nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design studies for the European DEMO divertor: Rationale and first results

In the European fusion roadmap, reliable power handling has been defined as one of the most critical challenges for realizing a commercially viable fusion power. In this context, the divertor is the key in vessel component, as it is responsible for power exhaust and impurity removal for which divertor target is subjected to very high heat flux loads. To this end, an integrated R&D project was launched in the EUROfusion Consortium in order to deliver a holistic conceptual design solution together with the core technologies for the entire divertor system of a DEMO reactor. The work package 'Divertor' consists of two project areas: 'Cassette design and integration' and 'Target development' The essential mission of the project is to develop and verify advanced design concepts and the required technologies for a divertor system being capable of meeting the physical and system requirements defined for the next generation European DEMO reactor. In this contribution, a brief overview is presented of the works from the first project year (2014) Focus is put on the loads specification, design boundary conditions, materials requirements, design approaches, and R&D strategy. Initial ideas and first estimates are presented.
Aircraft Conceptual Design Synthesis

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Sex Ed Film Video And The Framework Of Desire

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Information, knowledge and collaboration management in the internationalisation of SMEs: A systematic literature review
Venue: Int. J. Inf. Manag.

Lack of studies addressing information management in internationalisation of SMEs.No evidence on how SMEs can convert information into knowledge for making decisions.Collaboration is not well explored for more effective internationalisation outcomes.New information and knowledge models are needed to improve internationalisation.Collaborative decision support models are required for better internationalisation. Information and knowledge can be seen as key resources for improving the internationalisation processes of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) Collaboration has also been considered as an important facilitator of these processes, particularly by nurturing information and knowledge sharing. However, the current literature is unclear about the way SMEs can access information and assimilate knowledge in a collaborative network context, to support decision making. This paper systematically reviews the literature, examining the role of information, knowledge and collaboration in internationalisation decisions of SMEs. To this end, 38 relevant journal articles were analysed, with the identification of some important issues, as well as gaps in the existing empirical knowledge. This analysis provided valuable input for the development of research suggestions and directions for future work in this area.
SCHOOL CULTURE AND SCHOOL EFFECTIVENESS: SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PAKISTAN

The government schools in Pakistan are showing low performance for different reasons such as low level of leadership, untrained teachers, minimum community involvement, 2% education budget, and nonavailability of resources. This study clarifies the way through selfdevelopment of schools to get effectiveness in such circumstances of schools in Mardan district of Pakistan. The study tries to prove that the school culture development by the instructional leaders can help them to achieve their goals. The main aim of this study is to find out that the development of school culture needs no extra budget, but has a great role in motivation. The research design was non experimental design with survey study. Different statistical methods such as descriptive statistics and Spearman rho were used to analyze the data using SPSS 22 and AMOS 22. It was found that the present level of school culture in the stated schools is low and there is a significant relationship between school culture and school effectiveness. It was concluded that high level of school culture will help achieve high the level of school effectiveness.
Physical Causality of Action Verbs in Grounded Language Understanding
Venue: ACL

Linguistics studies have shown that action verbs often denote some Change of State (CoS) as the result of an action. However, the causality of action verbs and its potential connection with the physical world has not been systematically explored. To address this limitation, this paper presents a study on physical causality of action verbs and their implied changes in the physical world. We first conducted a crowdsourcing experiment and identified eighteen categories of physical causality for action verbs. For a subset of these categories, we then defined a set of detectors that detect the corresponding change from visual perception of the physical environment. We further incorporated physical causality modeling and state detection in grounded language understanding. Our empirical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of causality modeling in grounding language to perception.
Imported Inputs and Productivity Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment

This paper considers how input market liberalization affects host country productivity spillovers from multinational corporation (MNC) investments. The standard "Backward Linkage" measure used to estimate technology and learning spillovers to local upstream suppliers pioneered by Javorcik (2004) and replicated across several influential papers implicitly assumes domestic and foreign firms share the same input structure. I show that this assumption constitutes an omitted variable bias of imported inputs in TFP spillover estimation. Using a novel Colombian firm panel that isolates imported from domestic inputs, mean backward linkage productivity spillovers reduce in half when the share of locally sourced inputs is adjusted to reflect MNCs' observably higher propensity to import inputs. However in some industries, productivity spillovers increase in response to the adjustment. I demonstrate that the sign and magnitude of this bias are proportional to the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestic inputs. The results highlight how input market liberalization (usually associated with increased FDI inflows) can have important feedback effects on local productivity spillovers from MNCs.
Soft tissue cone beam computed tomography (ST CBCT) for the planning of esthetic crown lengthening procedures.
Venue: The international journal of esthetic dentistry

The aim of this study was to measure the clinical crown, anatomical crown, and amount of gingiva covering the enamel of anterior maxillary teeth with soft tissue cone beam computed tomography (ST CBCT) and thus propose a protocol for the application of this noninvasive method for the planning of esthetic crown lengthening procedures to prevent undesired root exposure.  Ten young patients (mean age 22.8 years) requiring esthetic crown lengthening surgeries but not restorative procedures were included in this study. The ST CBCT images were analyzed with an image editor and analysis software (Pixelmator 3.2) and the clinical crown, anatomical crown, and amount of gingiva covering the enamel were measured.  The mean value of the length of the anatomical crowns of the central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines were 11.06 mm, 9.55 mm, and 9.77 mm, respectively. Thus, the canines were approximately 1.3 mm shorter than the central incisors.  It was shown that ST CBCT is a useful tool to assess the actual length of the anatomical crown and the amount of gingival tissue that needs to be surgically removed in an esthetic crown lengthening procedure to prevent undesired root exposure. Thus, ST CBCT is a helpful noninvasive procedure for the planning of esthetic crown lengthening surgeries, making it possible to better predict their final outcome.
A Case Report of Esthetic and Functional Correction of Maxillary Protrusion Using a Prosthodontics Centered Multidisciplinary Approach.
Venue: The International journal of periodontics restorative dentistry

Maxillary protrusion usually requires orthodontic therapy and orthognathic surgery. However, for some exceptional cases, a prosthodontics centered multidisciplinary approach could serve as an alternative. This case report describes a 53 year old patient with protrusive and proclined maxillary incisors, compensatory eruption of mandibular incisors, color and morphologic abnormalities of anterior teeth lip incompetence, and gummy smile. Final esthetic improvement was achieved in this patient by means of a multidisciplinary approach involving endodontic and periodontal procedures before prosthodontic treatment. Accurate diagnosis, comprehensive communication, a sophisticated treatment plan, and state of the art therapeutic processes are all important factors for achieving a predictable esthetic result.
Effect of Subject Rotation on Assessment of Esthetic Dental Ratios: A Simulation Study
Venue: International journal of dentistry

This study aimed to find out the change in esthetic ratios during rotation of patient's head using a simulation.  A plaster study model was photographed placing its midline along the long axis of the camera. Then a series of photographs were taken by rotating the model each degree till 10deg on both right and left sides. These photographs were digitally measured and the ratio of the maxillary anterior teeth at zero degree rotation was compared with that at various degrees of rotation.  As the model was rotated to the right side till 10deg, the ratio of the right lateral to central incisor gradually decreased while the ratio of the left lateral to central incisor gradually increased. However, the ratio of the canine to lateral incisor on both sides gradually increased. Similar results were obtained when the model was rotated to the left side. The ratio of the lateral to central incisor deviated from the acceptable range 10% when there was rotation of more than 7deg, whereas the ratio of the canine to lateral incisor was within the acceptable range till 10deg rotation on either side.  Rotation of the model by more than 7deg leads to a substantial change in the esthetic ratio.
CFD analysis of strut influence on blood flow in stent implanted left main coronary artery bifurcation
Venue: 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

We numerically studied blood flows in a simulated branching pipe of coronary artery bifurcation, which is affected by stent implantation. We found that stent struts provide effects as guide vanes and blockages on the flow into circumflex branch. The former effect increases the flow rate and shear stress on the arteriosclerosis prone site. The blockage effect may overwhelm the guide effect depending on a strut position against the inflow.
Experimental and numerical study of asperity degradation in the direct shear test

In this paper, the shear behaviour and mechanisms of asperity degradation of rock joints under direct shear tests were studied using numerical and experimental approaches. PFC2D was used for numerical simulations, in which the intact material is simulated by a dense packing of circular particles bonded together at their contact points and by breakage of these bonds under loading regimes, the damage process is simulated. The joint interfaces were simulated by a newly developed modified smooth joint model in which micro scale slip surfaces are applied at contacts between particles of upper and lower blocks of the shear box. In order to study the ability of this numerical approach in reproducing the shearing mechanisms and asperity degradation of rock joints in direct shear tests, a comparative study was carried out against the physical experiments. Experimental and numerical direct shear tests were carried out on saw tooth triangular joints with the base angles of 20deg and 30deg under different normal stresses. Three shearing mechanisms of sliding, surface wear and asperity shearing off were observed in these experiments. The comparison of the shear behaviour and mechanisms of asperity degradation of physical and numerical experiments showed that the results of numerical models are in good agreement with physical experiments and this numerical approach can reproduce the shear behaviour of rock joints under different loading conditions.
Naringenin ameliorates renal and platelet purinergic signalling alterations in high cholesterol fed rats through the suppression of ROS and NF kB signaling pathways.
Venue: Food function

Naringenin (NGEN) is a natural flavonoid aglycone of naringin that has been reported to have a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of NGEN on oxidative and inflammatory parameters, as well as to evaluate the hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides in kidney and platelet membranes of rats exposed to a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) for 90 days. Kidney oxidative stress and mRNA expression of the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) ecto 5' nucleotidase (CD73) inducible NO synthase (iNOS) tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) interleukin 6 (IL 6) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF kB) genes were evaluated by real time RT PCR. The co administration of NGEN (50 mg kg( 1) for 90 days significantly prevented renal failure in HCD rats as indicated by an improvement of renal markers. Histopathological observation findings are also consistent with these effects. Moreover, NGEN (50 mg kg( 1) significantly decreased the lipid profile and inhibited pro oxidant and inflammation marker levels in the kidney of HCD rats. Furthermore, the NTPDase activities were significantly decreased in platelets and kidney membranes of HCD treated rats and these alterations were improved by NGEN. In conclusion, this study suggests that naringenin can potentially improve the renal failure and platelet alterations observed in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet probably through its antioxidant effects.
Platelet protective efficacy of 3,4,5 trisubstituted isoxazole analogue by inhibiting ROS mediated apoptosis and platelet aggregation
Venue: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Thrombocytopenia is a major hematological concern in oxidative stress associated pathologies and chronic clinical disorders, where premature platelet destruction severely affects the normal functioning of thrombosis and hemostasis. In addition, frequent exposure of platelets to chemical entities and therapeutic drugs immensely contributes in the development of thrombocytopenia leading to huge platelet loss, which might be fatal sometimes. Till date, there are only few platelet protective molecules known to combat thrombocytopenia. Hence, small molecule therapeutics are extremely in need to relieve the burden on limited treatment strategies of thrombocytopenia. In this study, we have synthesized a series of novel 3,4,5 trisubstituted isoxazole derivatives, among which compound 4a [4 methoxy N' (5 methyl 3 phenylisoxazole 4 carbonyl) benzenesulfonohydrazide] was found to significantly ameliorate the oxidative stress induced platelet apoptosis by restoring various apoptotic markers such as ROS content, cytosolic Ca2+ levels, eIF2 a phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, caspase activation, PS externalization, and cytotoxicity markers. Additionally, compound 4a dose dependently inhibits collagen induced platelet aggregation. Hence, compound 4a can be considered as a prospective molecule in the treatment regime of platelet activation and apoptosis and other clinical conditions of thrombocytopenia. Further studies might ensure the use of compound 4a as a supplementary therapeutic agent to treat, thrombosis and CVD associated complications. Over all, the study reveals a platelet protective efficacy of novel isoxazole derivative 4a with a potential to combat oxidative stress induced platelet apoptosis.
Robust Random Cut Forest Based Anomaly Detection on Streams
Venue: ICML

In this paper we focus on the anomaly detection problem for dynamic data streams through the lens of random cut forests. We investigate a robust random cut data structure that can be used as a sketch or synopsis of the input stream. We provide a plausible definition of non parametric anomalies based on the influence of an unseen point on the remainder of the data, i.e. the externality imposed by that point. We show how the sketch can be efficiently updated in a dynamic data stream. We demonstrate the viability of the algorithm on publicly available real data.
Barriers and Impact of Mechanisation and Automation in Construction to Achieve Better Quality Products

The major concern to the construction industry in general, would be the decreasing quality and productivity of end products; labour shortages; occupational health and safety; and allowing work to be performed where people cannot do. This paper discusses how the quality of life may be achieved by tackling the barriers and their impact to this initiative which could improve the industry in terms of productivity, safety and quality. This will also ensure the harmony between the environment and energy management with productivity enhancement for better quality products that could lead to better quality of life for the end users.
Understanding the implications of digitisation and automation in the context of Industry 4.0: A triangulation approach and elements of a research agenda for the construction industry
Venue: Comput. Ind.

An industry specific definition of the Industry 4.0 concept for construction has been derived based on a content analysis.A systematic literature review is conducted to explore the state of the art of Industry 4.0 in the construction industry.A practical view has been added by performing a multiple case study analysis.A PESTEL framework has been illustrated to present the implications of Industry 4.0 for the construction industry.Recommendations for further research are provided within a research agenda. In recent years, Industry 4.0 has been introduced as a popular term to describe the trend towards digitisation and automation of the manufacturing environment. Despite its potential benefits in terms of improvements in productivity and quality, this concept has not gained much attention in the construction industry. This development is founded in the fact that the far reaching implications of the increasingly digitised and automated manufacturing environment are still widely unknown. Against this backdrop, the primary objective of this paper is to explore the state of the art as well as the state of practice of Industry 4.0 relating technologies in the construction industry by pointing out the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal implications of its adoption. In this context, we present the results of our triangulation approach, which consists of a comprehensive systematic literature review and case study research, by illustrating a PESTEL framework and a value chain model. Additionally, we provide recommendations for further research within a research agenda.
Cyberbullying and cyber law
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cybercrime and Computer Forensic (ICCCF)

This paper examines two recent Canadian legislative initiatives intended in whole or in part to combat cyberbullying: the Cyber Safety Act of Nova Scotia and the Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act. Both pieces of legislation were responses to the suicide deaths of female teenagers Rehtaeh Parsons in Nova Scotia and Amanda Todd in British Columbia. It is questionable whether either suicide was directly caused by cyberbullying. Todd was primarily a victim of an adult "capper" living in the Netherlands, who persuaded her to expose her breasts via web cam, and then attempted to use the captured images to extort money and more images. Parsons was filmed engaging in what police concluded was consensual sex with several teenage boys at a house party. The cell phone video was posted on the Internet, making Parsons a victim of "sexting." In 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada fired a shot across the bow of Bill C 30, the immediate predecessor to the Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act, ruling that a police search (permissible under Bill C 30) in a child pornography case infringed upon constitutional protection against unreasonable search and seizure, and upon the right to privacy in cyberspace. In 2015, the Cyber Safety Act of Nova Scotia was struck down by the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia because it violated constitutional rights to freedom of expression and to life, liberty and security of person. In a criminal harassment case involving Twitter, the Ontario Court of Justice ruled in 2016 that Twitter is like a public square, where freedom of expression is protected, and where there is no reasonable expectation of privacy. These three court decisions can be expected to limit the extent to which Canadian legislators and law enforcement agencies can go in their efforts to pursue and prosecute cyberbullies and/or cyber criminals.
Formalizing contemporary conceptual metaphor theory: A structured repository for metaphor analysis

This paper describes an innovative formalization of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its implementation in a structured metaphor repository. Central to metaphor analysis is the development of an internal structure of frames and relations between frames, based on an Embodied Construction Grammar framework, which then informs the structure of metaphors and relationships between metaphors. The hierarchical nature of metaphors and frames is made explicit, such that inferential information originating in embodied conceptual primitives is inherited throughout the network. The present analysis takes a data driven approach, where lexical differences in linguistic expressions attested in naturally occurring discourse lead to a continued refinement and expansion of our analyses.