nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis of Arabic Tweets in e Learning
Venue: J. Comput. Sci.

In this study, we present the design and implementation of Arabic text classification in regard to university students' opinions through different algorithms such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) The aim of the study is to develop a framework to analyse Twitter "tweets" as having negative, positive or neutral sentiments in education or, in other words, to illustrate the relationship between the sentiments conveyed in Arabic tweets and the students' learning experiences at universities. Two experiments were carried out, one using negative and positive classes only and the other one with a neutral class. The results show that in Arabic, a sentiments SVM with an n gram feature achieved higher accuracy than NB both with using negative and positive classes only and with the neutral class.
Imitation Learning with Recurrent Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv

We present a novel view that unifies two frameworks that aim to solve sequential prediction problems: learning to search (L2S) and recurrent neural networks (RNN) We point out equivalences between elements of the two frameworks. By complementing what is missing from one framework comparing to the other, we introduce a more advanced imitation learning framework that, on one hand, augments L2S s notion of search space and, on the other hand, enhances RNNs training procedure to be more robust to compounding errors arising from training on highly correlated examples.
Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy vs No Therapy in Mild to Moderate Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA neurology

It is unclear whether physiotherapy and occupational therapy are clinically effective and cost effective in Parkinson disease (PD)  To perform a large pragmatic randomized clinical trial to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of individualized physiotherapy and occupational therapy in PD.  The PD REHAB Trial was a multicenter, open label, parallel group, controlled efficacy trial. A total of 762 patients with mild to moderate PD were recruited from 38 sites across the United Kingdom. Recruitment took place between October 2009 and June 2012, with 15 months of follow up.  Participants with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) were randomized to physiotherapy and occupational therapy or no therapy.  The primary outcome was the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living (NEADL) Scale score at 3 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes were health related quality of life (assessed by Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 and EuroQol 5D) adverse events; and caregiver quality of life. Outcomes were assessed before trial entry and then 3, 9, and 15 months after randomization.  Of the 762 patients included in the study (mean [SD] age, 70 [9.1] years) 381 received physiotherapy and occupational therapy and 381 received no therapy. At 3 months, there was no difference between groups in NEADL total score (difference, 0.5 points; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.7; P .41) or Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 summary index (0.007 points; 95% CI, 1.5 to 1.5; P .99) The EuroQol 5D quotient was of borderline significance in favor of therapy 0.03; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.002; P .04) The median therapist contact time was 4 visits of 58 minutes over 8 weeks. Repeated measures analysis showed no difference in NEADL total score, but Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 39 summary index (diverging 1.6 points per annum; 95% CI, 0.47 to 2.62; P .005) and EuroQol 5D score (0.02; 95% CI, 0.00007 to 0.03; P .04) showed small differences in favor of therapy. There was no difference in adverse events.  Physiotherapy and occupational therapy were not associated with immediate or medium term clinically meaningful improvements in ADL or quality of life in mild to moderate PD. This evidence does not support the use of low dose, patient centered, goal directed physiotherapy and occupational therapy in patients in the early stages of PD. Future research should explore the development and testing of more structured and intensive physical and occupational therapy programs in patients with all stages of PD.
A Political Practice Of Occupational Therapy

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing a political practice of occupational therapy as the reading material.
Toward a Broader Role for Occupational Therapy in Supportive Oncology Care.
Venue: The American journal of occupational therapy official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association

Supportive care in oncology helps people cope with cancer and its psychological, physical, and emotional side effects. However, cancer survivors report dissatisfaction with supportive care and a need for more psychosocial and self management services. Occupational therapy practitioners represent an integral part of the supportive care team because their scope of practice emphasizes function. Through a focus on function, practitioners address the full spectrum of physical and psychosocial care. Currently, conceptualizations of occupational therapy for cancer survivors often focus solely on physical interventions and, therefore, do not represent the unique involvement of the profession in supportive oncology care. We advocate for a focused framework for occupational therapy practitioners in oncology as experts in function and providers of both physical and psychosocial treatments. Barriers to a focus on function are identified, and strategies are suggested for expanding involvement for the profession in supportive oncology care.
The values of occupational therapy: Perceptions of occupational therapists in Quebec
Venue: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy

Recently, there has been increasing interest in the values of occupational therapy and the values held by occupational therapists. A wide range of values has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, despite the fact that values are an important part of professional identity, empirical studies have demonstrated that several occupational therapists possess an ambiguous professional identity. This study was undertaken to explore the values of Canadian occupational therapists, specifically French speaking occupational therapists in Quebec.  Semi structured interviews were conducted with 26 occupational therapists. Their narratives were subject to hermeneutic analysis, a method of textual analysis common in philosophical research.  A total of 16 values were identified in the discourses of the occupational therapists interviewed: autonomy; human dignity; occupational participation; social justice and equity; professionalism; holism; partnership, environment, or ecological approach; quality of life; solicitude; honesty; integrity; health; creativity; professional autonomy; effectiveness; and spirituality.  The results of this study are, in general, consistent with those reported in the few other empirical studies that have documented the values perceptions of occupational therapists. Finally, the explanation of the values of occupational therapists may reinforce their professional identity and favour best, or at least desirable, professional practices related to ethics and culture.
Study on the potential of combined GLCM features towards medicinal plant classification
Venue: 2016 2nd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy Communication (CIEC)

The gray level co occurrence matrix (GLCM) is widely used for textural feature extraction. The features obtained from GLCM matrix are subjected to the classifiers for the purpose of identification and classification. In this paper the combinations between different features, obtained from GLCM matrix, are studied. For experiments, the leaves of medicinal plants are considered, as proper identification of medicinal plant is crucial for appropriate utilization of their medicinal values. Two popular Indian medicinal plants, namely, Neem and Tulsi have been considered for classification using back propagation multi layer perceptron (BP MLP) neural network classifier. Beside combination the further classification improvements may be achieved using different preprocessing techniques, which have also been experimented. The results show that preprocessed combined GLCM features can provide higher classification rate compared to raw single GLCM features.
Mesenchymal stromal cell treatment prevents H9N2 avian influenza virus induced acute lung injury in mice
Venue: Stem Cell Research Therapy

BackgroundThe avian influenza virus (AIV) can cross species barriers and expand its host range from birds to mammals, even humans. Avian influenza is characterized by pronounced activation of the proinflammatory cytokine cascade, which perpetuates the inflammatory response, leading to persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome and pulmonary infection in animals and humans. There are currently no specific treatment strategies for avian influenza.MethodsWe hypothesized that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) would have beneficial effects in the treatment of H9N2 AIV induced acute lung injury in mice. Six to 8 week old C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with 1 x 104 MID50 of A/HONG KONG/2108/2003 [H9N2 (HK) H9N2 virus to induce acute lung injury. After 30 min, syngeneic MSCs were delivered through the caudal vein. Three days after infection, we measured the survival rate, lung weight, arterial blood gas, and cytokines in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum, and assessed pathological changes to the lungs.ResultsMSC administration significantly palliated H9N2 AIV induced pulmonary inflammation by reducing chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines levels, as well as reducing inflammatory cell recruit into the lungs. Thus, H9N2 AIV induced lung injury was markedly alleviated in mice treated with MSCs. Lung histopathology and arterial blood gas analysis were improved in mice with H9N2 AIV induced lung injury following MSC treatment.ConclusionsMSC treatment significantly reduces H9N2 AIV induced acute lung injury in mice and is associated with reduced pulmonary inflammation. These results indicate a potential role for MSC therapy in the treatment of clinical avian influenza.
Applications of Sandwich Plate System for Ship Structures 1 KVRamakrishnan

Sandwich Plate System (SPS) is an alternative to conventional stiffened plate construction. Sandwich plate system is a lightweight material that consists of two metal plates separated by a core. Plates, usually made of steel, are joined via perimeter bars on the edges of the plate. Polyurethane elastomer core transfers shear and bending forces between plates and dissipates strain energy over a large area, reducing load concentrations and the possibility for permanent deformations. Sandwich plate system eliminates the need for secondary stiffeners, making the structure less complex and flush. Considering the high strength to weight ratio, ease of construction, blast and ballistic properties of the material, availability of a flush surface etc. SPS has been widely used in building bridges, stadiums, floors, blast walls etc. SPS panels have also been used in ship repair as an overlay on existing structures, converting them conventional steel to sandwich plates. The concept of complete hull structure made of SPS is a big challenge. At present, no thorough study over complete ship bull sandwich structure is available, mainly due to the non availability of design tools for the SPS concept. However, the introduction of Class rules has brought in the use of sandwich structures in marine construction. It is roughly estimated that weight reduction possibilities of SPS over the conventional structure varies from 10 to 70% In this paper, the advantages of SPS are examined. The scope for SPS panels in shipbuilding, and various areas where further research and progress could be made is also recommended.
Range of Motion and Plantar Pressure Evaluation for the Effects of Self Care Foot Exercises on Diabetic Patients with and Without Neuropathy.
Venue: Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

We aimed to investigate whether a home exercise for self care program that consists of range of motion (ROM) stretching, and strengthening exercises could improve ROM for foot joints and plantar pressure distribution during walking in diabetic patients to prevent diabetic foot complications.  Seventy six diabetic patients were recruited (38 with neuropathy and 38 without neuropathy) Neuropathy and nonneuropathy groups were randomly divided into a home exercise group (n 19) and a control group (n 19) Exercise groups performed their own respective training programs for 4 weeks, whereas no training was done in the control group. Total contact area and plantar pressure under six foot areas before and after the exercise program were measured. Ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint ROM were measured before and after the exercise program.  In the exercise group, there were significant improvements in ROM for the ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints (P .001) static pedobarographic values showed significant reduction in right forefoot medial pressure (P .010) and significant decreases were seen in dynamic pedobarographic values of peak plantar pressure at the left forefoot medial (P .007) right forefoot lateral (P .018) left midfoot (P .001) and right hindfoot (P .021) after exercise. No significant positive or negative correlation was found between the neuropathy and nonneuropathy groups (P .05)  A home exercise program could be an effective preventive method for improving ROM for foot joints and plantar pressure distribution in diabetic patients independent of the presence of neuropathy.
Functional communication training during reinforcement schedule thinning: An analysis of 25 applications.
Venue: Journal of applied behavior analysis

Two principal goals of functional communication training (FCT) are (a) to eliminate destructive behavior and (b) to establish a more acceptable, yet functionally equivalent, communication response (FCR) A related and critically important goal is to thin the schedule of reinforcement for the FCR to levels that can be reasonably managed by caregivers. Researchers have described several approaches to thinning FCT reinforcement schedules. We summarize the results of 25 consecutive applications (among 20 cases) in which schedule thinning procedures employed discriminative stimuli to signal when the FCR would and would not produce reinforcement (i.e. using multiple schedules, response restriction, or chained schedules) Results suggest that schedule thinning procedures that use discriminative stimuli can maintain the effectiveness of FCT while they minimize the need for punishment or other supplemental procedures.
Surgical outcomes for low volume vs high volume surgeons in gynecology surgery: a systematic review and meta analysis.
Venue: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of gynecological surgeon volumes on patient outcomes.  Eligible studies were selected through an electronic literature search from database inception up until September 2015 and references in published studies. Search terms included surgical volume, surgeon volume, low volume or high volume, and gynecology or hysterectomy or sling or pelvic floor repair or continence procedure.  The literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We defined a low volume surgeon (LVS) as one performing the procedure once a month or less, and studies were excluded if their definition of LVS was 33% of our definition. Primary outcomes were total complications, intraoperative complications, and postoperative complications.  All outcome data for individual studies were entered into systematic review software. When 2 or more studies evaluated a designated outcome, a meta analysis of the entered data was undertaken as per the Cochrane database methodology. Data analysis was entered into a software product, which generated a summary of findings table that included structured and qualified grading (very low to high) of the quality for the evidence of the individual outcomes and provided a measure of effect.  Fourteen peer reviewed studies with 741,760 patients were included in the systematic review. For gynecology the LVS group had an increased rate of total complications (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2 1.5) intraoperative complications (OR, 1.6, 95% CI, 1.2 2.1) and postoperative complications (OR, 1.4 95% CI, 1.3 1.4) In gynecological oncology, the LVS group had higher mortality (OR, 1.9, 95% CI, 1.3 2.6) In the urogynecology group, a single study reported that the LVS group had a higher rate of any complication (risk ratio [RR] 1.4, 95% CI, 1.2 1.6) Another single study found that LVS had higher rates of reoperation for mesh complications after midurethral sling procedures (RR, 1.4, 95% CI, 1.2 1.5) The evidence is of moderate to very low quality.  Gynecologists performing procedures approximately once a month or less were found to have higher rates of adverse outcomes in gynecology, gynecological oncology, and urogynecology, with higher mortality in gynecological oncology.
Validating a standardized laparoscopy curriculum for gynecology residents: a randomized controlled trial.
Venue: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

Residency programs struggle with integrating simulation training into curricula, despite evidence that simulation leads to improved operating room performance and patient outcomes. Currently, there is no standardized laparoscopic training program available for gynecology residents.  The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive ex vivo training curriculum for gynecologic laparoscopy.  In a prospective, single blinded randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force Classification I) postgraduate year 1 and 2 gynecology residents were allocated randomly to receive either conventional residency training or an evidence based laparoscopy curriculum. The 7 week curriculum consisted of cognitive didactic and interactive sessions, low fidelity box trainer and high fidelity virtual reality simulator technical skills, and high fidelity team simulation. The primary outcome measure was the technical procedure score at laparoscopic salpingectomy with the use of the objective structured assessment of laparoscopic salpingectomy tool. Secondary outcome measures related to performance in multiple choice questions and technical performance at box trainer and virtual reality simulator tasks. A sample size of 10 residents per group was planned (n 20) Results are reported as medians (interquartile ranges) and data were compared between groups with the Mann Whitney U, chi square, and Fisher's exact tests (P .05) RESULTS In July 2013, 27 residents were assigned randomly (14 curriculum, 13 conventional) Both groups were similar at baseline. Twenty one residents (10 curriculum, 11 conventional) completed the surgical procedure based assessment in the operating room (September to December 2013) Our primary outcome indicated that curriculum trained residents displayed superior performance at laparoscopic salpingectomy (P .043) Secondary outcomes demonstrated that curriculum trained residents had higher performance scores on the cognitive multiple choice questions (P .001) the nontechnical skills multiple choice questions (P .016) box trainer task time (P .001) and all virtual reality simulator parameters.  Participation in a comprehensive simulation based training curriculum for gynecologic laparoscopy leads to a superior improvement in knowledge and technical performance in the operating room compared with conventional residency training.
Comparison of Women in Department Leadership in Obstetrics and Gynecology With Those in Other Specialties
Venue: Obstetrics and gynecology

To compare the representation of women in obstetrics and gynecology department based leadership to other clinical specialties while accounting for proportions of women in historical residency cohorts.  This was a cross sectional observational study. The gender of department based leaders (chair, vice chair, division director) and residency program directors was determined from websites of 950 academic departments of anesthesiology, diagnostic radiology, general surgery, internal medicine, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, pathology, pediatrics, and psychiatry. Each specialty's representation ratio proportion of leadership roles held by women in 2013 divided by proportion of residents in 1990 who were women and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. A ratio of 1 indicates proportionate representation.  Women were significantly underrepresented among chairs for all specialties (ratios 0.60 or less, P.02) and division directors for all specialties except anesthesiology (ratio 1.13, 95% CI 0.87 1.46) and diagnostic radiology (ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 1.16) The representation ratio for vice chair was below 1.0 for all specialties except anesthesiology; this finding reached statistical significance only for pathology, pediatrics, and psychiatry. Women were significantly overrepresented as residency program directors in general surgery, anesthesiology, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics (ratios greater than 1.19, P.046) Obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics had the highest proportions of residents in 1990 and department leaders in 2013 who were women.  Despite having the largest proportion of leaders who were women, representation ratios demonstrate obstetrics and gynecology is behind other specialties in progression of women to departmental leadership. Women's overrepresentation as residency program directors raises concern because education based academic tracks may not lead to major leadership roles.
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