nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pelvic retroperitoneal pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) of soft tissue: a case report
Venue: BMC Medical Imaging

BackgroundPleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is a rare soft tissue tumor of low malignant potential, which most often arises in the lower extremities. Lesions occurred in other anatomic locations have been rarely reported. Moreover, their imaging features have not been well discussed. Here we report a case of PHAT arising primarily in the pelvic retroperitoneum. To our knowledge, this is the first radiological description for retroperitoneum PHAT.Case presentationA 26 year old female was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a pelvic mass incidentally noted in routine pre pregnancy ultrasonography examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an irregular mass with clear boundary in the pelvic retroperitoneum. Its signal intensity or density was inhomogeneous. On MRI images, it mainly showed isointense and slight hypointense on T1 weighted image and isointense and hyperintense on T2 weighted image. On contrast enhanced images, it showed marked but heterogenous enhancement. With the delay time increasing, the enhanced area in the lesion increased but the CT value decreased. Dilated vessels and hemorrhage were detected in the tumor. With patience and careful separation, it was completely excised with great amount of bleeding during operation. Pathological and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the diagnosis of PHAT of the soft parts. We found no evidence of recurrence 18 months after operation.ConclusionWe present an extremely rare case of PHAT arising primarily in the pelvic retroperitoneum. To our knowledge, this is the first radiological description for retroperitoneum PHAT. The provided information is useful for summarizing the characteristics of this kind of tumor. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of a well defined, inhomogenously enhanced hypervascular soft tissue mass in pelvic cavity.
A systematic review of factors linked to poor academic performance of disadvantaged students in science and maths in schools

Socio economic hardships put children in an underprivileged position. This systematic review was conducted to identify factors linked to underachievement of disadvantaged pupils in school science and maths. What could be done as evidence based practice to make the lives of these young people better? The protocol from preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta analyses (PRISMA) was followed. Major electronic educational databases were searched. Papers meeting pre defined selection criteria were identified. Studies included were mainly large scale evaluations with a clearly defined comparator group and robust research design. All studies used a measure of disadvantage such as lower SES, language barrier, ethnic minority or temporary immigrant status and an outcome measure like attainment in standardised national tests. A majority of papers capable of answering the research question were correlational studies. The review reports findings from 771 studies published from 2005 to 2014 in English language. Thirty four studies were synthesised. Results suggest major factors linking deprivation to underachievement can be thematically categorised into a lack of positive environment and support. Recommendations from the research reports are discussed.
Audit Quality and Earnings Management to Avoid Losses and Earnings Decreases: The French Case

Burgstahler and Dichev's (1997) show that companies willingly manage their earnings with the aim of meeting or exceeding the two earnings targets: zero earnings and last period's earnings. In this paper, we focus on the impact of audit quality on the distributions of earnings and distributions of earnings changes among a sample of SBF 250 listed firms from 2001 to 2007. The results obtained confirm prior findings in Burgstahler and Dichev of discontinuities around zero and prior year earnings in histograms of earnings. We also do not find evidence supportive that high quality audits provide a constraint on earnings management to avoid losses and earnings decreases.
The H&F Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale 13 (H&F MSP13) Construct and convergent validity
Venue: European Psychiatry

The Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (H&F MPS) is one of the most used measures of perfectionism. Their 45 items evaluate self Oriented (SOP) Self Prescribed (SPP) and Other Oriented (OOP) perfectionism.  To study the internal consistency and convergent validity of the H&F MSP13.  One hundred and ninety two university students (78.1% females) aged 19.74 years (sd 2.10; range: 17 28) completed the Portuguese versions of H&F MPS (Soares et al. 2003) and of Frost et al. MPS (F MPS) (Amaral et al. 2013) Thirteen items were selected from the Portuguese version of the H&F MPS, based on their loading in the factor (0.60 and over) (Soares et al. 2003)  The H&FMPS13 revealed good internal consistency (a 0.816) The corrected item total subscale Spearman's correlations were high (from 0.418 to 0.820) The principal component analysis with factors varimax rotation produced three factors, which revealed acceptable/good internal consistency (SOP: explained variance/EV 35.4% a .900; SPP: EV 16.3% a 0.695; OOP: EV 10.8% a 0.709) The correlations between the H&F MSP13 scores and the matching scores of the H&F MPS were high (from r 0.745 to r 0.945, all P .01) suggesting that both scales measure similarly the constructs. The H&F MSP13 and the H&F MPS total scores demonstrate good convergent validity with the total score of F MPS, as indicated by the correlations (r 0.581/r 0.636, respectively) The correlations similarities between the H&F MSP13 and H&F MSP dimensions and the F MPS dimensions and total scores were also considerable.  The H&F MSP13 is a valid instrument to measure perfectionism that reveals convergent validity with the F MPS, retaining the adequate psychometric properties of the H&F MPS and its administration is less time consuming. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
M5 model tree based predictive modeling of road accidents on non urban sections of highways in India.
Venue: Accident; analysis and prevention

This work examines the application of M5 model tree and conventionally used fixed/random effect negative binomial (FENB/RENB) regression models for accident prediction on non urban sections of highway in Haryana (India) Road accident data for a period of 2 6 years on different sections of 8 National and State Highways in Haryana was collected from police records. Data related to road geometry, traffic and road environment related variables was collected through field studies. Total two hundred and twenty two data points were gathered by dividing highways into sections with certain uniform geometric characteristics. For prediction of accident frequencies using fifteen input parameters, two modeling approaches: FENB/RENB regression and M5 model tree were used. Results suggest that both models perform comparably well in terms of correlation coefficient and root mean square error values. M5 model tree provides simple linear equations that are easy to interpret and provide better insight, indicating that this approach can effectively be used as an alternative to RENB approach if the sole purpose is to predict motor vehicle crashes. Sensitivity analysis using M5 model tree also suggests that its results reflect the physical conditions. Both models clearly indicate that to improve safety on Indian highways minor accesses to the highways need to be properly designed and controlled, the service roads to be made functional and dispersion of speeds is to be brought down.
Qualities of a Good Leader and the Benefits of Good Leadership to an Organization: A Conceptual Study

The problem being faced by today's organizations is that they are either overled or underled thus they need to increase their leading capacities in order to exercise balanced leadership. Generally leadership occurs when there is a relationship between the leader (one who intends to lead) and the people who prefer to follow (followers) This study aims to review literature related to the qualities of a good leader and the benefits of good leadership to the organization with the aim to establish gaps for further studies on the topic.  Leadership, Qualities, Benefits, Emotional Intelligence,
Numerical Simulation of CO2 Flows in Pipes with Phase Transition across the Triple Point

The formation of solid CO2, commonly known as 'dry ice' resulting from the near isentropic expansion of CO2 to pressures below its triple point (5.18 bar) is of significant practical importance for the design and safe operation of various systems utilising high pressure CO2, including transportation pipelines and vessels, as well as cryogenic and cleaning devices. In the present study, a compressible flow Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict the formation of dry ice during a transient decompression of CO2 pipelines. The model is based on the Homogeneous Equilibrium Mixture (HEM) assumption and utilizes an extended Peng Robinson equation of state to predict the physical properties of CO2 in vapour, liquid and solid states. To ensure hyperbolicity of the flow equations the frozen speed of sound model is applied to the solid liquid vapour mixtures at the thermodynamic triple point of CO2. The developed model is validated against the pressure and temperature measurements obtained in a full bore rupture test performed using a 144 m long 150 mm diameter pipeline, initially filled with dense phase CO2 at 153.3 bar and 5.25 oC. The results of simulation show that the total amount of dry ice found in the pipeline at the end of decompression process is ca 12 kg, which corresponds to 0.48% of the initial inventory of the pipe.
Nuclear Quantum Effects in Water at the Triple Point: Using Theory as a Link Between Experiments.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry letters

One of the most prominent consequences of the quantum nature of light atomic nuclei is that their kinetic energy does not follow a Maxwell Boltzmann distribution. Deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) experiments can measure this effect. Thus, the nuclear quantum kinetic energy can be probed directly in both ordered and disordered samples. However, the relation between the quantum kinetic energy and the atomic environment is a very indirect one, and cross validation with theoretical modeling is therefore urgently needed. Here, we use state of the art path integral molecular dynamics techniques to compute the kinetic energy of hydrogen and oxygen nuclei in liquid, solid, and gas phase water close to the triple point, comparing three different interatomic potentials and validating our results against equilibrium isotope fractionation measurements. We will then show how accurate simulations can draw a link between extremely precise fractionation experiments and DINS, therefore establishing a reliable benchmark for future measurements and providing key insights to increase further the accuracy of interatomic potentials for water.
Control of brown and beige fat development
Venue: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

Brown and beige adipocytes expend chemical energy to produce heat and are therefore important in regulating body temperature and body weight. Brown adipocytes develop in discrete and relatively homogenous depots of brown adipose tissue, whereas beige adipocytes are induced to develop in white adipose tissue in response to certain stimuli notably, exposure to cold. Fate mapping analyses have identified progenitor populations that give rise to brown and beige fat cells, and have revealed unanticipated cell lineage relationships between vascular smooth muscle cells and beige adipocytes, and between skeletal muscle cells and brown fat. In addition, non adipocyte cells in adipose tissue, including neurons, blood vessel associated cells and immune cells, have crucial roles in regulating the differentiation and function of brown and beige fat.
Cellular mechanisms contributing to multiple stress tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with potential use in high temperature ethanol fermentation
Venue: AMB Express

High temperature ethanol fermentation has several benefits including a reduction in cooling cost, minimizing risk of bacterial contamination, and enabling simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. To achieve the efficient ethanol fermentation at high temperature, yeast strain that tolerates to not only high temperature but also the other stresses present during fermentation, e.g. ethanol, osmotic, and oxidative stresses, is indispensable. The C3253, , and C4377 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, which have been previously isolated as thermotolerant yeasts, were found to be multiple stress tolerant. In these strains, continuous expression of heat shock protein genes and intracellular trehalose accumulation were induced in response to stresses causing protein denaturation. Compared to the control strains, these multiple stress tolerant strains displayed low intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and effective cell wall remodeling upon exposures to almost all stresses tested. In response to simultaneous multi stress mimicking fermentation stress, cell wall remodeling and redox homeostasis seem to be the primary mechanisms required for protection against cell damage. Moreover, these strains showed better performances of ethanol production than the control strains at both optimal and high temperatures, suggesting their potential use in high temperature ethanol fermentation.
Genomic agonism and phenotypic antagonism between estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer
Venue: Science Advances

Individual and concerted actions of ER and PR highlight the prognostic and therapeutic value of PR in ER+/PR+ breast cancers. The functional role of progesterone receptor (PR) and its impact on estrogen signaling in breast cancer remain controversial. In primary ER+ (estrogen receptor positive)/PR+ human tumors, we report that PR reprograms estrogen signaling as a genomic agonist and a phenotypic antagonist. In isolation, estrogen and progestin act as genomic agonists by regulating the expression of common target genes in similar directions, but at different levels. Similarly, in isolation, progestin is also a weak phenotypic agonist of estrogen action. However, in the presence of both hormones, progestin behaves as a phenotypic estrogen antagonist. PR remodels nucleosomes to noncompetitively redirect ER genomic binding to distal enhancers enriched for BRCA1 binding motifs and sites that link PR and ER/PR complexes. When both hormones are present, progestin modulates estrogen action, such that responsive transcriptomes, cellular processes, and ER/PR recruitment to genomic sites correlate with those observed with PR alone, but not ER alone. Despite this overall correlation, the transcriptome patterns modulated by dual treatment are sufficiently different from individual treatments, such that antagonism of oncogenic processes is both predicted and observed. Combination therapies using the selective PR modulator/antagonist (SPRM) CDB4124 in combination with tamoxifen elicited 70% cytotoxic tumor regression of T47D tumor xenografts, whereas individual therapies inhibited tumor growth without net regression. Our findings demonstrate that PR redirects ER chromatin binding to antagonize estrogen signaling and that SPRMs can potentiate responses to antiestrogens, suggesting that cotargeting of ER and PR in ER+/PR+ breast cancers should be explored.
Biofilm Mediated Heavy Metals Bioremediation in PGPR Pseudomonas

It is often reported that biofilm grown cells exhibit enhanced tolerance toward adverse environmental stress conditions, and thus there has been a growing interest in recent years to use biofilms for biotechnological applications such as the uptake of heavy metal. We present in this study the promising application of Pseudomonas biofilms in heavy metal uptake. The main objective of this study is to investigate if these isolates can withstand metal toxicity, and concomitantly to evaluate the interaction between heavy metals and biofilm formation. Compared to control experiments, all Strains were found to produce a greasy looking biofilm which varied in thickness from an 'almost invisible film' to a paper thick structure depending on the presence of zinc and lead, they exhibited an important biofilm mass. These findings underline the robustness of biofilms under stress conditions and its potential to maintain a favorable niche in stressful environments with increased heavy metal concentrations. Statistically, the biofilms formation seems to be more correlated to the antibiotics resistance (r=0.73; P<0.05) than the heavy metals resistance (r=0.31; P<0.05) Surprisingly, stationary phase growing was found to be more resistant than logarithmically growing. There is no direct evidence that links metal resistance in biofilms according to the statistical analysis.
Biofilm mediated decontamination of pollutants from the environment

In this review, we highlight beneficial use of microbial biofilms in remediation of environmental pollutants by bioremediation. Bioremediation is an environment friendly, cost effective, sustainable technology that utilizes microbes to decontaminate and degrade a wide variety of pollutants into less harmful products. Relative to free floating planktonic cells, microbes existing in biofilm mode are advantageous for bioremediation because of greater tolerance to pollutants, environmental stress and ability to degrade varied harsh pollutants via diverse catabolic pathways. In biofilm mode, microbes are immobilized in a self synthesized matrix which offers protection from stress, contaminants and predatory protozoa. Contaminants ranging from heavy metals, petroleum, explosives, pesticides have been remediated using microbial consortia of biofilms. In the industry, biofilm based bioremediation is used to decontaminate polluted soil and groundwater. Here we discuss conventional and newer strategies utilizing biofilms in environmental remediation.
Projections of climate change impacts on central America tropical rainforest
Venue: Climatic Change

Tropical rainforest plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, accounting for a large part of global net primary productivity and contributing to CO2 sequestration. The objective of this work is to simulate potential changes in the rainforest biome in Central America subject to anthropogenic climate change under two emissions scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The use of a dynamic vegetation model and climate change scenarios is an approach to investigate, assess or anticipate how biomes respond to climate change. In this work, the Inland dynamic vegetation model was driven by the Eta regional climate model simulations. These simulations accept boundary conditions from HadGEM2 ES runs in the two emissions scenarios. The possible consequences of regional climate change on vegetation properties, such as biomass, net primary production and changes in forest extent and distribution, were investigated. The Inland model projections show reductions in tropical forest cover in both scenarios. The reduction of tropical forest cover is greater in RCP8.5. The Inland model projects biomass increases where tropical forest remains due to the CO2 fertilization effect. The future distribution of predominant vegetation shows that some areas of tropical rainforest in Central America are replaced by savannah and grassland in RCP4.5. Inland projections under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 show a net primary productivity reduction trend due to significant tropical forest reduction, temperature increase, precipitation reduction and dry spell increments, despite the biomass increases in some areas of Costa Rica and Panama. This study may provide guidance to adaptation studies of climate change impacts on the tropical rainforests in Central America.
The idealism of education policies and the realities in schools: the implementation of inclusive education in South Africa

Inclusive education as a global movement emerged over the past 30 years to ensure quality mainstream education for all learners. Since 1994 the newly democratic South Africa also had expectations as well as the political will to change education by adjusting legislation and policies. However, the vision of a truly inclusive education system in South Africa has been difficult to achieve and results regarding the implementation of inclusive education remain questionable. There has been a growing realisation that the advent of democracy was not in itself a sufficient condition for the elimination of historical and structural inequalities in education with as recurring theme the dissonance between the government's socio political imperative for change and economic realities. This article focuses on the development of policy and guidelines on inclusive education in dynamic interaction with the complexity of realities in South African schools with a special focus on the policy recommendations regarding the development of full service schools. The constant comparative analysis of the two phased case study of a full service school in a rural town revealed interesting results illustrating the complexities regarding the implementation of inclusive education and the challenges and opportunities in bridging the gap between the idealism of policies and the realities in schools.
miR 411 5p inhibits proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cell via targeting GRB2.
Venue: Biochemical and biophysical research communications

miR 411 5p (previously called miR 411) is severely involved in human diseases, however, the relationship between miR 411 5p and breast cancer has not been investigated thoroughly. Here, we found that the expression of miR 411 5p was downregulated in breast cancer tissues compared with their matched adjacent non neoplastic tissues. In addition, the expression of miR 411 5p was also lower in breast cancer cell lines in contrast with MCF 10A. Moreover, we investigated the target and mechanism of miR 411 5p in breast cancer using mimic and inhibitor, and demonstrated the involvement of GRB2 and Ras activation. Ectopic expression of miR 411 5p suppressed the breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion while low expression of miR 411 5p exhibited the opposite effect. Furthermore, GRB2 was demonstrated to be significantly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues, and low expression of GRB2 had a longer overall survival compared with high expression of GRB2 in breast cancer. In general, our study shed light on the miR 411 5p related mechanism in the progression of breast cancer and, miR 411 5p/GRB2/Ras axis is potential to be molecular target for breast cancer therapy.