nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Verifying Relationship between Fovea Palatini, Vibrating Lines and Junction between Hard and Soft Palate

Locating and incorporating posterior palatal seal (PPS) in maxillary denture is an important clinical procedure for retention. The use of anterior and posterior vibrating lines, hard and soft palate junction, fovea palatini and hamular notches as references to locate PPS, are largely disputed.  To verify the relationship between fovea palatini, anterior and posterior vibrating line, and hard and soft palate junction and their role in locating PPS area.  50 subjects were randomly selected. In each subject, hard and soft palate junction, anterior and posterior vibrating lines and fovea palatini were located and marked. Using Vernier caliper and divider, the distance between these lines and fovea palatini were measured and assessed.  V44% showed fovea palatini at hard and soft palate junction, 24% between junction and anterior vibrating line/vibrating line, 6% at anterior vibrating line, 24% between anterior and posterior vibrating lines and 2% at posterior vibrating line. In 44% hard and soft palate junction coincided with anterior vibrating line. In the rest, mean distance was 2.76 mm right, 2.38 mm mid line and 2.79 mm left. 20% subjects revealed one vibrating line; 80% subjects had two vibrating lines with the mean distance 5.55 mm on right, 6.22 mm mid line and 5.40 mm on left.  Recording posterior palatal seal is an important clinical step thus arbitrarily scraping of the cast using fovea palatini and hamular notch as reference, should be discouraged. Locating anterior and posterior vibrating lines and using them to determine the posterior extension and PPS should be recommended. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol. 6 No. 1, June 2016, pp.32 34
Implementing Universal Pulse Oximetry Screening in West Virginia: Findings from Year One.
Venue: The West Virginia medical journal

In March 2012 the West Virginia legislature passed a law that mandates birth hospitals to perform pulse oximetry screening for all well babies in the newborn nursery to improve the detection of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) CCHD screening data collection began on September 1, 2012 at all 28 birthing hospitals. The purpose of this study was to review the first year of pulse oximetry screening outcomes and identify barriers to implementation and solutions to improve tracking and policy.  All WV birth hospitals were provided with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommendations for CCHD screening, and the Center for Disease Control's recommended screening algorithm for review and reference. 20,115 infants were entered into the Birth Score database between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013. 19,283 (91% infants were screened for CCHD.  17,101 (88.5% infants passed, 19 infants failed, and 2,163 (11.2% infants had missing data for the screening. 832 infants were not screened due to being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for reasons unknown. 17 of the 19 infants who failed the screening had a transthoracic echo report available for review. Of those 17 infants reviewed, seven were diagnosed with CCHD.  85% of the infants born in WV who received a Birth Score during the year reviewed were screened for CCHD. Given that the goal is to have 100% compliance with the pulse oximetry screening, additional investigations into factors affecting compliance may be necessary.
Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition: Comparison of Novel Dried Milk Spot Versus Standard Liquid Extraction Methods
Venue: Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia

Accurate assessment of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC PUFA) content of human milk (HM) provides a powerful means to evaluate the FA nutrient status of breastfed infants. The conventional standard for FA composition analysis of HM is liquid extraction, trans methylation, and analyte detection resolved by gas chromatography. This standard approach requires fresh or frozen samples, storage in deep freeze, organic solvents, and specialized equipment in processing and analysis. Further, HM collection is often impractical for many studies in the free living environment, particularly for studies in developing countries. In the present study, we compare a novel and more practical approach to sample collection and processing that involves the spotting and drying ~50 mL of HM on a specialized paper stored and transported at ambient temperatures until analysis. Deming regression indicated the two methods aligned very well for all LC PUFA and the abundant HM FA. Additionally, strong correlations (r 0.85) were observed for DHA, ARA, EPA, linoleic (LA) and alpha linolenic acids (ALA) which are of particular interest to the health of the developing infant. Taken together, our data suggest this more practical and inexpensive method of collection, storage, and transport of HM milk samples could dramatically facilitate studies of HM, as well as understanding its lipid composition influences on human health and development.
Visual Compiler: Synthesizing a Scene Specific Pedestrian Detector and Pose Estimator
Venue: ArXiv

We introduce the concept of a Visual Compiler that generates a scene specific pedestrian detector and pose estimator without any pedestrian observations. Given a single image and auxiliary scene information in the form of camera parameters and geometric layout of the scene, the Visual Compiler first infers geometrically and photometrically accurate images of humans in that scene through the use of computer graphics rendering. Using these renders we learn a scene and region specific spatially varying fully convolutional neural network, for simultaneous detection, pose estimation and segmentation of pedestrians. We demonstrate that when real human annotated data is scarce or non existent, our data generation strategy can provide an excellent solution for bootstrapping human detection and pose estimation. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms off the shelf state of the art pedestrian detectors and pose estimators that are trained on real data.
Les articulations des textes et des conversations dans l'approche de la communication constitutive des organisations

Les nombreuses recherches se declarant des "CCO" (Communication Constitutive de l'Organisation) mettent particulierement l'accent sur les textes et les conversations a la fois comme objets de recherches ou comme outils conceptuels. A la notion de cycle presente dans l'article de Taylor et ses collegues (1996) qui par definition amene un ordre determine, une repetition d'un phenomene qui ne semble pas se transformer a travers chaque iteration, nous preferons la notion d'articulation entre textes et conversations. L'articulation joint ou rejoint les textes et les conversations pour former un tout plus marquant que ses parties. Nous proposons dans cet article de discuter trois articulations entre texte(s) et conversation(s) afin de montrer les possibilites analytiques qu'offre ce couple et ses proprietes constitutives et organisantes dans la comprehension de phenomenes et de problematiques organisationnels. Ces reflexions ont pour objectifs de questionner la portee analytique de ces concepts notamment lorsqu'il s'agit d'interroger les dimensions spatiales, temporelles ou encore des jeux d'acteurs ou d'actants dans la constitution de l'organisation et pour lesquels les recherches en CCO ont souvent ete critiquees (Bisel, 2009)
Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hemophilia.
Venue: Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important cause of increasing mortality in elderly hemophilia population. Majority of the patients treated with virus non inactivated factor concentrates prepared from large plasma pools prior to 1985 have been found to be infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) a major risk factor for HCC. A PubMed search of articles published until February 2015 was performed utilizing the keywords hemophilia, malignancy, neoplasm, cancer, mortality, ageing hemophilia, epidemiology, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cancer and the relevant articles were included. Contradictory reports are available in literature on the incidence of cancers in general in hemophilia population. Almost all the studies where the incidence of HCC or mortality due to HCC have been analyzed in hemophilia population show that a vast majority of these patients are HCV infected. The incidence of HCC though higher in hemophilic population is related to the higher incidence of HCV infection and not due to the hemophilia phenotype.
An analysis of early juvenile prison architecture in New South Wales and Van Diemen's land

In 1820, Carters' Barracks in Sydney was the first boys only prison built anywhere in the world. Between 1820 and 1834, 500 convict boys, mostly fourteen to sixteen years of age, were trained as apprentices before being assigned to tradesmen and settlers. In Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) another institution was opened at Point Puer, adjacent to Port Arthur in 1834, where over the next fifteen years more than 3,000 boys were sent to be reshaped into useful colonial workers. Research has focussed on the organisational structures of these institutions, including routines, punishments and labour practices. The physical and spatial structures, as an embodiment of juvenile penal ideology, has been substantially overlooked. This article explores the ways in which the ideology of juvenile penal reform shaped spatial choices at Carters' Barracks and Point Puer. It argues that authorities made conscious choices regarding the symbols, placement and usage of space in order to promulgate specific values. It also investigates the tensions between Australian and British ideological regimes that unfolded at Point Puer, before considering space as a contested area where control and resistance are both enacted.
AL (Light Chain) Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Review of Diagnosis and Therapy.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

The amyloidoses are a group of protein folding disorders in which =1 organ is infiltrated by proteinaceous deposits known as amyloid. The deposits are derived from 1 of several amyloidogenic precursor proteins, and the prognosis of the disease is determined both by the organ(s) involved and the type of amyloid. Amyloid involvement of the heart (cardiac amyloidosis) carries the worst prognosis of any involved organ, and light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most serious form of the disease. The last decade has seen considerable progress in understanding the amyloidoses. In this review, current and novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis are discussed, with particular reference to AL amyloidosis in the heart.
Principal Instructional Leadership Behaviors: Teacher vs. Self Perceptions.

In response to ever increasing accountability of school principals to demonstrate higher levels of student achievement, instructional leadership continues to be an important focus among educational researchers. In this paper, researchers briefly review the literature base regarding instructional leadership, then present the conceptual framework adopted for the study. Using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) the team measured self perceptions of principals (n=17) regarding frequency of instructional leadership behaviors enacted in daily leadership, then compared self reports to reports of teachers (n= 407) in principals' schools. Findings revealed no significant differences between respondent groups a departure from typical findings in similar studies. Further investigation of these non significant differences, however, indicated that magnitude and direction of principal teacher differences varies among schools in the sample. The article concludes with possible implications for further research and practice.
The CIRCORT database: Reference ranges and seasonal changes in diurnal salivary cortisol derived from a meta dataset comprised of 15 field studies
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology

Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles are valuable indicators of adrenocortical functioning in epidemiological research and clinical practice. However, normative reference values derived from a large number of participants and across a wide age range are still missing. To fill this gap, data were compiled from 15 independently conducted field studies with a total of 104,623 salivary cortisol samples obtained from 18,698 unselected individuals (mean age: 48.3 years, age range: 0.5 98.5 years, 39% females) Besides providing a descriptive analysis of the complete dataset, we also performed mixed effects growth curve modeling of diurnal salivary cortisol (i.e. 1 16h after awakening) Cortisol decreased significantly across the day and was influenced by both, age and sex. Intriguingly, we also found a pronounced impact of sampling season with elevated diurnal cortisol in spring and decreased levels in autumn. However, the majority of variance was accounted for by between participant and between study variance components. Based on these analyses, reference ranges (LC/MS MS calibrated) for cortisol concentrations in saliva were derived for different times across the day, with more specific reference ranges generated for males and females in different age categories. This integrative summary provides important reference values on salivary cortisol to aid basic scientists and clinicians in interpreting deviations from the normal diurnal cycle.
Effect of Incomplete Meta dataset on Average Ranking Method
Venue: AutoML@ICML

One of the simplest metalearning methods is the average ranking method. This method uses metadata in the form of test results of a given set of algorithms on given set of datasets and calculates an average rank for each algorithm. The ranks are used to construct the average ranking. We investigate the problem of how the process of generating the average ranking is affected by incomplete metadata including fewer test results. This issue is relevant, because if we could show that incomplete metadata does not affect the final results much, we could explore it in future design. We could simply conduct fewer tests and save thus computation time. In this paper we describe an upgraded average ranking method that is capable of dealing with incomplete metadata. Our results show that the proposed method is relatively robust to omission in test results in the meta datasets.
Ouroboros: A Provably Secure Proof of Stake Blockchain Protocol
Venue: CRYPTO

We present "Ouroboros" the first blockchain protocol based on proof of stake with rigorous security guarantees. We establish security properties for the protocol comparable to those achieved by the bitcoin blockchain protocol. As the protocol provides a "proof of stake" blockchain discipline, it offers qualitative efficiency advantages over blockchains based on proof of physical resources (e.g. proof of work) We also present a novel reward mechanism for incentivizing Proof of Stake protocols and we prove that, given this mechanism, honest behavior is an approximate Nash equilibrium, thus neutralizing attacks such as selfish mining.
Status of the Development of a Vapor Chamber with Phase Change Material Based Wick Structure

A traditional vapor chamber operates very similar to a heat pipe, and usually consists of a sintered wick structure, a working fluid in saturation state, and an envelope that serves as mechanical structure. These devices are typically used in high heat flux applications, where effective heat spreading is crucial. The Phase Change Material (PCM) vapor chamber is based on similar principles, except that the design has been altered with innovative features to support thermal storage requirements. The PCM vapor chamber consists of a packed bed of microencapsulated PCM particles surrounded by a two phase working fluid. The microencapsulated PCM particles serve two functions. First, they act as a highly effective thermal storage medium. Second, the packed microencapsulated PCM particles serve as a wick structure for capillary pumping of the two phase working fluid for effective liquid return. In comparison to the traditional approach of designing PCM heat sinks, the PCM vapor chamber eliminates the need for embedding high thermal conductivity metal fins or carbon foams to transfer heat into bulk PCM, which typically consumes at least 50% of the system mass. In addition, the PCM vapor chamber can serve as either a stand alone thermal capacitor or a dual thermal capacitor/heat exchanger capable of heat transfer from surface to surface. This paper describes the novelty of the concept and the status of the development of the vapor chamber with PCM based wick structure.
Ultrahigh Power Factor Carbon Nanotubes and an Ingenious Strategy for Thermoelectric Performance Evaluation.
Venue: Small

An ingenious strategy is put forward to evaluate accurately the thermoelectric performance of carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films, including thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient in the same direction. The results reveal that the as prepared CNT interconnected films and CNT fibers possess enormous potential of thermoelectric applications because of their ultrahigh power factors.
The effectiveness of different forms of online advertising for purchase conversion in a multiple channel attribution framework

The Internet has given rise to many new forms of advertising. Scientific studies have focused on individual reactions to specific advertising forms in isolation and have offered little guidance for aggregate level budget allocation decisions, which are typically based on simple rules. This article compares the long term effectiveness of nine forms of advertising seven online and two offline by means of a structural vector autoregressive model and restricted impulse responses. For five product categories, we investigate how these forms of advertising generate traffic, affect conversion, and contribute to revenue. We find that content integrated advertising is the most effective form, followed by content separated advertising and firm initiated advertising. Although online advertising forms have similar power to drive traffic, content integration dominates content separation in the area of progression toward purchase. Last click attribution underestimates content integrated activities and suggests online advertising budget allocations that yield 10% 12% less revenue than the status quo, whereas the model's proposed online advertising budget allocation yields a 21% revenue increase over the status quo. These results highlight the payoffs for companies that integrate content into online media.
A Review of Uptake and Translocation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products by Food Crops Irrigated with Treated Wastewater

Concerns and knowledge of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) presence in agricultural soils have led to research efforts to assess the uptake and translocation of PPCPs into edible parts of crops. This interest stems because PPCPs can be transferred from soils to food crops due to the use of treated wastewater, also called reclaimed or recycled water, for irrigation. We identified and reviewed 28 plant uptake studies relevant to food crops irrigated with reclaimed water to better understand how PPCPs are taken and translocated in food crops. The food crops included bulb vegetables, cole crops, cucurbits, cereal grains, fruiting and leafy vegetables, herbs and spices, and roots and tuber vegetables. Of the 28 studies of reclaimed water use, 22 were conducted in controlled or greenhouse settings and 6 were field studies. The data from these studies collectively showed that PPCPs can be taken up and then translocate into edible parts of food crops at detectable levels. However, human exposure of PPCPs from food crops is expected to be low due to the smaller concentrations found in food crops. Our major knowledge gap in current understanding of PPCPs uptake by crops irrigated with reclaimed water are lack of sufficient field data as only a limited number of field studies have been conducted. As reclaimed water use is anticipated to increase to meet agriculture water demands, we suggest that additional field studies are needed to better understand the uptake and translocation of PPCPs by crops over multiple growing seasons in different parts of the world.
Stranger Danger, Cell Phones, Traffic, and Active Travel to and from Schools: Perceptions of Parents and Children

This paper summarizes one on one interviews with parents and their middle school children to identify similarities and differences in parents' and children's perceptions of the environment that surrounds travel to and from school, how these perceptions form, and how they influence travel mode choice to and from school. Forty eight interviews were conducted with parent child pairs in three New Jersey communities. In particular, the interviews examined active travel modes, such as walking and bicycling, to and from school. Direct communication with parents and students allowed for a thick description of perspectives and concerns. Analysis of qualitative data showed differences in adult versus child perceptions and the emergence of several themes related to the environment and children's capacity for independence. Themes included differences in comfort with solo travel, which depended on time of day, parental concern with abductions and sexual offenders, common use of cell phones and GPS technology to address safety fears, and perceptions with respect to the safety of travel modes on the basis of gender. Implications for practice included the support of opportunities for children to walk in groups, such as the designation of meet up locations, where students could gather without parental accompaniment, and the encouragement of Walk to School and Walk from School days to help parents and students become comfortable with walking trips. To help children attain the benefits of active travel, schools and communities also could provide skills based education on personal safety and could identify safe areas, where students could go if problems arose.
The Long Term Conditions Questionnaire: conceptual framework and item development
Venue: Patient related outcome measures

To identify the main issues of importance when living with long term conditions to refine a conceptual framework for informing the item development of a patient reported outcome measure for long term conditions.  Semi structured qualitative interviews (n=48) were conducted with people living with at least one long term condition. Participants were recruited through primary care. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by thematic analysis. The analysis served to refine the conceptual framework, based on reviews of the literature and stakeholder consultations, for developing candidate items for a new measure for long term conditions.  Three main organizing concepts were identified: impact of long term conditions, experience of services and support, and self care. The findings helped to refine a conceptual framework, leading to the development of 23 items that represent issues of importance in long term conditions. The 23 candidate items formed the first draft of the measure, currently named the Long Term Conditions Questionnaire.  The aim of this study was to refine the conceptual framework and develop items for a patient reported outcome measure for long term conditions, including single and multiple morbidities and physical and mental health conditions. Qualitative interviews identified the key themes for assessing outcomes in long term conditions, and these underpinned the development of the initial draft of the measure. These initial items will undergo cognitive testing to refine the items prior to further validation in a survey.