nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Error Analysis of the Finite Element Method Calculations Depending on the Operating Range
Venue: ICONS 2016

Paper presents an analysis of the FEM modeling error in the function of the simulation range. Test was conducted on the open source Finite Element Method software, which utilizes Whitney edge elements for solving Maxwell's equations. Simulations focused on the magnetic flux distribution around the Helmholtz coils setup. Due to the utilization of analytically solvable example, comparison of simulation results with reliable reference result was possible. Simulations were conducted on a typical Helmholtz coils setup powered by constant current. In order to simulate electromagnetic phenomenon in the air surrounding the setup, both coils were placed in sphere, which provided proper simulation space. Also, the external surface of the sphere is utilized for application of boundary conditions for the differential equations solved during the modeling. Thus, proper selection of the simulation range is crucial for obtaining reliable results. On the other hand, utilization of excessively large simulation space significantly increases computation cost. This paper focuses on the optimization of a modeling range in the function of obtaining reliable and accurate results by minimization of modeling error, as well as on minimization of computation time.
Neural Network Based Gujarati Speech Recognition for Dataset Collected by in ear Microphone

This paper addresses different configurations of two layers and three layers neural network approach for the low resource language like Gujarati. The speech data are collected with the in ear microphone compare to conventional microphone system and results are compared. Different end point detection algorithms are also tested to remove an unwanted silence portion where maximum chances of noise take place. Word boundary detection is used to separate out the different words form sentences. Detected words are then passed to the feature extraction block. Feature extractions are done with the help of the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and Real Cepstral Coefficients (RC) Results are tested and compared to them. Two layers and three layers neural networks approach are used for the classification.
Objective speech quality estimation of in ear microphone speech

Speech captured from an in ear microphone (IEM) under an intra aural device is beneficial in extremely noisy environments as it maintains a relatively high signal to noise ratio. Due to its limited bandwidth, speech enhancement is required in order to obtain a more natural speech. Consequently, quick and practical measurement of speech quality is important. In this paper, we compare the performance of the quality of intrusive and non intrusive objective quality metrics on IEM speech, and propose an adaptation of a non intrusive metric (SRMR) to IEM speech signals. We show that the updated SRMR metric, SRMR IEM, significantly reduces the performance gap between non intrusive and intrusive metrics.
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of the selective androgen receptor modulator GTx 024(Enobosarm) with itraconazole, rifampin, probenecid, celecoxib and rosuvastatin
Venue: Investigational New Drugs

SummaryGTx 024 (also known as enobosarm) is a first in class selective androgen receptor modulator being developed for diverse indications in oncology. Preclinical studies of GTx 024 supported the evaluation of several potential drug drug interactions in a clinical setting. A series of open label Phase I GTx 024 drug drug interaction studies were designed to interrogate potential interactions with CYP3A4 inhibitor (itraconazole) a CYP3A4 inducer (rifampin) a pan UGT inhibitor (probenecid) a CYP2C9 substrate (celecoxib) and a BCRP substrate (rosuvastatin) The plasma pharmacokinetics of GTx 024, its major metabolite (GTx 024 glucuronide) and each substrate were characterized in detail. Itraconazole administration had no effect on GTx 024 pharmacokinetics. Likewise, GTx 024 administration did not significantly change the pharmacokinetics of celecoxib or rosuvastatin. Rifampin administration had the largest impact on GTx 024 pharmacokinetics of any co administered agent and reduced the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) by 23 and the area under the curve (AUC) by 43 Probenecid had a complex interaction with GTx 024 whereby both GTx 024 plasma levels and GTx 024 glucuronide plasma levels (AUC) were increased by co administration of the UGT inhibitor (50 and 112 respectively) Overall, GTx 024 was well tolerated and poses very little risk of generating clinically relevant drug drug interactions.
Quantum Dot Lasers Epitaxially Grown on Silicon

Author(s) Liu, Alan Young Advisor(s) Bowers,  This thesis investigates the growth, fabrication, and performance of III V semiconductorquantum dot lasers epitaxially grown on silicon based substrates as an enablingtechnology for the realization of low cost, size, weight, and power (cSWaP) photonic integrated circuits. The use of large area, low cost silicon or silicon on insulator (SOI) basedsubstrates as a photonic integration platform is attractive due to existing economies ofscale and potential to recycle advanced CMOS fabrication tools already developed forsilicon microelectronics. The indirect bandgap of silicon presents a major hurdle towardsthe complete integration of photonic devices on silicon in particular a laser. To circumvent inefficient light emission from silicon's indirect bandgap, current methods tofabricate silicon based lasers typically rely on a separate material for the generation andamplification of light. These methods include integration of III V materials onto siliconvia wafer bonding or direct epitaxial growth, as well as band gap engineering of groupIV elements such as Ge or GexSn(1 x) grown on silicon for direct gap light emission.Direct growth of high gain III V compound semiconductors onto silicon substratesis well suited for high volume applications. Unfortunately, large dislocation densitiestypically result from the growth process due to fundamental material differences betweenIII Vs and Si, which is detrimental to both the device efficiency as well as reliability.In this thesis, we demonstrate III V laser diodes epitaxially grown on silicon with worldrecord performance. Key to our approach is the use of III V self assembled quantumdot light emitters in place of traditional quantum wells, offering advantages of reduced sensitivity to dislocations, reduced sensitivity to reflections/optical feedback, and lowvalues of threshold current (densities) In particular, the reduced sensitivity of quantumdot active regions to dislocations allows us to employ direct epitaxial growth for theintegration of III V quantum dot lasers on silicon substrates with minimal compromisein light emission efficiency.
Ups and Downs: Modeling the Visual Evolution of Fashion Trends with One Class Collaborative Filtering
Venue: WWW

Building a successful recommender system depends on understanding both the dimensions of people's preferences as well as their dynamics. In certain domains, such as fashion, modeling such preferences can be incredibly difficult, due to the need to simultaneously model the visual appearance of products as well as their evolution over time. The subtle semantics and non linear dynamics of fashion evolution raise unique challenges especially considering the sparsity and large scale of the underlying datasets. In this paper we build novel models for the One Class Collaborative Filtering setting, where our goal is to estimate users' fashion aware personalized ranking functions based on their past feedback. To uncover the complex and evolving visual factors that people consider when evaluating products, our method combines high level visual features extracted from a deep convolutional neural network, users' past feedback, as well as evolving trends within the community. Experimentally we evaluate our method on two large real world datasets from Amazon.com, where we show it to outperform state of the art personalized ranking measures, and also use it to visualize the high level fashion trends across the 11 year span of our dataset.
Modern Management Principles Come to the Dental School.
Venue: Journal of dental education

The University of Washington School of Dentistry may be the first dental school in the nation to apply lean process management principles as a primary tool to re engineer its operations and curriculum to produce the dentist of the future. The efficiencies realized through re engineering will better enable the school to remain competitive and viable as a national leader of dental education. Several task forces conducted rigorous value stream analyses in a highly collaborative environment led by the dean of the school. The four areas undergoing evaluation and re engineering were organizational infrastructure, organizational processes, curriculum, and clinic operations. The new educational model was derived by thoroughly analyzing the current state of dental education in order to design and achieve the closest possible ideal state. As well, the school's goal was to create a lean, sustainable operational model. This model aims to ensure continued excellence in restorative dental instruction and to serve as a blueprint for other public dental schools seeking financial stability in this era of shrinking state support and rising costs.
Adjunctive Nutraceuticals for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta Analyses.
Venue: The American journal of psychiatry

There is burgeoning interest in augmentation strategies for improving inadequate response to antidepressants. The adjunctive use of standardized pharmaceutical grade nutrients, known as nutraceuticals, has the potential to modulate several neurochemical pathways implicated in depression. While many studies have been conducted in this area, to date no specialized systematic review (or meta analysis) has been conducted.  A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted up to December 2015 for clinical trials using adjunctive nutrients for depression. Where sufficient data were available, a random effects model analyzed the standard mean difference between treatment and placebo in the change from baseline to endpoint, combining the effect size data. Funnel plot and heterogeneity analyses were also performed.  Primarily positive results were found for replicated studies testing S adenosylmethionine (SAMe) methylfolate, omega 3 (primarily EPA or ethyl EPA) and vitamin D, with positive isolated studies for creatine, folinic acid, and an amino acid combination. Mixed results were found for zinc, folic acid, vitamin C, and tryptophan, with nonsignificant results for inositol. No major adverse effects were noted in the studies (aside from minor digestive disturbance) A meta analysis of adjunctive omega 3 versus placebo revealed a significant and moderate to strong effect in favor of omega 3. Conversely, a meta analysis of folic acid revealed a nonsignificant difference from placebo. Marked study heterogeneity was found in a Higgins test for both omega 3 and folic acid studies; funnel plots also revealed asymmetry (reflecting potential study bias)  Current evidence supports adjunctive use of SAMe, methylfolate, omega 3, and vitamin D with antidepressants to reduce depressive symptoms.
Meaning Medicine And The Placebo Effect

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Mechanisms of the placebo effect in pain and psychiatric disorders
Venue: The Pharmacogenomics Journal

Placebo effect research over the past 15 years has improved our understanding of how placebo treatments reduce patient symptoms. The expectation of symptom improvement is the primary factor underlying the placebo effect. Such expectations are shaped by past experiences, contextual cues and biological traits, which ultimately modulate one's degree of response to a placebo. The body of evidence that describes the physiology of the placebo effect has been derived from mechanistic studies primarily restricted to the setting of pain. Imaging findings support the role of endogenous opioid and dopaminergic networks in placebo analgesia in both healthy patients as well as patients with painful medical conditions. In patients with psychiatric illnesses such as anxiety disorders or depression, a vast overlap in neurological changes is observed in drug responders and placebo responders supporting the role of serotonergic networks in placebo response. Molecular techniques have been relatively underutilized in understanding the placebo effect until recently. We present an overview of the placebo responder phenotypes and genetic markers that have been associated with the placebo effect in pain, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and depression.
Subzero temperature dip coating of sol gel vanadium pentoxide: effect of the deposition temperature on the film structure, morphology, and electrochromic properties

Vanadium pentoxide sol gel prepared thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by dip coating at a subzero temperature 10degC) The structure, morphology, and optical and electrochromic properties of dense and porous vanadium oxide films coated at low temperature were determined and compared to those of the corresponding films deposited under room temperature conditions. The results indicated that, in the films coated at 10degC, a residual compressive stress exists that would originate from the formation of microvoids during the deposition. These microvoids are preserved during the heat treatment of the films. The microvoid morphology would favor the formation of nanostructures that would be responsible for the improved electrochromic properties of the subzero dip coated films. Low temperature coated films, heated at 450degC for several hours, undergo the transformation from a layered to a highly uniform nanorod structure that would be an important feature for different applications.
Signals from the Government: Policy Disagreement and the Transmission of Fiscal Shocks

We investigate the effects of fiscal policy communication on the propagation of government spending shocks. To this aim, we propose a new index measuring the coordination effects of policy communication on private agents' expectations. This index is based on the disagreement amongst US professional forecasters about future government spending. The underlying intuition is that a clear fiscal policy communication can coalesce expectations, reducing disagreement. Results indicate that, in times of low disagreement, the output response to fiscal spending innovations is positive and large, mainly due to private investment response. Conversely, periods of elevated disagreement are characterised by muted output response.
Efficiency transfer using the GEANT4 code of CERN for HPGe gamma spectrometry.
Venue: Applied radiation and isotopes including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine

In this work we apply the GEANT4 code of CERN to calculate the peak efficiency in High Pure Germanium (HPGe) gamma spectrometry using three different procedures. The first is a direct calculation. The second corresponds to the usual case of efficiency transfer between two different configurations at constant emission energy assuming a reference point detection configuration and the third, a new procedure, consists on the transfer of the peak efficiency between two detection configurations emitting the gamma ray in different energies assuming a "virtual" reference point detection configuration. No pre optimization of the detector geometrical characteristics was performed before the transfer to test the ability of the efficiency transfer to reduce the effect of the ignorance on their real magnitude on the quality of the transferred efficiency. The obtained and measured efficiencies were found in good agreement for the two investigated methods of efficiency transfer. The obtained agreement proves that Monte Carlo method and especially the GEANT4 code constitute an efficient tool to obtain accurate detection efficiency values. The second investigated efficiency transfer procedure is useful to calibrate the HPGe gamma detector for any emission energy value for a voluminous source using one point source detection efficiency emitting in a different energy as a reference efficiency. The calculations preformed in this work were applied to the measurement exercise of the EUROMET428 project. A measurement exercise where an evaluation of the full energy peak efficiencies in the energy range 60 2000 keV for a typical coaxial p type HpGe detector and several types of source configuration: point sources located at various distances from the detector and a cylindrical box containing three matrices was performed.
Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body
Venue: PLoS biology

Reported values in the literature on the number of cells in the body differ by orders of magnitude and are very seldom supported by any measurements or calculations. Here, we integrate the most up to date information on the number of human and bacterial cells in the body. We estimate the total number of bacteria in the 70 kg "reference man" to be 3.8*1013. For human cells, we identify the dominant role of the hematopoietic lineage to the total count (90% and revise past estimates to 3.0*1013 human cells. Our analysis also updates the widely cited 10:1 ratio, showing that the number of bacteria in the body is actually of the same order as the number of human cells, and their total mass is about 0.2 kg.
Blind motion image deblurring using nonconvex higher order total variation model
Venue: J. Electronic Imaging

We propose a nonconvex higher order total variation (TV) method for blind motion image deblurring. First, we introduce a nonconvex higher order TV differential operator to define a new model of the blind motion image deblurring, which can effectively eliminate the staircase effect of the deblurred image; meanwhile, we employ an image sparse prior to improve the edge recovery quality. Second, to improve the accuracy of the estimated motion blur kernel, we use L1 norm and H1 norm as the blur kernel regularization term, considering the sparsity and smoothing of the motion blur kernel. Third, because it is difficult to solve the numerically computational complexity problem of the proposed model owing to the intrinsic nonconvexity, we propose a binary iterative strategy, which incorporates a reweighted minimization approximating scheme in the outer iteration, and a split Bregman algorithm in the inner iteration. And we also discuss the convergence of the proposed binary iterative strategy. Last, we conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real world degraded images. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the previous representative methods in both quality of visual perception and quantitative measurement.
Ad Hoc Influenza Vaccination During Years of Significant Antigenic Drift in a Tropical City With 2 Seasonal Peaks
Venue: Medicine

AbstractWe evaluated the acceptability of an additional ad hoc influenza vaccination among the health care professionals following seasons with significant antigenic drift.Self administered, anonymous surveys were performed by hard copy questionnaires in public hospitals, and by an on line platform available to all healthcare professionals, from April 1st to May 31st, 2015. A total of 1290 healthcare professionals completed the questionnaires, including doctors, nurses, and allied health professionals working in both the public and private systems.Only 31.8% of participating respondents expressed an intention to receive the additional vaccine, despite that the majority of them agreed or strongly agreed that it would bring benefit to the community (88.9% save lives (86.7% reduce medical expenses (76.3% satisfy public expectation (82.8% and increase awareness of vaccination (86.1% However, a significant proportion expressed concern that the vaccine could disturb the normal immunization schedule (45.5% felt uncertain what to do in the next vaccination round (66.0% perceived that the summer peak might not occur (48.2% and believed that the summer peak might not be of the same virus (83.5% Furthermore, 27.8% of all respondents expected that the additional vaccination could weaken the efficacy of previous vaccinations; 51.3% was concerned about side effects; and 61.3% estimated that there would be a low uptake rate. If the supply of vaccine was limited, higher priority groups were considered to include the elderly aged =65 years with chronic medical conditions (89.2% the elderly living in residential care homes (87.4% and long stay residents of institutions for the disabled (80.7% The strongest factors associated with accepting the additional vaccine included immunization with influenza vaccines in the past 3 years, higher perceived risk of contracting influenza, and higher perceived severity of the disease impact.The acceptability to an additional ad hoc influenza vaccination was low among healthcare professionals. This could have a negative impact on such additional vaccination campaigns since healthcare professionals are a key driver for vaccine acceptance. The discordance in perceived risk and acceptance of vaccination regarding self versus public deserves further evaluation.