nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
'You're never making just one decision' exploring the lived experiences of ambulance Emergency Operations Centre personnel
Venue: Emergency Medicine Journal

The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of ambulance dispatch personnel, identifying key stressors and their impact on staff well being.  Qualitative methodology was used. Nine semistructured interviews were conducted with National Health Service (NHS) ambulance Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) dispatch personnel in the UK between July and August 2014. Participants were asked about their experiences of the role, stress experienced and current strategies they use to deal with stress. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive, bottom up thematic analysis.  Three key themes were identified: (1) 'How dispatch is perceived by others' (2) 'What dispatch really involves' and (3) 'Dealing with the stresses of dispatch' All participants expressed pride in their work, but felt overloaded by the workload and undervalued by others. Several sources of additional stress, not directly related to the execution of their work, were identified, including the need to mentally unwind from work at the end of a shift. Participants were able to identify a number of ways in which they currently manage work related stress, but they also suggested changes the organisation could put in place in order to reduce stress in the working environment.  Building on existing theory on work stress and postwork recovery, it was concluded that EOC dispatch staff require greater support at work, including skills training to promote postshift recovery, in order to reduce the likelihood of sickness absence, and prevent work related fatigue.
Transformational Resilience: How Building Human Resilience to Climate Disruption Can Safeguard Society and Increase Wellbeing

Activities: 5 minutes a Day www.thomashuebl.com/en/home/650 start en 5mad.html 350.org trainings.350.org Active Hope: How to Face the Mess We're In Without Going Crazy Joanna Macy Is This How You Feel? www.isthishowyoufeel.com/ People's Climate Curriculum Contact lauriebaumgarten@gmail.com 21 17"x 11" visual and textual placards, which present essential climate information, and are used as discussion prompts in the small group conversations that are apart of our 90 minute workshop. PlaceIt! James Rojas, Urban Planner, exercise www.placeit.org/about.html Transformational Resilience: How Building Human Resilience to Climate Disruption Can Safeguard Society and Increase Wellbeing Bob Doppelt UMass Amherst Talking Truth: Finding Your Voice Around the Climate Crisis blogs.umass.edu/talkingtruth
'More than human' resilience(s) Enhancing community in Finnish forest farms

Community resilience is widely understood as a critical element in the relatively under explored concept of social resilience. Through engaging with 'more than human' literatures, a more expansive view of the 'social' emerges, which repositions individuals as networked and agency as relational. This moves resilience away from its hegemonic positioning as a neoliberal strategy of individualisation and responsibilisation, with it instead emerging as an everyday 'doing' embedded in the human and non human networks of relationality that we form and are formed by. The paper develops this socio cultural conceptualisation through an original and empirically grounded discussion of Finnish farm communities and the role of the forest in developing, maintaining and enhancing these essential, connective assemblages. Resilience becomes conceptualised as dynamic, uneven, multiple and contextual performances or resiliences. While this further problematizes the comparative measurement and operationalisation of resilience, its networked and relational nature arguably offers a more inclusive and ethically grounded concept that, furthermore, negates the socio ecological divide that persists in resilience thinking.
Layer Normalization
Venue: ArXiv

Training state of the art, deep neural networks is computationally expensive. One way to reduce the training time is to normalize the activities of the neurons. A recently introduced technique called batch normalization uses the distribution of the summed input to a neuron over a mini batch of training cases to compute a mean and variance which are then used to normalize the summed input to that neuron on each training case. This significantly reduces the training time in feedforward neural networks. However, the effect of batch normalization is dependent on the mini batch size and it is not obvious how to apply it to recurrent neural networks. In this paper, we transpose batch normalization into layer normalization by computing the mean and variance used for normalization from all of the summed inputs to the neurons in a layer on a single training case. Like batch normalization, we also give each neuron its own adaptive bias and gain which are applied after the normalization but before the non linearity. Unlike batch normalization, layer normalization performs exactly the same computation at training and test times. It is also straightforward to apply to recurrent neural networks by computing the normalization statistics separately at each time step. Layer normalization is very effective at stabilizing the hidden state dynamics in recurrent networks. Empirically, we show that layer normalization can substantially reduce the training time compared with previously published techniques.
International Consensus on Allergen Immunotherapy II: Mechanisms, standardization, and pharmacoeconomics.
Venue: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

This article continues the comprehensive international consensus (ICON) statement on allergen immunotherapy (AIT) The initial article also recently appeared in the Journal. The conclusions below focus on key mechanisms of AIT triggered tolerance, requirements in allergen standardization, AIT cost effectiveness, and regulatory guidance. Potential barriers to and facilitators of the use of AIT are described in addition to future directions. International allergy specialists representing the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma Immunology; the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; and the World Allergy Organization critically reviewed the existing literature and prepared this summary of recommendations for best AIT practice. The authors contributed equally and reached consensus on the statements presented herein.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in diabetes: patient populations, safety, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomics
Venue: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

The level of glycaemic control necessary to achieve optimal short term and long term outcomes in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) typically requires intensified insulin therapy using multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. For continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, the insulins of choice are the rapid acting insulin analogues, insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glulisine. The advantages of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion over multiple daily injections in adult and paediatric populations with T1DM include superior glycaemic control, lower insulin requirements and better health related quality of life/patient satisfaction. An association between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and reduced hypoglycaemic risk is more consistent in children/adolescents than in adults. The use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is widely recommended in both adult and paediatric T1DM populations but is limited in pregnant patients and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All available rapid acting insulin analogues are approved for use in adult, paediatric and pregnant populations. However, minimum patient age varies (insulin lispro: no minimum; insulin aspart: =2 years; insulin glulisine: =6 years) and experience in pregnancy ranges from extensive (insulin aspart, insulin lispro) to limited (insulin glulisine) Although more expensive than multiple daily injections, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is cost effective in selected patient groups. This comprehensive review focuses on the European situation and summarises evidence for the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, particularly when used with rapid acting insulin analogues, in adult, paediatric and pregnant populations. The review also discusses relevant European guidelines; reviews issues that surround use of this technology; summarises the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on patients' health related quality of life; reviews relevant pharmacoeconomic data; and discusses recent advances in pump technology, including the development of closed loop 'artificial pancreas' systems.
Discretely Integrated Condition Event (DICE) Simulation for Pharmacoeconomics
Venue: PharmacoEconomics

Several decision analytic modeling techniques are in use for pharmacoeconomic analyses. Discretely integrated condition event (DICE) simulation is proposed as a unifying approach that has been deliberately designed to meet the modeling requirements in a straightforward transparent way, without forcing assumptions (e.g. only one transition per cycle) or unnecessary complexity. At the core of DICE are conditions that represent aspects that persist over time. They have levels that can change and many may coexist. Events reflect instantaneous occurrences that may modify some conditions or the timing of other events. The conditions are discretely integrated with events by updating their levels at those times. Profiles of determinant values allow for differences among patients in the predictors of the disease course. Any number of valuations (e.g. utility, cost, willingness to pay) of conditions and events can be applied concurrently in a single run. A DICE model is conveniently specified in a series of tables that follow a consistent format and the simulation can be implemented fully in MS Excel, facilitating review and validation. DICE incorporates both state transition (Markov) models and non resource constrained discrete event simulation in a single formulation; it can be executed as a cohort or a microsimulation; and deterministically or stochastically.
Imaginary Worlds: Modeled claims for cost effectiveness published in PharmacoEconomics January 2015 to December 2015

The purpose of this review is to assess whether or not economic evaluation studies published in PharmacoEconomics in 2015 meet the standards of normal science. Two questions are key to the assessment: (i) did the authors attempt to generate testable claims as to the impact of the pharmaceutical product in health care systems and (ii) did the authors suggest how the claims might be evaluated? A total of 31 studies were evaluated, including 14 research articles, 8 systematic reviews and 9 reviews. Although the majority of the studies met recommended standards for cost effectiveness analysis, none met the standards of normal science. They were best categorized as imaginary worlds or thought experiments. The reader has no idea whether the claims for the products are right or even if they were wrong. Journal editors have two options: (i) require authors to submit cost effectiveness claims that are evaluable with a protocol suggesting how the claim may be evaluated or (ii) continue to publish non evaluable cost effectiveness claims but insist authors indicate that the claims are non evaluable. Conflict of Interest None Type:
International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Comments on the American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

As members of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, we read with great interest the new American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conceptual framework to assess the value of cancer treatment  We applaud the Value in Cancer Care Task Force for proposing a conceptual framework to support clinicians and patients in assessing the value of new cancer treatments. We acknowledge the challenges facing clinician patient decision making, particularly concerning cancer treatments. Like ASCO, we recognize that the cost of treatments is increasingly being placed on patients through cost sharing and that engaging patients as part of making individual treatment decisions is of high importance. The ASCO framework highlights the growing tension among patients, insurance companies, and product manufacturers in a dynamic health care environment. In that light, the framework deserves a field test, and we look forward to seeing the outcome of that experience. We also appreciate the opportunity to offer comments and suggestions on the ASCO framework at this early stage, and our membership stands ready to support ASCO in future enhancements.
Pharmacoeconomics of Biosimilars: What Is There to Gain from Them?
Venue: Current Rheumatology Reports

Despite representing a breakthrough in the treatment of immune mediated rheumatic diseases, the direct costs of biotechnological therapies represent a burden to healthcare budgets worldwide. Furthermore, several studies demonstrated that socioeconomically constrained countries have poorer access to these therapies and this has consequences on the optimal management of rheumatic patients. Experience with small peptide biosimilars like filgrastim and epoetin confirmed significant cost savings but revealed variable market uptake. In this report, we summarize the available budget impact models and discuss possible determinants of the pharmacoeconomic performance of antirheumatic biosimilar drugs.
Virtualized Reality using Depth Camera Point Clouds

1. Izadi, S. Kim, Hilliges, O. Molyneaux, D. Newcombe, R. Kohli, P. Fitzgibbon, A. (2011) KinectFusion: real time 3D reconstruction and interaction using a moving depth camera. Proceedings of the 24th Annual ACM User Interface Software and Technology Symposium UIST '11, 559 568. http:/doi.org/10.1145/2047196.2047270 2. Kanade, T. Narayanan, P. J. (2007) Virtualized reality: Perspectives on 4D digitization of dynamic events.  Computer Graphics and Applications, 27(3) 32 40.  (1997) Virtualized reality: Constructing virtual worlds from real scenes.  Multimedia, 4(1) 34 47. http:/doi.org/10.1109/93.580394 Bring the real world into VR in real time and make it interactable
[INVITED] State of the art of Brillouin fiber optic distributed sensing

Fiber optic distributed sensing, employing the Brillouin effect, is already a commercially available measurement technique for the accurate estimation of the static strain/temperature fields along tens of kilometers with a spatial resolution of the order of a meter. Furthermore, relentless research efforts are paving the way to even much wider usability of the technique through recently achieved enhanced performance in each of its critical dimensions: measurement range has been extended to hundreds of kilometers; spatial resolution is of the order of a centimeter or less, signal to noise ratio has been significantly improved; fast dynamic events can be captured at kHz's sampling rates; and a much better understanding of the underlying physics has been obtained, along with the formulation of figures of merit, and the preparation and early adoption of appropriate standards and guidelines. This paper describes the basics, as well as the state of the art, of the leading Brillouin interrogation methods, with emphasis on the significant progress made in the last 3 years. It also includes a short introduction to coding, which has proven instrumental in many of the recently obtained performance records.
Overview of Fiber Optic Sensor Technologies for Strain/Temperature Sensing Applications in Composite Materials
Venue: Sensors

This paper provides an overview of the different types of fiber optic sensors (FOS) that can be used with composite materials and also their compatibility with and suitability for embedding inside a composite material. An overview of the different types of FOS used for strain/temperature sensing in composite materials is presented. Recent trends, and future challenges for FOS technology for condition monitoring in smart composite materials are also discussed. This comprehensive review provides essential information for the smart materials industry in selecting of appropriate types of FOS in accordance with end user requirements.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for Vibration Detection
Venue: Sensors

Distributed fiber optic vibration sensors receive extensive investigation and play a significant role in the sensor panorama. Optical parameters such as light intensity, phase, polarization state, or light frequency will change when external vibration is applied on the sensing fiber. In this paper, various technologies of distributed fiber optic vibration sensing are reviewed, from interferometric sensing technology, such as Sagnac, Mach Zehnder, and Michelson, to backscattering based sensing technology, such as phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, polarization optical time domain reflectometer, optical frequency domain reflectometer, as well as some combinations of interferometric and backscattering based techniques. Their operation principles are presented and recent research efforts are also included. Finally, the applications of distributed fiber optic vibration sensors are summarized, which mainly include structural health monitoring and perimeter security, etc. Overall, distributed fiber optic vibration sensors possess the advantages of large scale monitoring, good concealment, excellent flexibility, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, and thus show considerable potential for a variety of practical applications.
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) based all fiber optic humidity sensor.
Venue: Optics express

We demonstrate a novel all fiber optic humidity sensor comprised of a WS2 film overlay on a side polished fiber (SPF) This sensor can achieve optical power variation of up to 6 dB in a relative humidity (RH) range of 35% 85% In particular, this novel humidity fiber sensor has a linear correlation coefficient of 99.39% sensitivity of 0.1213 dB/%RH, and a humidity resolution of 0.475%RH. Furthermore, this sensor shows good repeatability and reversibility, and fast response to breath stimulus. This WS2 based all fiber optic humidity sensor is easy to fabricate, is compatible with pre established fiber optic systems, and holds great potential in photonics applications such as in all fiber optic humidity sensing networks.
Paradigmenwechsel im Vertrieb Konsequenzen neuer Technologien fur das Kundenmanagement

Die Technologisierung bzw. Digitalisierung hat den Vertrieb massiv verandert: Ablaufe sind heute effizienter, Kundeninsights vertiefter und die Kommunikation digitaler als noch vor wenigen Jahren. Player aus ganzlich fremden Branchen treten auf den Plan. Neue Vertriebswege und Geschaftsmodelle sind durch neue Technologien erwachsen. Dass hierbei der Kunde nicht auf der Strecke bleibt, ist vordergrundigstes Ziel beim Einsatz jeder neuen Entwicklung. Was selbstverstandlich klingt, ist in der Umsetzung haufig mit grosen Herausforderungen verbunden. Seien es verkannte Auswirkungen auf die Markenfuhrung, mangelnde Akzeptanz neuer Technologien durch die eigenen Mitarbeiter, Datenschutzanforderungen oder der falsche Umgang mit sozialen Medien: Digitalisierung im Vertrieb will gelernt sein.
Analysis of large scale tablet coating: Modeling, simulation and experiments.
Venue: European journal of pharmaceutical sciences official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

This work concerns a tablet coating process in an industrial scale drum coater. We set up a full scale Design of Simulation Experiment (DoSE) using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to investigate the influence of various process parameters (the spray rate, the number of nozzles, the rotation rate and the drum load) on the coefficient of inter tablet coating variation (cv,inter) The coater was filled with up to 290kg of material, which is equivalent to 1,028,369 tablets. To mimic the tablet shape, the glued sphere approach was followed, and each modeled tablet consisted of eight spheres. We simulated the process via the eXtended Particle System (XPS) proving that it is possible to accurately simulate the tablet coating process on the industrial scale. The process time required to reach a uniform tablet coating was extrapolated based on the simulated data and was in good agreement with experimental results. The results are provided at various levels of details, from thorough investigation of the influence that the process parameters have on the cv,inter and the amount of tablets that visit the spray zone during the simulated 90s to the velocity in the spray zone and the spray and bed cycle time. It was found that increasing the number of nozzles and decreasing the spray rate had the highest influence on the cv,inter. Although increasing the drum load and the rotation rate increased the tablet velocity, it did not have a relevant influence on the cv,inter and the process time.
An Autonomous Network Aware VM Migration Strategy in Cloud Data Centres
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Cloud and Autonomic Computing (ICCAC)

Live virtual machine migration can have a major impact on how a cloud system performs, as it can consume significant amounts of network resources such as bandwidth. A virtual machine migration occurs when a host becomes over utilised or under utilised. Migration contributes to an increase in consumption of network resources which leads to longer migration times and ultimately has a detrimental effect on the performance of a cloud system. In this paper, we propose an autonomous network aware virtual machine migration strategy that observes the current demand level of a network and performs appropriate actions based on what it is experiencing. The Artificial Intelligence technique known as Reinforcement Learning acts as a decision support system, enabling an agent to learn an optimal time to schedule a virtual machine migration depending on the current network traffic demand. We show that an autonomous agent can learn to utilise available network resources when network saturation occurs at peak times.