nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The continuous expansion of citizen participation: a new taxonomy
Venue: European Political Science Review

The repertoire of political participation in democratic societies is expanding rapidly and covers such different activities as voting, demonstrating, volunteering, boycotting, blogging, and flash mobs. Relying on a new method for conceptualizing forms and modes of participation we show that a large variety of creative, expressive, individualized, and digitally enabled forms of participation can be classified as parts of the repertoire of political participation. Results from an innovative survey with a representative sample of the German population demonstrate that old and new forms are systematically integrated into a multi dimensional taxonomy covering (1) voting, (2) digitally networked participation, (3) institutionalized participation, (4) protest, (5) civic participation, and (6) consumerist participation. Furthermore, the antecedents of consumerist, civic, and digitally networked participation, are very similar to those of older modes of participation such as protest and institutionalized participation. Whereas creative, expressive, and individualized modes appear to be expansions of protest activities, digitally networked forms clearly establish a new and distinct mode of political participation that fits in the general repertoire of political participation.
Logistics Cost Management from the Supply Chain Perspective

With the increasingly fierce market competition, China has more sound market economy system. Competition in the market price on the important position of the company is also increasing. It increases its profit source which can provide third party logistics services business. Third party logistics enterprises should put the customer requirements on an important position and meet the requirements of customers with the lowest prices. Our third party logistics companies should know as soon as possible about the process of supply chain operations, and actively involved, starting from its own characteristics. And our third party logistics companies control the entire supply chain from the perspective of the total cost of logistics companies. To accelerate the development of cost control and improvement, our third party logistics companies improve their competitiveness, become a very important sector of our economy and the development of new economic growth point, build closer cooperation between the various companies in the supply chain and achieve long term development.
Measuring and validating Islamic work value constructs: An empirical exploration using Malaysian samples

While research on work values has generated considerable scholarly attention, research on religiously oriented values, particularly on Islamic work values, has remained relatively limited in the extant literature. This paper attempts to address this lacuna by empirically measuring and validating the constructs of Islamic work value. The study adopted sequential exploratory mixed methods in which a quantitative research method was employed subsequent to qualitative methods in order to validate the psychometric properties of the Islamic work values' instrument. This study qualitatively validates 25 constructs of the 56 Islamic work values initially identified; of these, 13 constructs were quantitatively validated. Thus, this novel research contributes by establishing 13 Islamic work values in the literature, as well as developing an appropriate methodology for measuring and validating such Islamic work values. Finally, this paper identifies the limits of this study and suggests the potential areas of further research.
Combining chitinase C and N acetylhexosaminidase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) provides an efficient way to synthesize N acetylglucosamine from crystalline chitin.
Venue: Journal of biotechnology

The enzymatic bioconversion of chitin is of considerable interest for the natural production of bioactive compounds such as chitooligosaccharides and N acetyl d glucosamine (GlcNAc) Key enzymes are involved in the natural processing of chitin, hydrolyzing this abundant biopolymer to yield chitooligosaccharides with substantial value to the medicinal and biotechnological fields. In this study, chitinase C (ScChiC) from the soil bacterium and chitin decomposer Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) was expressed, purified and characterized. We also optimized a Streptomyces lividans system generating ScChiC expression yields nearly 500 fold higher than the previously reported heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme was found to be stable below 55degC for a broad range of pH values (pH 3.5 9) and exhibited high activity against chitin and chitooligosaccharides to form chitobiose (C2) as main product. Crab shell chitin hydrolysis profiles also revealed that ScChiC catalyzes the bioconversion of chitopolysaccharides through an endo nonprocessive mode of action. When combining ScChiC with an N acetylhexosaminidase from S. coelicolor A3(2) (ScHEX) in an assay using crude extracts and crystalline chitin as substrate, GlcNAc was generated as final product with a yield over 90% after 8h incubation. This chitin hydrolysis yield represents one of the most efficient enzyme bioconversion of chitopolysaccharides to GlcNAc characterized to date, making the S. coelicolor ScChiC ScHEX pair a potentially suitable contender for the viable industrial production of this important bioactive compound.
Changes in O Linked N Acetylglucosamine (O GlcNAc) Homeostasis Activate the p53 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells*
Venue: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

O GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post translational modification consisting of the addition of a single N acetylglucosamine sugar to serine and threonine residues in proteins by the enzyme O linked b N acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) whereas the enzyme O GlcNAcase (OGA) removes the modification. In cancer, tumor samples present with altered O GlcNAcylation; however, changes in O GlcNAcylation are not consistent between tumor types. Interestingly, the tumor suppressor p53 is modified by O GlcNAc, and most solid tumors contain mutations in p53 leading to the loss of p53 function. Because ovarian cancer has a high frequency of p53 mutation rates, we decided to investigate the relationship between O GlcNAcylation and p53 function in ovarian cancer. We measured a significant decrease in O GlcNAcylation of tumor tissue in an ovarian tumor microarray. Furthermore, O GlcNAcylation was increased, and OGA protein and mRNA levels were decreased in ovarian tumor cell lines not expressing the protein p53. Treatment with the OGA inhibitor Thiamet G (TMG) silencing of OGA, or overexpression of OGA and OGT led to p53 stabilization, increased nuclear localization, and increased protein and mRNA levels of p53 target genes. These data suggest that changes in O GlcNAc homeostasis activate the p53 pathway. Combination treatment of the chemotherapeutic cisplatin with TMG decreased tumor cell growth and enhanced cell cycle arrest without impairing cytotoxicity. The effects of TMG on tumor cell growth were partially dependent on wild type p53 activation. In conclusion, changes in O GlcNAc homeostasis activate the wild type p53 pathway in ovarian cancer cells, and OGA inhibition has the potential as an adjuvant treatment for ovarian carcinoma.
Effects of missing data on topological inference using a Total Evidence approach.
Venue: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution

To fully understand macroevolutionary patterns and processes, we need to include both extant and extinct species in our models. This requires phylogenetic trees with both living and fossil taxa at the tips. One way to infer such phylogenies is the Total Evidence approach which uses molecular data from living taxa and morphological data from living and fossil taxa. Although the Total Evidence approach is very promising, it requires a great deal of data that can be hard to collect. Therefore this method is likely to suffer from missing data issues that may affect its ability to infer correct phylogenies. Here we use simulations to assess the effects of missing data on tree topologies inferred from Total Evidence matrices. We investigate three major factors that directly affect the completeness and the size of the morphological part of the matrix: the proportion of living taxa with no morphological data, the amount of missing data in the fossil record, and the overall number of morphological characters in the matrix. We infer phylogenies from complete matrices and from matrices with various amounts of missing data, and then compare missing data topologies to the "best" tree topology inferred using the complete matrix. We find that the number of living taxa with morphological characters and the overall number of morphological characters in the matrix, are more important than the amount of missing data in the fossil record for recovering the "best" tree topology. Therefore, we suggest that sampling effort should be focused on morphological data collection for living species to increase the accuracy of topological inference in a Total Evidence framework. Additionally, we find that Bayesian methods consistently outperform other tree inference methods. We therefore recommend using Bayesian consensus trees to fix the tree topology prior to further analyses.
Benefits of essential oil

Essential oil are very important and widely used since early times. The important role and mode of action of these naturally occurring products is discussed with regards to its bioactivity as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and diabetic. Also its important role in chemoprevention and cancer suppression is discussed. The therapeutic properties of essential oils in aroma will be outlined. All these functions and its properties are due to the presence of certain constituents which are discussed in this review along with their chemical structures.
The Predict Study: low risk for digital ulcer development in patients with systemic sclerosis with increasing disease duration and lack of topoisomerase 1 antibodies
Venue: The British journal of dermatology

Digital ulcers (DUs) pose a significant clinical problem in systemic sclerosis (SSc) having a major impact on patients' quality of life and ability to work. DUs are extremely painful, slow to heal and difficult to treat. The conditions for the development of DUs, including both risk factors and protective factors, are only partially understood. It is known that among patients with SSc, 15 25% have active DUs. The percentage of patients with SSc who have or have had DUs in the past varies considerably, from 35% to 65% Most of the clinical studies that have investigated clinical risk factors for DU development have used a cross sectional design, in which a considerable number of patients (25 35% did not have current DUs or a history of prior DUs. Of interest, in the cohort of the German registry the prevalence of DUs during follow up did not change, whereas the prevalence of other organ involvement increased substantially over time (Moinzadeh et al. and unpublished observation) To date it is not known what percentage of patients with SSc will develop DUs during further disease evolution. The current study had a multicentre, observational design. All of the patients met the classification criteria as having limited cutaneous SSc or diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria of SSc and the LeRoy criteria. A small number of patients had symptoms compatible with overlap SSc. Patients had either current active DU (cohort 1) reliably documented SSc related DU in the past (cohort 2) or no current active DU and no prior history of DU (cohort 3) Patients in cohort 3 were followed up at months 6, 12, 18 and 24 for the development of DU. Active DUs were defined as a loss of both epidermis and dermis in an area of at least 2 mm diameter at the distal phalanx of the fingers but not over bony prominences, encompassing the palmar (volar) area. The study was planned to be concluded
Integrating Molecular Profiling of Liquid Biopsy Samples with a Calculator Algorithm To Detect High risk Prostate Cancer.
Venue: European urology

Accurate identification of patients with early prostate cancer warranting treatment with curative intent remains problematic, with various approaches proposed to detect the presence of high risk disease. In this issue of European Urology, Van Neste et al  report findings for an approach in which two mRNA markers, homeobox genes HOXC6 and DLX1, are combined with traditional clinical risk factors used in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PRCPT) risk calculator. This group previously identified these genes and used them with TDRD1 in a urinary three gene panel that had higher accuracy than PCA3 or serum prostate specific antigen (PSA)  in predicting prostate cancer (Gleason score [2_TD$DIFF] 7) Two sequential multicentre clinical trials undertaken from 2009 to 2014 in The Netherlands included 519 men in a training cohort and 386 in a validation cohort. Expression levels ofHOXC6 and DLX1mRNA combined with serum PSA, PSA density, digital rectal examination (DRE) age, and family history yielded an overall area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 0.95) for the validation cohort (AUC 0.86 for the training cohort) The authors determined that serum PSA, family history, and age were no longer significant predictorswhenHOXC6 andDLX1 were included. Interestingly, addition of the commercial Progensa PCA3 previously promoted by this group did not improve predictability. The authors are to be congratulated for their approach in developing a well established calculator by incorporating molecular profiling in a clinician friendly manner for potential routine use. Because of the very promising findings reported here, it is expected that these markers
Fasting is not routinely required for determination of a lipid profile: clinical and laboratory implications including flagging at desirable concentration cut points a joint consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Med
Venue: European heart journal

To critically evaluate the clinical implications of the use of non fasting rather than fasting lipid profiles and to provide guidance for the laboratory reporting of abnormal non fasting or fasting lipid profiles.  Extensive observational data, in which random non fasting lipid profiles have been compared with those determined under fasting conditions, indicate that the maximal mean changes at 1 6 h after habitual meals are not clinically significant +0.3 mmol/L (26 mg/dL) for triglycerides; 0.2 mmol/L (8 mg/dL) for total cholesterol; 0.2 mmol/L (8 mg/dL) for LDL cholesterol; +0.2 mmol/L (8 mg/dL) for calculated remnant cholesterol; 0.2 mmol/L (8 mg/dL) for calculated non HDL cholesterol] concentrations of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a) are not affected by fasting/non fasting status. In addition, non fasting and fasting concentrations vary similarly over time and are comparable in the prediction of cardiovascular disease. To improve patient compliance with lipid testing, we therefore recommend the routine use of non fasting lipid profiles, while fasting sampling may be considered when non fasting triglycerides >5 mmol/L (440 mg/dL) For non fasting samples, laboratory reports should flag abnormal concentrations as triglycerides =2 mmol/L (175 mg/dL) total cholesterol =5 mmol/L (190 mg/dL) LDL cholesterol =3 mmol/L (115 mg/dL) calculated remnant cholesterol =0.9 mmol/L (35 mg/dL) calculated non HDL cholesterol =3.9 mmol/L (150 mg/dL) HDL cholesterol =1 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) apolipoprotein A1 =1.25 g/L (125 mg/dL) apolipoprotein B =1.0 g/L (100 mg/dL) and lipoprotein(a) =50 mg/dL (80th percentile) for fasting samples, abnormal concentrations correspond to triglycerides =1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dL) Life threatening concentrations require separate referral when triglycerides >10 mmol/L (880 mg/dL) for the risk of pancreatitis, LDL cholesterol >13 mmol/L (500 mg/dL) for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, LDL cholesterol >5 mmol/L (190 mg/dL) for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia, and lipoprotein(a) >150 mg/dL (99th percentile) for very high cardiovascular risk.  We recommend that non fasting blood samples be routinely used for the assessment of plasma lipid profiles. Laboratory reports should flag abnormal values on the basis of desirable concentration cut points. Non fasting and fasting measurements should be complementary but not mutually exclusive.
Fasting, Circadian Rhythms, and Time Restricted Feeding in Healthy Lifespan.
Venue: Cell metabolism

Most animals alternate periods of feeding with periods of fasting often coinciding with sleep. Upon >24 hr of fasting, humans, rodents, and other mammals enter alternative metabolic phases, which rely less on glucose and more on ketone body like carbon sources. Both intermittent and periodic fasting result in benefits ranging from the prevention to the enhanced treatment of diseases. Similarly, time restricted feeding (TRF) in which food consumption is restricted to certain hours of the day, allows the daily fasting period to last >12 hr, thus imparting pleiotropic benefits. Understanding the mechanistic link between nutrients and the fasting benefits is leading to the identification of fasting mimicking diets (FMDs) that achieve changes similar to those caused by fasting. Given the pleiotropic and sustained benefits of TRF and FMDs, both basic science and translational research are warranted to develop fasting associated interventions into feasible, effective, and inexpensive treatments with the potential to improve healthspan.
Nursing assessment of continuous vital sign surveillance to improve patient safety on the medical/surgical unit
Venue: Journal of clinical nursing

Evaluate continuous vital sign surveillance as a tool to improve patient safety in the medical/surgical unit.  Failure to rescue is an important measure of hospital quality. Patient deterioration is often preceded by changes in vital signs. However, continuous multi parameter vital sign monitoring may decrease patient safety with an abundance of unnecessary alarms.  Prospective observational study at two geographically disperse hospitals in a single hospital system.  A multi parameter vital sign monitoring system was installed in a medical/surgical unit in Utah and one in Alabama providing continuous display of SpO2, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate on a central station. Alarm thresholds and time to alert annunciations were set based on prior analysis of the distribution of each vital sign. At the end of 4 weeks, nurses completed a survey on their experience. An average alert per patient, per day was determined retrospectively from the saved vital signs data and knowledge of the alarm settings.  Ninety two per cent of the nurses agreed that the number of alarms and alerts were appropriate; 54% strongly agreed. On average, both units experienced 10*8 alarms per patient, per day. One hundred per cent agreed the monitor provided valuable patient data that increased patient safety; 79% strongly agreed.  Continuous, multi parameter patient monitoring could be performed on medical/surgical units with a small and appropriate level of alarms. Continuous vital sign assessment may have initiated nursing interventions that prevented failure to rescue events. Nurses surveyed unanimously agreed that continuous vital sign surveillance will help enhance patient safety. Relevance to clinical practice Nursing response to abnormal vital signs is one of the most important levers in patient safety, by providing timely recognition of early clinical deterioration. This occurs through diligent nursing surveillance, involving assessment, interpretation of data, recognition of a problem and meaningful response.
High speed three dimensional shape measurement using GOBO projection

A projector which uses a rotating slide structure to project aperiodic sinusoidal fringe patterns at high frame rates and with high radiant flux is introduced. It is used in an optical three dimensional (3D) sensor based on coded light projection, thus allowing the analysis of fast processes. Measurements of an inflating airbag, a rope skipper, and a soccer ball kick at a 3D frame rate of more than 1300 independent point clouds per second are presented.
GOBO projection based high speed three dimensional shape measurement
Venue: Commercial Scientific Sensing and Imaging

Pattern projection based three dimensional (3 D) measurement systems are well established in various application fields. However, for some time, there has been an increasing demand in terms of a higher measurement speed in order to analyze fast processes. We introduce a GOBO slide based projector (GOes Before Optics) providing high speed, high radiant flux, and eye safe incoherent light at low cost. We present its setup as well as the generation and change of the projected patterns. We explain the 3 D measurement principle and show first measurements of an inflating airbag and a rope skipper conducted at a 3 D frame rate of more than 1.3 kHz.
Dynamic response of proton exchange membrane fuel cell under mechanical vibration

The dynamic response of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under mechanical vibration is an important criterion in the application to automotive systems. The effect of mechanical vibration on dynamic response was investigated on an automobile vibrating platform. The PEMFC voltage was acquired according to the current density change under a variety of amplitude, frequency and air stoichiometry. Furthermore, liquid water formation and transport were investigated under the mechanical vibration by employing a transparent PEMFC. The results show that a new steady state of the voltage under vibration and no vibration take about 50s and 20s respectively after the current density step. The PEMFC dynamic performance was slightly improved under amplitude at 4 mm, compared to operation at no vibration. Also, the voltage fluctuation was detected under the vibration, the small droplets merged into larger droplets is due to the sudden vibration. These larger droplets interfere with the mass transfer process in the gas channels.
Widespread contamination of wildflower and bee collected pollen with complex mixtures of neonicotinoids and fungicides commonly applied to crops.
Venue: Environment international

There is considerable and ongoing debate as to the harm inflicted on bees by exposure to agricultural pesticides. In part, the lack of consensus reflects a shortage of information on field realistic levels of exposure. Here, we quantify concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides and fungicides in the pollen of oilseed rape, and in pollen of wildflowers growing near arable fields. We then compare this to concentrations of these pesticides found in pollen collected by honey bees and in pollen and adult bees sampled from bumble bee colonies placed on arable farms. We also compared this with levels found in bumble bee colonies placed in urban areas. Pollen of oilseed rape was heavily contaminated with a broad range of pesticides, as was the pollen of wildflowers growing nearby. Consequently, pollen collected by both bee species also contained a wide range of pesticides, notably including the fungicides carbendazim, boscalid, flusilazole, metconazole, tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin and the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam, thiacloprid and imidacloprid. In bumble bees, the fungicides carbendazim, boscalid, tebuconazole, flusilazole and metconazole were present at concentrations up to 73nanogram/gram (ng/g) It is notable that pollen collected by bumble bees in rural areas contained high levels of the neonicotinoids thiamethoxam (mean 18ng/g) and thiacloprid (mean 2.9ng/g) along with a range of fungicides, some of which are known to act synergistically with neonicotinoids. Pesticide exposure of bumble bee colonies in urban areas was much lower than in rural areas. Understanding the effects of simultaneous exposure of bees to complex mixtures of pesticides remains a major challenge.