nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Signatures of Natural Selection for Polymorphic Genes of the Human Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Systems: A Review
Venue: Front. Psychol.

A large body of research has examined the behavioral and mental health consequences of polymorphisms in genes of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. Along with this, there has been considerable interest in the possibility that these polymorphisms have developed and/or been maintained due to the action of natural selection. Episodes of natural selection on a gene are expected to leave molecular "footprints" in the DNA sequences of the gene and adjacent genomic regions. Here we review the research literature investigating molecular signals of selection for genes of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. The gene SLC6A4, which codes for a serotonin transport protein, was the one gene for which there was consistent support from multiple studies for a selective episode. Positive selection on SLC6A4 appears to have been initiated 20 25,000 years ago in east Asia and possibly in Europe. There are scattered reports of molecular signals of selection for other neurotransmitter genes, but these have generally failed at replication across studies. In spite of speculation in the literature about selection on these genes, current evidence from population genomic analyses supports selectively neutral processes, such as genetic drift and population dynamics, as the principal drivers of recent evolution in dopaminergic and serotonergic genes other than SLC6A4.
The Prison Boom and Sentencing Policy
Venue: The Journal of Legal Studies

The existing literature on the role of changes in sentencing policies as drivers of growth in prison populations contains findings that appear contradictory. We present a new method for characterizing changes in the severity of expected punishments for offenders and build a new simulation model based on this method. We provide clear evidence that changes in sentencing policy drove recent growth in prison populations in the United States, and our approach sheds light on the reasons that some previous studies did not reach this conclusion. The shift to more punitive sentencing policies had a disproportionate effect on black communities, even though, for the most part, this shift did not target blacks or crimes that blacks commit relatively more than whites.
Thickness Dependence of the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator Films.
Venue: Advanced materials

The evolution of the quantum anomalous Hall effect with the thickness of Cr doped (Bi,Sb)2 Te3 magnetic topological insulator films is studied, revealing how the effect is caused by the interplay of the surface states, band bending, and ferromagnetic exchange energy. Homogeneity in ferromagnetism is found to be the key to high temperature quantum anomalous Hall material.
Decolonizing Trauma Studies: Trauma and Postcolonialism

This volume is reprinted from the Special Issue of Humanities, 'Decolonizing Trauma Studies: Trauma and Postcolonialism' The Special Issue explores the complex and contested relationship between trauma studies and postcolonial criticism, focusing on the ongoing project to create a decolonised trauma theory that attends to and accounts for the suffering of minority groups and non Western cultures, broadly defined as cultures beyond Western Europe and North America. The issue builds on the insights of, inter alia, Stef Craps's book, Postcolonial Witnessing, and responds to his challenge to interrogate and move beyond a Eurocentric trauma paradigm. The essays examine literary and cultural texts from a wide range of postcolonial locales including Australia, New Zealand, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Haiti, the Philippines, and Eastern Europe, as well as exploring minority literary and cultural practices within Western European nations such as Britain. The volume concludes with a round table discussion between noted trauma theorists Stef Craps, Bryan Cheyette and Alan Gibbs.
Neoliberal postcolonialism in the media: Constructing Filipino nurse subjects in Finland

In 2007, a private recruitment agency started recruiting nurses from the Philippines to private elderly care homes and to operation wards in Finland. Although less than a hundred nurses have been recruited to Finland, the recruitment has received extensive media attention. Applying discourse analysis to the media data, the article analyzes the ways in which Filipino subjects were constructed by the Finnish media. We distinguish three types of categories relating to Filipino nurses as 'good migrant/suspect worker' 'global commodity' and as a 'colonized subject' The article argues that the discourse depicting Filipino subjects is a form of neoliberal postcolonialism, which combines a global geography of colonial power with a discourse of individualized economic risks and responsibilities.
ON THE BOUNDS FOR DIAGONAL AND OFF DIAGONAL ELEMENTS OF THE HAT MATRIX IN THE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL

In the least squares analysis, an appropriate criterion to detect potentially influential observations, either individually or jointly, deals with the values of corresponding Hat matrix elements. Hence, some conditions for which these elements give the extreme values are interesting in the model sensitivity analysis. In this article, we find a new and sharper lower bound for off diagonal elements of the Hat matrix in the intercept model, which is shorter than those for the no intercept model. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on the space of design matrix, under which the corresponding Hat matrix elements get desired extreme values.  Hat matrix; high leverage; influential observations; linear regression model.
Facile synthesis of sewage sludge derived in situ multi doped nanoporous carbon material for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction
Venue: Scientific reports

Developing efficient, low cost, and stable carbon based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace the expensive platinum based electrocatalysts remains a major challenge that hamper the practical application of fuel cells. Here, we report that N, Fe, and S co doped nanoporous carbon material, derived via a facile one step pyrolysis of sewage sludge, the major byproduct of wastewater treatment, can serve as an effective electrocatalyst for ORR. Except for the comparable catalytic activity with commercial 20% Pt/C via a nearly four electron transfer pathway in both alkaline and acid medium, the as synthesized co doped electrocatalyst also exhibits excellent methanol crossover resistance and outstanding long term operation stability. The organic compounds in sewage sludge act as the carbon source and the in situ N and S dopant in the fabrication, while the inorganic compounds serve as the in built template and the in situ Fe dopant. Our protocol demonstrates a new approach in the economic and eco friendly benign reuse of sewage sludge, and also provides a straightforward route for synthesizing excellent carbon based electrocatalysts as promising candidates for ORR directly from a type of waste/pollution.
Fe/Nanoporous Carbon Catalysts Obtained from Molasses for the Limonene Oxidation Process
Venue: Catalysis Letters

Iron/nanoporous carbon catalysts (Fe/NPC) were used in the studies on limonene oxidation employing methanol as a solvent and aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. The nanoporous carbon support of the catalyst was produced from molasses, a sugar refinery waste product. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the preparation of nanoporous carbon from molasses. The content of iron in the Fe/NPC catalysts studied included 0.68, 1.32 and 2.64 wt% Fe. The products of the limonene oxidation process were 1,2 epoxylimonene and its diol, carveol and perillyl alcohol, which are compounds with a large number of applications. The conversion of limonene reached 60 mol% The "pure" NPC material was also active in the oxidation process. The utilized catalytic system is simple and cheap, and the use of environmentally friendly H2O2 and the natural product limonene signify that this process can be considered as a "green process" The results of the current research indicate that the utilization of molasses for the preparation of the carbonaceous catalysts active in the limonene oxidation is feasible, and these catalysts could be used in numerous industrial oxidation processes.
Automatic Identifying Rhythm of Arabic Poem

The poem in the Arabic language is a composition of verse to describe the sense of people to effect and share the feeling with listeners, the poem written in separate lines, that usually has figurative language and has a repeated rhythm and rhyme. Al Khaleel Bin Ahmad Al Frahide is the inventor of 'AlOrood' (Dwr`l) poem template science (PTS) He invented weighting of Arabic poem which identifies poem. The Arabic poem contains one or more poem segments (PS) (tybl) The PS is a correct construction lyrics group, weighted according to the knowledge of the rules and RS, be in the same unit matching by a specific 'TafEelAh' @ly`ft) musical pattern (MP) The Arabic PS classified according to how it matches with (rHb) poem template (PT)
Applying different classification techniques in reciprocal job recommender system for considering job candidate preferences
Venue: 2016 11th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST)

In this paper, a reciprocal job recommendation system, CCRS (Classification Candidate Reciprocal Recommendation) is proposed. With this proposed system, offering job advertisements in a sequence for candidates that they can get feedback reciprocally by using the user's profile, interaction and preference information is aimed all together. An approach has been used based on the preference information of the candidates to determine the jobs' order in the proposed list and the success of different classification methods has been compared to estimate the feedback rate of the advertisements for the target candidate. CCRS also addresses the cold start problem of new candidates joining the site by providing recommendations based on their profiles. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by using various performance measurements on an actual data set received from an online recruiting website. Evaluation results show that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods for the top 10 ranked recommendations.
User interaction analysis to recommend suitable jobs in career oriented social networking sites
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE)

Career oriented social networking sites are very much useful for job seekers to find a suitable job and useful for recruiters as well to find the right candidate for a job. Job recommendation system helps job seekers to find appropriate jobs matching with their profile. So, it can be considered as recruiters approaching a suitable candidate whenever they have an appropriate job for them. In this paper, we present a research technique of developing a job recommendation system for the online job hunting websites to predict suitable job postings that are likely to be relevant to the user i.e. the job postings with which the users can possibly interact. Relevant jobs are those job postings on which a user may click, bookmark or reply to the recruiter. Here, we have considered all possible factors related to users as well as job items available in a publicly available partial big data set of a widely used international job hunting website. We have split the interaction data into training and test data for the purpose of evaluating our proposed system. After that we have developed an algorithm for job recommender system which can calculate similarity for user user, item item and hybrid of user user and item item perspective between training and test data set based on weighted scores using our proposed similarity computation algorithm for different jobs and users all the information present in the dataset. We have used Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithm separately for user user and item item based approach and for hybrid approach, we have calculated the intersection between user user and item item based recommended list and select top k job items as recommended lists from the intersection. After that, we have compared the predicted recommended list based on all three approaches with the actual list and made offline evaluation of the job recommender system accuracy based on obtained score. Finally we have found that hybrid approach performs better than user user and item item based approach for entire 90% sparsity of the training data.
Beyond Color Difference: Residual Interpolation for Color Image Demosaicking
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

In this paper, we propose residual interpolation (RI) as an alternative to color difference interpolation, which is a widely accepted technique for color image demosaicking. Our proposed RI performs the interpolation in a residual domain, where the residuals are differences between observed and tentatively estimated pixel values. Our hypothesis for the RI is that if image interpolation is performed in a domain with a smaller Laplacian energy, its accuracy is improved. Based on the hypothesis, we estimate the tentative pixel values to minimize the Laplacian energy of the residuals. We incorporate the RI into the gradient based threshold free algorithm, which is one of the state of the art Bayer demosaicking algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed demosaicking algorithm using the RI surpasses the state of the art algorithms for the Kodak, the IMAX, and the beyond Kodak data sets.
Detection of Moving Objects Using Fuzzy Color Difference Histogram Based Background Subtraction
Venue: IEEE Signal Processing Letters

Detection of moving objects in the presence of complex scenes such as dynamic background (e.g, swaying vegetation, ripples in water, spouting fountain) illumination variation, and camouflage is a very challenging task. In this context, we propose a robust background subtraction technique with three contributions. First, we present the use of color difference histogram (CDH) in the background subtraction algorithm. This is done by measuring the color difference between a pixel and its neighbors in a small local neighborhood. The use of CDH reduces the number of false errors due to the non stationary background, illumination variation and camouflage. Secondly, the color difference is fuzzified with a Gaussian membership function. Finally, a novel fuzzy color difference histogram (FCDH) is proposed by using fuzzy c means (FCM) clustering and exploiting the CDH. The use of FCM clustering algorithm in CDH reduces the large dimensionality of the histogram bins in the computation and also lessens the effect of intensity variation generated due to the fake motion or change in illumination of the background. The proposed algorithm is tested with various complex scenes of some benchmark publicly available video sequences. It exhibits better performance over the state of the art background subtraction techniques available in the literature in terms of classification accuracy metrics like MCC and PCC.
Expressing stance in undergraduate writing: Discipline specific and general qualities

The expression of stance defined broadly as expression of attitudes, epistemic judgments, and interactional involvement is increasingly recognized as an important, though hidden, feature of both expert and student academic writing, one with potentially "much impact on the success of writing" Wingate, 2012 p. 147) The study this article reports is motivated by the question of whether there are stance taking qualities in undergraduate students' coursework writing that, in addition to being valued within specific course contexts, are valued across contexts. Specifically, it presents results from a corpus based comparative analysis of stance in high and low graded papers written in two distinct undergraduate courses at a university in the United States. The investigation reveals both contextual specificity and overlap across the HG papers. It shows that the HG papers in both courses expressed stance with significantly greater frequency than the corresponding LG papers and in ways that project greater contrastiveness, critical distance, and positive alignment with disciplinary concepts. These three stance qualities, I suggest, are a part of a general novice academic stance that may be implicitly expected in students' coursework writing across a range of contexts, especially formal assignments calling for "critical analysis" and evidence based argumentation.
The Impacts of Domain General vs. Domain Specific Diagramming Tools on Writing
Venue: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Argument diagramming is the process of spatially representing an argument by its component parts and their relationships. A growing body of evidence supports the use of argument diagramming to aid student learning and writing within disciplines including science education. However, most of these studies have focused on basic contrasts between diagramming and no diagramming. The purpose of this study was to learn how different diagramming frameworks affect the benefits afforded by argument diagramming. Three groups of undergraduate students in psychology research methods lab courses were given either no diagramming support, support with a domain general framework, or support with a domain specific framework to help them write a research paper introduction. Students given any diagramming support included more relevant citations and considered opposing citations in their papers. Students using the domain specific framework wrote more about the scientific validity of cited studies than the other two groups, whereas students using the domain general framework trended towards included more supporting citations.
Using authentic language data to teach discipline specific writing patterns to STEM students
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (IPCC)

Technical and scientific writing service courses offer instructors the opportunity to engage with student populations from across the university. However, it is also this interdisciplinary appeal that has complicated the quality of instruction, particularly for STEM majors. The heterogeneous student population in our service courses often results in generic instruction that contradicts how STEM practitioners communicate on the job. We offer corpus linguistic approaches as a solution for teaching variation in writing classes. Engaging students with authentic language data helps them understand the patterns used in their discipline rather than reinforce general, and potentially prescriptive, writing principles. We focus our study on the presence of passive voice and reporting verbs in a corpus of student written critical reviews and white papers. Our results indicated that students applied passive voice in both text types, contradicting the advice of most generalist technical writing textbooks. More importantly, students appeared to use passive voice with an intent, often as a way to stay on topic. Our results also demonstrated that students used a variety of reporting verbs, notably show, believe, and conclude. Overall, these findings suggest ways that technical and scientific writing instructors can integrate corpus research into their classrooms.
Cable Bacteria Control Iron Phosphorus Dynamics in Sediments of a Coastal Hypoxic Basin.
Venue: Environmental science technology

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for life. The release of phosphorus from sediments is critical in sustaining phytoplankton growth in many aquatic systems and is pivotal to eutrophication and the development of bottom water hypoxia. Conventionally, sediment phosphorus release is thought to be controlled by changes in iron oxide reduction driven by variations in external environmental factors, such as organic matter input and bottom water oxygen. Here, we show that internal shifts in microbial communities, and specifically the population dynamics of cable bacteria, can also induce strong seasonality in sedimentary iron phosphorus dynamics. Field observations in a seasonally hypoxic coastal basin demonstrate that the long range electrogenic metabolism of cable bacteria leads to a dissolution of iron sulfides in winter and spring. Subsequent oxidation of the mobilized ferrous iron with manganese oxides results in a large stock of iron oxide bound phosphorus below the oxic zone. In summer, when bottom water hypoxia develops and cable bacteria are undetectable, the phosphorus associated with these iron oxides is released, strongly increasing phosphorus availability in the water column. Future research should elucidate whether formation of iron oxide bound phosphorus driven by cable bacteria, as observed in this study, contributes to the seasonality in iron phosphorus cycling in aquatic sediments worldwide.
Obstetric Outcomes in Women in Fukushima Prefecture during and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident: The Fukushima Health Management Survey

The Great East Japan Earthquake (magnitude, 9.0) followed by a large scale tsunami caused a severe nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (Tokyo Electric Company) This study aimed to evaluate the obstetric outcomes in women in Fukushima prefecture during and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima nuclear power plant accident.  We collected information for 12,300 pregnant women who conceived during the 9 months before and after the disaster in Fukushima prefecture. The data of the subjects were analyzed according to the conception date for each pregnancy.  Among the women who conceived within 9 months before the disaster, adverse obstetric outcomes were not observed. In contrast, in the case of women who conceived within 6 months after the disaster, an increase in the incidence of preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) and low birth weight (less than 1500 g and less than 2500 g) was observed. Moreover, these women showed an increased incidence of medical complications, such as respiratory diseases and mental disorders.  The results of the present study show that the occurrence of adverse obstetric outcomes was higher in the women who conceived within 6 months after the disaster than in those who were pregnant at the time of the disaster. The results may be related to emotional stress such as anxiety about the disaster and emphasize the need for continued investigations and careful management of pregnant woman in disaster areas in the future.