nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Legacy language atlas data mining: mapping Kru languages
Venue: LREC

An online tool based on dialectometric methods, DistGraph, is applied to a group of Kru languages of Cote d'Ivoire, Liberia and Burkina Faso. The inputs to this resource consist of tables of languages x linguistic features (e.g. phonological, lexical or grammatical) and statistical and graphical outputs are generated which show similarities and differences between the languages in terms of the features as virtual distances. In the present contribution, attention is focussed on the consonant systems of the languages, a traditional starting point for language comparison. The data are harvested from a legacy language data resource based on fieldwork in the 1970s and 1980s, a language atlas of the Kru languages. The method on which the online tool is based extends beyond documentation of individual languages to the documentation of language groups, and supports difference based prioritisation in education programmes, decisions on language policy and documentation and conservation funding, as well as research on language typology and heritage documentation of history and migration.
Recent Advances in Shape Memory Soft Materials for Biomedical Applications.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart and adaptive materials able to recover their shape through an external stimulus. This functionality, combined with the good biocompatibility of polymers, has garnered much interest for biomedical applications. In this review, we discuss the design considerations critical to the successful integration of SMPs for use in vivo. We also highlight recent work on three classes of SMPs: shape memory polymers and blends, shape memory polymer composites, and shape memory hydrogels. These developments open the possibility of incorporating SMPs into device design, which can lead to vast technological improvements in the biomedical field.
Cognitive Theory of Markedness and Native Language Transfer

In the process of second language acquisition (SLA) such phenomena as some linguistic knowledge in the target language is much easier to acquire than others in SLA and some linguistic knowledge in native language is apt to be transferred are prevailing. To account for these phenomena, markedness theory is introduced and attempts to provide a plausible explanation. In particular, cognitive theory of markedness, or rather, prototypicality has proven to be effective and powerful in predicting the transferability of native language. This paper tries to offer a brief introduction of markedness theory and its recent development, prototypicality and conduct a review on related achievements gained in the studies of native language transfer in SLA. At the same time, shortcomings of current researches as well as prospect of future researches in this field will be pointed out.
Multi view Learning as a Nonparametric Nonlinear Inter Battery Factor Analysis
Venue: ArXiv

Factor analysis aims to determine latent factors, or traits, which summarize a given data set. Inter battery factor analysis extends this notion to multiple views of the data. In this paper we show how a nonlinear, nonparametric version of these models can be recovered through the Gaussian process latent variable model. This gives us a flexible formalism for multi view learning where the latent variables can be used both for exploratory purposes and for learning representations that enable efficient inference for ambiguous estimation tasks. Learning is performed in a Bayesian manner through the formulation of a variational compression scheme which gives a rigorous lower bound on the log likelihood. Our Bayesian framework provides strong regularization during training, allowing the structure of the latent space to be determined efficiently and automatically. We demonstrate this by producing the first (to our knowledge) published results of learning from dozens of views, even when data is scarce. We further show experimental results on several different types of multi view data sets and for different kinds of tasks, including exploratory data analysis, generation, ambiguity modelling through latent priors and classification.
Complementarity of Fundamental and Technical Analysis of JSE Listed Stocks: An Empirical Appraisal

Extant studies on fundamental and technical analysis frequently focus on analysing each of the valuation techniques independently. This study constructs a hybrid of the two to determine whether this model can have a superior explanatory power to models based on each of the valuation techniques in isolation. The results confirm the complementarity of fundamental and technical analysis with the hybrid model delivering superior performance. Further, fundamental variables that play a significant role in explaining stock price movements of JSE listed stocks are noted to be the book value, cash flow, earnings and dividends per share.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE FUNDAMENTAL AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF STOCKS

In the world of investing and trading, in order to have a definite advantage and constantly create profit, you need to have a strategic approach. Generally speaking, the two main schools of thought and strategies in financial markets are fundamental and technical analysis. Fundamental and technical analysis differ in several aspects, such as the way of functioning and execution, the time horizon used, the tools used and their objective. These differences lead to certain advantages and disadvantages of each of the analyses. Fundamental and technical analysis are also a subject of critical reviews by the academic and scientific community and many of these reviews concern the methods of their application, i.e. the possibility of combining the two analyses and using them complementarily to fully utilize their strengths and advantages.
Enhanced Performance of PbS quantum dot sensitized Solar Cells via Optimizing Precursor Solution and Electrolytes
Venue: Scientific reports

This work reports a PbS quantum dot sensitized solar cell (QDSC) with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4% PbS quantum dots (QDs) were grown on mesoporous TiO2 film using a successive ion layer absorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The growth of QDs was found to be profoundly affected by the concentration of the precursor solution. At low concentrations, the rate limiting factor of the crystal growth was the adsorption of the precursor ions, and the surface growth of the crystal became the limiting factor in the high concentration solution. The optimal concentration of precursor solution with respect to the quantity and size of synthesized QDs was 0.06 M. To further increase the performance of QDSCs, the 30% deionized water of polysulfide electrolyte was replaced with methanol to improve the wettability and permeability of electrolytes in the TiO2 film, which accelerated the redox couple diffusion in the electrolyte solution and improved charge transfer at the interfaces between photoanodes and electrolytes. The stability of PbS QDs in the electrolyte was also improved by methanol to reduce the charge recombination and prolong the electron lifetime. As a result, the PCE of QDSC was increased to 4.01%
Heat waves and urban heat islands in Europe: A review of relevant drivers.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

The climate change and the proceeding urbanization create future health challenges. Consequently, more people around the globe will be impaired by extreme weather events, such as heat waves. This study investigates the causes for the emergence of surface urban heat islands and its change during heat waves in 70 European cities. A newly created climate class indicator, a set of meaningful landscape metrics, and two population related parameters were applied to describe the Surface Urban Heat Island Magnitude (SUHIM) the mean temperature increase within the urban heat island compared to its surrounding, as well as the Heat Magnitude (HM) the extra heat load added to the average summer SUHIM during heat waves. We evaluated the relevance of varying urban parameters within linear models. The exemplary European wide heat wave in July 2006 was chosen and compared to the average summer conditions using MODIS land surface temperature with an improved spatial resolution of 250m. The results revealed that the initial size of the urban heat island had significant influence on SUHIM. For the explanation of HM the size of the heat island, the regional climate and the share of central urban green spaces showed to be critical. Interestingly, cities of cooler climates and cities with higher shares of urban green spaces were more affected by additional heat during heat waves. Accordingly, cooler northern European cities seem to be more vulnerable to heat waves, whereas southern European cities appear to be better adapted. Within the ascertained population and climate clusters more detailed explanations were found. Our findings improve the understanding of the urban heat island effect across European cities and its behavior under heat waves. Also, they provide some indications for urban planners on case specific adaptation strategies to adverse urban heat caused by heat waves.
Robust Image and Video Dehazing with Visual Artifact Suppression via Gradient Residual Minimization
Venue: ECCV

Most existing image dehazing methods tend to boost local image contrast for regions with heavy haze. Without special treatment, these methods may significantly amplify existing image artifacts such as noise, color aliasing and blocking, which are mostly invisible in the input images but are visually intruding in the results. This is especially the case for low quality cellphone shots or compressed video frames. The recent work of Li et al. (2014) addresses blocking artifacts for dehazing, but is insufficient to handle other artifacts. In this paper, we propose a new method for reliable suppression of different types of visual artifacts in image and video dehazing. Our method makes contributions in both the haze estimation step and the image recovery step. Firstly, an image guided, depth edge aware smoothing algorithm is proposed to refine the initial atmosphere transmission map generated by local priors. In the image recovery process, we propose Gradient Residual Minimization (GRM) for jointly recovering the haze free image while explicitly minimizing possible visual artifacts in it. Our evaluation suggests that the proposed method can generate results with much less visual artifacts than previous approaches for lower quality inputs such as compressed video clips.
Adaptations for social cognition in the primate brain
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Studies of the factors affecting reproductive success in group living monkeys have traditionally focused on competitive traits, like the acquisition of high dominance rank. Recent research, however, indicates that the ability to form cooperative social bonds has an equally strong effect on fitness. Two implications follow. First, strong social bonds make individuals' fitness interdependent and the 'free rider' problem disappears. Second, individuals must make adaptive choices that balance competition and cooperation often with the same partners. The proximate mechanisms underlying these behaviours are only just beginning to be understood. Recent results from cognitive and systems neuroscience provide us some evidence that many social and non social decisions are mediated ultimately by abstract, domain general neural mechanisms. However, other populations of neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, amygdala and parietal cortex specifically encode the type, importance and value of social information. Whether these specialized populations of neurons arise by selection or through developmental plasticity in response to the challenges of social life remains unknown. Many brain areas are homologous and show similar patterns of activity in human and non human primates. In both groups, cortical activity is modulated by hormones like oxytocin and by the action of certain genes that may affect individual differences in behaviour. Taken together, results suggest that differences in cooperation between the two groups are a matter of degree rather than constituting a fundamental, qualitative distinction.
Researching Complex Interventions in Health: The State of the Art
Venue: BMC Health Services Research

Table of contentsKEYNOTE PRESENTATIONSK1 Researching complex interventions: the need for robust approachesPeter CraigK2 Complex intervention studies: an important step in developing knowledge for practiceIngalill Rahm HallbergK3 Public and patient involvement in research: what, why and how?Nicky BrittenK4 Mixed methods in health service research where do we go from here?Gunilla BorglinSPEAKER PRESENTATIONSS1 Exploring complexity in systematic reviews of complex interventionsGabriele Meyer, Sascha Kopke, Jane Noyes, Jackie ChandlerS2 Can complex health interventions be optimised before moving to a definitive RCT? Strategies and methods currently in useSara LevatiS3 A systematic approach to develop theory based implementation interventionsAnne SalesS4 Pilot studies and feasibility studies for complex interventions: an introductionLehana Thabane, Lora GiangregorioS5 What can be done to pilot complex interventions?Nancy Feeley, Sylvie CossetteS6 Using feasibility and pilot trials to test alternative methodologies and methodological procedures prior to full scale trialsRod TaylorS7 A mixed methods feasibility study in practiceJacqueline Hill, David A Richards, Willem KuykenS8 Non standard experimental designs and preference designsLouise von EssenS9 Evaluation gone wild: using natural experimental approaches to evaluate complex interventionsAndrew WilliamsS10 The stepped wedge cluster randomised trial: an opportunity to increase the quality of evaluations of service delivery and public policy interventionsKarla Hemming, Richard Lilford, Alan Girling, Monica TaljaardS11 Adaptive designs in confirmatory clinical trials: opportunities in investigating complex interventionsMunyaradzi DimairoS12 Processes, contexts and outcomes in complex interventions, and the implications for evaluationMark PetticrewS13 Processes, contexts and outcomes in complex interventions, and the implications for evaluationJanis Baird, Graham MooreS14 Qualitative evaluation alongside RCTs: what to consider to get relevant and valuable resultsWillem Odendaal, Salla Atkins, Elizabeth Lutge, Natalie Leon, Simon LewinS15 Using economic evaluations to understand the value of complex interventions: when maximising health status is not sufficientKatherine PayneS16 How to arrive at an implementation planTheo van AchterbergS17 Modelling process and outcomes in complex interventionsWalter SermeusS18 Systems modelling for improving health careMartin Pitt, Thomas Monks
The foundation of a color chip evaluation system of jadeite jade green with color difference control of medical device
Venue: Multimedia Tools and Applications

Based on the uniform color space International Commission on Illumination (CIE) 1976 L*a*b* the color green of 728 pieces of jadeite jade was quantitatively characterized by the spectrophotometer Color i5. The color chip system of jadeite jade green with color difference control was then researched. First, with the help of the basic color difference formula, the concentrated plot areas of L*(35, 55) a* 30, 45) and b*(0, 35) of jadeite jade color green were taken as the color center, which was in accordance with the CIE standard green (L* 56, a* 32, b* 0) and high chroma green (L* 56, a* 45, b* 0) Second, the total plot areas of h0(125.21deg, 171.10deg) and L*(5, 95) of jadeite jade color green were considered as color gamut, which was in accordance with the scope from CIE standard yellowish green to bluish green. In consideration of the color green plot areas of jadeite jade and China National Standard GB/T 23885 2009 "Jadeite Jade Grading" DL* 5, Da* 10, and Db* 10 were calculated to form a color chip system of jadeite jade color green with DE* 15 from one chip to another, and 521 chips were then achieved. Color chips were reduced or added for sparse or intense plot points. As a result, the color chip system was condensed into 126 chips based on lightness and then merged into 19 areas with DL* 5. With cluster analysis, 126 chips were graded into nine levels. The commercial evaluation of jadeite jade color green showed that these levels were sequenced from the top quality fancy vivid green to the last faint green. One way ANOVA verified the reasonability of the nine levels. Fisher discriminant analysis demonstrated that very high accuracy of 99.21 was achieved, and only one group from 126 groups was misjudged. Thus, based on the statistical analysis of color parameters in the uniform color space, the color chip evaluation system of jadeite jade green with color difference control could be used with high accuracy.
The Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum L. and its Genome

Ocimum sanctum L. (O. tenuiflorum) is popular in India as "Holy basil" It is not only designated as sacred basil but is also used as an important ingredient in Indian and some international traditional medicinal systems. There are many theories about the origin of "Tulsi" in ancient Hindi scripts. This herb is a repository of medicinal compounds and thus is also used in treatment of various diseases and disorders, but the validation of phytomolecules with differential therapeutic activities is still a challenge. Approximately, 80% of the patents on Ocimum sp. are on the chemical extracts or the utility of plant parts with main focus on essential oil components. Thus, an effort towards recognition of full metabolic potential of this sacred herb, sequencing of the whole nuclear and chloroplast genomes was performed. The data generated was obtained by combining the sequence reads from 4 libraries of three NGS platforms. This data resulted in a saturated genome draft assembly of about 386 Mb. Pathway analysis from the data indicated the dominance of phenylpropanoids in O. sanctum. Comparison of the available genes and the chemical compounds in O. sanctum and its nearest neighbor Salvia miltiorrhiza, revealed the prospects of discovering new active molecules. This information generated will help in providing new insights relating to the medicinal nature of the metabolites synthesized in the plant.
Warm spring reduced carbon cycle impact of the 2012 US summer drought
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems mitigates the impact of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions on atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but the strength of this carbon sink is highly sensitive to large scale extreme climate events. In 2012, the United States experienced the most severe drought since the Dust Bowl period, along with the warmest spring on record. Here, we quantify the impact of this climate anomaly on the carbon cycle. Our results show that warming induced earlier vegetation activity increased spring carbon uptake, and thus compensated for reduced carbon uptake during the summer drought in 2012. This compensation, however, came at the cost of soil moisture depletion from increased spring evapotranspiration that likely enhanced summer heating through land atmosphere coupling. The global terrestrial carbon sink offsets one third of the world's fossil fuel emissions, but the strength of this sink is highly sensitive to large scale extreme events. In 2012, the contiguous United States experienced exceptionally warm temperatures and the most severe drought since the Dust Bowl era of the 1930s, resulting in substantial economic damage. It is crucial to understand the dynamics of such events because warmer temperatures and a higher prevalence of drought are projected in a changing climate. Here, we combine an extensive network of direct ecosystem flux measurements with satellite remote sensing and atmospheric inverse modeling to quantify the impact of the warmer spring and summer drought on biosphere atmosphere carbon and water exchange in 2012. We consistently find that earlier vegetation activity increased spring carbon uptake and compensated for the reduced uptake during the summer drought, which mitigated the impact on net annual carbon uptake. The early phenological development in the Eastern Temperate Forests played a major role for the continental scale carbon balance in 2012. The warm spring also depleted soil water resources earlier, and thus exacerbated water limitations during summer. Our results show that the detrimental effects of severe summer drought on ecosystem carbon storage can be mitigated by warming induced increases in spring carbon uptake. However, the results also suggest that the positive carbon cycle effect of warm spring enhances water limitations and can increase summer heating through biosphere atmosphere feedbacks.
Deep Visual Semantic Hashing for Cross Modal Retrieval
Venue: KDD

Due to the storage and retrieval efficiency, hashing has been widely applied to approximate nearest neighbor search for large scale multimedia retrieval. Cross modal hashing, which enables efficient retrieval of images in response to text queries or vice versa, has received increasing attention recently. Most existing work on cross modal hashing does not capture the spatial dependency of images and temporal dynamics of text sentences for learning powerful feature representations and cross modal embeddings that mitigate the heterogeneity of different modalities. This paper presents a new Deep Visual Semantic Hashing (DVSH) model that generates compact hash codes of images and sentences in an end to end deep learning architecture, which capture the intrinsic cross modal correspondences between visual data and natural language. DVSH is a hybrid deep architecture that constitutes a visual semantic fusion network for learning joint embedding space of images and text sentences, and two modality specific hashing networks for learning hash functions to generate compact binary codes. Our architecture effectively unifies joint multimodal embedding and cross modal hashing, which is based on a novel combination of Convolutional Neural Networks over images, Recurrent Neural Networks over sentences, and a structured max margin objective that integrates all things together to enable learning of similarity preserving and high quality hash codes. Extensive empirical evidence shows that our DVSH approach yields state of the art results in cross modal retrieval experiments on image sentences datasets, i.e. standard IAPR TC 12 and large scale Microsoft COCO.
Ultranarrow Optical Inhomogeneous Linewidth in a Stoichiometric Rare Earth Crystal.
Venue: Physical review letters

We obtain a low optical inhomogeneous linewidth of 25 MHz in the stoichiometric rare earth crystal EuCl_{3}*6H_{2}O by isotopically purifying the crystal in {35}Cl. With this linewidth, an important limit for stoichiometric rare earth crystals is surpassed: the hyperfine structure of {153}Eu is spectrally resolved, allowing the whole population of {153}Eu^{3+ ions to be prepared in the same hyperfine state using hole burning techniques. This material also has a very high optical density, and can have long coherence times when deuterated. This combination of properties offers new prospects for quantum information applications. We consider two of these: quantum memories and quantum many body studies. We detail the improvements in the performance of current memory protocols possible in these high optical depth crystals, and describe how certain memory protocols, such as off resonant Raman memories, can be implemented for the first time in a solid state system. We explain how the strong excitation induced interactions observed in this material resemble those seen in Rydberg systems, and describe how these interactions can lead to quantum many body states that could be observed using standard optical spectroscopy techniques.