nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
School Disaster Resilience Assessment: An Assessment Tool

Past researches indicate that school disaster management needs to consider various aspects, and there is need for a comprehensive assessment tool. School Disaster Resilience Assessment (SDRA) is a tool to assess the resilience in a comprehensive way and to link it to decision making. This chapter highlights the application of SDRA to public schools in Kesennuma City with the following purposes: (1) to understand the resilience of school against disasters, (2) to identify the process of proposing activities for enhancing school disaster resilience based on the results of SDRA, and (3) to understand the tendencies of proposed activities. According to the results of SDRA, schools are expected to make sufficient relationship with parents and the community for enhancing school disaster resilience. Activities for enhancing disaster resilience of each school were proposed through consultation with teachers, the Board of Education in Kesennuma City, a university, and an NGO. Other schools, family, community, and community related organizations are included in the many proposed activities. SDRA can be used for capacity development of school teachers and government officers. In addition, SDRA can support PDCA (plan do check action) cycle with scientific quantitative data so that schools review and improve their own conditions.
The application of Poisson hidden Markov model to forecasting new cases of congenital hypothyroidism in Khuzestan province

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine diseases and is a major cause of preventable mental retardation. Early diagnosis of CH can help prevent future diseases. Although time series techniques are often utilized to forecast future status, they are inadequate to deal with count data with overdispersion. The aim of this study was to apply Poisson hidden Markov model to forecast new monthly cases of CH disease.  This study was based on the monthly frequency of new CH cases in Khuzestan province of Iran, from 2008 to 2014. We applied stationary Poisson hidden Markov with different states to determine the number of states for the model. According to the model, with the specified state, new CH cases were forecast for the next 24 months.  The Poisson hidden Markov with two states based on Akaike information criterion was chosen for the data. The results of forecasting showed that the new CH cases for the next 2 years comforted in state two with the frequency of new cases at 6 18. The forecast mode and median for all months were 12 and 13, respectively. Each state is explained by each component of dependent mixture model.  Our estimates indicated that state of frequency of CH case is invariant during the forecast time. Forecast means for the next 2 years were from 13 to 14 new CH cases. Furthermore, forecasting intervals were observed between 7 and 25 new cases. These estimates are valid when the general fertility rate and crude birth rate were been fixed.
Community Structure and Activity Analysis of the Nitrifiers in Raw Sewage of Wastewater Treatment Plants

The communities and activity of nitrifiers collected from the raw sewage of the 2nd and 3rd wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Xi'an were investigated. FISH results indicated that the (AOB+NOB)/EUB percentages were (5.35+ 2.1) and(6.0+ 2.8) in the 2nd and 3rd WWTP, respectively. The dominant AOB was Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage and the dominant NOB was Nitrospira, the sub dominant NOB was Nitrobacter, and coexisted with Nitrococcus, Nitrospina. Respirometric assays showed that the influent nitrifiers were active following a 2 16 hour period of metabolic induction. The ammonium utilized rate was (0.32+ 0.12) mg*(L*h) 1 and (0.43+ 0.17) mg*(L*h) 1, nitrite utilized rate was (0.71+ 0.18) mg*(L*h) 1 and (0.58+ 0.27) mg*(L*h) 1 for nitrifers in raw sewage fed to the 2nd and 3rd WWTP, respectively. Therefore, nitrifiers were present and active in the raw sewage, and played the role of natural continuous seeding in the activated sludge system. Based on the nitrification activity, the estimated continuous seeding intensity of AOB and NOB was 0.08 0.09 g*(g*d) 1 and 0.11 0.24 g*(g*d) 1, respectively.
[Community Structure and Activity Analysis of the Nitrifiers in Raw Sewage of Wastewater Treatment Plants]
Venue: Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue

The communities and activity of nitrifiers collected from the raw sewage of the 2nd and 3rd wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Xi'an were investigated. FISH results indicated that the (AOB+NOB)/EUB percentages were (5.35+ 2.1) and(6.0+ 2.8) in the 2nd and 3rd WWTP, respectively. The dominant AOB was Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage and the dominant NOB was Nitrospira, the sub dominant NOB was Nitrobacter, and coexisted with Nitrococcus, Nitrospina. Respirometric assays showed that the influent nitrifiers were active following a 2 16 hour period of metabolic induction. The ammonium utilized rate was (0.32+ 0.12) mg*(L*h) 1 and (0.43+ 0.17) mg*(L*h) 1, nitrite utilized rate was (0.71+ 0.18) mg*(L*h) 1 and (0.58+ 0.27) mg*(L*h) 1 for nitrifers in raw sewage fed to the 2nd and 3rd WWTP, respectively. Therefore, nitrifiers were present and active in the raw sewage, and played the role of natural continuous seeding in the activated sludge system. Based on the nitrification activity, the estimated continuous seeding intensity of AOB and NOB was 0.08 0.09 g*(g*d) 1 and 0.11 0.24 g*(g*d) 1, respectively.
Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Short Version of the Team Climate Inventory (TCI)

To examine the psychometric properties of the short version of the Team Climate Inventory (TCI) in a Norwegian sample.  A multi level confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) was conducted using Mplus. The sample N 1380) comprised employees working in the private n 657) and in the public sector n 723) in Norway. A multi group comparison was conducted to examine if the structure of the TCI fits across groups.  The fit indices with the original four factor structure on the within and between level revealed acceptable results for the total sample (TLI .91, CFI .93, and RMSEA .042) The multi group analysis did result in significant change to model fit when the factor loadings and intercepts on the between level were fixed across groups, kh 2 (25) 182.58. The individual and group level reliability estimates for the total scale of the TCI were satisfying, but not acceptable for two (Participative safety and Support for innovation) of the four scales.  The results of the MCFA indicated that the short version of the TCI may be used for assessing team climate for organizations and for research purposes, but some caution should be taken when interpreting results from two sub scales with marginal reliability.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma discharged in Water and its Potential Use in Cancer Therapy

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been emerged as a novel technology for cancer treatment. CAP can directly treat cells and tissue but such direct application is limited to skin or can be invoked as a supplement during open surgery. In this study we report indirect plasma treatment using CAP discharged in DI water using three gases as carriers (argon, helium and nitrogen) Plasma stimulated water was applied to human breast cancer cell line (MDA MB 231) MTT assay tests showed that using argon plasma had the strongest effect on inducing apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer cells. This result is attributed to the elevated production of the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in water in the case of argon plasma.
Attenuation of Na/K ATPase Mediated Oxidant Amplification with pNaKtide Ameliorates Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
Venue: Scientific reports

We have previously reported that the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K ATPase) can effect the amplification of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we examined whether attenuation of oxidant stress by antagonism of Na/K ATPase oxidant amplification might ameliorate experimental uremic cardiomyopathy induced by partial nephrectomy (PNx) PNx induced the development of cardiac morphological and biochemical changes consistent with human uremic cardiomyopathy. Both inhibition of Na/K ATPase oxidant amplification with pNaKtide and induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO 1) with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) markedly attenuated the development of phenotypical features of uremic cardiomyopathy. In a reversal study, administration of pNaKtide after the induction of uremic cardiomyopathy reversed many of the phenotypical features. Attenuation of Na/K ATPase oxidant amplification may be a potential strategy for clinical therapy of this disorder.
Grand Challenge Carbon feedbacks in the climate system

The land and ocean biogeochemical cycles are key components of the Earth's climate system. The surface fluxes of many greenhouse gases and aerosol precursors are controlled by biogeochemical and physical processes and are sensitive to changes in climate and atmospheric composition. Most importantly, biogeochemical processes control atmospheric concentrations of the main greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) Plants, soils and permafrost on the land together contain at least five times as much carbon as the atmosphere, and the global ocean contains at least fifty times more carbon than the atmosphere. Based on the 2015 Global Carbon Budget estimates, since 1870, CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion have released about 400+ 20 GtC (Gigatonnes carbon) to the atmosphere, while land use change is estimated to have released an additional 145+ 50 GtC. Of these cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions, 230+ 5 GtC have accumulated in the atmosphere, while the ocean and land ecosystems have taken up 155+ 20 GtC and 160+ 60 GtC, respectively. Land and oceans are hence absorbing around half of the carbon emitted from human activity, significantly mitigating the build up of CO2 in the atmosphere and climate change. In the absence of these carbon sinks, current atmospheric CO2 would already be about twice the pre industrial CO2 concentration with an associated global warming likely above 2degC. However, substantial uncertainty remains about the magnitude of these carbon sinks, how they currently operate, and whether they will continue to be as effective as climate changes. When climate models first included climatecarbon cycle feedbacks, they indicated the potential for these carbon sinks to be significantly weakened under global warming, accelerating atmospheric CO2 increases and hence global
The lessons learned from shifting from global change research programmes to transdisciplinary sustainability science

The interdisciplinary international global change research programmes were very successful in creating understanding of climate change, biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity decline, and the food water energy nexus. They are now merged into a new transdisciplinary international research platform 'Future Earth Research for Global Sustainability' This paper describes the transition process from the disciplinary and interdisciplinary global change programmes to the transdisciplinary 'Future Earth' research platform, and shows that this process could have been more proficient if in an early stage directions and motivations were better harmonized among the leadership of individual programmes, sponsors and funders. Also the transition team of Future Earth initially strongly focussed on a highly aggregated research agenda addressing several 'Grand Challenges' and consequently ignored the rich academic legacy of the various ongoing programmes and all of its involved disciplines and scholars. Future Earth, however, realized innovative research approaches and governance structures. Although Future Earth is now established, it still must implement better involvement of relevant research communities, develop superior education and outreach, and mainstream sustainability research in developed and developing countries.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS KOMBINASI EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG DAN KULIT BUAH MANGGIS Garcinia mangostana L. SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Shigella dysentriae

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak kulit batang dan kulit buah manggis Gracinia mangostana L. sebagai antibakteri Shigella dysenteriae dari bulan Maret sampai Mei 2011, untuk mengetahui konsentrasi efektif dari ekstrak kulit batang dan kulit buah manggis dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae Penelitian uji antibakteri ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby Bauer Konsentrasi perlakuan yang diperoleh dari uji awal MIC digunakan untuk uji efektivitas kombinasi dari ekstrak kulit buah dan ekstrak kulit batang masing masing 5,5% 6,25% 7% 7,75% 8,5% dan 4,5% 5,25% 6% 6,75% 7,5% Sebagai pembanding digunakan antibiotik kloramfenikol 50mg/ml. Dari hasil analisis keragaman dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap berfaktor diperoleh bahwa pada setiap faktor konsentrasi perlakuan menunjukkan berbeda tidak nyata. Uji antibakteri dengan diameter zona bening yang paling efektif terdapat pada perlakuan kombinasi konsentrasi esktrak kulit buah dan kulit batang manggis A2B1 6,25% dan 4,5% yaitu 5,66 mm dengan kategori daya hambat sedang (5 10 mm) Hasil zona bening baku pembanding kloramfenikol sebagai antibakteri Shigella dysenteriae yaitu 5,55 mm. A research on combined the effectiveness Test of combination of tree bark and rind extract of Mangosteen Gracinia mangostana L. as antibacteria on Shigella dysenteriae to know the effective concentration of tree bark and rind extract of Mangosteen in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae had been conducted from March to May 2011. Research method used is disk diffusion Kirby bauer The obtained concentration in preliminary test MIC which were used to exam combined effectiveness test of each tree bark and rind extract of mangosteen were 5,5 6,25 7 7,75 8,5 and 4,5 5,25 6 6,75 7,5 Antibiotic Chloramphenicol 50 ug/ml was used as standard of comparison. Based on Diversity analysis by using factorial completely randomized design method acquired that each test concentration factor indicated not significantly different result. The most effective clear zone diameter of antibacterial test found in combination of 6,25% and 4,5% of tree bark and rind extract (A2B1) that was 5,66 mm as medium inhibition in category (5 10 mm) While the result of Chloramphenicol comparison clear zone as antibacterial was 5,55 mm.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Shigella dysenteriae SECARA IN VITRO

Salah satu penyakit saluran pencernaan adalah disentri yang ditandai dengan buang air besar encer disertai lendir dan darah lebih dari 3 kali per hari. Disentri disebabkan oleh bakteri Shigella dysenteriae, penyakit ini dapat diobati dengan tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri, salah satunya adalah pare. Bagian tanaman yang digunakan adalah buahnya. Buah pare Momordica charantia L) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berkhasit sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah pare Momordica charantia L) terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae Aktivitas antibakteri diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 10% 25% dan 50% Zona bening yang terbentuk di sekitar kertas cakram menunjukkan adanya zona hambat. Hasil penelitian ekstrak etanol buah pare menunjukkan pada konsentrasi 10% 25% dan 50% ada aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dengan diameter rata rata zona hambat 8,3 mm, 9,3 mm dan 11,7 mm. Semakin besar konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah pare semakin besar juga diameter zona hambat yang di hasilkan.
Accidents involving pedestrians with their backs to traffic or facing traffic: an evaluation of crash characteristics and injuries

This paper examines pedestrian anatomical injuries and crash characteristics in back to traffic and facing traffic crashes. Pedestrian crashes involving pedestrians walking along streets (i.e. with their backs to traffic or facing traffic) have been overlooked in literature. Although this is not the most frequent type of crash, the crash consequence to pedestrians is a safety concern. Combining Taiwan A1A2 police reported accident data and data from the National Health Insurance Database from years 2003 2013, this paper examines anatomical injuries and crash characteristics in back to traffic and facing traffic crashes. There were a total of 830 and 2267 pedestrian casualties in back to traffic and facing traffic crashes respectively. The injuries sustained by pedestrians and crash characteristics of these two crash types were compared with those of other crossing types of crashes (nearside crash, nearside dart out crash, offside crash, and offside dart out crash) Odds of various injuries to body regions were estimated using logistic regressions. Key findings include that the percentage of fatalities in back to traffic crashes is the highest; logistic models reveal that pedestrians in back to traffic crashes sustained more head, neck, and spinal injuries than did pedestrians in other crash types, and unlit darkness and non built up roadways were associated with an increased risk of pedestrian head injuries. Several crash features (e.g. unlit darkness, overtaking manoeuvres, phone use by pedestrians and drivers, and intoxicated drivers) are more frequently evident in back to traffic crashes than in other types of crashes. The current research suggests that in terms of crash consequence, facing traffic is safer than back to traffic.
Deviant Cloud Usage in Public Institutions a Matter of Personal Innovativeness?
Venue: ECIS

The emergence of cloud services offered many benefits for less tech savvy individuals, because it offers easy accessible computing or storage solutions for every customer. The adoption among individuals surpassed the adoption by organizations like businesses or public institutions due the tremendous benefits of cloud services for customers. Due the lacking adoption by public institutions, we see an increasing deviant use of such services in environments, where the IS policy actually prohibits a use of not approved third party service. Current research has only a basic understanding on what drives the deviant cloud usage within organizations and the apparent influence of personality traits on the usage of Shadow IT has not been evaluated, yet. It is expectable that individuals with an affinity towards IT innovations use information systems before they are approved by organizational IS security policies and not users reluctant towards technology. A granular knowledge of different types of deviant users is helpful in order to develop strategies to address specific mechanisms of justifying violations of IS policies by using not approved cloud services. Our preliminary findings among public officials show that users with a high personal innovativeness are less likely to behave in compliance to the IS security policy.
Research on Dispersion Compensation of 40 GB/s Optical Duo Binary Coded Transmission System

A 40 Gb/s high speed optical transmission system is designed, and the different dispersion compensation schemes are adopted to realize the transmission of the optical duo binary (ODB) signals over 120 km optical fiber. Optical duo binary signals are generated by using a precoder, two low pass filters (LPF) and one mach zehnder modulator (MZM) Through combination of dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and single mode fiber (SMF) in the transmission link, four different dispersion compensation schemes (pre compensation, post compensation and hybrid compensation (pre+ post) and hybrid compensation (post+ pre) were compared. Analyzing Q factor, BER, eye diagrams and receiver sensitivity in several dispersion compensation schemes, the simulation results are: the cut off frequency of LPF affects the transmission performance, and the hybrid compensation (post+ pre) scheme is the optimal dispersion compensation method.
Classification of epileptic EEG signals based on simple random sampling and sequential feature selection
Venue: Brain Informatics

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are used broadly in the medical fields. The main applications of EEG signals are the diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer, sleep problems and so on. This paper presents a new method which extracts and selects features from multi channel EEG signals. This research focuses on three main points. Firstly, simple random sampling (SRS) technique is used to extract features from the time domain of EEG signals. Secondly, the sequential feature selection (SFS) algorithm is applied to select the key features and to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Finally, the selected features are forwarded to a least square support vector machine (LS_SVM) classifier to classify the EEG signals. The LS_SVM classifier classified the features which are extracted and selected from the SRS and the SFS. The experimental results show that the method achieves 99.90, 99.80 and 100 for classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
Simple random sampling of individual items in the absence of a sampling frame that lists the individuals
Venue: New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science

BackgroundA 'sampling frame' identifies the sampling units in a population and their locations. It may consist of a listing of sampling units, or it may be based on a map of the population area within which sampling units can be observed. For inventory of large forests or other populations, it is common for no list of individual plants to exist, but it is common to have available a map of the area. When such a map is the only available sampling frame, methods are well established for drawing a simple random sample of fixed area plots. Less well known methods are available if the sample is to consist of individual population members rather than groups of them in plots. Through simulation studies, the efficacies of two methods devised by Dr. K. Iles are considered for drawing a simple random sample of individuals given a map of the population area.FindingsIt is shown that simple random samples of individuals can be drawn satisfactorily using such a map. Further, the estimates obtained from the population mean of individuals, and its precision, are the same as those obtained when a sampling frame consisting of a list of individuals is available. Estimates of the population total can be obtained also, but their precision will be lower than those obtained when a list is available.ConclusionsThe absence of a list of individuals in a population does not preclude simple random sampling of individuals as long as a map of the population area is available. However, a preliminary survey of the population must then be made before sampling starts, and it may be necessary to visit many more sampling units to obtain the required sample than is the case when a list is available. The more complex the spatial arrangement of individuals within the population, the greater will be the number of sampling units that must be visited.
A New Exponential Type Estimator for the Population Mean in Simple Random Sampling

This paper provides a new exponential type estimator in simple random sampling for population mean. It is shown that proposed exponential type estimator is always more efficient than estimators considered by Bahl and Tuteja (1991) and Singh, Chauhan, Sawan, and Smarandache (2009) From numerical examples it is also observed that proposed modified ratio estimator performs better than existing estimators.