nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
From enterprise development to inclusive innovation A systemic instruments framework for regional innovation support

Although the role and importance of innovation support in South Africa is a well recognised concept on the national level, provincial governments have only recently started to debate, investigate and explore instruments through which innovation can be leveraged and supported regionally. Extant theory and practice is vague on providing support on how to design precise solutions. In this paper we consider the Western Cape Department of Economic Development and Tourism (WCDEDAT) in South Africa. The goal of the paper is to design and populate a policy learning framework on the provincial government level. We explore the key functions of the provincial government towards supporting innovation and propose a policy learning framework extensively exploring possible systems instrument goals and actual instruments/ mechanisms towards performing such functions. We argue that this policy learning framework could be useful to a wider audience and that it can also serve as a guide for regions at a similar level of development.
Learning to Refine Object Segments
Venue: ECCV

Object segmentation requires both object level information and low level pixel data. This presents a challenge for feedforward networks: lower layers in convolutional nets capture rich spatial information, while upper layers encode object level knowledge but are invariant to factors such as pose and appearance. In this work we propose to augment feedforward nets for object segmentation with a novel top down refinement approach. The resulting bottom up/top down architecture is capable of efficiently generating high fidelity object masks. Similarly to skip connections, our approach leverages features at all layers of the net. Unlike skip connections, our approach does not attempt to output independent predictions at each layer. Instead, we first output a coarse 'mask encoding' in a feedforward pass, then refine this mask encoding in a top down pass utilizing features at successively lower layers. The approach is simple, fast, and effective. Building on the recent DeepMask network for generating object proposals, we show accuracy improvements of 10 20% in average recall for various setups. Additionally, by optimizing the overall network architecture, our approach, which we call SharpMask, is 50 faster than the original DeepMask network (under .8 s per image)
Reading Amazon Fragments: Queering Shirley

In this article, I investigate Shirley, Charlotte Bronte's most neglected novel, to focus on its subtle allusions to unexplored sexualities and to propose the possibility that Anne Lister and her relationship with Ann Walker influenced the construction of both the novel's plot and the relationship of its two heroines. A Yorkshire lesbian landowner, Lister lived only 10 miles away from Haworth, and, from the autumn of 1838 to the spring of 1839, Emily Bronte taught in a school one mile away from Lister's ancestral home. Most important, the novel is threaded with images which capture the threatening seductiveness of hidden and haunting women. Though the novel ends with both heroines securely married (identified only as 'Mrs. Robert' and 'Mrs. Louis' and with the Amazon threat of Shirley's masculinity curbed, the power of Shirley's peculiarities echoes in the conclusion's recollection of a last sighting of a 'fairish [fairy] in Fieldhead Hollow'
Chemical forces study of heat induced myofibrillar protein gel as affected by partial substitution of NaCl with KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2

The effects of the partial substitution of NaCl with KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 on the chemical forces and hardness of heat induced myofibrillar protein (MP) gel were investigated. Compared with the normal sodium level MP gels (0.6 mol/L NaCl) low sodium level MP gels (0.4 mol/L NaCl) resulted in weaker disulphide bonds, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and stronger hydrogen bonds. Partial substitution of NaCl with KCl had no significant impacts on the chemical forces. MgCl2 and CaCl2 contributed to stronger hydrophobic interactions, and weaker hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions (p 0.05) while they had no significant impacts on disulphide bonds. Gel hardness was weakened with the low level of sodium, and strengthened with the substitution of NaCl with MgCl2 and CaCl2. The enhancement of gel hardness with the substitution of NaCl with MgCl2 and CaCl2 suggested that stronger attractive forces and weaker repulsive forces contributed to stronger hardness.
Effects of NaCl on water characteristics of heat induced gels made from chicken breast proteins treated by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation

Effects of NaCl contents (0% 0.5% 1% 1.5% and 2% on texture, water holding capacities and microstructures of heat induced gels made from chicken breast meat proteins isolated by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation (ISPC gels) were investigated. The water characteristics during heating were also elucidated by low field nuclear magnetic resonance T2 relaxometry. The ISPC gels with increased NaCl content exhibited good texture and low cooking loss but high centrifugal loss. The amount of free water (T22 component) that was converted into immobilized water (T21 component) increased with NaCl addition in accordance with the decline in cooking loss. However, increased T21 values at 1.5% and 2% NaCl content indicated that water was weakly bound to the macromolecules and was highly mobile. These results were strongly corroborated by microstructure images that illustrated ISPC gels containing 1% NaCl showed a continuous and dense structure with small pores and thin cross linked strands, which had the lowest total water loss.
Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics in static flash evaporation of aqueous NaCl solution

An experimental study of heat transfer characteristics in static flash evaporation of aqueous NaCl solution was presented. Experiments were conducted using initial concentration of water film that varied from 0 to 0.26 (saturated at room temperature) initial height of 0.1 to 0.4 m, and superheat ranging from 1.8 to 49.5 K. Flash evolutions of pure water and aqueous NaCl solution were obtained during static flash evaporation. Influences of crystals on non equilibrium fraction (NEF) and volumetric heat transfer coefficient were analyzed. Results suggested that the duration of fast evaporation was long, and NEF with crystallization reached a low equilibrium value. Crystallization correction factor ph was introduced to modify fitting formula NEF in the cases where crystallization occurred. A minimum value of volumetric heat transfer coefficient existed with the rise of fm0 because of the crystals. The fm0 that corresponds to the minimum volumetric heat transfer coefficient decreased with the increase of DT.
Fabrication of Al2O3 NaCl composite heat storage materials by one step synthesis method
Venue: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Mater. Sci. Ed.

Thermal energy storage is an attractive option for effectiveness since it gives flexibility and reduces energy consumption and costs. New composite materials for storage and transformation of heat of NaCl Al2O3 composite materials were synthesized by one step synthesis method. The chemical composition, morphology, structure, and thermal properties were investigated by XRD, EDS, SEM, and DSC. The results show that NaCl can be absorbed by Al2O3 particle from 800 to 900 degC for Al2O3 particle surface is rich active structure. The results also indicate that the leakage of NaCl when the phase change can be prevented by Al2O3 particles and the enthalpy of phase change of NaCl Al2O3 material is 362 J/g. The composites have an excellent heat storage capacity. Therefore, this study contributes to one new thought and method to prepare high temperature heat storage material and this material can be applied in future thermal engineering.
Sperm Binding to Oviduct Epithelial Cells Enhances TGFB1 and IL10 Expressions in Epithelial Cells as Well as Neutrophils In Vitro: Prostaglandin E2 As a Main Regulator of Anti Inflammatory Response in the Bovine Oviduct
Venue: PloS one

Sperm are allogenic to the female genital tract; however, oviducts provide optimal conditions for survival and capacitation of these non self cells until fertilization. Recently, we showed that oviduct conditioned media and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppress sperm phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) under physiological conditions. We hypothesized that sperm binding to bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) could change the local innate immunity via PGE2. As the first step to obtain basic information, sub confluent BOEC monolayers were co cultured with swim up sperm for 2 h. BOECs with viable bound sperm were cultured for an additional 3, 6, 12, or 24 h. Then, we confirmed the impact of the sperm BOEC binding on both BOECs and PMN gene expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed that BOECs strongly express TGFB1 and IL10 in the oviduct. Sperm binding to BOECs in culture induced the anti inflammatory cytokines (TGFB1 and IL10) and PGE2 production by BOECs. Exogenous PGE2 in vitro suppressed pro inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF and IL1B) in BOECs. Moreover, pre exposure of PMNs to BOEC conditioned media suppressed the TNF expression, but the BOEC media co cultured with sperm stimulated PMNs to express TGFB1 and IL10, with increasing PGE2 secretion. Of note, exogenous PGE2 led PMNs in vitro to decrease their TNF expression and increase anti inflammatory cytokines expression. Our findings strongly suggest that BOECs provide an anti inflammatory environment under physiological conditions and the sperm BOEC binding further strengthens this milieu thus suppresses PMNs in the bovine oviduct. PGE2 is likely to drive this stable anti inflammatory environment in the oviduct.
The NS1 protein of avian influenza virus H9N2 induces oxidative stress mediated chicken oviduct epithelial cells apoptosis.
Venue: The Journal of general virology

The pathogenesis of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus infection (AIV) in hens is often related to oviduct tissue damage. The viral non structural NS1 protein is thought to play a key role in regulating the pathogenicity of AIV, but its exact function in this process remains elusive. In this study, the pro apoptosis effect of H9N2 NS1 protein was examined on chicken oviduct epithelial cells (COECs) and our data indicated that NS1 induced oxidative stress was a contributing factor in apoptosis. Our data indicate that NS1 protein level was correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in COECs transfected with NS1 expression plasmids. Interestingly, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, were observed in NS1 transfected COECs. Treatment of COECs with antioxidants, such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or N acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly inhibited NS1 induced apoptosis. Moreover, although antioxidant treatment has little effect on the activation of caspase 8 in NS1 transfected cells, the activation of caspase 3/9 and Bax/Bcl 2 were significantly downregulated. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrated that expression of H9N2 NS1 alone is sufficient to trigger oxidative stress in COECs. Additionally, NS1 protein can induce cellular apoptosis via activating ROS accumulation and mitochondria mediated apoptotic signalling in COECs.
Relationship between the Self Rating Anxiety Scale score and the success rate of 64 slice computed tomography coronary angiography
Venue: International journal of psychiatry in medicine

Computed tomography coronary angiography, a key method for obtaining coronary artery images, is widely used to screen for coronary artery diseases due to its noninvasive nature. In China, 64 slice computed tomography systems are now the most common models. As factors that directly affect computed tomography performance, heart rate and rhythm control are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and are highly related to the emotional state of the patient. The aim of this prospective study is to use a pre computed tomography scan Self Rating Anxiety Scale assessment to analyze the effects of tension and anxiety on computed tomography coronary angiography success.  Subjects aged 18 85 years who were planned to undergo computed tomography coronary angiography were enrolled; 1 to 2 h before the computed tomography scan, basic patient data (gender, age, heart rate at rest, and family history) and Self Rating Anxiety Scale score were obtained. The same group of imaging department doctors, technicians, and nurses performed computed tomography coronary angiography for all the enrolled subjects and observed whether those subjects could finish the computed tomography coronary angiography scan and provide clear, diagnostically valuable images. Participants were divided into successful (obtained diagnostically useful coronary images) and unsuccessful groups. Basic data and Self Rating Anxiety Scale scores were compared between the groups.  The Self Rating Anxiety Scale standard score of the successful group was lower than that of the unsuccessful group (P 0.001) As the Self Rating Anxiety Scale standard score rose, the success rate of computed tomography coronary angiography decreased.  The Self Rating Anxiety Scale score has a negative relationship with computed tomography coronary angiography success. Advances in knowledge Anxiety can be a disadvantage in computed tomography coronary angiography examination. The pre computed tomography coronary angiography scan Self Rating Anxiety Scale score may be a useful tool for assessing whether a computed tomography coronary angiography scan will be successful or not.
Melody Extraction on Vocal Segments Using Multi Column Deep Neural Networks
Venue: ISMIR

Singing melody extraction is a task that tracks pitch contour of singing voice in polyphonic music. While the majority of melody extraction algorithms are based on computing a saliency function of pitch candidates or separating the melody source from the mixture, data driven approaches based on classification have been rarely explored. In this paper, we present a classification based approach for melody extraction on vocal segments using multi column deep neural networks. In the proposed model, each of neural networks is trained to predict a pitch label of singing voice from spectrogram, but their outputs have different pitch resolutions. The final melody contour is inferred by combining the outputs of the networks and post processing it with a hidden Markov model. In order to take advantage of the data driven approach, we also augment training data by pitch shifting the audio content and modifying the pitch label accordingly. We use the RWC dataset and vocal tracks of the MedleyDB dataset for training the model and evaluate it on the ADC 2004, MIREX 2005 and MIR 1k datasets. Through several settings of experiments, we show incremental improvements of the melody prediction. Lastly, we compare our best result to those of previous state of the arts.
Phase transformation and thermal stability of ZnSe QDs due to annealing: emergence of ZnO
Venue: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

In the present study ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized by chemical co precipitation method using mercaptoethanol as the capping agent. These nanostructures were characterized for structure and surface morphology by using X ray diffraction (XRD) high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry respectively. The average size of ZnSe quantum dots from XRD and HRTEM is found to be 4 5 nm having cubic crystalline phase. Effect of annealing temperature, which were determined as phase transformation temperatures (299 and 426 degC) using differential scanning calorimetry has been investigated for structural and thermal stability of QDs. The XRD of annealed samples at temperatures 325 and 442 degC (slightly higher than the temperatures corresponding to two crystallization peaks in the DSC scan) have been carried out to find structural changes corresponding to these annealing temperatures. Sample annealed at 325 degC showed no change in the phase except improvement in intensity of peaks (crystallinity) whereas sample annealed at 442 degC showed transitions from cubic phase of ZnSe to ZnO and orthorhombic phases of ZnSeO4, ZnSeO3. Emergence of ZnO peaks in the XRD pattern of annealed samples have been further verified by Raman spectroscopy of the annealed samples. Besides this crystallization kinetics of ZnSe quantum dots has been employed to determine activation energies of these transitions due to oxidation by employing Kissinger, Augis Bennett and Ozawa's models. Higher activation energy of crystallization corresponding to first crystallization peak shows that the cubic phase is more thermally stable.
PKCS #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.2
Venue: RFC

This document provides recommendations for the implementation of public key cryptography based on the RSA algorithm, covering cryptographic primitives, encryption schemes, signature schemes with appendix, and ASN.1 syntax for representing keys and for identifying the schemes. This document represents a republication of PKCS #1 v2.2 from RSA Laboratories' Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) series. By publishing this RFC, change control is transferred to the IETF. This document also obsoletes RFC 3447.
Aquaporin 3 is regulated by estrogen in the chicken oviduct and is involved in progression of epithelial cell derived ovarian carcinomas.
Venue: Domestic animal endocrinology

Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that passively deliver water across the plasma membrane to play an important role in maintaining cell shape. Members of the AQP family are distributed in most of the tissues in the human body and perform a variety of functions based on the water homeostasis suitable for each organ. However, there is little known about the expression and regulation of AQP family members in chickens. Therefore, we determined the expression of AQPs in various tissues of chickens. Among 13 isotypes, AQP3 was highly expressed in the chicken oviduct. Expression of AQP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased in the magnum (P 0.001) and isthmus (P 0.001) of chick oviducts treated with diethylstilbestrol. Consistent with these results, the localization of AQP3 was detected in the glandular and luminal epithelia of the magnum and isthmus of oviducts of diethylstilbestrol treated chicks. In addition, the pattern of expression of AQP3 changed in an estrogen dependent manner during the molting period. During the regenerative period of the oviduct after molting, expression of AQP3 mRNA increased coordinately with increasing concentrations of estradiol (P 0.001) whereas expression of AQP3 mRNA decreased as concentrations of estradiol in plasma decreased in response to induced molting (P 0.001) Also, expression of the AQP3 increased (P 0.001) in cancerous ovaries of laying hens. In conclusion, AQP3 does not simply function to transport water into and out of cells but also appears to be closely involved in development of the chicken oviduct, which is regulated by estrogens. Furthermore, our results suggest AQP3 as a new diagnostic for early detection and treatment of epithelial cell derived ovarian carcinomas.
Multi view gait recognition using 3D convolutional neural networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

In this work we present a deep convolutional neural network using 3D convolutions for Gait Recognition in multiple views capturing spatio temporal features. A special input format, consisting of the gray scale image and optical flow enhance color invariance. The approach is evaluated on three different datasets, including variances in clothing, walking speeds and the view angle. In contrast to most state of the art Gait Recognition systems the used neural network is able to generalize gait features across multiple large view angle changes. The results show a comparable to better performance in comparison with previous approaches, especially for large view differences.
Imperative Strategic Planning as Improvement of the Decision Making of Organization

Imperative strategic planning in organizations regarded as a tool for organizationsaEUR(tm) growth and profitability, strategic innovation, organizational and customer oriented changes. This article attempts to explain the imperative strategic plan collective by patterns of thinking. The importance of strategic, long term policy and imperative strategic plan collective is very clear to planners. Imperative strategic managers like to follow a similar and routine imperative strategic behavioral pattern. Imperative strategic plan collective, normally taken, as a part of imperative strategic planning, therefore also tends to run in cycles of around last years. Implementing tailored organization can give a competitive advantage and help foster goodwill toward imperative strategic planning approach. Studies on corporate organizational imperative strategic have possessed an increasing growth. This paper proposes a learning organization expectations method that considers tailored organization s information. In todayaEUR(tm)s tailored organization al environment, there are usually several products and services to fulfill certain functions.
The Job Demands Resources Model and Job Burnout: The Mediating Role of Personal Resources

The primary purpose of this study is to test whether the effect of workload on emotional exhaustion (health impairment process) and social support on depersonalization (motivation process) could be mediated by personal resources such as self efficacy, self esteem and optimism. Two multiple mediation models are tested separately, and then the point estimate and bias corrected and accelerated 95 confidence interval of the total and specific indirect effect are determined using the bootstrap approach with 1000 bootstrapped samples. The results show that workload positively affects emotional exhaustion, whereas social support negatively affects depersonalization, thus further corroborating the health impairment process and motivation process as assumed by the job demands resources (JD R) model. The total indirect effect is significant for both models, and self esteem and optimism are the significant mediators for the health impairment process, whereas only optimism is the significant mediator for the motivation process.
Valorization of banana peel: a biorefinery approach

Banana peel (BP) is an agrowaste produced in large volumes annually, especially by food processing industries; however, its disposal is of significant concern. However, recent research suggests that BP is a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which can be converted into value added products. This article reviews the conversion process of value added products from BP and provides an outline on the chemical composition of BP and its possible applications. In addition, we also discuss the utilization of BP as a substrate to produce animal feed, biofertilizer, dietary fibers, clean energy, industrial enzymes, as well as its use in the synthesis of nanomaterials. Based on the research conducted so far, it is obvious that BP has a wide variety of applications, and thus, developing a biorefinery approach to adequately utilize BP will help realize its economic benefits to the fullest. Based on the valorization of BP, a scheme for BP biorefinery has been proposed. A material balance for BP biorefinery for 1 ton bone dry BP is presented and our results show that 432 kg of protein or 170 kg of citric acid, 170 kg of pectin, 325 m3 of ethanol, and 220 m3 of methane can be produced.