nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic spatial working memory deficit associated with the superior longitudinal fasciculus: a study using voxel based lesion symptom mapping and intraoperative direct stimulation in right prefrontal glioma surgery.
Venue: Journal of neurosurgery

Although the right prefrontal region is regarded as a silent area, chronic deficits of the executive function, including working memory (WM) could occur after resection of a right prefrontal glioma. This may be overlooked by postoperative standard examinations, and the disabilities could affect the patient's professional life. The right prefrontal region is a part of the frontoparietal network and is subserved by the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) however, the role of the SLF in spatial WM is unclear. This study investigated a persistent spatial WM deficit in patients who underwent right prefrontal glioma resection, and evaluated the relationship between the spatial WM deficit and the SLF.  Spatial WM was examined in 24 patients who underwent prefrontal glioma resection (right, n 14; left, n 10) and in 14 healthy volunteers using a spatial 2 back task during the long term postoperative period. The neural correlates of spatial WM were evaluated using lesion mapping and voxel based lesion symptom mapping. In addition, the spatial 2 back task was performed during surgery under direct subcortical electrical stimulation in 2 patients with right prefrontal gliomas.  Patients with a right prefrontal lesion had a significant chronic spatial WM deficit. Voxel based lesion symptom mapping analysis revealed a significant correlation between spatial WM deficit and the region that overlapped the first and second segments of the SLF (SLF I and SLF II) Two patients underwent awake surgery and had difficulties providing the correct responses in the spatial 2 back task with direct subcortical electrical stimulation on the SLF I, which was preserved and confirmed by postoperative diffusion tensor imaging tractography. These patients exhibited no spatial WM deficits during the postoperative immediate and long term periods.  WM deficits may persist in patients who undergo resection of the tumor located in the right prefrontal brain parenchyma. Injury to the dorsal frontoparietal subcortical white matter pathway, i.e. the SLF I or SLF I and II, could play a causal role in this chronic deficit. A persistent spatial WM deficit, without motor and language deficits, could affect the professional life of the patient. In such cases, awake surgery would be useful to detect the spatial WM network with appropriate task during tumor exploration.
Glioblastoma in hemihydranencephaly: preoperative and postoperative language ability of the right hemisphere
Venue: Acta Neurochirurgica

We present the first case report describing a craniotomy for a glioblastoma in a patient with hemihydranencephaly (HHE) Ten years ago our patient had average cognitive and language functions, indicating very good adaption of his single right hemisphere. Due to the tumour he developed a deceleration, deficits in language functions and mild impairments of basic cognitive functions. Further neuroplastic reorganisations of his right hemisphere in response to the tumour growth are discussed. The favourable postoperative outcome supported the decision for careful tumour resection in this patient with HHE.
Toward hip hop pedagogies for music education

Music education scholarship in the areas of popular, vernacular, and participatory musicianship has grown in the past decades; however, music education research concerned specifically with hip hop has been relatively scarce. Because hip hop music can differ tremendously from the traditional western genres with which many music educators are most familiar, a great need for research in this area exists. In this article, I summarize general education scholarship related to hip hop and offer implications toward hip hop pedagogies for music education. I employ Hill's (2009) classifications of hip hop pedagogy (Pedagogies with hip hop, Pedagogies about hip hop, and Pedagogies of hip hop) as a structure to better understand previous literature and to provide a descriptive framework for potential applications of hip hop pedagogies to music education settings. I describe Hill's categories using the labels of Hip hop as a bridge, Hip hop as a lens, and Hip hop as practice.
Exploring the global decline of music education

This article seeks to explain the disjuncture between the decline of music education in schools and the importance music has in popular youth culture and in creativity within the new knowledge economy. The data discussed in this article have been derived from analyses of major documents on curriculum reform as well as e mail responses from music educators around the world. This analysis reveals that these music educators agree with the perception of a demise in music education around the world, as well as the significance of the disjuncture alluded to. The four major reasons found for the decline in music education are: (1) the model of curriculum supported in educational reforms; (2) an emphasis on standardized evaluation; (3) less resources available; and (4) a wrong approach on music advocacy.
Peer learning in specialist higher music education

Research on peer learning in higher education indicates that learning from and together with peers can benefit students in a number of ways. Within higher music education in Western, classical music, however, the master apprentice tradition with its dominant one to one mode of tuition focuses predominantly on knowledge transmission from teacher to student. The role students can play in one another's learning processes is often less articulated. In this essay peer learning is discussed based on experiences from projects carried out at the Centre of Excellence in Music Performance Education, which explore peer learning as part of the students' principal instrument study. Peer learning in music academies is not restricted to students, however. Teachers can also benefit from engaging in collaborative learning with their fellow teachers. Drawing on experiences from a series of international seminars for teachers in higher music education, the potential and challenges of peer learning among conservatoire teachers are also discussed.
The effects of music composition as a classroom activity on engagement in music education and academic and music achievement: A quasi experimental study

The present study aims to contribute to the understanding of the effects of music education, in particular music composition as a classroom activity for fifth and sixth graders. The intervention (experimental condition) focused on a three step model for music composition, based on the Cultural Historical Activity Theory of education, and has been compared with a teacher centered approach mainly based on students' reproduction of music (control condition) Results indicated that after the six month intervention period, students in the experimental group were more engaged in music education compared to students in the control group. The research did not show a statistical difference in learning outcomes with regard to intelligence, academic achievement and music achievement, although the students of the experimental group performed better with regard to reading comprehension than their counterparts in the control group. The authors conclude that music composition as a classroom activity is feasible and useful in elementary schools.
Notes on the Nation: A Conversation with Sara Ahmed's Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post Coloniality, The Cultural Politics of Emotion and Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others

abstract In this special issue of Agenda which calls for an engagement on the question of xenophobia, national belonging and the techniques of difference within the context of South Africa, I position and locate these discourses with and through a reading of the works of Sara Ahmed. Sara Ahmed is a renowned scholar working in the intersections of feminist theory, queer theory, critical race theory and postcolonial theory. Ahmed has authored several books that include Differences that Matter: Feminist Theory and Postmodernism (1998)  Embodied Others in Post Coloniality (2000) The Cultural Politics of Emotion (2004)  Orientations, Objects, Others (2006) The Promise of Happiness (2010) On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life (2012) and Willful Subjects (2014) These works straddle several concerns that lie beside and with many of the questions that this special issue aims to grapple with. In this review essay I specifically read Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post Coloniality, The Cultural Politics of Emotion and Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. This review offers an interaction between myself and the work of Sara Ahmed through the various figurations of the stranger, foreigner, other and queer.
Double Dielectric Slab Loaded Air Filled SIW Phase Shifters for High Performance Millimeter Wave Integration
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Phase shifters based on double dielectric slab loaded air filled substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) are proposed for high performance applications at millimeter wave frequencies. The three layered air filled SIW, made of a low cost multilayer printed circuit board process, allows for substantial loss reduction and power handling capability enhancement compared with the conventional dielectric filled counterpart. It is of particular interest for millimeter wave applications that generally require low loss transmission and high density power handling. Its top and bottom layers may make use of a low cost standard substrate, such as FR 4, on which baseband analog or digital circuits can be implemented so to obtain very compact, low cost, and self packaged millimeter wave integrated systems compared with the systems based on rectangular waveguide while achieving higher performance than the systems based on the conventional SIW. In this paper, it is demonstrated that transmission loss can be further improved at millimeter wave frequencies with an additional polishing of the top and bottom conductor surfaces. Over Ka band, an improvement of average 1.56 dB/m is experimentally demonstrated. Using the air filled SIW fabrication process, dielectric slabs can be implemented along conductive via rows without any additional process. Based on the propagation properties of the obtained double dielectric slab loaded air filled SIW, phase shifters are proposed. To obtain a broadband response, an equal length compensated phase shifter made of two air filled SIW structures, offering a reverse varying propagation constant difference against frequency, is proposed and demonstrated at Ka band. Finally, a single dielectric slab phase shifter is investigated for comparison and its bandwidth limitation is highlighted.
Unsupervised Clickstream Clustering for User Behavior Analysis
Venue: CHI

Online services are increasingly dependent on user participation. Whether it's online social networks or crowdsourcing services, understanding user behavior is important yet challenging. In this paper, we build an unsupervised system to capture dominating user behaviors from clickstream data (traces of users' click events) and visualize the detected behaviors in an intuitive manner. Our system identifies "clusters" of similar users by partitioning a similarity graph (nodes are users; edges are weighted by clickstream similarity) The partitioning process leverages iterative feature pruning to capture the natural hierarchy within user clusters and produce intuitive features for visualizing and understanding captured user behaviors. For evaluation, we present case studies on two large scale clickstream traces (142 million events) from real social networks. Our system effectively identifies previously unknown behaviors, e.g. dormant users, hostile chatters. Also, our user study shows people can easily interpret identified behaviors using our visualization tool.
The stratigraphic expression of decreasing confinement along a deep water sediment routing system: Outcrop example from southern Chile

The products of sediment laden turbidity currents that traverse areas of decreasing confinement on submarine slopes include erosional and depositional features that record the inception and propagation of deep sea channels. The cumulative stratigraphic expression and deposits of such transitions, however, are poorly constrained relative to depositional settings dominated by end member confined (i.e. submarine channel fill) and unconfined (i.e. lobe) deposits. Upper Cretaceous strata of the Magallanes foreland basin in southern Chile are characterized by a variety of stratigraphic architectural elements in close juxtaposition both laterally and vertically, including: (1) low aspect ratio channelform bodies attributed to slope channel fills; (2) high aspect ratio channelform bodies interpreted as the deposits of weakly confined submarine channels; (3) lenticular sedimentary bodies considered to represent the infill of laterally coalesced scours; (4) discontinuous channelform bodies representing isolated scour fills; and (5) a cross stratified, positive relief sedimentary body, which is interpreted to record an upslope migrating depositional bedform. These elements are interpreted to have formed at a submarine sediment routing system segment characterized by a break in slope, and an accompanying decrease in confinement. The various architectural elements examined are interpreted to record a unique stratigraphic perspective of turbidite channels at various stages of development, from early stage discontinuous and isolated scour fills to low aspect ratio channel units.
Integrating outcrop and subsurface data to assess the temporal evolution of a submarine channel levee system

The morphological evolution of submarine channel systems can be documented using high resolution three dimensional seismic data sets. However, these studies provide limited information on the distribution of sedimentary facies within channel fills, channel scale stacking patterns, or the detailed stratigraphic relationship with adjacent levee overbank deposits. Seismic scale outcrops of unit C2 in the Permian Fort Brown Formation, Karoo Basin, South Africa, on two subparallel fold limbs comprise thin bedded successions, interpreted as external levee deposits, which are adjacent to channel complexes, with constituent channels filled with thick bedded structureless sandstones, thinner bedded channel margin facies, and internal levee deposits. Research boreholes intersect all these deposits, to link sedimentary facies and channel stacking patterns identified in core and on image logs and detailed outcrop correlation panels. Key characteristics, including depth of erosion, stacking patterns, and cross cutting relationships, have been constrained, allowing paleogeographic reconstruction of six channel complexes in a 36 km2 (14 mi2) area. The system evolved from an early, deeply incised channel complex, through a series of external levee confined and laterally stepping channel complexes culminating in an aggradational channel complex confined by both internal and external levees. Down dip divergence of six channel complexes from the same location suggests the presence of a unique example of an exhumed deep water avulsion node. Down dip, external levees are supplied by flows that escaped from channel complexes of different ages and spatial positions and are partly confined and share affinities with internal levee successions. The absence of frontal lobes suggests that the channels remained in sand bypass mode immediately after avulsion.
Algorithms, Governance, and Governmentality

Algorithms, or rather algorithmic actions, are seen as problematic because they are inscrutable, automatic, and subsumed in the flow of daily practices. Yet, they are also seen to be playing an important role in organizing opportunities, enacting certain categories, and doing what David Lyon calls "social sorting." Thus, there is a general concern that this increasingly prevalent mode of ordering and organizing should be governed more explicitly. Some have argued for more transparency and openness, others have argued for more democratic or value centered design of such actors. In this article, we argue that governing practices of, and through algorithmic actors are best understood in terms of what Foucault calls governmentality. Governmentality allows us to consider the performative nature of these governing practices. They allow us to show how practice becomes problematized, how calculative practices are enacted as technologies of governance, how such calculative practices produce domains of knowledge and expertise, and finally, how such domains of knowledge become internalized in order to enact self governing subjects. In other words, it allows us to show the mutually constitutive nature of problems, domains of knowledge, and subjectivities enacted through governing practices. In order to demonstrate this, we present attempts to govern academic writing with a specific focus on the algorithmic action of Turnitin.
Governmentality and the conduct of water: China's South North Water Transfer Project

Governmentality is a way of thinking about dispersed practices of governing, including attempts to render space governable. China's South North Water Transfer (SNWT) project, the world's largest interbasin water transfer project, is a programme of government that attempts to render the distribution of water across space more governable and administrable. This article analyses English and Chinese academic, media and government documents through a governmentality lens. It aims to examine the SNWT project's machinery, mentality and spatiality, including its narrative, its constitution of objects and subjects in space, its multiple techniques of government, and its physical and administrative assemblages. In decentring the problem of the state in relation to the SNWT project we can learn much about both the politics of water and the nature of Chinese governmentalities. This article shows how the SNWT naturalises water scarcity, normalises the pre eminence of North China, sustains engineering over regulatory solutions and reconfigures hydrosocial relations, while also outlining the limits to and endemic conflicts within this vast programme of government.
A framework for governance of projects: Governmentality, governance structure and projectification

This paper develops a general purpose framework for the governance of projects. The framework is structured by the concepts of governmentality and governance of projects, in the context of different levels of projectification in organizations. It visualizes the organization specific profiles for these concepts. The dimensions and scales underlying the three concepts derived mainly from the literature on governance, general management, and project management. Eight case studies in four industries in Scandinavia and China validated the dimensions and scales and identified a new dimension for the concept of governmentality. This dimension, called precept, addresses the predominant theme in governmentality as being either organizational values, process compliance, or project well being. Theoretical implications are in the integration of so far separate concepts plus a new governmentality dimension into one overall framework and visualization of it. Practical implications are in the identification of organization specific profiles, which can be used to develop generic profiles for industries, geographies, or otherwise different governance regimes.
The Sight of Migration: Governmentality, Visibility and Europe's Contested Borders*

Foucault's shift from an analytical focus on discipline to governmentality saw the theme of visibility move into the background of his attention. In this article we ask how the debates about governmentality and visibility can be brought into a mutually productive relationship. Building on recent arguments for greater rigour in conceptualising visibility, we proceed to examine what visibility means and does in the context of migration control in Europe. Focusing on the EU's recently deployed programme of border surveillance, EUROSUR, we elaborate how multiple forms of visibility are at play. We conclude that the politics of visibility is an important theme for future studies in the governance of migration.
Drifts and volatilities under measurement error: Assessing monetary policy shocks over the last century

How much have the dynamics of U.S. time series changed over the last century? Has the evolution of the Federal Reserve as an institution over the 100 years altered the transmission of monetary policy shocks? To tackle these questions, we build a multivariate time series model with time varying parameters and stochastic volatility that features measurement errors in observables. We find substantial changes in the structure of the economy. There is also large variation in the impact of monetary policy shocks, but the majority of this variation is driven by changes in exogenous volatility.
Daily Poverty Related Stress and Coping: Associations with Child Learned Helplessness

This study examined daily poverty related stress and parents' efforts to help children cope with stress in relation to learned helplessness for young children attending a Head Start preschool. A total of 750 telephone interviews were conducted with 75 parents concerning their daily stressors and strategies they used to help children cope. A behavioral protocol measured child learned helplessness. Multilevel modeling showed a positive within persons relationship between daily stress and coping, and a positive between persons relationship between daily stress and child learned helplessness. Implications include understanding the daily processes through which the poverty ecology transmits risk for negative child developmental outcomes and through which parents might offer protection. Specifically, the results suggest that daily poverty related stressors may undermine young children's developing sense of control and suggest the importance of further research on how parent coping might promote positive outcomes.
The Process of Self Discovery: Learned Helplessness, Self Efficacy, and Endogenous Overoptimism

I study the origin of people's beliefs about their own abilities, emphasizing the feedback loop between beliefs, effort, and outcomes. Consistent with the modern understanding of depression, I show that agents who are either more pessimistic about their own talent or less sure of their own talent are more prone to low effort traps. I also show that a principal (such as a parent or manager) does not want an agent (such as a child or employee) to hold beliefs about his own talent that match the principal's beliefs; instead, the principal would like to make the agent overoptimistic and overly uncertain. These results are consistent with empirical findings from the psychology literature about the origin and evolution of children's beliefs, about the importance of self efficacy beliefs for performance, and about the prevalence of overconfidence.