nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape based compliant control with variable coordination centralization on a snake robot
Venue: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

For highly articulated robots, there is a tradeoff between the capability to navigate complex unstructured environments and the high computational cost of coordinating many degrees of freedom. In this work, an approach that we refer to as shape based control helps to balance this trade off using shape functions, geometric abstractions that determine the coupling between multiple degrees of freedom during locomotion. This approach provides a way to intuitively adapt the shape of highly articulated robots using joint level torque feedback control, allowing a robot to compliantly feel its way through unstructured terrain. In this work we specifically focus on compliance in the spatial frequency and temporal phase parameters of a snake like robot's wave like periodic wave like kinematics. We show how varying the spatial frequency within the shape based control architecture allows a single controller to vary the degree to which different degrees of freedom are coupled throughout a mechanism's body, i.e. the controller's degree of centralization. We experimentally find that for a snake like robot locomoting through an irregularly spaced peg array, shape based control results in more effective locomotion when compared to a central pattern generator based approach.
Acceleration of advanced radar processing chain and adaptive pulse compression using GPGPU
Venue: SpringSim

Adaptive Pulse Compression (APC) which will provide super resolution capability for current radar system, is an extremely time consuming process. It is always beneficial that have APC process been done faster to even real time to meet the demand of numerous applications, such as Airborne Sense and Avoid (ABSAA) system. In this paper, the supercomputing capability of Generalized Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is utilized to accelerate the APC algorithm of radar signal processing. Generalized APC algorithm, such as Matched Filter (MF) as well as advanced APC algorithms, such as Reiterative Minimum Mean Square Error (RMMSE) and RMMSE based on Matched Filter outputs (MF RMMSE) are implemented on Central Processing Unit (CPU) based platform along with efficient CPU based libraries, such as EIGEN and FFTW, and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based platform along with Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) technology. Comparison of latency performance is provided between CPU and GPU based platforms. The results shows a great potential to expedite pulse compression and APC processing to meet the real time requirement.
Multi objective test report prioritization using image understanding
Venue: 2016 31st IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering (ASE)

In crowdsourced software testing, inspecting the large number of test reports is an overwhelming but inevitable software maintenance task. In recent years, to alleviate this task, many text based test report classification and prioritization techniques have been proposed. However in the mobile testing domain, test reports often consist of more screenshots and shorter descriptive text, and thus text based techniques may be ineffective or inapplicable. The shortage and ambiguity of natural language text information and the well defined screenshots of activity views within mobile applications motivate our novel technique based on using image understanding for multi objective test report prioritization. In this paper, by taking the similarity of screenshots into consideration, we present a multi objective optimization based prioritization technique to assist inspections of crowdsourced test reports. In our technique, we employ the Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM) technique to measure the similarity of the screenshots, and apply the natural language processing technique to measure the distance between the text of test reports. Furthermore, to validate our technique, an experiment with more than 600 test reports and 2500 images is conducted. The experimental results show that image understanding techniques can provide benefit to test report prioritization for most applications.
Helicobacter pylori vacA transcription is genetically determined and stratifies the level of human gastric inflammation and atrophy
Venue: Journal of Clinical Pathology

Helicobacter pylori infection is the major cause of peptic ulceration and gastric cancer, and an important virulence determinant is its vacuolating cytotoxin vacA. Previously, we have described allelic variation in vacA which determines toxin activity and disease risk. Here we aimed to quantify vacA mRNA expression in the human stomach, define its genetic determinants and assess how well it predicts gastric pathology.  Gastric biopsies were donated by 39 patients with H. pylori infection attending for endoscopy at Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. Total RNA was extracted, and vacA mRNA quantified by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Separate biopsies were histologically scored for inflammation and atrophy using the updated Sydney system. H. pylori strains were isolated from further biopsies, and the nucleotide sequence upstream of vacA determined. Results vacA mRNA levels in human stomachs varied by two orders of magnitude independently of vacA allelic type. Among vacA i1 type (toxic) strains, increased vacA expression was strongly associated with higher grade gastric inflammation (p<0.02) neutrophil infiltration (p<0.005) and the presence of atrophy (p<0.01) A polymorphism at nucleotide +28 near the base of a potential stem loop structure within the 5' untranslated region was significantly associated with vacA transcript level and inflammation.  Increased gastric vacA expression during H. pylori infection is associated with inflammation and premalignant pathology. The +28 nucleotide within the vacA 5' stem loop stratifies disease risk among toxic vacA i1 type strains.
New Insights into VacA Intoxication Mediated through Its Cell Surface Receptors
Venue: Toxins

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases, produces VacA, a vacuolating cytotoxin associated with gastric inflammation and ulceration. The C terminal domain of VacA plays a crucial role in receptor recognition on target cells. We have previously identified three proteins (i.e. RPTPa, RPTPb, and LRP1) that serve as VacA receptors. These receptors contribute to the internalization of VacA into epithelial cells, activate signal transduction pathways, and contribute to cell death and gastric ulceration. In addition, other factors (e.g. CD18, sphingomyelin) have also been identified as cell surface, VacA binding proteins. Since we believe that, following interactions with its host cell receptors, VacA participates in events leading to disease, a better understanding of the cellular function of VacA receptors may provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic actions of VacA and the pathogenesis of H. pylori mediated disease. In this review, we focus on VacA receptors and their role in events leading to cell damage.
Turkiye'de Yayinlanan Turk Masal Kitaplarinin Grafik Tasarim Ogeleri Acisindan Incelenmesi: Keloglan Masallari Ornegi

Bu calismada, Keloglanin Ruyasi (2008) Keloglan ile Geyik Yavrulari (2009) Keloglan ile Buyulu Gomlek (2010) Keloglan ve Solmayan Guller Cocuk Kulubu (2011) Keloglan Hazine Ariyor (2012) Keloglan Kargalar Sahi (2013) masal kitaplarinda tipografi, illustrasyon, illustrasyon metin iliskisi, renk, ozgunluk, karakterlerin hareketleri (jest, mimik, duygu vs. kulturel ozelliklere yonelik alan uzmani akademisyen ve illustrator algilari arastirilmistir. Calismada veri toplama ve analizinde nitel arastirma yontemi kullanilmistir. Nitel arastirma icin 10 soruluk uzman gorus formu hazirlanmistir. Nitel veriler 5 akademisyen ve 5 illustrator ile yapilan yuz yuze gorusme sonucu toplanmistir. Ses kaydina alinan illustrator ve akademisyen degerlendirmeleri, daha sonra yazili hale getirilerek yorumlanmis ve dogrudan alintilarla desteklenmistir. Bulgulara gore, Turkiye'de yayinlanan Keloglan masal kitaplarinin illustrasyon, renk, yazi fontu ve puntosu, ozgunluk, karakterlerin jest, mimik ve duygu hareketleri, kulturel degerler, baski ve cilt kalitesi acisindan yeterince nitelikli olmadigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda elde edilen verilerden yola cikarak gelecekte yapilacak arastirmalara ve uygulamalara yonelik oneriler gelistirilmistir.
Post truth: Study epidemiology of fake news
Venue: Nature

The results of the 2016 US presidential election and the UK vote to leave the European Union (Brexit) have raised questions about the influence of fake online news and social media 'echo chambers' (see also P. Williamson  2016) The propagation of such information through social networks bears many similarities to the evolution and transmission of infectious diseases. Analysis of transmission dynamics could therefore provide insight into how misinformation spreads and competes online. For example, disease strains can evolve and compete in a host population, much like rumours, and infections and opinions are both shaped by social contacts. Modelling of competing disease strains indicates that, as contacts become more localized, the diversity of circulating strains can increase (see C. O' F. Buckee et al. Network structure can also suppress the invasion of new disease strains (see G. E. Leventhal et al. ; 2015) As more people turn to social networks as a primary news source, transmission models combined with appropriate data could help in exploring the dynamics of this new media landscape. Jim Davies's suggestion that we programme ethics into artificial intelligence meta systems as a safeguard could well backfire by compromising our abilities to judge ethical implications (Nature 538, 291; 2016) In an earlier version of the future, robot lawnmowers and kitchen appliances promised us more leisure time. We now face the spectre of mass human displacement from a consumption based economy by equipment that can do things much more efficiently than people can. The 'age of information' promised global connectivity, but this has wrought distraction to a point at which only lurid excesses can focus our undivided attention on the society to which we all belong. And as computer generated imagery colonizes our imaginations, many are barely swayed by real violence (the wanton destruction of Syrian cities comes to mind) There is even evidence that video gaming driven by computer generated imagery can alter a player's perception of acceleration and gravity (see, for example, 2014) compromising their decision making skills in a world where real physics is the law. Such trends don't bode well for 'ethical' computers. Of some 3,500 species of mosquito, those of the genus Anopheles are widely considered to be the most dangerous because they transmit malaria. Malaria is decreasing, however, and other mosquito borne diseases, such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever, are increasing Vulture 'restaurants' across southern Europe are serving up carcasses
Spatial models reveal the microclimatic buffering capacity of old growth forests
Venue: Science Advances

Spatial models of under canopy temperature show that old growth forests are cooler in spring months than mature forest plantations. Climate change is predicted to cause widespread declines in biodiversity, but these predictions are derived from coarse resolution climate models applied at global scales. Such models lack the capacity to incorporate microclimate variability, which is critical to biodiversity microrefugia. In forested montane regions, microclimate is thought to be influenced by combined effects of elevation, microtopography, and vegetation, but their relative effects at fine spatial scales are poorly known. We used boosted regression trees to model the spatial distribution of fine scale, under canopy air temperatures in mountainous terrain. Spatial models predicted observed independent test data well (r 0.87) As expected, elevation strongly predicted temperatures, but vegetation and microtopography also exerted critical effects. Old growth vegetation characteristics, measured using LiDAR (light detection and ranging) appeared to have an insulating effect; maximum spring monthly temperatures decreased by 2.5degC across the observed gradient in old growth structure. These cooling effects across a gradient in forest structure are of similar magnitude to 50 year forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and therefore have the potential to mitigate climate warming at local scales. Management strategies to conserve old growth characteristics and to curb current rates of primary forest loss could maintain microrefugia, enhancing biodiversity persistence in mountainous systems under climate warming.
Old Growth Forests Function Fate And Value

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Modeling multimodal biometric modalities for continuous user authentication
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

Continuous authentication offers the ability to continuously verify users' identity for accessing to the protected resource. Although current explorations such as face and fingerprint verification have seen varying rates of success, three main problems may limit their applicability in the context of information protection and access control: they can be of low availability in some practical scenarios, they can be intrusive, and they commonly require costly equipment. This paper presents a multimodal biometrics authentication system that can continuously verify the presence of a logged in user. Three passive biometric modalities are currently used keystroke (i.e. behavioral biometric) face (i.e. physiological biometric) and skin color (i.e. soft biometric) but our approach can also be readily extended to include more modalities. By fusing these three passive biometrics, the continuous authentication system combines both temporal and modality information holistically, and can keep verifying who is using the computing system, without troubling users' routine activities. Based on real data resulting from our implementation, we find the results to be very promising with a false acceptance rate of 0% and a false rejection rate of 0.72% Additional experiment on the size of observation window is provided to further examine the applicability of the proposed approach.
Paternalism, Placebos, and Informed Consent in Psychotherapy

From a legal as well as ethical point of view, healthcare professionals are nowadays obliged to obtain informed consent (IC) of patients. Consequently, paternalism is eschewed in most ethical codes of practice and IC. But what should IC mean in psychotherapy? With respect to this question, the claim that psychotherapy may be a placebo may raise grave concerns for its ethical practice. Indeed, almost since the inception of psychotherapy some scholars have claimed that psychotherapy is a sham and/or it may work as a placebo. However, we argue that in clinical biomedicine there is still much conceptual confusion about the terms 'placebo' and 'placebo effect' moreover, we contend that the term 'placebo' when applied to psychotherapy, may invite more questions than it can easily resolve. Nonetheless, we assert that the core moral debate about clinical placebos raises important themes that are transferable to a psychotherapy context: namely: Are therapists providing adequate information to patients about how psychotherapy works? In light of ongoing empirical research into psychotherapy we argue that therapists may be failing to mention key features (so called common factors) that are relevant to the process of therapeutic change. We assert that current psychotherapy practice appears to exhibit misplaced paternalism in failing to provide patients with this information. We conclude that any justification for paternalism on the grounds of beneficence is unfounded and that adequate disclosure policies are likely to enhance rather than undermine the therapeutic process.
Disclosure of incidental constituents of psychotherapy as a moral obligation for psychiatrists and psychotherapists
Venue: Journal of Medical Ethics

Informed consent to medical intervention reflects the moral principle of respect for autonomy and the patient's right to self determination. In psychotherapy, this includes a requirement to inform the patient about those components of treatment purported to cause the therapeutic effect. This information must encompass positive expectancies of change and placebo related or incidental constituent therapy effects, which are as important as specific intervention techniques for the efficacy of psychotherapy. There is a risk that informing the patient about possible incidental constituents of therapy may reduce or even completely impede these effects, with negative consequences for overall outcome. However, withholding information about incidental constituents of psychotherapy would effectively represent a paternalistic action at the expense of patient autonomy; whether such paternalism might in certain circumstances be justified forms part of the present discussion.
Safety and effective developing nuclear power to realize green and low carbon development

This paper analyzes the role of nuclear power of China's energy structure and industry system. Comparing with other renewable energy the nuclear power chain has very low greenhouse gas emission, so it will play more important role in China's low carbon economy. The paper also discussed the necessity of nuclear power development to achieve emission reduction, energy structure adjustment, nuclear power safety, environmental protection, enhancement of nuclear power technology, nuclear waste treatment, and disposal, as well as nuclear power plant decommissioning. Based on the safety record and situation of the existing power plants in China, the current status of the development of world nuclear power technology, and the features of the independently designed advanced power plants in China, this paper aims to demonstrate the safety of nuclear power. A nuclear power plant will not cause harm either to the environment and nor to the public according to the real data of radioactivity release, which are obtained from an operational nuclear plant. The development of nuclear power technology can enhance the safety of nuclear power. Further, this paper discusses issues related to the nuclear fuel cycle, the treatment, and disposal strategies of nuclear waste, and the decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, all of which are issues of public concern.
Management accounting goes digital: Will the move make it wiser?

This essay places current fascinations with the digital revolution into the historical and cultural contexts that have intertwined with the evolution of management accounting as a practice involved in the production of knowledge for decision making. In outlining similarities and differences in the production of management accounting information from aural to digital cultures, it argues that while the effects of the digital revolution on management accounting and decision making are still unclear, these effects surely (and hopefully) will not deliver the dream of perfect information and rational decision making as one may be lead to believe by the growth of data driven organizations and societies. Becoming aware of this impossibility is the first step for bringing wisdom back into decision making processes and making management accounting gaining central stage again in the organizational arena.
Management accounting goes digital

This essay places current fascinations with the digital revolution into the historical and cultural contexts that have intertwined with the evolution of management accounting as a practice involved in the production of knowledge for decision making. In outlining similarities and differences in the production of management accounting information from aural to digital cultures, it argues that while the effects of the digital revolution on management accounting and decision making are still unclear, these effects surely (and hopefully) will not deliver the dream of perfect information and rational decision making as one may be lead to believe by the growth of data driven organizations and societies. Becoming aware of this impossibility is the first step for bringing wisdom back into decision making processes and making management accounting gaining central stage again in the organizational arena. Acknowledgements: I wish to thank the founding editors of Management Accounting Research, Bob Scapens and Michael Bromwich, for their kind invitation to join a panel to reflect on the future of management accounting at the 25 Anniversary Conference of the Journal, celebrated at the London School of Economics and Political Science on 17 April 2015. I also thank Wim Van der Stede, who chaired the panel, for inviting me to develop my thoughts further for this article, and even more so for his patience in waiting for this manuscript to be delivered. I also wish to thank Bob Scapens, again, and especially, as some of the thinking he has stimulated in all of these years of fruitful collaboration is contained in these pages. The usual disclaimers apply.
Measuring problem solving skills via stealth assessment in an engaging video game
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

We used stealth assessment, embedded in a game called Use Your Brainz (a slightly modified version of Plants vs. Zombies 2) to measure middle school students' problem solving skills. We began by developing a problem solving competency model based on a review of the relevant literature. We then identified in game indicators that would provide evidence about students' levels on various problem solving facets. Our problem solving model was then implemented in the game via Bayesian networks. To validate the stealth assessment, we collected data from students who played the game based assessment for three hours and completed two external problem solving measures (i.e. Raven's Progressive Matrices and MicroDYN) Results indicated that the problem solving estimates derived from the game significantly correlated with the external measures, which suggests that our stealth assessment is valid. Our next steps include running a larger validation study and developing tools to help educators interpret the results of the assessment, which will subsequently support the development of problem solving skills. We embedded our problem solving competency model in an engaging game.We measured problem solving skills of students via stealth assessment.Two external measures were used for validation: Raven's matrices and MicroDYN.Significant correlations were found between stealth and external measures.