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

We investigate the geospace response to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm leveraging on instruments spread over Southeast Asia (SEA) covering a wide longitudinal sector of the low latitude ionosphere. A regional characterization of the storm is provided, identifying the peculiarities of ionospheric irregularity formation. The novelties of this work are the characterization in a broad longitudinal range and the methodology relying on the integration of data acquired by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, magnetometers, ionosondes, and Swarm satellites. This work is a legacy of the project EquatoRial Ionosphere Characterization in Asia (ERICA) ERICA aimed to capture the features of both crests of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) and trough (EIT) by means of a dedicated measurement campaign. The campaign lasted from March to October 2015 and was able to observe the ionospheric variability causing effects on radio systems, GNSS in particular. The multiinstrumental and multiparametric observations of the region enabled an in depth investigation of the response to the largest geomagnetic storm of the current solar cycle in a region scarcely reported in literature. Our work discusses the comparison between northern and southern crests of the EIA in the SEA region. The observations recorded positive and negative ionospheric storms, spread F conditions, scintillation enhancement and inhibition, and total electron content variability. The ancillary information on the local magnetic field highlights the variety of ionospheric perturbations during the different storm phases. The combined use of ionospheric bottomside, topside, and integrated information points out how the storm affects the F layer altitude and the consequent enhancement/suppression of scintillations.
Flash flood susceptibility analysis and its mapping using different bivariate models in Iran: a comparison between Shannon's entropy, statistical index, and weighting factor models
Venue: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Flooding is a very common worldwide natural hazard causing large scale casualties every year; Iran is not immune to this thread as well. Comprehensive flood susceptibility mapping is very important to reduce losses of lives and properties. Thus, the aim of this study is to map susceptibility to flooding by different bivariate statistical methods including Shannon's entropy (SE) statistical index (SI) and weighting factor (Wf) In this regard, model performance evaluation is also carried out in Haraz Watershed, Mazandaran Province, Iran. In the first step, 211 flood locations were identified by the documentary sources and field inventories, of which 70% (151 positions) were used for flood susceptibility modeling and 30% (60 positions) for evaluation and verification of the model. In the second step, ten influential factors in flooding were chosen, namely slope angle, plan curvature, altitude, topographic wetness index (TWI) stream power index (SPI) distance from river, rainfall, geology, land use, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) In the next step, flood susceptibility maps were prepared by these four methods in ArcGIS. As the last step, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for quantitative assessment of each model. The results showed that the best model to estimate the susceptibility to flooding in Haraz Watershed was SI model with the prediction and success rates of 99.71 and 98.72% respectively, followed by Wf and SE models with the AUC values of 98.1 and 96.57% for the success rate, and 97.6 and 92.42% for the prediction rate, respectively. In the SI and Wf models, the highest and lowest important parameters were the distance from river and geology. Flood susceptibility maps are informative for managers and decision makers in Haraz Watershed in order to contemplate measures to reduce human and financial losses.
Quasistatic normal compliance contact problem of visco elastic bodies with Coulomb friction implemented by QP and SGBEM

The quasistatic normal compliance contact problem of isotropic homogeneous linear visco elastic bodies with Coulomb friction at small strains in Kelvin Voigt rheology is considered. The discretization is made by a semi implicit formula in time and the Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method (SGBEM) in space, assuming that the ratio of the viscosity and elasticity moduli is a given relaxation time coefficient. The obtained recursive minimization problem, formulated only on the contact boundary, has a nonsmooth cost function. If the normal compliance responds linearly and the 2D problems are considered, then the cost function is piecewise quadratic, which after a certain transformation gets the quadratic programming (QP) structure. However, it would lead to second order cone programming in 3D problems. Finally, several computational tests are presented and analysed, with additional discussion on numerical stability and convergence of the involved approximated Poincare Steklov operators.
High prevalence of extended spectrum and plasmidic AmpC beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli from poultry in Tunisia.
Venue: International journal of food microbiology

This study was conducted to detect extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmidic AmpC beta lactamase (pAmpC BL) producing Escherichia coli isolates in industrial poultry samples were collected from healthy chickens of the three farms. Samples were inoculated onto desoxycholate lactose agar plates supplemented with cefotaxime (2mg/L) E. coli was identified by biochemical and molecular methods and antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method. Genes encoding ESBLs and pAmpC BL were detected by PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic groups were determined by triplex PCR. The molecular typing of strains was done by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) in those isolates showing different PFGE patterns. Cefotaxime resistant E. coli isolates were recovered in 48 of 137 fecal samples (35% and one isolate/sample was further studied. The following beta lactamase genes were detected: blaCTX M 1 (29 isolates, isolated in all three farms) blaCTX M 15 (5 isolates, confined in farm II) blaCTX M 14 and blaCMY 2 (one isolate and 13 isolates, respectively, in farm III) The 48 cefotaxime resistant isolates were distributed into phylogroups: B1 (n=21) A (n=15) and D (n=12) PFGE analysis revealed 19 unrelated patterns: 15 different profiles among ESBL positive strains and 4 among the CMY 2 positive isolates. The following sequence types associated phylogroups were detected: a) CTX M 1 positive strains: lineages ST542 B1, ST212 B1, ST58 B1, ST155 B1 and ST349 D; b) CTX M 15 positive strain: lineage ST405 D; c) CTX M 14 positive strain: lineage ST1056 B1; d) CMY 2 positive strains: lineages ST117 D, ST2197 A, and ST155 B1. Healthy chickens constitute an important reservoir of ESBL and pAmpC BL producing E. coli isolates that potentially could be transmitted to humans via the food chain or by direct contact.
Interpreting angina: symptoms along a gender continuum
Venue: Open Heart

Typical' angina is often used to describe symptoms common among men, while 'atypical' angina is used to describe symptoms common among women, despite a higher prevalence of angina among women. This discrepancy is a source of controversy in cardiac care among women.  To redefine angina by (1) qualitatively comparing angina symptoms and experiences in women and men and (2) to propose a more meaningful construct of angina that integrates a more gender centred approach.  Patients were recruited between July and December 2010 from a tertiary cardiac care centre and interviewed immediately prior to their first angiogram. Symptoms were explored through in depth semi structured interviews, transcribed verbatim and analysed concurrently using a modified grounded theory approach. Angiographically significant disease was assessed at =70% stenosis of a major epicardial vessel.  Among 31 total patients, 13 men and 14 women had angiograpically significant CAD. Patients describe angina symptoms according to 6 symptomatic subthemes that array along a 'gender continuum' Gender specific symptoms are anchored at each end of the continuum. At the centre of the continuum, are a remarkably large number of symptoms commonly expressed by both men and women.  The 'gender continuum' offers new insights into angina experiences of angiography candidates. Notably, there is more overlap of shared experiences between men and women than conventionally thought. The gender continuum can help researchers and clinicians contextualise patient symptom reports, avoiding the conventional 'typical' versus 'atypical' distinction that can misrepresent gendered angina experiences.
Patient and physician discordance in reporting symptoms of angina among stable coronary artery disease patients: Insights from the Angina Prevalence and Provider Evaluation of Angina Relief (APPEAR) study.
Venue: American heart journal

A principal goal of treating patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is to minimize angina and optimize quality of life. For this, physicians must accurately assess presence and frequency of patients' angina. The accuracy with which cardiologists estimate their patients' angina in contemporary, busy outpatient clinics across the United States (US) is unknown.  We enrolled patients with CAD across 25 US cardiology outpatient practices. Patients completed the Seattle Angina Questionnaire before their visit, which assessed their angina and quality of life over the prior 4 weeks. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire angina frequency domain categorized patients' angina as none, daily/weekly, or monthly. After the visit, cardiologists estimated the frequency of their patients' angina using the same categories. Kappa statistic helped to assess agreement between patient reported and cardiologist estimated angina.  Among 1,257 outpatients with CAD, 67% reported no angina, 25% reported monthly angina, and 8% reported daily/weekly angina. When patients reported no angina, cardiologists accurately estimated this 93% of the time, but when patients reported monthly or daily/weekly angina symptoms, cardiologists agreed 17% and 69% of the time, respectively. Among patients with daily/weekly angina, 26% were noted as having no angina by their physicians. Agreement between patients' and cardiologists' reports (assessed by the kappa statistic) was 0.48 (95% CI 0.44 0.53) indicating moderate agreement.  Among outpatients with stable CAD, there is substantial discordance between patient reported and cardiologist estimated burden of angina. Inclusion of patient reported health status measures in routine clinical care may support better recognition of patients' symptoms by physicians.
Durum Wheat Overview

Durum wheat is of significance as a food crop being used to make pasta, couscous, burghul, puddings, bread (flat and leavened) and other traditional foods. The main durum producers are the EU, North America (including Mexico) Middle East, North Africa, the former Soviet Union, and India. Durum is widely adapted and it is mostly grown in semiarid regions. Grain, semolina, and pasta making qualities are important attributes of durum varieties, and these form the important breeding objectives together with yield, disease resistance, and abiotic stress tolerance. Durum is self pollinated and therefore pedigree breeding, modified to suit practical requirements, is commonly used. While many modern durum varieties are high grain protein achievers, it is still necessary to manage nitrogen nutrition. Durum crops are commonly rotated with broad leaved crops to reduce incidence of diseases. Modern durum varieties in Australia and North America have good resistance levels to all three rusts, but significant improvement is needed in crown rot and Fusarium head blight tolerance. However, in EU countries, there is significant reliance on fungicide sprays for controlling all these diseases. While world durum production is quite low compared with bread wheat, it has a bright future as it is used to produce healthy, low glycemic index foods, such as pasta. World demand for pasta has increased rapidly in recent years indicating a rising demand for durum wheat.
Cultivating the social emotional imagination in gifted education: insights from educational neuroscience
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Evidence from education, psychology, and neuroscience suggests that investing in the development of the social emotional imagination is essential to cultivating giftedness in adolescents. Nurturing these capacities may be especially effective for promoting giftedness in students who are likely to lose interest and ambition over time. Giftedness is frequently equated with high general intelligence as measured by IQ tests, but this narrow conceptualization does not adequately capture students' abilities to utilize their talents strategically to fully realize their future possible selves. The brain's default mode network is thought to play an important role in supporting imaginative thinking about the self and others across time. Because this network's functioning is temporarily attenuated when individuals engage in task and action oriented focus (mindsets thought to engage the brain's executive attention network) we suggest that consistently focusing students on tasks requiring immediate action could undermine long term cultivation of giftedness. We argue that giftedness especially in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) can be cultivated by encouraging adolescents' intellectual curiosity and supporting their ability to connect schoolwork to a larger purpose. Improving STEM and gifted education may depend upon a shift from knowledge transmission and regimented evaluation to creative exploration, intentional reflectiveness, and mindful switching between task focus and imagining.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil extracted from Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) flower

The upsurge in the prevalence of side effects of many synthetic antimicrobial agents and incidence of multidrug resistant bacteria has spurred scientists on the search for plant based antimicrobial of therapeutic potentials. The study extracted essential oils from the flowers of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (Mexican sunflower) and assayed it for antimicrobial activities. The oils were extracted (hydro distillation) characterized (GC MS) and tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities. a Pinene (34.42% b Caryophyllene (22.34% b Pinene (11.14% Germacrene D (11.13% and 1, 8 Cineole (8.76% were the major constituents of the forty five compounds characterized. The characterized compounds were general monoterpenes (44.44% sesquiterpenes (26.67% including alcohols and aldehydes which accounted for 28.89% The extract concentrations of 8 120 mg/ml in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium effectively inhibited the tested fungi in vitro At 5 mg/ml, only Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus were inhibited of all gram positive bacteria while Streptococcus pyrogens was unaffected. All gram negative bacteria were inhibited. Growth inhibition of the gram positive and gram negative species increases with increased concentration of the essential oil. At 40 mg/ml, all the tested bacteria species were inhibited and the growth inhibition for the species followed the order; E. coli> Proteus mirabi> Bacillus megaterium> Klebsiella pneumonia> Bacillus cereus> Streptococcuspyrogens The oil concentration of 72 mg/ml totally inhibited the growth of all three fungal species Cochliobolus lunatus Fusarium solani Fusarium lateritum. The secondary metabolites in the oil of T. diversifolia proved effective against the tested bacteria and fungi species. The finding of this study unlocks the potentials of this essential oil of Mexican sunflower for bio pesticide production.
Integrated sensor system for gait analysis
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)

The paper is about the work done for the requirement of gait analysis on the shoe for a limped person. The method adopted can help the doctor to treat a person with gait abnormalities. Gait analysis deals with the study of walking pattern, in order to understand the gait abnormalities. To treat these gait abnormalities it's necessary to analyse gait parameters such as foot angle, stride distance, step distance, step count, cadence, speed, progression line etc. This project presents a shoe device to measure these parameters with the help of various sensors such as accelerometer, ultrasonic sensor, gyroscope, foot pressure sensor, flex sensor etc. These sensors can be placed in the shoe such that sensors can accurately measure these parameters. The digital output of these sensors can be integrated through a controller and the result of the patient is sent to the doctor's phone or to a GSM device. Hence, this wireless shoe device helps to overcome the disadvantages of the existing system which is practiced in gait motion analysis laboratory. Results of shoe device can be compared with the gait of a normal person in order to differentiate and study the abnormal and normal gait of a person. The development of shoe device is mainly concerned with features like low cost, portable, ease of use and accurate measurements of gait parameters. The objective of shoe integrated sensor system for gait analysis is to provide better digital output results of the abnormal parameters and efficient way of analyzing than clinical gait. This device has various applications in sports for exercise training, medicinally in treating paralyzed patients and in biometric and forensics to identify/improve individual patient by making minor variations.