nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Age Related Differences in Lexical Access Relate to Speech Recognition in Noise
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Vocabulary size has been suggested as a useful measure of "verbal abilities" that correlates with speech recognition scores. Knowing more words is linked to better speech recognition. How vocabulary knowledge translates to general speech recognition mechanisms, how these mechanisms relate to offline speech recognition scores, and how they may be modulated by acoustical distortion or age, is less clear. Age related differences in linguistic measures may predict age related differences in speech recognition in noise performance. We hypothesized that speech recognition performance can be predicted by the efficiency of lexical access, which refers to the speed with which a given word can be searched and accessed relative to the size of the mental lexicon. We tested speech recognition in a clinical German sentence in noise test at two signal to noise ratios (SNRs) in 22 younger (18 35 years) and 22 older (60 78 years) listeners with normal hearing. We also assessed receptive vocabulary, lexical access time, verbal working memory, and hearing thresholds as measures of individual differences. Age group, SNR level, vocabulary size, and lexical access time were significant predictors of individual speech recognition scores, but working memory and hearing threshold were not. Interestingly, longer accessing times were correlated with better speech recognition scores. Hierarchical regression models for each subset of age group and SNR showed very similar patterns: the combination of vocabulary size and lexical access time contributed most to speech recognition performance; only for the younger group at the better SNR (yielding about 85% correct speech recognition) did vocabulary size alone predict performance. Our data suggest that successful speech recognition in noise is mainly modulated by the efficiency of lexical access. This suggests that older adults' poorer performance in the speech recognition task may have arisen from reduced efficiency in lexical access; with an average vocabulary size similar to that of younger adults, they were still slower in lexical access.
The Timing and Effort of Lexical Access in Natural and Degraded Speech
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Understanding speech is effortless in ideal situations, and although adverse conditions, such as caused by hearing impairment, often render it an effortful task, they do not necessarily suspend speech comprehension. A prime example of this is speech perception by cochlear implant users, whose hearing prostheses transmit speech as a significantly degraded signal. It is yet unknown how mechanisms of speech processing deal with such degraded signals, and whether they are affected by effortful processing of speech. This paper compares the automatic process of lexical competition between natural and degraded speech, and combines gaze fixations, which capture the course of lexical disambiguation, with pupillometry, which quantifies the mental effort involved in processing speech. Listeners' ocular responses were recorded during disambiguation of lexical embeddings with matching and mismatching durational cues. Durational cues were selected due to their substantial role in listeners' quick limitation of the number of lexical candidates for lexical access in natural speech. Results showed that lexical competition increased mental effort in processing natural stimuli in particular in presence of mismatching cues. Signal degradation reduced listeners' ability to quickly integrate durational cues in lexical selection, and delayed and prolonged lexical competition. The effort of processing degraded speech was increased overall, and because it had its sources at the pre lexical level this effect can be attributed to listening to degraded speech rather than to lexical disambiguation. In sum, the course of lexical competition was largely comparable for natural and degraded speech, but showed crucial shifts in timing, and different sources of increased mental effort. We argue that well timed progress of information from sensory to pre lexical and lexical stages of processing, which is the result of perceptual adaptation during speech development, is the reason why in ideal situations speech is perceived as an undemanding task. Degradation of the signal or the receiver channel can quickly bring this well adjusted timing out of balance and lead to increase in mental effort. Incomplete and effortful processing at the early pre lexical stages has its consequences on lexical processing as it adds uncertainty to the forming and revising of lexical hypotheses.
Lexical access across talkers

The current paper examined whether lexical access might (ever) cross talker boundaries. In four cross modal priming experiments, listeners made visual lexical decisions after hearing an auditory word or word pair. On some trials, the auditory signal was produced by a single talker; on other trials, a talker gender change occurred in the middle of the auditory sequence. Participants demonstrated priming for items crossing both word boundaries and talker changes: after hearing a male talker say my and a female talker say great, participants showed a speeded response to "geese" (related to "migrate" Priming was based on the combination of syllables across talkers, not driven simply by the first word. Findings suggest that acoustic cues indicating multiple talkers are insufficient to disrupt lexical access, and activation of lexical representations is not limited to those occurring within a single talker stream. This provides support for models that do not involve explicit pre lexical segmentation.
When the Nation is in crisis: libraries respond

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the role of libraries as community institutions by reflecting on the experience of the Ferguson Municipal Public Library (FMPL) Missouri, USA, during the time of social unrest in the summer of 2014. The research explores the traditional and non traditional roles of libraries during times of social unrest while focusing on relevant areas of crisis management preparedness and competencies necessary during crisis.  The study adopts a qualitative approach in investigating the research problem and uses the case study method to collect relevant data.  This paper reports on the experience of the FMPL staff during this time. Their experience of what happened, how they dealt with it, and what their expectations were after the crisis are all documented.  Several scholars have studied how public libraries respond to disasters, yet little is known about whether public libraries proactively engage in community wide disaster planning, and if so, what is the nature of those partnerships.
Sensitivity analysis of offshore wind farm operation and maintenance cost and availability

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs are estimated to account for 14% 30% of total Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) project lifecycle expenditure according to a range of studies. In this respect, identifying factors affecting operational costs and availability are vital for wind farm operators to achieve the most profitable decisions. Many OWFs are built in stages and the important factors may not be consistent for the different phases. To address this issue, three OWF case studies are defined to represent two phases and a complete project. An initial qualitative screening sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the most important factors of O&M affecting operating cost and availability. The study concluded that the important factors for total O&M cost were access and repair costs along with failure rates for both minor and major repairs. For time based availability, the important factors identified were those related to the length of time conducting the maintenance tasks, i.e. the operation duration and the working day length. It was found that the two stages had similar results, but these were different compared to the complete project. In this case, the results provide valuable information to OWF operators during the project development and decision making process.
Detection of electrical defects with SEMVision in semiconductor production mode manufacturing
Venue: 2016 27th Annual SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference (ASMC)

In the semiconductor manufacturing process, defects often occur due to a marginal process window that affects the lithography and etch processes. These defects can result in bridging patterns and overlay issues, which consequently cause electrical shorts and partially etched interconnects producing electrical opens. SEM tools are typically used to review electrical failures through voltage contrast techniques. Manufacturers who fabricate with older process technology nodes often times need to use their tool sets more efficiently. This paper demonstrates an application of conventional SEM review with image to golden reference image inspection capabilities in Automatic Process Inspection (API) mode to perform electrical inspections of die features. This paper, a collaborative effort between Applied Materials and Microchip Technology Inc. details how to use a SEM review tool to detect systematic electrical defects. This methodology can prove beneficial while monitoring and developing patterning techniques for a specific design rule. This is done by catching electrical shorts and opens that are more visible at a lower resolution inspection while used in process monitoring. Outcomes of this effort show that conventional SEM review techniques have the capability to effectively and efficiently monitor the fabrication process. To develop this methodology, a SEM review was set up on known areas prone to process inconsistencies derived from features pushing the design rule. The SEM review was implemented in a production setting at process nodes between 100 to 200 nm. There are advantages and disadvantages with using e beam inspection tools. This paper demonstrates that by using a SEM review tool and selecting die locations for imaging that are more likely to fail electrically, SEMVision automatic review capabilities can be used more effectively and efficiently. The application developed may also be applied in fabrication facilities that have limited yield monitoring capacity.
Classification, mode of action and production strategy of xylanase and its application for biofuel production from water hyacinth.
Venue: International journal of biological macromolecules

Xylanases are classified under glycoside hydrolase families which represent one of the largest groups of commercial enzymes. Depolymerizing xylan molecules into monomeric pentose units involves the synergistic action of mainly two key enzymes which are endo b xylanase and b xylosidase. Xylanases are different with respect to their mode of action, substrate specificities, biochemical properties, 3D structure and are widely produced by a spectrum of bacteria and fungi. Currently, large scale production of xylanase can be produced through the application of genetic engineering tool which allow fast identification of novel xylanase genes and their genetic variations makes it an ideal enzymes. Due to depletion of fossil fuel, there is urgent need to find out environment friendly and sustainable energy sources. Therefore, utilisation of cheap lignocellulosic materials along with proper optimisation of process is most important for cost efficient ethanol production. Among, various types of lignocellulosic substances, water hyacinth, a noxious aquatic weed, has been found in many tropical. Therefore, the technological development for biofuel production from water hyacinth is becoming commercially worthwhile. In this review, the classification and mode of action of xylanase including genetic regulation and strategy for robust xylanase production have been critically discussed from recent reports. In addition various strategies for cost effective biofuel production from water hyacinth including chimeric proteins design has also been critically evaluated.
Stepping stone or stumbling block? Mode 2 knowledge production in sustainability science.
Venue: Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences

The concept of Mode 2 has often been seen as especially applicable to fields addressing grand challenges, such as climate change. Being a relatively new field interdisciplinary in its approach, and focused on addressing such issues sustainability science would appear to be a case in point. The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to explore the perceived relation between Mode 2 and sustainability science, and 2) to advance the discussion of Mode 2 from a philosophical perspective. To address these questions we focus on three characteristic features of Mode 2: the notion of a distinct, but evolving framework; boundary crossing; and a problem solving capacity "on the move" We report the results of a survey carried out amongst leading sustainability scientists. The survey gives insight into the scientists' perception of Mode 2, their perception of their own field of sustainability science and the relation between the two. The free text answers reveal a tension within the field of sustainability science: with developments both towards Mode 1 and Mode 2 science. We conclude that the implementation of inter and trans disciplinarity is challenged by institutional and conceptual factors alike.
Quantitative Analysis of Global Proteome and Lysine Acetylome Reveal the Differential Impacts of VPA and SAHA on HL60 Cells
Venue: Scientific reports

Valproic acid (VPA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) are both HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) Previous studies indicated that both inhibitors show therapeutic effects on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) while the differential impacts of the two different HDACi on AML treatment still remains elusive. In this study, using 3 plex SILAC based quantitative proteomics technique, anti acetyllysine antibody based affinity enrichment, high resolution LC MS/MS and intensive bioinformatic analysis, the quantitative proteome and acetylome in SAHA and VPA treated AML HL60 cells were extensively studied. In total, 5,775 proteins and 1,124 lysine acetylation sites were successfully obtained in response to VAP and SAHA treatment. It is found that VPA and SAHA treatment differently induced proteome and acetylome profiling in AML HL60 cells. This study revealed the differential impacts of VPA and SAHA on proteome/acetylome in AML cells, deepening our understanding of HDAC inhibitor mediated AML therapeutics.
4H Chromene based anticancer agents towards multi drug resistant HL60/MX2 human leukemia: SAR at the 4th and 6th positions.
Venue: Bioorganic medicinal chemistry

4H Chromene based compounds, for example, CXL017, CXL035, and CXL055, have a unique anticancer potential that they selectively kill multi drug resistant cancer cells. Reported herein is the extended structure activity relationship (SAR) study, focusing on the ester functional group at the 4th position and the conformation at the 6th position. Sharp SARs were observed at both positions with respect to cellular cytotoxic potency and selectivity between the parental HL60 and the multi drug resistant HL60/MX2 cells. These results provide critical guidance for future medicinal optimization.
Uncertainty analysis and flow measurements in an experimental mock up of a molten salt reactor concept

In the paper measurement results from the experimental modelling of a molten salt reactor concept will be presented along with detailed uncertainty analysis of the experimental system. Non intrusive flow measurements are carried out on the scaled and segmented mock up of a homogeneous, single region molten salt fast reactor concept. Uncertainty assessment of the particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement system applied with the scaled and segmented model is presented in detail. The analysis covers the error sources of the measurement system (laser, recording camera, etc. and the specific conditions (de warping of measurement planes) originating in the geometry of the investigated domain. Effect of sample size in the ensemble averaged PIV measurements is discussed as well. An additional two loop operation mode is also presented and the analysis of the measurement results confirm that without enhancement nominal and other operation conditions will lead to strong unfavourable separation in the core flow. It implies that use of internal flow distribution structures will be necessary for the optimisation of the core coolant flow. Preliminary CFD calculations are presented to help the design of a perforated plate located above the inlet region. The purpose of the perforated plate is to reduce recirculation near the cylindrical wall and enhance the uniformity of the core flow distribution.
Emotional Regulation and Revictimization in Women's Intimate Relationships
Venue: Journal of interpersonal violence

The aim of the current study was to test whether women's emotional regulation (ER) capacity moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and both adult intimate partner violence (IPV) and relationship quality. Female graduate students (N 425) either married or in a long term cohabitation, participated in an Internet based survey. Structural equation model (SEM) multiple group analysis was conducted to estimate whether the link between childhood abuse and marital outcomes varied across high and low levels of ER. The data showed that childhood abuse was associated with higher levels of IPV and lower marital quality. A high level of ER was found to buffer the association between child abuse and IPV. Among women with a low level of ER, childhood abuse had a stronger negative effect on relationship quality than for women with a high level of ER. ER is a protective factor against revictimization in intimate relationships.
Towards Addressing Unintended Environmental Consequences: A Planning Framework

Efforts to decouple environmental impacts and resource consumption have been confounded by interactions and feedback between technical economic, environmental and social aspects not considered prior to implementing improvement actions. This paper presents a planning framework that connects material flows and the socio economic drivers that result in changes in these flows, in order to reduce conflicts between localized gains and global losses. The framework emphasizes the need for (i) having different settings of system boundaries (broader and narrower) (ii) explicitly accounting for causal relationships and feedback loops and (iii) identifying responsibilities between stakeholders (e.g. producers, consumers, collectors, recyclers, policy makers) Application of the framework is exemplified using the case of the global mobile phone product system. 'Product design and development' and 'Retailers and users as part of a collection system' were identified as central intervention points for implementing improvement strategies that included designing for longer life, designing for recycling and improving collection, designing for limiting phone hibernation time and internalizing external costs.
Collaborative Topic Regression with social trust ensemble for recommendation in social media systems
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.

Social media systems provide ever growing huge volumes of information for dissemination and communication among communities of users, while recommender systems aim to mitigate information overload by filtering and providing users the most attractive and relevant items from information sea. This paper aims at providing compound recommendation engine for social media systems, and focuses on exploiting multi sourced information (e.g. social networks, item contents and user feedbacks) to predict the ratings of users to items and make recommendations. For this, we suppose the users' decisions on adopting item are affected both by their tastes and the favors of trusted friends, and extend Collaborative Topic Regression to jointly incorporates social trust ensemble, topic modeling and probabilistic matrix factorization. We propose corresponding approaches to learning the latent factors both of users and items, as well as additional parameters to be estimated. Empirical experiments on Lastfm and Delicious datasets show that our model is better and more robust than the state of the art methods on making recommendations in term of accuracy. Experiments results also reveal some useful findings to enlighten the development of recommender systems in social media.
A supervised learning approach to link prediction in Twitter
Venue: Social Network Analysis and Mining

The growth of social networks has lately attracted both academic and industrial researchers to study the ties between people, and how the social networks evolve with time. Social networks like Facebook, Twitter and Flickr require efficient and accurate methods to recommend friends to their users in the network. Several algorithms have been developed to recommend friends or predict likelihood of future links. Two main approaches are used to utilize those features; Score based Approaches and Machine Learning Approaches. In a previous work, a score based method was used based on topological, node and social features to calculate similarity between users and determine the likelihood of forming future links. This work has been extended by moving to a Machine Learning Approach which treats the prediction process as a classification problem. The classifier predicts the class of each edge whether it exists or doesn't exist. Machine Learning Approaches have the benefit of adding all similarity indices needed as the feature set fed to the classifier. While in Score based Approach when we used multiple features with associated weights, the performance was sensitive to the values of such weights. When machine learning is applied, the learning process is performed by the classifier which is fed by eight similarity indices representing connectivity, community, interaction and trust in social network. When indices are combined, a much higher accuracy than the previous Score based Approach is obtained and hence enhancing the prediction accuracy. In order to evaluate the correctness of the proposed model, it has been applied on a real dataset of 2.974k users on the Twitter social network. Experiments show that using both classical and ensemble classifiers outperforms baseline algorithms when applied individually.
The Decision to Attack: Military and Intelligence Cyber Decision Making

The debate over the importance of cyber has resulted in the consideration of a new domain of operation vital to national security. States find themselves in an increasingly interconnected world with a diverse threat spectrum and little understanding of how decisions are made within this amorphous domain. Much of the literature on cyber has focused on defining what cyber is. This dissertation examines how states decide to employ cyber in military and intelligence operations against other states. The research question this work seeks to answer is: do states rationally decide to employ cyber in military and intelligence operations against other states? This work contextualizes broader cyber decision making processes into a systematic expected utility rational choice approach to provide a mathematical understanding behind the use of cyber weapons at the state level.  Cyber, Intelligence, National Security, Decision Making THE DECISION TO ATTACK: MILITARY AND INTELLIGENCE CYBER DECISION MAKING
Computational Intelligence, Cyber Security and Computational Models: Proceedings of ICC3 2015

This book aims at promoting high quality research by researchers and practitioners from academia and industry at the International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Cyber Security, and Computational Models ICC3 2015 organized by PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India during December 17 19, 2015. This book enriches with innovations in broad areas of research like computational modeling, computational intelligence and cyber security. These emerging inter disciplinary research areas have helped to solve multifaceted problems and gained lot of attention in recent years. This encompasses theory and applications, to provide design, analysis and modeling of the aforementioned key areas.