nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy optimal path planning by stochastic dynamically orthogonal level set optimization

A stochastic optimization methodology is formulated for computing energy optimal paths from among time optimal paths of autonomous vehicles navigating in a dynamic flow field. Based on partial differential equations, the methodology rigorously leverages the level set equation that governs time optimal reachability fronts for a given relative vehicle speed function. To set up the energy optimization, the relative vehicle speed and headings are considered to be stochastic and new stochastic Dynamically Orthogonal (DO) level set equations are derived. Their solution provides the distribution of time optimal reachability fronts and corresponding distribution of time optimal paths. An optimization is then performed on the vehicle's energy time joint distribution to select the energy optimal paths for each arrival time, among all stochastic time optimal paths for that arrival time. Numerical schemes to solve the reduced stochastic DO level set equations are obtained, and accuracy and efficiency considerations are discussed. These reduced equations are first shown to be efficient at solving the governing stochastic level sets, in part by comparisons with direct Monte Carlo simulations. To validate the methodology and illustrate its accuracy, comparisons with semi analytical energy optimal path solutions are then completed. In particular, we consider the energy optimal crossing of a canonical steady front and set up its semi analytical solution using a energy time nested nonlinear double optimization scheme. We then showcase the inner workings and nuances of the energy optimal path planning, considering different mission scenarios. Finally, we study and discuss results of energy optimal missions in a wind driven barotropic quasi geostrophic double gyre ocean circulation.
Underwater Acoustic Positioning System for Real time Fish Tracking

This master thesis describes an implementation of an underwater acoustic positioning system for real time fish tracking in large scale aquaculture sea cages, as well as experimental tests conducted with system developed. The positioning system is to be based on hydrophones of type TBR700 RT and Thelma Biotel transmitter tags. It is a passive acoustic localization system, which means that the transmitting node is to be located based on signal reception at the hydrophones. For localization, the method of time difference of arrival (TDOA) was used in combination with a pressure sensor. First, the theoretical groundwork for the system is shown. That includes derivations of the positioning equations, algorithms, methods for software implmentation and considerations for the special case of underwater sound. As the TDOA method presupposes accurate clock synchronization, a surface support module (SSM) was developed, utilizing GPS technology to synchronize the clocks of the hydrophones. This thesis will describe how to utilize the SSM to bridge the hydrophones to the internet, enabling fish tracking in real time. Lastly, experimental tests will be presented in order to evaluate the precision of the system. Some experiments that were done in November 2015 involved fish tracking, and was parsed by the developed algorithm. These results will also be discussed briefly. The experimental tests showed the system to perform well. Within a sea cage where hydrophones were mounted in an equilateral triangle on the periphery, the system was precise within a margin of 2m for most transmitter positions. However, the deviations on the position estimates are dependent on the transmitter's relative geometry to the receiver array, and is therefore variable. Near the middle of the cage, the precision was about 1m. It has thus been shown that the system is useful for monitoring fish motion in sea cages.
Effective localization of humanoid with fish eye lens using field line detection
Venue: 2016 Asia Pacific Conference on Intelligent Robot Systems (ACIRS)

This paper presents a real time technique for efficient localization of a humanoid robot in a soccer field using a fish eye lens. We propose a novel method that uses node merging to provide a robust and an accurate estimate of positions of the intersection points in the field lines. The distances to these points are calculated using Inverse Perspective Mapping and fed to the particle filter for the purpose of localization. The proposed algorithms have been implemented and tested on the humanoid robot platform AcYut, being developed at the Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems (CRIS) BITS Pilani.
Public health impact and cost effectiveness of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine: a systematic comparison of predictions from four mathematical models
Venue: The Lancet

The phase 3 trial of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine candidate showed modest efficacy of the vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but was not powered to assess mortality endpoints. Impact projections and cost effectiveness estimates for longer timeframes than the trial follow up and across a range of settings are needed to inform policy recommendations. We aimed to assess the public health impact and cost effectiveness of routine use of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in African settings.  We compared four malaria transmission models and their predictions to assess vaccine cost effectiveness and impact. We used trial data for follow up of 32 months or longer to parameterise vaccine protection in the group aged 5 17 months. Estimates of cases, deaths, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted were calculated over a 15 year time horizon for a range of levels of Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence in 2 10 year olds (PfPR2 10; range 3 65% We considered two vaccine schedules: three doses at ages 6, 7*5, and 9 months (three dose schedule, 90% coverage) and including a fourth dose at age 27 months (four dose schedule, 72% coverage) We estimated cost effectiveness in the presence of existing malaria interventions for vaccine prices of US$2 10 per dose.  In regions with a PfPR2 10 of 10 65% RTS,S/AS01 is predicted to avert a median of 93 940 (range 20 490 126 540) clinical cases and 394 (127 708) deaths for the three dose schedule, or 116 480  clinical cases and 484 (189 859) deaths for the four dose schedule, per 100 000 fully vaccinated children. A positive impact is also predicted at a PfPR2 10 of 5 10% but there is little impact at a prevalence of lower than 3% At $5 per dose and a PfPR2 10 of 10 65% we estimated a median incremental cost effectiveness ratio compared with current interventions of $30 (range 18 211) per clinical case averted and $80 (44 279) per DALY averted for the three dose schedule, and of $25 (16 222) and $87 (48 244) respectively, for the four dose schedule. Higher ICERs were estimated at low PfPR2 10 levels.  We predict a significant public health impact and high cost effectiveness of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine across a wide range of settings. Decisions about implementation will need to consider levels of malaria burden, the cost effectiveness and coverage of other malaria interventions, health priorities, financing, and the capacity of the health system to deliver the vaccine.
'Nuclear Sword of the Moslem World' the United States, Britain, Pakistan, and the 'Islamic Bomb' 1977 80

There exists today considerable fear of nuclear proliferation across the 'Islamic world. Despite this, an issue that in part set the tone for contemporary debates has largely gone under examined in the scholarly literature. The emergence of the 'Islamic bomb' idea in the late 1970s created a meme that remains with us today. Analysing the roots of this meme allows us to examine its creation and the attitudes of governments towards this alleged emergent nuclear proliferation threat. This analysis demonstrates that while the media portrayed the 'Islamic world' as violent, undifferentiated, and determined to gain nuclear capability, the US and British governments assessed matters evidentially and came to the conclusion that the 'Islamic bomb' represented a propaganda problem rather than an imminent nuclear proliferation concern. Attitudes towards the 'Islamic bomb' highlight media and governmental attitudes towards the changing power balances in the Middle East and South Asia during a turbulent and troubled period.
Deep Tracking on the Move: Learning to Track the World from a Moving Vehicle using Recurrent Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv

This paper presents an end to end approach for tracking static and dynamic objects for an autonomous vehicle driving through crowded urban environments. Unlike traditional approaches to tracking, this method is learned end to end, and is able to directly predict a full unoccluded occupancy grid map from raw laser input data. Inspired by the recently presented DeepTracking approach [Ondruska, 2016] we employ a recurrent neural network (RNN) to capture the temporal evolution of the state of the environment, and propose to use Spatial Transformer modules to exploit estimates of the egomotion of the vehicle. Our results demonstrate the ability to track a range of objects, including cars, buses, pedestrians, and cyclists through occlusion, from both moving and stationary platforms, using a single learned model. Experimental results demonstrate that the model can also predict the future states of objects from current inputs, with greater accuracy than previous work.
The School Learning Environment and Students' Attitude and Achievement in English Language.

This paper examined the school learning environment and students' attitude and achievement in English language. Components of the school learning environment include the infrastructure in the school such as the classroom learning environment, libraries, laboratories, fields and play grounds for games etc. Furniture such as chairs and desks for students tables and chairs for teachers and instructional materials such as computers, overhead projectors, audio and audio visual aids. The issue of school learning environment was explored and it was observed that many schools in Nigeria have dilapidated building, cracked walls and leaking roofs, infrastructural facilities are far from being conducive. Attitude and achievement of students to English language were reviewed and it was observed that if the learning environment is not conducive for learning, students are likely to develop negative attitude towards the subject with the resultant poor achievement. It is obvious that the poor state of the buildings and unattractive physical structure would likely generate a negative attitude for students' to perform academically. Based on this, one of the recommendations was that dilapidated and old school buildings across the country should be renovated and repainted to foster a positive attitude among students for better performance in English language
Association Between Learning Environment Interventions and Medical Student Well being: A Systematic Review.
Venue: JAMA

Importance Concerns exist about the current quality of undergraduate medical education and its effect on students' well being.  To identify best practices for undergraduate medical education learning environment interventions that are associated with improved emotional well being of students. Data Sources Learning environment interventions were identified by searching the biomedical electronic databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ERIC from database inception dates to October 2016. Studies examined any intervention designed to promote medical students' emotional well being in the setting of a US academic medical school, with an outcome defined as students' reports of well being as assessed by surveys, semistructured interviews, or other quantitative methods.  Two investigators independently reviewed abstracts and full text articles. Data were extracted into tables to summarize results. Study quality was assessed by the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERQSI) which has a possible range of 5 to 18; higher scores indicate higher design and methods quality and a score of 14 or higher indicates a high quality study.  Twenty eight articles including at least 8224 participants met eligibility criteria. Study designs included single group cross sectional or posttest only (n 10) single group pretest/posttest (n 2) nonrandomized 2 group (n 13) and randomized clinical trial (n 3) 89.2% were conducted at a single site, and the mean MERSQI score for all studies was 10.3 (SD, 2.11; range, 5 13) Studies encompassed a variety of interventions, including those focused on pass/fail grading systems (n 3; mean MERSQI score, 12.0) mental health programs (n 4; mean MERSQI score, 11.9) mind body skills programs (n 7; mean MERSQI score, 11.3) curriculum structure (n 3; mean MERSQI score, 9.5) multicomponent program reform (n 5; mean MERSQI score, 9.4) wellness programs (n 4; mean MERSQI score, 9.0) and advising/mentoring programs (n 3; mean MERSQI score, 8.2)  In this systematic review, limited evidence suggested that some specific learning environment interventions were associated with improved emotional well being among medical students. However, the overall quality of the evidence was low, highlighting the need for high quality medical education research.
Plagiarism and Cheating in Russian Universities: The Role of the Learning Environment and Personal Characteristics of Students

Evgeniya Shmeleva Research Assistant, Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics. Address: 20 Myasnitskaya str. 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation. E mail: eshmeleva@hse.ru The study aims to find out how plagiarism and cheating as dishonest practices correlate with personal characteristics of students (e. g. their involvement in learning and research activities) and specific features of the learning environment. The survey of university students and professors conducted as part of the 2014 Monitoring of Education Markets and Organizations provided the empirical basis for research. The impact of factors was assessed using two binary logistic regressions with response variables describing presence/absence of cheating and plagiarism experience. We show that these types of academic misconduct are not affected by whether or not the university applies formal or informal plagiarism checking techniques. Professor intolerance to cheating and willingness to take strict punitive measures appears to play a more important role in preventing academic dishonesty. Probability of using dishonest practices is also decreased by such factors as intensive preparation for classes, confidence in working in one"s field of study in the future, orientation towards the quality of education instead of its accessibility when choosing university and major. 2016 1 84 109
Medical laboratory science and nursing students' perception of academic learning environment in a Philippine university using Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM)
Venue: Journal of educational evaluation for health professions

This study aimed to compare the perception of the academic learning environment between medical laboratory science students and nursing students at Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines.  A cross sectional survey research design was used to measure the perceptions of the participants. A total of 341 students from the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Natural Sciences, and the School of Nursing answered the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) instrument from April to May 2016. Responses were compared according to course of study, gender, and year level.  The total mean DREEM scores of the medical laboratory science students and nursing students did not differ significantly when grouped according to course of study, gender, or year level. Medical laboratory science students had significantly lower mean scores in the sub domains 'perception of learning' and 'perception of teaching. Male medical laboratory science students had significantly lower mean scores in the sub domain 'perception of learning' among second year students. Medical laboratory science students had significantly lower mean scores in the sub domain 'perception of learning. Nursing students identified 7 problem areas, most of which were related to their instructors.  Medical laboratory science and nursing students viewed their academic learning environment as 'more positive than negative. However, the relationship of the nursing instructors to their students needs improvement.
Structure Comparison and Optimal Design of 6 RUS Parallel Manipulator Based on Kinematic and Dynamic Performances

THE EFFECTS OF DISTINCTIVE PARAMETERS SUCH AS REVOLUTE JOINT ANGLE OR SPHERICAL JOINT LOCATION OF MOBILE PLATFORM IN A 6 DOF 6 RUS PARALLEL MANIPULATORS ON WORKSPACE, KINEMATIC, AND DYNAMIC INDICES ARE INVESTIGATED IN THIS STUDY TO SELECT PROPER STRUCTURE COMMENSURATE WITH PERFORMANCE.  USED TO DESIGN THE MANIPULATOR. CONSIDERING DISTINCTIVE PARAMETERS, RELEVANT RELATIONS FOR DEVELOPING INVERSE KINEMATIC AND JACOBIN MATRIX ARE OBTAINED. IN ORDER TO STUDY DYNAMIC PROPERTIES, MASS MATRIX IS OBTAINED FROM CALCULATING THE TOTAL KINETIC ENERGY OF THE MANIPULATOR. AFTER MODIFYING MULTI OBJECTIVE BEES ALGORITHM, IT USED TO OPTIMIZE THE MANIPULATOR STRUCTURE CONSIDERING ALL GEOMETRICAL PARAMETERS WITH PROPER CONSTRAINTS. IN ADDITION OF COMPARISON OF THREE WELL KNOWN 6 RUS MANIPULATORSA TYPES, VARIATION DIAGRAM OF WORKSPACE, LOCAL AND GLOBAL DYNAMICS AND KINEMATICS PERFORMANCE INDICES HAVE BEEN DRAWN WITH RESPECT TO STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS VARIATION AND LIMITATION OF THESE PARAMETERS WITH PROPER VALUE ARE DETERMINED. MOREOVER, CONSIDERING ALL DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS, PARETO FRONT LINE OF MULTI OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF STRUCTURE IS PRESENTED BASED ON DYNAMIC AND KINEMATIC PERFORMANCE IN PRE DETERMINED WORKSPACE. BASED ON THE RESULTS, A FAIRLY COMPARISON AMONG VARIOUS TYPES OF 6 RUS MANIPULATORS CAN BE CONDUCTED AND THE MOST APPROPRIATE SET OF DIMENSIONAL PARAMETERS ARE SELECTED BASED ON SPECIFIC DEMAND.
L'examen cytobacteriologique des urines

L'examen cytobacteriologique des urines (ECBU) est l'analyse microbiologique la plus frequemment realisee en laboratoire. Le prelevement urinaire et son transport requierent des precautions strictes. L'analyse permet principalement de rechercher la presence d'une infection urinaire, de determiner les germes responsables et d'adapter ainsi le traitement antibiotique. L'infection urinaire est l'une des infections communautaires les plus frequentes.
Structured Matching for Phrase Localization
Venue: ECCV

In this paper we introduce a new approach to phrase localization: grounding phrases in sentences to image regions. We propose a structured matching of phrases and regions that encourages the semantic relations between phrases to agree with the visual relations between regions. We formulate structured matching as a discrete optimization problem and relax it to a linear program. We use neural networks to embed regions and phrases into vectors, which then define the similarities (matching weights) between regions and phrases. We integrate structured matching with neural networks to enable end to end training. Experiments on Flickr30K Entities demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of our approach.
Early wake up decision algorithm for ONUs in TDM PONs with sleep mode
Venue: IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

Recent IEEE and ITU T standards for time division multiplexing passive optical networks (TDM PONs) with sleep mode recommend that the optical line terminal (OLT) in a TDM PON should be in charge of invoking the optical network units (ONUs) to move into the sleep state in the absence of frames. It is considered that, upon upstream frame arrival, a sleeping ONU can leave the sleep state, in which an ONU turns off its transmitter or both its transmitter and receiver, immediately, prior to its assigned sleep interval length. In this paper, we refer to this approach as immediate early wake up (IMEW) According to the standards, the OLT may or may not allow an ONU to trigger an early wake up function (EWF) upon the upstream frames' arrival. If the OLT does not allow the EWF [we refer to this as not support early wake up (NSEW) an ONU should stay in the sleep state during its assigned sleep duration and buffer all the upstream frames while it is in this state. In IMEW, the upstream frames experience a small delay, but the ONU's energy consumption increases remarkably. Conversely, in NSEW, an ONU consumes less energy compared to IMEW at the price of increasing the upstream frame delay and the possibility of having its buffer overflow. In this paper, the limitations of IMEW and NSEW have motivated us to propose a novel early wake up decision (EWuD) algorithm that aims at meeting the upstream frame delay requirement while reducing the ONUs' energy consumption as much as possible. The role of the EWuD algorithm is to select an appropriate time for triggering EWF, taking into consideration two factors: 1) buffer overflow probability and 2) delay requirement violation of upstream frames. We evaluate EWuD performances using our TDM PON OPNET modular based simulation model under a wide range of scenarios. The findings demonstrate that our proposed EWuD can successfully meet the delay requirements of all upstream frames while reducing the ONUs' energy consumption significantly.
Energy efficiency analysis of the Watchful Sleep mode in next generation passive optical networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communication (ISCC)

Energy efficiency has become a salient element in the design and operation of modern telecommunications networks. To support energy efficiency in passive optical network (PON) systems, the ITU T has recently standardized a new power management technique, namely the Watchful Sleep mode, which unifies the two previously standardized techniques (i.e. Doze and Cyclic Sleep modes) The new mode can emulate each of the Doze and Cyclic modes, and it outperforms them in terms of energy efficiency and reduced network signaling. In this paper, we present the first analytical model for numerically measure the performance of the Watchful Sleep mode. Specifically, the new model estimates the ONU's energy efficiency under different network scenarios given a set of quality of service constraints. To validate our model, we perform comparisons with simulation results. These comparisons demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately capture the energy efficiency of PON systems.
Region based Multi focus Image Fusion using the spectral parameter Variance
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET)

Image fusion is the process of combining relevant information from two or more images into a single image. The resulting image will have more details than any one of the source images. In general, the Pixel based fusion methods are more sensitive to the noise present in input images. This leads to reduction in quality of fused Image. To face this challenge, a fusion method region based multi focus image fusion scheme is introduced based on image segmentation and the spectral parameter Variance in this paper. Firstly, an average image segment is calculated to perform the segmentation to input images. A shared region image is formed by using these partitioned images. The shared region is used to identify the input images. To perform the fusion process, a spectral parameter Variance is utilized. The proposed method produces better results on all types of images and proves to be the best method compared to all the traditional methods.