nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel two stage dynamic spectrum sharing scheme in cognitive radio networks
Venue: China Communications

In order to enhance the efficiency of spectrum utilization and reduce communication overhead in spectrum sharing process, we propose a two stage dynamic spectrum sharing scheme in which cooperative and non cooperative modes are analyzed in both stages. In particular, the existence and the uniqueness of Nash Equilibrium (NE) strategies for noncooperative mode are proved. In addition, a distributed iterative algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions of the scheme. Simulation studies are carried out to show the performance comparison between two modes as well as the system revenue improvement of the proposed scheme compared with a conventional scheme without a virtual price control factor.
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Prevention of gallbladder hypomotility via FATP2 inhibition protects from lithogenic diet induced cholelithiasis.
Venue: American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology

Gallstone disease is a widespread disorder costing billions for annual treatment in the United States. The primary mechanisms underlying gallstone formation are biliary cholesterol supersaturation and gallbladder hypomotility. The relative contribution of these two processes has been difficult to dissect, as experimental lithogenic diets cause both bile supersaturation and alterations in gallbladder motility. Importantly, there is no mechanistic explanation for obesity as a major risk factor for cholelithiasis. We discovered that lithogenic diets induce ectopic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, a major feature of obesity and a known muscle contraction impairing condition. We hypothesized that prevention of TAG accumulation in gallbladder walls may prevent gallbladder contractile dysfunction without impacting biliary cholesterol saturation. We utilized adeno associated virus mediated knock down of the long chain fatty acid transporter 2 (FATP2; Slc27A2) which is highly expressed by gallbladder epithelial cells, to downregulate lithogenic diet associated TAG accumulation. FATP2 knockdown significantly reduced gallbladder TAG, but did not affect key bile composition parameters. Importantly, measurements with force displacement transducers showed that contractile strength in FATP2 knockdown gallbladders was significantly greater than in control gallbladders following lithogenic diet administration, and the magnitude of this effect was sufficient to prevent the formation of gallstones. FATP2 driven fatty acid uptake and the subsequent TAG accumulation in gallbladder tissue plays a pivotal role in cholelithiasis, and prevention of this process can protect from gallstone formation, even in the context of supersaturated bile cholesterol levels, thus pointing to new treatment approaches and targets.
The drawing effect: Evidence for reliable and robust memory benefits in free recall
Venue: Quarterly journal of experimental psychology

In 7 free recall experiments, the benefit of creating drawings of to be remembered information relative to writing was examined as a mnemonic strategy. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were presented with a list of words and were asked to either draw or write out each. Drawn words were better recalled than written. Experiments 3 5 showed that the memory boost provided by drawing could not be explained by elaborative encoding (deep level of processing, LoP) visual imagery, or picture superiority, respectively. In Experiment 6, we explored potential limitations of the drawing effect, by reducing encoding time and increasing list length. Drawing, relative to writing, still benefited memory despite these constraints. In Experiment 7, the drawing effect was significant even when encoding trial types were compared in pure lists between participants, inconsistent with a distinctiveness account. Together these experiments indicate that drawing enhances memory relative to writing, across settings, instructions, and alternate encoding strategies, both within and between participants, and that a deep LoP, visual imagery, or picture superiority, alone or collectively, are not sufficient to explain the observed effect. We propose that drawing improves memory by encouraging a seamless integration of semantic, visual, and motor aspects of a memory trace.
GSM BASED AUTO SECURED CAR PARKING SYSTEM

Automatic car parking system is used to reduce the traffic in the parking place. Normally we can see in the multiplexes, cinema halls, large industries, and function hall there is a problem they have to go and search for which place is empty to park the vehicle, for parking then they need workers for parking in the correct position. It is the money consumed process. So to avoid this problem, The proposed system offers safe and secure parking without human intervention. Based on the availability of the slot user registration is allowed and based on the slot allocated OTP will be issued to the corresponding user. Parking is mandated at shopping malls, multiplexes, function halls, and industries. Using GSM, Servo and stepper motors, vehicular parking is proposed. IR sensors are used in identifying the empty parking slots. Allocation of slots is starting from layer one in a sequential manner done by the Arduino system. This system handles users with the same platform one after another manner. Users can get retrieve their vehicle by feeding OTP to the system as a password. Simply parking at the entrance of the venue and mobile registration is required from the user end, rest of the thing will be taken care by the proposed system. The proposed system will solve the parking issues, with the advanced parking slot booking.
Current harmonic suppression in the flux weakening control based on resonant 2DOF PID controllers for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor
Venue: 2016 Eleventh International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER)

In this paper, the current harmonic suppression problem of permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) in the flux weakening control is studied by using the proposed resonant two degree of freedom (2DOF) current PID controllers. First, the principle of the flux weakening is analyzed based on the mathematical model and the current voltage constraints of PMSLM in the rotating reference coordinate system. Then a current leading angle flux weakening control method is designed, which provides a wide velocity operation of PMSLM over based velocity. Subsequently, the resonant 2DOF PID controllers are adopted to effectively suppress the current harmonics induced by the non ideal factors in the flux weakening control. At last, the simulation studies and experiments are performed for PMSLM based on the control platform in comparison with the traditional PID controller. The contrast results indicate that the proposed method suppresses the current harmonics effectively, and achieves optimal tracking ability and optimal antidisturbance performance simultaneously.
Novel optimal control strategy for power fluctuation and current harmonic suppression of a three phase photovoltaic inverter under unbalanced grid faults

Under unbalanced grid faults, the output currents of a photovoltaic (PV) system injected into the grid lose their sinusoidal and balanced appearance. The interaction between such unbalanced currents and voltages leads to fluctuations in active and reactive powers. This study investigates the instantaneous output power characteristics of a PV inverter and its flexible power control strategy under unbalanced grid faults. A new optimal parameter model of power control is established to generate minimal integrated power fluctuations under the constraint of harmonic distortion in the output current. Finally, the optimal power control of the PV inverter based on dead beat current tracking is realized. The feasibility of the proposed control strategy is verified with the power system transient software PSCAD/EMTDC.
Global epidemiology of urinary tract infections
Venue: Current opinion in infectious diseases

Both in the community and hospital setting, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common. Initial appropriate empirical treatment requires a good knowledge of epidemiological data. In this review, the most recent global epidemiological data of UTIs have been summarized. Recent findings Community associated UTI (CAUTI) prevalence is 0.7% and the main risk factors are age, history of UTI, sexual activity and diabetes. The most common pathogen is Escherichia coli and resistance rates to common antibiotics depend very much on the geographical location. The lowest observed resistance was for fosfomycin (range: 0 2.9% nitrofurantoin (range: 0 4.4% and mecillinam (range: 0 4% Healthcare associated UTI (HAUTI) frequency among HCAIs is 12.9 (confidence interval: 10.2 16% 19.6 and 24% in the United States, Europe and developing countries, respectively. In urology departments, the prevalence is 5.1% Resistance to almost all antibiotics in HAUTIs is above 20% and there is a significant geographical variation. Community onset HAUTIs bacterial spectrum is similar to hospital onset HAUTIs and different from CAUTIs.  It is challenging to provide with an exact frequency of UTIs. Both CAUTI and HAUTI frequency, pathogen spectrum and resistance rates vary according to geographical setting.
Assessing the performance of structure from motion photogrammetry and terrestrial LiDAR for reconstructing soil surface microtopography of naturally vegetated plots

Soil microtopography is a property of critical importance in many earth surface processes but is often difficult to quantify. Advances in computer vision technologies have made image based three dimensional (3D) reconstruction or Structure from Motion (SfM) available to many scientists as a low cost alternative to laser based systems such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) While the performance of SfM at acquiring soil surface microtopography has been extensively compared to that of TLS on bare surfaces, little is known about the impact of vegetation on reconstruction performance. This article evaluates the performance of SfM and TLS technologies at reconstructing soil microtopography on 6 m x 2 m erosion plots with vegetation cover ranging from 0% to 77% Results show that soil surface occlusion by vegetation was more pronounced with TLS compared to SfM, a consequence of the single viewpoint laser scanning strategy adopted in this study. On the bare soil surface, elevation values estimated with SfM were within 5 mm of those from TLS although long distance deformations were observed with the former technology. As vegetation cover increased, agreement between SfM and TLS slightly degraded but was significantly affected beyond 53% of ground cover. Detailed semivariogram analysis on meter square scale surface patches showed that TLS and SfM surfaces were very similar even on highly vegetated plots but with fine scale details and the dynamic elevation range smoothed out with SfM. Errors in the TLS data were mainly caused by the distance measurement function of the instrument especially at the fringe of occlusion regions where the laser beam intersected foreground and background features simultaneously. From this study, we conclude that a realistic approach to digitizing soil surface microtopography in field conditions can be implemented by combining strengths of the image based method (simplicity and effectiveness at reconstructing soil surface under sparse vegetation) with the high accuracy of TLS like technologies.
Issues in Cochlear Implant Candidacy
Venue: Cochlear implants international

In a recent survey by the British Cochlear Implant Group (BCIG) council, members were asked what the priority working areas for the BCIG council should be. The topic of candidacy was the emphatic winner. This is because those working in the cochlear implant (CI) field in the UK believe that the guidelines for candidacy no longer reflect the entire population of patients that the BCIG and the UK implant field consider to be potential CI candidates. There is a clear need to review these guidelines in light of new evidence, some of which is collated in this supplement.
Contralateral acoustic hearing aid use in adult unilateral cochlear implant recipients: Current provision, practice, and clinical experience in the UK
Venue: Cochlear implants international

The study surveyed practising cochlear implant (CI) audiologists with the aim of: (1) characterizing UK clinical practice around the management and fitting of a contralateral hearing aid (HA) in adult unilateral CI users 'bimodal aiding' (2) identifying factors that may limit the provision of bimodal aiding; and (3) ascertaining the views of audiologists on bimodal aiding.  An online survey was distributed to audiologists working at the 20 centres providing implantation services to adults in the UK.  Responses were received from 19 of the 20 centres. The majority of centres reported evaluating HAs as part of the candidacy assessment for cochlear implantation. However, a majority also indicated that they do not take responsibility for the contralateral HA following implantation, despite identifying few practical limiting factors. Bimodal aiding was viewed as more beneficial than wearing the implant alone, with most respondents actively encouraging bimodal listening where possible. Respondents reported that fitting bimodal devices to take account of each other's settings was potentially more beneficial than independently fit devices, but such sympathetic fitting was not routine practice in any centre.  The results highlight some potential inconsistencies in the provision of bimodal aiding across the UK as reported by practising audiologists. The views of audiologists about what is best practice appear to be at odds with the nature and structure of the services currently offered.  Stronger evidence that bimodal aiding can be beneficial for UK patients would be required in order for service providers to justify the routine provision of bimodal aiding and to inform guidelines to shape routine clinical practice.
Access to aidable residual hearing in adult candidates for cochlear implantation in the UK
Venue: Cochlear implants international

Guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) permits candidates to receive a cochlear implant provided they only hear sounds louder than 90 dB HL at 2 and 4 kHz. In some patients, their level of residual hearing may be sufficient to warrant the use of a hearing aid in their non implanted ear. A survey of unilaterally implanted adults indicated that those implanted since the publication of NICE guidance were almost seven times more likely to use a hearing aid than those implanted prior to this. If contralateral hearing aid use provides additional benefits over implant use alone, it may be appropriate to consider the capacity to use residual hearing following implantation when determining candidacy.
DC equipment identification using K means clustering and kNN classification techniques
Venue: 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)

Detection of steady states and identification of small electrical loads in a household or office grid are important in efficient smart energy management. This paper proposes a method that combines two machine learning techniques, unsupervised K means clustering, and supervised k Nearest Neighbours classification techniques, to train a system that can effectively identify the low voltage DC electrical load, and at the same time detect whether it is in its steady state. This is done by comparing the features extracted from signatures of the electric current waveforms of equipment. The combination of K means and kNN in the initialisation stage removes the need to know all the training elements beforehand, and thus, considerably simplifies the process. In the normal operation stage, kNN was used to identify the new unknown test element to the cluster that has the majority votes from its nearest neighbours. The centroids obtained from the K means clustering aided in the determination of whether the system is in steady state. The method has been successfully implemented on a low voltage DC office grid, with commonly used office equipment.
Improving the drug delivery characteristics of graphene oxide based polymer nanocomposites through the "one pot" synthetic approach of single electron transfer living radical polymerization

Graphene oxide (GO) based polymer nanocomposites have attracted extensive research interest recently for their outstanding physicochemical properties and potential applications. However, surface modification of GO with synthetic polymers has demonstrated to be trouble for most polymerization procedures are occurred under non aqueous solution, which will in turn lead to the restacking of GO. In this work, a facile and efficient "one pot" strategy has been developed for surface modification of GO with synthetic polymers through single electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET LRP) The GO based polymer nanocomposites were obtained via SET LRP in aqueous solution using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) as the monomer and 11 bromoundecanoic acid as the initiator, which could be effectively adsorbed on GO through hydrophobic interaction. The successful preparation of GO based polymer nanocomposites was confirmed by a series of characterization techniques such as 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resultant products exhibit high water disperisibility, excellent biocompatibility and high efficient drug loading capability, making these PEGylated GO nanocomposites promising candidates for biomedical applications.
Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Medicine as an Adjunctive Therapy on in Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Venue: Evidence based complementary and alternative medicine eCAM

We aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as an adjunctive therapy on in hospital mortality in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) Methods. We did a systematic review of articles published in any language up until Jun 23, 2015, by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CBM, and CNKI. We included all RCTs that compared outcomes of patients with AKI taking CHM plus Western treatment (WT) with those taking WT alone. We applied Cochrane risk of bias tool to assess the methodological quality of the included trials.  Of 832 citations, 15 studies involving 966 patients met inclusion criteria. The methodological quality was assessed with unclear risk of bias. In the primary outcome of meta analysis, pooled outcome of in hospital mortality showed that patients randomly assigned to CHM treatment group were associated with low risk of in hospital mortality compared with those randomly assigned to WT alone (RR 0.41; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.71; P 0.001) Conclusions. CHM as an adjunctive therapy is associated with a decreased risk of in hospital mortality compared with WT in patients with AKI. Further studies with high quality and large sample size are needed to verify our conclusions.
Spectral decomposition method of dialog state tracking via collective matrix factorization
Venue: Dialogue Discourse

The task of dialog management is commonly decomposed into two sequential subtasks: dialog state tracking and dialog policy learning. In an end to end dialog system, the aim of dialog state tracking is to accurately estimate the true dialog state from noisy observations produced by the speech recognition and the natural language understanding modules. The state tracking task is primarily meant to support a dialog policy. From a probabilistic perspective, this is achieved by maintaining a posterior distribution over hidden dialog states composed of a set of context dependent variables. Once a dialog policy is learned, it strives to select an optimal dialog act given the estimated dialog state and a defined reward function. This paper introduces a novel method of dialog state tracking based on a bilinear algebric decomposition model that provides an efficient inference schema through collective matrix factorization. We evaluate the proposed approach on the second Dialog State Tracking Challenge (DSTC 2) dataset and we show that the proposed tracker gives encouraging results compared to the state of the art trackers that participated in this standard benchmark. Finally, we show that the prediction schema is computationally efficient in comparison to the previous approaches.
Blood flow, vein and nerves detector using an NIR sensor with RLS estimation for embedded signal processing
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies (ICACCCT)

In recent years vein and nerve identification is most important role in medical field. Vein and nerve finding used for anesthesia injection during the major surgery. Nowadays doctors use manual method to find these vein, artery and nerve and they inject the medicine. Suppose they inject wrongly it will lead to major health disorder in children's and adults. So the proposed automatic detector was used. NIR (Near Infrared) technology based automatic detector is an advanced one to detect the blood flow, vein and nerves. This technique includes to sense, signal conditioning and ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) to sample electrical signal into digital values for further processing. Sensor signal was given to the LPF (Low Pass Filter) section and get the filtered output. Controller was used to verify the output signal and display the output in both LCD and LEDs. This simulated output was verified with both software and hardware.
Congenital melanocytic nevi: update in genetics and management
Venue: Current opinion in pediatrics

The article intends to review recent updates in the management of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) and the evolving genomic landscape that has begun to shed light on the nature of nevogenesis, malignant potential, and possible therapeutic targets for those with melanoma and neurologic involvement. Recent findings CMN are the result of postzygotic somatic mutations involving key proteins in the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, primarily NRAS and BRAF. Complications include a spectrum of neurologic findings and development of melanoma. Patients with extracutaneous involvement may be better termed as having 'CMN syndrome' MRI findings in high risk patients with multiple CMN may best predict clinical outcome.  The management of patients with CMN is complex. Neurologic involvement and melanoma remain the two most devastating complications. New, genetically targeted therapies for patients with complications may be of value, and research for potential therapies is ongoing.