nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Storage of fresh cut swede and turnip in modified atmosphere: effects on vitamin C, sugars, glucosinolates and sensory attributes

Fresh cut swede Brassica napus L. var napobrassica (L Rchb. and turnip Brassica rapa L ssp. rapifera Metzg. in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) were stored for 5 or 10 d, at 5 degC or 10 degC. Two passive and one active (flushed with 5% O 2 at sealing) modified atmospheres were tested. Vitamin C content was not influenced by the experimental parameters. The content of total sugar decreased during storage for both vegetables, and significant effects of time, temperature and atmosphere were observed for glucose, fructose and sucrose. Total aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates increased in swede during storage, while for turnip total aliphatic glucosinolates decreased and total indolic glucosinolates increased. Atmosphere composition affected glucosinolates, and the response varied between individual glucosinolates. Taste and flavour were more influenced by time and temperature, than by atmosphere in both vegetables. However, modified atmosphere with low O 2 concentration reduced discolouration related changes, especially for turnip. Positive correlation was observed between sugar content and sweet taste for both vegetables. Sweet and bitter tastes were negatively correlated for swede. Low temperature and short storage time were the most important criteria to prevent changes of appearance, odours, taste and flavours, and contents of sugar and glucosinolates of fresh cut swede and turnip.
AN OVERVIEW OF VITAMIN C AS AN ANTISTRESS IN POULTRY

S. Stress is commonly used to describe the detrimental effects of a variety of conditions surrounding animals on their health performance. Environmental stress causes an increase in oxidative stress and an imbalance in antioxidant status. Oxidative damage increases in stressed poultry when the plasma antioxidant vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, E, folic acid, and zinc levels declined. Stress factors in birds involve many elements of the transport processes which may be detrimental to the birds. These factors include alteration in atmospheric temperature, poor handling by man, removal of feed and water (starvation) high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) Other factors incude vaccination, disease conditions such as coccidiosis, novelty, confinement, motion, noise, microthermal core within the vehicle and the use of inappropriate vehicles. Live birds of all ages are being transported mainly by roads to their various destinations and across different ecological zones throughout the year. Mortality increases with journey length. The adverse effects of these factors and their combinations may range from mild discomfort and aversion to death. This review was aimed at providing comprehensive information on the role of vitamin C in combating stress factors in poultry with the view of exploring its potentials for future research undertaking. Information compiled in this review were obtained from search engines such as Elsevier, Pubmed, Springer, Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and a library search for articles published in peerreviewed journals. 100 to 200 mg/kg feed of vitamin C is capable of converting stress factors in poultry and thereby improving
The mitochondrial genome of Tenthredo tienmushana (Takeuchi) and a related phylogenetic analysis of the sawflies (Insecta: Hymenoptera)
Venue: Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis

The mitochondrial genome sequence of Tenthredo tienmushana (Takeuchi, 1940) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (GenBank accession KR703581) was reported. The length of the sequenced region of this mitochondrial genome is 14,943 bp, with 13 protein coding, two rRNA, 19 tRNA (the trnI, trnQ, and trnM were failed to sequence) genes and a partial A T rich region. As in most other sequenced mitochondrial genomes of the suborder "Symphyta" there is no gene rearrangement in the sequenced region compared with the pupative ancestral gene arrangement of insects. All protein coding genes start with ATN codons. Eleven, one, and one protein coding genes stop with termination codon TAA, TA, and T, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method based on all codon positions of the 13 protein coding genes supports the monophyly of Tenthredinoidea. Two families of the Tenthredinoidea, i.e. Tenthredinidae and Pergidae, form the basal lineage of the Hymenoptera. Within the Tenthredinidae, the subfamily Tenthrediniinae and Allantinae form a sister lineage and then sister to the Nematinae. The Orussidae was recovered to be a sister group to the Apocrita, which contains Ichneumonidae and Vespidae in our analysis. The Cephoidea is sister to the lineage of Orussoidea Apocrita.
Japanization and the Chinese "Madman" Triangulating Takeuchi Yoshimi's philosophy of translation

The special nature of Sino Japanese translation, with a history as long as that of vernacular translations of Greek and Latin, is worth exploring because it can throw new light on Eurocentric and universalist approaches to translation theorizing. The tradition of translating between China and Japan, disrupted and then reinvigorated by the "invasion of Europe" in the nineteenth century, is the subject of ruminations by Takeuchi Yoshimi (1910 77) a prominent twentieth century Sinologist. Takeuchi triangulates the relationship between Japan, China and the West in a way that forces a deeper reconsideration of the notion of the "translational" The West (the Other) is a means through which identity can be constructed by Japan (the Self) but given Japan's long history of being shaped by/shaping the China imaginary, China is also Japan's Other. Takeuchi's prime interest is in Japan projecting its own identity onto China (via Lu Xun) In the present article, Takeuchi's two translations of Lu Xun's "The Diary of a Madman" in 1956 and 1976 are compared with those by Inoue (1932) Oda and Tanaka (1953) and Komada (1974) to understand how Takeuchi's advocacy of a realignment with China (and Asia) constitutes an attempt to reconstrue a Japanese identity that would refute the West's monistic view of civilization.
Searching by Talking: Analysis of Voice Queries on Mobile Web Search
Venue: SIGIR

The growing popularity of mobile search and the advancement in voice recognition technologies have opened the door for web search users to speak their queries, rather than type them. While this kind of voice search is still in its infancy, it is gradually becoming more widespread. In this paper, we examine the logs of a commercial search engine's mobile interface, and compare the spoken queries to the typed in queries. We place special emphasis on the semantic and syntactic characteristics of the two types of queries. %Our analysis suggests that voice queries focus more on audio visual content and question answering, and less on social networking and adult domains. We also conduct an empirical evaluation showing that the language of voice queries is closer to natural language than typed queries. Our analysis reveals further differences between voice and text search, which have implications for the design of future voice enabled search tools.
Density functional theory (DFT) studies of CO oxidation reaction on M13 and Au18M clusters (M Au, Ag, Cu, Pt and Pd) the role of co adsorbed CO molecule

Using the icosahedra M13 (M Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd) and hetero atom doped Au18M (M Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd) clusters as model systems, we have systematically investigated the role of the co adsorbed CO molecule played in the CO oxidation reaction on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results indicate that the co adsorbed CO molecule at a triangular active site can induce the dissociation of the OCOO* intermediate via a tri molecular reaction route. This mechanism is also validated on other larger single doped gold alloy clusters such as AunAg and AunCu (n 32 34, 54) The underlying reason for promoting the oxidation effect of a co adsorbed CO molecule is unraveled. It is found that the relatively weaker d p* back bonding of CO on group 11 elements like Au, Ag and Cu may increase its electrophilic activity, which can facilitate the dissociation of nearby OCOO* intermediates. For the CO molecule that is bounded to the Pd and Pt atoms, it can also induce the dissociation of OCOO* intermediate, but shows weaker electrophilic activity. By explicitly considering the elementary reaction steps in a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulation, we have shown that the tri molecular reaction route is an alternative reaction channel of CO oxidation, which is competitive to the conventional bi molecular route on a doped Au18M cluster.
Bimetallic Pt/Pd encapsulated mesoporous hollow CeO2 nanospheres for signal amplification toward electrochemical peptide based biosensing for matrix metalloproteinase 2

A facile electrochemical biosensor for matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) was developed based on the target induced cleavage of a special designed peptide by using bimetallic Pt and Pd nanoparticles encapsulated mesoporous hollow ceria nanospheres (Pt/Pd/mhCeO 2 NS) as nanocarriers and electrocatalysts. Briefly, employing l lysine as bridge and linker, Pt/Pd/mhCeO 2 NS simply synthesized was used as a loading platform to immobilize electroactive thionine (Thi) and streptavidin (SA) resulting in the final formation of SA/Thi/Pt/Pd/mhCeO 2 NS nanoprobes. A specific biotin labeled peptide (biotin GPLGVRGKGGC, P1) acted as a molecular recognition element was firstly anchored on the Au nanoparticles modified electrode surface. In the presence of MMP 2, the P1 was specifically cleaved into two fragments at a certain site between G and V, while SA/Thi/Pt/Pd/mhCeO 2 NS nanoprobes were bonded onto the resulting electrode surface through the inherent interaction between streptavidin and biotin derived from uncleaved P1. In the proposed protocol, the electrochemical signal amplification was achieved by the effectively catalysis of Pt/Pd/mhCeO 2 NS to the decomposition of H 2 O 2 This could result in the significant enhancement of the electrochemical response for determining MMP 2 in the range of 0.1 pg mL 1 10 ng mL 1 with a detection limit of 0.078 pg mL 1 The present work demonstrated that the combination of the direct transduction of peptide cleavage events with the efficient Pt/Pd/mhCeO 2 NS catalysis method, providing a promising effective strategy for MMP 2 detection.
3D Action Recognition from Novel Viewpoints
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

We propose a human pose representation model that transfers human poses acquired from different unknown views to a view invariant high level space. The model is a deep convolutional neural network and requires a large corpus of multiview training data which is very expensive to acquire. Therefore, we propose a method to generate this data by fitting synthetic 3D human models to real motion capture data and rendering the human poses from numerous viewpoints. While learning the CNN model, we do not use action labels but only the pose labels after clustering all training poses into k clusters. The proposed model is able to generalize to real depth images of unseen poses without the need for re training or fine tuning. Real depth videos are passed through the model frame wise to extract view invariant features. For spatio temporal representation, we propose group sparse Fourier Temporal Pyramid which robustly encodes the action specific most discriminative output features of the proposed human pose model. Experiments on two multiview and three single view benchmark datasets show that the proposed method dramatically outperforms existing state of the art in action recognition.
Improving metacognition in the classroom through instruction, training, and feedback

Accurately judging one's performance in the classroom can be challenging considering most students tend to be overconfident and overestimate their actual performance. The current work draws upon the metacognition and decision making literatures to examine improving metacognition in the classroom. Using historical data from several semesters of an upper level undergraduate course (N 127) we analyzed students' judgments of their performance and their actual performance for two exams. Students were instructed on the concepts of overconfidence, received feedback on exams, and were given incentives for accurate calibration. We found results consistent with the "unskilled and unaware" effect Kruger Dunning (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6) 1121 1134, 1999) where lower performing students initially displayed overconfidence and the highest performing students initially displayed underconfidence. Importantly, students were able to change both judgments and performance such that metacognitive accuracy improved significantly from the first to the second exam. In a second study, two additional semesters for the same course used in Study 1 were examined (N 90) For one of the semesters feedback was not provided, allowing us to determine whether feedback can improve both metacognitive judgments and performance. Our findings revealed significant improvements in performance paired with decreases in overconfidence on Exam 2, but only for students who received feedback about their performance and judgments. We postulate that feedback may be an important component in improvement metacognitive judgments.
Sliced polar codes
Venue: 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)

A variation on channel polarization coding is presented. In standard channel polarization coding the code length is an integral power of two. Our scheme allows modifying the code at the graph definition level to an arbitrary blocklength. Working at the graph definition level of the code enables the utilization of the newly produced codes for every decoding scheme that utilize the graph definition of the code with a substantial saving in operations and storage resources of the decoder at hand. This saving is of major potential for solid state storage where information length of interest is commonly integral power of two and high coding rate is usually considered. About 45% hardware resources are estimated to be saved in various decoder architectures at hand.
Treatment of high blood pressure in elderly and octogenarians: European Society of Hypertension statement on blood pressure targets
Venue: Blood pressure

The European Society of Hypertension recommend the following main rules for treatment of hypertension in elderly and octogenarians: 1) In elderly hypertensives with SBP 160 mmHg there is solid evidence to recommend reducing SBP to between 140 mmHg and 150 mmHg. 2) In fit elderly patients less than 80 years old treatment may be considered at SBP 140 mmHg with a target SBP 140 mmHg if treatment is well tolerated. 3) In fit individuals older than 80 years with an initial SBP 160 mmHg it is recommended to reduce SBP to between 150 mmHg and 140 mmHg. 4) In frail elderly patients, it is recommended to base treatment decisions on comorbidity and carefully monitor the effects of treatment. 5) Continuation of well tolerated antihypertensive treatment should be considered when a treated individual becomes octogenarian. 6) All hypertensive agents are recommended and can be used in the elderly, although diuretics and calcium antagonists may be preferred in isolated systolic hypertension.
Intervention program impacting Indian sex workers facing socio economic disparities

Since the first case of AIDS was reported in 1986, several HIV/AIDS intervention program operates at the national and regional level in India, to control the spread of this epidemic. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate one intervention program in a major city of India Kolkata that targets specifically the commercial sex workers challenged with socio economic health disparities. This intervention program called the Durbar Mahila Samanwaya Committee (DMSC) is located in the Sonagachi area and nicknamed as the "Sonagachi Project."  The behavioral change of about 500 sex workers participating in the survey was studied in 2005. The data were collected from the focus groups of the sex workers; official records and DMSC officials were also interviewed to collect data. The "short term" outcome and the "long term" impact of the program were compared with a baseline survey conducted in 1992 by another study.  Participants experienced increased awareness of the disease, increased literacy rate and increased social and economical empowerment. The incidence of HIV/AIDS has gone down significantly among this high risk group due to safe sex practice.  This community based organization adopts a unique method of engaging the sex workers as peer educators to train other sex workers about safe sex practices and has become the role model for sex workers in other parts of the world to fight socio economic health disparities.  This research was conducted by directly contacting the program directors and members of the Sonagachi project and in that sense is first hand information. It gives valuable insights into the struggles these sex workers had to go through to gain social and economic empowerment.
Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Intermediate Risk Patients.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine

Previous trials have shown that among high risk patients with aortic stenosis, survival rates are similar with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement. We evaluated the two procedures in a randomized trial involving intermediate risk patients.  We randomly assigned 2032 intermediate risk patients with severe aortic stenosis, at 57 centers, to undergo either TAVR or surgical replacement. The primary end point was death from any cause or disabling stroke at 2 years. The primary hypothesis was that TAVR would not be inferior to surgical replacement. Before randomization, patients were entered into one of two cohorts on the basis of clinical and imaging findings; 76.3% of the patients were included in the transfemoral access cohort and 23.7% in the transthoracic access cohort.  The rate of death from any cause or disabling stroke was similar in the TAVR group and the surgery group (P=0.001 for noninferiority) At 2 years, the Kaplan Meier event rates were 19.3% in the TAVR group and 21.1% in the surgery group (hazard ratio in the TAVR group, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73 to 1.09; P=0.25) In the transfemoral access cohort, TAVR resulted in a lower rate of death or disabling stroke than surgery (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.00; P=0.05) whereas in the transthoracic access cohort, outcomes were similar in the two groups. TAVR resulted in larger aortic valve areas than did surgery and also resulted in lower rates of acute kidney injury, severe bleeding, and new onset atrial fibrillation; surgery resulted in fewer major vascular complications and less paravalvular aortic regurgitation.  In intermediate risk patients, TAVR was similar to surgical aortic valve replacement with respect to the primary end point of death or disabling stroke.
Re conceptualizing centrality in social networks+
Venue: European Journal of Applied Mathematics

In the social sciences, networks are used to represent relationships between social actors, be they individuals or aggregates. The structural importance of these actors is assessed in terms of centrality indices which are commonly defined as graph invariants. Many such indices have been proposed, but there is no unifying theory of centrality. Previous attempts at axiomatic characterization have been focused on particular indices, and the conceptual frameworks that have been proposed alternatively do not lend themselves to mathematical treatment. We show that standard centrality indices, although seemingly distinct, can in fact be expressed in a common framework based on path algebras. Since, as a consequence, all of these indices preserve the neighbourhood inclusion pre order, the latter provides a conceptually clear criterion for the definition of centrality indices.
Global change and terrestrial plant community dynamics
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Global terrestrial vegetation plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycles and provides important ecosystem services. Vegetation has been altered by anthropogenic global change drivers including land use change, altered disturbance regimes, invasive species, and climate change, for decades to centuries, or in some cases millennia. Vegetation responses to land use and disturbance can be more immediate than to climate change and can be long lasting. The effect of global warming on water balance may have a stronger influence than the direct effects of temperature on vegetation. Models deployed at multiple ecological scales, populations, communities, and landscapes will be required to forecast vegetation responses and feedbacks to accelerated global change. Anthropogenic drivers of global change include rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses and resulting changes in the climate, as well as nitrogen deposition, biotic invasions, altered disturbance regimes, and land use change. Predicting the effects of global change on terrestrial plant communities is crucial because of the ecosystem services vegetation provides, from climate regulation to forest products. In this paper, we present a framework for detecting vegetation changes and attributing them to global change drivers that incorporates multiple lines of evidence from spatially extensive monitoring networks, distributed experiments, remotely sensed data, and historical records. Based on a literature review, we summarize observed changes and then describe modeling tools that can forecast the impacts of multiple drivers on plant communities in an era of rapid change. Observed responses to changes in temperature, water, nutrients, land use, and disturbance show strong sensitivity of ecosystem productivity and plant population dynamics to water balance and long lasting effects of disturbance on plant community dynamics. Persistent effects of land use change and human altered fire regimes on vegetation can overshadow or interact with climate change impacts. Models forecasting plant community responses to global change incorporate shifting ecological niches, population dynamics, species interactions, spatially explicit disturbance, ecosystem processes, and plant functional responses. Monitoring, experiments, and models evaluating multiple change drivers are needed to detect and predict vegetation changes in response to 21st century global change.
Sentiment Classification of Spanish Reviews: An Approach based on Feature Selection and Machine Learning Methods
Venue: J. Univers. Comput. Sci.

Sentiment analysis aims to extract users' opinions from review documents. Nowadays, there are two main approaches for sentiment analysis: the semantic orientation and the machine learning. Sentiment analysis approaches based on Machine Learning (ML) methods work over a set of features extracted from the users' opinions. However, the high dimensionality of the feature vector reduces the effectiveness of this approach. In this sense, we propose a sentiment classification method based on feature selection mechanisms and ML methods. The present method uses a hybrid feature extraction method based on POS pattern and dependency parsing. The features obtained are enriched semantically through commonsense knowledge bases. Then, a feature selection method is applied to eliminate the noisy and irrelevant features. Finally, a set of classifiers is trained in order to classify unknown data. To prove the effectiveness of our approach, we have conducted an evaluation in the movies and technological products domains. Also, our proposal was compared with well known methods and algorithms used on the sentiment classification field. Our proposal obtained encouraging results based on the F measure metric, ranging from 0.786 to 0.898 for the aforementioned domains.