nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy logic approach for transformer remnant life prediction and asset management decision
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

The quality of insulation system within power transformer reflects the overall health condition of the asset. A timely and reliable maintenance decision along with the remaining operational life estimation of the asset can be identified through the measurements of some parameters reflecting the degradation rate of the transformer dielectric insulation. However, the process is not always straightforward due to the complexity of the insulation structure and degradation process. This paper proposes a new fuzzy logic approach to provide a proper asset management decision and predict the remaining operational life of a power transformer based on some insulating oil tests. The developed fuzzy logic model is validated through field data collected for various transformers of preknown health condition and life span. Results show that the proposed model is reliable and can be facilitated to provide a timely asset management decision with less reliance on expert personnel.
Kalman filtering based on the maximum correntropy criterion in the presence of non Gaussian noise

State estimation in the presence of non Gaussian noise is discussed. Since the Kalman filter uses only second order signal information, it is not optimal in non Gaussian noise environments. The maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) is a new approach to measure the similarity of two random variables using information from higher order signal statistics. The correntropy filter (C Filter) uses the MCC for state estimation. In this paper we first improve the performance of the C Filter by modifying its derivation to obtain the modified correntropy filter (MC Filter) Next we use the MCC and weighted least squares (WLS) to propose an MCC filter in Kalman filter form, which we call the MCC KF. Simulation results show the superiority of the MCC KF compared with the C Filter, the MC Filter, the unscented Kalman filter, the ensemble Kalman filter, and the Gaussian sum filter, in the presence of two different types of non Gaussian disturbances (shot noise and Gaussian mixture noise)
Plasmid mediated carbapenem and colistin resistance in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli.
Venue: The Lancet. Infectious diseases

Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. CLSI M100 S25. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2015. 3 Poirel L, Savov E, Nazli A, et al. Outbreak caused by NDM 1and RmtB producing Escherichia coli in Bulgaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014;  AR, et al. Analysis of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli clonal group by multilocus sequence typing.  5860 44. Plasmid mediated carbapenem and colistin resistance in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli
The development of visual preferences for direct versus averted gaze faces in infant macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Venue: Developmental psychobiology

Human and nonhuman primates show a preference for looking at faces with direct gaze. In humans, this preference emerges shortly after birth, but little is known about the development of gaze preferences in monkeys. This study tracked the development of gaze preferences in infant monkeys from birth through 6 months of age using infrared eye tracking. Although absent in the first week, a strong significant preference for direct compared to averted gaze faces emerged rapidly, peaking around 2 months of age. When looking at the eyes, the monkeys' fixations were equivalent in duration for both gaze types in the first 2 months, but thereafter remained longer for the averted gaze faces. Therefore, the infants spent a greater proportion of time overall, but made shorter fixations, when looking at the direct compared to averted gaze faces. These results suggest that monkeys develop an efficient strategy when viewing the preferred direct gaze faces that involves longer viewing times, but shorter fixations.
Phosphorus recovery as struvite: Recent concerns for use of seed, alternative Mg source, nitrogen conservation and fertilizer potential

Finite availability of phosphorus (P) resources makes recovery of this non substitutable plant nutrient from alternative waste sources an increasingly attractive option of renewed interest. In this context, feasibility of struvite (MgNH4PO4*6H2O) recovery, an alternative P fertilizer is already demonstrated at laboratory scale from range of waste streams of farm, municipal and industrial origin, with reasonably high orthophosphate recovery efficiency ~90% However, apart from a few commercial extraction units using municipal sludge and urine, large scale struvite recovery is not widely adopted for many of these sources. Moreover, need of some research interventions that are restricting its profitable recovery are also highlighted by earlier studies. To increase recovery efficiency from identified potential sources in terms of cost and energy input, research focuses on some new aspects of the process such as prospects of alternative recyclable magnesium sources, different seed materials and their related issues, which are analyzed in this review. Prospects of nitrogen conservation through struvite recovery and fertilizer value of struvite considering its properties, comparative performance with conventional fertilizer and interaction with soil and plant growth are also critically reviewed.
Global nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use for agriculture production in the past half century: shifted hot spots and nutrient imbalance

In addition to enhancing agricultural productivity, synthetic nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fertilizer application in croplands dramatically alters global nutrient budget, water quality, greenhouse gas balance, and their feedback to the climate system. However, due to the lack of geospatial fertilizer input data, current Earth system and land surface modeling studies have to ignore or use oversimplified data (e.g. static, spatially uniform fertilizer use) to characterize agricultural N and P input over decadal or century long periods. In this study, we therefore develop global time series gridded data of annual synthetic N and P fertilizer use rate in agricultural lands, matched with HYDE 3.2 historical land use maps, at a resolution of 0.5deg x 0.5deg latitude longitude during 1961 2013. Our data indicate N and P fertilizer use rates on per unit cropland area increased by approximately 8 times and 3 times, respectively, since the year 1961 when IFA (International Fertilizer Industry Association) and FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization) surveys of country level fertilizer input became available. Considering cropland expansion, the increase in total fertilizer consumption is even larger. Hotspots of agricultural N fertilizer application shifted from the US and western Europe in the 1960s to eastern Asia in the early 21st century. P fertilizer input shows a similar pattern with an additional current hotspot in Brazil. We found a global increase in fertilizer N P ratio by 0.8 g N g 1 P per decade (p doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.863323
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Potential Iron Fertilizer for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

Nanomaterials are used in practically every aspect of modern life, including agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) as a fertilizer to replace traditional Fe fertilizers, which have various shortcomings. The effects of the Fe2O3 NPs and a chelated Fe fertilizer (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Fe; EDTA Fe) fertilizer on the growth and development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) a crop that is very sensitive to Fe deficiency, were studied in a pot experiment. The results showed that Fe2O3 NPs increased root length, plant height, biomass, and SPAD values of peanut plants. The Fe2O3 NPs promoted the growth of peanut by regulating phytohormone contents and antioxidant enzyme activity. The Fe contents in peanut plants with Fe2O3 NPs and EDTA Fe treatments were higher than the control group. We used energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy (EDS) to quantitatively analyze Fe in the soil. Peanut is usually cultivated in sandy soil, which is readily leached of fertilizers. However, the Fe2O3 NPs adsorbed onto sandy soil and improved the availability of Fe to the plants. Together, these results show that Fe2O3 NPs can replace traditional Fe fertilizers in the cultivation of peanut plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research on the Fe2O3 NPs as the iron fertilizer.
Effects of organic inorganic compound fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer application on crop yields, soil biological activity and bacterial community structure in a rice wheat cropping system

The development of more stable and sustainable agroecosystems for improving food production has caused wide public concern in recent years. In the present study, we conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of pig manure organic inorganic compound fertilizer with reduced chemical fertilizer on the crop yields, soil physicochemical properties, biological activities and bacterial community structure in a rice wheat cropping system over two crop seasons (rice and wheat) The results showed that at all sampling times, this fertilizer regime enhanced the soil nutrient availability, microbial biomass, enzymatic activities, and soil nitrogen processes and, to some extent, promoted crop yields. Across all soil samples, bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi at the phylum level. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on the weighted UniFrac distance revealed that the bacterial community structures were strongly separated by the sampling time, and the treatments in the wheat harvest soils. A Venn diagram of shared OTUs showed a core microbiome across different treatments and sampling times, in which the relative abundance of each abundant phylum (class) was stable in the different treatments and at different sampling times. Specifically, the relative abundance of Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Nitrospirae, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria was largely and particularly enriched under the organic inorganic compound fertilizer regime, indicating that soil functions, such as nitrification and the turnover of organic matter, might be strengthened under this treatment. Collectively, these results indicate that the application of organic inorganic compound fertilizer may reduce chemical fertilizer use and improve the long term productivity and sustainability of agroecosystems.
First trimester medical abortion practices in Canada: National survey.
Venue: Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien

To understand the current availability and practice of first trimester medical abortion (MA) in Canada.  Using public sources and professional networks, abortion facilities across Canada were identified for a cross sectional survey on medical and surgical abortion. English and French surveys were distributed by surface or electronic mail between July and November 2013.  Canada.  A total of 94 abortion facilities were identified.  Descriptive statistics on MA practice and facility and provider characteristics, as well as comparisons of MA practice by facility and provider characteristics using kh2 and t tests.  A total of 78 of 94 (83.0% facilities responded. Medical abortion represented 3.8% of first trimester abortions reported (2706 of 70 860) in 2012. Among the facilities offering MA, 45.0% performed fewer than 500 first trimester abortions a year, while 35.0% performed more than 1000. More MAs were performed in private offices or ambulatory health centres than in hospitals. Sixty two physicians from 28 of 78 facilities reported providing first trimester MA; 87.1% also provided surgical abortion. More than three quarters of MA physicians were female and 56.5% were family physicians. A preponderance (85.2% of providers offered methotrexate with misoprostol. Nearly all physicians (90.3% required patients to have an ultrasound before MA, and 72.6% assessed the completion of the abortion with ultrasonography. Most physicians (74.2% offered MA through 49 days after the onset of the last menstrual period, and 21.0% offered MA through 50 to 56 days; 37.1% reported providing MA to patients who lived more than 2 hours away. Four physicians from 1 site provided MA via telemedicine.  In Canada, MA provision using methotrexate and misoprostol is consistent with best practice guidelines, but MA is rare and its availability is unevenly distributed.
Assessing abortion coverage in nurse practitioner programs in Canada: a national survey of program directors.
Venue: Contraception

Although nurse practitioners (NPs) play a critical role in the delivery of reproductive health services in Canada, there is a paucity of published information regarding the reproductive health education provided in their training programs. Our study aimed to understand better the didactic and curricular coverage of abortion in Canadian NP programs.  In 2014, we conducted a 3 contact, bilingual (English French) mailed survey to assess the coverage of, time dedicated to and barriers to inclusion of 17 different areas of reproductive health, including abortion. We also asked respondents to speculate on whether or not mifepristone would be incorporated into the curriculum if approved by Health Canada for early abortion. We analyzed our results with descriptive statistics and used inductive techniques to analyze the open ended questions for content and themes.  Sixteen of 23 (70% program directors or their designees returned our survey. In general, abortion related topics received less coverage than contraception, ectopic pregnancy management and miscarriage management. Fifty six percent of respondents reported that their program did not offer information about first trimester abortion procedures and/or post abortion care in the didactic curriculum. Respondents expressed interest in incorporating mifepristone/misoprostol into NP education and training.  Reproductive health issues receive uneven and often inadequate curricular coverage in Canadian NP programs. Identifying avenues to expand education and training on abortion appears warranted. Embarking on curricular reform efforts is especially important given the upcoming introduction of mifepristone into the Canadian health system for early abortion.  Our findings draw attention to the need to integrate abortion related content into NP education and training programs. The approval of Mifegymiso(r) may provide a window of opportunity to engage in curriculum reform efforts across the health professions in Canada.
The Role of Cultural Competence to Overcome Intercultural Communication Conflict: Case study of Indonesian and Korean students in Kyungsung University, South Korea

Intercultural communication is a growing interest in the realm of global communication science and students pursuing degrees across the borders of nation states. Nevertheless, the practice of intercultural communication does not always go effectively. This paper addresses problematics of intercultural communication occurred between Indonesian and South Korean students in Kyungsung University, Busan, largely nuanced by prejudice, stereotypes, ethnocentrism as well as values differences about social drinking culture, friendship, beauty, seniority, and perception on punctuality, which consequently trigger misunderstanding that leads to conflict. The goals of this study are twofold, namely, first, to gain deeper understanding on sources of intercultural communication conflict between Indonesian and South Korean students, secondly, to highlight the role of cultural competence to overcome conflict. The method of the research is case study with in depth interview as the information gathering technique. The result will show that problems in intercultural communication are to a greater extent influenced by two inter related attitudes which is cultural insensitivity and lack of cultural competence such as respect, socio linguistic awareness, deep cultural knowledge, and skills to listen and observe. The paper will also point to problem solving alternative to reduce intercultural communication conflict both for Indonesian and South Korean students, namely to develop a more subtle approach when encountering religious held beliefs with socially accepted norms.
The "Parts and Wholes" of Face Recognition: A Review of the Literature
Venue: Quarterly journal of experimental psychology

It has been claimed that faces are recognized as a "whole" rather than by the recognition of individual parts. In a paper published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology in 1993, Martha Farah and I attempted to operationalize the holistic claim using the part/whole task. In this task, participants studied a face and then their memory presented in isolation and in the whole face. Consistent with the holistic view, recognition of the part was superior when tested in the whole face condition compared to when it was tested in isolation. The "whole face" or holistic advantage was not found for faces that were inverted, or scrambled, nor for non face objects, suggesting that holistic encoding was specific to normal, intact faces. In this paper, we reflect on the part/whole paradigm and how it has contributed to our understanding of what it means to recognize a face as a "whole" stimulus. We describe the value of part/whole task for developing theories of holistic and non holistic recognition of faces and objects. We discuss the research that has probed the neural substrates of holistic processing in healthy adults and people with prosopagnosia and autism. Finally, we examine how experience shapes holistic face recognition in children and recognition of own and other race faces in adults. The goal of this article is to summarize the research on the part/whole task and speculate on how it has informed our understanding of holistic face processing.
Evolutions of grain size and micro hardness during chip formation and machined surface generation for Ti 6Al 4V in high speed machining

Machined surface with ultrafine grained microstructure can be obtained through severe plastic deformation in high speed machining (HSM) process. The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of grain size and micro hardness during HSM of Ti 6Al 4V alloy using the finite element method (FEM) and user subroutine VUSDFLD of Abaqus/Explicit. Firstly, a FE model to simulate the cutting process of Ti 6Al 4V is proposed. The proposed cutting simulation model is verified by high speed machining experiments in terms of cutting force and chip morphology. Secondly, a novel user subroutine VUSDFLD based on equations of Zener Hollomon and Hall Petch is developed to simulate the modifications of grain size and micro hardness in chip formation and machined surface generation under different cutting speeds. Parameters in the equations of Zener Hollomon and Hall Petch are modified for Ti 6Al 4V for simulation of the change of grain size and micro hardness during HSM. Lastly, the simulation results of the microstructure evolution in chips and machined surfaces are compared with experimental results obtained by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and measurement of micro hardness. The comparison results show that the evolution of grain size and micro hardness of Ti 6Al 4V in HSM can be accurately predicted by the modified Zener Hollomon and Hall Petch equations. This research indicates that smaller grain sizes are produced into both chips and machined surfaces due to more severe deformations with increasing of the cutting speed. The findings validate that HSM is a reliable approach to generate refined grains if proper machining parameters are selected. HSM can also be applied as a novel material test method to study the relationship between microstructure evolution and deformation parameters.
Proper selection of cutting parameters and cutting tool angle to lower the specific cutting energy during high speed machining of 7050 T7451 aluminum alloy

Cleaner production and sustainability are of vital importance in the field of machining processes where great amount of energy is consumed. Reducing the energy consumption during machining process can significantly improve the environmental and economical performance of manufacturing systems. To achieve this, calculation of energy consumption during the metal cutting process is required. This paper investigates the specific cutting energy consumption for the serrated chip formation of 7050 T7451 aluminum alloy in high speed machining. The cutting energy consumption during serrated chip formation mainly includes such three components as plastic deformation energy in the primary deformation zone, friction work between the tool chip interface and kinetic energy of the flowing chip. The predictive models of these three energy components are developed for orthogonal cutting mode, and the influences of cutting speed, undeformed chip thickness and tool rake angle on the cutting energy consumption are revealed. Meanwhile, the theoretical energy consumptions under different undeformed chip thicknesses are validated with the high speed orthogonal cutting experiments of 7050 T7451 aluminum alloy. Based on the research results, when high cutting speeds are applied in order to improve the machining efficiency, large positive rake angle tools and large undeformed chip thicknesses are recommended if the rigidity of the machining system and the machining surface quality can be guaranteed.
Additive manufacturing and post processing simulation: laser cladding followed by high speed machining

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a promising technology for many industrial sectors, from aerospace to personal care goods. However, when it comes to high quality components, CNC machining is still the most reliable solution. A lot of research has been conducted for modeling and predicting the quality of an additive manufactured or machined part. However, the state of the art clearly indicates that the short term future of manufacturing will be mostly comprised of process chains, which combine both subtractive and additive manufacturing processes. Taking this into account, this paper presents a modeling methodology for a process chain consisting of laser cladding, as an AM process, and high speed machining (HSM) a subtractive process usually used for finishing operations. The modeling methodology, which is based on the finite element method and utilizes the level set method to define the cutting tool path, is able to predict results such as residual stresses and part distortion. The proposed approach is applied in simulating HSM of a steel tube fabricated by laser cladding. The results are showing that machining can partially eliminate the residual stresses and distortion caused by laser cladding.