nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two color difference formulas using the Bland Altman approach based on natural tooth color space.
Venue: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry

Several formulas to measure color differences have been proposed to improve the correlation between color measurements and visual perception. Despite the progress obtained, equating between formulas is complex, rendering the exchange of information in scientific papers difficult.  The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the results provided by classic CIELab (DEab* and the CIEDE2000 (DE00) formulas in the natural tooth color space using the Bland and Altman limits of agreement, to use this relationship to establish the equivalences between the tooth color thresholds of acceptability and perceptibility of both formulas, and to evaluate whether the relationship between DEab* and DE00 is modified depending on the axis on which the changes occur.  The L* a* and b* means coordinates in the 26 shade tabs of the Toothguide 3D Master were used, and color differences were calculated in 325 pairs of shade tabs using the CIELab (DE*ab) and CIEDE2000 (DE00) color difference formulas. The results obtained with these formulas were compared, and the limits of agreement after a logarithmic transformation of the data were obtained.  The linear relationship between both formulas was DE00 =0.66DE*ab. The results obtained with the CIELab formula were between 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.18) and 2.09 (95% confidence interval 2.03 to 2.15) times higher than those obtained with the CIEDE2000 formula.  In the natural tooth color space, the scale factor between CIEDE2000 and CIELab values changes from 0.46 to 0.90, such that providing an accurate scale factor between both values is difficult. Furthermore, the DE00/DE*ab ratio increases with the increase in DL* and the decrease in Db* The pairs for which the ratio is highest are those in which the difference in color is mainly due to changes in lightness, whereas the pairs for which the ratio is the smallest are those in which the difference in color is mainly due to changes on the blue yellow axis.
Dental color matching: A comparison between visual and instrumental methods.
Venue: Dental materials journal

The aim of this study was to compare the agreement rate and color difference (DE*ab) of three dental color measuring devices, with the visual shade identification. The tooth color were determined by two operators, which were advised to select a VITA classic shade tab in each other's agreement. The Shadepilot (SP) CrystalEye (CE) and ShadeVision (SV) were used to measure tooth color. Statistically analyses include agreement rate color difference (DE*ab) McNemar test (p=0.05) Student's t test (p=0.05) and Bland Altman scatterplots. The SP had an agreement of 56.3% with the visual shade determination, the CE 49.0% and SV 51.3% DE*ab of the visually and instrumentally selected shade tabs and natural teeth were frequently above the threshold for acceptability. Comparing both methods, for SP DE*ab values differ in a range of clinical acceptability.
A complete key recovery timing attack on a GPU
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become mainstream parallel computing devices. They are deployed on diverse platforms, and an increasing number of applications have been moved to GPUs to exploit their massive parallel computational resources. GPUs are starting to be used for security services, where high volume data is encrypted to ensure integrity and confidentiality. However, the security of GPUs has only begun to receive attention. Issues such as side channel vulnerability have not been addressed. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the side channel security of GPUs and demonstrate a complete AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) key recovery using known ciphertext through a timing channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that clearly demonstrates the vulnerability of a commercial GPU architecture to side channel timing attacks. Specifically, for AES 128, we have been able to recover all key bytes utilizing a timing side channel in under 30 minutes.
Hetero mark, a benchmark suite for CPU GPU collaborative computing
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) can easily outperform CPUs in processing large scale data parallel workloads, but are considered weak in processing serialized tasks and communicating with other devices. Pursuing a CPU GPU collaborative computing model which takes advantage of both devices could provide an important breakthrough in realizing the full performance potential of heterogeneous computing. In recent years platform vendors and runtime systems have added new features such as unified memory space and dynamic parallelism, providing a path to CPU GPU coordination and necessary programming infrastructure to support future heterogeneous applications. As the rate of adoption of CPU GPU collaborative computing continues to increase, it becomes increasingly important to formalize CPU GPU collaborative programming paradigms and understand the impact of this emerging model on overall application performance. We propose the Hetero Mark to help heterogeneous system programmers understand CPU GPU collaborative computing and to provide guidance to computer architects in order to enhance the design of the runtime and the driver. We summarize seven common CPU GPU collaborative computing programming patterns and include at least one benchmark for each pattern in the suite. We also characterize different workloads in Hetero Mark to analyze execution metrics specific to CPU GPU collaborative computing, including CPU and GPU performance, CPU GPU communication latency and memory transfer latency.
A GPU based DEM approach for modelling of particulate systems

DEM has been well established as a powerful numerical technique to study the fundamentals of granular materials. It has limited application in dealing with practical particulate systems which often involve billions of particles. Graphical Processing Units (GPU) offers a solution to this problem. This paper explores GPU based DEM development, and its performance is assessed under various conditions. For a packing case using 300,000 spheres, it is demonstrated that the speed up ratio (single GPU to single CPU) varies from 40 to 75, depending on the parallel algorithms used. The GPU based DEM is then developed for other systems involving arbitrary wall geometries, moving wall boundaries, and non spherical particles. Particle flow patterns in the top charging system of blast furnace, screw conveyor and rotating drums are studied. For ellipsoids in the rotating drums, when aspect ratio increases or decreases from 1.0, the dynamic angle of repose increases. Multiple GPUs with message passing interface (MPI) are also used. It is demonstrated that the speed using 32 GPUs can be 18 times faster than a single GPU. It can handle large granular systems with more than 10 million particles. Thus, the GPU based DEM developed in this work makes the simulation of real industrial processes possible.
A Survey and Measurement Study of GPU DVFS on Energy Conservation
Venue: ArXiv

Energy efficiency has become one of the top design criteria for current computing systems. The dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) has been widely adopted by laptop computers, servers, and mobile devices to conserve energy, while the GPU DVFS is still at a certain early age. This paper aims at exploring the impact of GPU DVFS on the application performance and power consumption, and furthermore, on energy conservation. We survey the state of the art GPU DVFS characterizations, and then summarize recent research works on GPU power and performance models. We also conduct real GPU DVFS experiments on NVIDIA Fermi and Maxwell GPUs. According to our experimental results, GPU DVFS has significant potential for energy saving. The effect of scaling core voltage/frequency and memory voltage/frequency depends on not only the GPU architectures, but also the characteristic of GPU applications.
Selective GPU caches to eliminate CPU GPU HW cache coherence
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)

Cache coherence is ubiquitous in shared memory multiprocessors because it provides a simple, high performance memory abstraction to programmers. Recent work suggests extending hardware cache coherence between CPUs and GPUs to help support programming models with tightly coordinated sharing between CPU and GPU threads. However, implementing hardware cache coherence is particularly challenging in systems with discrete CPUs and GPUs that may not be produced by a single vendor. Instead, we propose, selective caching, wherein we disallow GPU caching of any memory that would require coherence updates to propagate between the CPU and GPU, thereby decoupling the GPU from vendor specific CPU coherence protocols. We propose several architectural improvements to offset the performance penalty of selective caching: aggressive request coalescing, CPU side coherent caching for GPU uncacheable requests, and a CPU GPU interconnect optimization to support variable size transfers. Moreover, current GPU workloads access many read only memory pages; we exploit this property to allow promiscuous GPU caching of these pages, relying on page level protection, rather than hardware cache coherence, to ensure correctness. These optimizations bring a selective caching GPU implementation to within 93% of a hardware cache coherent implementation without the need to integrate CPUs and GPUs under a single hardware coherence protocol.
Classifying spatial trajectories using representation learning
Venue: International Journal of Data Science and Analytics

This paper addresses the problem of feature extraction for estimating users' transportation modes from their movement trajectories. Previous studies have adopted supervised learning approaches and used engineers' skills to find effective features for accurate estimation. However, such handcrafted features cannot always work well because human behaviors are diverse and trajectories include noise due to measurement error. To compensate for the shortcomings of handcrafted features, we propose a method that automatically extracts additional features using a deep neural network (DNN) In order that a DNN can easily handle input trajectories, our method converts a raw trajectory data structure into an image data structure while maintaining effective spatiotemporal information. A classification model is constructed in a supervised manner using both of the deep features and handcrafted features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through several experiments using two real datasets, such as accuracy comparisons with previous methods and feature visualization.
Engineering Competition Team recruitment and integration strategies impact on team diversity
Venue: 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)

Engineering Competition Teams (ECT) recruit and integrate new members every year. We interviewed groups of students at two national and international competitions about the methods they use to recruit and retain students, in an effort to understand why ECT have low participation of students from underrepresented groups. None of the teams that were interviewed were especially diverse, in spite of our efforts to interview diverse students. We categorized their recruitment activities into strategies that require direct person interaction with a degree of personal invitation (active) and those that do not (passive) using a theoretical framework provided by Cegler  Not all passive recruiting is done in ways that completely avoid personal interaction. Thus, for ECT, Cegler's passive category was separated into two categories: direct and indirect recruiting. Teams generally had more numerous recruiting strategies than integration strategies. We analyzed integration strategies using the theoretical framework of legitimate peripheral participation  We found that while a handful of teams were using strategies that could fit into this theoretical framework, most were making critical mistakes including trying to integrate too many students and failing to allow new recruits to work at meaningful projects. The paper concludes with recommendations for recruiting and integration practices that may improve team diversity.
Assessment of nasal base morphology using new proportion indices in Chinese
Venue: SpringerPlus

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to measure the soft tissue of the external nasal base in Han Chinese women and identify indices with which to simplify morphological assessment.MethodsThis study involved 155 Han women in China. The control group comprised 101 women, and the surgical group comprised 54 women. Using measurements and analytical software, we measured the nasal base on photographs in the two groups. The nasal base was also measured preoperatively and postoperatively in the surgical group. Results from the two groups were compared with a t test.ResultsThe proportion index of the nasal tip triangle (upper nasal base) was c prn/a 0.33 0.05 1:3. The proportion index of the nostril trapezoidal (lower nasal base) was c sn/all alr 0.25 0.04 1:4. The proportion indices of the nasal tip triangle and the nostril trapezoidal were larger in the postoperative surgical group than in the control group. Therefore, the nasal base morphology became stereoscopic through surgical correction.ConclusionThe current study provides a credible and objective reference for cosmetic nasal surgery. The proportion indices related to the nasal base can be used to intuitively and vividly ascertain the nasal base morphology.
Effects of Trunk Control Exercise Performed on an Unstable Surface on Dynamic Balance in Chronic Stroke Patients

This study compared the effectiveness of trunk control exercise performed on an unstable surface with that of general balance exercise on dynamic balance in the patients with chronic stroke.  The persons of this study were thirty seven chronic stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups; (1) those who performed trunk control exercise on a foam roll and (2) those who performed general balance exercise. The exercises were performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks. To determine the effectiveness of the 2 types of exercises, we measured dynamic balance at the beginning of the exercises and again after 4 weeks at the completion of exercises program.
A parametric landscape urbanism method: The search for an optimal solution

Through ecological awareness, different methods have been investigated to explore the relationship between nature and design. Additionally, digital techniques and methods have begun to dominate all fields of professions, including design disciplines. Landscape is an integral part of a city's public domain. The concept of Landscape Urbanism prioritizes landscape over building design in urban planing through the use of advanced digital techniques. Although there are studies and projects in this field, they lack a method that can be implemented for the organizational principles of a masterplan and the distribution of green areas by creating iterations. A parametric landscape urbanism method has been developed and applied as the concept of a self sufficient micro nation located in Europe. The methodology uses principles that consist of three stages: defining the site's constraints, generating computational geometry, and the optimization process, which uses evolutionary algorithms. As a result, a solution space is generated by creating iterations for green area distribution and determining their green area ratios. The method can potentially be applied to other site domains and optimization problems.
Why do we buy luxury experiences

The luxury segment of the hospitality industry has experienced substantial growth in the past decade. Unfortunately, the notion of perceived luxury values has received scant attention, and there is a lack of valid framework to capture consumers' value perceptions in the context of luxury hospitality services. Using luxury restaurant as an example of luxury hospitality services, this paper aims to establish the structure of luxury hospitality values and their measures and to investigate the relationship between luxury hospitality values and purchase intentions.  A survey questionnaire was developed to test the proposed luxury value framework. Confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical linear regression were used to test the hypotheses.  Four luxury restaurant value dimensions including functional value, hedonic value, symbolic/expressive value and financial value were identified. The study results further reveal that a consumer's purchase intention is influenced primarily by hedonic value, followed by functional value and financial value. Interestingly, unlike in the context of luxury goods, the purchase of luxury restaurant services is not substantially influenced by symbolic/expressive value.  Hospitality firms catering to the affluent might use the luxury value framework to better understand what drives their customers' purchase intentions, and use such knowledge to create new services or to improve current product offerings. In addition, luxury hospitality companies can use this luxury value framework to position their brands/products.  To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first that empirically tests a luxury value framework in the luxury hospitality context and investigates the relationship between luxury hospitality values and purchase intentions.
Context Semantic Analysis: A Knowledge Based Technique for Computing Inter document Similarity
Venue: SISAP

We propose a novel knowledge based technique for inter document similarity, called Context Semantic Analysis (CSA) Several specialized approaches built on top of specific knowledge base (e.g. Wikipedia) exist in literature but CSA differs from them because it is designed to be portable to any RDF knowledge base. Our technique relies on a generic RDF knowledge base (e.g. DBpedia and Wikidata) to extract from it a vector able to represent the context of a document. We show how such a Semantic Context Vector can be effectively exploited to compute inter document similarity. Experimental results show that our general technique outperforms baselines built on top of traditional methods, and achieves a performance similar to the ones of specialized methods.
Semantic Similarity from Natural Language and Ontology Analysis
Venue: Computational Linguistics

Automatic text understanding requires knowledge and, so far, machines know only what we give or teach them. As a consequence, most natural language processing (NLP) tasks crucially rely on the existence of linguistic resources that encode information about language, be it of morphological, syntactic, or semantic nature. Such resources are typically acquired via two main approaches: the knowledge based approach, or top down, where information is manually curated by humans, and the corpus based approach, or bottom up, where information is automatically learned from corpora. Although the latter has gained ground during the last decade benefiting from the availability of large amounts of text and from increased computing capacities the former remains fundamental for it allows us to collect reliable, fine grained, and explicit information. Lexical knowledge bases (LKBs) also known as lexico semantic resources, provide information about words and potentially entities, and are at the core of knowledgebased approaches. They are widely used in a variety of NLP tasks (e.g. word sense disambiguation, information retrieval, and question answering) all the more so since their traditional limitations (i.e. lack of language and domain specific coverage) have recently started to fall. Indeed, beside the long established process of expert based resource creation (e.g. WordNet) Web technologies have enabled the collaborative, crowd based construction of resources (e.g. Wikipedia and Wiktionary) This contributed to significantly widen the scope of the available machine readable knowledge and, in the context of an already diverse landscape of LKBs, it encouraged and motivated even more the need to integrate different resources so as to make the best of them all. This book introduces linked lexical knowledge bases by giving an account of their foundations and presenting their main applications. Its target audience includes NLP practitioners or students who wish to better understand linked lexical knowledge bases, how they are built, and their typical usages and added value. The book is organized into eight chapters plus a preface, and is additionally put into perspective by a foreword (by Ido Dagan) that considers the history, recent evolution, and probable future directions of knowledge acquisition.
THE JOURNALIST IS MARKETING THE NEWS

This study, based on case studies of three online newsrooms, seeks to understand the patterns of how journalists use social media in their news work. Through 150 hours of observations and interviews with 31 journalists, the study found that journalists are normalizing social media while also reworking some of their norms and routines around it, a process of journalistic negotiation. They are balancing editorial autonomy and the other norms that have institutionalized journalism, on one hand, and the increasing influence exerted by the audience perceived to be the key for journalism's survival on the other. In doing so, journalists are also seeing a reworking of their traditional gatekeeping role, finding themselves having to also market the news.
Diet supplementation with a specific melon concentrate improves oviduct antioxidant defenses and egg characteristics in laying hens.
Venue: Poultry science

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a specific melon concentrate on oviduct antioxidant defenses and egg characteristics of laying hens.Lohmann Brown hens were assigned to 2 treatment groups (n 16 in each) One group was supplemented with the melon concentrate (26 mg/kg of feed) during 6 wk. The other group was composed of untreated hens, which served as control. Eggs were collected, weighed (yolk, albumen, shell) and analyzed (Haugh unit and albumen pH relevant for egg freshness) at the end of the supplementation period. Antioxidant status was evaluated in the oviduct measuring antioxidant enzymes by western blotting.This study demonstrated that the melon concentrate could ameliorate egg weight, and particularly yolk contribution to egg weight and egg shell weight. An increase in endogenous antioxidant defenses in the oviduct after this melon concentrate supplementation could explain the better egg characteristics. The improvement of egg quality, due to melon concentrate, may have important economic implications for future breeding programs, particularly if these effects generalize from hens to other poultry species, or even other livestock animal species.
Les Golems du numerique. Droit d'auteur et Lex Electronica.

Les golems dont il est question dans cet ouvrage ne sont pas ces creatures en argile de la mythologie yiddish, depourvues de libre arbitre en droit, la metaphore du GOLEM (Govenment Originated Legally Enforced Monopoly) designe la propriete intellectuelle en tant que monopole patrimonial garanti par la loi. Dans cet ouvrage reprenant la these de doctorat de l'auteure, il s'agit principalement des Digital Rights Management systems (DRM) dispositifs techniques de regulation controlant l'usag.