nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
How did a Housing First intervention improve health and social outcomes among homeless adults with mental illness in Toronto? Two year outcomes from a randomised trial
Venue: BMJ Open

We studied the impact of a Housing First (HF) intervention on housing, contact with the justice system, healthcare usage and health outcomes among At Home/Chez Soi randomised trial participants in Toronto, a city with an extensive service network for social and health services for individuals who are experiencing homelessness and mental illness.  Participants identified as high needs were randomised to receive either the intervention which provided them with housing and supports by an assertive community treatment team (HF+ACT) or treatment as usual (TAU) Participants (N=197) had in person interviews every 3 months for 2 years.  The HF+ACT group spent more time stably housed compared to the TAU group with the mean difference between the groups of 45.8% (95% CI 37.1% to 54.4% p<0.0001) Accounting for baseline differences, HF+ACT group showed significant improvements over TAU group for community functioning, selected quality of life subscales and arrests at some time points during follow up. No differences between HF+ACT and TAU groups over the follow up were observed for health service usage, community integration and substance use.  HF for individuals with high levels of need increased housing stability and selected health and justice outcomes over 2 years in a city with many social and health services.
Housing Quality in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Housing First for Homeless Individuals with Mental Illness: Correlates and Associations with Outcomes
Venue: Journal of Urban Health

Housing quality (HQ) is associated with mental health, and may mediate outcomes in housing interventions. However, studies of housing interventions rarely report HQ. The purpose of this study was to describe HQ in a multi site randomized controlled trial of Housing First (HF) in five Canadian cities and to examine possible differences by treatment group (HF recipients and treatment as usual (TAU) participants who were able to find housing through other programs or on their own) We also examined the association between HQ and the primary trial outcome: housing stability. The performance of a new multi dimensional standardized observer rated housing quality scale (the OHQS) in a relatively large cross site sample was also of interest. HQ was rated by trained research assistants for 204 HF participants and 228 TAU participants using the OHQS. General linear regression models were used to examine unit/building quality scores by group and site adjusting for other group differences, and as a predictor of housing stability outcomes after 24 months of follow up. The OHQS was found to have good reliability and validity, but because most of the neighborhood subscale items were negatively correlated with the overall scale, only unit and building items were included in the total HQ score (possible scores ranging from 13.5 to 135) Unit/building HQ was significantly better for the HF group overall (91.2 (95 CI 89.6 92.9) vs. 88.3 (95 CI 86.1 90.5) p .036) and in one site. HQ in the TAU group was much more variable than the HF group overall (W (mean) 24.7; p .001) and in four of five sites. Unit/building HQ scores were positively associated with housing stability: (73.4 (95 CI 68.3 78.5) for those housed none of the time; 91.1 (95 CI 89.2 93.0) for those housed some of the time; and 93.1 (95 CI 91.4 94.9) for those housed all of the time (F 43.9 p .001) This association held after adjusting for site, housing characteristics, participant ethnocultural status, community functioning, and social support. This study demonstrates that HQ can be as good or better, and less variable, in HF programs in Canada that systematically and predominantly source housing stock from the private sector compared to housing procured outside of an HF program. HQ is also an important predictor of housing stability outcomes.
L'exposition des travailleurs aux risques psychosociaux a t elle augmente pendant la crise economique de 2008

A partir des deux vagues de l'enquete Sante et itineraire professionnel (SIP) cet article etudie l'exposition des travailleurs aux risques psychosociaux (RPS) et son evolution entre 2006 et 2010, dans un contexte de crise economique. Nous estimons par des modeles Probit la probabilite individuelle d'exposition aux differents RPS conditionnellement aux caracteristiques socioeconomiques des individus et aux caracteristiques de leur emploi. Si l'on observe une surexposition generale aux RPS chez les individus de 35 a 44 ans, ceux ayant un diplome de niveau baccalaureat ou ceux exposes a des penibilites physiques, les profils d'exposition apparaissent nettement differencies selon le genre, la categorie professionnelle et le secteur d'activite. L'identification de ces surexpositions et de ces profils doit permettre de mieux cibler les politiques de prevention sur ces populations qui ne sont pas toujours celles que l'on considere comme les plus fragiles sur le marche du travail. On observe une augmentation generale de l'exposition aux RPS sur la periode 2006 2010. L'augmentation la plus frappante concerne le manque de reconnaissance. Nous analysons ces evolutions selon les caracteristiques economiques des secteurs d'activite, l'existence d'un plan de licenciement au niveau de l'entreprise et les mobilites professionnelles des individus. Aucun lien significatif n'est a noter entre l'evolution de l'exposition aux RPS et les differences sectorielles d'exposition a la crise. En revanche, nous mettons en evidence une association significative entre l'existence d'un plan de licenciement au niveau de l'entreprise et l'aggravation de l'exposition aux RPS. Enfin, connaitre une mobilite professionnelle est associe a une reduction significative de l'exposition aux RPS. Du fait du caractere pro cyclique des mobilites professionnelles externes, ce lien pourrait constituer un canal de transmission entre crise economique et exposition aux RPS.
The Problems Encountered by the Foreign Primary School Students from the Perspectives of Classroom Teachers (Bilecik Sampling)

Millions of people all over the world today leave or have to leave their countries and move to other countries as immigrants, refugees, asylums, etc. due to various reasons. According to a report by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) about 60 million people were forced to leave their homes and worldwide displacement due to wars, conflicts and persecutions is at the highest level. Turkey is one of the most important countries which has been following a policy of opening its doors to those who have had to leave their countries due to such problems as war, economic problems, political problems, etc. in their own countries. Today, there are millions of people from other countries in the country, which also means that there are thousands of foreign students in many primary schools in the country. However, this situation has brought many problems for the foreign students, Turkish students, teachers and school administrators. The aim of this study is to identify the general and educational problems encountered by the foreign primary school students from the perspectives of the classroom teachers in Bilecik. As the study aims at examining the problems in detail depending on the views of the teachers and to bring about recommendations within the scope of those views, phenomenological research design in quantitative approaches was adopted. The data of the study were gathered from 33 classroom teachers in four primary schools in the province with semi structured interviews. For the analysis of the data, content analysis was conducted. As a result of the interview with the classroom teachers, the findings were categorized under seven themes and sub themes related to the main ones. According to the findings of the study, the foreign students encounter language, cultural, economic, politic, social, physiological problems and the problems in teaching learning process.
Prodrug based nano drug delivery system for co encapsulate paclitaxel and carboplatin for lung cancer treatment
Venue: Drug delivery

Paclitaxel (PTX) and carboplatin (CBP) are widely used for the combined chemotherapy of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) However, the development of multidrug resistance of cancer cells, as well as systemic toxic side effects resulting from nonspecific localization of anticancer drugs to non tumor areas are major obstacles to the success of chemotherapy in treating cancers.  This study aimed to engineer a prodrug based nano drug delivery system for co encapsulate hydrophilic (CBP) and hydrophobic anti tumor drugs (PTX) This system was expected to resolve the multidrug resistance cause by single drug, and the dual drug loaded liposome was also planned to specifically target the cancer cells without obvious influence on normal cells and tissues.  In this paper, PLGA PEG CBP was synthesized by the conjugation between the carboxylic group of PLGA PEG COOH and the amino group of CBP. Then, self assembled nanoparticles for combination delivery of PTX and PLGA PEG CBP (PTX/CBP NPs) were prepared by solvent displacement technique. The in vitro and in vivo anti tumor efficacy was assessed in NCL H460 human non small cell lung carcinoma cell line.  PTX/CBP NPs achieved the highest cytotoxic effect among all formulations in vitro, as compared with single drug delivery NPs. In vivo investigation on NSCLC animal models showed that co delivery of PTX and CBP possessed high tumor targeting capacity and strong anti tumor activity.  The PTX/CBP NPs constructed in this research offers an effective strategy for targeted combinational lung cancer therapy.
Nanostructured lipid carriers as novel drug delivery system for lung cancer gene therapy
Venue: Pharmaceutical development and technology

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are potentially good colloidal drug carriers for gene delivery. They are advised to be the second lifetime of lipid nanocarriers.  The aim of this study is to develop novel modified NLC as nanomedicine for delivery of plasmid containing enhanced green fluorescence protein (pEGFP) This system could target the lung cancer cells through receptor mediated pathways to increase the nuclear uptake of genetic materials.  In the present study, pEGFP loaded NLC (NLC/pEGFP) were prepared. Transferrin (Tf) containing ligands were used for the surface coating of the vectors. In vitro transfection efficiency of the modified vectors was evaluated in human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line (A549 cells) and in vivo transfection efficiency of the modified vectors was evaluated on mice bearing A549 cells model.  Tf modified NLC/pEGFP (Tf NLC/pEGFP) has a particle size of 157 nm, and ~82% of gene loading quantity. Tf NLC/pEGFP displayed remarkably higher transfection efficiency than non modified NLC/pEGFP both in vitro and in vivo.  The results demonstrate that the novel NLC gene delivery system offers an effective strategy for lung cancer gene therapy.
Apolipoprotein L1 Genetic Variants Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease but Not with Cardiovascular Disease in a Population Referred for Cardiac Catheterization
Venue: Cardiorenal Medicine

While the association between APOL1 genetic variants and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been established, their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear. This study sought to understand CKD and cardiovascular risk conferred by APOL1 variants in a secondary cardiovascular prevention population.  Two risk variants in APOL1 were genotyped in African Americans (n 1,641) enrolled in the CATHGEN biorepository, comprised of patients referred for cardiac catheterization at Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, USA (2001 2010) Individuals were categorized as noncarriers (n 722) heterozygote (n 771) or homozygote carriers (n 231) of APOL1 risk alleles. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for CVD risk factors were used to assess the association between APOL1 risk variants and prevalent and incident CKD, prevalent coronary artery disease (CAD) incident CVD events, and mortality.  The previously identified association between APOL1 variants and prevalent CKD was confirmed (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.33 2.57, p 0.0002) No statistically significant associations were detected between APOL1 variants and incident CKD or prevalent CAD, incident CVD events or mortality. Age, type 2 diabetes, and ejection fraction at baseline were significant clinical factors that predicted the risk of incident CKD in a subgroup analysis of APOL1 homozygous individuals. APOL1 genetic variants are not associated with CAD or incident CVD events in a cohort of individuals with a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors. In individuals with homozygous APOL1 status, factors that predicted subsequent CKD included age, presence of type 2 diabetes, and ejection fraction at baseline.
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of energy band alignments of ZnO on buffer layer Lu2O3

was used as the buffer layer of the epitaxy of ZnO film on Si substrate by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the band alignment at ZnO/Lu2O3 interface. The conduction band offset (CBO) and valence band offset (VBO) of the ZnO/Lu2O3 heterojunction are calculated to be 1.77 eV and 0.66 eV, respectively, with a type I band alignment. And the ratio of CBO and VBO D E c D E v is estimated to be about 2.68. The large D E v and D E c reveal that Lu2O3 is an ideal barrier layer in Si based ZnO optoelectronic devices.
Bullying as the main driver of low performance in schools: Evidence from Botswana, Ghana, and South Africa

Worldwide, at least 20% of students are regularly bullied in school. Research from developed countries has associated bullying with several negative outcomes, but little is known about the relationship between bullying and academic achievement, especially in developing countries. Here, data from three African countries participating in the 2011 Trends in Mathematics and Sciences Study and Progress in Reading and Literacy Study were analyzed, including 36,602 participants aged 12 to 16. Results show that bullying is pervasive in all three countries, is one of the root causes of low academic performance, and is more influential than other variables commonly associated with low achievement. This indicates that school violence must become a priority for international development and country level efforts in education.
Simultaneous penalized M estimation of covariance matrices using geodesically convex optimization

A common assumption when sampling $p$ dimensional observations from $K$ distinct group is the equality of the covariance matrices. In this paper, we propose two penalized $M$ estimation approaches for the estimation of the covariance or scatter matrices under the broader assumption that they may simply be close to each other, and hence roughly deviate from some positive definite "center" The first approach begins by generating a pooled $M$ estimator of scatter based on all the data, followed by a penalised $M$ estimator of scatter for each group, with the penalty term chosen so that the individual scatter matrices are shrunk towards the pooled scatter matrix. In the second approach, we minimize the sum of the individual group $M$ estimation cost functions together with an additive joint penalty term which enforces some similarity between the individual scatter estimators, i.e. shrinkage towards a mutual center. In both approaches, we utilize the concept of geodesic convexity to prove the existence and uniqueness of the penalized solution under general conditions. We consider three specific penalty functions based on the Euclidean, the Riemannian, and the Kullback Leibler distances. In the second approach, the distance based penalties are shown to lead to estimators of the mutual center that are related to the arithmetic, the Riemannian and the harmonic means of positive definite matrices, respectively. A penalty based on an ellipticity measure is also considered which is particularly useful for shape matrix estimators. Fixed point equations are derived for each penalty function and the benefits of the estimators are illustrated in regularized discriminant analysis problem.
Reducing the Risk of Breast Cancer Recurrence: an Evaluation of the Effects and Mechanisms of Diet and Exercise
Venue: Current Breast Cancer Reports

With recent medical advances in diagnosis and treatment, the increasing numbers of long term survivors of breast cancer is considerable and has resulted in the expansion of scientific research to include examination of lifestyle modifications as means of prevention of recurrence, new breast cancer events, and mortality. The objective of this report is to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including diet and/or exercise interventions on breast cancer recurrence in women with a history of breast cancer as well as pertinent recent epidemiologic evidence. Implicated biologic mechanisms are discussed to elucidate the impact of diet and exercise on disease recurrence.
Genera Pleurothallidinarum: an updated phylogenetic overview of Pleurothallidinae

Subtribe Pleurothallidinae with just over 5000 species is possibly the most species rich of all orchids. It has been growing steadily for more than two centuries, but the last three decades have been especially active in terms of systematic and phylogenetic studies in the group. The growth in species numbers has been accompanied by the marked increase in generic and infrageneric concepts. Nevertheless, Pleurothallidinae are plagued with cases of convergent and divergent morphology, and phylogenetic relatedness is not always apparent. This opens the door to controversial changes in generic circumscriptions that are considered too inclusive by some and too exclusive by others. A grave consequence of these disagreements is the difficulty of assessing which and how many species actually belong to each genus. Here an attempt is made to place generic names among their close relatives as a first step to re evaluating the whole subtribe
FPGA Implementation of Brain Tumor Detection Using Lifting Based DWT Architectures

Now a days, almost all areas of medical diagnosis are impacted by the digital image processing. When an image is processed for visual interpretation, the human eye is the judge of how well a particular method works. Clinical application demanding Radiotherapy plan, for instance, often benefits from the complementary information in images of different modalities. For medical diagnosis, Computed Tomography (CT) provides the best information on denser tissue with less distortion. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) provides better information on soft tissue with more distortion. With more available multimodality medical images in clinical applications,his idea of combining images from different modalities become very important and medical image fusion has emerged as a new promising research. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the Second Generation Wavelet Transform and put forward an image fusion algorithm based on Wavelet Transform. We looked at the selection principles about low and high frequency coefficients according to different frequency domain after wavelet. Then the proposed fused image used to segment the optic disc from the optic region. And then we are implementing the algorithm based on the method of Compensation factor method which is to be usually segmenting the optic discs from the blood vessels. This segmentation process could be effective in the bio medical applications. In this paper, a hardware implementation of a real time fusion system is proposed. The system is based on an Xilinx Spartan 3 EDK FPGA and implements a configurable linear pixel level algorithm which is able to result in color fused images using System C language.
Discrete Event Optimization: Workstation and buffer allocation problem in manufacturing flow lines
Venue: 2016 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC)

Resource and buffer allocation problems are well known topics in manufacturing system research. A proper allocation of resource and space can significantly improve the system performance and reduce the investment cost. However, few works consider the joint problem because of its complexity. Recent research has shown that Discrete Event Optimization (DEO) framework, an integrated simulation optimization approach based on mathematical programming, can be used to optimize buffer allocation of production lines, such as open and closed flow lines and pull controlled manufacturing systems. This paper proposes mathematical programming models for solving the joint workstation and buffer allocation problem in manufacturing flow lines constrained to a given target throughput. The problem is formulated in two different ways: an exact model using mixed integer linear programming formulation and approximate models using linear programming formulation. Numerical analysis shows that efficiency and accuracy can be both achieved by using approximate formulations in a math heuristic procedure.
Information security management needs more holistic approach: A literature review
Venue: Int. J. Inf. Manag.

This paper is aimed at synthesizing the existing literature to suggest that why a more holistic approach of information security management is needed in management context.The paper entertains article on the related context for last ten years.A rigorous method for literature search is used with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria.At first more than 300 articles were downloaded for further processing and finally 39 articles were deemed to be relevant to the context under study.The paper suggests that management role should be considered in information security management. Information technology has dramatically increased online business opportunities; however these opportunities have also created serious risks in relation to information security. Previously, information security issues were studied in a technological context, but growing security needs have extended researchers' attention to explore the management role in information security management. Various studies have explored different management roles and activities, but none has given a comprehensive picture of these roles and activities to manage information security effectively. So it is necessary to accumulate knowledge about various managerial roles and activities from literature to enable managers to adopt these for a more holistic approach to information security management. In this paper, using a systematic literature review approach, we synthesised literature related to management's roles in information security to explore specific managerial activities to enhance information security management. We found that numerous activities of management, particularly development and execution of information security policy, awareness, compliance training, development of effective enterprise information architecture, IT infrastructure management, business and IT alignment and human resources management, had a significant impact on the quality of management of information security. Thus, this research makes a novel contribution by arguing that a more holistic approach to information security is needed and we suggest the ways in which managers can play an effective role in information security. This research also opens up many new avenues for further research in this area.