nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Expansion of arbitrary electromagnetic fields in terms of vector spherical wave functions.
Venue: Optics express

Since 1908, when Mie reported analytical expressions for the fields scattered by a spherical particle upon incidence of plane waves, generalizing his analysis for the case of an arbitrary incident wave has been an open question because of the cancellation of the prefactor radial spherical Bessel function. This cancellation was obtained before by our own group for a highly focused beam centered in the objective. In this work, however, we show for the first time how these terms can be canceled out for any arbitrary incident field that satisfies Maxwells equations, and obtain analytical expressions for the beam shape coefficients. We show several examples on how to use our method to obtain analytical beam shape coefficients for: Bessel beams, general hollow waveguide modes and specific geometries such as cylindrical and rectangular. Our method uses the vector potential, which shows the interesting characteristic of being gauge invariant. These results are highly relevant for speeding up numerical calculation of light scattering applications such as the radiation forces acting on spherical particles placed in an arbitrary electromagnetic field, as in an optical tweezers system.
Learning from Binary Labels with Instance Dependent Corruption
Venue: ArXiv

Suppose we have a sample of instances paired with binary labels corrupted by arbitrary instance and label dependent noise. With sufficiently many such samples, can we optimally classify and rank instances with respect to the noise free distribution? We provide a theoretical analysis of this question, with three main contributions. First, we prove that for instance dependent noise, any algorithm that is consistent for classification on the noisy distribution is also consistent on the clean distribution. Second, we prove that for a broad class of instance and label dependent noise, a similar consistency result holds for the area under the ROC curve. Third, for the latter noise model, when the noise free class probability function belongs to the generalised linear model family, we show that the Isotron can efficiently and provably learn from the corrupted sample.
Gaschromatographische Untersuchungen uber die Aromastoffe von Weinbeeren III. Die Bedeutung des Standortes fur die Aromastoffzusammensetzung der Rebsorte Riesling

Kapillarchromatographische Untersuchungen an Weinbeeren der Rebsorte Riesling haben ergeben, das unabhangig vom Standort die sortentypische Aromastoffzusammensetzung ,Fingerprintmuster" deutlich ausgepragt vorliegt. Innerhalb dieses Aromamusters ,Grobmuster" sind jedoch noch quantitative Abstufungen erkennbar ,Feinmuster" die den jeweils typischen ,Gebietscharakter" (durch Lage, Boden und Klima bedingt) sowie den unterschiedlichen Reifezustand (die Untersuchungen umfassen einen Reifebereich von 40 100 degOe) widerspiegeln. Bei der Gegenuberstellung mit der Sorte Morio Muskat ist deutlich zu erkennen, das eine Reihe der bereits ausgewahlten ,Leitsubstanzen" auch unabhangig von Reife und Standort fur eine Sortencharakterisierung geeignet ist. Mit Hilfe der multiplen Diskriminanzanalyse kann gezeigt werden, das mit diesen Leitsubstanzen eine hochsignifikante Trennung zwischen den Rebsorten Riesling und Morio Muskat moglich ist. Gas cbromatographic investigations on the aroma constituents of grape berries III. Significance of the location for the aroma composition in the grapevine cultivar Riesling Capillary chromatographic investigations of grape berries of the cv. Riesling have shown that independent on location the variety specific aroma composition "fingerprint patterns" is markedly to be found. However, within these aroma patterns "coarse patterns" quantitative graduations are still recognizable "fine patterns" reproducing the typical character of the region (conditioned by location, soil and climate) and the different degree of maturity (the investigations range from 40 to 100 degOe) When comparing with the cv. Morio Muskat, it is markedly to be seen that several already selected "key substances" are suited for a characterization of the varieties even independent on maturity and location. lt can be shown by means of the multiple discriminative analysis that these key substances allow a highly significant seperation between the cvs. Riesling and Morio Muskat.
Hermetic capacitive pressure sensors for biomedical applications

This paper aims to purpose the new design and fabrication scheme of Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor (TMCPS) which can be used in a wireless integrated resistor, inductor and capacitor circuit for monitoring pressure in biomedical applications.  This study focuses on the design, simulation and fabrication of dynamic capacitors, based on surface micromachining using polysilicon or aluminum films as the top electrode, both structural materials are capped with a 1.5 mm thick polyimide film.  The design of microstructures using a composite model fits perfectly the preset mechanical behavior. After the full fabrication, the dynamic capacitors show complete mechanical flexibility and stability.  The novelty of the method presented in this study includes two important aspects: first, the capacitors are designed as a planar cavity within a rigid frame, where two walls contain channels which allow for the etching of the sacrificial material. Second, the electromechanical structures are designed using a composite model that includes a polyimide film capping for a precise pressure sensing, which also protects the internal cavity and, at the same time, provides full biocompatibility.
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF CASSIA OCCIDENTALIS L: A REVIEW

Cassia occidentalis L. is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. These plants extracts are known to have several activities like anti inflammatory activity, antibacterial activity, antioxidant, hepatoprotective and Immunosuppression activity. Phytochemical constituents include achrosin, aloeemodin, emodin, anthraquinones, anthrones, apigenin, aurantiobtusin, campesterol, cassiollin, chryso obtusin, chrysophanic acid, chrysarobin, chrysophanol, chrysoeriol etc. have been investigated in Cassia occidentalis This review summarizes the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, bioactivity studies of C. occidentalis plant.  Cassia occidentalis Phytochemical, Pharmacological studies.
Heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of CaMoO4 at low temperatures

The heat capacity of a single crystal of calcium molybdate CaMoO4 was measured by the adiabatic method in the range 6 310 K. No anomalies in the heat capacity associated with the phase transition were found. Based on the obtained data, thermodynamic functions (entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy) were calculated. Special features of the heat capacity behavior near zero temperatures as well as special features of the phonon density of states at low frequencies were detected. The low frequency peak in the phonon density of states of CaMoO4 was identified, which is associated with the phonon scattering on the regular fragments of the structure. The Debye temperature at absolute zero was calculated.
A Second Life for TIIARA: From Bilingual to Multilingual!

Multilingual controlled vocabularies are rare and often very limited in the choice of languages offered. TIIARA (Taxonomy for Image Indexing and RetrievAl) is a bilingual taxonomy developed for image indexing and retrieval. This controlled vocabulary offers indexers and image searchers innovative and coherent access points for ordinary images. The preliminary steps of the elaboration of the bilingual structure are presented. For its initial development, TIIARA included only two languages, French and English. As a logical follow up, TIIARA was translated into eight languages Arabic, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Mandarin Chinese, Italian, German, Hindi and Russian in order to increase its international scope. This paper briefly describes the different stages of the development of the bilingual structure. The processes used in the translations are subsequently presented, as well as the main difficulties encountered by the translators.
Editorial Perspective: Psychological stress and epigenetic aging what can we learn and how can we prevent?
Venue: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

Psychological stress can exert a lasting impact on the aging process. This hypothesis, long posited by Hans Selye, has been supported by evidence linking stressors with several aging related disease phenotypes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this association. Among plausible mechanisms linking stress and aging, evidence supports the role of epigenetic modifications, a set of molecular processes that can be induced by environmental stressors and regulate gene expression without altering the underlying genetic sequence. In particular, recent evidence shows that psychological stress can accelerate epigenetic aging, a measure based on DNA methylation prediction of chronological age that shows promise as biomarker of aging. Some studies further suggest that epigenetic aging could be modifiable, albeit others contradict this hypothesis. Future studies will need to determine the preventability or reversibility of epigenetic aging in response to distinct interventions and the potential clinical implications of such a prevention or reversal.
Electrospun biodegradable polymers loaded with bactericide agents

Development of materials with an antimicrobial activity is fundamental for different sectors, including medicine and health care, water and air treatment, and food packaging. Electrospinning is a versatile and economic technique that allows the incorporation of different natural, industrial, and clinical agents into a wide variety of polymers and blends in the form of micro/nanofibers. Furthermore, the technique is versatile since different constructs (e.g. those derived from single electrospinning, co electrospinning, coaxial electrospinning, and miniemulsion electrospinning) can be obtained to influence the ability to load agents with different characteristics and stability and to modify the release behaviour. Furthermore, antimicrobial agents can be loaded during the electrospinning process or by a subsequent coating process. In order to the mitigate burst release effect, it is possible to encapsulate the selected drug into inorganic nanotubes and nanoparticles, as well as in organic cyclodextrine polysaccharides. In the same way, processes that involve covalent linkage of bactericide agents during surface treatment of electrospun samples may also be considered. The present review is focused on more recent works concerning the electrospinning of antimicrobial polymers. These include chitosan and common biodegradable polymers with activity caused by the specific load of agents such as metal and metal oxide particles, quaternary ammonium compounds, hydantoin compounds, antibiotics, common organic bactericides, and bacteriophages.
Human Skin Region Segmentation Based on Chrominance Component Using Modified Watershed Algorithm

A novel watershed segmentation algorithm has been proposed to segment the human skin region of RGB color images based on Cb component of YCbCr color space in this paper. The conventional watershed segmentation algorithm is not suitable for segmentation of human skin region from color images directly, since it is difficult to decide suitable color information of human skin. At first stage, the RGB image is converted into YCbCr color space which contains three components luminance, blue difference component (Cb) and red difference component (Cr) The Cb component has been extracted and used for further processing steps. After extraction of Cb component, the modified marker based watershed algorithm has been applied for segmentation of human skin region only from RGB color image. The proposed method has been tested on FRI CVL Face Database. In experimental stage, results show that the proposed technique avoids over segmentation problem and produce good segmentation result which is comparable with the same obtained by other algorithms.
Constrained MPC to track time varying reference signals: Online optimization of virtual reference signals and controller states

In this paper, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for linear systems with constraints to track time varying reference signals. The proposed controller is assumed to have an integrator as a servo compensator. In the proposed control approach, the value of the integrator state is optimally initialized at each sampling time to improve tracking control performance until the cost function becomes sufficiently small. Moreover, while the cost function is sufficiently small, the integral action is used to achieve offset free tracking. The control algorithm is reduced to a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality constraints.
A Study of the Relationship Between the Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment of Academic Staff in Private Higher Education Institutes in Sri Lanka

As a developing country in Asian region, Sri Lankan higher education sector consists with government universities, private higher education institutes and semi government universities. Irrespective of the sector, higher education institutes strongly believe about quality of their degree programmes. Higher quality of education can be achieved only by having a academic staff who are motivated, committed and satisfied to what they do. It is the usual perception that when the staff is committed to what they do, it will positively impact on their job performance, service quality and the success of the organization. Hence, it is vital to identify the importance of employees' organizational commitment achieved through job satisfaction in private higher education sector in Sri Lanka. Therefore the primary objective of this study is to study the relationship between the job Satisfaction and organizational commitment of academic staff in private higher education institutes in Sri Lanka. The independent variable is job satisfaction and the dependent variable was organizational commitment. This study utilized a questionnaire to collect the data which needed to achieve the research objectives. Also researchers have used standard questionnaires to measure job satisfaction which is known as Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale and organizational commitment was measured through Allen and Mayer Organizational Commitment Scale. Current study was conducted in a natural setting where the work proceeds normally. No any artificial or contrived setting was created where none of the variables were controlled by the researchers in this study. The data was collected from the individual lecturers of five reputed academic institutions in Colombo District and unit of analysis of this study is individual.
Effects of microhabitat and large scale land use on stream salamander occupancy in the coalfields of Central Appalachia

Large scale coal mining practices, particularly surface coal extraction and associated valley fills as well as residential wastewater discharge, are of ecological concern for aquatic systems in central Appalachia. Identifying and quantifying alterations to ecosystems along a gradient of spatial scales is a necessary first step to aid in mitigation of negative consequences to aquatic biota. In central Appalachian headwater streams, apart from fish, salamanders are the most abundant vertebrate predator that provide a significant intermediate trophic role linking aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Stream salamander species are considered to be sensitive to aquatic stressors and environmental alterations, as past research has shown linkages among microhabitat parameters, large scale land use such as urbanization and logging, and salamander abundances. However, there is little information examining these relationships between environmental conditions and salamander occupancy in the coalfields of central Appalachia. In the summer of 2013, 70 sites (sampled two to three times each) in the southwest Virginia coalfields were visited to collect salamanders and quantify stream and riparian microhabitat parameters. Using an information theoretic framework, effects of microhabitat and large scale land use on stream salamander occupancy were compared. The findings indicate that Desmognathus spp. occupancy rates are more correlated to microhabitat parameters such as canopy cover than to large scale land uses. However, Eurycea spp. occupancy rates had a strong association with large scale land uses, particularly recent mining and forest cover within the watershed. These findings suggest that protection of riparian habitats is an important consideration for maintaining aquatic systems in central Appalachia. If this is not possible, restoration riparian areas should follow guidelines using quick growing tree species that are native to Appalachian riparian areas. These types of trees would rapidly establish a canopy cover, stabilize the soil, and impede invasive plant species which would, in turn, provide high quality refuges for stream salamanders.  Canopy cover, coal mining, Desmognathus, Eurycea, headwater streams, surface mining.
Effects of mountaintop removal mining and valley filling on the occupancy and abundance of stream salamanders

Human induced land use changes are among the primary causes of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss. Across central Appalachia (USA) mountaintop removal mining and valley filling (MTR/VF) is the prevailing form of land use change and represents a stressor to stream ecosystems. Salamanders are the dominant vertebrate in Appalachian headwater streams. Thus, we addressed the question: Is salamander occupancy and conditional abundance reduced in streams impacted by MTR/VF? 2. We conducted repeated counts of adult and larval salamanders within 10 m reaches in 11 valley filled streams and 12 reference streams in south eastern Kentucky. Relationships between occupancy, conditional abundance, and site type (MTR/VF vs. reference) were modelled using the hurdle model (Ecology, 94, 2013 and 1472) where occupancy is modelled separately from abundance while accounting for differences in per individual detection probabilities among groups. 3. We found mean occupancy probabilities were >0 85 for all groups in reference reaches, whereas mean occupancy probabilities were relatively lower in MTR/VF reaches (ranging from 0 23 to 0 66) Posterior means of the difference in occupancy between site types were negative across all groups, although MTR/VF stream reaches were at least 95% less likely to be occupied by spring salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, adult southern two lined salamander Eurycea cirrigera and larval dusky salamanders Desmognathus compared to reference reaches. 4. Posterior means of the difference in conditional abundance between MTR/VF and reference stream reaches were negative across all groups; 95% credible interval for difference in conditional abundance covered zero for only one species (red salamander Pseudotriton ruber) After adjusting for goodness of fit, point estimates of differences in occupancy and conditional abundance still remained below zero for most species. Additionally, MTR/VF reaches had higher ion concentrations, total organic carbon and specific conductance compared to reference reaches. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study concludes that mountaintop removal mining and valley filling (MTR/VF) reduces salamander occupancy and conditional abundance. Although the potential mechanisms responsible for reduction are numerous, our findings suggest a change in the current regulatory framework is needed to offset the impacts of MTR/VF on stream ecosystems and biota. Reclamation techniques that enhance conditions for vegetative succession within catchments may improve habitat on reclaimed surface mines.
Movement, demographics, and occupancy dynamics of a federally threatened salamander: evaluating the adequacy of critical habitat
Venue: PeerJ

Critical habitat for many species is often limited to occupied localities. For rare and cryptic species, or those lacking sufficient data, occupied habitats may go unrecognized, potentially hindering species recovery. Proposed critical habitat for the aquatic Jollyville Plateau salamander (Eurycea tonkawae) and two sister species were delineated based on the assumption that surface habitat is restricted to springs and excludes intervening stream reaches. To test this assumption, we performed two studies to understand aspects of individual, population, and metapopulation ecology of E. tonkawae. First, we examined movement and population demographics using capture recapture along a spring influenced stream reach. We then extended our investigation of stream habitat use with a study of occupancy and habitat dynamics in multiple headwater streams. Indications of extensive stream channel use based on capture recapture results included frequent movements of >15 m, and high juvenile abundance downstream of the spring. Initial occupancy of E. tonkawae was associated with shallow depths, maidenhair fern presence and low temperature variation (indicative of groundwater influence) although many occupied sites were far from known springs. Additionally, previously dry sites were three times more likely to be colonized than wet sites. Our results indicate extensive use of stream habitats, including intermittent ones, by E. tonkawae. These areas may be important for maintaining population connectivity or even as primary habitat patches. Restricting critical habitat to occupied sites will result in a mismatch with actual habitat use, particularly when assumptions of habitat use are untested, thus limiting the potential for recovery.
Oral, frozen fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) capsules for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection
Venue: BMC Medicine

BackgroundFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be safe and effective in treating refractory or relapsing C. difficile infection (CDI) but its use has been limited by practical barriers. We recently reported a small preliminary feasibility study using orally administered frozen fecal capsules. Following these early results, we now report our clinical experience in a large cohort with structured follow up.MethodsWe prospectively followed a cohort of patients with recurrent or refractory CDI who were treated with frozen, encapsulated FMT at our institution. The primary endpoint was defined as clinical resolution whilst off antibiotics for CDI at 8 weeks after last capsule ingestion. Safety was defined as any FMT related adverse event grade 2 or above.ResultsOverall, 180 patients aged 7 95 years with a minimal follow up of 8 weeks were included in the analysis. CDI resolved in 82 of patients after a single treatment, rising to a 91 cure rate with two treatments. Three adverse events Grade 2 or above, deemed related or possibly related to FMT, were observed.ConclusionsWe confirm the effectiveness and safety of oral administration of frozen encapsulated fecal material, prepared from unrelated donors, in treating recurrent CDI. Randomized studies and FMT registries are still needed to ascertain long term safety.
Learning Latent Vector Spaces for Product Search
Venue: CIKM

We introduce a novel latent vector space model that jointly learns the latent representations of words, e commerce products and a mapping between the two without the need for explicit annotations. The power of the model lies in its ability to directly model the discriminative relation between products and a particular word. We compare our method to existing latent vector space models (LSI, LDA and word2vec) and evaluate it as a feature in a learning to rank setting. Our latent vector space model achieves its enhanced performance as it learns better product representations. Furthermore, the mapping from words to products and the representations of words benefit directly from the errors propagated back from the product representations during parameter estimation. We provide an in depth analysis of the performance of our model and analyze the structure of the learned representations.