nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on the performance of natural draft dry, pre cooled and wet cooling towers

Most geothermal and concentrated solar thermal (CST) power plants are dry cooling due to the lack of water sources. Unfortunately, the performance of dry cooling is particularly reduced when the ambient air is hot, which is because dry cooling relies mainly on convective heat transfer to reject heat from the working fluid rather than water evaporation as is in wet cooling systems. This is even worse for natural draft cooling towers as their air flow is created by means of buoyancy effects due to the difference in air density between the inside and outside of the towers. The heat rejection capacity of natural draft dry cooling towers is significantly reduced at high ambient temperatures because the driving buoyancy force is small, resulting in small air flow through the cooling towers. To offset the low performance of dry cooling, pre cooled cooling systems which combine dry and wet cooling are proposed. The wet cooling system only operates at high ambient temperatures to assist dry cooling. This paper is to investigate the variations in annual performance of three proposed natural draft cooling towers, i.e. a Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower (NDDCT) a pre cooled NDDCT and a Natural Draft Wet Cooling Tower (NDWCT) The water consumption of the pre cooled NDDCT is compared with that of the NDWCT. The present study finds that: the performances of the NDDCT, the pre cooled NDDCT and the NDWCT are significantly affected by the ambient conditions in operation; the NDWCT provides the highest heat rejection rate, followed by the pre cooled NDDCT and the NDDCT; the pre cooling enhancement can go up to 46% by increasing the NDDCT heat rejection rate from 93 MW to 136 MW in the hottest month. The use of the pre cooling system is season dependent (usually for hot summers) the pre cooled NDDCT consumes 70% less water for every MW heat rejection than the NDWCT.
Achieving near water cooled power plant performance with air cooled condensers

Power plants using air cooled condensers suffer a 5 10% plant level efficiency penalty compared to plants with once through cooling systems or wet cooling towers. In this study, a model of a representative air cooled condenser (ACC) system is developed to explore the potential to mitigate this penalty through techniques that reduce the air side thermal resistance, and by raising the air mass flow rate. The ACC unit model is coupled to a representative baseload steam cycle power plant model. It is found that water cooled power plant efficiency levels can be approached by using enhanced ACCs with a combination of significantly increased air flow rates +68% reduced air side thermal resistances 66% and air side pressure losses near conventional levels +24% Emerging heat transfer enhancement technologies are evaluated for the potential to meet these performance objectives. The impact of ambient conditions on ACC operation is also examined, and two hybrid wet/dry cooling system technologies are explored to improve performance at high ambient temperatures. Results from this investigation provide guidance for the adoption and enhancement of air cooled condensers in power plants.
Guanosine Protects Against Traumatic Brain Injury Induced Functional Impairments and Neuronal Loss by Modulating Excitotoxicity, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Inflammation
Venue: Molecular Neurobiology

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common types of brain injuries that cause death or persistent neurological disturbances in survivors. Most of the promising experimental drugs were not effective in clinical trials; therefore, the development of TBI drugs represents a huge unmet need. Guanosine, an endogenous neuroprotective nucleoside, has not been evaluated in TBI to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of guanosine on TBI induced neurological damage. Our findings showed that a single dose of guanosine (7.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p. injected 40 min after fluid percussion injury (FPI) in rats protected against locomotor and exploratory impairments 8 h after injury. The treatment also protected against neurochemical damage to the ipsilateral cortex, glutamate uptake, Na+/K+ ATPase, glutamine synthetase activity, and alterations in mitochondrial function. The inflammatory response and brain edema were also reduced by this nucleoside. In addition, guanosine protected against neuronal death and caspase 3 activation. Therefore, this study suggests that guanosine plays a neuroprotective role in TBI and can be exploited as a new pharmacological strategy.
Designing solid optical sensors for in situ passive discrimination of volatile amines based on a new one step hydrophilic PDMS preparation

We reported an optimal material for embedding chemoresponsive dyes based on modified commercial PDMS. A new approach to impart hydrophilicity to H PDMS in an unique step was developed by addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and in absence of basic or acid aqueous mixtures or hydroxyl compounds during the PDMS coating process. This incorporation significantly enhances the performance of PDMS based devices for sensing applications. New colorimetric sensors for passive detection and in situ discrimination of volatile amines have been obtained. The limit of detection achieved was 1.5 mg m 3 for both, dimethylamine and methylamine, suitable to control real working atmospheres. This work has been supported by a PATENT P201300436 (Campins Falco et al.
Point plane SLAM based on line based plane segmentation approach
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO)

This paper presents a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system using point and plane features for RGB D type sensor. To achieve a fast plane segmentation, a novel plane segmentation approach based on line primitives using range image is proposed. Due to the limitation of RGB D sensor, global plane map usually contains reduplicate landmarks. A refinement step is designed to merge reduplicate plane landmarks for better mapping performance. Experimental results with dataset and hand held RGB D sensor validate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed SLAM system.
3D indoor modeling using a hand held embedded system with multiple laser range scanners
Venue: Other Conferences

Accurate three dimensional perception is a key technology for many engineering applications, including mobile mapping, obstacle detection and virtual reality. In this article, we present a hand held embedded system designed for constructing 3D representation of structured indoor environments. Different from traditional vehicle borne mobile mapping methods, the system presented here is capable of efficiently acquiring 3D data while an operator carrying the device traverses through the site. It consists of a simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) module, a 3D attitude estimate module and a point cloud processing module. The SLAM is based on a scan matching approach using a modern LIDAR system, and the 3D attitude estimate is generated by a navigation filter using inertial sensors. The hardware comprises three 2D time flight laser range finders and an inertial measurement unit(IMU) All the sensors are rigidly mounted on a body frame. The algorithms are developed on the frame of robot operating system(ROS) The 3D model is constructed using the point cloud library(PCL) Multiple datasets have shown robust performance of the presented system in indoor scenarios.
3D indoor modeling using a hand held embedded system with multiple laser range scanners

Accurate three dimensional perception is a key technology for many engineering applications, including mobile mapping, obstacle detection and virtual reality. In this article, we present a hand held embedded system designed for constructing 3D representation of structured indoor environments. Different from traditional vehicle borne mobile mapping methods, the system presented here is capable of efficiently acquiring 3D data while an operator carrying the device traverses through the site. It consists of a simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) module, a 3D attitude estimate module and a point cloud processing module. The SLAM is based on a scan matching approach using a modern LIDAR system, and the 3D attitude estimate is generated by a navigation filter using inertial sensors. The hardware comprises three 2D time flight laser range finders and an inertial measurement unit(IMU) All the sensors are rigidly mounted on a body frame. The algorithms are developed on the frame of robot operating system(ROS) The 3D model is constructed using the point cloud library(PCL) Multiple datasets have shown robust performance of the presented system in indoor scenarios.
Elderly People and Their Use of Smart Technologies: Benefits and Limitations

Currently, there is a rising number of elderly people worldwide. By 2020 the percentage of elderly people aged 60+ years should reach 30 out of the total number of population living in the developed European countries This aging process, however, results in new economic and social issues Therefore there is constant effort to prolong and maintain the active age of these elderly people, who want to lead active, fulfilling and quality life in terms of inclusion, socialization and independence. This can be achieved not only by a continuous support from their family members, but also with the help of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) which can assist elderly people in this process. The purpose of this article is to explore benefits and limitations of using ICT, particularly the smart ones, by the elderly people. In addition, the author of this study emphasizes the importance of appropriate training about the benefits of smart technologies.
The use of smart watches to monitor heart rates in elderly people: A complementary approach
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)

Heart failure is a significant concern for elderly people. Serious problems can result if elderly people do not take appropriate action to prevent medical issues. As a solution, smart watches can be used to monitor heart rate. These devices can also allow families, relatives, friends and health care providers to visualise the heart rate data via a smartphone application or online website. Smart watches have limited functionality, and experiments were conducted to test the functionality they provide to elderly persons, including heart rate monitoring. The results show that there is currently no proactive action that can be taken when an abnormal heart rate occurs. This paper proposes a complementary approach using a knowledge based system with rule based reasoning to improve and enhance the services delivered by smart watches used to monitor heart rates.
Imposing higher level Structure in Polyphonic Music Generation using Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machines and Constraints
Venue: ArXiv

We introduce a method for imposing higher level structure on generated, polyphonic music. A Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (C RBM) as a generative model is combined with gradient descent constraint optimisation to provide further control over the generation process. Among other things, this allows for the use of a "template" piece, from which some structural properties can be extracted, and transferred as constraints to the newly generated material. The sampling process is guided with Simulated Annealing to avoid local optima, and to find solutions that both satisfy the constraints, and are relatively stable with respect to the C RBM. Results show that with this approach it is possible to control the higher level self similarity structure, the meter, and the tonal properties of the resulting musical piece, while preserving its local musical coherence.
Statistical and Methodological Considerations for the Interpretation of Intranasal Oxytocin Studies
Venue: Biological Psychiatry

Over the last decade, oxytocin (OT) has received focus in numerous studies associating intranasal administration of this peptide with various aspects of human social behavior. These studies in humans are inspired by animal research, especially in rodents, showing that central manipulations of the OT system affect behavioral phenotypes related to social cognition, including parental behavior, social bonding, and individual recognition. Taken together, these studies in humans appear to provide compelling, but sometimes bewildering, evidence for the role of OT in influencing a vast array of complex social cognitive processes in humans. In this article, we investigate to what extent the human intranasal OT literature lends support to the hypothesis that intranasal OT consistently influences a wide spectrum of social behavior in humans. We do this by considering statistical features of studies within this field, including factors like statistical power, prestudy odds, and bias. Our conclusion is that intranasal OT studies are generally underpowered and that there is a high probability that most of the published intranasal OT findings do not represent true effects. Thus, the remarkable reports that intranasal OT influences a large number of human social behaviors should be viewed with healthy skepticism, and we make recommendations to improve the reliability of human OT studies in the future.
Low dose intranasal oxytocin delivered with Breath Powered device dampens amygdala response to emotional stimuli: A peripheral effect controlled within subjects randomized dose response fMRI trial
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology

It is unclear if and how exogenous oxytocin (OT) reaches the brain to improve social behavior and cognition and what is the optimal dose for OT response. To better understand the delivery routes of intranasal OT administration to the brain and the dose response, we compared amygdala response to facial stimuli by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in four treatment conditions, including two different doses of intranasal OT using a novel Breath Powered device, intravenous (IV) OT, which provided similar concentrations of blood plasma OT, and placebo. We adopted a randomized, double blind, double dummy, crossover design, with 16 healthy male adults administering a single dose of these four treatments. We observed a treatment effect on right amygdala activation during the processing of angry and happy face stimuli, with pairwise comparisons revealing reduced activation after the 8IU low dose intranasal treatment compared to placebo. These data suggest the dampening of amygdala activity in response to emotional stimuli occurs via direct intranasal delivery pathways rather than across the blood brain barrier via systemically circulating OT.
Incorporating Antiracism Coursework into a Cultural Competency Curriculum.
Venue: Journal of midwifery women's health

Creating a socially conscious educational environment is an imperative if health care practitioners are to have a significant impact on health inequities. The effects of practitioner bias, prejudice, and discrimination on health and health outcomes have been well documented in the literature. Individuals being trained to provide health care will be entering into an increasingly diverse world and must be equipped with the appropriate knowledge and skills in order to meet the needs of those seeking their care. Cultural competency training in medical education has evolved over the past 15 years since the Institute of Medicine's 2002 report, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. As research on the effectiveness of this training has emerged, several authors have called for the integration of antiracism training into the cultural competency curriculum, but few have found effective ways of doing so. This article describes the approach of one midwifery program in order to inform clinical education programs across the spectrum of health care practitioners.
Comparative Analysis of Mobile 3D Scanning Technologies for Design, Manufacture of Interior and Exterior Tensile MaterialStructures and Canvasman Ltd. Case Study

This report aimed to investigate mobile 3D Scanning technologies to improve the 3D data capture and efficiency into Canvasman's CAD design and manufacturing processes with focus on accurate resolution. The Santander funded Collaborative Venture Fund (CVF) project has provided research, survey data, evaluation and analysis for Canvasman Ltd. on 3D portable scanning hardware and software. The project solutions recommended in this report offers impartial product information on the current appropriate 3D scanning technology that potentially could improve efficiency of data capturing, design and manufacture of interior and exterior spaces, boats, vehicles and other similar constructions for creating and installing flexible coverings and indoor and outdoor structures.
Project Management Office Models A Review

Organizations are facing competitive and globalized markets, as well as constant environmental changes that often require an organizational restructuring of the business models in order to boost performance. Project management practices can help to achieve strategic goals and increase value of projects in organizations. The Project Management Office (PMO) is an organizational structure created in order to promote and improve project management practice, by adopting appropriate methodologies to achieve high levels of efficiency and effectiveness. In recent years several models and functions of PMO have been proposed by many authors, varying from the PMO with a sole function of reporting project execution, to the one who participates in the definition of organizational strategies. The main purpose of this article is to present a review of the typologies of PMO. Since the importance of PMO is increasing in organizations, the results of this work are useful to provide guidance to organizations on implementing or restructuring their own PMO.
Long term (2002 2014) evolution and trend in Collection 5.1 Level 2 aerosol products derived from the MODIS and MISR sensors over the Chinese Yangtze River Delta

The present study aims to investigate spatio temporal evolution and trend in the aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth, AOD; Angstrom exponent, AE) qualitatively identify different types and origin of aerosols over an urban city, Nanjing in the Yangtze River Delta, East China. For this purpose, the Collection 5.1 Level 2 data obtained from the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard Terra and Aqua satellites and the Multi angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) instrument for the period between 2002 and 2014 have been analyzed. An inter comparison and validation of AOD were performed against the AOD measurements obtained from the ground based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sunphotometer. The MODIS AOD 550 exhibited wide spatial and temporal distributions over East China, while MISR AOD 555 was consistently lower than that of Terra and Aqua AOD 550 values. The temporal variations (monthly and seasonal mean) of MODIS (Terra and Aqua) and MISR AOD values exhibited a similar pattern. The seasonal mean AOD 550 (AE 470 660 was found to be maximum with 0.97 0.48 during summer (1.16 0.33 in summer) and a minimum of 0.61 0.28 during the winter season (0.80 0.28 in spring) The annual mean Terra AOD 550 at Nanjing showed a strong decreasing trend 0.70% year 1 while the Aqua exhibited a slight increasing trend 0.01 year 1 during the study period. Seasonal air mass back trajectories obtained from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model were also computed to infer on the transport component over the study region. Different aerosol types were identified via the relationship between AOD 550 and fine mode fraction, which reveals that the biomass burning/urban industrial type aerosols (desert dust) are abundant over the region in summer (spring) apart from the mixed aerosol type.
A feature representation learning method for temporal datasets
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)

Predictive modeling of future health states can greatly contribute to more effective health care. Healthcare professionals can for example act in a more proactive way or predictions can drive more automated ways of therapy. However, the task is very challenging. Future developments likely depend on observations in the (recent) past, but how can we capture this history in features to generate accurate predictive models? And what length of history should we consider? We propose a framework that is able to generate patient tailored features from observations of the recent history that maximize predictive performance. For a case study in the domain of depression we find that using this method new data representations can be generated that increase the predictive performance significantly.
Food safety concerns in urban China: Consumer preferences for pig process attributes

This study examines Chinese urban consumers' preferences for pig process attributes related to food safety. A consumer survey was conducted on 479 participants randomly selected in the cities of Nanjing, Chengdu, Wuhan, Changchun, Beijing and Guangzhou. The field survey was restricted to two kinds of retailing: supermarkets and local markets. The questionnaire included a contingent experiment to evaluate five different attributes of pig production processes, including food safety effort, stocking density as proxies of animal welfare, meat taste, origin of breeds and quality. Through a panel mixed logit model we found that respondents were highly sensitive to food safety albeit with heterogeneous preferences. Such heterogeneity is partially explained by socio demographic variables. Our study suggests that very poor families living in smaller cities are those most concerned about food safety in urban China.
Using the integrative model of behavioral prediction and censored quantile regression to explain consumers' revealed preferences for food safety: Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya

Despite having poor hygiene and sanitation, and with rising concerns about food safety from production to handling, traditional food markets remain a significant point of purchase in the developing world. However, it remains unclear how consumers arrive at their valuation of food quality attributes. This study examined the determinants of actual behavior to upgrade to safety and hygiene enhanced fresh produce. More specifically, the integrative model of behavioral prediction was adapted with internal factors to identify determinants of real payments elicited with the Becker DeGroot Marschak mechanism. A field experiment n 147) was conducted with consumers of kale Brassica oleracea at a traditional peri urban market in Nairobi, Kenya. Partial least squares path modeling and censored quantile regression analysis were used to detect different structural relationships between the set of the determinants and real payments along the range of auction prices. The results show that among consumers with low valuations, payments were reduced by salience, but increased by social anxiety and trust. In addition, trust helped to increase payments around the median bids. Among consumers with higher valuations, payments were increased by salience. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating a non linear setting when analyzing the influence of salience and social evaluation on auction bids. These asymmetrical structural relationships have important implications for the design and validity of monetary valuations and field auction experiments involving measurement of real payments for food product attributes.