nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD L1) in human pituitary tumors
Venue: Oncotarget

Subsets of pituitary tumors exhibit an aggressive clinical courses and recur despite surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Because modulation of the immune response through inhibition of T cell checkpoints has led to durable clinical responses in multiple malignancies, we explored whether pituitary adenomas express immune related biomarkers that could suggest suitability for immunotherapy. Specifically, programmed death ligand 1 (PD L1) has emerged as a potential biomarker whose expression may portend more favorable responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapies. We thus investigated the expression of PD L1 in pituitary adenomas.  PD L1 RNA and protein expression were evaluated in 48 pituitary tumors, including functioning and non functioning adenomas as well as atypical and recurrent tumors. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte populations were also assessed by immunohistochemistry.  Pituitary tumors express variable levels of PD L1 transcript and protein. PD L1 RNA and protein expression were significantly increased in functioning (growth hormone and prolactin expressing) pituitary adenomas compared to non functioning (null cell and silent gonadotroph) adenomas. Moreover, primary pituitary adenomas harbored higher levels of PD L1 mRNA compared to recurrent tumors. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were observed in all pituitary tumors and were positively correlated with increased PD L1 expression, particularly in the functional subtypes.  Human pituitary adenomas harbor PD L1 across subtypes, with significantly higher expression in functioning adenomas compared to non functioning adenomas. This expression is accompanied by the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. These findings suggest the existence of an immune response to pituitary tumors and raise the possibility of considering checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in cases refractory to conventional management.
A Latent Variable Recurrent Neural Network for Discourse Relation Language Models

This paper presents a novel latent variable recurrent neural network architecture for jointly modeling sequences of words and (possibly latent) discourse relations between adjacent sentences. A recurrent neural network generates individual words, thus reaping the benefits of discriminatively trained vector representations. The discourse relations are represented with a latent variable, which can be predicted or marginalized, depending on the task. The resulting model can therefore employ a training objective that includes not only discourse relation classification, but also word prediction. As a result, it outperforms state of the art alternatives for two tasks: implicit discourse relation classification in the Penn Discourse Treebank, and dialog act classification in the Switchboard corpus. Furthermore, by marginalizing over latent discourse relations at test time, we obtain a discourse informed language model, which improves over a strong LSTM baseline.
A Latent Variable Recurrent Neural Network for Discourse Driven Language Models
Venue: NAACL

This paper presents a novel latent variable recurrent neural network architecture for jointly modeling sequences of words and (possibly latent) discourse relations between adjacent sentences. A recurrent neural network generates individual words, thus reaping the benefits of discriminatively trained vector representations. The discourse relations are represented with a latent variable, which can be predicted or marginalized, depending on the task. The resulting model can therefore employ a training objective that includes not only discourse relation classification, but also word prediction. As a result, it outperforms state of the art alternatives for two tasks: implicit discourse relation classification in the Penn Discourse Treebank, and dialog act classification in the Switchboard corpus. Furthermore, by marginalizing over latent discourse relations at test time, we obtain a discourse informed language model, which improves over a strong LSTM baseline.
Proposed management and exemption of radioactive waste in nuclear medicine facilities according to the recommendations of the ICRP Publication 103

The ICRP recommendations deal with issues related to radiological protection of man and the environment against the risks and damage caused by ionizing radiation through the dissemination of its publications that are accepted and implemented by national and international entities. This study aims to evaluate the environmental deposition of radionuclides used in nuclear medicine facilities in the City of Rio de Janeiro and a model will be proposed, at the national level, which aims to implement a radiation protection system for the management and exemption of radioactive waste based on ICRP Publication 103.
Predialysis Cardiovascular Disease Medication Adherence and Mortality After Transition to Dialysis.
Venue: American journal of kidney diseases the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation

Medication nonadherence is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes in the general population. However, little is known about the association of predialysis medication adherence among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and mortality following their transition to dialysis.  32,348 US veterans who transitioned to dialysis during 2007 to 2011. PREDICTORS Adherence to treatment with cardiovascular drugs, ascertained from pharmacy database records using proportion of days covered (PDC) and persistence during the predialysis year.  Post dialysis therapy initiation all cause and cardiovascular mortality, using Cox models with adjustment for confounders.  Mean age of the cohort was 72+ 11 (SD) years; 96% were men, 74% were white, 23% were African American, and 69% had diabetes. During a median follow up of 23 (IQR, 9 36) months, 18,608 patients died. Among patients with PDC>80% there were 14,006 deaths (mortality rate, 283 [95% CI, 278 288]/1,000 patient years] among patients with PDC>60% to 80% there were 3,882 deaths (mortality rate, 294 [95% CI, 285 304]/1,000 patient years) among patients with PDC<=60% there were 720 deaths (mortality rate, 291 [95% CI, 271 313]/1,000 patient years) Compared with patients with PDC>80% the adjusted HR for post dialysis therapy initiation all cause mortality for patients with PDC>60% to 80% was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.08 1.16) and for patients with PDC<=60% was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.11 1.30) In addition, compared with patients showing medication persistence, adjusted HR risk for post dialysis therapy initiation all cause mortality for patients with nonpersistence was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.05 1.16) A similar trend was detected for cardiovascular mortality and in subgroup analyses.  Large number of missing values; results may not be generalizable to women or the general US population.  Predialysis cardiovascular medication nonadherence is an independent risk factor for postdialysis mortality in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease transitioning to dialysis therapy. Further studies are needed to assess whether interventions targeting adherence improve survival after dialysis therapy initiation.
Medication Adherence With Diabetes Medication
Venue: The Diabetes educator

The primary purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the evidence regarding risk factors associated with nonadherence to prescribed glucose lowering agents, the impact of nonadherence on glycemic control and the economics of diabetes care, and the interventions designed to improve adherence.  Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Collaborative, BIOSIS, and the Health and Psychosocial Instruments databases were searched for studies of medication adherence for the period from May 2007 to December 2014. Inclusion criteria were study design and primary outcome measuring or characterizing adherence. Published evidence was graded according to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists protocol for standardized production of clinical practice guidelines.  One hundred ninety six published articles were reviewed; 98 met inclusion criteria. Factors including age, race, health beliefs, medication cost, co pays, Medicare Part D coverage gap, insulin use, health literacy, primary nonadherence, and early nonpersistence significantly affect adherence. Higher adherence was associated with improved glycemic control, fewer emergency department visits, decreased hospitalizations, and lower medical costs. Adherence was lower when medications were not tolerated or were taken more than twice daily, with concomitant depression, and with skepticism about the importance of medication. Intervention trials show the use of phone interventions, integrative health coaching, case managers, pharmacists, education, and point of care testing improve adherence.  Medication adherence remains an important consideration in diabetes care. Health professionals working with individuals with diabetes (eg, diabetes educators) are in a key position to assess risks for nonadherence, to develop strategies to facilitate medication taking, and to provide ongoing support and assessment of adherence at each visit.
The role of mHealth for improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review.
Venue: European heart journal. Quality of care clinical outcomes

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a key barrier to improved outcomes is medication non adherence. The aim of this study is to review the role of mobile health (mHealth) tools for improving medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease. We performed a systematic search for randomized controlled trials that primarily investigated mHealth tools for improving adherence to cardiovascular disease medications in patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. We extracted and reviewed data on the types of mHealth tools used, preferences of patients and healthcare providers, the effect of the mHealth interventions on medication adherence, and the limitations of trials. We identified 10 completed trials matching our selection criteria, mostly with <100 participants, and ranging in duration from 1 to 18 months. mHealth tools included text messages, Bluetooth enabled electronic pill boxes, online messaging platforms, and interactive voice calls. Patients and healthcare providers generally preferred mHealth to other interventions. All 10 studies reported that mHealth interventions improved medication adherence, though the magnitude of benefit was not consistently large and in one study was not greater than a telehealth comparator. Limitations of trials included small sample sizes, short duration of follow up, self reported outcomes, and insufficient assessment of unintended harms and financial implications. Current evidence suggests that mHealth tools can improve medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, high quality clinical trials of sufficient size and duration are needed to move the field forward and justify use in routine care.
Performance evaluation of routing protocols in energy harvesting D2D network
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube)

Device to Device (D2D) communication is a promising technology for various applications in upcoming 5G networks. This new communication paradigm has a lot to offer in terms of increased spectral efficiency, throughput and reduced communication delay. However, challenges like interference, overhead and energy efficiency still exist In fact, energy efficiency is considered as one of the key enablers for 5G networks, e.g. Internet of Things (IoT) The integration of energy harvesting in a D2D network not only provides energy efficiency, but allows protocols to choose between high and low data rate applications. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of wireless routing protocols in a D2D network with energy harvesting capability. To this end, we realized a realistic energy harvesting framework in NS 3. The framework consists of a solar energy harvester which rejuvenate the energy source with the real world data set Subsequently, this framework is integrated with routing layer of NS 3 simulator. Our extensive simulations elaborate the importance of an energy harvester in a typical wireless network e.g. D2D network. Experimental results show two key findings. First, proactive routing protocol, in the presence of surplus energy, outperform reactive protocols for both high and low data rate applications in terms of residual energy, consumed energy and goodput Second, the network lifetime can be enhanced through harvesting framework.
Undoing the Demos. Neoliberalism's Stealth Revolution

undoing the undoing of the demos Wendy B ROWN Undoing the Demos. Neoliberalism's Stealth Revolution (New York, Zone Books, 2015) Reviewing Wendy Brown is a humbling task. Undoing the Demos pulls together a masterful expos e of Michel Foucault's lectures on neo liberalism; an incisive review of the changing relationship between homo economicus and homo politicus in political theory; and an analysis of neoliberalism in action, framed by the now ubiquitous vocabulary of governance, benchmarks, or best practices, and finally by the economization of all institutions, most prominently the law, culture and higher education. The core argument throughout is that the institutionalization of neoliberal rationality constitutes a grave political threat. For all its celebration of freedom, neoliberalism expresses no need to guarantee the kinds of freedoms we normally associate with democracy. In fact, we only need to guarantee market freedom and the rest will follow. What replaces democratic politics is thus the economic argument that the market always knows best. In other words, the neoliberal regime is stripping the popular "demos" from its moral authority, replacing it with the authority of efficiency and the best bang for the buck. And thus the core institutions of capitalism and the state have been redesigned to facilitate what Korey C xalis xkan and Michel Callon [2009] 1 call "the economization of everything" that is, the processes by which individuals are aligned with the demands of the system and become socially, culturally, physically and psychologically efficient. Homo economicus is everywhere, and homo politicus is nowhere to be found. Undoing the Demos is beautifully crafted and deeply generative for anyone working on this topic, and in many ways I could just leave it at that. Read it! Every word and every page is worth your time. But the job of a book reviewer is to critically engage its object. And so in this spirit I have one quibble, one criticism, and one regret. The quibble concerns the strange invisibility of the neoliberals themselves in this narrative. The criticism has to do with the limited engagement with neo liberalism on its own terms, both on the social front (the failure to explore new forms of neoliberal social organization) and on the C xalis x kan Korey and Michel Callon 2009. "Economization, Part I: Shifting Attention from the Economy toward Processes of Economization" Economy and Society, 38 (3) Marion Fourcade, University of California, Berkeley [fourcade@berkeley.edu] European Journal of Sociology, 57, 3 (2016) pp. 453 459 0003 9756/16/0000 900$07.50per art $0.10 per page aEuropean Journal of Sociology 2016.  Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 136.152.208.214, on 19 Jan 2017 at 02:13:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms.
The effect of beam depth on the shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites

The primary objective of this article is to study the effect of beam depth on the performance of shear deficient beams externally strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. The investigated parameters include overall behavior up to failure, the onset of the cracking, crack development, and ductility. The experimental results showed that externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer increased the shear capacity of the strengthened reinforced concrete beams significantly depending on the variables investigated. The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites is an effective technique to enhance the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. For the beams tested, as the depth of the reinforced concrete beams was increased from 225 to 450 mm which is equivalent to a/d ratio of 2.7 1.2, respectively, there was corresponding 15% 19% increase in contribution of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips in terms of ultimate load. The impact of the beam depth is more pronounced on the ultimate load than the corresponding deflection of the control and strengthened beams. The results indicated that the beam depth has an influence on the angle at which primary cracking angle varied from 33, 44, 50, and 54 for beam of a/d of 2.7, 1.9, 1.5, and 1.2, respectively. If the shear crack crossed carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips above its development length, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips could not be expected to reach its ultimate strength and was thus only partially effective as observed in beams with different depths.
Towards Robust Experimental Design for User Studies in Security and Privacy

Human beings are an integral part of computer security, whether we actively participate or simply build the systems. Despite this importance, understanding users and their interaction with security is a blind spot for most security practitioners and designers.  Define principles for conducting experiments into usable security and privacy, to improve study robustness and usefulness.  The authors' experiences conducting several research projects complemented with a literature survey.  We extract principles based on relevance to the advancement of the state of the art. We then justify our choices by providing published experiments as cases of where the principles are and are not followed in practice to demonstrate the impact. Each principle is a discipline specific instantiation of desirable experiment design elements as previously established in the domain of philosophy of science.  Five high priority principles (i) give participants a primary task; (ii) incorporate realistic risk; (iii) avoid priming the participants; (iv) perform doubleblind experiments whenever possible and (v) think carefully about how meaning is assigned to the terms threat model, security, privacy, and usability.  The principles do not replace researcher acumen or experience, however they can provide a valuable service for facilitating evaluation, guiding younger researchers and students, and marking a baseline common language for discussing further improvements.
Invertebrate communities in gravel bed, braided rivers are highly resilient to flow intermittence
Venue: Freshwater Science

In naturally disturbed systems, harsh environmental conditions act as filters on the regional species pool, restricting the number of taxa able to form a local community to those with traits promoting resistance or resilience. Thus, communities in highly disturbed ecosystems may be less sensitive to a given disturbance than those in less disturbed ecosystems. We explored this idea by examining the response of aquatic invertebrate communities to flow intermittence in gravel bed, braided rivers (BRs) Flow intermittence is considered a major driver of communities in rivers, but its influence on communities in BRs, which are recognized as naturally highly disturbed environments, is relatively unexplored. We used a multisite Before After Control Impact (BACI) design to quantify the effects of drying events of different durations (moderate: 2 3 wk, severe: 1 3 mo) on invertebrate communities in 8 BRs in southeastern France. As predicted, no effects of flow intermittence were detected 1 to 4 mo after flow resumption on taxonomic richness, composition, or functional diversity of communities facing moderate drying events. Communities subjected to severe drying events were similar to those in perennial reaches as few as 19 d after flow resumption. Moreover, communities showed functional redundancy and no loss of functional diversity after drying events. These results differ from those of studies in other river systems, where persistent effects of flow intermittence on communities generally have been found, and highlight the need for cross system comparisons that explore the effects of drying on communities. Identifying the processes (e.g. niche selection, cotolerance) and habitat features (e.g. hyporheic zone refugia) that promote community resilience in BRs will advance our understanding of how anthropogenic stressors and climate change may affect communities in freshwater ecosystems.
Seismic performance of lightly shear reinforced RC columns

Previous experimental studies on reinforced concrete columns subjected to cyclic loading simulating earthquake loading have shown that the columns with non seismic details of transverse reinforcement are vulnerable to the cyclic loading. In this study, to investigate the behavioral characteristics of concrete columns with light transverse reinforcement, ten half scale specimens were fabricated and tested under repeated cyclic loading together with axial loading. The main test parameters included axial load level, hook angle, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, transverse reinforcement ratio, and shear span to depth ratio. The performances and characteristics of the test specimens were analyzed in terms of load drift relationship, dissipated energy, damping ratio, strain profile, drift capacity, effective stiffness, and ductility. The test results showed that the axial load level is the major parameter affecting seismic performance including the drift capacity. Based on the test results, the nonlinear modeling parameters for concrete columns presented in ASCE 41 13 were investigated using fragility analysis.
Sub thermal to super thermal light statistics from a disordered lattice via deterministic control of excitation symmetry

Monochromatic coherent light traversing a disordered photonic medium evolves into a random field whose statistics are dictated by the disorder level. Here we demonstrate experimentally that light statistics can be deterministically tuned in certain disordered lattices, even when the disorder level is held fixed, by controllably breaking the excitation symmetry of the lattice modes. We exploit a lattice endowed with disorder immune chiral symmetry in which the eigenmodes come in skew symmetric pairs. If a single lattice site is excited, a "photonic thermalization gap" emerges: the realm of sub thermal light statistics is inaccessible regardless of the disorder level. However, by exciting two sites with a variable relative phase, as in a traditional two path interferometer, the chiral symmetry is judiciously broken and interferometric control over the light statistics is exercised, spanning sub thermal and super thermal regimes. These results may help develop novel incoherent lighting sources from coherent lasers.
Experimental Comparison of Methods for Multi label Classification in different Application Domains

Real world applications have begun to adopt the multi label paradigm. The multi label classification implies an extra dimension because each example might be associated with multiple labels (different possible classes) as opposed to a single class or label (binary, multi class) classification. And with increasing number of possible multi label applications in most ecosystems, there is little effort in comparing the different multi label methods in different domains. Hence, there is need for a comprehensive overview of methods and metrics. In this study, we experimentally evaluate 11 methods for multi label learning using 6 evaluation measures over seven benchmark datasets. The results of the experimental comparison revealed that the best performing method for both the examplebased evaluation measures and the label based evaluation measures are ECC on all measures when using C4. 5 tree classifier as a single label base learner.