nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and Accurate Dependency Parsing Using Bidirectional LSTM Feature Representations
Venue: TACL

We present a simple and effective scheme for dependency parsing which is based on bidirectional LSTMs (BiLSTMs) Each sentence token is associated with a BiLSTM vector representing the token in its sentential context, and feature vectors are constructed by concatenating a few BiLSTM vectors. The BiLSTM is trained jointly with the parser objective, resulting in very effective feature extractors for parsing. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by applying it to a greedy transition based parser as well as to a globally optimized graph based parser. The resulting parsers have very simple architectures, and match or surpass the state of the art accuracies on English and Chinese.
Data for: Impact of the business environment on output and productivity in Africa

We develop a general equilibrium model to assess the quantitative effects of the business environment, including regulation, crime, corruption, infrastructure and access to finance, on output and total factor productivity (TFP) for 30 Sub Saharan African countries. The first four dimensions create inefficiencies at the firm level and are modeled as a tax on output. From the data, we find that on average firms in Africa lose a fifth of their sales due to those inefficiencies. On the other hand, poor access to credit affects the reallocation of resources across firms, capital formation and production scale. We find that the quantitative effects of these dimensions of the business environment are large, leading to decreases in output and TFP in the range of 40 to 77 percent and 18 to 44 percent respectively. Overall, they explain 67 percent of the variation in income per worker relative to the US.
The Kalash Genetic Isolate? The Evidence for Recent Admixture.
Venue: American journal of human genetics

The recent paper "The Kalash Genetic Isolate: Ancient Divergence, Drift, and Selection," by Ayub et  suggests that the Kalash people of present day Pakistan experienced "no detectable gene flow from their geographic neighbors in Pakistan or from other extant Eurasian populations" since their split from those populations over 8,000 years ago. They note that this finding of apparent genetic isolation contradicts the results of Hellenthal et al.,2 who inferred DNA introgression dated to 910 220 BCE in an overlapping sample of Kalash individuals.
Distance Measurement of Objects using Stereo Vision
Venue: SETN

Vision based distance measurement of objects is continues to be a popular research topic in computer and robot vision nowadays. Measuring distance of targets are important for robot navigation, obstacle detection, navigation of autonomous vehicles, surveillance monitoring, person localization and tracking, and many more. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for distance measurement of objects using stereo vision. The distance is measured from the estimated depth information of the object from its two image sequences (called left and right image pair) captured by a stereo camera. In order to estimate the depth information we employ a fast stereo algorithm. Experimental evaluation proves the efficiency of our proposed approach comparable to other related methods.
Sleep Strengthens but does Not Reorganize Memory Traces in a Verbal Creativity Task.
Venue: Sleep

Sleep after learning promotes the quantitative strengthening of new memories. Less is known about the impact of sleep on the qualitative reorganization of memory content. This study tested the hypothesis that sleep facilitates both memory strengthening and reorganization as indexed by a verbal creativity task.  Sixty healthy university students (30 female, 30 male, 20 30 years) were investigated in a randomized, controlled parallel group study with three experimental groups (sleep, sleep deprivation, daytime wakefulness) At baseline, 60 items of the Compound Remote Associate (CRA) task were presented. At retest after the experimental conditions, the same items were presented again together with 20 new control items to disentangle off line incubation from online performance effects.  Sleep significantly strengthened formerly encoded memories in comparison to both wake conditions (improvement in speed of correctly resolved items) Offline reorganization was not enhanced following sleep, but was enhanced following sleep deprivation in comparison to sleep and daytime wakefulness (solution time of previously incubated, newly solved items) Online performance did not differ between the groups (solution time of new control items)  The results support the notion that sleep promotes the strengthening, but not the reorganization, of newly encoded memory traces in a verbal creativity task. Future studies are needed to further determine the impact of sleep on different types of memory reorganization, such as associative thinking, creativity and emotional memory processing, and potential clinical translations, such as the augmentation of psychotherapy through sleep interventions.
Indoor positioning using visual and inertial sensors
Venue: 2016 IEEE SENSORS

Indoor positioning system is a rapidly emerging technology. Unlike outdoor positioning, which uses triangulation from satellites in line of sight, current indoor positioning methods attempt triangulation using Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) from indoor transmitters, like WiFi and RFID. These methods, however, are not accurate and suffer from issues like multi path and absorption by walls and other objects. In this paper we propose an alternate and novel approach to indoor positioning, that combines signals from multiple sensors. In particular, we focus on visual and inertial sensors that are ubiquitously found in mobile devices. We utilize a Building Information Model (BIM) of the indoor environment as a guideline for navigable paths. The sensor suite signals are processed to generate a trajectory of device moving through the indoor environment. We compute features on this trajectory in real time and data mine pre computed features on BIM's navigable paths to determine the location of the device in real time. We demonstrate our approach on BIM in our university campus. The key benefit of our approach is that unlike previous methods that require installation of a wireless sensor network of several transmitters spanning the indoor environment, we only require a floor plan BIM and cheap ubiquitous sensor suite on board a mobile device for indoor positioning.
Infrastructureless indoor navigation with an hybrid magneto inertial and depth sensor system
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN)

We present a novel visual magneto inertial system for pedestrian indoor navigation. It includes magnetic, inertial and depth sensors integrated into a device that can be hand held by a pedestrian. Our method builds upon a magneto inertial tachymeter that is able to accurately reconstruct body speed in presence of magnetic gradient and a depth registration algorithm for computing inter image movement. We propose a simple fusion strategy using the magneto inertial tachymeter in the predition step and the depth image registration in the correction step. We demonstrate accurate reconstruction of indoor trajectories in infrastructureless environments, with a drift often below one percent of the length of the trajectory. We emphasize the benefit of the proposed hybrid system in situations where the 3D environment is too simple, making depth registration useless, or situations where the magnetic environment lead to failure of the magneto inertial tachymetry.
Complement and microglia mediate early synapse loss in Alzheimer mouse models
Venue: Science

Too much cleaning up The complement system and microglia seek out and destroy unwanted cellular debris for the peripheral immune system as well as excess synapses in the developing brain. Hong et al. now show how the system may go haywire in adults early in the progression toward Alzheimer's disease (AD) Aberrant synapse loss is an early feature of Alzheimer's and correlates with cognitive decline. In mice susceptible to AD, complement was associated with synapses, and microglial function was required for synapse loss. The authors speculate that aberrant activation of this "trash disposal" system underlies AD pathology. Science, this issue p. 712 The immune complement system also attacks brain synapses early in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) correlates with cognitive decline. Involvement of microglia and complement in AD has been attributed to neuroinflammation, prominent late in disease. Here we show in mouse models that complement and microglia mediate synaptic loss early in AD. C1q, the initiating protein of the classical complement cascade, is increased and associated with synapses before overt plaque deposition. Inhibition of C1q, C3, or the microglial complement receptor CR3 reduces the number of phagocytic microglia, as well as the extent of early synapse loss. C1q is necessary for the toxic effects of soluble b amyloid (Ab) oligomers on synapses and hippocampal long term potentiation. Finally, microglia in adult brains engulf synaptic material in a CR3 dependent process when exposed to soluble Ab oligomers. Together, these findings suggest that the complement dependent pathway and microglia that prune excess synapses in development are inappropriately activated and mediate synapse loss in AD.
Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4
Venue: Nature

Schizophrenia is a heritable brain illness with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. Schizophrenia's strongest genetic association at a population level involves variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, but the genes and molecular mechanisms accounting for this have been challenging to identify. Here we show that this association arises in part from many structurally diverse alleles of the complement component 4 (C4) genes. We found that these alleles generated widely varying levels of C4A and C4B expression in the brain, with each common C4 allele associating with schizophrenia in proportion to its tendency to generate greater expression of C4A. Human C4 protein localized to neuronal synapses, dendrites, axons, and cell bodies. In mice, C4 mediated synapse elimination during postnatal development. These results implicate excessive complement activity in the development of schizophrenia and may help explain the reduced numbers of synapses in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.
Study on the mechanism of antibacterial action of magnesium oxide nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens
Venue: Journal of Nanobiotechnology

BackgroundMagnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO nanoparticles, with average size of 20 nm) have considerable potential as antimicrobial agents in food safety applications due to their structure, surface properties, and stability. The aim of this work was to investigate the antibacterial effects and mechanism of action of MgO nanoparticles against several important foodborne pathogens.ResultsResazurin (a redox sensitive dye) microplate assay was used for measuring growth inhibition of bacteria treated with MgO nanoparticles. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of MgO nanoparticles to 104 colony forming unit/ml (CFU/ml) of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Enteritidis were determined to be 0.5, 1 and 1 mg/ml, respectively. To completely inactivate 108 9 CFU/ml bacterial cells in 4 h, a minimal concentration of 2 mg/ml MgO nanoparticles was required for C. jejuni whereas E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis required at least 8 mg/ml nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed clear morphological changes and membrane structural damage in the cells treated with MgO nanoparticles. A quantitative real time PCR combined with ethidium monoazide pretreatment confirmed cell membrane permeability was increased after exposure to the nanoparticles. In a cell free assay, a low level (1.1 mM) of H2O2 was detected in the nanoparticle suspensions. Consistently, MgO nanoparticles greatly induced the gene expression of KatA, a sole catalase in C. jejuni for breaking down H2O2 to H2O and O2.ConclusionsMgO nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity against three important foodborne pathogens. The interaction of nanoparticles with bacterial cells causes cell membrane leakage, induces oxidative stress, and ultimately leads to cell death.
Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action
Venue: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Efforts to reduce the global burden of bacterial disease and contend with escalating bacterial resistance are spurring innovation in antibacterial drug and biocide development and related technologies such as photodynamic therapy and photochemical disinfection. Elucidation of the mechanism of action of these new agents and processes can greatly facilitate their development, but it is a complex endeavour. One strategy that has been popular for many years, and which is garnering increasing interest due to recent technological advances in microscopy and a deeper understanding of the molecular events involved, is the examination of treated bacteria for changes to their morphology and ultrastructure. In this review, we take a critical look at this approach. Variables affecting antibacterial induced alterations are discussed first. These include characteristics of the test organism (e.g. cell wall structure) and incubation conditions (e.g. growth medium osmolarity) The main body of the review then describes the different alterations that can occur. Micrographs depicting these alterations are presented, together with information on agents that induce the change, and the sequence of molecular events that lead to the change. We close by highlighting those morphological and ultrastructural changes which are consistently induced by agents sharing the same mechanism (e.g. spheroplast formation by peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors) and explaining how changes that are induced by multiple antibacterial classes (e.g. filamentation by DNA synthesis inhibitors, FtsZ disruptors, and other types of agent) can still yield useful mechanistic information. Lastly, recommendations are made regarding future study design and execution.
Factors affecting the soil arsenic bioavailability, accumulation in rice and risk to human health: a review
Venue: Toxicology mechanisms and methods

Arsenic (As) a class one carcinogen, reflects a disastrous environmental threat due to its presence in each and every compartment of the environment. The high toxicity of As is notably present in its inorganic forms. Irrigation with As contaminated groundwater in rice fields increases As concentration in topsoil and its bioavailability for rice crops. However, most of the As in paddy field topsoils is present as As(III) form, which is predominant in rice grain. According to the OECD FAO, rice is the second most extensively cultivated cereal throughout the world. This cereal is a staple food for a large number of populations in most of the developing countries in sub Saharan Africa, Latin America, South and South east Asia. Rice consumption is one of the major causes of chronic As diseases including cancer for Asian populations. Thus, this review provides an overview concerning the conditions involved in soil that leads to As entrance into rice crops, phytotoxicity and metabolism of As in rice plants. Moreover, the investigations of the As uptake in raw rice grain are compiled, and the As biotransfer into the human diet is focused. The As uptake by rice crop represents an important pathway of As exposure in countries with high rice and rice based food consumption because of its high (more than the hygienic level) As levels found in edible plant part for livestock and humans.
Development of the coastal wave power generation device
Venue: 2016 Techno Ocean (Techno Ocean)

Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding (MES) was awarded for "Technical Development and Demonstration of Small, Efficient Wave Power device" by Ministry of the Environment at fiscal year 2013 (October, 2013) and had been developing wave power device aiming for a full scale demonstration test at sea within fiscal year 2015. This lead to confirm its effect (the point absorber effect) at actual sea utilizing resonance control: the most effective method to recover wave energy. This report focuses on the resonance control test in wave tank and demonstration test at actual sea on the status of development for the coastal wave power generation device.
Attack defense trees based cyber security analysis for CPSs
Venue: 2016 17th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD)

Cyber physical system (CPS) is the fuse of cyber world and the dynamic physical world and it is being widely used in areas closely related to people's livelihood. Therefore, the security issues of CPS have drawn a global attention and an appropriate risk assessment for CPS is in urgent need. The existing proposals using attack trees for risk assessment mainly focus on depicting the possible intrusions, not for interactions between threats and defenses. In this paper, a risk assessment idea for cyber physical system with the use of attack defense tree (ADTree) is proposed, considering the effect of both the attack cost and defense cost. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by a set of metrics like probability of success, attack and defense cost and the impact of an attack. In addition, we introduce two economic factors (ROA and ROI) to evaluate the performance of ADTree. Finally, an illustration case of threat risk analysis in SCADA system is given to demonstrate our approach. Overall, our approach provides an effective means of risk assessment and countermeasures evaluation in the evolutional process of security management for cyber physical system security.
Teaching Learning Britishness:Encountering and negotiating discourses of identities and belongings through critical pedagogy

Teaching Britishness and 'Fundamental British Values' is a policy requirement increasingly placed on educational institutions. Yet the literature shows Britishness is fluid, evolving and often difficult to define for White British and ethnic minority youth, as well as for teachers, raising theoretical and pedagogical concerns about how best to respond to political initiatives. By examining the pedagogies employed by two Art classes in a southeast London school, this research aims to address the implications of Britishness exploration on young people's relationships with and within multicultural Britain. This ethnographic arts based educational research examines (i) the complexities of teaching and learning Britishness, and (ii) young people's discourses of Britishness and belonging. Through emotive artwork created by students, interviews with teachers and paired students, and extensive questionnaires, moving and personal insights into the significances of everyday racialised and classed belongings are investigated. The key findings show young people's experiences of local and global identities inform their notions of national identity. Students' sense of Britishness is deeply connected to intersectional and multiple experiences of social class, race and local attachments. Their national identity is often dwarfed by their local identity, and transnational postcolonial identities are also shown to impact upon young peoples' ways of belonging to Britain. The research describes and supports critical pedagogical approaches to exploring identities and belongings. The emphasis on student voice, respectful and caring dialogue, and collaborative communication led to meaningful and engaged individual and collective critical reflections on students' stories of Britishness. The research shows teachers often require guidance and support on teaching critically about multiculturalism and social inequalities. The research presents students engaging with identity issues, advancing their own viewpoints, learning about alternative perspectives, and strengthening bonds with peers and teachers. Students felt empowered by having their critical counter narratives validated and valued. Where students hear others' stories and tell their own, schools can become critical sites of opportunity for reflection, resistance and hopeful futures.
Unsteady belongings: Rethinking the experience of nation through movement

The new mobilities paradigm identified by Mimi Sheller and John Urry in 2006 was in part a descriptive response to a contemporary world 'on the move' but it was also a critique of what the authors saw as a 'sedentarist' social science that posed stasis as normal and 'treats as abnormal distance, change and placelessness' This interest in mobile or fluid ways of conceptualising place and subject formation follows the postcolonial revision of our understanding of culture itself in the 1990s, in which contested and unstable identities and attachments to place and people were under examination. However, these discussions posed the concept of movement as largely abstract, as a hermeneutic for dismantling prevailing structures of thinking. In this article, I take the idea of a world 'on the move' and fluid concepts of culture, and put them up against the resistantly fixed and stable ways in which nation is employed. Following previous work in 2012, in which I sought to extend our understanding about the mobility of culture in embodied terms (i.e. as experienced or enacted) this article turns its attention to the key term 'movement' to focus on the kinaesthetics of national and transnational belonging. Performance, I argue, proposes a fundamental concern with the material body in movement and in space; it therefore allows for particular theoretical and methodological insights into the study of the embodied experience of belonging. It is perhaps the very disciplinary tincture needed to counter the 'sedentarist' social science that Urry and Sheller critique.
AN EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF LINEAR AND NON LINEAR MODEL USING VARIOUS REGRESSION LEVEL FOR FLUID DAMPERS

The Fluid or viscous dampers have the ability of altering the effective damping force dependent on the present input to the damper. A numeral of factors in the creation of the obstruction also the belongings of the fluid and the electromagnet it will create an active reaction of the damper which cannot be completely described with a stationary model reliant on current and rapidity. This learning will compare different methods for modelling the strength reaction of the damper in the currentrapidity space. To guarantee that all the active response features of the damper are netted in data gathering, arbitrary input indications were used for rapidity and current contributions. By providing a generally distributed arbitrary signal for a given swiftness and a consistently distributed unplanned signal for current, the force reaction could be dignified. The figures from this test are examined as a two dimensional motion, three dimensional strength plots in the current rate plane, and also as a likelihood density function. The Linear and nonlinear representations are produced to fit the data. The very first is a lined model using estimation and validation process. The additional is a nonlinear model reliant on for both estimation and validation process. We have used various model orders and regression levels to analyse the both linear and nonlinear model and will compare the performance for both levels. Each of these methods is associated based on the over all error in the strength response and the representations ability to contest the likelihood density function of the data. It is a probability prototypical; the fault cannot be established through evaluation to the data. So this research work deals with the black box modelling process for the analysing of dampers linear and nonlinear structural construction or modelling