nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of anaerobic digestion products of municipal solid food wastes in treating wastewaters

Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of biodegradable organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen or in an oxygen starved environment. This technology is superior to the landfilling and also the aerobic composting. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the effluent Volatile Fatty Acids from the anaerobic acidogenesis of the urban food waste can be used, due to its high value in organic elements, as an external carbon source for the denitrificationin waste water treatment plants. The results showed that Volatile Fatty Acids concentration in mgCOD/L in the fermentation was in the range between 3,300 mg COD/L and 6,560 mg COD/L. The n butiric acids had the highest concentration in mg COD/L followed by the propionic and acetic acid, while the valeric acid had the lowest concentration,also the concentration of the acetic and valeric acid were stable over the time. Opposite to these, the propionic and n butyric acid showed high variability in the concentration, especially the nbutyric acid. The specific denitrification rate tests showed that the ethanol cultivated biomass was more successful in using the effluent of the urban food waste digestion as carbon source than methanol cultivated biomass. The specific denitrification rate tests results of the experiment showed that the average of 0.15 an 0.51 mg N/mg for methanol and ethanol cultivated biomass respectively.
Cooperation in the food industry: contributions and limitations of the open innovation model

This article focuses on the multi partner relationships between agrofood firms and external stakeholders to innovate, which some authors today call the Open Innovation model (Chesbrough, 2003) Based on various studies we have conducted on innovation and cooperation processes in agrofood companies, we show that innovation processes are not always "open" as some companies prefer to develop their innovations internally. For various reasons (confidentiality, obstacles in protecting innovations, difficulties in establishing relationships in the absence of internal R&D, etc. these firms can choose to innovate without recourse to external partners. Furthermore, we discuss the hypothesis that geographical proximity between companies and stakeholders would automatically result in a greater ability to absorb external knowledge and technologies. "Remote" cooperation is strong and organised proximity plays a key role in facilitating the cooperation.
Safe, Multi Agent, Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Venue: ArXiv

Autonomous driving is a multi agent setting where the host vehicle must apply sophisticated negotiation skills with other road users when overtaking, giving way, merging, taking left and right turns and while pushing ahead in unstructured urban roadways. Since there are many possible scenarios, manually tackling all possible cases will likely yield a too simplistic policy. Moreover, one must balance between unexpected behavior of other drivers/pedestrians and at the same time not to be too defensive so that normal traffic flow is maintained. In this paper we apply deep reinforcement learning to the problem of forming long term driving strategies. We note that there are two major challenges that make autonomous driving different from other robotic tasks. First, is the necessity for ensuring functional safety something that machine learning has difficulty with given that performance is optimized at the level of an expectation over many instances. Second, the Markov Decision Process model often used in robotics is problematic in our case because of unpredictable behavior of other agents in this multi agent scenario. We make three contributions in our work. First, we show how policy gradient iterations can be used without Markovian assumptions. Second, we decompose the problem into a composition of a Policy for Desires (which is to be learned) and trajectory planning with hard constraints (which is not learned) The goal of Desires is to enable comfort of driving, while hard constraints guarantees the safety of driving. Third, we introduce a hierarchical temporal abstraction we call an "Option Graph" with a gating mechanism that significantly reduces the effective horizon and thereby reducing the variance of the gradient estimation even further.
Historicising Student Activism and their Pamphleteer Discourses: a Textometric Analysis

Recovering those writings on the wall: this paper aims at providing new insights on youth Indian activism through presenting preliminary results of a textual study on campus politics. Through a lexicographic analysis of a recently (2015) digitalised database of pamphlets in a predominantly left leaning university in New Delhi, I present three main findings. Mainly, pamphleteer rhetoric in this campus operationalises a vituperative type of discourse based on competitive argumentation, slanders and truth claiming. Moreover, textual statistics helps us to identify phases, changes of political leadership and the advent of new political debates in the university, which echo those emerging in the country. Lastly, activists authoring pamphlets build on pre existing ideologies embedded in Indian politics, as they draw from the political culture of the party they belong to.
Cellular Cargo Delivery: Toward Assisted Fertilization by Sperm Carrying Micromotors.
Venue: Nano letters

We present artificially motorized sperm cells a novel type of hybrid micromotor, where customized microhelices serve as motors for transporting sperm cells with motion deficiencies to help them carry out their natural function. Our results indicate that metal coated polymer microhelices are suitable for this task due to potent, controllable, and nonharmful 3D motion behavior. We manage to capture, transport, and release single immotile live sperm cells in fluidic channels that allow mimicking physiological conditions. Important steps toward fertilization are addressed by employing proper means of sperm selection and oocyte culturing. Despite the fact that there still remain some challenges on the way to achieve successful fertilization with artificially motorized sperms, we believe that the potential of this novel approach toward assisted reproduction can be already put into perspective with the present work.
Dynamic Polymeric Microtubes for the Remote Controlled Capture, Guidance, and Release of Sperm Cells.
Venue: Advanced materials

Remote controlled release of single sperm cells is demonstrated by the use of polymeric microtubes that unfold upon temperature increase to 38 degC. Thermoresponsive, ferromagnetic multilayers are tailored to catch sperm cells and remotely control them by external magnetic fields. These polymeric spermbots are propelled by the sperm flagella. When the temperature is increased, the tubes unfold and the cell is set free.
Adapting to win: how insurgents fight and defeat foreign states in war

capacity in Chapter 5, and the abovementioned comment on the 'entire ethos of the global health security regime' I would have expected a deeper exploration of why that ethos left so few traces in the IHR. The implicit answer can be found in Chapter 2, which addresses how the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic constituted the tipping point, leading to the extensive revision of the IHR. SARS hardly affected low income countries at all. It spread from China, to Viet Nam and Hong Kong, and further into Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Germany, Canada and the USA. For SARS, the problem was not weak capacity, but weak political will to report and to cooperate. Weak capacity was somewhat overlooked. If the IHR are revised again, in the near future, will weak capacity and the ways to overcome it, including international financial cooperation be included? The answer to that question will not be found here, obviously. However, global health scholars who would like to see international financial cooperation included in the next iteration of the IHR can learn a lot from this book. What it takes is 'a critical mass of states, persuading them to cease being apathetic (or even resistant) to a set of new collective behavioural expectations concerning infectious disease outbreak' (p. 52) and then, of course, to persuade them that international public financing of health systems is part of the collective behavioural expectations.
Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies: Re conceptualising design and making

www.routledge.com Landscape Architecture and Digital Technologies explores how digital technologies are reshaping design and making in landscape architecture. While the potentials of digital technologies are well documented within landscape planning and visualisation, its application within design practice is far less understood. This book highlights the role of the digital model in encouraging a new design logic that moves from the privileging of the visual to a focus on processes of formation, bridging the interface of the conceptual and material, the virtual and the physical.
Research in Landscape Architecture: Methods and Methodology

Defining a research question, describing why it needs to be answered and explaining how methods are selected and applied are challenging tasks for anyone embarking on academic research within the field of landscape architecture. Whether you are an early career researcher or a senior academic, it is essential to draw meaningful conclusions and robust answers to research questions. Research in Landscape Architecture provides guidance on the rationales needed for selecting methods and offers direction to help to frame and design academic research within the discipline. Over the last couple of decades the traditional orientation in landscape architecture as a field of professional practice has gradually been complemented by a growing focus on research. This book will help you to develop the connections between research, teaching and practice, to help you to build a common framework of theory and research methods. Bringing together contributions from landscape architects across the world, this book covers a broad range of research methodologies and examples to help you conduct research successfully. Also included is a study in which the editors discuss the most important priorities for the research within the discipline over the coming years. This book will provide a definitive path to developing research within landscape architecture.
A research frontier in landscape architecture: landscape performance and assessment of social benefits

This paper introduces a research frontier in landscape architecture landscape performance benefits assessment. In an initiative proposed by the Landscape Architecture Foundation (LAF) leading landscape architecture firms and academic institutions have been collaborating on studies that quantitatively assess environmental, economic and social benefits of high profile landscape design projects. This study describes the components and processes of LAF landscape performance research and specifically evaluates the status of social benefits assessment, a critical though under investigated aspect of landscape design sustainability. Using 58 published LAF case studies, the study examines to what extent social benefits are quantified compared with stated design goals, the benefits across the LAF case portfolio (e.g. per benefit category and project type) and methods and data options available to perform the analyses. Finally, the study provides suggestions on improving landscape performance research, particularly social benefits, in the enterprise of achieving evidence based designs that are anchored in quantitative performance measures.
A Landscape Architecture of Fire: Cultural Emergence and Ecological Pyrodiversity in Australia's Western Desert
Venue: Current Anthropology

Aboriginal foraging systems in Australia's Western Desert have been structured around landscape burning practices for millennia. These systems are mediated at one end by factors that influence an immediate return economy and at the other by the way that burning transforms vegetative succession and habitat heterogeneity (pyrodiversity) The distinctive pyrodiversity of anthropogenic landscapes are where Martu insist that they and their estates are conceived. These estates are transgenerational storehouses of relational wealth that operate in a delayed return ritual economy. These storehouses were ransacked by colonialism in the mid twentieth century, precipitating a collapse in the anthropogenic fire regime and a decline and extinction of many endemic species. Since returning to their homelands in the 1980s, Martu have reestablished a tight patchwork of vegetative succession and rescaled the landscape mosaic. Previous work has shown how the emergent ecological consequences of foraging and burning interact to create greater local diversity, increase landscape patchiness at massive spatial scales, and buffer against climate driven ecosystem disturbance. In this paper we explore how the rescaling of patch diversity through anthropogenic fire operates as a form of dynamic cultural and ecological niche construction shaping systems of sociality among people and their interactions with other species.
The Ethics Of Aristotle

Thank you for reading the ethics of aristotle. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this the ethics of aristotle, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their computer. the ethics of aristotle is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the ethics of aristotle is universally compatible with any devices to read.
Extraction of specific common genetic network of side effect pair, and prediction of side effects for a drug based on PPI network

In this study, we collect various side effect pairs which are appeared frequently at many drugs, and select side effect pairs that have higher severity. For every selected side effect pair, we extract common genetic networks which are shared by side effects' genes and drugs' target genes based on PPI(Protein Protein Interaction) network. For this work, firstly, we gather drug related data, side effect data and PPI data. Secondly, for extracting common genetic network, we find shortest paths between drug target genes and side effect genes based on PPI network, and integrate these shortest paths. Thirdly, we develop a classification model which uses this common genetic network as a classifier. We calculate similarity score between the common genetic network and genetic network of a drug for classifying the drug. Lastly, we validate our classification model by means of AUC(Area Under the Curve) value.
How to cite this article

Paper extracted from master's thesis "Prevalencia de Infeccoes Sexualmente Transmissiveis e de Alteracoes da Microbiota Vaginal e Fatores Associados em Mulheres que Fazem Sexo com Mulheres" presented to Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Supported by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) Brazil, grant #2015/04224 6. 1 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. 2 Universidade de Brasilia, Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Saude Escola, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and factors associated among women who have sex with women
The Effects of Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment on Air Transportation: Evidence from Turkey

The major goal of this research paper is to investigate the relationship among Turkish Economic growth, airway transportation and FDI. Several research results consistent with this papers finding and it has been founded that the economic growth plays a crucial role in air transportation by implementing econometrical models including Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Johansen co integration test and VAR model. The variables have been put into the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Johansen co integration test. According to the test result of Johansen co integration test there is a long term relationship between the variables of GDP, FDI and air transportation. According to the both variance decomposition and Impulse Response analysis, the effect of GDP is found to increase air transportation more than the FDI. Finally, the contribution of Turkish economy to civil aviation seems significant which is consistent with this paper's research results.
Empathy and universal values explicated by the empathy altruism hypothesis
Venue: The Journal of social psychology

Research reports that empathy is on the decline in present day society, together with an increasing trend in self enhancing values. Based on the empathy altruism hypothesis, we investigated whether these constructs are interlinked by analyzing the relationships between emotional and cognitive empathy and 10 universal values. In the first study, using a middle aged U.S. sample, the results showed that empathy was strongly and positively related to altruistic values and negatively to self enhancing values in a pattern that aligned with the empathy altruism hypothesis. In a second confirmation study, these findings were replicated and extended, while also controlling for the Big Five personality traits, to discount that empathy is only captured by basic personality. Only emotional empathy, not cognitive empathy, accounted for up to 18% additional variance in altruistic values, which further confirmed the emphasis on feelings, as postulated by the empathy altruism hypothesis.
A lifespan perspective on attachment and care for others: Empathy, altruism, and prosocial behavior

Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969/1982, 1973, 1980) is, at its core, a theory of prosocial behavior. It explains how, in early childhood, interactions with mindful, caring, and supportive parental figures "attachment figures" create and solidify children's positive mental representations of others (as competent, dependable, and well intentioned) their pervasive sense of safety and security, and their ability to recognize, acknowledge, and regulate emotions. The theory has been supported by decades of developmental research, summarized in this volume, which implies the existence of an intergenerational transmission of security (or insecurity) that potentially creates a continuing crossgenerational stream of prosocial behavior or its absence. The extension of the theory to some of the topics encountered in the broader psychological literature on prosocial behavior empathy, compassion, generosity, forgiveness, and altruism (Mikulincer Shaver, 2010, 2012) is quite natural, and in recent years it has been accomplished in studies of the prosocial behavior of children, adolescents, and adults. Our purpose in this chapter is to highlight attachment related research on prosocial behavior in different phases of the lifespan. We begin with a brief explanation of how the theory's basic concepts relate to prosocial attitudes, motives, emotions, and behavior. This explanation is summarized in a conceptual model of the association between parental sensitive responsiveness on one hand, and a child's empathy and prosocial behavior on the other, mediated by the child's attachment security, internal working models (IWMs) and effective emotion regulation. We follow the theoretical introduction with two major sections on prosocial emotions and behavior in childhood and in adulthood. We conclude the chapter with suggestions for future research involving children and adults.
Colorants in Health and Environmental Aspects

The environmental characteristics of colorants (dyes and pigments) cover the topics pertaining to the impact of such compounds on human health and the environment. Effluent aqueous waste containing dye compounds causes serious problems. Manufacture and use of synthetic dyes for fabric dyeing has therefore become a massive industry today. Consequently, they have become common industrial environmental pollutants during their synthesis and later during fiber dyeing. This is main requirement for the innovations in the related processes as well as the investigation of appropriate and environmentally friendly treatment technologies. Use of synthetic dyes has an adverse effect on all forms of life. Presence of sulphur, naphthol, vat dyes, nitrates, acetic acid, soaps, enzymes chromium compounds and heavy metals like copper, arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, and cobalt and certain auxiliary chemicals all collectively make the textile effluent highly toxic. Dyes have various effects on human health depending on the application area. Skin irritation and contact dermatitis have been reported for some synthetic dyes and the use of azo dyes made from carcinogenic amines has been banned by legislation in many countries. The researches on alternative and innovative wastewater treatment techniques have focused especially on the use of biological materials. Adsorbents such as activated carbon, zeolite and diatomite have been used as efficiently for cleaning by adsorption of colored wastewaters. In this chapter, a wide range of dyes and pigments are discussed in the context of green chemistry with environmental and health aspects by considering their negative results related with their use.
Development, implementation and evaluation of a clinical research engagement and leadership capacity building program in a large Australian health care service
Venue: BMC medical education

BackgroundHealth professionals need to be integrated more effectively in clinical research to ensure that research addresses clinical needs and provides practical solutions at the coal face of care. In light of limited evidence on how best to achieve this, evaluation of strategies to introduce, adapt and sustain evidence based practices across different populations and settings is required. This project aims to address this gap through the co design, development, implementation, evaluation, refinement and ultimately scale up of a clinical research engagement and leadership capacity building program in a clinical setting with little to no co ordinated approach to clinical research engagement and education. protocol is based on principles of research capacity building and on a six step framework, which have previously led to successful implementation and long term sustainability. A mixed methods study design will be used. Methods will include: (1) a review of the literature about strategies that engage health professionals in research through capacity building and/or education in research methods; (2) a review of existing local research education and support elements; (3) a needs assessment in the local clinical setting, including an online cross sectional survey and semi structured interviews; (4) co design and development of an educational and support program; (5) implementation of the program in the clinical environment; and (6) pre and post implementation evaluation and ultimately program scale up. The evaluation focuses on research activity and knowledge, attitudes and preferences about clinical research, evidence based practice and leadership and post implementation, about their satisfaction with the program. The investigators will evaluate the feasibility and effect of the program according to capacity building measures and will revise where appropriate prior to scale up.DiscussionIt is anticipated that this clinical research engagement and leadership capacity building program will enable and enhance clinically relevant research to be led and conducted by health professionals in the health setting. This approach will also encourage identification of areas of clinical uncertainty and need that can be addressed through clinical research within the health setting.