nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A data analytic approach to forecasting daily stock returns in an emerging market
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

Forecasting stock market returns is a challenging task due to the complex nature of the data. This study develops a generic methodology to predict daily stock price movements by deploying and integrating three data analytical prediction models: adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines. The proposed approach is tested on the Borsa Istanbul BIST 100 Index over an 8 year period from 2007 to 2014, using accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity as metrics to evaluate each model. Using a ten fold stratified cross validation to minimize the bias of random sampling, this study demonstrates that the support vector machine outperforms the other models. For all three predictive models, accuracy in predicting down movements in the index outweighs accuracy in predicting the up movements. The study yields more accurate forecasts with fewer input factors compared to prior studies of forecasts for securities trading on Borsa Istanbul. This efficient yet also effective data analytic approach can easily be applied to other emerging market stock return series.
Application of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV LEDs) for water disinfection: A review.
Venue: Water research

Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is an effective technology for the inactivation of pathogens in water and is of growing interest for industrial application. A new UV source ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV LED) has emerged in the past decade with a number of advantages compared to traditional UV mercury lamps. This promising alternative raises great interest in the research on application of UV LEDs for water treatment. Studies on UV LED water disinfection have increased during the past few years. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent studies on UV LEDs with various wavelengths for the inactivation of different microorganisms. Many inconsistent and incomparable data were found from published studies, which underscores the importance of establishing a standard protocol for studying UV LED inactivation of microorganisms. Different UV sensitivities to UV LEDs and traditional UV lamps were observed in the literature for some microorganisms, which requires further investigation for a better understanding of microorganism response to UV LEDs. The unique aspects of UV LEDs improve inactivation effectiveness by applying LED special features, such as multiple wavelengths and pulsed illumination; however, more studies are needed to investigate the influencing factors and mechanisms. The special features of UV LEDs offer the flexibility of novel reactor designs for a broad application of UV LED reactors.
Numerical study of the effects of lamp configuration and reactor wall roughness in an open channel water disinfection UV reactor.
Venue: Chemosphere

This article describes the assessment of a numerical procedure used to determine the UV lamp configuration and surface roughness effects on an open channel water disinfection UV reactor. The performance of the open channel water disinfection UV reactor was numerically analyzed on the basis of the performance indictor reduction equivalent dose (RED) The RED values were calculated as a function of the Reynolds number to monitor the performance. The flow through the open channel UV reactor was modelled using a k e model with scalable wall function, a discrete ordinate (DO) model for fluence rate calculation, a volume of fluid (VOF) model to locate the unknown free surface, a discrete phase model (DPM) to track the pathogen transport, and a modified law of the wall to incorporate the reactor wall roughness effects. The performance analysis was carried out using commercial CFD software (ANSYS Fluent 15.0) Four case studies were analyzed based on open channel UV reactor type (horizontal and vertical) and lamp configuration (parallel and staggered) The results show that lamp configuration can play an important role in the performance of an open channel water disinfection UV reactor. The effects of the reactor wall roughness were Reynolds number dependent. The proposed methodology is useful for performance optimization of an open channel water disinfection UV reactor.
Generative Adversarial Text to Image Synthesis
Venue: ICML

Automatic synthesis of realistic images from text would be interesting and useful, but current AI systems are still far from this goal. However, in recent years generic and powerful recurrent neural network architectures have been developed to learn discriminative text feature representations. Meanwhile, deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (GANs) have begun to generate highly compelling images of specific categories, such as faces, album covers, and room interiors. In this work, we develop a novel deep architecture and GAN formulation to effectively bridge these advances in text and image modeling, translating visual concepts from characters to pixels. We demonstrate the capability of our model to generate plausible images of birds and flowers from detailed text descriptions.
How do the services of low cost carriers affect passengers' behavioral intentions to revisit a destination?

Understanding the main factors that affect travelers' behavioral intentions are essential for countries that intend to develop their tourism industry. This research investigates how the services of low cost carriers (LCCs) affect travelers' behavioral intentions to revisit and a willingness to recommend the destination to others. The results show that the perceived services of LCCs have a significantly positive effect on the destination's image, and the destination's image has a significantly positive effect on behavioral intentions.
Entry effect of low cost carriers on airport pairs demand model using market concentration approach

The trend of open sky policies and growth of low cost airlines, the topic of airport pairs demand is gradually being addressed in the golden aviation circle of Northeast Asia. The variety of flight services among the four major metropolises with dual airport systems leads to a competition cooperation relationship existing between various airports and airlines. Therefore, this study investigates the causal relationship between the route level passenger demand and influential factors using aggregate data collected through website observations. The empirical study focuses on direct flights of airport pair routes among Taipei, Shanghai, Seoul, and Tokyo. Results of the passenger regression model indicate that frequency, code share, and morning flights have positive impacts on increasing passenger numbers for airlines. Further, the market concentration degree of Herfindahl Hirschman Index and entry effect of low cost carriers are important for the route level passenger demand. In addition, routes with departures and arrivals in hub airports have a considerable attraction relative to other airport pair routes. Finally, the proposed passenger model performs well in predicting market share, especially for routes with high demand.
"I Have Ten Peer Reviewed Articles. Now What?" How Political Science Research Methods Textbooks Teach Students About Scholarly Context

This article examines the treatment of one aspect of information literacy establishing and understanding the scholarly context of research in political science research methods textbooks. This important information literacy skill speaks to the ability of students to synthesize and engage with information. We analyzed how the most commonly assigned research methods textbooks addressed how to understand and use scholarly research and how these discussions compare to national standards and performance indicators for information literacy. We find that there are substantial discussions of how to establish and understand the scholarly context, at least in some of the textbooks. These discussions tend to focus on teaching students how to write a literature review for their research projects, stressing the importance, one hand, of reading and understanding the scholarly literature, and, on the other, understanding the key debates and concepts in the literature. Only a handful of textbooks provide concrete advice to undergraduates about how to go about this process. We conclude with some suggestions about how instructors and librarians can work to do more to integrate the lessons from these textbooks into assignments and also course and curriculum design.
Genotype phenotype correlation and pregnancy outcomes of partial trisomy 14q: A systematic review
Venue: American journal of medical genetics. Part A

Over the last decade, several advances in ultrasound techniques, increasing availability of whole genome microarray testing, and overall expansion of our knowledge about the human genome have drastically enhanced our ability to detect chromosomal abnormalities prenatally. Despite that, genotype phenotype correlation is difficult to establish for many chromosomal aberrations, particularly for those that are rare, as it requires thorough analysis of a significant number of cases. This in turn increases the burden of the obstetric provider to appropriately counsel a patient regarding prognosis and pregnancy options in these complicated situations. Our experience in prenatal diagnosis and management of a fetus with multiple anomalies and partial trisomy for the 14q11 q24.2 prompted a comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature. Although complete non mosaic trisomy 14 is associated with first trimester miscarriages, partial trisomy 14q is a rare condition with undefined genotype phenotype correlation, preventing accurate prenatal counseling, and informed decision making. We performed a systematic literature review, that aimed to summarize prenatal and postnatal findings of individual case reports on 51 patients with partial trisomy 14q in order to elucidate genotype phenotype correlation, and to supply healthcare professionals with recommendation on essential fetal and parental testing for accurate diagnosis, pregnancy outcomes, and proper family counseling. Comparison of the clinical findings among the patients with partial 14q trisomy suggest that the resulting phenotype is likely to be influenced by the extent of the 14q trisomy segment, associated chromosomal imbalances, parental origin of the rearrangement, and dosage of the genes within the imprinted 14q32 cluster.
Habitual instigation and habitual execution: Definition, measurement, and effects on behaviour frequency.
Venue: British journal of health psychology

'Habit' is a process whereby situational cues generate behaviour automatically, via activation of learned cue behaviour associations. This article presents a conceptual and empirical rationale for distinguishing between two manifestations of habit in health behaviour, triggering selection and initiation of an action 'habitual instigation' or automating progression through subactions required to complete action 'habitual execution' We propose that habitual instigation accounts for habit action relationships, and is the manifestation captured by the Self Report Habit Index (SRHI) the dominant measure in health psychology.  Conceptual analysis and prospective survey.  Student participants (N 229) completed measures of intentions, the original, non specific SRHI, an instigation specific SRHI variant, an execution specific variant, and, 1 week later, behaviour, in three health domains (flossing, snacking, and breakfast consumption) Effects of habitual instigation and execution on behaviour were modelled using regression analyses, with simple slope analysis to test habit intention interactions. Relationships between instigation, execution, and non specific SRHI variants were assessed via correlations and factor analyses.  The instigation SRHI was uniformly more predictive of behaviour frequency than the execution SRHI and corresponded more closely with the original SRHI in correlation and factor analyses.  Further, experimental work is needed to separate the impact of the two habit manifestations more rigorously. Nonetheless, findings qualify calls for habit based interventions by suggesting that behaviour maintenance may be better served by habitual instigation and that disrupting habitual behaviour may depend on overriding habits of instigation. Greater precision of measurement may help to minimize confusion between habitual instigation and execution. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Habit is often used to understand, explain, and change health behaviour. Making behaviour habitual has been proposed as a means of maintaining behaviour change. Concerns have been raised about the extent to which health behaviour can be habitual. What does this study add? A conceptual and empirical rationale for discerning habitually instigated and habitually executed behaviour. Results show habit behaviour effects are mostly attributable to habitual instigation, not execution. The most common habit measure, the Self Report Habit Index, measures habitual instigation, not execution.
The Effects of Breakfast and Breakfast Composition on Cognition in Adults.
Venue: Advances in nutrition

Extensive literature has addressed the acute cognitive effects of breaking a fast. Recent reviews in this line of work have synthesized available research on the cognitive consequences of fasting compared with nutrient intake and the cognitive effects of macronutrient consumption. These largely have been inconclusive, possibly in part because of selection criteria limiting the scope of studies covered. The purpose of the current review is to integrate the results of the literature examining the cognitive effects of breakfast and breakfast composition in adults with the use of a flexible definition of breakfast, specifically, any caloric intake after a fasting period of =8 h. This review includes 38 studies that examine the acute cognitive impact of breakfast and 16 studies that examine the effects of breakfast composition. Results suggest that healthy adults show a small but robust advantage for memory (particularly delayed recall) from consuming breakfast. Largely equivocal results emerge for attention and motor and executive function; there were no effects from breakfast on language. Regarding breakfast composition, a smaller number of studies and widely disparate methodology addressing this question preclude definitive conclusions about the effects of cognition. A subset of this literature examines these questions in the context of glucoregulation; the findings emphasize the importance of considering differences in glucoregulation in research designs, even among healthy cohorts. The limitations of this literature include methodologic differences, such as the use of different tests to measure cognitive constructs, as well as the effects of timing in test administration.
ASSOCIATION OF MTHFR A1298C POLYMORPHISM WITH BREAST CANCER AND/OR OVARIAN CANCER RISK: AN UPDATED META ANALYSIS
Venue: African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines AJTCAM

Recent years have witnessed the discovery of similar gene variations between breast cancer and ovarian cancer, inherited breast and ovarian cancer in particular. A large number of case control studies have been conducted to explore the association of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) A1298C polymorphism with breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer risk. However, the results are still inconsistent and inconclusive. Consequently, we performed a meta analysis to evaluate the association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and breast, ovarian cancer risk.  A comprehensive retrieval was conducted in the electronic database of PubMed, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) until June 2015 to identify eligible studies. A total of 35 studies which examined the association of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism with breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer were identified. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95 confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the effect of gene polymorphism. And allele model, homozygous model, co dominant model, dominant model, recessive model were applied.  In the overall analysis, significantly increased breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer risk was found (for allele model A VS C OR 1.05, CI: 1.02 1.08, P 4kh10 3; for homozygous model AA VS CC OR 1.11, CI: 1.03 1.19, P 5kh10 3; for recessive model (AC +AA) VS CC: OR 1.10, CI: 1.03 1.18, P 7kh10 3) CONCLUSION In the subgroup analysis, significantly increased breast cancer risk was identified among Caucasians. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism might contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility. In addition, MTHFR A1298C polymorphism had a significant association with breast cancer in Caucasians.
A Cross Cultural Analysis of Advertisements from High Context Cultures and Low Context Cultures

With the development of economy and the change of social culture, advertisements have penetrated our life slowly and done a lot to the commercial markets. Advertisements have often been analyzed in a stylistic way for its unique language style. But language is an important part, as well as a carrier, of culture. Advertising language, as other kinds of languages, is also a significant component of culture and is a comprehensive collection of different aspects of culture. In turn, it reflects culture in its own way. A cultural pattern, put forward by Edward T. Hall and called "high context" and "low context" communication, will be focused on to analyze different advertisements from these two cultures.
Bridging the qualitative quantitative divide: Experiences from conducting a mixed methods evaluation in the RUCAS programme.
Venue: Evaluation and program planning

Quantitative and qualitative approaches to planning and evaluation in education for sustainable development have often been treated by practitioners from a single research paradigm. This paper discusses the utility of mixed method evaluation designs which integrate qualitative and quantitative data through a sequential transformative process. Sequential mixed method data collection strategies involve collecting data in an iterative process whereby data collected in one phase contribute to data collected in the next. This is done through examples from a programme addressing the 'Reorientation of University Curricula to Address Sustainability (RUCAS) A European Commission Tempus funded Programme' It is argued that the two approaches are complementary and that there are significant gains from combining both. Using methods from both research paradigms does not, however, mean that the inherent differences among epistemologies and methodologies should be neglected. Based on this experience, it is recommended that using a sequential transformative mixed method evaluation can produce more robust results than could be accomplished using a single approach in programme planning and evaluation focussed on education for sustainable development.
Structural Deep Network Embedding
Venue: KDD

Network embedding is an important method to learn low dimensional representations of vertexes in networks, aiming to capture and preserve the network structure. Almost all the existing network embedding methods adopt shallow models. However, since the underlying network structure is complex, shallow models cannot capture the highly non linear network structure, resulting in sub optimal network representations. Therefore, how to find a method that is able to effectively capture the highly non linear network structure and preserve the global and local structure is an open yet important problem. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose a Structural Deep Network Embedding method, namely SDNE. More specifically, we first propose a semi supervised deep model, which has multiple layers of non linear functions, thereby being able to capture the highly non linear network structure. Then we propose to exploit the first order and second order proximity jointly to preserve the network structure. The second order proximity is used by the unsupervised component to capture the global network structure. While the first order proximity is used as the supervised information in the supervised component to preserve the local network structure. By jointly optimizing them in the semi supervised deep model, our method can preserve both the local and global network structure and is robust to sparse networks. Empirically, we conduct the experiments on five real world networks, including a language network, a citation network and three social networks. The results show that compared to the baselines, our method can reconstruct the original network significantly better and achieves substantial gains in three applications, i.e. multi label classification, link prediction and visualization.
Individual differences in male voice fundamental frequency emerge before puberty and remain stable throughout adulthood. Royal Society Open Science (manuscript RSOS 160395) Dataset accompanying research article

Voice pitch (the perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency, F0) varies considerably even among individuals of the same sex and age, communicating a host of socially and evolutionarily relevant information. However, due to the almost exclusive utilization of cross sectional designs in previous studies, it remains unknown whether these individual differences in voice pitch emerge before, during, or after sexual maturation, and whether voice pitch remains stable into adulthood. Here, we measured the F0 parameters of men who were recorded once every seven years from age 7 to 56 as they participated in the British documentary Up Series. Linear mixed models revealed significant effects of age on all F0 parameters, wherein F0 mean, minimum, maximum, and the standard deviation of F0 showed sharp pubertal decreases between age 7 and 21, yet remained remarkably stable after age 28. Critically, men's pre pubertal F0 at age 7 strongly predicted their F0 at every subsequent adult age, explaining up to 64% of the variance in men's post pubertal voice pitches. This finding suggests that within individual differences in voice pitch that are known to play an important role in men's reproductive success are in fact largely determined by age 7, and may therefore be linked to pre natal and/or pre pubertal androgen exposure.
Former Ottomans in the ranks: pro Entente military recruitment among Syrians in the Americas, 1916 18*
Venue: Journal of Global History

For half a million 'Syrian' Ottoman subjects living outside the empire, the First World War initiated a massive political rift with Istanbul. Beginning in 1916, Syrian and Lebanese emigrants from both North and South America sought to enlist, recruit, and conscript immigrant men into the militaries of the Entente. Employing press items, correspondence, and memoirs written by emigre recruiters during the war, this article reconstructs the transnational networks that facilitated the voluntary enlistment of an estimated 10,000 Syrian emigrants into the armies of the Entente, particularly the United States Army after 1917. As Ottoman nationals, many Syrian recruits used this as a practical means of obtaining American citizenship and shedding their legal ties to Istanbul. Emigre recruiters folded their military service into broader goals for 'Syrian' and 'Lebanese' national liberation under the auspices of American political support.
EXAMINING THE INTEGRATION AND INCLUSION OF SYRIAN REFUGEES THROUGH THE LENS OF PERSONAL CONSTRUCT

In this article, we discuss the usefulness of Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) to examine the integration and inclusion of Syrian refugees, who are facing an urgent humanitarian crisis. As Syrians are fleeing their country and seeking asylum in Europe and North America, online transnational conversations are bursting with debates between people who wish to accept them and people who reject them. We discuss how Kelly's (1955) PCP theory sheds light on the issues, through the lens of people's constructs. We consider the postulate and eleven corollaries and identify their applicability to possible constructs regarding the crisis.