nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The age of sustainable development

only to its more obvious demands for water in cooling and electricity generation, but also its many uses in fuel extraction and purification and their accompanying pollution hazards. There are no easy answers. After that the two basic topics combine Energy for Water with pumping and purification needs prominent followed by Constraints, notably the extent to which natural heat and cold may impede water quality, even availability, for particularly purposes; and Trends the impacts of population increase and climatic change. In his eighth chapter Webber turns to Technical Solutions. One should perhaps read it more in hope than expectation, not least because cost now also enters seriously into the debate. Webber's basic premise is that less water more energy, and vice versa, so that any solution is likely to depend on whether a particular country has more or less of either. But even with ample energy, solutions such as desalination are only won at substantial cost. Anaerobic digesters of waste materials containing organic substances feature as sources of improved water quality, methane and fertiliser. But they are usually only realistic where large volumes of waste must be handled. And while some sewage treatment plants (e.g. in London) have long fruitfully also burned the resulting methane to generate their energy needs, many apparently still vent it a serious greenhouse gas to atmosphere. The final chapter turns to Non Technical Solutions in fact more a wish list of research and development projects, as the author sees it, than a catalogue of actual answers. Much of it focuses on the potential for water and energy economies presented by natural temporal, seasonal and climatic fluctuations in demand. But advantage of these can usually only be secured from consumers by differential metering and pricing. And that takes us straight back into the preceding province of technical solutions and their problems. Webber gives one cautionary example from his own home base in Austin, Texas. The city spent $50 million on installing smart meters. It then discovered that it would have to spend another $50 million putting in place technology capable of handling their data. This book makes for an interesting read. But one wishes it was likely to be critically read by all who imagine we do not face intractable energy and water supply problems, or that there are any miracle answers.
The sustainable development goals: 17 goals to transform our world

The concept of sustainable development that emerged with the adoption in 1982 of the World Charter for Nature was given detailed definition in the 1987 report of the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development, or the Brundtland Commission, entitled Our Common Future. That report defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" It encompassed two key concepts: "the concept of 'needs' in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and the idea of 'limitations' imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs"
Sustainable Development Goals: A need for relevant indicators

At the UN in New York the Open Working Group created by the UN General Assembly proposed a set of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which comprises 17 goals and 169 targets. Further to that, a preliminary set of 330 indicators was introduced in March 2015. Some SDGs build on preceding Millennium Development Goals while others incorporate new ideas. A critical review has revealed that indicators of varied quality (in terms of the fulfilment certain criteria) have been proposed to assess sustainable development. Despite the fact that there is plenty of theoretical work on quality standards for indicators, in practice users cannot often be sure how adequately the indicators measure the monitored phenomena. Therefore we stress the need to operationalise the Sustainable Development Goals' targets and evaluate the indicators' relevance, the characteristic of utmost importance among the indicators' quality traits. The current format of the proposed SDGs and their targets has laid a policy framework; however, without thorough expert and scientific follow up on their operationalisation the indicators may be ambiguous. Therefore we argue for the foundation of a conceptual framework for selecting appropriate indicators for targets from existing sets or formulating new ones. Experts should focus on the "indicator indicated fact" relation to ensure the indicators' relevance in order for clear, unambiguous messages to be conveyed to users (decision and policy makers and also the lay public) Finally we offer some recommendations for indicators providers in order to contribute to the tremendous amount of conceptual work needed to lay a strong foundation for the development of the final indicators framework.
Augmented Reality Based Mobile Tour Guide System

Tourism is travel for pleasure; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism is one of the most significant industries in many countries and its importance is rapidly growing in recent years. In order to guide tourists, there exist various types of tour guide methods. Among them, paperbased and Mobile based systems are the most commonly used ones to provide tour routes and heritage information for tourists. By considering limitations of above methods, this system presents a mobile tour guide system with augmented reality, called Tour Guide System. The system enables tourists to have more informative, interactive and user specific experiences with augmented information by recognizing/tracking the contents of an off line tour booklet. For a standalone mobile system, demanding low computational cost, an image matching technique. The proposed system can be applicable to many areas such as education and entertainment industries. The ongoing work consists of improving user interactivity of system via social network service(SNS) and creating more informative and well turned 3D contents.
In situ click chemistry generation of cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors
Venue: Nature Communications

Cyclooxygenase 2 isozyme is a promising anti inflammatory drug target, and overexpression of this enzyme is also associated with several cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The amino acid sequence and structural similarity between inducible cyclooxygenase 2 and housekeeping cyclooxygenase 1 isoforms present a significant challenge to design selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors. Herein, we describe the use of the cyclooxygenase 2 active site as a reaction vessel for the in situ generation of its own highly specific inhibitors. Multi component competitive binding studies confirmed that the cyclooxygenase 2 isozyme can judiciously select most appropriate chemical building blocks from a pool of chemicals to build its own highly potent inhibitor. Herein, with the use of kinetic target guided synthesis, also termed as in situ click chemistry, we describe the discovery of two highly potent and selective cyclooxygenase 2 isozyme inhibitors. The in vivo anti inflammatory activity of these two novel small molecules is significantly higher than that of widely used selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors.Traditional inflammation and pain relief drugs target both cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1 and COX 2) causing severe side effects. Here, the authors use in situ click chemistry to develop COX 2 specific inhibitors with high in vivo anti inflammatory activity.
White Paper of the Society of Computed Body Tomography and Magnetic Resonance on Dual Energy CT, Part 1: Technology and Terminology.
Venue: Journal of computer assisted tomography

This is the first of a series of 4 white papers that represent Expert Consensus Documents developed by the Society of Computed Body Tomography and Magnetic Resonance through its task force on dual energy computed tomography (DECT) This article, part 1, describes the fundamentals of the physical basis for DECT and the technology of DECT and proposes uniform nomenclature to account for differences in proprietary terms among manufacturers.
Self Assembly of Polyurethane Phosphate Ester with Phospholipid Like Structures: Spherical, Worm Like Micelles, Vesicles, and Large Compound Vesicles

Here, we report the preparation and self assembly of amphiphilic polyurethane phosphate ester (PUP) polymers with phospholipid like structures. The polymers, designed to have a hydrophilic phosphate head and two amphiphilic PPG IPDI MPEG (PU) tails were synthesized via coupling and phosphorylation reactions in sequence. These amphiphilic polymers could self assemble into various interesting nanostructures in aqueous solution, such as spherical, worm like micelles, vesicles, and large compound vesicles, depending on the hydrophobic chain length of PU tails and the initial polymer concentrations. It was found that the morphology transition is not only caused by the unique molecular structure of amphiphilic polyurethanes, but also influenced by the additional hydrophilic phosphate groups incorporated, which disturb the force balance governing the aggregation structures. This research supplies a new clue for the fabrication of well defined nanostructures.
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among preschool children in 2003 and 2013 in Xinxiang city, Henan province, Central China
Venue: Parasite

The present study was performed to assess the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Xinxiang city, Henan province, China and the changes in the egg positive rate for E. vermicularis over a 10 year period. A total of 510 preschool children in 17 kindergartens were examined using the cellophane tape perianal swab method in 2003, while 1734 preschool children in 10 kindergartens were examined in 2013 using the same method. The overall egg positive rate for E. vermicularis was 12.75% (65 out of 510) in 2003 and 5.13% (89 out of 1734) in 2013; the former was significantly higher than the latter (p 0.05) In both 2003 and 2013, the egg positive rate for 5 to 6 year old children was significantly higher than that of 2 to 4 year old children (p 0.05) However, positive rates were not significantly dependent on gender or area. Among selected personal hygiene factors, no hand washing before eating, sucking fingers or toys, and scratching around the anus were all associated with enterobiasis. The present study confirmed that the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection among preschool children decreased significantly over the 10 year period in Xinxiang city, but infection was still prevalent. Improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices, especially hand washing, could help prevent the transmission of E. vermicularis.
Multimodal Transportation Choices and Health: Exploratory Analysis Using Data Fusion Techniques

This study demonstrates the feasibility of fusing large scale travel and health surveys and uses the new comprehensive data set generated to model the relationship between health and multimodal (walking, biking, transit, and vehicle usage) long term (weekly, monthly, and yearly) travel choices. Two measures of health, the body mass index (BMI) and a self assessed physical health score (SAPHS) were fused from a health survey onto a travel survey at the disaggregate (individual) level. The probabilistic record linkage software, Link Plus, was used for the data fusion purposes. The methodology was validated by using the eating and health module (EH) of the American Time Use Surveys (ATUS) Subsequently, the algorithm was used to match the health information from the ATUS to the National Household Travel Surveys (NHTS) of 2008 to 2009, and the resulting master data set was used to develop models for multimodal travel choices and health. The statistical analysis indicates that although increasing walking and transit use were associated with better health (relative to nonusers of the mode) those with the highest levels of walking and transit use were also found to be in poor health relative to moderate users of the mode. Similarly, those at the two ends of the vehicle miles traveled spectrum (first and fourth quartiles) had higher BMI compared with those in the middle of the spectrum. There were no statistically significant effects of weekly bike trips on health measures. Overall, this study is envisioned as a proof of concept of how data fusion techniques may be used to integrate multiple data sets to facilitate a comprehensive study of multimodal travel choices and health.
CowLog cross platform application for coding behaviours from video

CowLog is a cross platform application to code behaviours from video recordings for use in behavioural research. The software has been used in several studies e.g. to study sleep in dairy calves, emotions in goats and the mind wandering related to computer use during lectures. CowLog 3 is implemented using JavaScript and HTML using the Electron framework. The framework allows the development of packaged cross platform applications using features from web browser (Chromium) as well as server side JavaScript from Node.js. The program supports using multiple videos simultaneously and HTML5 and VLC video players. CowLog can be used for any project that requires coding the time of events from digital video. It is released under GNU GPL v2 making it possible for users to modify the application for their own needs. The software is available through its website http:/cowlog.org
Cross platform application development for smartphones: Approaches and implications
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

Smartphones have been a versatile device catering to our communication and computation needs for over two decades now. They provide us the power and capability of computer along with much desired feature of small size. But these phones struggle with the problem of platform dependence. This problem implies that an application developed for a particular smartphone cannot be executed on some other smartphone featuring a different operating system. Due to this, cost per application increases. In light of the recognition and usage diversity of this device, it is an ongoing research area to provide user a seamless integration across multiple platforms. Solution to platform independence ranges from pure software implementation to pure hardware implementation. This paper presents a comparative analysis of different approaches to deal with platform dependence in smartphones against multiple performance parameters.
HUMOR TERKAIT MU'AMMAR AL QAZ\A>FI (ANALISIS PRAGMATIK)

Humour functions as a critic, satire, irony or propaganda. By using humour, it is posible to say the truth elegantly and sofly, without disturbing others' feeling. In pragmatic comunication theory, humour is created from deviations of comunication principles, e.g: Grice principle of comunication and Leech principle of comunication. This research uses the jokes on the former leader of Libyan Mu'ammar al Qaz\a>fi as the object material. Mu'ammar al Qaz\a>fi was the leader of controversy as well as he was a dictator. Then, there are assumptions that the humours about al Qaz\a>fi are not only about entertaiment but also about special aims. The researcher uses pragmatic analysis that covers Grice cooperative principle, Leech politeness principle and speech acts (illocutionary act) The results are that political humour in Libyan was a new kind of humour and it was developed while the revolution was on and in the aftermath. While Ilocutionart Acts, which are found in the humours about al Qaz\a>fi, are irony, claiming, ordering, complaining, and satiring. The aims in the humours are satire and irony.
A New Design of Model Predictive Tracking Control for Networked Control System Under Random Packet Loss and Uncertainties
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

In order to deal with the networked control system (NCS) under random packet loss and uncertainties, an improved model predictive tracking control is provided in this paper. In the proposed control strategy, a novel state space model is introduced, where, unlike the conventional state space models, the tracking error and the state variables are combined and optimized together. Based on the improved state space model, more design degrees can be provided and better control performance can be acquired. A classical angular positioning system with uncertainties and a NCS with packet loss are introduced to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model predictive tracking control strategy, at the same time, the conventional model predictive control (MPC) approach is introduced as comparisons.
Finite Time Control Design for Bilateral Teleoperation System With Position Synchronization Error Constrained
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics

Due to the cognitive limitations of the human operator and lack of complete information about the remote environment, the work performance of such teleoperation systems cannot be guaranteed in most cases. However, some practical tasks conducted by the teleoperation system require high performances, such as tele surgery needs satisfactory high speed and more precision control results to guarantee patient' health status. To obtain some satisfactory performances, the error constrained control is employed by applying the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) With the constrained synchronization errors, some high performances, such as, high convergence speed, small overshoot, and an arbitrarily predefined small residual constrained synchronization error can be achieved simultaneously. Nevertheless, like many classical control schemes only the asymptotic/exponential convergence, i.e. the synchronization errors converge to zero as time goes infinity can be achieved with the error constrained control. It is clear that finite time convergence is more desirable. To obtain a finite time synchronization performance, the terminal sliding mode (TSM) based finite time control method is developed for teleoperation system with position error constrained in this paper. First, a new nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) surface with new transformed synchronization errors is proposed. Second, adaptive neural network system is applied for dealing with the system uncertainties and the external disturbances. Third, the BLF is applied to prove the stability and the nonviolation of the synchronization errors constraints. Finally, some comparisons are conducted in simulation and experiment results are also presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Enhancing Japanese university students' English language presentation skills with mobile video recordings

megumimillskohyama@gmail.com In universities throughout Japan, English language learners are required to stand in front of their peers and make a presentation with the aid of software such as Microsoft PowerPoint. This type of public speaking activity can often be an anxiety inducing, glorified reading or memorization exercise of text heavy slides that fails to meet the intended objective of developing the learners' presentation skills. This paper reports on the perceptions of Japanese university students toward an action research project that utilized poster presentations in conjunction with mobile video reflective feedback. An activity systems analysis helped uncover the systemic contradictions and tensions that existed in the participants' English as a foreign language (efl) oral presentation lessons. One hundred and twenty nine undergraduate economics students from nine classes completed a paper based survey. In addition, seven students from the same second year international economics course participated in a focus group interview. The results indicated that most participants viewed mobile video enhanced selfand peer reflective feedback as beneficial tools that could help improve the quality of their efl presentation performances. However, many students expressed concern about public speaking anxiety, the protection of personal privacy, as well as the cultural contrast between Western and Japanese presentation styles.
Supporting Student's English Speaking Achievement Using Video

The importance of English as a Second or Foreign language (ESL or EFL) the teaching of EFL speaking has been deemed important in the Indonesian context. As a common problem was occurred in a speaking class is that teachers frequently feel it difficult to involve students in the speaking activities. In fact, English teachers should work hard to attract the students to speak a lot in the class. It occurs because many EFL learners have such personality problems, for instance they are not confident, reluctant, and afraid of practicing and using their English. The implementation of the use of video as teaching media in speaking class can cover some procedures into three main phases: The first phase is pre teaching. The second phase is whilst teaching. The third phase is post teaching. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the use of video as teaching media can be one of the solutions to improve not only the students' speaking skills but also the their' positive attitude in the teaching of speaking. Therefore, English teachers are suggested to use the video as teaching media to teach their students in speaking class and it is also possible to teach other language skills or components. The limitation of this research was about the kind of video. Since in this research the researcher used the instructional video, for other researchers are suggested to use other kinds of videos which are not used for instructional objectives.
Impact of Video Clips on the Development of the Listening Skills in English Classes: A Case Study of Turkish Students

The purpose of this research is to examine whether using feature films in video lessons has an effect on the development of listening skills of students or not. The research has been conducted at one of the state universities in Black Sea region of Turkey with 126 students. The students watched and listened to only the sentences taken from categorized feature films. In the research, the Factorial Research Design, one of the quasi experimental designs, was used. At the end of the research, it was found out that categories of the films did not make statistically significant difference in the success of the students while there was a statistically significant difference in the success of male students in each film categories with long length in respect of short replicas.
Make Image More Energy Efficient for Mobile OLED Displays
Venue: 2016 13th International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems (ICESS)

Energy consumption of mobile devices has become an important consideration due to the limitation of battery capacity, and OLED displays are the dominant energy consuming component of battery operated devices. Since its energy consumption depends on the displayed content, in this work we propose a new energy saving approach to make image more energy efficient for mobile OLED displays. The key idea is to eliminate undesired details while preserving the region of interest of the image by leveraging the color and spatial information. First we use edge detection algorithm to extract region of interest (ROI) of an image, and then we gradually adjust luminance and saturation of region of non interest (NON ROI) of the image, which can reduce significant amounts of energy consumption while preserving the image quality. Experimental results show that our approach can save 22% energy on average, which demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.