nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An Activity Index for Raw Accelerometry Data and Its Comparison with Other Activity Metrics
Venue: PloS one

Accelerometers have been widely deployed in public health studies in recent years. While they collect high resolution acceleration signals (e.g. 10 100 Hz) research has mainly focused on summarized metrics provided by accelerometers manufactures, such as the activity count (AC) by ActiGraph or Actical. Such measures do not have a publicly available formula, lack a straightforward interpretation, and can vary by software implementation or hardware type. To address these problems, we propose the physical activity index (AI) a new metric for summarizing raw tri axial accelerometry data. We compared this metric with the AC and another recently proposed metric for raw data, Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) against energy expenditure. The comparison was conducted using data from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, in which 194 women 60 91 years performed 9 lifestyle activities in the laboratory, wearing a tri axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+ on the hip set to 30 Hz and an Oxycon portable calorimeter, to record both tri axial acceleration time series (converted into AI, AC, and ENMO) and oxygen uptake during each activity (converted into metabolic equivalents (METs) at the same time. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that both AI and ENMO were more sensitive to moderate and vigorous physical activities than AC, while AI was more sensitive to sedentary and light activities than ENMO. AI had the highest coefficients of determination for METs (0.72) and was a better classifier of physical activity intensity than both AC (for all intensity levels) and ENMO (for sedentary and light intensity) The proposed AI provides a novel and transparent way to summarize densely sampled raw accelerometry data, and may serve as an alternative to AC. The AI's largely improved sensitivity on sedentary and light activities over AC and ENMO further demonstrate its advantage in studies with older adults.
EFL Indonesian Students' Attitude toward Writing in English

Writing is a sophisticated language skill since it requires the ability not only to tailor ideas, but also to construct acceptable sentences to create a meaningful, logical, and comprehensible work. As a result, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners have to maximize their efforts to put their thoughts on the paper.  The data was collected by using questionnaire, interview, and documentation of self reflection essay. The result shows that none of the students has low attitude in writing, while fifty eight percent of them has moderate attitude to writing, and the rest of them have positive attitude to writing. The result from the interview also reveals that although the students have moderate attitude to writing, they view writing as difficult, and stressful. While those who have high attitude, mostly view writing as interesting and challenging. The finding also reveals several efforts the students do to improve their writing skill, among others are practice writing, reading a lot for knowledge and ideas, and using diary writing. The implication of the finding is discussed.
Students' Satisfaction with a Blended Instructional Design: The Potential of "Flipped Classroom" in Higher Education

This paper aims to discuss the impact on promoting student satisfaction and improving their involvement in their own learning when applying a "Flipped classroom" design in a first year bilingual, English taught module in a non English speaking country. "World Economy" is taught in the Faculty of Business and Economics at a traditional, face to face (F2F) Spanish publicly funded institution, the University of Oviedo (Spain) It is a bilingual module, where English is the medium of instruction and evaluation to a cohort of Spanish speaking freshers. During 2013 14, the instructional designers implemented a "Flipped Classroom" design for this module: content delivery through videos in English of the different module topics, pre class questionnaires answered through the University Virtual Learning Environment, instructor mediation between students and content through mini lectures and Just in Time Teaching, student centred active learning approach for in class sessions, and individual practice combined with peer instruction mediated by the instructor. Therefore, the design targets module contents, skills practice and improvement of students' linguistic skills.
Beam Switching Antenna With a New Reconfigurable Frequency Selective Surface
Venue: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

In this letter, a design of a beam sweeping antenna using a new active frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. The active FSS is composed of a steerable hybrid element that allows the control of radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna. The design is composed of an active cylindrical FSS structure containing PIN diodes and is divided into 10 equal columns. This design contains a simple dipole that is located in the center and surrounded by a cylindrical active FSS. The beam sweeping of the antenna is produced by switching the PIN diodes between the on and off states. The antenna operates at 1.8 GHz and covers all azimuth angles in 10 steps with a maximum measured gain of 9.1 dBi. This beam switching antenna can be used in the base stations of wireless communication systems.
Prevalence of pathogenic free living amoeba and other protozoa in natural and communal piped tap water from Queen Elizabeth protected area, Uganda
Venue: Infectious Diseases of Poverty

BackgroundPathogenic water dwelling protozoa such as Acanthamoeba spp. Hartmannella spp. Naegleria spp. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are often responsible for devastating illnesses especially in children and immunocompromised individuals, yet their presence and prevalence in certain environment in sub Saharan Africa is still unknown to most researchers, public health officials and medical practitioners. The objective of this study was to establish the presence and prevalence of pathogenic free living amoeba (FLA) Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area (QEPA).MethodsSamples were collected from communal taps and natural water sites in QEPA. Physical water parameters were measured in situ. The samples were processed to detect the presence of FLA trophozoites by xenic cultivation, Cryptosporidium oocysts by Ziehl Neelsen stain and Giardia cysts by Zinc Sulphate floatation technique. Parasites were observed microscopically, identified, counted and recorded. For FLA, genomic DNA was extracted for amplification and sequencing.ResultsBoth natural and tap water sources were contaminated with FLA, Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. All protozoan parasites were more abundant in the colder rainy season except for Harmannella spp. and Naegleria spp. which occurred more in the warmer months. The prevalence of all parasites was higher in tap water than in natural water samples. There was a strong negative correlation between the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. Hartmannella spp. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. with Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (P 0.05) The presence of Cryptosporidium spp. showed a significant positive correlation (P 0.05) with conductivity, pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) whereas the presence of Giardia spp. had only a strong positive correlation with TDS. Molecular genotyping of FLA produced 7 Acanthamoeba, 5 Echinamoeba, 2 Hartmannella, 1 Bodomorpha, 1 Nuclearia and 1 Cercomonas partial sequences.ConclusionsAll water collection sites were found to be contaminated with pathogenic protozoa that could possibly be the cause of a number of silent morbidities and mortalities among rural households in QEPA. This implies that water used by communities in QEPA is of poor quality and predisposes them to a variety of protozoan infections including the FLA whose public health importance was never reported, thus necessitating adoption of proper water safety measures.
Construction Material Based Methodology for Military Contingency Base Construction: Case Study of Dhaka, Bangladesh

To sustain itself as the world's premier land power, the Army needs the capability to support expeditionary forces by projecting a minimal basing footprint with reduced logistical burdens. Strategically sited Contingency Bases (CBs) allow the Armys expeditionary forces to rapidly respond and attack the enemy throughout the joint area of operations (JOA) Strategic conditions will be analyzed through the lens of eight OE variables political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time (PMESII PT) The Army has neither a well grounded methodology nor the tools that enable this strategic decision making capability. Decision makers require reliable information about the situational dynamics of the operational environment to anticipate the impacts that siting and operating CBs will have on the local context, and to consider the effects of the sites on the operation of CBs. This capability to anticipate CB impacts and resources draws upon knowledge gleaned from the local population and becomes particularly important for engagement operations when CBs will have a longer duration of use and interaction with the local populace. This report considers access of building materials required for the construction of CBs and develops a methodology for strategically siting CBs that can be replicated in other locations throughout the world. This work then validates the developed methodology with a case study of Dhaka, Bangladesh.
GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS FOR IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY

Steganography is collection of methods to hide secret information "payload" within non secret information "container" Its counterpart, Steganalysis, is the practice of determining if a message contains a hidden payload, and recovering it if possible. Presence of hidden payloads is typically detected by a binary classifier. In the present study, we propose a new model for generating image like containers based on Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) This approach allows to generate more setganalysis secure message embedding using standard steganography algorithms. Experiment results demonstrate that the new model successfully deceives the steganography analyzer, and for this reason, can be used in steganographic applications.
Report on the National Eye Institute Audacious Goals Initiative: Regenerating the Optic Nerve
Venue: Investigative ophthalmology visual science

The National Eye Institute (NEI) hosted a workshop on November 19, 2014, as part of the Audacious Goals Initiative (AGI) an NEI led effort to rapidly expand therapies for eye diseases through coordinated research funding. The central audacious goal aims to demonstrate by 2025 the restoration of usable vision in humans through the regeneration of neurons and neural connections in the eye and visual system. This workshop focused on identifying promising strategies for optic nerve regeneration. Its principal objective was to solicit input on future AGI related funding announcements, and specifically to ask, where are we now in our scientific progress, and what progress should we reach for in the coming years? A full report was generated as a white paper posted on the NEI Web site; this report summarizes the discussion and outcomes from the meeting and serves as guidance for future funding of research that focuses on optic nerve regeneration.
Review of visual odometry: types, approaches, challenges, and applications
Venue: SpringerPlus

Accurate localization of a vehicle is a fundamental challenge and one of the most important tasks of mobile robots. For autonomous navigation, motion tracking, and obstacle detection and avoidance, a robot must maintain knowledge of its position over time. Vision based odometry is a robust technique utilized for this purpose. It allows a vehicle to localize itself robustly by using only a stream of images captured by a camera attached to the vehicle. This paper presents a review of state of the art visual odometry (VO) and its types, approaches, applications, and challenges. VO is compared with the most common localization sensors and techniques, such as inertial navigation systems, global positioning systems, and laser sensors. Several areas for future research are also highlighted.
Balance Improvement Effects of Biofeedback Systems with State of the Art Wearable Sensors: A Systematic Review
Venue: Sensors

Falls and fall induced injuries are major global public health problems. Balance and gait disorders have been the second leading cause of falls. Inertial motion sensors and force sensors have been widely used to monitor both static and dynamic balance performance. Based on the detected performance, instant visual, auditory, electrotactile and vibrotactile biofeedback could be provided to augment the somatosensory input and enhance balance control. This review aims to synthesize the research examining the effect of biofeedback systems, with wearable inertial motion sensors and force sensors, on balance performance. Randomized and non randomized clinical trials were included in this review. All studies were evaluated based on the methodological quality. Sample characteristics, device design and study characteristics were summarized. Most previous studies suggested that biofeedback devices were effective in enhancing static and dynamic balance in healthy young and older adults, and patients with balance and gait disorders. Attention should be paid to the choice of appropriate types of sensors and biofeedback for different intended purposes. Maximizing the computing capacity of the micro processer, while minimizing the size of the electronic components, appears to be the future direction of optimizing the devices. Wearable balance improving devices have their potential of serving as balance aids in daily life, which can be used indoors and outdoors.
Soft Robotic Blocks: Introducing SoBL, a Fast Build Modularized Design Block
Venue: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine

This article presents a new, modularized design concept based on a bottom up approach to assembly. This concept enables the structures and motions of soft robots to be rapidly revised to create new designs that can accomplish different tasks. We designed three basic types of pneumatically actuated soft modules, called soft robotic blocks (SoBL) that implement a single motion each (translation, bending, or twisting) which, when assembled, create structures capable of various motions. We introduce three types of connection mechanisms screw thread, push fitting, and bistable junction that can be used with any of the modules and that are designed to make for easy assembly and disassembly. Units were fabricated by multimaterial threedimensional (3 D) printing or silicone molding.
The Electric Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Recharging Stations
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

With the increase of public programs to encourage the use of electric vehicles and the shift of social reception towards so called energy efficient solutions the research in the field of vehicle routing using low emission vehicles has increased as well. We therefore introduce a new problem, the so called Electric Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EFSMVRPTW) The problem covers real world applications where an optimal mix of different available battery powered (and conventional) vehicles has to be found.
Plicosepalin A, a new antioxidant catechin gallic acid derivative of inositol from the mistletoe Plicosepalus curviflorus
Venue: Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. C, Journal of biosciences

Phytochemical investigation of the semi parasitic plant, Plicosepalus curviflorus (Loranthaceae) growing in Saudi Arabia resulted in the isolation of a new catechin gallic acid derivative of inositol, plicosepalin A (1) catechin 4' O (1' O galloyl 5' O methyl) myo inositol] along with seven known compounds: methyl gallate (2) catechin (3) quercetin (4) gallic acid (5) lupeol (6) b sitosterol (7) and ursolic acid (8) Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, ESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, and HMBC, as well as comparison with reported data. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of 1 were evaluated using 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the disc diffusion assay, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited potent free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 9.0 0.27 mM. Moreover, significant activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were recorded.
A new variety of Phlogacanthus curviflorus (Wall. Nees from Assam, India

The genus Phlogacanthus Nees placed under the tribe Andrographideae of the family Acanthaceae (Endlicher, 1839) and was established by Nees von Esenbeck and Christian Gottfried Daniel published in "Plantae Asiaticae Rariories" in 1832. The genus comprised of about 49 species and is confined to south East Asian countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Myanmar and Vietnam.  2000; Mabberley, 2008; Mc Dade et al. 2008) Clarke (1886) in Hooker's "Flora of British India" described 10 species and P. curviflorus var. brevicalyx C.B. Clarke as variety from Indian subcontinent. In India the genus is mainly reported from the Subtropical Himalayan belts up to 1500 m MSL and distributed in Meghalaya and Assam (Hooker, 1886) Kanjilal et al. (1939) reported 8 species from Assam. During field investigation for taxonomic studies of the genus Phlogacanthus Nees in Assam in 2014 2015 several interesting specimens were collected from Nagaon district of Assam. On perusal of relevant literature (Nees, 1832; Anderson, 1867; Kurz, 1877; Clarke, 1884) critical examination and scrutiny of specimens deposited in ASSAM (BSI, Eastern Regional Circle Shillong) K (Royal Botanic Gardens Kew) and Jstor global plants has resulted in identification of the specimens as P. curviflorus (Wall. Nees. However, the specimens differ from P. curviflorus in certain characters. Consulting the pertinent literature this specimens were identified as a new variety of P. curviflorus ( This paper describes this new variety as P. curviflorus (Wall. Nees. var. menchanensis Barnali Dutta S.K. Borthakur. Detailed taxonomic description along with other relevant information is provided herewith for easy recognition of the new taxon.
Computational Search for Two Dimensional MX2 Semiconductors with Possible High Electron Mobility at Room Temperature
Venue: Materials

Neither of the two typical two dimensional materials, graphene and single layer MoS2, are good enough for developing semiconductor logical devices. We calculated the electron mobility of 14 two dimensional semiconductors with composition of MX2, where M =Mo, W, Sn, Hf, Zr and Pt) are transition metals, and Xs are S, Se and Te. We approximated the electron phonon scattering matrix by deformation potentials, within which long wave longitudinal acoustical and optical phonon scatterings were included. Piezoelectric scattering in the compounds without inversion symmetry is also taken into account. We found that out of the 14 compounds, WS2, PtS2 and PtSe2 are promising for logical devices regarding the possible high electron mobility and finite band gap. Especially, the phonon limited electron mobility in PtSe2 reaches about 4000 cm2*V 1*s 1 at room temperature, which is the highest among the compounds with an indirect bandgap of about 1.25 eV under the local density approximation. Our results can be the first guide for experiments to synthesize better two dimensional materials for future semiconductor devices.
ZnO WS2 heterostructures for enhanced ultra violet photodetectors

Two dimensional (2D) materials have attracted wide attention due to their exotic properties. In particular, the lack of dangling bonds makes it possible to build highly lattice mismatched heterostructures composed of 2D materials and conventional semiconductors. Here, we report that by simply stacking a chemical vapor deposition grown monolayer WS2 film onto the surface of a room temperature sputtered ZnO film, significant enhanced ultra violet (UV) photoresponse can be achieved. In this heterostructure of ZnO WS2, the ZnO film acts as a light harvesting layer while the WS2 monolayer functions as a carrier transport layer which facilitates the photocarrier transport and reduces its recombination. Such a mechanism was confirmed by the observation of further photoresponsivity improvement of the ZnO WS2 heterostructure under vacuum which removes the surface absorbates and thereby increases the carrier mobility of WS2. The strategy presented here can be applied to other wide band gap semiconductors, shedding light on high sensitivity and flexible UV photodetectors based on van der Waals heterostructures.
The Cambridge Companion To William Blake

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The effect of web advertising visual design on online purchase intention: An examination across gender
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

With web advertising growing to be a huge industry, it is important to understand the effectiveness of web advertisement. In this study we investigate the effects of web advertising visual design (WAVD) purchasing intention within the framework of an integrated model. Nine hypotheses were developed and tested on a dataset of 316 observations collected via a questionnaire survey. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) indicate that while web advertising visual cues influence consumers' purchasing intention through advertising attitudes and brand attitudes, they do not have direct effects on purchasing intention. Further results on the moderating role of gender suggest that web advertising visual cues have direct effect on consumers' purchasing intention for male groups but not for female groups. This study contributes to the understanding the role of visual dimensions in forming online purchase intentions. A model of the effects of web advertising visual design (WAVD) is proposed.Structural equation model (SEM) is adopted to test the model.WAVD positively influences online purchase intention via attitudinal effects.Gender moderates the effect of WAVD on consumers' attitudes and purchase intention.