nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Millettia ferruginea (Hochst) Baker against the Larvae and Adult Ticks of Boophilus decoloratus a One Host Tick in Cattle

The present article reports the in vitro toxicity of the seed of Millettia ferruginea (Berbera) for the first time against the larvae and mature ticks of Boophilus decoloratus. The 20% 40% 60% 80% and 100% concentrations of the seed oil were found to kill all (100% mortality) larvae after 16hr, 12hr, 8hr, 6hr and 2hr respectively. The 100% concentration of the petroleum extract (oil) of the seed caused 100% mortality of adult male, adult female and fully engorged female tick after 5hr, 7hr and 12hr respectively. The root and root bark showed less toxicity while leaves did not show any activity. Among petroleum ether, acetone and methanol, the acetone extract showed highest acaricidal activity.
Reducing the risk of copper toxicity in dairy cattle
Venue: Veterinary Record

NEITHER Grace and Knowles (2015) nor Kendall and others (2015) mentioned the underlying reason for the upsurge in bovine copper toxicity: ignorance of how well copper is absorbed from mixed rations. Advice in the small print of ARC (1980) gave requirements for ruminants that ranged from 5 to 20 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM) a concept that does not remotely tally with a consensus requirement of 8 to 11 mg Cu/kg DM (Sinclair and Atkins 2015) Supporting evidence came from, arguably, the wrong species (sheep) on irrelevant (semi purified) diets, but later studies from the UK and New
Analyzing the learning style and study habit of students in the faculty of nursing of Al Jabal Al Gharbi University, Gharyan, Libya

Through learning, everyone becomes educated but learners should have a style to learn and possess a habit that match how they study. These two variables are vital as guide for educators or mentors to come up with such methodology or strategy in promoting quality and effective teaching learning environment. With this, it is the purpose of this study to investigate the learning style and study habit of students in the Faculty of Nursing, Al Jabal Al Gharbi University, Gharyan, Libya according to their gender, year level and age group. A mixed methods of research was used and the data gathering tool used to assess variables consisted of the Visual, Auditory and Kinaesthetic (VAK) Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and the Study Habit Inventory utilizing the study attitude inventory (SAI) with four scales known as Motivation,  Exam Technique and Lack of Distraction. A descriptive design was employed to determine the learning style and study habit of Bachelor of Science in nursing (BSN) students. Generally, BSN students found to be visual learners and have the motivation as the most scaled study habit. Furthermore, differences on learning style and study habit according to demographic profile vary. Indeed, There is a strong relationship between the learning style and study habit among BSN students of Al Jabal Al Gharbi University, Gharyan, Libya.
Synthesis of large scale 2 D MoS2 atomic layers by hydrogen free and promoter free chemical vapor deposition

As one of the two dimensional (2 D) transition metal dichalcogenides, atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has attracted significant attention and research interests for micro and nanoelectronic applications. Significant efforts have been made to develop different approaches in order to obtain atomic layer MoS2, such as exfoliation, chemical synthesis, and physical or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. In this paper, we report a hydrogen free and promoter free CVD growth to synthesize large area MoS2 atomic layers. A variety of techniques including optical microscopy (OM) atomic force microscopy (AFM) photoluminescence (PL) mapping, Raman and x ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were applied to characterize the film quality, uniformity and layer numbers. High quality centimeter sized MoS2 atomic layers were demonstrated, which form a foundation to develop wafer sized material platform for device fabrication and production.
Nigeria's military failure against the Boko Haram insurgency

This article attempts to explain the apparent failure of Nigeria's military action against the Boko Haram (roughly translated as 'Western education is prohibited' insurgency in the north east of the country. Until the involvement of troops from Chad and Niger in January 2015, the Boko Haram insurgents were succeeding in their effort to establish, or rather consolidate, an extreme version of the 'Islamic state' in parts of north east Nigeria. For over five years, the military struggled to defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Nigeria against Boko Haram, with little success. The war opened a Pandora's box, exposing a deep crisis in the military and the civilian leadership in Nigeria. The Boko Haram insurgents were able to fly the flag of their 'state' in the territory of Nigeria. This article argues that the failure of the military action can be attributed to three factors: the erosion of military professionalism under civilian administrations since 1999; the poor handling of the war by the top military officers; and a lack of decisiveness in the leadership of President Jonathan and the military to end the insurgency.
Impact of the Boko Haram Insurgency on the Child's Right to Education in Nigeria

This paper is focused on the impact of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria on the child's right to education. The article concludes by assessing how the Nigerian government has lived up to its obligations under international law to ensure the realisation of the child's right to education in the face of the insurgency in the North eastern part of the country. Concrete recommendations are made to the Nigerian government with regard to addressing the impact of the insurgency on the rights of the child.
Ni C N Nanosheets as Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

We report a facile nitrogenation/exfoliation process to prepare hybrid Ni C N nanosheets. These nanosheets are <2 nm thin, chemically stable, and metallically conductive. They serve as a robust catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in 0.5 M H2SO4, or 1.0 M KOH or 1.0 M PBS (pH 7) For example, they catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction in 0.5 M H2SO4 at an onset potential of 34.7 mV, an overpotential of 60.9 mV (at j 10 mA cm 2) and with remarkable long term stability ~10% current drop after 70 h testing period) They are promising as a non Pt catalyst for practical hydrogen evolution reaction.
Supporting Competitive Intelligence at DuPont by Controlling Information Overload and Cutting Through the Noise
Venue: J. Inf. Knowl. Manag.

To overcome the problems of managing too much information and curating for the valuable content, DuPont's research, business, regulatory, manufacturing, legal, and marketing teams increasingly rely on the corporate library's competitive intelligence (CI) team to keep up with the latest Key Intelligence Topics (KITs) affecting their strategic goals and their decision making processes. To meet the growing demand for CI news with constrained resources, the library CI team and the software application team designed and built CIntell, a user friendly collection of technologies and services to harvest, store, curate, and publish secondary CI information. Using exclusively open source technologies (including Weka, Rome, MySQL, Solr) CIntell automatically harvests, filters, de duplicates, tags, classifies, and stores public and subscribed secondary information in a structured database including news, research publications, patents, government reports, and web information. The CIntell web based user interface facilitates searching, reviewing, organising, curating, and publishing CI news of interest to a project's owners. Implementation of CIntell has more than tripled the CI newsletter productivity of the library CI team and reduced the news clutter by more than half compared to using traditional alerting tools and sporadic DIY searching.
Job shortages in anesthesia: a pro or con?
Venue: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthesie

Over the last 30 years, cyclical changes have occurred in Canada with respect to matching the number of graduate residents to the number of available staff anesthesiologist positions. Despite previous models and predictions to the contrary, the current landscape appears to be one of 'job market' restriction. While this is a major and immediate problem for graduates, as well as for training programs, there are important potential impacts positive and negative on the profession. In this editorial perspective, we briefly review the key problems resulting from this mismatch but also explore some potentially important benefits. Although many of the principles in this discussion may relate to the profession in any province (or country) our perspective primarily concerns the work of anesthesiologists in Ontario. Health human resource planning is difficult because it requires accurate forecasts of supply and demand in health economics using factors that are constantly evolving. On the supply side, the key elements are the stock (i.e. the count of available qualified physicians) and its flow (i.e. the additions to, and the losses from, the stock) In addition, evolution in practice (e.g. development of the anesthesia care team, more efficient approaches to care, change in the required ratio of anesthesiologists to operating rooms) may mean that fewer specialists are needed to provide equivalent care for a given patient population. The demand side may also be difficult to predict because of the influence of economic, legislative, and competitive pressures, as well as population changes (e.g. aging, chronic illnesses) or changing expectations of care (e.g. shorter wait times or enhanced access to care) A reduction in healthcare spending, such as during economic restraint, can bear a semblance to apparent lower demand and clinician surplus.
"The Whip Is a Very Contagious Kind of Thing" Flogging and humanitarian reform in penal Australia

This paper traces humanitarian debates over corporal punishment and the use of the lash in the Australian colonies in the nineteenth century, with particular attention to Quakers James Backhouse and George Washington Walker's interventions in penal discipline in colonial Van Diemen's Land. It examine the ways that corporal punishment of convicts and Aboriginal peoples was framed through abolitionist eyes and explores in detail specific objections to the lash, including ideas around suffering, abstract vengeance and pain. The paper considers the move to other punishment strategies such as silent and solitary confinement, promoted in place of the lash. As we show, the evidence provided by the travelling investigative Quakers did much to inform the 1837 Select Committee on Transportation chaired by William Molesworth. The same report is also credited with reducing the rate of flogging in the penal colonies. However, while the Molesworth Committee is regarded as a decisive turning point in the history of Britain's deployment of convict labour, we argue that a shift in punishment strategies was already well underway before the late 1830s. Using new data on punishments awarded, we demonstrate that in Van Diemen's Land the demise of the lash had begun well before the Molesworth Committee met. We conclude by arguing that the association between the great humanitarian moment and the demise of flagellation so often associated Molesworth, was more complex and less direct than is often supposed.
La influencia de los medios sociales digitales en el consumo. La funcion prescriptiva de los medios sociales en la decision de compra de bebidas refrescantes en Espana

La evolucion del mundo digital en todas sus vertientes ha provocado que las diferentes etapas en la toma de decisiones de compra hayan sido modificadas. Por un lado, el canal digital como finalizador de la transaccion comercial en todos sus ambitos, con la evolucion ya asentada del comercio electronico y por otro lado, Internet como herramienta de busqueda de informacion y como elemento de prescripcion. La aparicion de los medios sociales ha sido el elemento definitivo que ha permitido interconectar a una velocidad elevada paginas y perfiles de empresas comerciales, lo cual ha dotado a individuos y marcas de potentes herramientas para intercambiar contenido y lo que es mas importante, convertir las relaciones en bilaterales, donde el consumidor puede de manera muy directa, emitir sus opiniones ante experiencias de compra y consumo y difundirlas a millones de usuarios; ya sean otras personas u otras marcas; provocando, en este caso, un poder de influencia enorme sobre potenciales consumidores de esa misma marca. La red se ha convertido en la principal fuente de informacion a la hora de la toma de decisiones de compra, tanto antes del acto en si, durante el mismo y por supuesto, la propia retroalimentacion con su opinion post compra. Por lo tanto, se hace fundamental por parte de las marcas, analizar donde se encuentran dentro de la red y en especial de los medios sociales, todas aquellas opiniones tanto positivas como negativas, que permitan a la misma identificar cuales son las variables decisivas por parte de los consumidores y que opiniones vierten los mismos actuando como prescriptores o detractores de la marca.
From the front end of projects to the back end of operations: Managing projects for value creation throughout the system lifecycle

Morris (2013) calls for value creation for project stakeholders using project outcomes. This is an attempt to link the front end of the system lifecycle the project phase to the back end, i.e. the operations phase. Little is however known about how value creation occurs through developing project outcomes which have the capacity to continue value creating activities even decades after a project is completed. We establish that projects are multi organizational systems which transit from the project phase to the operations phase in system lifecycles, and we use the systems view to analyze value creation mechanisms within the system lifecycle. We carry out empirical research into the lifecycle of a shopping center. Four distinct value enhancing integration mechanisms in the operations of this multi organizational system are identified, and propositions for four new project management approaches that create value during the project and have long term value enhancing impacts in the operations phase are derived.
The temporal nature of legitimation: the case of IFRS8

Legitimation can operate on an episodic or continual basis [Suchman, M.C. (1995) Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3) 571 610] We examine the temporal legitimation of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)'s actions during the adoption and review of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 8 'Operating Segments' We conceptualise the controversy surrounding IFRS8 as an episode when the IASB sought segmental reporting convergence with the US standard, Statement of Financial Accounting Standard 131. Interpreting evidence from 15 (20) semi structured interviews undertaken in 2009 (2011) before (after) entities reported under IFRS8, reveals its adoption precipitated an episodic legitimacy threat from selected audiences to the actions of the IASB. We discuss the IASB's attempt to influence legitimation for this episode through commitment to a post implementation review [IFRS Foundation. (2011) Post implementation reviews: Plan for developing the framework for conducting post implementation reviews. IASB Board meeting February 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011, from http:/www.ifrs.org/NR/rdonlyres/3E1502E4 F1E8 4907 838B FFB20C7268ED/0/PIR02111st2ndb04obs.pdf] of IFRS8. Interpreting legitimacy concerns across diverse audiences about specific actions of the IASB (the introduction of IFRS8) enables us to draw conclusions about the resilience of the IASB as a standard setting organisation, in itself.
Purchasing power parity and real exchange rate in Central Eastern European countries

This study applies a non linear threshold unit root test to test the validity of purchasing power parity (PPP) to assess the non stationary properties of the convergence of real exchange rates (RERs) based on Taylor rules for ten Central Eastern European countries. We find that the non linear threshold unit root test has greater power than the linear method suggested by Caner and Hansen (2001) if the true data generating process of RER convergence is a stationary non linear process. We examine the validity of Taylor rules from the non linear perspective and provide robust evidence that clearly indicates that PPP holds true for seven Central Eastern European countries. These results imply that the choices and effectiveness of the monetary policies in Central Eastern European economies are highly influenced by external factors that originate from the United States. Additionally, our findings highlight that these countries' RER convergence is a mean reversion towards the equilibrium values of Taylor rules in a non linear manner. Our findings mean capital mobility, exchange rate market efficiency and monetary integration are non linear in these Central Eastern European countries.
An application of a metaheuristic algorithm based clustering ensemble method to APP customer segmentation
Venue: Neurocomputing

This study proposes a metaheuristic based clustering ensemble method. It integrates the clustering ensembles algorithm with the metaheuristic based clustering algorithm. In the clustering ensembles, this study performs an improved generation mechanism and a co association matrix in the co occurrence approach. In order to improve the efficiency, a principle component analysis is employed. Furthermore, three metaheuristic based clustering algorithms are proposed. This paper uses a real coded genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization and an artificial bee colony optimization to combine with clustering ensembles algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the proposed metaheuristic based clustering ensembles algorithms have better performance than metaheuristic based clustering without clustering ensembles method. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms are applied to solve a customer segmentation problem. The real problem is come from a mobile application. Among all of the proposed algorithms, the artificial bee colony optimization based clustering ensembles algorithm outperforms other algorithms. Therefore, the marketing strategy for the real application is made based on the best result.
A Semi Automated Content Moderation Workflow for Humanitarian Situation Assessments
Venue: Int. J. Inf. Syst. Crisis Response Manag.

Although online social media has been recognized as a source of information that is potentially relevant for humanitarian organizations, it remains to demonstrate positive impact. The authors argue that relevant information isn't yet incorporated effectively into decision making because the key role of humanitarian situation assessment experts and their methodologies hasn't been sufficiently recognized and incorporated into information systems design. In particular, the authors focus on the content moderation process i.e. on examining, correcting and enriching data and controlling its dissemination and argue that existing systems, which often follow a human is the loop approach, either lack automation support or flexibility. In contrast, they present an interactive, semi automated content moderation workflow and an instantiating prototype that follows the human is the loop approach and centers on assessment experts. The evaluation of the new system practitioner interviews and serious games suggests that it offers good compatibility with experts' work practices, moderation quality and flexibility.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of New Oxadiazole Stilbene Hybrids against Phytopathogenic Fungi
Venue: Scientific reports

Natural stilbenes (especially resveratrol) play important roles in plant protection by acting as both constitutive and inducible defenses. However, their exogenous applications on crops as fungicidal agents are challenged by their oxidative degradation and limited availability. In this study, a new class of resveratrol inspired oxadiazole stilbene hybrids was synthesized via Wittig Horner reaction. Bioassay results indicated that some of the compounds exhibited potent fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea in vitro. Among these stilbene hybrids, compounds 11 showed promising inhibitory activity with the EC50 value of 144.6 mg/mL, which was superior to that of resveratrol (315.6 mg/mL) Remarkably, the considerably abnormal mycelial morphology was observed in the presence of compound 11. The inhibitory profile was further proposed by homology modeling and molecular docking studies, which showed the possible interaction of resveratrol and oxadiazole stilbene hybrids with the cytochrome P450 dependent sterol 14a demethylase from B. cinerea (BcCYP51) for the first time. Taken together, these results would provide new insights into the fungicidal mechanism of stilbenes, as well as an important clue for biology oriented synthesis of stilbene hybrids with improved bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungi in crop protection.
The Research and Application of Technology in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Warning Association Rule Mining
Venue: 2016 8th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME)

This paper establishes establish the intelligent diagnosis model of lung cancer based on the testing data from clinical diagnoses and by means of interactive regulation tapping. The author respectively analyzes 12 targets of 100 patients. Through muliti subjects combined means of radioimmunology, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and chemistry so as to discover the interactive regulation between cancer and its likely causes and guide the diagnosis and prevention of lung cancer with the regulation model. The result shows that this method is superior to the conventional statistics of quantitative medicine. The author expects to take this as an example to study the application of the interactive regulation tapping in clinical diagnoses.
Studying School Shootings: Challenges and Considerations for Research

Studying school shootings can be both a fruitful and challenging endeavor. The random nature of these events provides a number of challenges for studying this phenomenon. This paper explores these concerns as they relate to developing and implementing studies, as well as interpreting related findings by drawing on previous research that examined the effects of the 1999 Columbine High School, the 2007 Virginia Tech, and the 2008 Northern Illinois University shootings. Ways in which these issues may be overcome and, more generally, the research can be moved forward also are discussed.