nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of invertase on chitosan coated g Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles to facilitate magnetic separation.
Venue: Journal of colloid and interface science

Industrially important invertase enzyme was immobilized on chitosan coated sol gel derived g Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to enable it for repetitive use by magnetic separation. MNPs were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) dynamic light scattering (DLS) field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and magnetic measurements. FTIR studies confirmed successful immobilization of invertase on MNPs. The ability to convert sucrose into invert syrup was enhanced in immobilized invertase compared to that of free enzyme. Further it was found that invertase immobilized on MNPs (IIMNPs) were more stable at varying pH and temperature conditions. Magnetic separation technique was successfully employed for reuse of the IIMNPs for 20 times without significant loss of activity.
Simon on Luck and Desert in Sport: A Review and Some Comments

During the 1000 meter short track speed skating event of the 2002 Salt Lake Winter Olympic Games, a series of extraordinary situations  The Australian skater Steven Bradbury won what is perhaps the most unexpected gold medal in Olympic history. In the quarterfinal, Bradbury finished third. However, as number two Canadian favorite Marc Gagnon was disqualified for having obstructed another skater, Bradbury proceeded to the semifinal. Here, he skated defensively to exploit possibilities if faster skaters collided and fell. As three of his competitors fell, Bradbury came in second and proceeded to the final. History repeated itself. In the last round, with Bradbury lagging 15 meters behind, all four competitors crashed and fell. Bradbury passed the finishing line as the winner and became the first Winter Olympic champion of the Southern Hemisphere. The story of Steven Bradbury raises many questions. To some, he became a cult figure and an example of the significance of never giving in and of the possibilities of the underdog. Others criticized the competition and argued that it failed, as 'the best skater' did not win. A third, more systematic perspective implied a discussion of the very setup and rules of short track speed skating and the role of chance and luck vs. merit and desert. Clearly, competitions with improbable outcomes challenge our ideas of the meaning and value of sport. Hence, issues of chance and luck have become a debated topic in the philosophy of games and sport. Modern classics such as Huizinga (1955) and Caillois (2001) provide detailed discussions of chance and luck in play and games. Scholars such as de De Wachter (1985) Morgan (1985) Loland (2002) Kretchmar (2012) Kobiela (2014) and Mumford (2014) discuss more explicitly competitive sport. As in most other areas of the philosophy of sport, Robert Simon has offered important insights here as well. In his Journal of the Philosophy of Sport
Medical Error and Moral Luck
Venue: HEC forum an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals' ethical and legal issues

This paper addresses the concept of moral luck. Moral luck is discussed in the context of medical error, especially an error of omission that occurs frequently, but only rarely has adverse consequences. As an example, a failure to compare the label on a syringe with the drug chart results in the wrong medication being administered and the patient dies. However, this error may have previously occurred many times with no tragic consequences. Discussions on moral luck can highlight conflicting intuitions. Should perpetrators receive a harsher punishment because of an adverse outcome, or should they be dealt with in the same way as colleagues who have acted similarly, but with no adverse effects? An additional element to the discussion, specifically with medical errors, is that according to the evidence currently available, punishing individual practitioners does not seem to be effective in preventing future errors. The following discussion, using relevant philosophical and empirical evidence, posits a possible solution for the moral luck conundrum in the context of medical error: namely, making a distinction between the duty to make amends and assigning blame. Blame should be assigned on the basis of actual behavior, while the duty to make amends is dependent on the outcome.
Grounded theology: A new method to explore luck

The idea of luck has been explored, but not well developed, in three disciplines: philosophy, psychology, and theology. This article uses grounded theory to explore the theme of luck through 15 qualitative interviews with subjects aged between 60 and 75. The sample represented a variety of agnostic and Christian perspectives. The idea of luck was found to be a messy concept, but revealed aspects of participants' worldviews and how they make meaning. This led to two conclusions. The idea of luck is subversive and emotionally messy. This article introduces the idea that grounded theory might be useful as a theological methodology, which could be termed grounded theology.
Out of Work and Out of Luck? Layoffs, System Justification, and Hiring Decisions for People Who Have Been Laid Off

Are hiring decisions affected by knowledge that a job applicant was previously laid off? We expected decisional biases to be linked with the motivational tendency to believe that society is fair and outcomes are just and deserved (hereafter, system justifying beliefs [SJBs] Indeed, hiring decisions were more likely to disadvantage a laid off applicant as SJBs increased both when detailed job application information was reviewed for one laid off applicant (Study 1) and when the applicant was described as one of many laid off as the result of corporate downsizing (Study 2) Furthermore, both experiments supported a mediation model, whereby greater endorsement of SJBs was associated with greater perceptions of weaknesses in the laid off applicant, which in turn led to less sympathy, and finally to biased hiring decisions. Study 2 additionally demonstrated that all findings held when controlling for other ideologies.
[Do regional and generational differences in attitudes toward "Luck Resource Belief" exist?
Venue: Shinrigaku kenkyu The Japanese journal of psychology

This article examines whether belief in superstitions and folklore differs by age and degree of modernization specifically. This study investigated regional and generational differences in attitudes toward "Luck Resource Belief," a notion regarding luck. The 500 Japanese participants in our sample were stratified by place of residence, age, and income. The results reflected gender differences, but not regional or generational differences with regard to the "Luck Resource Belief" scale scores. Based on these results, the hypothesis that the mass media plays a major role in the dissemination of information about superstitions and folklore is discussed in this context.
Forcing your luck: Goal striving behavior in chance situations
Venue: Motivation and emotion

Previous research suggests that desired end states (i.e. goals) initiate a set of motivational processes supporting goal attainment. For example, motivational intensity (e.g. effort investment) increases as distance to the goal decreases. The present studies investigate whether this goal gradient can also be observed in chance determined situations, situations in which there is a desired end state (i.e. winning) but in which increased effort investment does not support goal attainment. Three studies provide consistent evidence for the goal gradient in chance determined situations. We show that participants (in the lab and in a TV game show) invest more effort into goal directed behavior the closer they get to the end of the game. The moderation of expectancy and value was, however, modest. Interestingly, participants' self reports suggest that their dynamic changes in behavior were unintentional and perceived as non instrumental. Findings are related to theories of goal pursuit and illusory control, and contrasted to the principle of resource conservation, according to which such behavior should not occur.
Using online primary sources to foster historical thinking

This paper describes an ongoing initiative to enhance learner digital literacies by fostering historical thinking using digitized primary sources. Engaging with primary sources is central to the development of authentic critical historical thinking. In the past thirty years, millions of primary sources have been digitized by libraries and archives and has created a wealth of rich content for historians and history students. However the sheer scale of sources material, websites and questions about source quality make it a challenging research environment for learners. Based on current tutor and student feedback, additional support material that could increase access to these valuable open educational resources would be well received. The initiative is creating a set of learning materials which will support the use of online primary sources and enhance the learner experience. These learning materials will support flexible/off campus learners and their development of research skills in the six BA in Humanities (Open Education) history modules. The learning materials are comprised of: An interactive guide to online primary sources An accompanying social bookmarking web page Diigo An online tutorial to practise finding, evaluating and using online primary sources
Continuous body emotion recognition system during theater performances
Venue: Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds

Understanding emotional human behavior in its multimodal and continuous aspect is necessary for studying human machine interaction and creating constituent social agents. As a first step, we propose a system for continuous emotional behavior recognition expressed by people during communication based on their gesture and their whole body dynamical motion. The features used to classify the motion are inspired by the Laban Movement Analysis entities and are mapped onto the well known Russell Circumplex Model We choose a specific case study that corresponds to an ideal case of multimodal behavior that emphasizes the body motion expression: theater performance. Using a trained neural network and annotated data, our system is able to describe the motion behavior as trajectories on the Russell Circumplex Model diagram during theater performances over time. This work contributes to the understanding of human behavior and expression and is a first step through a complete continuous emotion recognition system whose next step will be adding facial expressions.
Theater Cost Is PS16/Minute So What Are You Doing Just Standing There?
Venue: The Journal of arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to measure the time to perform particular activities in the operating room and calculate the cost per minute to perform each activity. We timed how long it takes to perform 15 individual activities carried out by orthopedic trainees during total hip and knee arthroplasty. We developed an algorithm, and then measured the time taken for the preparation of 20 consecutive patients using it. With the algorithm, overall preparation time was reduced by 25.32% for each hip arthroplasty and by 27.60% (P .0001) for each knee arthroplasty, saving PS84.32 and PS93.44 per case, respectively. Coordination between surgeons and theater staff is essential to reduce the time spent performing activities, and this will help improve theater efficiency.
Making Invisible Intersectionality Visible Through Theater of the Oppressed in Teacher Education

The arts generally and theater specifically offer effective strategies to help educators recognize and make visible the multiple student and teacher identities within classrooms. Without student and teacher agency in schools, there cannot be equitable and liberatory learning environments. Noted Brazilian theater artist and activist Augusto Boal's Theater of the Oppressed (TO) offers promising opportunities to embody Crenshaw's notion of intersectional identities and Purdie Vaughns and Eibach's concept of Invisible Intersectionality. This article shares research conducted in a teacher education course on culturally relevant pedagogy where students engaged in TO activities to explore the multiplicity of their and their future students' identities. The authors suggest that embodied and artistic approaches in preservice teacher education create so called small openings where students may recognize their and their future students' identities and move toward including varied identities in their future classroom communities.
CFD investigation of airflow pattern, temperature distribution and thermal comfort of UFAD system for theater buildings applications

A 3D CFD investigation of airflow, temperature distribution and thermal comfort in high rise ceiling theaters air conditioned with underfloor air distribution (UFAD) system is presented for different operating and geometric conditions. Numerical simulations are implemented, using a commercial CFD package (Fluent 6.3) to understand the effects of supply air temperature, supply air velocity, space height and number of supply air diffusers on the performance of the air conditioning system and thermal comfort. For UFAD system evaluation, the traditional overhead mixing air distribution (OHAD) system are also modelled and compared with the UFAD system. The results showed that (i) the used numerical technique could accurately predict the airflow and temperature distribution in the high rise conditioned space, (ii) UFAD system is capable of creating smaller vertical variations of air temperature and a more comfortable environment and energy saving than OHAD system, (iii) the supply air velocity and temperature, number of diffusers and height of the space have a significant impact on thermal comfort, (iv) the optimum system performance and thermal comfort obtained at 18 degC supply air temperature, 0.8 m/s supply air velocity and proper numbers and distributions of supply diffusers, (v) the percentage of energy saving due to using UFAD system increases with increasing the theater height. The simulation results are validated with the available experimental data and good agreement are obtained.
Telephone Follow up for Heart Failure Patients Discharged to Skilled Nursing Facilities

Reducing hospital readmissions has become a national priority for health care institutions. Telephone follow up, a cost effective intervention, has been used with varying degrees of success in reducing 30 day readmissions for heart failure (HF) patients. However, little is known about interventions directed toward HF patients discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) The purpose of this project was to test the effect of telephone follow up with SNF staff by an advanced practice nurse (APN) on 30 day readmission rates. A one time call to SNF staff was made by the APN to review key components of HF management. Readmission rates for the intervention group (n 24) were compared to the control group (n 21) No significant difference was observed in readmission rates between the two groups. Further research is needed to establish the efficacy of telephone interventions in reducing rehospitalizations of HF patients discharged to SNFs.
The Profunda Artery Perforator Flap Experience for Breast Reconstruction
Venue: Plastic and reconstructive surgery

The profunda artery perforator flap was first introduced for breast reconstruction in 2010. In this article, the authors analyze the results of all profunda artery perforator flaps performed by their group to date.  A retrospective review was completed of consecutive profunda artery perforator flaps performed by the senior author (R.J.A. from 2010 to 2014. Patient demographics, indications, operative techniques, flap specifics, complications, and number of operations were recorded.  Ninety six patients have undergone 164 profunda artery perforator flap operations for breast reconstruction since 2010. Reconstructions were performed following breast cancer management (59.5 percent) following prophylactic mastectomy for cancer risk reduction (35.7 percent) and for congenital breast deformity (4.8 percent) The average age of the patients was 48 years (range, 24 to 64 years) and their average body mass index was 22.5 kg/m2. Average flap weight was 367.4 g and average pedicle length was found to be 10.2 cm. The success rate of the profunda artery perforator flap was greater than 99 percent, with a 3 percent take back rate and only one flap loss recorded. Complications included hematoma (1.9 percent) seroma (6 percent) fat necrosis (7 percent) and donor site infection (1.9 percent)  The profunda artery perforator flap is an excellent option for breast reconstruction. Advantages include a reliable blood supply, long pedicle, thick donor tissue, and a favorable donor site. Currently, the profunda artery perforator flap is second only to the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator among flaps used by the authors for breast reconstruction.
Radiographic Appearance of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Performed With and Without Recombinant Human Morphogenetic Protein 2.
Venue: AJR. American journal of roentgenology

The purpose of this study is to determine whether recombinant human morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP 2) alters the findings on routine radiographs performed after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF)  A retrospective review of 256 TLIF procedures in 200 patients was performed over a 4 year period. The rhBMP 2 group included 204 TLIFs in 160 patients, and the control group included 52 TLIFs in 40 patients. Two musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed the postoperative radiographs for endplate resorption, resorption resolution, new bone formation, bridging bone, and allograft migration. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression.  The median age was 53 years in the rhBMP 2 group and 54 years in the control group (p 0.182) The groups were similar with regard to sex (p 0.517) single or multilevel TLIF (p 0.921) specific TLIF levels (p 0.53) and median radiographic follow up (373 vs 366 days; p 0.34) Findings that were more common in the rhBMP 2 group than in the control group included endplate resorption (38% [78/204] vs 12% [6/52] odds ratio [OR] 4.67; 95% CI, 1.99 12.54; p 0.001) resorption resolution (59% [46/78] vs 0% [0/6] OR, 8.09; 95% CI, 1.41 to p 0.022) new bone formation (84% [171/204] vs 67% [35/52] OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.24 4.99; p 0.011) bridging bone (55% [112/204] vs 31% [16/52] OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.43 5.34; p 0.002) and allograft migration (17% [35/204] vs 2% [1/52] OR, 6.30; 95% CI, 0.91 151.41; p 0.065)  A statistically significant higher frequency of endplate resorption, new bone formation, and bone bridging is present in TLIF augmented by rhBMP 2 compared with TLIF performed without rhBMP 2. Endplate resorption resolves without treatment in most cases after rhBMP 2 use.
A Crowd Monitoring Framework using Emotion Analysis of Social Media for Emergency Management in Mass Gatherings
Venue: ArXiv

In emergency management for mass gathering, the knowledge about crowd types can highly assist with providing timely response and effective resource allocation. Crowd monitoring can be achieved using computer vision based approaches and sensory data analysis. The emergence of social media platforms presents an opportunity to capture valuable information about how people feel and think. However, reviewing current works shows that there are a limited number of studies that use social media in crowd monitoring and/or incorporate a unified crowd model for consistency and interoperability. This presents a novel framework for crowd monitoring using social media. It includes a standard crowd model to represent different types of crowds. The proposed framework considers the effect of emotion on crowd behaviour and uses the emotion analysis of social media to identify the crowd types in an event. An experiment using historical data of a past event to validate our framework and model is described.
Medical comorbidity and distress in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: The moderating role of age.
Venue: Journal of psychosomatic research

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects people across the age spectrum and is highly comorbid with other medical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the moderating effect of age on the relationship between medical comorbidity and health outcomes in IBS patients.  Patients (n=384) across the age spectrum (18 to 70) completed questionnaires regarding medical comorbidities, anxiety, depression, IBS symptom severity, and IBS quality of life (QOL) RESULTS The mean age was 41 (SD=15) Age interacted with medical comorbidities to predict anxiety, F(7,354)=5.82, p=0.009, R(2)=0.10. Results revealed significant main effects for education, b= 0.16, p<0.05, age, b= 0.15, p<0.05, medical comorbidities, b=0.25, p<0.05, and a significant interaction, b= 0.15, p<0.01. Anxiety was greater among patients with many comorbidities, with this effect being more pronounced for younger adults. Depression, also predicted by the interaction between age and comorbidities, showed the same pattern as anxiety. There was no significant interaction between age and medical comorbidities in predicting IBS symptom severity or IBS QOL.  Distress among IBS patients with medical comorbidities varies with age, with higher levels of anxiety and depression among younger adults than their older counterparts. Medical comorbidity may have a more selective impact on psychological distress as compared to IBS symptom severity and quality of life for younger adults with IBS. Distress may increase IBS burden for these patients and complicate its medical management.
Police Body Cameras in Large Police Departments

Body Worn Cameras are spreading worldwide, under the assumption that police performance, conduct, accountability, and legitimacy, in the eyes of the public, are enhanced as a result of using these devices. In addition, suspects' demeanor during police public engagements is hypothesized to change as a result of the video recording of the encounter. For both parties officers and suspects the theoretical mechanism that underpins these behavioral changes is deterrence theory, self awareness theory, or both. Yet evidence on the efficacy of Body Worn Cameras remains largely anecdotal, with only one rigorous study, from a small force in Rialto, California, validating the hypotheses.
Police Body Cameras: Mending Fences and How Pittsburgh is a Leading Example

After the police brutality deaths of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, and Freddie Gray, amongst others, many call for increased accountability through police officer body worn cameras. The following Note discusses the potential benefits of body camera use, the concerns that body cameras raise, relevant current and pending legislation in Pennsylvania, and whether police body cameras can be used to address race relations in connection with police officer brutality.
A study on the privacy and security of police body cameras deployments
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST)

There is a current interest towards outfitting police officers with body cameras while on patrol. While these systems can provide useful video recordings to serve as evidence, there are concerns that widespread deployment of these cameras will erode our individual privacy. This paper looks at the different guidelines for body cameras to identify the main privacy protection mechanisms, as well as suggest possible enhancements to their security.