nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Injection Lipolysis with a Cocktail of Phosphatidylcholine and Deoxycholate: An Indian Experience
Venue: Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

1 Sir: I view of recent United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approval of deoxycholate (DC) as a constituent for lipolysis,1 we would like to share our experience of using it in combination with phosphatidylcholine (PC) for injection lipolysis. PC and DC have independently been used in lipolysis and are both USFDA approved; however, a combination of both has not been approved by the USFDA. DC is a bile salt and fundamentally increases the solubility of PC, which is structurally a phospholipid.2 The first use of this class of drugs was done to dissolve the intramural accumulations of atherosclerotic plaques in systemic arteries and was later followed by usage to treat the pulmonary fat embolism. We have been using the combination since 2004 and have had good results in 956 patients so far. We have used the PC DC mixture in varied age groups, both sexes, and over different target areas. The amount injected per site was about 50% less on the face when compared to any other body part, and the amount injected at each prick was not more than 0.3 cc. The maximum dose used in 1 sitting is 5 g and the minimum interval between 2 subsequent sittings we followed has been 4 weeks. The maximal appreciable effect is achieved in 80% of patients by day 10; however, the drug continues to act for 6 8 weeks. The effects are more easily appreciated over the face (malar and submental areas) and arms and show average effects in the back and around the knees. We have also used lipolysis as primary modality and a touch up modality following liposuction. The results are better appreciated in primary lipolysis. The need for follow up sessions (1 2 sessions) of lipolysis and the quantification of results in subsequent sessions reveal that maximal improvement is achieved in the first session. We have also successfully used this technique of lipolysis in post free fat grafting cases, where patient desired minimal undercorrection subsequent to fat hypertrophy. The injection sites are guided by a custom made predesigned grid, which ensures that the injections are adequately spaced, and the projected cone of lipolysis has a minimal overlap ensuring a smoother transition into zone of neighboring injection  The most common complaint after the procedure is a stinging type of a pain. Other complaints after the procedure were erythema, edema, induration, and formation of subcutaneous nodules, which resolved over a period of time. Accidental injection into the muscle causes Injection Lipolysis with a Cocktail of Phosphatidylcholine and Deoxycholate: An Indian Experience
Motion detection and action recognition using elastic registration
Venue: 2016 13th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)

Motion detection has been widely used as a fundamental technique in automated video surveillance, intelligent transportation, real time video monitoring and secure communication systems. In addition to object movement, action recognition (gesture/ posture etc) play a vital role to discriminate the type of activity in applications related to sports (Cricket, Football, Archery etc. health (behavior analysis in patients) and law enforcement agencies (suspect behavior analysis) etc. In this research, we propose to detect motion (shift in position) using modified normalized phase correlation based on non rigid registration of two successive images/frames of video to detect any elastic movement in the particular scene. Moreover, gram polynomial based image decimation is used to reduce the computational complexity of the proposed method. After detection of motion, object can be tracked using accumulative non rigid translational shift provided by modified normalize phase correlation. These shifted points (pixel movements) can be converted to unit lengths based on camera parameters (angle of view, resolution etc. However, proposed method is used to recognize actions (gesture/posture etc. which in turn discriminate the nature of activity such as type of sport (Archery etc. The key to distinguish the actions of each sort of sport will be pattern of accumulative translational shift in pixels provided by the proposed method. The proposed method is efficient to the extent of near real by taking 0.82 second aggregated time for both registration and complete processing of an image using 2.2GHz Core i3 processor speed and 2GB of RAM.
Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Mechanism for Wireless Sensor Network Fields

In wireless sensor networks it becomes infeasible to recharge or substitute the dead batteries of the sensor nodes. As soon as, some of the sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) run out of energy, they stop functioning initiating progressive deconstruction of the network. Hence, each and every protocol should be so designed in such a way that minimum energy should be expended during sensing, processing and communication. This work suggests the development of an enhanced hierarchical clustering method, the Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering Mechanism (EEHCM) for wireless sensor network fields. This is a welldistributed clustering mechanism and the cluster head selection is based on the residual energy, communication cost and the distance to the base station. The main distinguishing feature of the proposed algorithm is that the cluster head selection is accomplished in mere few steps and its hierarchical nature. Simulation results clearly display that the proposed EEHCM scheme depicts an excellent reduction in communication energy and backbone energy consumption. Also, the energy efficiency in EEHCM is enhanced to a great extent. It is noted that the first node death and the last node death are delayed, and hence the overall network lifetime is prolonged. General Terms Wireless sensor network, cluster head and energy efficiency.
A Novel Energy Efficient Clustering Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Network

The area of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is one of the emerging and fast growing fields in the scientific world. This has brought about developing low cost, low power and multi function sensor nodes. However, the major fact that sensor nodes run out of energy quickly has been an issue and many energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed to solve this problem and preserve the longevity of the network. This is the reason why routing techniques in wireless sensor network focus mainly on the accomplishment of power conservation. Most of the recent publications have shown so many protocols mainly designed to minimize energy consumption in sensor networks. This paper proposes a hierarchical routing technique which shows energy efficiency. Our technique selects cluster head with highest residual energy in each communication round of transmission and also takes into account, the shortest distance to the base station from the cluster heads. Simulation results show that hierarchical routing technique with different level of hierarchy prolongs the lifetime of the network compared to other clustering scheme and the energy residual mean value after some communication rounds of simulation increases significantly.
An energy efficient hierarchical clustering technique for wireless sensor network
Venue: 2016 Fourth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC)

Wireless sensor network(WSN) deals with gathering information sensed in a specific region and transmitting it to the Base Station (BS) by using direct or multi hop communication. The key constraint of such network is energy consumption. Therefore it is important to design protocols that provide energy efficiency and robust wireless communication. The objective of this paper is to obtain time critical and periodic data from an area with distinct feature through an energy efficient network. Two different conventional hierarchical clustering protocols are applied cooperatively in the area of observation. Since a geographical area demands for monitoring of both time critical and periodic data the two application specific protocols are chosen to improve the life time of wireless sensor network. Simulation result shows increment in the lifetime of the network to a significant extent.
Mesh denoising via cascaded normal regression
Venue: ACM Trans. Graph.

We present a data driven approach for mesh denoising. Our key idea is to formulate the denoising process with cascaded non linear regression functions and learn them from a set of noisy meshes and their ground truth counterparts. Each regression function infers the normal of a denoised output mesh facet from geometry features extracted from its neighborhood facets on the input mesh and sends the result as the input of the next regression function. Specifically, we develop a filtered facet normal descriptor (FND) for modeling the geometry features around each facet on the noisy mesh and model a regression function with neural networks for mapping the FNDs to the facet normals of the denoised mesh. To handle meshes with different geometry features and reduce the training difficulty, we cluster the input mesh facets according to their FNDs and train neural networks for each cluster separately in an offline learning stage. At runtime, our method applies the learned cascaded regression functions to a noisy input mesh and reconstructs the denoised mesh from the output facet normals. Our method learns the non linear denoising process from the training data and makes no specific assumptions about the noise distribution and geometry features in the input. The runtime denoising process is fully automatic for different input meshes. Our method can be easily adapted to meshes with arbitrary noise patterns by training a dedicated regression scheme with mesh data and the particular noise pattern. We evaluate our method on meshes with both synthetic and real scanned noise, and compare it to other mesh denoising algorithms. Results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state of the art mesh denoising methods and successfully removes different kinds of noise for meshes with various geometry features.
Optimization of Fuzzy Neural Network Using Multiobjective NSGA II
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE)

In the area of computational intelligence as like Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) or Fuzzy logic have been used for the construction of an effective and reliable system in order to solve a real world problem where appropriate outcome along with certainty as well as precision are highly required. In this article, we present an integrated approach based on a fast elitist non dominated sorting genetic algorithm and ANN for constructing optimal fuzzy systems. At First, the neural network with clustering method, used as a fuzzy rule generator to generate training fuzzy logic rules for the NSGA II (Non dominated sorting genetic algorithm II) Multi objective NSGA II is used to optimize the fuzzy model involving more than three objective constraint to be augmented concurrently that are directly related to the fitness factor of the controller. In contrast with other conventional fuzzy model, this multi objective fuzzy NSGA II controller achieves benefits over the control performance with an oppositeness and probability.
Rewinding Frankenstein and the body machine: organ transplantation in the dystopian young adult fiction series Unwind
Venue: Medical Humanities

While the separation of body and mind (and the entailing metaphor of the body as a machine) has been a cornerstone of Western medicine for a long time, reactions to organ transplantation among others challenge this clear cut dichotomy. The limits of the machine body have been negotiated in science fiction, most canonically in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) Since then, Frankenstein's monster itself has become a motif that permeates both medical and fictional discourses. Neal Shusterman's contemporary dystology for young adults, Unwind, draws on traditional concepts of the machine body and the Frankenstein myth. This article follows one of the young protagonists in the series, who is entirely constructed from donated tissue, and analyses how Shusterman explores the complicated relationship between body and mind and between self and other as the teenager matures into an adult. It will be shown that, by framing the story of a transplanted individual along the lines of a coming of age narrative, Shusterman inter relates the acceptance of a donor organ with the transitional space of adolescence and positions the quest for embodied selfhood at the centre of both developments. By highlighting the interconnections between medical discourse and a literary tradition, the potential contribution of the series to the treatment and understanding of post transplant patients will be addressed.
Single awakening salivary measurements provide reliable estimates of morning cortisol levels in pregnant women
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology

Mood disorders during pregnancy have been associated with adverse effects on maternal as well as fetal health. Since mood, anxiety, and stress disorders are related with elevated cortisol levels, salivary cortisol may be a useful biomarker. Although multiple samples are generally recommended, a single measurement of awakening salivary cortisol could be a simpler and more cost effective method to determine whether women have elevated morning cortisol levels during a specific period of pregnancy. Therefore, the aim of this validation study among 177 women in the PRIDE Study was to examine whether one awakening salivary cortisol measurement will suffice to classify pregnant women as having normal or elevated cortisol levels compared to awakening salivary cortisol measurements on three consecutive working days. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Cohen's kappa statistics (k) overall as well as in sub analyses within strata based on maternal age, level of education, net household income, pre pregnancy BMI, parity, complications during pregnancy, caffeine consumption, gestational week of sampling, and awakening time. The mean cortisol concentrations were 8.98ng/ml (SD 5.32) for day one, 8.62ng/ml (SD 4.55) for day two, and 8.39ng/ml (SD 4.58) for day three. The overall ICC was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82 0.89) while the k was 0.75 (95% CI 0.64 0.86) For the ICCs calculated within sub analyses, a maximum difference of 0.11 was observed between the strata. For the k statistics, most strata did not differ more than 0.12, except for pre pregnancy BMI, severe nausea, and extreme fatigue with differences up to 0.22. In conclusion, one awakening salivary cortisol measurement is as reliable for the classification of pregnant women into normal and elevated morning cortisol levels as salivary cortisol measurements on three consecutive working days.
Identification of Susceptibility Loci and Genes for Colorectal Cancer Risk.
Venue: Gastroenterology

Known genetic factors explain only a small fraction of genetic variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) We conducted a genome wide association study to identify risk loci for CRC.  This discovery stage included 8027 cases and 22,577 controls of East Asian ancestry. Promising variants were evaluated in studies including as many as 11,044 cases and 12,047 controls. Tumor adjacent normal tissues from 188 patients were analyzed to evaluate correlations of risk variants with expression levels of nearby genes. Potential functionality of risk variants were evaluated using public genomic and epigenomic databases.  We identified 4 loci associated with CRC risk; P values for the most significant variant in each locus ranged from 3.92 x 10( 8) to 1.24 x 10( 12) 6p21.1 (rs4711689) 8q23.3 (rs2450115, rs6469656) 10q24.3 (rs4919687) and 12p13.3 (rs11064437) We also identified 2 risk variants at loci previously associated with CRC: 10q25.2 (rs10506868) and 20q13.3 (rs6061231) These risk variants, conferring an approximate 10% 18% increase in risk per allele, are located either inside or near protein coding genes that include transcription factor EB (lysosome biogenesis and autophagy) eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H (initiation of translation) cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (steroidogenesis) splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 2 (proteasome degradation) and ribosomal protein S2 (ribosome biogenesis) Gene expression analyses showed a significant association (P .05) for rs4711689 with transcription factor EB, rs6469656 with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit H, rs11064437 with splA/ryanodine receptor domain and SOCS box containing 2, and rs6061231 with ribosomal protein S2.  We identified susceptibility loci and genes associated with CRC risk, linking CRC predisposition to steroid hormone, protein synthesis and degradation, and autophagy pathways and providing added insight into the mechanism of CRC pathogenesis.
Detection of partial polarization of light beams with dipolar nanocubes.
Venue: Optics express

We confirm experimentally that the degree and state of polarization of a random, partially polarized electromagnetic beam can be obtained by probing the field with a nanoscatterer. We use a gold nanocube on silicon substrate as a local scatterer and detect the polarization characteristics of the scattered far field, which enables us to deduce the state of partial polarization of the field at the nanoprobe site. In contrast to previous beam characterization methods where spatial resolution is limited by the pixel size of the detector, the accuracy of the current technique is specified by the particle size. Our work is the first step towards polarization state detection of random optical near fields for which the use of nanoprobes is required.
T Gate: Concept of partial polarization in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata
Venue: 2016 20th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test (VDAT)

Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) plays a pivotal role in the emerging field of Nano electronics as well as in digital finite state machine design arena. Several gates and their proposals exist in this field all of which are recognized for their own characteristics. Majority voter is one of the several schemes of QCA. In this paper, a new gate termed as T gate is proposed which is validated by thirteen standard functions and two input multiplexer circuit which reflects the reduction in the effective area as compared to the realization of the same by earlier methods. The T gate can function as a universal logic gate and also as an inverter which can be realized by using fewer numbers of cells. T gate implementation of 2x1 Multiplexer require no wire crossings and shows noticeable reduction in the cell count.
Social learning solves the problem of narrow peaked search landscapes: experimental evidence in humans
Venue: Royal Society Open Science

The extensive use of social learning is considered a major reason for the ecological success of humans. Theoretical considerations, models and experiments have explored the evolutionary basis of social learning, showing the conditions under which learning from others is more adaptive than individual learning. Here we present an extension of a previous experimental set up, in which individuals go on simulated 'hunts' and their success depends on the features of a 'virtual arrowhead' they design. Individuals can modify their arrowhead either by individual trial and error or by copying others. We study how, in a multimodal adaptive landscape, the smoothness of the peaks influences learning. We compare narrow peaks, in which solutions close to optima do not provide useful feedback to individuals, to wide peaks, where smooth landscapes allow an effective hill climbing individual learning strategy. We show that individual learning is more difficult in narrow peaked landscapes, but that social learners perform almost equally well in both narrow and wide peaked search spaces. There was a weak trend for more copying in the narrow than wide condition, although as in previous experiments social information was generally underutilized. Our results highlight the importance of tasks' design space when studying the adaptiveness of high fidelity social learning.
Community based counselors' interventions for elementary school age children coping with trauma
Venue: Journal of prevention intervention in the community

Child trauma is a mental health concern and more information is needed about treatment in community mental health settings. This article presents results of a focus group and member checking sessions held with counselors who provided therapy for children experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder in a community based setting. Results indicated that play and art techniques were commonly used during individual child therapy sessions. Sessions were child directed and allowed children to review trauma experiences in a "safe" setting with an "expert" guide. Several themes were commonly addressed in sessions including opportunities to re experience, release, and reorganize the trauma, building resilience or self esteem for the child, promoting safety, and helping the child to regulate emotional reactions and behavior problems. Counselors focused on discussing ways to interact with the child to promote healing and there was a belief that children would return to a positive developmental trajectory after coping with traumatic experiences. Future research needs to address what works for whom, in terms of what interventions are useful in child directed counseling sessions for children who have experienced specific types of trauma, such as sexual and physical abuse or witnessing domestic violence. Integration of knowledge from evidence based treatments will also further inform clinical practice with children who have experienced traumatic events.
Wideband Low Loss Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for 5G Wireless Network With Gain Enhancement Using Meta Lens and Gap Waveguide Technology Feeding
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

In this paper, a wideband magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna excited by a slot coupled to a fork shaped printed ridge gap waveguide is proposed. To enhance the antenna gain, a meta lens consists of three layers of split ring resonators (SRRs) are integrated horizontally in front of the ME dipole antenna. Each slab contains a 3x7 array of SRR unit cells. The matching bandwidth is improved as a secondary effect of the lens. A 1 x 4 array is designed to provide more gain by adjusting the lens between the edge elements of the four element array. The antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results show that 10 dB S11 is obtained between 26.5 and 38.3 GHz. The measure realized gain is better than 15 dBi over the frequency range of 28 38 GHz. A 90% radiation efficiency at 30 GHz is achieved.