nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A modified group contribution PC SAFT equation of state for prediction of phase equilibria

The group contribution (GC) method proposed by Tamouza et al. ( (2004) 67 76) has been improved to estimate parameters of the Perturbed Chain statistical associating fluid theory (hereby called mg SAFT) The improvement is the "exclusion" of the over accounting of dispersion energy between intra molecular segments through an empirical correlation parameter. We have treated three hydrocarbon families (n alkanes, n alkyl cycloalkanes and n alkyl benzenes) several pure compound properties such as the enthalpy of vaporization, single phase density, speed of sound, heat capacities are predicted. The results indicate that most pure compound property predictions are satisfactory, mg SAFT appears to offer a systematic improvement as compared to the original GC PC SAFT approach, but no improvement in prediction of speed of sound. Vapor liquid equilibria of some binary mixtures are purely predicted using the mg SAFT (kij 0) Good agreements between the model predictions and the experimental data were found. Comparison with other existing SAFT based group contribution approach was performed in calculating vapor pressure and saturated liquid density of heavy hydrocarbon; mg SAFT demonstrated significant improvements in accuracy.
The Association Between a Market Determined Measure of Risk and Alternative Measures of Risk

INVESTIGATIONS of beta from the market model of portfolio theory have been numerous. Although many agree that beta may be a useful measure of risk, relatively little work has been done comparing beta to measures of risk traditionally thought to be economically important and to specific corporate decisions. In this paper we look at the association between betas for common and nonconvertible preferred stocks and several traditional accounting measures of risk which measure various aspects of the firm's asset and capital structure. We also find that selected nonaccounting corporate decisions appear to be associated with market risk levels of the firm's common and preferred stocks at least as strongly as accounting variables, when either set of variables is used alone. Finally, it is shown that combinations of the two sets of variables provide additional information beyond that available with either set of variables alone. After discussing beta and the market model briefly, we discuss the traditional measures of risk and the variables based on corporate decisions to be used in the study. Then, after describing our samples of preferred stocks and common stocks, we present the. empirical results obtained for the single firms and portfolios in our
The Association Between Market Determined and Accounting Determined Risk Measures

ALTHOUGH the accounting profession ~lkhas accepted the premise that the purpose of accounting is to facilitate decision making, the implementation of this approach within the area of financial statement preparation has been impeded by an inability to specify the decision processes of external users of accounting data. Recent research in portfolio theory provides some a priori and empirical knowledge of the decision processes of one external user, the investor in the firm's securities. This study extends that research in terms of its implications for accounting. The accounting system generates information on several relationships that are considered by many to be measures of risk. Previous research would suggest that financial statement ratios can be used as measures of default risk, but little is known of their association with the concept of risk as defined in portfolio theory. The problem is compounded by the fact that portfolio theory specifies its risk measures solely in terms of market determined interactions (i.e. security price variables) An issue of paramount concern to the accounting profession is what is the relationship between the accounting determined and market determined measures of risk? An answer to this question is central to a meaningful evaluation of accounting data in at least three respects. 1. Our knowledge of risk determination is incomplete as long as we do not know what exogenous variables (i.e. nonprice data) are impounded in assessments of security prices and price changes. Observed prices (and price changes) are the net result of the decision processes of the entire investing community. They are also the ultimate decision variables that determine both what return and what risk an investor incurs during his holding of a security. We cannot hope to construct an accounting system or evaluate the current system in terms of a decisionmaking criterion without a knowledge of the interaction between the accounting data and the market price variables. In particular, this study will examine the contemporaneous association between the accounting determined and market determined measures of risk. By doing this, we intend to determine what accounting data are impounded in the market
The impact of depression in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.
Venue: Maturitas

Respiratory diseases are common in older people. However, the impact of comorbid depression in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma has not been fully explored. This narrative review examines the impact of comorbid depression and its management in COPD and asthma in older adults. The causes of depression in patients with COPD and asthma are multifactorial and include physical, physiological and behavioural factors. Depression is associated with hospital readmission in older adults with asthma and COPD. We focus on the most current literature that has examined the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and antidepressant drug therapy for patients with depression in the context of COPD and asthma. Our findings indicate that PR and CBT are beneficial in improving depressive symptoms and quality of life in short term intervention studies. However, the long term efficacy of CBT and PR is unknown. To date, the efficacy of antidepressant drug therapy for depression in patients with COPD and asthma is inconclusive. In addition, there has been no clear evidence that antidepressants can induce remission of depression or ameliorate dyspnoea or physiological indices of COPD. Factors that contribute to 'inadequate' assessment and treatment of depression in patients with COPD and asthma may include misconception of the disease by patients and their caregivers and stigma attached to depression. Thus, well controlled randomized controlled trials are needed.
Drug target interaction prediction: databases, web servers and computational models
Venue: Briefings Bioinform.

Identification of drug target interactions is an important process in drug discovery. Although high throughput screening and other biological assays are becoming available, experimental methods for drug target interaction identification remain to be extremely costly, time consuming and challenging even nowadays. Therefore, various computational models have been developed to predict potential drug target associations on a large scale. In this review, databases and web servers involved in drug target identification and drug discovery are summarized. In addition, we mainly introduced some state of the art computational models for drug target interactions prediction, including network based method, machine learning based method and so on. Specially, for the machine learning based method, much attention was paid to supervised and semi supervised models, which have essential difference in the adoption of negative samples. Although significant improvements for drug target interaction prediction have been obtained by many effective computational models, both network based and machine learning based methods have their disadvantages, respectively. Furthermore, we discuss the future directions of the network based drug discovery and network approach for personalized drug discovery based on personalized medicine, genome sequencing, tumor clone based network and cancer hallmark based network. Finally, we discussed the new evaluation validation framework and the formulation of drug target interactions prediction problem by more realistic regression formulation based on quantitative bioactivity data.
Do Transformational Leaders Affect Turnover Intentions and Extra Role Behaviors Through Mission Valence?

Although transformational leadership and mission valence have been linked separately to desirable work related attitudes, research has not fully considered how these two factors work together. In fact, both these value based concepts emphasize the motivational properties of an agency's mission. In this study, a causal model was developed to explore how transformational leadership and mission valence interact to influence turnover intentions and extra role behaviors. The model was tested using survey data from U.S. public sector employees. The results showed that transformational leadership had a direct, negative association with turnover intentions. Furthermore, the relationship between transformational leadership and turnover intentions was partially mediated by mission valence, whereas the relationship between transformational leadership and extra role behaviors was fully mediated by mission valence. The implications of these findings for both theory and practice in public organizations are discussed.
Linking Transformational Leadership to Self Efficacy, Extra Role Behaviors, and Turnover Intentions in Public Agencies: The Mediating Role of Goal Clarity

Although transformational leadership and goal clarity have been linked separately to self efficacy, extra role behaviors, and turnover intentions, research has not fully considered how transformational leadership and goal clarity work together to influence these attitudes and behaviors. This article builds upon previous management and leadership theories by developing a causal model to explore exactly how transformational leadership and goal clarity collaborate to influence self efficacy, extra role behaviors, and turnover intentions. Moreover, the model was tested on public sector employees in the United States. The findings showed that goal clarity completely mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and both self efficacy and extra role behaviors. Goal clarity was also found to partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and turnover intentions. In addition, self efficacy had a positive impact on extra role behaviors and turnover intentions. The managerial and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed in the article.
Molecular Design of Squalene/Squalane Countertypes via the Controlled Oligomerization of Isoprene and Evaluation of Vaccine Adjuvant Applications.
Venue: Biomacromolecules

The potential to replace shark derived squalene in vaccine adjuvant applications with synthetic squalene/poly(isoprene) oligomers, synthesized by the controlled oligomerization of isoprene is demonstrated. Following on from our previous work regarding the synthesis of poly(isoprene) oligomers, we demonstrate the ability to tune the molecular weight of the synthetic poly(isoprene) material beyond that of natural squalene, while retaining a final backbone structure that contained a minimum of 75% of 1,4 addition product and an acceptable polydispersity. The synthesis was successfully scaled from the 2 g to the 40 g scale both in the bulk (i.e. solvent free) and with the aid of additional solvent by utilizing catalytic chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) as the control method, such that the target molecular weight, acceptable dispersity levels, and the desired level of 1,4 addition in the backbone structure and an acceptable yield ~60% are achieved. Moreover, the stability and in vitro bioactivity of nanoemulsion adjuvant formulations manufactured with the synthetic poly(isoprene) material are evaluated in comparison to emulsions made with shark derived squalene. Emulsions containing the synthetic poly(isoprene) achieved smaller particle size and equivalent or enhanced bioactivity (stimulation of cytokine production in human whole blood) compared to corresponding shark squalene emulsions. However, as opposed to the shark squalene based emulsions, the poly(isoprene) emulsions demonstrated reduced long term size stability and induced hemolysis at high concentrations. Finally, we demonstrate that the synthetic oligomeric poly(isoprene) material could successfully be hydrogenated such that >95% of the double bonds were successfully removed to give a representative poly(isoprene) derived squalane mimic.
An atomistically meaningful pseudocontinuum representation for the finite monatomic chain with harmonic nearest neighbor interactions

An atomistically meaningful pseudocontinuum representation for the nontrivial lattice dynamics of a finite monatomic chain with linear elastic interactions between nearest neighbor atoms is analytically deduced by mean of a dynamic mechanical analysis extending the memory dependent pseudocontinuum viewpoint suggested in [M. Charlotte and L. Truskinovsky, Lattice dynamics from a continuum viewpoint,  Solids, 60, pages 1508 1544 (2012) For a correct description of the lattice dynamics at its interstice length scale, the pseudocontinuum model integrates both the bulk and boundary inertial (heat vibration) effects of the atomistic medium through specific modifications of the classical elastodynamic Newton's law model: these modifications involve a generalization of the D'Alembert's principle of inertial forces and Neumann Robin's boundary conditions, without increasing the number of initial and boundary conditions of the generic mechanical evolution problem, unlike all other generalized continuum models proposed in the literature up to this date. Owing to the spatially local and one dimensional nature of the discrete and pseudocontinuum models, relationships are thus more clearly pinpointed between the elastodynamic normal stress field of that exact generalized continuum representation and the cohesive (or internal) and inertial forces operating at the lattice sites within the bulk of a finite size monatomic chain and at its boundary.
Applications of rigged Hilbert spaces in quantum mechanics and signal processing

Simultaneous use of discrete and continuous bases in quantum systems is not possible in the context of Hilbert spaces, but only in the more general structure of rigged Hilbert spaces (RHS) In addition, the relevant operators in RHS (but not in Hilbert space) are a realization of elements of a Lie enveloping algebra and support representations of semigroups. We explicitly construct here basis dependent RHS of the line and half line and relate them to the universal enveloping algebras of the Weyl Heisenberg algebra and su(1, 1) respectively. The complete sub structure of both RHS and of the operators acting on them is obtained from their algebraic structures or from the related fractional Fourier transforms. This allows us to describe both quantum and signal processing states and their dynamics. Two relevant improvements are introduced: (i) new kinds of filters related to restrictions to subspaces and/or the elimination of high frequency fluctuations and (ii) an operatorial structure that, starting from f.
A circuit motif in the zebrafish hindbrain for a two alternative behavioral choice to turn left or right
Venue: eLife

Animals collect sensory information from the world and make adaptive choices about how to respond to it. Here, we reveal a network motif in the brain for one of the most fundamental behavioral choices made by bilaterally symmetric animals: whether to respond to a sensory stimulus by moving to the left or to the right. We define network connectivity in the hindbrain important for the lateralized escape behavior of zebrafish and then test the role of neurons by using laser ablations and behavioral studies. Key inhibitory neurons in the circuit lie in a column of morphologically similar cells that is one of a series of such columns that form a developmental and functional ground plan for building hindbrain networks. Repetition within the columns of the network motif we defined may therefore lie at the foundation of other lateralized behavioral choices.
Type I interferons in viral control and immune regulation
Venue: Current Opinion in Virology

Type 1 interferons (IFN I) exert pleiotropic biological effects during viral infections, all which contribute to balancing virus control and immune pathology. Despite extensive antiviral functions that subdue virus replication, recent studies demonstrate pathogenic and pro viral roles for IFN I signaling during acute and persistent virus infection. IFN I signaling can promote morbidity and mortality through induction of aberrant inflammatory responses during acute viral infection. In contrast, IFN I signaling during persistent viral infection supports immune suppression, lymphoid tissue disorganization and CD4 T cell dysfunction. Systematic characterization of the cellular populations and intricacies of IFN I signaling that promote pathology or immune suppression during acute and persistent viral infections, respectively, should inform the development of treatments and modalities to control viral associated pathologies.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Navy Bean or Rice Bran Consumption in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Venue: Nutrition and cancer

Consumption of navy beans (NB) and rice bran (RB) have been shown to inhibit colon carcinogenesis. Given the overall poor diet quality in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and low reported intake of whole grains and legumes, practical strategies to increase consumption merit attention. This study determined feasibility of increasing NB or RB intake in CRC survivors to increase dietary fiber and examined serum inflammatory biomarkers and telomere lengths. Twenty nine subjects completed a randomized controlled trial with foods that included cooked NB powder (35 g/day) heat stabilized RB (30 g/day) or no additional ingredient. Fasting blood, food logs, and gastrointestinal health questionnaires were collected. The amount of NB or RB consumed equated to 4 9% of subjects' daily caloric intake and no major gastrointestinal issues were reported with increased consumption. Dietary fiber amounts increased in NB and RB groups at Weeks 2 and 4 compared to baseline and to control (P 0.01) Telomere length correlated with age and HDL cholesterol at baseline, and with improved serum amyloid A (SAA) levels at Week 4 (P 0.05) This study concludes feasibility of increased dietary NB and RB consumption to levels associated with CRC chemoprevention and warrants longer term investigations with both foods in high risk populations that include cancer prevention and control outcomes.
Deriving an intelligent model for soil compression index utilizing multi gene genetic programming
Venue: Environmental Earth Sciences

Multi gene genetic programming (MGGP) is a new nonlinear system modeling approach that integrates the capabilities of standard GP and classical regression. This paper deals with the prediction of compression index of fine grained soils using this robust technique. The proposed model relates the soil compression index to its liquid limit, plastic limit and void ratio. Several laboratory test results for fine fine grained were used to develop the models. Various criteria were considered to check the validity of the model. The parametric and sensitivity analyses were performed and discussed. The MGGP method was found to be very effective for predicting the soil compression index. The prediction coefficients of determination were 0.856 and 0.840 for the training and testing data, respectively. A comparative study was further performed to prove the superiority of the MGGP model to the existing soft computing and traditional empirical equations.
Design of wireless sensor networks using embedded Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) as applied to community based flood early warning systems (CBFEWS)
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES)

The objectives of this project were to design, develop, install, and test a stand alone and unmanned network of effective, reconfigurable, low power, low cost, long distance by multi hop, and sustainable CBFEWS. This system aims to monitor and detect through sensors, and communicate early warning data by wireless telemetry to disaster risk reduction centers. This gives risk reduction managers of local communities the critical information and sufficient lead time to affect early warning dissemination; and execute evacuation of the vulnerable population to safer grounds. CBFEWS is a tool designed to help save lives and properties by sending early warnings when threat of flooding is imminent. The CBFEWS network is a combination of four types of stations: Rain gauge (RG) Water level (WL) sensor, Repeater (RP) and Data Center (DC) A common set of platform is used, such as solar battery power source, a data acquisition and telemetry controller, a low power data logger, a digital transceiver, an antenna, and an all weather instrument housing and support. These stations are strategically installed in areas wherein the collected data truly represent the characteristics of the river channels near the flood prone areas. The data collected by the computer at each data center provides three distinct warnings based on hydrographic threshold values for Alert, Alarm, and Critical levels. The DC computer also generates a database where charts and reports are created; and utilized by risk reduction managers to effectively plan the timely evacuation, preparation of relief efforts, and information when it is safe to return to their houses.
Effects of Sprint versus High Intensity Aerobic Interval Training on Cross Country Mountain Biking Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Venue: PloS one

The current study compared the effects of high intensity aerobic training (HIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) on mountain biking (MTB) race simulation performance and physiological variables, including peak power output (PPO) lactate threshold (LT) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) Methods Sixteen mountain bikers (mean SD: age 32.1 6.4 yr, body mass 69.2 5.3 kg and VO2max 63.4 4.5 mLkg 1min 1) completed graded exercise and MTB performance tests before and after six weeks of training. The HIT (7 10 x [4 6 min highest sustainable intensity 4 6 min CR100 10 15] and SIT (8 12 x [30 s all out intensity 4 min CR100 10 15] protocols were included in the participants' regular training programs three times per week.  Post training analysis showed no significant differences between training modalities (HIT vs. SIT) in body mass, PPO, LT or OBLA (p 0.30 to 0.94) The Cohen's d effect size (ES) showed trivial to small effects on group factor (p 0.00 to 0.56) The interaction between MTB race time and training modality was almost significant (p 0.08) with a smaller ES in HIT vs. SIT training (ES 0.43) A time main effect (pre vs. post phases) was observed in MTB race performance and in several physiological variables (p 0.001 to 0.046) Co variance analysis revealed that the HIT (p 0.043) group had significantly better MTB race performance measures than the SIT group. Furthermore, magnitude based inferences showed HIT to be of likely greater benefit (83.5% with a lower probability of harmful effects (0.8% compared to SIT.  The results of the current study suggest that six weeks of either HIT or SIT may be effective at increasing MTB race performance; however, HIT may be a preferable strategy.