nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A decade of human genome project conclusion: Scientific diffusion about our genome knowledge
Venue: Biochemistry and molecular biology education a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was initiated in 1990 and completed in 2003. It aimed to sequence the whole human genome. Although it represented an advance in understanding the human genome and its complexity, many questions remained unanswered. Other projects were launched in order to unravel the mysteries of our genome, including the ENCyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) This review aims to analyze the evolution of scientific knowledge related to both the HGP and ENCODE projects. Data were retrieved from scientific articles published in 1990 2014, a period comprising the development and the 10 years following the HGP completion. The fact that only 20,000 genes are protein and RNA coding is one of the most striking HGP results. A new concept about the organization of genome arose. The ENCODE project was initiated in 2003 and targeted to map the functional elements of the human genome. This project revealed that the human genome is pervasively transcribed. Therefore, it was determined that a large part of the non protein coding regions are functional. Finally, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure emerged. The mechanistic functioning of the genome has been redrafted, revealing a much more complex picture. Besides, a gene centric conception of the organism has to be reviewed. A number of criticisms have emerged against the ENCODE project approaches, raising the question of whether non conserved but biochemically active regions are truly functional. Thus, HGP and ENCODE projects accomplished a great map of the human genome, but the data generated still requires further in depth analysis.
Effect of Extenders and Insemination Protocol on the Fertilizing Capacity of Cryopreserved Arabian Horse Semen

M.M. Waheed1,2* K.O. Al Khaldi3, and N. Pratap4 1Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, P.O. 400, Al Hufof, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12515, Giza, Egypt 3Royal Oman Police, Mounted Division, Veterinary Section, Muscat, Oman 4Division of Reproduction, Laboratories and Animal Research Centre, Directorate General of Veterinary Services, Royal Court Affairs, P.O. Box 64, P.C. 111, Muscat, Oman SOJ Veterinary Sciences Open Access Research Article
Analisis y optimizacion de modelos de rotor de motor sincrono para vehiculos hibridos con la incorporacion de nuevos materiales magneticos

espanolEn la presente tesis, por un lado, se estudian las tecnologias de fabricacion de imanes permanentes de tierras raras para determinar una alternativa viable a los imanes NdFeB sinterizados, monopolizados por China, y por otro lado se estudian los distintos tipos de motores electricos mas idoneos para su aplicacion en vehiculos electricos. Una vez determinado que los motores sincronos de imanes permanentes son actualmente los mas apropiados, y tomando el motor MG2 del Toyota Prius como base, se desarrolla un nuevo modelo de rotor que utilice eficazmente imanes permanentes aglomerados, con mas posibilidades de conformacion que los sinterizados. EnglishIn this Thesis, on the one hand, manufacturing technologies of rare earth permanent magnets are studied to determine a viable alternative to sintered NdFeB magnets monopolized by China, and, on the other hand, the most suitable types of electric motors are also studied for its implementation in electric vehicles. Once having determined that the synchronous permanent magnet motors are, at the present time, the most convenient option, and taking Toyota Prius MG2 motor as a basis, a new rotor model efficiently using agglomerate permanent magnets is developed with more conformation possibilities than the sintered ones.
Evaluating listening and speaking skills in a mobile game based learning environment with situational contexts

Game based learning activities that facilitate students' listening and speaking skills were designed in this study. To participate in learning activities, students in the control group used traditional methods, while students in the experimental group used a mobile system. In our study, we looked into the feasibility of mobile game based learning activities. One experiment was carried out and the results revealed that the experimental group students significantly outperformed the control group students on the verbal post test. However, the performance of the two groups was equal on the listening post test. Two variables (the average score for the interactive jigsaw game and the number of designed cards) were found to be the most important factors for influencing students' performance in the verbal post test. Furthermore, most students had positive perceptions toward learning activities that are supported by a mobile system. These results suggest that game based learning activities can significantly improve students' speaking skills if driven by a mobile system. Furthermore, these results suggest that learning activities with a mobile system foster students to (1) practice speaking English as a foreign language (EFL) more frequently as well as to reflect on their speech; (2) create meaningful sentences and speak with greater accuracy and confidence; and (3) practice speaking EFL in an authentic context.
Thinking And Speaking In Two Languages

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A multi task learning model for malware classification with useful file access pattern from API call sequence
Venue: ArXiv

Based on API call sequences, semantic aware and machine learning (ML) based malware classifiers can be built for malware detection or classification. Previous works concentrate on crafting and extracting various features from malware binaries, disassembled binaries or API calls via static or dynamic analysis and resorting to ML to build classifiers. However, they tend to involve too much feature engineering and fail to provide interpretability. We solve these two problems with the recent advances in deep learning: 1) RNN based autoencoders (RNN AEs) can automatically learn low dimensional representation of a malware from its raw API call sequence. 2) Multiple decoders can be trained under different supervisions to give more information, other than the class or family label of a malware. Inspired by the works of document classification and automatic sentence summarization, each API call sequence can be regarded as a sentence. In this paper, we make the first attempt to build a multi task malware learning model based on API call sequences. The model consists of two decoders, one for malware classification and one for \emph{file access pattern} (FAP) generation given the API call sequence of a malware. We base our model on the general seq2seq framework. Experiments show that our model can give competitive classification results as well as insightful FAP information.
Deep long short term memory networks for speech recognition
Venue: 2016 10th International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing (ISCSLP)

Speech recognition has been significantly improved by applying acoustic models based on deep neural network which could be realized as the feedforward NN (FNN) or the recurrent NN (RNN) In general, FNN is feasible to project the observations onto a deep invariant feature space while RNN is beneficial to capture the temporal information in a sequential data for speech recognition. RNN based on long short term memory (LSTM) is capable of storing inputs over a long time period and thus exploiting a self learned mechanism for long range temporal context. Considering the complimentary FNN and RNN in their modeling capabilities, this paper presents a deep model which is constructed by stacking LSTM and FNN. Through the cascade of LSTM cells and fully connected feedforward units, we explore the temporal patterns and summarize the long history of previous inputs in a deep learning machine. The experiments on 3rd CHiME challenge and Aurora 4 show that the stacks of hybrid model with FNN post processor outperform stand alone FNN and LSTM and the other hybrid models for robust speech recognition.
Fabrication of electrospun silk fibroin scaffolds coated with graphene oxide and reduced graphene for applications in biomedicine.
Venue: Bioelectrochemistry

Silk fibroin and graphene are both promising biomaterials described in the bibliography. Hybrid scaffolds combining their properties could be attractive for tissue engineering applications. In this work, a new methodology to produce electrospun fibroin scaffolds coated with graphene materials is provided. The mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties of the materials attained were characterised. The fibre diameters were measured (from 3.9 to 5.2 mm) The samples coated with reduced grapheme were electronic conductors and electroactive in liquid electrolytes, showing maximum oxidation and reduction (around 0.4 V peak) The chronoamperometric responses showed a reduction shoulder, pointing to the entrance of balancing cations from the solution by nucleation relaxation: the reaction induced structural changes in the graphene. In order to check the biocompatibility of the materials, they were seeded with L929 fibroblasts. The excellent biocompatibility of silk fibroin meshes was maintained after coating with graphene, being the proliferation results equal in all the treatments 7 days after the seeding (Tukey, p N 0.05).The conductive and electroactive properties of meshes coated with reduced graphene allow the potential application of local electric fields or local ionic currents to cell cultures, biological interfaces or animal models without host response.
Tailoring the Oxygen Content of Graphite and Reduced Graphene Oxide for Specific Applications
Venue: Scientific reports

Graphene oxide (GO) is widely recognized as a promising material in a variety of fields, but its structure and composition has yet to be fully controlled. We have developed general strategies to control the oxidation degree of graphene like materials via two methods: oxidation of graphite by KMnO4 in H2SO4 (oGO) and reduction of highly oxidized GO by hydrazine (rGO) Even though the oxygen content may be the same, oGO and rGO have different properties, for example the adsorption ability, oxidation ability, and electron conductivity. These differences in property arise from the difference in the underlying graphitic structure and the type of defect present. Our results can be used as a guideline for the production of tailor made graphitic carbons. As an example, we show that rGO with 23.1 wt% oxygen showed the best performance as an electrode of an electric double layer capacitor.
Using the PRECEDE PROCEED Model and Service Learning to Teach Health Promotion and Wellness: An Innovative Approach for Physical Therapist Professional Education

The purpose of this paper is to describe the methods and outcomes of using the PRECEDEPROCEED public health planning model combined with service learning for teaching health and wellness content to entrylevel physical therapist (PT) students. Model Description and Evaluation. The study was retrospective in nature and was based on the process and outcomes of teaching health promotion and wellness content to Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students using a combination of service learning and a theory driven public health planning model. A cohort of 45 DPT students participated in a series of 2 health promotion and wellness courses. Pre and postcourse student surveys were completed along with written reflections. The PRECEEDPROCEED public health planning model is described along with details of how it was utilized in guiding health promotion community projects.  DPT students indicated improved interest, confidence, and willingness to participate in health promotion programs for populations in the community after graduation. PT students value both community service and service learning. Time and scheduling restraints were among the challenges faced.  The PRECEDE PROCEED model offers a structured approach for performing service learning projects in the area of health promotion and wellness within PT professional education.
Knowledge synthesis methods for integrating qualitative and quantitative data: a scoping review reveals poor operationalization of the methodological steps.
Venue: Journal of clinical epidemiology

To describe and compare, through a scoping review, emerging knowledge synthesis methods for integrating qualitative and quantitative evidence in health care, in terms of expertise required, similarities, differences, strengths, limitations, and steps involved in using the methods.  Electronic databases (e.g. MEDLINE) were searched, and two reviewers independently selected studies and abstracted data for qualitative analysis.  In total, 121 articles reporting seven knowledge synthesis methods (critical interpretive synthesis, integrative review, meta narrative review, meta summary, mixed studies review, narrative synthesis, and realist review) were included after screening of 17,962 citations and 1,010 full text articles. Common similarities among methods related to the entire synthesis process, while common differences related to the research question and eligibility criteria. The most common strength was a comprehensive synthesis providing rich contextual data, whereas the most common weakness was a highly subjective method that was not reproducible. For critical interpretive synthesis, meta narrative review, meta summary, and narrative synthesis, guidance was not provided for some steps of the review process.  Some of the knowledge synthesis methods provided guidance on all steps, whereas other methods were missing guidance on the synthesis process. Further work is needed to clarify these emerging knowledge synthesis methods.
A Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Continuous Mode Technology
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

In this paper, a novel broadband Doherty power amplifier based on the continuous mode technique (C DPA) is proposed. The amplifier is focused on manipulating harmonic components in a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) structure to achieve improved bandwidth and efficiency. In a conventional DPA, harmonic isolation is typically required between the two transistors to prevent them from modulating each other at harmonic frequencies. However, as presented in this paper, such isolation is not actually necessary. On the contrary, by allowing the two transistors to modulate each other at harmonic frequencies with the help of a properly designed postharmonic tuning network, a series of highly efficient DPA modes can be created over a continuous frequency band, leading to a broadband C DPA. Based on the proposed method, an example of a C DPA working from 1.65 to 2.75 GHz was designed. According to the measured results, the designed C DPA exhibits a 52% 66% efficiency at a 6 dB power backoff and a power utilization factor higher than 1.08 over the 1.1 GHz band. In addition, when simulated by a 7.5 dB peak to average power ratio 20 MHz LTE signal, the example C DPA exhibits an efficiency of 46% 62% while maintaining an adjacent channel power ratio below 45 dBc after linearization over the full 1.1 GHz band. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposed C DPA and a state of the art performance for broadband DPAs.
Implicit short and long term memory direct our gaze in visual search
Venue: Attention, perception psychophysics

Visual attention is strongly affected by the past: both by recent experience and by long term regularities in the environment that are encoded in and retrieved from memory. In visual search, intertrial repetition of targets causes speeded response times (short term priming) Similarly, targets that are presented more often than others may facilitate search, even long after it is no longer present (long term priming) In this study, we investigate whether such short term priming and long term priming depend on dissociable mechanisms. By recording eye movements while participants searched for one of two conjunction targets, we explored at what stages of visual search different forms of priming manifest. We found both long and short term priming effects. Long term priming persisted long after the bias was present, and was again found even in participants who were unaware of a color bias. Short and long term priming affected the same stage of the task; both biased eye movements towards targets with the primed color, already starting with the first eye movement. Neither form of priming affected the response phase of a trial, but response repetition did. The results strongly suggest that both long and short term memory can implicitly modulate feedforward visual processing.
Working memory capacity and recall from long term memory: Examining the influences of encoding strategies, study time allocation, search efficiency, and monitoring abilities.
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

The relation between working memory capacity (WMC) and recall from long term memory (LTM) was examined in the current study. Participants performed multiple measures of delayed free recall varying in presentation duration and self reported their strategy usage after each task. Participants also performed multiple measures of WMC. The results suggested that WMC and LTM recall were related, and part of this relation was due to effective strategy use. However, adaptive changes in strategy use and study time allocation were not related to WMC. Examining multiple variables with structural equation modeling suggested that the relation between WMC and LTM recall was due to variation in effective strategy use, search efficiency, and monitoring abilities. Furthermore, all variables were shown to account for individual differences in LTM recall. These results suggest that the relation between WMC and recall from LTM is due to multiple strategic factors operating at both encoding and retrieval.
The Control of Single color and Multiple color Visual Search by Attentional Templates in Working Memory and in Long term Memory
Venue: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

The question whether target selection in visual search can be effectively controlled by simultaneous attentional templates for multiple features is still under dispute. We investigated whether multiple color attentional guidance is possible when target colors remain constant and can thus be represented in long term memory but not when they change frequently and have to be held in working memory. Participants searched for one, two, or three possible target colors that were specified by cue displays at the start of each trial. In constant color blocks, the same colors remained task relevant throughout. In variable color blocks, target colors changed between trials. The contralateral delay activity (CDA) to cue displays increased in amplitude as a function of color memory load in variable color blocks, which indicates that cued target colors were held in working memory. In constant color blocks, the CDA was much smaller, suggesting that color representations were primarily stored in long term memory. N2pc components to targets were measured as a marker of attentional target selection. Target N2pcs were attenuated and delayed during multiple color search, demonstrating less efficient attentional deployment to color defined target objects relative to single color search. Importantly, these costs were the same in constant color and variable color blocks. These results demonstrate that attentional guidance by multiple feature as compared with single feature templates is less efficient both when target features remain constant and can be represented in long term memory and when they change across trials and therefore have to be maintained in working memory.
Primary Care Providers' Beliefs and Recommendations and Use of Screening Mammography by their Patients
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine

BackgroundRevised breast cancer screening guidelines have fueled debate about the effectiveness and frequency of screening mammography, encouraging discussion between women and their providers.ObjectiveTo examine whether primary care providers' (PCPs' beliefs about the effectiveness and frequency of screening mammography are associated with utilization by their patients.DesignCross sectional survey data from PCPs (2014) from three primary care networks affiliated with the Population based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium, linked with data about their patients' mammography use (2011 2014).ParticipantsPCPs (n 209) and their female patients age 40 89 years without breast cancer (n 30,233).Main MeasuresOutcomes included whether (1) women received a screening mammogram during a 2 year period; and (2) screened women had >1 mammogram during that period, reflecting annual screening. Principal independent variables were PCP beliefs about the effectiveness of mammography and their recommendations for screening frequency.Key ResultsOverall 65.2% of women received >1 screening mammogram. For women 40 48 years, mammography use was modestly lower for those cared for by PCPs who believed that screening was ineffective compared with those who believed it was somewhat or very effective (59.1% 62.3% and 64.7% p 0.019 after controlling for patient characteristics) Of women with PCPs who reported they did not recommend screening before age 50, 48.1% were nonetheless screened. For women age 49 74 years, the vast majority were cared for by providers who believed that screening was effective. Provider recommendations were not associated with screening frequency. For women =75 years, those cared for by providers who were uncertain about effectiveness had higher screening use (50.7% than those cared for by providers who believed it was somewhat effective (42.8% Patients of providers who did not recommend screening were less likely to be screened than were those whose providers recommended annual screening, yet 37.1% of patients whose providers recommended against screening still received screening.ConclusionsPCP beliefs about mammography effectiveness and screening recommendations are only modestly associated with use, suggesting other likely influences on patient participation in mammography.