nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
VisualWord2Vec (Vis W2V) Learning Visually Grounded Word Embeddings Using Abstract Scenes
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

We propose a model to learn visually grounded word embeddings (vis w2v) to capture visual notions of semantic relatedness. While word embeddings trained using text have been extremely successful, they cannot uncover notions of semantic relatedness implicit in our visual world. For instance, although "eats" and "stares at" seem unrelated in text, they share semantics visually. When people are eating something, they also tend to stare at the food. Grounding diverse relations like "eats" and "stares at" into vision remains challenging, despite recent progress in vision. We note that the visual grounding of words depends on semantics, and not the literal pixels. We thus use abstract scenes created from clipart to provide the visual grounding. We find that the embeddings we learn capture fine grained, visually grounded notions of semantic relatedness. We show improvements over text only word embeddings (word2vec) on three tasks: common sense assertion classification, visual paraphrasing and text based image retrieval. Our code and datasets are available online.
Part B: The Feasibility and Acceptability of mI SMART, a Nurse Led Technology Intervention for Multiple Chronic Conditions

An opportunity to improve care of multiple chronic conditions for those living in rural areas of the country may exist through the use of technology. Integrating technology interventions into existing rural health systems allows for increased access to healthcare services and augments self management ability for patients. However, questions remain about acceptability and feasibility of technology use in rural populations. The purpose of this paper is to present the feasibility of mI SMART, a HIPAA compliant, web based, structure of mHealth sensors and mobile devices designed to overcome the known health determinant of access to care for rural, chronically ill patients by using technology.  The study was conducted at a primary care clinic that provided healthcare at no or low cost to low income adults. Inclusion criteria encompassed adults, with at least one chronic condition, having at least 3rd grade reading level, without having dementia/psychosis. Each participant was given a Nexus7 tablet and Bluetooth self monitoring devices. Feasibility was evaluated in four ways and acceptability was evaluated with post intervention questionnaires.  Thirty participants [mean age: 52 years (SD: 10.0, range: 29 74) were majority female (70% white (70% married (60% high school educated or less (56.7% impoverished (less than $20,000 per annum (56.7% with multiple chronic conditions (96.7% During the trial, all participants were able to transmit data. No error messages were due to the mI SMART system. Errors were user related and solved with technical support. Mean number of self monitor transmissions was 219.7 (SD: 197.4) range: 1 733] Participants logged into the system an average of 163. 1 (SD: 169.7) range: 2 568] times and viewed an average of 1092.1 (SD: 1205.6) range: 8 3851] intervention components. Over eighty six percent of participants sent data for 12 weeks and 43.1% used the intervention for longer.  The mI SMART system is a feasible option for impoverished persons living in rural areas.
The Black Phalanx African American soldiers in the War of Independence, the War of 1812, and the Civil War

Joseph T. Wilson was not only a historian of the fighting black spirit in the Civil War, but was one of its soldiers. His fellow veterans recruited him to write a complete and accurate record of the great struggles for liberty and union borne by African Americans. The result was The Black Phalanx, a book rich in anecdotes, eyewitness accounts, and previously overlooked facts. This classic includes succinct, compelling accounts of African Americans in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, men who fought and died for freedom they could not enjoy. The body of the book examines every aspect of black service in the Civil War: the "revolutionary" decision to arm captured black soldiers, and the efforts to recruit troops; the training of black Union regiments; and battles they fought, including the assault on Fort Wagner, the siege of Petersburg, and the fall of Richmond. African Americans spilled blood in every theater of war, from Arkansas to Virginia, and The Black Phalanx is Wilson's spirited history of those soldiers whose valor was denied until it was proven in carnage and victory.
Soldiers in the Army of Freedom: The 1st Kansas Colored, the Civil War's First African American Combat Unit by Ian Michael Spurgeon (review)

Ian Michael Spurgeon has written an interesting monograph about one of the earliest of the more than one hundred African American Civil War regiments, the First Kansas Colored. While mainly focusing on the combat activities of the unit, Spurgeon, through extensive research, also describes the creation and officering of the regiment and, briefly, the African Americans who fought for their freedom. The author begins with chapters on the prewar politics of Kansas and Missouri as they related to black people and on the federal government's wartime manpower policy, which opposed using African Americans as soldiers. Spurgeon describes how Kansas senator James H. Lane pushed for the formation of a black regiment and the obstacles that he faced in doing so. When the federal government finally approved recruiting African American manpower, the First Kansas Colored was one of the first companies to be mustered in. The unit was initially employed in garrisoning frontier posts, before being sent on expeditions into Arkansas and Indian Territory. In some detail, Spurgeon describes the battle of Poison Spring and the subsequent massacre of members of the regiment who had surrendered. In a later section, Spurgeon notes that the First Kansas Colored suffered more casualties than other black units, while recording fewer deaths from disease, but he does not explain why. After the war ended, many of the men who had joined while they were still technically slaves had the difficult task of trying to find their wives and families. The last section of the book contains a detailed roster of the officers and enlisted men of the regiment, including their ages and where they were born. Overall, this monograph is very interesting and informative, although its impact is reduced by the author's propensity to fill the narrative with direct quotations from primary sources. The description of the problems that the creation of the regiment occasioned, including the efforts of Senator Lane to get the U.S. government to accept black soldiers, is quite well done. The battle narratives, especially that of Poison Spring, are well written and illustrated with good maps. One of the great difficulties that Spurgeon faced was that almost none of the enlisted men left records of their wartime service. He tried to fill this gap with extensive research in pension files, but, as he acknowledges, this approach had limits. The purpose of including the extensive regimental roster is unclear. The monograph would also have benefited from placing the experiences of recruiting, officering, and combat in the First Kansas Colored in the context of other African American units, especially in
Decomposition analysis on influence factors of direct household energy related carbon emission in Guangdong province Based on extended Kaya identity

The decomposition quantitative model of household energy related carbon emission in Guangdong is established based on the extended Kaya identity with the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method; influence factors of household energy related carbon emission are decomposed into eight factors, energy price, average consumption propensity, and urban rural structure of population included in the model. Results show that total direct household energy related carbon emission in Guangdong province show increasing trend from 1995 to 2012. Oil and electric power consumption are two main source of household carbon emission. Results of decomposition show that resident's living standard has the largest contribution to the increase of carbon emission, which is the first promoting factor to household energy related carbon emission, followed by energy use level. Energy price has the largest contribution to the reduction of carbon emission, which is the first inhibiting factor, followed by average consumption propensity. Guangdong can realize household energy related carbon mitigation effectively by the following four measures, namely (1) Adjust energy structure, especially energy structure of power generation, enhances the proportion of nuclear power, (2) Improve energy price mechanism, (3) Optimize urban rural structure of population, (4) Drive application of home intelligent energy management technology, to realize automatic home energy saving control.
Decomposition Analysis in Decoupling Transport Output from Carbon Emissions in Guangdong Province, China

With a continuously growing share of the world's overall energy consumption, the transport sector has been acknowledged as one of the most important contributors to global carbon emissions. This paper applies a complete decomposition and decoupling analysis to investigate and quantitatively analyze the main factors influencing the energy related carbon emissions of the transport (TCE) sector during 1995 2012 in Guangdong, the richest and most populated province in China. Results showed that decoupling level between transport output and TCE was relatively low, especially when compared with year 1995, in which case it remained as expansive coupling. Optimization of tertiary industry structure was the main factor inhibiting TCE increase. However the rapid growth of GDP per capita and population was more powerful at boosting TCE, resulting in elasticity index rising directly. 2005 was a turning point when environmental friendly policies took action, after which decoupling state improved significantly, achieving weak decoupling when comparing adjacent years. By studying TCE and its components, we found that the National 5 Year Plan policy impacts TCE tremendously, which leads to a 5 year periodic pattern of fluctuations. This highlights policy as potentially the most important factor behind Guangdong's decoupling effort, dwarfing the impact from energy and other inner drivers.
Being hit twice: The psychological consequences of the economic crisis and an earthquake
Venue: The International journal of social psychiatry

The Great Recession has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health. Italy has not been spared from the financial crisis with severe societal and mental health consequences. In addition, a strong earthquake hit the province of Modena, Italy, in 2012, that is, amid the crisis.  In this study, we explored and investigated the possible additional impact of concurrent events such as economic crisis and a natural disaster.  Our analysis elaborated data from two local surveys, ICESmo2 (2006) and ICESmo3 (2012) and a national survey carried out in 2013 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) A regression model was adopted to distinguish the effect of the crisis and the earthquake.  Our analysis confirmed the negative effect of the economic crisis on psychological wellbeing, but within the province of Modena such an effect resulted as even stronger compared with the rest of Italy, particularly within those areas struck by the earthquake.  Being hit by a combination of two major negative events might have a significantly increased negative effect on psychological health. The higher repercussion observed is not only attributable to the occurrence of a natural disaster but can be reasonably related to the additional effect of unemployment on psychological dimensions.
Fabrication of electro neutral nanofiltration membranes at neutral pH with antifouling surface via interfacial polymerization from a novel zwitterionic amine monomer

A kind of novel electro neutral nanofiltration (NF) membrane at neutral pH was fabricated by interfacial polymerization from a novel zwitterionic amine monomer PEI g SBMA. The zwitterionic amine endowed the resultant NF membrane with an electro neutral separation layer under neutral condition and enhanced antifouling property via regulation of surface charge balance. The electro neutral zwitterionic NF membranes (PEI g SBMA/TMC) showed a high water flux of 132 L/ (m2 h MPa) i.e. over 2 times higher than that of the PEI/TMC membranes without grafted SBMA. The PEI g SBMA/TMC membrane exhibited a high dye rejection (90.6% for Orange GII) but a low salt rejection (7.1% for NaCl and 50.4% for Na2SO4) Meanwhile, the antifouling property against bovine serum albumin (BSA) sodium alginate (SA) and humic acid (HA) was significantly improved compared with the PEI/TMC membranes. The as fabricated electro neutral PEI g SBMA/TMC membranes with high organics rejection and low salt rejection as well as good antifouling property may find promising application potential in food, pharmaceutical, chemical industry and membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes.
Genome Wide Identification and Analysis of the MYB Transcription Factor Superfamily in Solanum lycopersicum.
Venue: Plant cell physiology

MYB proteins constitute one of the largest transcription factor families in the plant kingdom, members of which perform a variety of functions in plant biological processes. However, there are only very limited reports on the characterization of MYB transcription factors in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) In our study, a total of 127 MYB genes have been identified in the tomato genome. A complete overview of these MYB genes is presented, including the phylogeny, gene structures, protein motifs, chromosome locations and expression patterns. The 127 SlMYB proteins could be classified into 18 subgroups based on domain similarity and phylogenetic topology. Phylogenetic analysis of SlMYBs along with MYBs from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) indicated 14 subfamilies. Conserved motifs outside the MYB domain may reflect their functional conservation. The identified tomato MYB genes were distributed on 12 chromosomes at various densities but mainly in chromosomes 6 and 10 (12.6% and 11.8% respectively) Genome wide segmental and tandem duplications were also found, which may contribute to the expansion of SlMYB genes. RNA sequencing and microarray data revealed tissue specific and stress responsive expression patterns of SlMYB genes. The expression profiles of SlMYB genes in response to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid methyl ester (MeJA) were also investigated by real time PCR. Moreover, ethylene responsive element binding factor associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs were found in 24 SlMYB proteins. Collectively, our comprehensive analysis of SlMYB genes will facilitate future functional studies of the tomato MYB gene family and probably other Solanaceae plants.
Diversification of R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors in the Tomato Family Solanaceae
Venue: Journal of Molecular Evolution

MYB transcription factors play an important role in regulating key plant developmental processes involving defense, cell shape, pigmentation, and root formation. Within this gene family, sequences containing an R2R3 MYB domain are the most abundant type and exhibit a wide diversity of functions. In this study, we identify 559 R2R3 MYB genes using whole genome data from four species of Solanaceae and reconstruct their evolutionary relationships. We compare the Solanaceae R2R3 MYBs to the well characterized Arabidopsis thaliana sequences to estimate functional diversity and to identify gains and losses of MYB clades in the Solanaceae. We identify numerous R2R3 MYBs that do not appear closely related to Arabidopsis MYBs, and thus may represent clades of genes that have been lost along the Arabidopsis lineage or gained after the divergence of Rosid and Asterid lineages. Despite differences in the distribution of R2R3 MYBs across functional subgroups and species, the overall size of the R2R3 subfamily has changed relatively little over the roughly 50 million year history of Solanaceae. We added our information regarding R2R3 MYBs in Solanaceae to other data and performed a meta analysis to trace the evolution of subfamily size across land plants. The results reveal many shifts in the number of R2R3 genes, including a 54 increase along the angiosperm stem lineage. The variation in R2R3 subfamily size across land plants is weakly positively correlated with genome size and strongly positively correlated with total number of genes. The retention of such a large number of R2R3 copies over long evolutionary time periods suggests that they have acquired new functions and been maintained by selection. Discovering the nature of this functional diversity will require integrating forward and reverse genetic approaches on an omics scale.
Evidence for ion migration in hybrid perovskite solar cells with minimal hysteresis
Venue: Nature communications

Ion migration has been proposed as a possible cause of photovoltaic current voltage hysteresis in hybrid perovskite solar cells. A major objection to this hypothesis is that hysteresis can be reduced by changing the interfacial contact materials; however, this is unlikely to significantly influence the behaviour of mobile ionic charge within the perovskite phase. Here, we show that the primary effects of ion migration can be observed regardless of whether the contacts were changed to give devices with or without significant hysteresis. Transient optoelectronic measurements combined with device simulations indicate that electric field screening, consistent with ion migration, is similar in both high and low hysteresis CH3NH3PbI3 cells. Simulation of the photovoltage and photocurrent transients shows that hysteresis requires the combination of both mobile ionic charge and recombination near the perovskite contact interfaces. Passivating contact recombination results in higher photogenerated charge concentrations at forward bias which screen the ionic charge, reducing hysteresis.
Biomass furnace for externally fired gas turbine: Development and validation of the numerical model

Externally fired gas turbines (EFGT) are currently being investigated for co generation from biomass, because of their ability to deal with low grade fuels without the complexity of gasification. Main drawbacks of the technology are related to the high thermal stresses experienced by the heat exchanger. The present work proposes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a grate fired furnace installed in a EFGT cycle, with the purpose to provide a tool for detecting the most critical regions in the furnace. The model is complemented with a process simulation of the entire EFGT cycle. Different approaches for treating the fuel bed and their impact on the CFD analysis are discussed and validated through the availability of in flame measurements of temperature and chemical species. Predictions indicate the need for a detailed fluid dynamic characterization of the grate region, which was found to largely impact the furnace flow and thermo chemical fields.
Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet use disorders: An Interaction of Person Affect Cognition Execution (I PACE) model
Venue: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews

Within the last two decades, many studies have addressed the clinical phenomenon of Internet use disorders, with a particular focus on Internet gaming disorder. Based on previous theoretical considerations and empirical findings, we suggest an Interaction of Person Affect Cognition Execution (I PACE) model of specific Internet use disorders. The I PACE model is a theoretical framework for the processes underlying the development and maintenance of an addictive use of certain Internet applications or sites promoting gaming, gambling, pornography viewing, shopping, or communication. The model is composed as a process model. Specific Internet use disorders are considered to be the consequence of interactions between predisposing factors, such as neurobiological and psychological constitutions, moderators, such as coping styles and Internet related cognitive biases, and mediators, such as affective and cognitive responses to situational triggers in combination with reduced executive functioning. Conditioning processes may strengthen these associations within an addiction process. Although the hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of specific Internet use disorders, summarized in the I PACE model, must be further tested empirically, implications for treatment interventions are suggested.
Preference for brand name buprenorphine is related to severity of addiction among outpatients in opioid maintenance treatment
Venue: Journal of addictive diseases

As a form of opioid maintenance treatment, high dose buprenorphine is increasingly being used in the United States. On the French market since 1996, it is the most commonly prescribed and frequently employed opioid maintenance treatment. For unknown reasons, the brand name form is used far more often than the generic form (76 24% The objective was to show that the patients' levels of addiction were differentiated according to the form of buprenorphine currently being used and to their previous experience of a different form. An observational study in 9 sites throughout France used self assessment questionnaires filled out in retail pharmacies by all patients to whom their prescribed buprenorphine treatment was being delivered. The 151 canvassed pharmacies solicited 879 patients, of whom 724 completed the questionnaires. Participants were statistically similar to non participants. The patients using the brand name form subsequent to experience with the generic form exhibited a more elevated addiction severity index and a higher dosage than brand name form users with no experience of a different form. Compared to generic users, their doses were higher, their was addiction more severe, and their alcohol consumption was more excessive; they were also more likely to make daily use of psychotropic substances. However, the level of misuse or illicit consumption was similar between these groups. Preferring the brand name buprenorphine form to the generic form is associated with a higher level of severe addiction, a more frequent need for daily psychotropics, and excessive drinking; but the study was unable to show a causal link.