nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chaotic genetic patchiness without sweepstakes reproduction in the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis

Vol. 548: 139 152, 2016 doi: 10.3354/meps11628 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Mar  Fine scale spatial and temporal variation in the genetic composition of benthic recruits, known as chaotic genetic patchiness, is often observed in marine and estuarine species with planktonic larvae. Several explanations have been proposed for chaotic genetic patchiness, including sweepstakes reproductive success, variability in larval source, and natural selection. In a survey of the green shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis in Bodega Bay, California, USA, allele frequencies at a mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism were found to differ significantly among samples of first stage zoeae and between zoeae and adults. Sweepstakes reproductive success is unlikely to be responsible because the fecundity of this species is too low and there was no reduction in genetic diversity among zoeae. In principle, influxes of larvae from genetically dis tinct populations over 500 km to the north could have caused these differences; however, coales cent estimates indicated that gene flow from these distant populations has been very low and it is unlikely that first stage zoeae would have been transported such great distances. The possibility remains that natural selection, directly or indirectly, is responsible for the observed patchiness in mitochondrial allele frequencies.  Mitochondrial DNA Single nucleotide polymorphism Natural selection Phylogeography INTRODUCTION In the 1990s, the hypothesis of sweepstakes repro ductive success (SRS) was promoted to explain tem poral changes in allozyme frequencies in populations of oysters and other marine species with high fecun dity and planktonic larvae (Hedgecock 1994) SRS requires individual fecundity to be so high that it is possible for just a few individuals, the lucky 'sweep stakes winners, to spawn the majority of a genera tion's progeny (Hedrick 2005) Such extreme vari ance in reproductive success would result in genetic drift strong enough to create substantial temporal changes in allele frequencies (reviewed by Hedge cock Pudovkin 2011) *Corresponding author: bhcornwell@ucdavis.edu Another phenomenon cited as evidence of SRS is 'chaotic genetic patchiness' (CGP) whereby small differences in allele frequencies occur among cohorts of settling larvae. The concept of CGP was intro duced by Johnson Black (1982) to describe the fine scale spatial heterogeneity in allozyme frequen cies they observed in an intertidal limpet. They found that patches of recruits that were settling at different times differed in allozyme frequencies because the genetic composition of the larval pool changed over time (Johnson Black 1984) They also concluded that the genetic changes in the larval pool were caused by natural selection because those changes were larger than could be explained by geographic variation in larval sources. Since then, SRS, rather (c) The authors 2016.  Use, distribution and reproduction are un restricted. Authors and original publication must be credited.  Inter Research www.int res.com
Influence of alloyed magnesium on the microstructure and long term corrosion behavior of hot dip Al Zn Si coating in NaCl solution

The effects of alloyed magnesium on the corrosion behavior of hot dip Al Zn Si x Mg x 0, 1.25, 3 and 4 wt. coatings were investigated by analysis of the phase composition, long term immersion test and electrochemical measurements. Mg 2 Si phase appeared in the Al Zn Si 1.25Mg and Al Zn Si 3Mg coatings but only MgZn 2 phase existed on the surface of Al Zn Si 4Mg coating. The alloyed magnesium improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg containing coatings and the Al Zn Si 3Mg coating shows the highest protective properties in the investigation.
Nonradiative Relaxation in Real Time Electronic Dynamics OSCF2: Organolead Triiodide Perovskite.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry. A

We apply our recently developed nonequilibrium real time time dependent density functional theory (OSCF2) to investigate the transient spectrum and relaxation dynamics of the tetragonal structure of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (MAPbI3) We obtain an estimate of the interband relaxation kinetics and identify multiple ultrafast cooling channels for hot electrons and hot holes that largely corroborate the dual valence dual conduction model. The computed relaxation rates and absorption spectra are in good agreement with the existing experimental data. We present the first ab initio simulations of the perovskite transient absorption (TA) spectrum, substantiating the assignment of induced bleaches and absorptions including a Pauli bleach signal. This paper validates both OSCF2 as a good qualitative model of electronic dynamics, and the dominant interpretation of the TA spectrum of this material.
'Not everyone's gonna like me' Accounting for race and racism in sex and dating web services for gay and bisexual men

Sexual racism can be thought of as a specific form of racial prejudice enacted in the context of sex and dating. It is a contentious issue among gay and bisexual men looking for partners online. This study draws upon 14 in depth interviews conducted between August and October 2012 with gay and bisexual men of colour in Australia. Data were thematically analysed to identify interpretations and experiences of, and reactions to sexual racism online. Understandings of online sexual racism were diverse, ranging from clear ideas about racist and non racist practices to more ambiguous and contextual interpretations. Nevertheless, all participants described experiences of sexual racism while seeking partners online, which were, in some cases, largely indistinguishable from generic forms of racism. Most described experiences of subtle racism, but there were also cases of blatant and aggressive racial prejudice. Finally, men reacted in a range of ways when confronted with online sexual racism, with strategies ranging from disconnection to adaptation through to confrontation. Our findings highlight that sexual racism as an expression of racism generally is an ongoing issue for men who seek out other men online, and that men engage in a range of strategies for mitigating the negative effects of racial prejudice in this domain.
Investigating the Causes of Medication Errors and Strategies to Prevention of Them from Nurses and Nursing Student Viewpoint
Venue: Global journal of health science

Medication errors as a serious problem in world and one of the most common medical errors that threaten patient safety and may lead to even death of them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of medication errors and strategies to prevention of them from nurses and nursing student viewpoint.  This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 327 nursing staff of khatam al anbia hospital and 62 intern nursing students in nursing and midwifery school of Zahedan, Iran, enrolled through the availability sampling in 2015. The data were collected by the valid and reliable questionnaire. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, T test and ANOVA were applied by use of SPSS16 software.  The results showed that the most common causes of medications errors in nursing were tiredness due increased workload (97.8% and in nursing students were drug calculation, (77.4% The most important way for prevention in nurses and nursing student opinion, was reducing the work pressure by increasing the personnel, proportional to the number and condition of patients and also creating a unit as medication calculation. Also there was a significant relationship between the type of ward and the mean of medication errors in two groups.  Based on the results it is recommended that nurse managers resolve the human resources problem, provide workshops and in service education about preparing medications, side effects of drugs and pharmacological knowledge. Using electronic medications cards is a measure which reduces medications errors.
Recruitment, advising, and retention programs Challenges and solutions to the international problem of poor nursing student retention: A narrative literature review.
Venue: Nurse education today

The aim of this literature review was to identify emerging themes in current research to identify challenges to nursing student retention internationally, as well as strategies to improve persistence.  A narrative literature review was conducted.  Using CINAHL and HealthSource databases, journal articles were reviewed and evaluated for emerging themes related to the causes of high nursing student attrition rates and strategies to overcome this issue.  A five step approach was used to complete the narrative review, beginning with problem identification, followed by the literature search, data analysis, theme emergence and synthesis of the information.  The literature review supports the idea that poor retention is related not only to student ability, but also to a lack of necessary intervention by faculty beginning with the admission process and continuing throughout the curriculum. Alterations should be made in the recruitment and student selection process. Aggressive academic advising strategies should be implemented, and retention programs should be interwoven in to the nursing curriculum.  Student retention is a multifaceted issue that requires a multi modal approach. Changes in recruitment, implementation of academic advising, and curriculum integration have the potential to help correct the problem.
Causes of Incivility in Iranian Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study
Venue: International journal of community based nursing and midwifery

Incivility among nursing students is a common academic problem. Knowing the causes of students' incivility will enable the faculty members and academic institutions to select correct strategies to deal with this problem. This study was conducted to explore the causes of incivility among nursing students from both educators' and students' points of view.  gThis qualitative content analysis study was applied in order to explore experiences and insights of 17 nursing lecturers and 9 nursing students who were selected through purposeful sampling and interviewed on the causes of incivility. Participants were selected among students and lecturers of nursing schools in Khorasan Razavi. The inclusion criteria for the students were having passed one educational term and for the lecturers having one year experience of teaching respectively. Data gathering was done using deep semi structured interviews starting from March 2014 to March 2015.  Three main categories extracted from the data were student related factors, teacher related factors, and organizational factors. Non educational engagement, attracting attentions, lack of motivation, students' personality, and lack of experience were the subcategories of student related factors. Subcategories of teacher related factors included lack of skills, teachers' personal qualities, lack of experience, and incivility of teachers. Finally, the subcategories of organizational factors included no evaluation system for teachers and lack of understanding the organizational rules and regulations.  The results of this study indicated that factors related to students, teachers, and organization may lead to nursing students' incivility and clarified its dimensions. In order to develop a civil environment in nursing college, managers and educators' awareness should be promoted via various ways such as workshops.
Online multi object tracking based on global and local features
Venue: 2016 Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP)

For online multi object tracking, the appearance model of a target is essential. It has to be consistent within the track of a target and be discriminative between tracks of different targets. To satisfy these requirements, a new two stage frame by frame method that takes advantage of both global and local features is proposed. In this paper, first, targets are tracked with their global feature that is more consistent than local features. Then, a discriminative local feature MSER (maximally stable extremal regions) based color histogram is proposed and used for targets tracking. Experiments on several public datasets shows improvement in performance over other state of the art methods.
Is adjunctive naturopathy associated with improved glycaemic control and a reduction in need for medications among type 2 Diabetes patients? A prospective cohort study from India
Venue: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

BackgroundWith an estimated 65 million Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients, India ranks second in the world in terms of DM burden. The emphasis of current medical practice has been on pharmacotherapy but, despite the best combination therapies, acheiving glycaemic control (reduction of blood sugar to desirable levels) is a challenge. 'Integrated Naturopathy and Yoga'(INY) is an alternative system of medicine that lays emphasis on the role of diet and physical exercise. We assessed the short term effect of INY as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy on glycaemic control among type 2 DM patients.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study with a 3 month follow up, DM patients consecutively admitted to a hospital in India from May October 2014 for either 15 or 30 days were offered INY a package of vegetarian diet with no added oil, sugar and salt, yoga based exercise, patient counselling and rest. A 'favourable outcome' was defined as glycaemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) 7 or absolute reduction by 1 along with at least 50 reduction in antidiabetes medication at 3 months relative to baseline. Compliance to diet was scored by self report on a scale of 0 10 and categorized into poor (0 5) moderate (6 8) and excellent (9 10).ResultsOf 101 patients with 3 month follow up data, 65(65 achieved a favourable outcome with 19(19 stopping medication while sustaining glycemic control. Factors associated with favourable outcome were baseline HbA1c and compliance to diet, which showed a significant linear relationship with mean HbA1c reductions of 0.4 1.1 and 1.7 in relation to poor, moderate and excellent dietary compliance respectively.ConclusionINY, adjunctive to pharmacotherapy, was associated with a significant beneficial effect on glycaemic control and reduced the overall need for antidiabetes medications. These early results are promising. Further studies with long term follow up and using more rigorous randomized controlled trial designs are needed.
Cyanobacteria biennal dynamic in a volcanic mesotrophic lake in central Italy: Strategies to prevent dangerous human exposures to cyanotoxins.
Venue: Toxicon official journal of the International Society on Toxinology

Vico Lake, a volcanic meso eutrophic lake in Central Italy, whose water is used for drinking and recreational activities, experienced the presence of the microcystins (MC) producing cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens. In order to assess the human health risks and to provide the local health authorities with a scientific basis for planning tailored monitoring activities, we studied P. rubescens ecology and toxicity for two years. P. rubescens generally dominated the phytoplankton community, alternating with Limnothrix redekei, potentially toxic. P. rubescens was distributed throughout the water column during winter; in summer it produced intense blooms where drinking water is collected 20 m) here MC were detected all year round (0.5 5 mg/L) with implications for drinking water quality. In surface waters, MC posed no risk for recreational activities in summer, while in winter surface blooms and foams (containing up to 56 mg MC/L) can represent a risk for people and children practicing water sports and for animals consuming raw water. Total phosphorus, phosphate and inorganic nitrogen were not relevant to predict densities nor toxicity; however, a strong correlation between P. rubescens density and aminopeptidase ectoenzymatic activity, an enzyme involved in protein degradation, suggested a role of organic nitrogen for this species. The fraction of potentially toxic population, determined both as mcyB(/16SrDNA (10 100% and as the MC/mcyB( cells (0.03 0.79 pg MC/cell) was much more variable than usually observed for P. rubescens. Differently from other Italian and European lakes, the correlation between cell density or the mcyB( cells and MC explained only ~50 and 30% of MC variability, respectively: for Vico Lake, monitoring only cell or the mcyB( cell density is not sufficient to predict MC concentrations, and consequently to protect population health. Finally, during a winter bloom one site has been sampled weekly, showing that monthly sampling during such a phase could greatly underestimate the 'hazard' Our results highlight the need to adopt a stepwise monitoring activity, considering the lake and the cyanobacteria specific features. This activity should be complemented with communication to the public and involvement of stakeholders.
Modelling ecological and human exposure to POPs in Venice lagoon Part II: Quantitative uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in coupled exposure models.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

The study is focused on applying uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to support the application and evaluation of large exposure models where a significant number of parameters and complex exposure scenarios might be involved. The recently developed MERLIN Expo exposure modelling tool was applied to probabilistically assess the ecological and human exposure to PCB 126 and 2,3,7,8 TCDD in the Venice lagoon (Italy) The 'Phytoplankton' 'Aquatic Invertebrate' 'Fish' 'Human intake' and PBPK models available in MERLIN Expo library were integrated to create a specific food web to dynamically simulate bioaccumulation in various aquatic species and in the human body over individual lifetimes from 1932 until 1998.  Expo is a high tier exposure modelling tool allowing propagation of uncertainty on the model predictions through Monte Carlo simulation. Uncertainty in model output can be further apportioned between parameters by applying built in sensitivity analysis tools. In this study, uncertainty has been extensively addressed in the distribution functions to describe the data input and the effect on model results by applying sensitivity analysis techniques (screening Morris method, regression analysis, and variance based method EFAST) In the exposure scenario developed for the Lagoon of Venice, the concentrations of 2,3,7,8 TCDD and PCB 126 in human blood turned out to be mainly influenced by a combination of parameters (half lives of the chemicals, body weight variability, lipid fraction, food assimilation efficiency) physiological processes (uptake/elimination rates) environmental exposure concentrations (sediment, water, food) and eating behaviours (amount of food eaten) In conclusion, this case study demonstrated feasibility of MERLIN Expo to be successfully employed in integrated, high tier exposure assessment.
Defining the Role of the Smart City Manager: An Analysis of Responsibilities and Skills

Increasing social problems are challenging public administrations to adopt new strategies in order to create smarter cities. With regard to this, some cities have created a dedicated organizational unit focused on planning and implementation of Smart City (SC) projects, led by an SC Manager. However, the SC Manager's responsibilities and curricula remain overlooked. The objective of this paper is to theoretically explore the role of the SC Manager in municipalities and to analyze their main responsibilities and skills. Based on an empirical questionnaire administered to public managers and politicians, a Responsibility Index (RI) is defined to identify the domains under the responsibility of the newly established role of SC Manager. The questionnaire is also an opportunity for understanding the main competencies and skills required through a factor analysis and qualitative investigation of the responses.
Issues for Deployment of Mobile Learning by Nurses in Australian Healthcare Settings
Venue: Nursing Informatics

Undergraduate nursing curricula are being redesigned to include strategies for deployment of mobile learning as a legitimate nursing function. A recent online survey exploring the use of mobile learning by undergraduate student nurses revealed barriers, challenges, risks, and benefits to using mobile learning at the workplace. Inability to access mobile learning at both individual and organisational levels impacted on student learning and teaching opportunities. Students also indicated that educational preparation for ensuring appropriate use of mobile learning is necessary to guide learning and teaching in situ at point of care. This highlights the need for the development of policy to guide best practice that will enable this new pedagogy to be fully utilised for learning and teaching in healthcare settings. Until governance of mobile learning in educational and healthcare settings in Australia is addressed, harnessing the indubitable benefit of mobile learning and teaching will be unachievable.
Does psychosocial competency training for junior physicians working in pediatric medicine improve individual skills and perceived job stress
Venue: European Journal of Pediatrics

AbstractPediatricians' job performance, work engagement, and job satisfaction are essential for both the individual physician and quality of care for their little patients and parents. Therefore, it is important to maintain or possibly augment pediatricians' individual and professional competencies. In this study, we developed and implemented a psychosocial competency training (PCT) teaching different psychosocial competencies and stress coping techniques. We investigated (1) the influence of the PCT on work related characteristics: stress perception, work engagement, job satisfaction and (2) explored pediatricians' outcomes and satisfaction with PCT. Fifty four junior physicians working in pediatric hospital departments participated in the training and were randomized in an intervention (n 26) or a control group (n 28) In the beginning, at follow up 1 and 2, both groups answered a self rated questionnaire on perceived training outcomes and work related factors. The intervention group showed that their job satisfaction significantly increased while perceived stress scores decreased after taking part in the PCT. No substantial changes were observed with regard to pediatricians' work engagement. Participating physicians evaluated PCT with high scores for training design, content, received outcome, and overall satisfaction with the training.  Professional psychosocial competency training could improve junior pediatricians' professional skills, reduce stress perception, increase their job satisfaction, and psychosocial skills. In addition, this study indicates that the PCT is beneficial to be implemented as a group training program for junior pediatricians at work. Junior pediatricians often report experiencing high levels of job strain and little supervisory support. High levels of job demands make pediatricians vulnerable for mental health problems and decreased work ability. Psychosocial competency training has the potential to improve pediatricians' psychosocial skills and perceptions of perceived work related stress and job satisfaction.