nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal design of tests for heat exchanger fouling identification

Particulate fouling in plate fin heat exchangers of aircraft environmental control systems is a recurring issue in environments rich in foreign object debris. Heat exchanger fouling detection, in terms of quantification of its severity, is critical for aircraft maintenance scheduling and safe operation. In this work, we focus on methods for offline fouling detection during aircraft ground handling, where the allowable variability range of admissible inputs is wider. We explore methods of optimal experimental design to estimate heat exchanger inputs and input trajectories that maximize the identifiability of fouling. In particular, we present a methodology in which D optimality is used as a criterion for statistically significant inference of heat exchanger fouling in uncertain environments. The optimal tests are designed on the basis of a heat exchanger model of the inherent mass, energy and momentum balances, validated against literature data. The model is then used to infer sensitivities of the heat exchanger outputs with respect to fouling metrics and maximize them by manipulating input trajectories; thus enhancing the accuracy in quantifying the fouling extent. The proposed methodology is evaluated with statistical indices of the confidence in estimating thermal fouling resistance at uncertain operating conditions, explored in a series of case studies.
Design of a commercial aircraft environment control system using Bayesian optimization techniques

In this paper, we present the application of a recently developed algorithm for Bayesian multi objective optimization to the design of a commercial aircraft environment control system (ECS) In our model, the ECS is composed of two cross flow heat exchangers, a centrifugal compressor and a radial turbine, the geometries of which are simultaneously optimized to achieve minimal weight and entropy generation of the system. While both objectives impact the overall performance of the aircraft, they are shown to be antagonistic and a set of trade off design solutions is identified. The algorithm used for optimizing the system implements a Bayesian approach to the multi objective optimization problem in the presence of non linear constraints and the emphasis is on conducting the optimization using a limited number of system simulations. Noteworthy features of this particular application include a non hypercubic design domain and the presence of hidden constraints due to simulation failures.
Social identity and applicant attraction: Exploring the role of multiple levels of self

Applicant attraction is a critical objective of recruitment. Common predictor variables of applicant attraction are limited in that they do not provide a comprehensive understanding of the process that shapes the perceptions and beliefs of job applicants about the firms for which they aspire to work for. Because individuals have the inherent desire to expand and enhance their social identities (e.g. personal, relational, and collective identities) they are likely to be attracted to organizations that allow them to do so. Building on recent work on levels of self, our paper suggests that social identities mediate the relation between currently established predictor variables of applicant attraction (e.g. compensation, type of work, and organizational image) and important applicant attraction outcomes. Common predictor variables of applicant attraction can lead to the activation, evaluation, and identification processes described by social identity theory. A theoretical framework is presented that illustrates the mediating influence of social identity on the relations between common predictor variables and applicant attraction outcomes. This framework may lead to more effective recruitment strategies.
Do Socially Responsible Investment Policies Add or Destroy European Stock Portfolio Value?

Using a new dataset of environmental, social, and corporate governance company ratings for the European market, this article examines whether socially responsible stock selection adds or destroys value in terms of portfolio performance. From 2004 to 2012, we find the following: (i) Negative screens excluding unrated stocks from a representative European stock universe allow investors to significantly outperform a passive investment in a diversified European stock benchmark portfolio. (ii) Additional negative screens based on environmental and social scores neither add nor destroy portfolio value, when cut off rates are not too high. In contrast, governance screens can significantly increase portfolio performance under similar conditions. Thus, investors in the European stock market can do (financially) well while doing (socially) good. (iii) Because of a loss of diversification, positive screens can cause portfolios to underperform the benchmark. This implies that investors should concentrate on eliminating the worst firms. (iv) Our results are robust along several dimensions, namely, choice of performance measure, time, test parametrisation, portfolio weighting scheme, approximation of the risk free rate, and consideration of transaction costs.
Actionable Stock Portfolio Mining by Using Genetic Algorithms
Venue: J. Inf. Sci. Eng.

Financial markets have many financial instruments and derivatives, including stocks, futures, and options. Investors thus have many choices when creating a portfolio. For stock portfolio selection, many approaches that focus on optimizing the weights of assets using evolutionary algorithms have been proposed. Since investors may have various requests, an approach that takes these requests into consideration is needed. Based on the domain driven data mining concept, this paper proposes a domain driven stock portfolio optimization approach that can satisfy an investor's requests for mining an actionable stock portfolio. A set of stocks are first encoded into a chromosome. Two real numbers that represent whether to buy a stock and the number of purchased units, respectively, are utilized to represent each stock. In the fitness evaluation, each chromosome is evaluated in terms of the investor's objective and subjective interestingness. Objective interestingness includes return on investment and value at risk. Subjective interestingness contains a portfolio penalty and an investment capital penalty, which reflect the satisfactions of the investor's requests. Experiments on real datasets are conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Using grouping genetic algorithm to mine diverse group stock portfolio
Venue: 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)

In this paper, to increase the diversity of stock portfolios, the diverse group stock portfolio mining algorithm is proposed based on the grouping genetic algorithm. Each chromosome is represented by grouping part, stock part and stock portfolio part. The fitness function that consists of portfolio satisfaction, group balance and diversity factor is designed to evaluate quality of chromosomes. The diversity factor is used to make the numbers of stock categories in groups as similar as possible. The genetic operations are then executed on population to generate offspring for finding a near optimal group stock portfolio. Finally, experiments on a real financial data were made to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Responses to Familiar and Unfamiliar Humans by Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Pacific White Sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) A Replication and Extension

Author(s) Hill, Heather M. Yeater, Deirdre; Gallup, Sarah; Guarino, Sara; Lacy, Steve; Dees, Tricia; Kuczaj, Stan Abstract: Previous research has documented that cetaceans can discriminate between humans, but the process used to categorize humans still remains unclear. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous work on the discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar humans by three species of cetaceans. The current study manipulated the familiarity and activity level of humans presented to 12 belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) housed between two facilities, five bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and six Pacific white sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) during free swim conditions. Two measures of discrimination were coded from video recordings of each trial: lateralized visual processing and gaze duration. No clear lateralization effects emerged at the species level, primarily due to extensive individual variability. The results also indicated that activity level influenced gaze durations across species, and for some individuals, the interaction between human familiarity and activity level influenced gaze durations and eye preferences. Unexpectedly, bottlenose dolphins had longer gaze durations for familiar humans whereas belugas and Pacific white sided dolphins had longer gaze durations for unfamiliar humans. All three groups displayed longer gaze durations for active humans as compared to neutral humans, and belugas and bottlenose dolphins had significantly longer gaze durations than Pacific white sided dolphins. These results indicate that the cetaceans can discriminate between unfamiliar and familiar humans and preferred active humans. However, discrimination of humans via lateralized visual processing did not appear at the group level, but rather at the individual level which countered previous research. This study is discussed within the contexts of attention and individual differences across animals of different species.
Daily salivary cortisol levels in response to stress factors in captive common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) a potential welfare indicator
Venue: Veterinary Record

DOLPHINS in a captive setting can be occasionally subjected to a variety of potentially stressful situations. The stress response comprises a variety of biological reactions to internal or external stimuli elicited when an individual perceives (real or not) a threat to its homoeostasis (Moberg and Mench 2000) The stress response is a complex interplay of behavioural and physiological strategies to cope with changes in the environment (Tsigos and Chrousos 2002, Sheriff and others 2011) Noise can act as a stressor to dolphins because cetaceans rely heavily on sound for many important life functions. This reliance on sound means it is quite likely that exposure to noise will have some detrimental effects on these life functions (Wright and others 2007) Observed effects of noise on marine mammals include: changes in vocalisations, respiration, swim speed, diving and foraging behaviour; displacement; avoidance; shifts in migration path; stress; hearing damage and strandings, but responses of marine mammals to noise can often be subtle and barely detectable (Weilgart 2007) If there is no obvious change in behaviour, stress is difficult to assess in dolphins, both individually and as a group. In order to detect the presence of stress responses in these situations, the endocrine response to stressors is assessed evaluating the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity in dolphins and other cetaceans (Wright and others 2007, Amaral 2010) The HPA axis is a key element of the stress response and, when activated, the resultant hormonal cascade increases the levels of glucocorticoids (GCs)
Diagnostic Value of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Solitary Thyroid Nodules

The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Thirty five patients with morphologically proved thyroid nodules (17 malignant; 18 benign) underwent CEUS examination. Five enhancement patterns were evaluated: vascularisation, homogeneity, presence of peripheral rim type enhancement, wash out rate of the contrast medium, and enhancement using microvascular imaging application. Time intensity curves (TIC) were analysed in post processing and defined as three types: slow versus rapid and stable versus rapid biphasic wash out. Diagnostic value of the listed CEUS parameters was calculated. The results showed medium strength correlation between morphology (benign versus malignant nodule) and type of TIC curve rs 0.38 (p 0.021) as well as between mode of contrast enhancement rs 0.39 (p 0.022) and wash out pattern rs =0.39 (p 0.024) The overall pooled sensitivity of selected diagnostic parameters was 82% specificity 57% and accuracy 70% Malignant nodules were characterised by iso or hypovascular contrast enhancement and slow wash out, while benign nodules showed hypervascular enhancement with rapid wash out TIC curve and rim like pattern. The CEUS patterns significantly differed between malignant and benign thyroid nodules with high diagnostic accuracy. Thus, CEUS has important clinical value as an additional tool to ultrasound and fine needle biopsy.
Significant differences in femoral torsion values depending on the CT measurement technique
Venue: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery

IntroductionThis study compared the feasibility of six different CT based measurement techniques for establishing an indication for derotational osteotomy in the cases of patellar instability or femoral fracture.Materials and methodsCT scans of 52 single human cadaver femora were measured using six different torsion measurement techniques (described by Waidelich, Murphy, and Yoshioka on transverse images and Hernandez, Jarrett, and Yoshioka on oblique images) All measurements were performed by four observers twice to assess intraobserver and interobserver agreement. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsSignificant differences (P 0.001) between the values for femoral torsion were observed with all techniques except Yoshioka's techniques on transverse and oblique slices (P 1.000) (transverse images: Waidelich 22.4deg 6.8deg, Murphy 17.5deg 7.0deg, Yoshioka 13.4deg 6.9deg; oblique images: Hernandez 11.4deg 7.4deg, Jarrett 14.9deg 7.5deg, Yoshioka oblique 13.4deg 7.1deg) Intraobserver and interobserver agreement showed a high level of reproducibility (ICC 0.877 0.986; mean 0.8deg 2.9deg) for all techniques, with the greatest difference being observed with Hernandez's technique (11.4deg/10deg).ConclusionsFemoral torsion values depend on the measurement technique. When derotational osteotomy is being considered, it is essential to use different threshold values depending on the measurement technique.
Reliability of new three dimensional ultrasound technique for pelvic hiatal area measurement
Venue: Ultrasound in obstetrics gynecology the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

To assess the reproducibility of a new technique for three /four dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: OmniView(tm) volume contrast imaging (VCI) for measurement of the pelvic hiatal area on maximum contraction and Valsalva maneuver. In addition, we aimed to study the intermethod agreement between the new technique and the 3D/4D render method.
Exploring associations between resilience and construction safety performance in safety networks

Safety management plays a major role in construction as negligence may result in loss of lives and detrimental project consequences. The Middle East witnesses poor safety management where companies need to improve their performance instead of hiding their deficiencies. This study aims at evaluating safety performance and network resilience to risks by studying safety related interactions among the construction team. Safety on three mega projects is evaluated by analyzing their respective networks for communication and safety management and mapping them using Gephi. Using Social Network Analysis (SNA) visualizations and various metrics were computed revealing network characteristics and communication patterns. Resilience metrics were measured using actual safety performance data and overall network resilience was simulated through agent based modeling using NetLogo. Results and correlations show that networks with better interaction and structure have higher resilience to prevalent risks and have better actual safety performance.
Symmetrical Doherty Power Amplifier With Extended Efficiency Range
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

A symmetrical Doherty power amplifier (PA) with an extended efficiency range is proposed. This paper proves the existence of a class of symmetrical Doherty PAs having efficiency peaks for back off levels larger than 6 dB. A design technique is developed that maintains the full voltage and current swings of both the main and auxiliary transistors. The concept is experimentally verified in a 1.95 GHz 25 W circuit demonstrator fabricated using identical GaN HEMT devices. An average power added efficiency of 50% and adjacent power leakage ratio of 49 dBc is obtained with 9 dB peak to average power ratio 20 MHz long term evolution test signals.
Experimental investigation and analysis of factors influencing delamination and surface roughness of hybrid GFRP laminates using Taguchi technique

The paper aims to develop a mathematical model for delamination and surface roughness during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut, helix angle and feed rate) influence the output response (delamination and surface roughness) in machining of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP; Abaca and Glass) composite using solid carbide end mill cutter.  Four factor, three level Taguchi orthogonal array design in RSM is used to carry out the experimental investigation. The "Design Expert 8.0" is used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter.  The feed rate is the cutting parameter which has greater influence on delamination (88.39 per cent) and cutting speed is the cutting parameter which has greater influence on surface roughness (53.42 per cent) for hybrid GFRP composite materials. Both surface roughness and delamination increase as feed rate increases, which means that the composite damage is larger for higher feed rates.  Effect of milling of hybrid GFRP composite on delamination and surface roughness with various helix angles of solid carbide end mill has not been analysed yet using RSM.
Joint Line Segmentation and Transcription for End to End Handwritten Paragraph Recognition
Venue: NIPS

Offline handwriting recognition systems require cropped text line images for both training and recognition. On the one hand, the annotation of position and transcript at line level is costly to obtain. On the other hand, automatic line segmentation algorithms are prone to errors, compromising the subsequent recognition. In this paper, we propose a modification of the popular and efficient multi dimensional long short term memory recurrent neural networks (MDLSTM RNNs) to enable end to end processing of handwritten paragraphs. More particularly, we replace the collapse layer transforming the two dimensional representation into a sequence of predictions by a recurrent version which can recognize one line at a time. In the proposed model, a neural network performs a kind of implicit line segmentation by computing attention weights on the image representation. The experiments on paragraphs of Rimes and IAM database yield results that are competitive with those of networks trained at line level, and constitute a significant step towards end to end transcription of full documents.
The Virtues of Scientific Practice: MacIntyre, Virtue Ethics, and the Historiography of Science
Venue: Isis

"Practice" has become a ubiquitous term in the history of science, and yet historians have not always reflected on its philosophical import and in particular on its potential connections with ethics. This essay draws on the work of the virtue ethicist Alasdair MacIntyre to develop a theory of "communal practices" and explore how such an approach can inform the history of science, including allegations about the corruption of science by wealth or power, consideration of scientific ethics or "moral economies," the role of values in science, the ethical distinctiveness (or not) of scientific vocations, and the relationship between history of science and the practice of science itself.
Irrigation salinity hazard assessment and risk mapping in the lower Macintyre Valley, Australia.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

In the Murray Darling Basin of Australia, secondary soil salinization occurs due to excessive deep drainage and the presence of shallow saline water tables. In order to understand the cause and best management, soil and vadose zone information is necessary. This type of information has been generated in the Toobeah district but owing to the state border an inconsistent methodology was used. This has led to much confusion from stakeholders who are unable to understand the ambiguity of the results in terms of final overall risk of salinization. In this research, a digital soil mapping method that employs various ancillary data is presented. Firstly, an electromagnetic induction survey using a Geonics EM34 and EM38 was used to characterise soil and vadose zone stratigraphy. From the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) collected, soil sampling locations were selected and with laboratory analysis carried out to determine average (2 12m) clay and EC of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe) EM34 ECa, land surface parameters derived from a digital elevation model and measured soil data were used to establish multiple linear regression models, which allowed for mapping of various hazard factors, including clay and ECe. EM38 ECa data were calibrated to deep drainage obtained from Salt and Leaching Fraction (SaLF) modelling of soil data. Expert knowledge and indicator kriging were used to determine critical values where the salinity hazard factors were likely to contribute to a shallow saline water table (i.e. clay =35% ECe>2.5dS/m, and deep drainage >100mm/year) This information was combined to produce an overall salinity risk map for the Toobeah district using indicator kriging. The risk map shows potential salinization areas and where detailed information is required and where targeted research can be conducted to monitor soil conditions and water table heights and determine best management strategies.