nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DoReFa Net: Training Low Bitwidth Convolutional Neural Networks with Low Bitwidth Gradients
Venue: ArXiv

We propose DoReFa Net, a method to train convolutional neural networks that have low bitwidth weights and activations using low bitwidth parameter gradients. In particular, during backward pass, parameter gradients are stochastically quantized to low bitwidth numbers before being propagated to convolutional layers. As convolutions during forward/backward passes can now operate on low bitwidth weights and activations/gradients respectively, DoReFa Net can use bit convolution kernels to accelerate both training and inference. Moreover, as bit convolutions can be efficiently implemented on CPU, FPGA, ASIC and GPU, DoReFa Net opens the way to accelerate training of low bitwidth neural network on these hardware. Our experiments on SVHN and ImageNet datasets prove that DoReFa Net can achieve comparable prediction accuracy as 32 bit counterparts. For example, a DoReFa Net derived from AlexNet that has 1 bit weights, 2 bit activations, can be trained from scratch using 6 bit gradients to get 46.1\ top 1 accuracy on ImageNet validation set. The DoReFa Net AlexNet model is released publicly.
High incidence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in East Asian children: a nationwide survey in Japan (JP SHINE study)
Venue: Clinical and Experimental Nephrology

BackgroundLittle is known regarding the epidemiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in East Asia. Previous studies have suggested higher incidence of INS in Asian children, though decreasing trend of its incidence has also been shown.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide study of Japanese children aged 6 months to 15 years with INS. Children who were newly diagnosed with INS between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012 were eligible. Children with congenital nephrotic syndrome or nephrotic syndrome secondary to nephritis were excluded. total of 2099 children were initially diagnosed with INS and were followed for up to 4 years. The estimated incidence of INS was 6.49 cases/100,000 children per year, without clear correlation with geographical region. The male:female ratio was 1.9 and approximately 50 of children were <5 years old at diagnosis. During the 1 4 years follow up, 32.7 developed frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome and steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome.ConclusionsBased on our nationwide survey, the incidence of INS in Japanese children is approximately 3 4 times higher than that in Caucasians. However, the male:female ratio and the age at onset were similar to those in previous studies. We are now planning a prospective cohort study to examine the course of INS in Japan.
Does director level reputation matter? Evidence from bank loan contracting

This paper investigates whether the reputation of non CEO inside director matters in bank loan contracting. We posit that reputable inside directors (RIDs) can improve the quality of borrowers' financial reporting and reduce agency risk in loan contracting. Based on a regression analysis of 5104 loan facilities during 1999 2007, we find that borrowers with RIDs enjoy lower loan interest rates and fewer restrictive covenants, and are less likely to have loans secured by collateral, than borrowers without RIDs. Our empirical results also show that RIDs help to obtain favorable loan terms mainly through alleviating ex ante information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. Further categorizing RIDs into CFO directors and other inside directors, we find that the effects of RIDs on loan spread and collateral requirements are significant for both CFO directors and other inside directors, while other inside directors have a more significant impact on financial covenants than CFO directors. Our findings are robust to controlling for RID characteristics and independent director reputation, and addressing the endogeneity concerns of RIDs, as well as the joint determination of various loan contracting terms.
Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A in Infants with Refractory Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 10 Year Retrospective Study.
Venue: PM R the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation

of anaesthesia and cardiac risks with surgery. 3. Surgery carries risk of complications including fatality in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. 4. Cochrane data base found no randomized controlled clinical trials available to evaluate the effectiveness of scoliosis surgery in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and no evidencebased recommendation can be made for clinical practice 5. Surgery does not improve posture in Duchenne dystrophy but may worsen physical functioning even at wheelchair level 6. There is no evidence respiratory is improved after scoliosis surgery in Duchenne dystrophy.
The Impact of Job Satisfaction and Knowledge Sharing on Employee Performance

The aim of this particular study was to analyse the impact of job satisfaction and knowledge sharing on employee performance. Quantitative research approach was used to collect data and to analyse the extent to which knowledge sharing and job satisfaction influence employee productivity in the oil and gas industry. The close ended questionnaire was administered to employees of oil sector. Response rate of 63% was achieved in survey. It was concluded that job satisfaction in oil and gas industry is highly correlated with management support and technology use. However, it is least correlated with autonomy and rewards. Employees were less likely to get additional chances of promotions for knowledge sharing with others.  Job satisfaction, knowledge sharing, employee performance
Comparison of efficacy of chemical peeling with 25% trichloroacetic acid and 0.1% retinoic acid for facial rejuvenation
Venue: Postepy dermatologii i alergologii

Skin aging is a problem which negatively affects the psyche of the person, social relations, as well as work life and health and which compels the patients to find appropriate treatment methods. Numerous treatment methods have been developed in order to delay aging and to reduce the aging effects in addition to having a younger, healthier and more beautiful facial appearance.  To compare the efficiency, cosmetic results and possible adverse effects of the peeling treatment with 25% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 0.1% retinoic acid for facial rejuvenation in patients presenting with skin aging.  Fifty female patients in total presenting with medium and advanced degree skin aging were subject to this study. Two separate treatment groups were formed; the first group underwent chemical skin treatment with 25% TCA while the other group was applied with 0.1% retinoic acid treatment. Following the 4 months' treatment the patients were controlled three times in total for post lesional hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, scars, skin irritation and other possible changes per month. The pretreatment and first follow up visit, and final control images were comparatively evaluated by three observers via specific software.  The healing rates of the group subject to retinoic acid were statistically higher (p 0.05) compared to patients in the TCA group in the final follow up visit following the treatment according to the first and second observers. On the other hand, according to the third observer, patients applied with retinoic acid presented with higher healing rates compared to those treated with TCA, however; this rate was not statistically significant (p 0.05) The frequency of TCA and retinoic acid associated adverse effects was similar in both groups (p 0.05) As a result of both treatments, a reduction in the quality of life scores as well as a pronounced recovery (p 0.001) in the quality of life of those patients with skin aging was observed.  The photo aging treatment option with 0.1% retinoic acid is cheaper and more feasible for patients compared to 25% TCA, and it is also as reliable and effective as TCA.
Fabrication of Chromatographic Devices for Screening Cosmetics for Hydroquinone and Retinoic Acid as a Chemistry Project to Connect with the Community.

This article demonstrates how a student research project could connect classroom and community. Using local citizens' concerns about the adulteration of cosmetics by prohibited substances as a research problem, fifth year pharmaceutical chemistry students were challenged to use their knowledge to create cost effective and environmentally friendly chromatographic devices from easily obtainable materials. After validation of the procedure, the devices were utilized for screening skin whitening and antiwrinkle cosmetic samples submitted to the faculty through the community service program for the screening of hydroquinone and retinoic acid. Coactivities such as delivery of health education to the community and program evaluation were also conducted by students to promote their community engagement and work experience in a real world context. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from the project was passed on to younger students to illustrate in lectures and stimulate their interest in chemistry. The project was.
Systems genetics identifies a convergent gene network for cognition and neurodevelopmental disease
Venue: Nature Neuroscience

Genetic determinants of cognition are poorly characterized, and their relationship to genes that confer risk for neurodevelopmental disease is unclear. Here we performed a systems level analysis of genome wide gene expression data to infer gene regulatory networks conserved across species and brain regions. Two of these networks, M1 and M3, showed replicable enrichment for common genetic variants underlying healthy human cognitive abilities, including memory. Using exome sequence data from 6,871 trios, we found that M3 genes were also enriched for mutations ascertained from patients with neurodevelopmental disease generally, and intellectual disability and epileptic encephalopathy in particular. M3 consists of 150 genes whose expression is tightly developmentally regulated, but which are collectively poorly annotated for known functional pathways. These results illustrate how systems level analyses can reveal previously unappreciated relationships between neurodevelopmental disease associated genes in the developed human brain, and provide empirical support for a convergent gene regulatory network influencing cognition and neurodevelopmental disease.
Data driven network modelling of disease transmission using complete population movement data: spread of VTEC O157 in Swedish cattle
Venue: Veterinary Research

European Union legislation requires member states to keep national databases of all bovine animals. This allows for disease spread models that includes the time varying contact network and population demographic. However, performing data driven simulations with a high degree of detail are computationally challenging. We have developed an efficient and flexible discrete event simulator SimInf for stochastic disease spread modelling that divides work among multiple processors to accelerate the computations. The model integrates disease dynamics as continuous time Markov chains and livestock data as events. In this study, all Swedish livestock data (births, movements and slaughter) from July 1st 2005 to December 31st 2013 were included in the simulations. Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (VTEC O157) are capable of causing serious illness in humans. Cattle are considered to be the main reservoir of the bacteria. A better understanding of the epidemiology in the cattle population is necessary to be able to design and deploy targeted measures to reduce the VTEC O157 prevalence and, subsequently, human exposure. To explore the spread of VTEC O157 in the entire Swedish cattle population during the period under study, a within and between herd disease spread model was used. Real livestock data was incorporated to model demographics of the population. Cattle were moved between herds according to real movement data. The results showed that the spatial pattern in prevalence may be due to regional differences in livestock movements. However, the movements, births and slaughter of cattle could not explain the temporal pattern of VTEC O157 prevalence in cattle, despite their inherently distinct seasonality.
Minimising makespan in the two stage assembly hybrid flow shop scheduling problem using artificial immune systems

Two stage hybrid flow shop (HFS) scheduling problem followed by single assembly machine is addressed in this paper. To produce the final product, parts need to be processed on the HFS stages and thereafter, several parts are joined under the assembly operations based on the predefined Bill of Materials of the product. The aim of this research is to find the schedule which minimises completion time of the last product, i.e. makespan. For the considered problem, lower bound, heuristic algorithms and two metaheuristic techniques based on artificial immune system are developed. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed lower bound and heuristic algorithms outperform the existent lower bounds and heuristic algorithms.
Musical landscapes of Lihir: exploring performance and place in a museum exhibition

The exhibition, 'Musical Landscapes of Lihir' curated in collaboration with the Lihir Cultural Heritage Association, presented artefacts of performance culture from the Lihir Islands in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. An example of ecomusicological research, the exhibition ran from March 1 through to August 4, 2013 at The University of Queensland Anthropology Museum, Brisbane, Australia. The exhibition brought together contemporary Lihir items related to performance (many of which were made especially for the exhibition) an international loan of Lihir artefacts from The Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, USA, and multimedia items including film and sound recordings that set the audio and visual scene. The aims of the exhibition were multiple: to showcase Lihir culture to the outside world, to illustrate the range of performance practices in Lihir, and to interrogate the relationship of these practices to the Lihir landscape. This chapter gives the curatorial perspective on how this nexus between performance and the Lihir environment was addressed, and examines some of the curatorial decisions, relationships built, and challenges surrounding the display of Lihir performance culture in the museum context.
Active plasmonic band stop filters based on graphene metamaterial at THz wavelengths.
Venue: Optics express

Active plasmonic band stop filters based on single and double layer doped graphene metamaterials at the THz wavelengths are proposed and investigated numerically by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The metamaterial unit cell structure is composed of two parallel graphene nanoscale ribbons. Simulated results exhibit that significant resonance wavelength shifts can be achieved with a slight variation of the doping concentration of the graphene ribbons. Besides, the asymmetry double layer graphene metamaterial device has two apparent filter dips while the symmetry single double layer and asymmetry single layer graphene metamaterial devices just only one. The metamaterials with symmetry single layer and asymmetry double layer graphene can be used as a high sensitivity refractive sensor with the sensitivity up to 5100 nm/RIU and a two circuit switch, respectively. These prospects pave the way towards ultrafast active graphene based plasmonic devices for THz applications.
Atomic Scale Plasmonic Switch.
Venue: Nano letters

The atom sets an ultimate scaling limit to Moore's law in the electronics industry. While electronics research already explores atomic scales devices, photonics research still deals with devices at the micrometer scale. Here we demonstrate that photonic scaling, similar to electronics, is only limited by the atom. More precisely, we introduce an electrically controlled plasmonic switch operating at the atomic scale. The switch allows for fast and reproducible switching by means of the relocation of an individual or, at most, a few atoms in a plasmonic cavity. Depending on the location of the atom either of two distinct plasmonic cavity resonance states are supported. Experimental results show reversible digital optical switching with an extinction ratio of 9.2 dB and operation at room temperature up to MHz with femtojoule (fJ) power consumption for a single switch operation. This demonstration of an integrated quantum device allowing to control photons at the atomic level opens intriguing perspectives for a fully integrated and highly scalable chip platform, a platform where optics, electronics, and memory may be controlled at the single atom level.
Visual and instrumental shade matching using CIELAB and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas.
Venue: Dental materials official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials

To compare visual and instrumental shade matching performances using two shade guides and three color difference formulas.  One hundred dental students (DS) volunteers (35 males and 65 females) with normal color vision participated in the study. The spectral reflectance of 4 extracted human upper central incisors (UCI) and shade tabs from Vita Classical (VC) and Vita Toothguide 3D Master (3D) shade guides were measured using a spectroradiometer (SP) under D65 illuminant (diffuse/0deg geometry) inside a viewing booth with a gray background. Color coordinates (CIE L* a* b* C* and hdeg) were calculated according to CIE D65 illuminant and CIE 2deg Standard Observer. Color coordinates of UCI were also evaluated using a dental spectrophotometer (EA Easyshade Advance) DS used VC and 3D to visually select the best shade match for each UCI, under same experimental conditions used for the SP evaluation. Three color difference metrics (CIELAB, CIEDE2000(1:1:1) and CIEDE2000(2:1:1) were used to calculate the best instrumental shade matching based on minimum color difference.  The agreement between visual and instrumental shade matching was greater using SP (25 75% than EA (0 25% The percentage of best match for the visual assessment was more consistent using VC (23 55% than 3D (19 34% Considering the best performance (using SP and VC) the CIEDE2000(2:1:1) color difference formula showed the best estimate to the visual perception from DS.  Within the limitations of this study, combining the use of SP, CIEDE2000(2:1:1) and Vita Classical shade guide most closely represented the visual perception of DS. Instrumental shade determination should be accompanied by experienced human visual assessment.
Comparison of the CIELab and CIEDE2000 color difference formulas.
Venue: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry

Many color specification systems and color differences have been proposed to improve the correlation between color measurement and visual perception. Although color differences can be quantified using either the CIELab formula (DE*(ab) or the recently introduced CIEDE2000 formula (DE00) which captures the perceived color difference better is unknown.  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CIELab and CIEDE2000 formulas to determine which best reflects the difference in color perception and whether color perception differs by sex.  Forty participants grouped 18 dental resin disks (color range: from 73.6 to 87.5 for L* from 1.6 to 3.4 for a* from 18.1 to 36.6 for b* the only requirement being that each group was formed of disks with chromatically indistinguishable colors. Each participant was free to choose the number and composition of the groups. With the results obtained, a dissimilarity matrix was generated, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to it to obtain the coordinates of the disks within a Euclidean space.  The linear correlation coefficient between the interpoint distances of the MDS configuration (MDS_total sample) and the color differences with the CIELab formula (DE*(ab) was 0.176 (P=.029) whereas with the CIEDE2000 formula (DE00) it was 0.289 (P<.001) For the configuration obtained in the women's group (MDS_w) the correlation between the interpoint distances and the CIELab color differences was 0.230 (P=.004) and the CIEDE2000 color difference was 0.328 (P<.001) For the configuration obtained in the men's group (MDS_m) the color differences calculated with both formulas reflected the perceived differences more poorly.  Within the limitations of this study, the CIEDE2000 formula reflected the color differences perceived by the human eye better than the CIELab formula (DE*ab) In addition, women were confirmed to be more sensitive than men to color differences.
Examination of Natural Tooth Color Distribution Using Visual and Instrumental Shade Selection Methods

Although visual color determination is the most frequently applied method in dentistry, instrumental color analysis offers advantages like objectivity, measurability and rapidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural teeth color in teeth without any restoration visually, and by using a computerized shade measuring and analyzing system in the population.  202 patients were inspected. Before instrumental shade matching visual matching was done by the inspector with Vitapan 3D Master Shade Guide in the day light. Images were taken with computerized shade measuring and analyzing system from patients' natural right or left maxillary incisors and canines without any restoration. Then these images were evaluated by the original software of its own.  Value differences between visual and instrumental shade matching were statistically significant. Darker value levels were obtained with instrumental measurement. The distribution of hue was more reddish in instrumental examination than visual examination. Significant difference was found at cervical and middle third of the tooth in both visual and instrumental determination of chroma. Chroma of the tooth was higher at these two regions in visual assessment.  Teeth colors were distributed more uniform in visual shade matching compared to instrumental matching. However, some teeth shades were more common in instrumental matching. Value scores were found higher with instrumental shade matching. Individual selection of shades for each tooth and different regions of a tooth instead of a single color is considered to be a factor to increase the success of the restoration.