nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pairwise clustering based on the mutual information criterion
Venue: Neurocomputing

Pairwise clustering methods partition a dataset using pairwise similarity between data points. The pairwise similarity matrix can be used to define a Markov random walk on the data points. This view forms a probabilistic interpretation of spectral clustering methods. We utilize this probabilistic model to define a novel clustering cost function that is based on maximizing the mutual information between consecutively visited clusters of states of the Markov chain defined by the similarity matrix. This cost function can be viewed as an extension of the information bottleneck principle to the case of pairwise clustering. We show that the complexity of a sequential clustering implementation of the suggested cost function is linear in the dataset size on sparse graphs. The improved performance and the reduced computational complexity of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated on several standard datasets and on image segmentation task.
Conversational Implicature in English Listening Comprehension Teaching

Owing to the importance of listening comprehension among the four basic second language acquisition skills, considerable attention has been given to the pedagogic method of improving listeners' proficiency. In China, there exist some problems in English listening teaching in Senior Middle Schools. Professor Wang Zhongyan said "In listening teaching, it is not unusual that teachers just play records without offering any hints" In listening teaching, listeners are only viewed as passive receivers without any hints. After listeners listen to a passage once or twice, teachers check the answers, and then play the tape sentence by sentence. However, listening comprehension is an active process. The importance of developing students' listening competence in Senior Middle School English Teaching is obvious. So far much work has been done at home and abroad to look for ways to facilitate students' listening competence.
Elementary Number Theory And Its Applications

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Elements Of Number Theory

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Number Theory In Science And Communication

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Discriminant Equations in Diophantine Number Theory

Diophantine number theory is an active area that has seen tremendous progress over the past century. An important role in this theory is played by discriminant equations, a class of Diophantine equations with close ties to algebraic number theory, Diophantine approximation and Diophantine geometry. Discriminant equations are about univariate polynomials or binary forms of given discriminant, considered over various types of integral domains. This book is the irst comprehensive account of discriminant equations and their applications. It brings together many aspects, including effective results over number ields, effective results over initely generated domains, practical algorithms for solving concrete equations, estimates on the number of solutions, applications to algebraic integers of given discriminant, power integral bases, canonical number systems, algorithms for inding a minimal set of generators of an order of a number ield, root separation of polynomials and reduction of hyperelliptic curves. The authors' previous title, Unit Equations in Diophantine Number Theory, laid the groundwork by presenting important results that are used as tools in the present book. This material is briely summarized in the introductory chapters along with the necessary basic algebra and algebraic number theory, making the book accessible to experts and young researchers alike.
Physicochemical properties and radiolytic degradation studies on tri iso amyl phosphate (TiAP)

The solvent composed of tri iso amyl phosphate (TiAP) in n dodecane (n DD) is regarded as a promising candidate for reprocessing of spent fuel. In this context, the radiolytic degradation of a solution of TiAP in n dodecane was investigated by irradiating the solvent to various absorbed dose levels of g radiation. The neat extractant or a solution of extractant in n dodecane was irradiated in the presence of nitric acid. Physicochemical properties such as density, viscosity and interfacial tension (IFT) were measured for unirradiated and irradiated solutions. The extent of degradation was determined by measuring the variation in extraction behavior of U(VI) and Pu(IV) with irradiated solvent systems. Uranium and plutonium retention with irradiated solvents was also measured. The distribution ratio of uranium and plutonium increased with increase in absorbed dose. Effect of alpha degradation was studied by plutonium retention as a function of time using 1.1 M TiAP/n DD. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric technique was employed to identify the possible radiolytic degradation products. Similar studies were also carried out with tri n butyl phosphate (TBP) based solvent system under identical experimental conditions and the results are compared.
Biological and Immunogenicity Property of IgY Anti S. mutans ComD
Venue: The open dentistry journal

This study aims to elucidate the effect of IgY anti ComD on the biological properties of Streptococcus mutans. (S. mutans) ComD is an interspecies quorum sensing signaling receptor that plays an important role in biofilm formation by S. mutans.  Egg yolk IgY was produced by the immunization of chickens with a DNA vaccine containing the ComD DNA coding region. We evaluated the effect of the antibody on biofilm formation by S. mutans isolated from subjects with or without dental caries. We also assessed the immunoreactivity of the antibody against all isolates, and analyzed the protein profile of S. mutans by SDS PAGE.  The ComD antibody was successfully induced in the hens' eggs. It inhibited biofilm formation by all S. mutans isolates. In addition, the expression of some protein bands was affected after exposure to the antibody.  IgY anti S. mutans ComD reduces biofilm formation by this bacterium and alters the protein profile of S. mutans.
Survey of Ectoparasites in Chickens in Benue State of Nigeria

The aim of this research was to obtain some baseline data on ecto parasites of local chickens in Benue State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study on the prevalence of ecto parasites in chickens was conducted in Gboko Area of Benue State between January and December, 2015. A total of 294 local chickens were examined and 414 (69.70% were infested with ectoparasites. Four groups of ectoparasites (lice, flea, ticks and mites) were found infesting chickens in this study. The most frequent species of parasites seen was Menopon gallinae (21.38% followed by Cnemidocoptes mutans (18.18% Menacanthus stramineus (13.13% Cnemidocoptes gallinae (11.45% Echidnophaga gallinacea (6.40% Lipeurus caponis (9.26% Argas persicus (4.71% and Dermanyssus gallinae (3.20% Results also indicated that 64.31% of the chickens were infested with mixed ectoparasites. Being young increased the probability of infestation by ectoparssites by a factor of 3.59 (p 0.001) Female chickens were 33.53 (p 0.001) times more likely to be positive for ectoparasites than male. This may be associated with inadequate husbandry systems, poor hygiene practice, inadequate control and preventive measures among others. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of ecto parasites in free range local chickens in Benue State.
Fashion and Sustainability: Increasing Knowledge About Slow Fashion Through an Educational Module

The purpose of this study is to understand whether exposure to education about slow fashion regarding its environmental benefits would influence consumers' knowledge, attitudes, and purchase intentions toward slow fashion apparel and also to investigate whether knowledge about and attitude toward slow fashion would influence young adult consumers' purchase intentions toward slow fashion. College aged students were recruited and a mixed method approach with three phases of data collection was implemented, including a focus group, a pre educational survey along with an educational module, and a post educational survey to all participants from the preeducational survey. The final sample for analyses included 163 participants. Paired sample t tests showed that the module significantly improved the participants' objective knowledge and subjective knowledge of, and attitudes toward slow fashion; however, their purchase intentions toward slow fashion remained unchanged. Results also indicated that subjective knowledge and attitude positively predicted purchase intention toward slow fashion. Findings suggest that a 30 minute educational module in the power point format made a significant, positive impact on young adult consumers' knowledge of and attitudes toward slow fashion. This study expanded the slow fashion research through the incorporation of an educational module which was found to improve consumer knowledge and attitude toward slow fashion.
Sustainable Development of Slow Fashion Businesses: Customer Value Approach

As an alternative to the prevalent fast fashion model, slow fashion has emerged as a way of enhancing sustainability in the fashion industry, yet how slow fashion can enhance profitability is still largely unknown. Based on a customer value creation framework, this study empirically tested a structural model that specified the slow fashion attributes that contribute to creating perceived customer value, which subsequently increases a consumer's intention to buy and pay a price premium for slow fashion products. An analysis of 221 U.S. consumer data revealed that delivering exclusive product value is significantly critical in creating customer value for slow fashion, and customer value, in turn, positively affects consumers' purchase intentions. Further analysis also revealed that different slow fashion attributes distinctively affect customer value. This provides potential strategies on which slow fashion businesses can focus to secure an economically sustainable business model, thereby continuously improving environmental and social sustainability with the slow fashion ideal.
From quantity to quality: understanding slow fashion consumers for sustainability and consumer education

There is a growing interest in slow fashion, a production method which emphasizes quality as a way of achieving sustainability in the fashion industry. In order to develop a sophisticated and targeted marketing strategy, this study aimed to identify potential slow fashion consumer segments and understand their characteristics. The final 221 completed responses from a sample of nationwide U.S. consumers were analyzed by cluster analysis. Based on consumer orientation to slow fashion, four consumer groups were identified: Highly involved in slow fashion group, Conventional group, Exclusivity oriented group and Low involved in slow fashion group. The characteristics of each group were profiled according to personal values, apparel consumption behaviours and demographics. With distinctive profiles of each group, different marketing strategies were suggested to address the needs of each group effectively. This study extends academic understanding of slow fashion in consumer perspectives, and provides important perspectives for consumer education on apparel consumption.
WORLD: A Vocoder Based High Quality Speech Synthesis System for Real Time Applications
Venue: IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst.

A vocoder based speech synthesis system, named WORLD, was developed in an effort to improve the sound quality of realtime applications using speech. Speech analysis, manipulation, and synthesis on the basis of vocoders are used in various kinds of speech research. Although several high quality speech synthesis systems have been developed, real time processing has been difficult with them because of their high computational costs. This new speech synthesis system has not only sound quality but also quick processing. It consists of three analysis algorithms and one synthesis algorithm proposed in our previous research. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated by comparing its output with against natural speech including consonants. Its processing speed was also compared with those of conventional systems. The results showed that WORLD was superior to the other systems in terms of both sound quality and processing speed. In particular, it was over ten times faster than the conventional systems, and the real time factor (RTF) indicated that it was fast enough for real time processing. key words: speech analysis, speech synthesis, vocoder, sound quality, realtime processing
Echo state conditional variational autoencoder for anomaly detection
Venue: 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

Anomaly detection involves identifying the events which do not conform to an expected pattern in data. A common approach to anomaly detection is to identify outliers in a latent space learned from data. For instance, PCA has been successfully used for anomaly detection. Variational autoencoder (VAE) is a recently developed deep generative model which has established itself as a powerful method for learning representation from data in a nonlinear way. However, the VAE does not take the temporal dependence in data into account, so it limits its applicability to time series. In this paper we combine the echo state network, which is a simple training method for recurrent networks, with the VAE, in order to learn representation from multivariate time series data. We present an echo state conditional variational autoencoder (ES CVAE) and demonstrate its useful behavior in the task of anomaly detection in multivariate time series data.
Non Nehari manifold method for periodic discrete superlinear Schrodinger equation

We consider the nonlinear difference equations of the form $Lu f\left( {n,u} \right);n \in Z, where L is a Jacobi operator given by (Lu)(n) a(n)u(n+1)+a(n 1)u(n 1)+b(n)u(n) for n Z, {a(n) and {b(n) are real valued N periodic sequences, and f(n, t) is superlinear on t. Inspired by previous work of Pankov [ (2007) and Szulkin and Weth [ (2009) we develop a non Nehari manifold method to find ground state solutions of Nehari Pankov type under weaker conditions on f. Unlike the Nehari manifold method, the main idea of our approach lies on finding a minimizing Cerami sequence for the energy functional outside the Nehari Pankov manifold by using the diagonal method.
Parite des coefficients de formes modulaires

Let \Delta \sum _{m=0}\infty q^(2m+1)^2} \in \mathbf {F}_2[[q]$D=m=0q(2m+1)2F2[[q] be the reduction mod 2 of the \Delta $D series. A modular form of level 1, $f=\sum _{n\geqslant 0} c(n) ,q^n$$f=n0c(n)qn, with integer coefficients, is congruent modulo $2$$2 to a polynomial in \Delta $D. Let us set $W_f(x)\sum _{n\leqslant x, c(n)\text odd 1$$Wf(x)=nx,c(n)odd1, the number of odd Fourier coefficients of $f$$f of index \leqslant x$$x. The order of magnitude of $W_f(x)$Wf(x) (for $x\rightarrow \infty $x has been determined by Serre in the seventies. Here, we give an asymptotic equivalent for $W_f(x)$Wf(x) Let $p(n)$p(n) be the partition function and $A_0(x)$A0(x) (resp. $A_1(x)$A1(x) be the number of $n\leqslant x$$nx such that $p(n)$p(n) is even (resp. odd) In the preceding papers, the second named author has shown that $A_0(x)\geqslant 0.28 \sqrt{x\\log \log x}$A0(x)0.28xloglogx for $x\geqslant 3$$x3 and $A_1(x)\frac{4.57 \sqrt{x}\log x}$A1(x)>4.57xlogx for $x\geqslant 7$$x7. Here, it is proved that $A_0(x)\geqslant 0.069 \sqrt{x}\log \log x$$A0(x)0.069xloglogx holds for $x>1$$x>1 and that $A_1(x) \geqslant \frac{0.037 \sqrt{x}\log x){7/8}$A1(x)0.037x(logx)7/8 holds for $x\geqslant 2$$x2. The main tools used to prove these results are the determination of the order of nilpotence of a modular form of level $1$$1 modulo $2$$2, and of the structure of the space of those modular forms as a module over the Hecke algebra, which have been given in a recent work of Serre and the second named author.ResumeSoit \Delta \sum _{m=0}\infty q^(2m+1)^2} \in \mathbf {F}_2[[q]$D=m=0q(2m+1)2F2[[q] la reduction modulo 2 de la fonction \Delta $D. Une forme modulaire de niveau $1$$1, $f=\sum _{n\geqslant 0} c(n) ,q^n$$f=n0c(n)qn, a coefficients entiers, est congrue modulo $2$$2 a un polynome en \Delta $D. Soit $W_f(x)\sum _{n\leqslant x, c(n)\text impair 1$$Wf(x)=nx,c(n)impair1 le nombre de coefficients de Fourier impairs de $f$$f d'indice \leqslant x$$x. L'ordre de grandeur de $W_f(x)$Wf(x) a ete determine par Serre dans les annees 70. Nous donnons ici un equivalent de $W_f(x)$Wf(x) Soit $p(n)$p(n) la fonction de partition et $A_0(x)$A0(x) (resp. $A_1(x)$A1(x) le nombre d'entiers $n \leqslant x$$nx tels que $p(n)$p(n) est pair (resp. impair) Dans des articles anterieurs, J. L. Nicolas a montre que $A_0(x)\geqslant 0.28 \sqrt{x\\log \log x}$A0(x)0.28xloglogx pour $x\geqslant 3$$x3 et que $A_1(x)\frac{4.57 \sqrt{x}\log x}$A1(x)>4.57xlogx pour $x\geqslant 7$$x7. On prouve ici que $A_0(x)\geqslant 0.069 \sqrt{x}\log \log x$$A0(x)0.069xloglogx pour $x>1$$x>1 et que $A_1(x) \geqslant \frac{0.037 \sqrt{x}\log x){7/8}$A1(x)0.037x(logx)7/8 pour $x\geqslant 2$$x2. Les principaux outils utilises dans la preuve de ces resultats sont la determination de l'ordre de nilpotence d'une forme modulaire de niveau 1 modulo 2, et de la structure de l'espace de ces formes modulaires en tant que module sur l'algebre de Hecke, obtenus dans un travail recent de J. L. Nicolas et J. P. Serre.
Angular anisotropy of time delay in XUV plus IR photoionization of H 2(

We develop a novel technique for modeling of atomic and molecular ionization in superposition of XUV and IR fields with characteristics typical for attosecond streaking and RABBITT experiments. The method is based on solving the time dependent Schr\"odinger equation in the coordinate frame expanding along with the photoelectron wave packet. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by calculating angular anisotropy of photoemission time delay of the H$_2^ ion in a field configuration of recent RABBITT experiments.
A Global Demand Analysis of Vegetable Oils for Food and Industrial Use: A Cross Country Panel Data Analysis with Spatial Econometrics

This article analyzes global demand for major edible and non edible vegetable oils using cross country panel data from 1991 to 2011. A fixed effects model, accounting for spatial dependence of the residuals, is specified. Compared to food use, income elasticities are significantly higher for industrial use, suggesting that demand for non edible vegetable oils is expected to increase with the rise of global wealth in the future. Income elasticities will be useful for simulation research of estimating how much agricultural land needs to be developed in the future in order to meet an expected increase in demand for biofuel feedstocks.
An Integrated Model of RAF Inhibitor Action Predicts Inhibitor Activity against Oncogenic BRAF Signaling.
Venue: Cancer cell

The complex biochemical effects of RAF inhibitors account for both the effectiveness and mechanisms of resistance to these drugs, but a unified mechanistic model has been lacking. Here we show that RAF inhibitors exert their effects via two distinct allosteric mechanisms. Drug resistance due to dimerization is determined by the position of the aC helix stabilized by inhibitor, whereas inhibitor induced RAF priming and dimerization are the result of inhibitor induced formation of the RAF/RAS GTP complex. The biochemical effect of RAF inhibitor in cells is the combined outcome of the two mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies including aC helix IN inhibitors are more effective in multiple mutant BRAF driven tumor models, including colorectal and thyroid BRAF(V600E) cancers, in which first generation RAF inhibitors have been ineffective.
Resource recovery from anaerobic digestate: struvite crystallisation versus ammonia stripping

AbstractThe wide application of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of organic waste streams and high loaded wastewater results in the production of high quantities of anaerobic effluents. Such effluents are characterised by high nutrient content, this is why struvite crystallisation and ammonia stripping have gained interest as routes to nitrogen and phosphorus recovery. Pros and cons of both technologies have been analysed in this paper. Ammonia stripping coupled with absorption proved to be a suitable technical solution for the recovery and valorisation of the nitrogen contained in waste streams. Laboratory scale experiments result in more than 80% of ammonia recovery using this technique. However, since the crystallisation process can simultaneously remove and recover more than 90% P and N in stoichiometric ratio (according struvite formulation) from waste streams, it is considered the preferred technique. Both processes are environmentally friendly and cost effective in large scale facilities altho.
Women's Facial Redness Increases Their Perceived Attractiveness: Mediation Through Perceived Healthiness
Venue: Perception

In the present research, we investigated whether the red attraction relation that has been observed for men viewing women may also be observed with regard to women's facial redness. We manipulated facial redness by slightly increasing or decreasing the redness on the faces of baseline pictures of target women, and then had men judge the attractiveness of the women. We also examined healthiness perceptions as a mediator of the redness attraction relation, along with several other candidate mediator variables. A series of experiments showed that increased redness led to increased ratings of attractiveness, and decreased redness led to decreased ratings of attractiveness. Perceived healthiness was documented as a mediator of the influence of female facial redness on male perceptions of attractiveness, and this mediation was independent of other candidate mediator variables. The findings highlight the importance of attending to facial coloration as an attraction relevant cue and point to interesting areas for subsequent research.