nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic interactions and electronic structure of \hbox {Pt}_{2}\hbox {Mn}_{1 x}\hbox {Y}_{x} \hbox {Ga (Y Cr and Fe)$Pt2Mn1 xYxGa (Y Cr and Fe) system: An ab initio calculation

First principles density functional theory based calculations have been carried out to predict the effects of Mn replacement by Fe and Cr on electronic as well as magnetic properties of \hbox {Pt}_{2}\hbox {MnGa}$Pt2MnGa and \hbox {Ni}_{2}\hbox {MnGa}$Ni2MnGa. All the materials studied here are predicted to have conventional Heusler alloy structure in their ground state and they are found to be electronically stable on the basis of their respective formation energy. The replacement of Mn by Fe leads to a ferromagnetic ground state whereas in case of Mn replacement by Cr an intrasublattice antiferromagnetic configuration has been observed to have lower energy. We study the magnetic exchange interaction between the atoms for the materials with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations to show the effects of Fe and Cr substitution at Mn site on the magnetic interactions of these systems. Detailed analysis of electronic structure in terms of density of states has been carried out to study the effect of substitution.
ANALISA RASIO LAPORAN KEUANGAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PT ASTRA AGRO LESTARI TBK

As one of the largest oil palm plantation in Indonesia, which has been operating from the date of October 3, 1988, PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk (Persero) will have financial statements that must always be analyzed sequentially from one period to the next to be used as the basis of the information can be useful either by internal or external parties of the company, and in this case the company may use a ratio analysis of financial statements. as the data collection methods used in this study can be used method of observation and study of literature related to financial data company, to then be analyzed by calculating the ratio of arithmetic can be interpreted in economic relations associated with the performance of the company. The results of the analysis of financial statements with the measurement of Liquidity Ratio, Leverage Ratio, Activity Ratio, Profitability Ratio, it can be said the company in a state quite well.  T he company's performance, financial statement ratio analysis.
Zimbabwe to introduce Zimbabwe Bond Notes: reactions and perceptions of economic agents within the first seven days after the announcement

The study analysed the reactions and perceptions of Zimbabwean economic agents following the announcement of the impending introduction of the Zimbabwe Bond Notes. The analysis was done through primary data collection in which a structured questionnaire was administered to 145 economic agents within the first seven days after the announcement. The following are the major findings: majority of the surveyed Zimbabwean economic agents, totalling 109 representing 75% of the sample said they were frightened by the announcement. A total of 95 respondents (which accounted for 66% of the total sample) indicated that the introduction of the Zimbabwe Bond Notes will negatively impact on their business operations and/or economic activities. To minimise the possible negative impacts of Zimbabwe Bond Notes on their economic activities, economic agents were going to (i) withdraw all the US dollars from their local (Zimbabwean) bank accounts, (ii) keep all their US dollars safely in their homes or even under the pillow and (iii) do nothing! Given free choice and without any coercion to choose between US dollars and the Zimbabwe Bond Notes as the medium of exchange, majority of respondents totally 136 (representing 94% of the sample) said they will prefer and demand US dollars, while only two respondents (representing 1% of the sample) said they will demand the Bond Notes. A total of seven respondents (representing 5% of the sample) said they will demand both US dollars and Zimbabwe Bond Notes. The major disadvantages of the introduction of Bond Notes into the economy includes (i) not convertible, (ii) discourages imports, (iii) discourages investments, (iv) inflationary, (v) erodes confidence in the financial system, (vi) promotes black (parallel) market in foreign currency. The introduction of the the Zimbabwe Bond Notes will have a negative and severe impact on the economic activities of Zimbabwe as represented by declines in exports, manufacturing activities, investment and deposit banking; and an increase in inflation. Majority of respondents amounting to 135 out of the 145 interviewees (representing 93% of the sample) said that if the authorities are determined to continue and implement the policy contrary to the views by the general business community and ordinary Zimbabwean citizens, then the best they can do is to inject the US$200 million into the economy as United States of America dollars (US$
Deep Unsupervised Clustering with Gaussian Mixture Variational Autoencoders
Venue: ArXiv

We study a variant of the variational autoencoder model (VAE) with a Gaussian mixture as a prior distribution, with the goal of performing unsupervised clustering through deep generative models. We observe that the known problem of over regularisation that has been shown to arise in regular VAEs also manifests itself in our model and leads to cluster degeneracy. We show that a heuristic called minimum information constraint that has been shown to mitigate this effect in VAEs can also be applied to improve unsupervised clustering performance with our model. Furthermore we analyse the effect of this heuristic and provide an intuition of the various processes with the help of visualizations. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our model on synthetic data, MNIST and SVHN, showing that the obtained clusters are distinct, interpretable and result in achieving competitive performance on unsupervised clustering to the state of the art results.
Dialectics of nature in materials science: binary cooperative complementary materials
Venue: Science China Materials

Binary cooperative complementary materials, consisting of two components with entirely opposite physiochemical properties at the nanoscale, are presented as a novel principle for the design and construct of functional materials. By summarizing recent achievement in materials science, it can be found that the cooperative interaction distance between the pair of complementary property must be comparable with the scale of related physical or chemical parameter. When the binary components are in the cooperative distance, the cooperation between these building blocks becomes dominant and endows the macroscopic materials with unique properties and advanced functionalities that cannot be achieved by either of building blocks.Zhai Yao "Er Yuan Xie Tong Cai Liao "Zhe Yi Xin Gai Nian ,Bu Tong Yu Chuan Tong De Dan Yi Ti Xiang Cai Liao ,Shi Zai Cai Liao De Hong Guan Biao Mian Huo Ti Xiang Nei Jian Zao Er Yuan Xie Tong Na Mi Jie Mian Jie Gou Gai Cai Liao She Ji Yuan Li Shi ,Zai Jie Guan Chi Du Yin Ru Bu Tong Shen Zhi Wan Quan Xiang Fan Li Hua Xing Zhi De Na Mi Wei Qu ,Zai Mou Chong Tiao Jian Xia Ju You Xie Tong De Xiang Hu Zuo Yong Yi Zhi Zai Hong Guan Shang Cheng Xian Chu Chao Chang Gui Wu Xing De Cai Liao .Zhe Yi Xin Yuan Li De Guan Jian Shi Zhao Chu Zhe Liang Chong Zu Fen Jian De Xie Tong Ju Chi Gai Xie Tong Ju Chi Ying Gai Yu Wu Li Huo Hua Xue Zhong De Mou Yi Te Zheng Chang Shu Xiang Guan .Zhe Yi She Ji Yuan Li Ke Yi Tuo Zhan Dao Cai Liao Ke Xue De Duo Ge Ling Yu Yong Yu Zhi Dao Zhi Bei Ge Chong Xin Xing Gong Neng Cai Liao
Banana Plant Disease Detection and Grading Using Image Processing

Agriculture with its associated sectors is undoubtedly the largest livelihood provider in India. Today, in agriculture plant disease is the significant concern as it reduces the production and quality of food. Hence there is a need to detect the plant diseases at the early stage. Banana leaf is highly exposed to diseases like Black Sigatoka, Yellow Sigatoka, Bunchy top, Panama Wilt, Streak virus. The detection of plant leaf diseases requires close observation. In this paper, we propose software solution for automatic plant disease detection and finally the percentage infection using image processing technique. Image processing techniques are employed to enhance the quality of images. Besides, the proposed work uses Artificial Neural Network to classify the Banana plant diseases which are mentioned above. The proposed system involves several steps, which includedataset creation, image pre processing, HOT feature extraction and artificial neural network based training and classification. Finally a system is developed that extracts the features from images and classifies the diseases is using ANN algorithm.
Applying comprehensive geriatric assessment to investigate falls.
Venue: Nursing older people

This is the second article in a short series that presents case study examples of the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in different clinical settings. CGA is a holistic assessment model designed to determine frail older people's medical and mental health status, as well as functional, social and environmental issues. When applied by nurses, it can enable individualised planning for health, safety and wellbeing. This article presents the case of an older man who had a three month history of falls. After his most recent fall he was admitted to an emergency department, where examination identified no significant abnormal pathology, and subsequently to a nurse led older person's clinic. The article describes how a CGA approach was adopted to assess the man, establish an underlying diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, and develop a personalised care plan to address immediate falls risk and long term planning.
Prevalence, Patterns and Predictors of Psychotropic Polypharmacy Among Elderly Individuals with Parkinson's Disease In Long Term Care Settings In The United States.
Venue: Journal of Parkinson's disease

Elderly individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) generally suffer from more than one psychiatric comorbidity, which necessitates the use of concurrent psychotropic medications. To the best of the author's knowledge there are no nationally representative estimates of psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly individuals with PD in the United States (US) OBJECTIVE Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence, patterns and predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly individuals with PD in the (US) METHODS A retrospective, cross sectional study design with 2004 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS) and 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS) data was used. The analytic sample included elderly (age =65 years) individuals with PD. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedative/hypnotics, and anti anxiety medications constituted the psychotropic medication classes. Concurrent use of two or more psychotropic medications was classified as psychotropic polypharmacy.  93,648 and 37,439 elderly individuals with PD resided in nursing homes and home health settings respectively. Among elderly nursing home residents with PD, the nationally representative prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy was 26.28% whereas, it was 21.36% in the home health setting. Use of antidepressant medications constituted the majority of the psychotropic medication use among both nursing home (48.91% and home health (40.98% residents with PD. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that specific comorbidities were significantly associated with psychotropic polypharmacy among elderly nursing home residents with PD.  These findings underscore the importance of evidence based prescribing when psychotropic medications are used in elderly individuals with PD to reduce unnecessary polypharmacy.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Mapping of Complex Surface Mined and Agricultural Landscapes Using ZiYuan 3 Stereo Satellite Imagery
Venue: Remote. Sens.

Land cover mapping (LCM) in complex surface mined and agricultural landscapes could contribute greatly to regulating mine exploitation and protecting mine geo environments. However, there are some special and spectrally similar land covers in these landscapes which increase the difficulty in LCM when employing high spatial resolution images. There is currently no research on these mixed complex landscapes. The present study focused on LCM in such a mixed complex landscape located in Wuhan City, China. A procedure combining ZiYuan 3 (ZY 3) stereo satellite imagery, the feature selection (FS) method, and machine learning algorithms (MLAs) (random forest, RF; support vector machine, SVM; artificial neural network, ANN) was proposed and first examined for both LCM of surface mined and agricultural landscapes (MSMAL) and classification of surface mined land (CSML) respectively. The mean and standard deviation filters of spectral bands and topographic features derived from ZY 3 stereo images were newly introduced. Comparisons of three MLAs, including their sensitivities to FS and whether FS resulted in significant influences, were conducted for the first time in the present study. The following conclusions are drawn. Textures were of little use, and the novel features contributed to improve classification accuracy. Regarding the influence of FS: FS substantially reduced feature set (by 68% for MSMAL and 87% for CSML) and often improved classification accuracies (with an average value of 4.48% for MSMAL using three MLAs, and 11.39% for CSML using RF and SVM) FS showed statistically significant improvements except for ANN based MSMAL; SVM was most sensitive to FS, followed by ANN and RF. Regarding comparisons of MLAs: for MSMAL based on feature subset, RF achieved the greatest overall accuracy of 77.57% followed by SVM and ANN; for CSML, SVM had the highest accuracies (87.34% followed by RF and ANN; based on the feature subsets, significant differences were observed for MSMAL and CSML using any pair of MLAs. In general, the proposed approach can contribute to LCM in complex surface mined and agricultural landscapes.
Hardware design and implementation of a novel ANN based chaotic generator in FPGA

This paper presents a novel hardware implementation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for modeling of the Pehlivan Uyaroglu Chaotic System (PUCS) on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) There are two main parts in the proposed work. In the first part, a 3 8 3 Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) has been created using Matlab R2015a. The training results show that FFNN trained with back propagation algorithm exhibits satisfactory precision for the direct implementation. In the second part, the hardware implementation of the trained network has been carried out. The designed architecture is presented using Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex 6 (XC6VCX240T) chip. All related parameters are defined with IEEE 754 single precision floating point number format. For the approximation of Log Sigmoid transfer function, Xilinx's COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) design has been employed. The design can be used with a clock frequency up to 266.429 MHz. Finally, chip statistics of FPGA and analysis results have been presented. The proposed work have showed that chaotic systems can be successfully modeled using ANNs on FPGA. In future, chaos based engineering applications can be performed using ANN based chaotic oscillators on FPGA.
Paving the Way for Lignin Valorisation: Recent Advances in Bioengineering, Biorefining and Catalysis
Venue: Angewandte Chemie

Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with a high carbon content and high aromaticity. Despite its potential as a raw material for the fuel and chemical industries, lignin remains the most poorly utilised of the lignocellulosic biopolymers. Effective valorisation of lignin requires careful fine tuning of multiple "upstream" (i.e. lignin bioengineering, lignin isolation and "early stage catalytic conversion of lignin" and "downstream" (i.e. lignin depolymerisation and upgrading) process stages, demanding input and understanding from a broad array of scientific disciplines. This review provides a "beginning to end" analysis of the recent advances reported in lignin valorisation. Particular emphasis is placed on the improved understanding of lignin's biosynthesis and structure, differences in structure and chemical bonding between native and technical lignins, emerging catalytic valorisation strategies, and the relationships between lignin structure and catalyst performance.
Self adaptive access control delegation in cloud computing
Venue: 2016 17th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD)

Cloud computing has seen significant progress in the last decade, and is still on the rise. A big number of companies are shifting their infrastructure to the cloud because of the numerous advantages it offers, such as rapid elasticity and scalability. However, moving to the cloud also presents a number of challenges. In this paper we focus on one of the major challenges, i.e. access control and delegation in a cloud environment. There exist many frameworks and models that solve issues pertinent to this area and allow dynamic delegation of access rights. However, none of them are robust enough to handle unprecedented changes, i.e. situations not handled at the time of requirements engineering. We've presented a risk based, self adaptive access control and delegation framework that caters to such situations by continuously monitoring and evaluating the user risk score and environmental factors, and automatically adapting to the changes incurred by reconfiguring the system. The proposed framework is able to adapt to unprecedented change as it can delegate access rights to previously unauthorized users in an emergency situation and revoke users' access rights based on environmental factors, while running in a continuous feedback loop.
Spatial economic attributes of airport centric developments in Cape Town and Johannesburg

The existing knowledge lacks empirically informed description and explanation of the economic fundamentals driving the forces of attraction of airports. This void is arguably a result of the absence of an appropriate theoretical framework to guide the analyses. The aim of the study was therefore to contribute towards a theoretical framework that describes and explains forces that drive the location and mix of airport centric developments. Towards achieving this aim, the objectives of the study were: one, to establish the type of economic activities that are located on and around the Cape Town and OR Tambo airports, and analyse the reasons for locating there; two, to identify a propulsive economic element found around the Cape Town and OR Tambo airports, and analyse the linkages they have with the airport centric developments and airports; three, to analyse the spatial, economic and structural linkages within the airport centric developments of the Cape Town and OR Tambo airports, between the airport centric developments and the airports, as well as the airport centric developments' linkages with their metropolitan areas and other regional, national and international airport centric developments and locations; four, to establish the changes that have occurred over time in the form of the airport centric developments of the Cape Town and OR Tambo airports. To address the research objectives, the study adopted a case study approach, centred on the Cape Town and OR Tambo international airports and surrounds in South Africa. A survey was used as a main data collection method, with the investigations informed primarily by the conceptualisation of the growth pole theory. From the findings, the Cape Town and OR Tambo airports were discovered to have propulsive economic qualities that act as significant forces of attraction in the clustering of firms. Together with their airport centric developments, the two airports were discovered to have growth pole properties because of the linkages that occur within the study areas, and the linkages that exist between the airport centric firms and the airports. It was noted that the transport oriented firms (typified by couriers and freight carriers) act as anchors in some fellow airport centric firms making use of elements of urbanisation economies, particularly as regards the use of the two airports for airfreight services. The study contributed towards a spatial economic theory of airport centric developments, using the following concepts as building blocks: economic space, relational firm, geographical and organisational proximity, relational scale and pattern; understood in terms of their interconnections with the concepts of linkages, agglomeration economies, clustering, and the propulsive economic element. The theoretical framework is summarised as follows. One, airportStellenbosch University https:/scholar.sun.ac.za
Is the expansion of the universe accelerating? All signs point to yes

The accelerating expansion of the universe is one of the most profound discoveries in modern cosmology, pointing to a universe in which 70% of the mass energy density has an unknown form spread uniformly across the universe. This result has been well established using a combination of cosmological probes (e.g. Planck Collaboration et al. 2016) resulting in a "standard model" of modern cosmology that is a combination of a cosmological constant with cold dark matter and baryons. The first compelling evidence for the acceleration came in the late 1990's, when two independent teams studying type Ia supernovae discovered that distant SNe Ia were dimmer than expected. The combined analysis of modern cosmology experiments, including SNe Ia, the Hubble constant, baryon acoustic oscillations, and the cosmic microwave background has now measured the contributions of matter and the cosmological constant to the energy density of the universe to better than 0.01, providing a secure measurement of acceleration. A recent study (Tr{\o}st Nielsen et al. 2015) has claimed that the evidence for acceleration from SNe Ia is "marginal." Here we demonstrate errors in that analysis which reduce the acceleration significance from SNe Ia, and further demonstrate that conservative constraints on the curvature or matter density of the universe increase the significance even more. Analyzing the Joint Light curve Analysis supernova sample, we find 4.2{\sigma} evidence for acceleration with SNe Ia alone, and 11.2{\sigma} in a flat universe. With our improved supernova analysis and by not rejecting all other cosmological constraints, we find that acceleration is quite secure.
Ontologies and Shape Grammars A Relational Overview Towards Semantic Design Systems

This paper provides an overview on the relation between computational ontologies and shape grammars regarding the development and production of multi purpose Semantic Design Systems. The objective of the author's ongoing research is to assist the creation of generative design systems, applicable to design processes in general. Shape grammar rules and ontologies in these systems will be focusing on abstract, generic rules and generic descriptions. When combined through contextually specified relations, these assume semantic expressions and should be able to produce meaningful results.We collect here a short state of the art of the research developed in the fields of architecture, urbanism and computer science in the past ten years regarding the use of knowledge bases (ontologies) combined with generative design systems (with a particular focus on shape grammars) We expect to provide both insight about architectural and urban typologies and the production of meaningful designs using automated generative design systems.