nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating leadership research: a meta analytical test of Yukl's meta categories of leadership

The purpose of this paper is to test the theoretical proposition, put forward by Yukl et al. (2002) that the leadership constructs of transformational and transactional leadership, laissez faire, consideration, and initiating structure can be arranged into three meta categories of leadership, namely, relations, task, and change oriented leadership.,After a comprehensive literature search, 1,402 correlations from 286 sources were obtained which referred to the above mentioned leadership constructs and outcome criteria of effective leadership.,It was found that three meta categories of leadership (i.e. relations, task, and change oriented leadership) were sufficient to explain the leadership constructs of transformational and transactional leadership, laissez faire, consideration, and initiating structure. Moreover, it was also found that change oriented leadership was most effective in predicting the job satisfaction of followers. In contrast, relations oriented leadership accounted for most of the variance in both commitment and job performance.,In combination, these results allow for a more comprehensive, integrative description of effective leadership behavior.,The results have implications for leadership assessment and development as well as leader selection and feedback.,Applying Occam's razor, and in contrast to the majority of prior leadership studies, the present meta analytical study provided evidence that three categories of leadership behaviors allow for a precise and comprehensive description of effective leadership behavior.
The Effect of Antitrust Investigations on Discretionary Accruals: A Refined Test of the Political Cost Hypothesis

The antitrust laws of the United States prohibit monopolies or attempts to create a monopoly in any unregulated line of business. In the past, the two agencies that enforce these laws, the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, have relied on accounting profits in prosecuting such antitrust violations. The agencies argued that high accounting rates of return were "excessive" and indicative of monopolistic power on the part of the firm. Thus, to reduce the possibility of an unfavorable ruling and the costs associated with it, managers in firms investigated for monopoly related violations would have incentive to use accounting procedures (e.g. accounting methods, accruals) that produce abnormally low levels of income. Because the incentive to reduce income will increase as the threat of an unfavorable ruling becomes more imminent, it is expected that managers will take additional steps to lower income while being actively investigated, compared with periods of noninvestigation. The differences in political costs caused by the antitrust investigation are used to provide a refined test of the political cost hypothesis. In particular, the study examines, on a longitudinal basis, whether managers respond to these investigations by adjusting their discretionary accruals. The discretionary accruals for 48 firms that were investigated for monopoly related violations were estimated over a 15 year period by using the residuals of a fixed effects covariance model that regressed total accruals on the change in sales, the fixed asset balance, and dummy variables
Is There Evidence that Runners can Benefit from Wearing Compression Clothing?
Venue: Sports Medicine

BackgroundRunners at various levels of performance and specializing in different events (from 800 m to marathons) wear compression socks, sleeves, shorts, and/or tights in attempt to improve their performance and facilitate recovery. Recently, a number of publications reporting contradictory results with regard to the influence of compression garments in this context have appeared.ObjectivesTo assess original research on the effects of compression clothing (socks, calf sleeves, shorts, and tights) on running performance and recovery.MethodA computerized research of the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science was performed in September of 2015, and the relevant articles published in peer reviewed journals were thus identified rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Studies examining effects on physiological, psychological, and/or biomechanical parameters during or after running were included, and means and measures of variability for the outcome employed to calculate Hedges'g effect size and associated 95 confidence intervals for comparison of experimental (compression) and control (non compression) trials.ResultsCompression garments exerted no statistically significant mean effects on running performance (times for a (half) marathon, 15 km trail running, 5 and 10 km runs, and 400 m sprint) maximal and submaximal oxygen uptake, blood lactate concentrations, blood gas kinetics, cardiac parameters (including heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume) body and perceived temperature, or the performance of strength related tasks after running. Small positive effect sizes were calculated for the time to exhaustion (in incremental or step tests) running economy (including biomechanical variables) clearance of blood lactate, perceived exertion, maximal voluntary isometric contraction and peak leg muscle power immediately after running, and markers of muscle damage and inflammation. The body core temperature was moderately affected by compression, while the effect size values for post exercise leg soreness and the delay in onset of muscle fatigue indicated large positive effects. present findings suggest that by wearing compression clothing, runners may improve variables related to endurance performance (i.e. time to exhaustion) slightly, due to improvements in running economy, biomechanical variables, perception, and muscle temperature. They should also benefit from reduced muscle pain, damage, and inflammation.
Micro/Nano Neuronal Network Cell Biosensors

Neuronal network cell biosensors were developed by coupling the neuronal network with multisite detection devices. In this chapter, we will mainly focus on three major issues, including the patterned growth of neuronal networks, principles of various detection devices, and the application of neuronal network based biosensors in the field of neuroscience and biomedicine. In the culture of neuronal networks, several neuronal patterning techniques will be discussed in detail, such as photolithography, micro contact printing, microfluidics, etc. The transfection methods were employed in the bioengineering of neuronal networks in order to modify the function of neuronal network. In the field of neuronal network based biosensor, there are two kinds of multisite detection devices: microelectrode array (MEA) and field effect transistor (FET) The basic working principle of FET and its advantages will be presented. Based on this knowledge, two other emerging FETs utilized nanomaterials (graphene FET and nanowire FET) will also be introduced. At the end, some examples of neuronal network based biosensors will be presented by discussing their application in the neuroscience research and drug detection.
Towards Automatically Classifying Depressive Symptoms from Twitter Data for Population Health
Venue: PEOPLES@COLING

Major depressive disorder, a debilitating and burdensome disease experienced by individuals worldwide, can be defined by several depressive symptoms (e.g. anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) depressed mood, difficulty concentrating, etc. Individuals often discuss their experiences with depression symptoms on public social media platforms like Twitter, providing a potentially useful data source for monitoring population level mental health risk factors. In a step towards developing an automated method to estimate the prevalence of symptoms associated with major depressive disorder over time in the United States using Twitter, we developed classifiers for discerning whether a Twitter tweet represents no evidence of depression or evidence of depression. If there was evidence of depression, we then classified whether the tweet contained a depressive symptom and if so, which of three subtypes: depressed mood, disturbed sleep, or fatigue or loss of energy. We observed that the most accurate classifiers could predict classes with high to moderate F1 score performances for no evidence of depression (85) evidence of depression (52) and depressive symptoms (49) We report moderate F1 scores for depressive symptoms ranging from 75 (fatigue or loss of energy) to 43 (disturbed sleep) to 35 (depressed mood) Our work demonstrates baseline approaches for automatically encoding Twitter data with granular depressive symptoms associated with major depressive disorder.
Internet Communication Disorder: It's a Matter of Social Aspects, Coping, and Internet Use Expectancies
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Online communication applications such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter are some of the most frequently used Internet applications. There is a growing amount of individuals suffering diminished control over their use of online communication applications which leads to diverse negative consequences in offline life. This could be referred to as Internet communication disorder (ICD) The current study investigates the role of individual characteristics (e.g. psychopathological symptoms, feelings of loneliness) and specific cognitions. In a sample of 485 participants a structural equation model was tested to investigate predictors and mediators which may predict an excessive use. The results emphasize that a higher level of social loneliness and less perceived social support enhance the risk of a pathological use. The effects of psychopathological symptoms (depression and social anxiety) as well as individual characteristics (self esteem, self efficacy, and stress vulnerability) on ICD symptoms are mediated by Internet use expectancies and dysfunctional coping mechanisms. The results illustrate mediation effects which are in line with the theoretical model by Brand et al. (2016) As suggested in the model social aspects seem to be key predictors of ICD symptoms. Further research should investigate convergent and divergent factors of other types of specific Internet use disorders.
Joint Learning of Single Image and Cross Image Representations for Person Re identification
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Person re identification has been usually solved as either the matching of single image representation (SIR) or the classification of cross image representation (CIR) In this work, we exploit the connection between these two categories of methods, and propose a joint learning frame work to unify SIR and CIR using convolutional neural network (CNN) Specifically, our deep architecture contains one shared sub network together with two sub networks that extract the SIRs of given images and the CIRs of given image pairs, respectively. The SIR sub network is required to be computed once for each image (in both the probe and gallery sets) and the depth of the CIR sub network is required to be minimal to reduce computational burden. Therefore, the two types of representation can be jointly optimized for pursuing better matching accuracy with moderate computational cost. Furthermore, the representations learned with pairwise comparison and triplet comparison objectives can be combined to improve matching performance. Experiments on the CUHK03, CUHK01 and VIPeR datasets show that the proposed method can achieve favorable accuracy while compared with state of the arts.
The language use, attitudes, and motivation of Chinese students prior to a semester long sojourn in an English speaking environment

Second language acquisition scholars have long recognized that language attitudes and motivation can play a critical role in second language (L2) learning, leading to variations in willingness to communicate (WTC) and initiate interactions in that language. This paper reports on the pre sojourn phase of a mixed method study that investigated the language and intercultural learning of 149 Chinese students from a Hong Kong university who participated in a semester long exchange program in an English speaking country. By way of a questionnaire survey, document analysis (e.g. study plans) and in depth interviews, the first phase examined their pre sojourn language use, attitudes, and motivation, as well as their aims, expectations, and concerns about their impending study and residence in the host environment. Studies of this nature are essential to provide direction for pre sojourn orientations and other interventions that can support and optimize the language enhancement and intercultural engagement of outgoing L2 international exchange students.
Effects of project based learning on speaking abilities of non english major Chinese students

Non English major Chinese students have serious problems with speaking English since they are in the teacher centered class and fail to have opportunities to use English. In the present study, projectbased learning (PBL) as a student centered, instructional approach was integrated into the English classroom in the Chinese context. The study investigated the effect of PBL on non English major students' speaking ability, and students' opinions on PBL in Kaili University. Eighty students participated in this study. The data of the present study were collected via the speaking pre posttest, the questionnaire and the semi structured interview. The quantitative data was analyzed by t test and descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was analyzed by the analysis method adapted from O'Connor, Gibson (2003) The results revealed that PBL had positive effects on non English major students' speaking ability and students' opinions. Moreover, other unexpected outcomes were reported positively, for instance, the development of technology skills. Therefore, the findings of the current study may benefit colleges and universities which have problems in instructing English speaking skill in China. Additionally, the findings of the present study may provide valuable information for the researchers who are interested in cooperating PBL into their teaching.
Development of Analytical Models to Estimate Pile Setup in Cohesive Soils Based on FE Numerical Analyses
Venue: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering

This paper presents the numerical simulation of pile installation and the subsequent increase in the pile capacity over time (or setup) after installation that was performed using the finite element software Abaqus. In the first part, pile installation and the following load tests were simulated numerically using the volumetric cavity expansion concept. The anisotropic modified Cam Clay and Dracker Prager models were adopted in the FE model to describe the behavior of the clayey and sandy soils, respectively. The proposed FE model proposed was successfully validated through simulating two full scale instrumented driven pile case studies. In the second part, over 100 different actual properties of individual soil layers distracted from literature were used in the finite element analysis to conduct parametric study and to evaluate the effect of different soil properties on the pile setup behavior. The setup factor A was targeted here to describe the pile setup as a function of time after the end of driving. The selected soil properties in this study to evaluate the setup factor A include: soil plasticity index (PI) undrained shear strength (Su) vertical coefficient of consolidation (Cv) sensitivity ratio (Sr) and over consolidation ratio (OCR) The predicted setup factor showed direct proportion with the PI and Sr and inverse relation with Su, Cv and OCR. These soil properties were selected as independent variables, and nonlinear multivariable regression analysis was performed using Gauss Newton algorithm to develop appropriate regression models for A. Best models were selected among all based on level of errors of prediction, which were validated with additional nineteen different site information available in the literature. The results indicated that the developed model is able to predict the setup behavior for individual cohesive soil layers, especially for values of setup factor greater than 0.10, which is the most expectable case in nature.
Pemberian Ekstrak Air Panas Spirulina platensis melalui Perendaman Terhadap Total leukosit, Indeks fagositosis dan konsentrasi TNF a Osphronemous gouramy

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh imunostimulan ekstrak air panas Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) pada ikan gurame Osphronemous gouramy. Pada penelitian ini ekstrak air panas Spirulina diuji apakah dapat meningkatkan mekanisme non spesifik melalui parameter total leukosit, indeks fagositosis dan konsentrasi TNF a pada hari ke 3, 5, 7dan 14 setelah perendaman ekstrak air panas Spirulina dengan dosis 15 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm dan tanpa imunostimulan (kontrol) selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak air panas Spirulina dapat meningkatkan total leukosit dan indeks fagositosis pada darah dan konsentrasi TNF a pada serum darah. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varian dilanjutkan dengan Duncan. Pada hasil menunjukkan ekstrak air panas Spirulina dapat meningkatkan total leukosit, indeks dan konsentrasi TNF a (P<0.05) Ekstrak air panas Spirulina dengan dosis 30 ppm dapat meningkatkan total leukosit dan indeks fagositosis pada hari keempat belas dan konsentrasi TNF a pada hari ke tujuh dbandingkan kontrol. Ekstrak air panas Spirulina dapat memberikan pengaruh pada imun non spesifik ikan gurame.  Osphronemus gouramy, ekstrak air panas, Spirulina platensis
Aktivitas Anti Oksidan Fikosianin Dari Spirulina Sp. Menggunakan Metode Transfer Elektron Dengan DPPH (1,1 difenil 2 pikrilhidrazil)

Mikroalga Spirulina sp. Memiliki kandungan fikosianin yang tinggi. Fikosianin berpotensi sebagai pewarna biru alami dan antioksidan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan fikosianin dari ekstrak Spirulina sp.dengan metode transfer elektron dengan DPPH (1,1 diphenyl picrilhydrazil) Spirulinasp. Diekstraksi dengan akuades dan buffer fosfat pH 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan fikosianin Spirulina sp. Yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut aquadest adalah 45,16+ 1,13 mg/g dw dan 60,51+ 0,11mg/g dw yang diekstraksi dengan pelarut buffer fosfat pH 7. Aktivitas antioksi dan fikosianin yang diekstraksi dengan aquades lebih tinggi (IC 50 110,80 ppm) dibandingkan fikosianin yang diekstraksi dengan buffer fosfat pH 7 (IC 50 =186,76 ppm) Keduanya termasuk dalam kategori antioksidan yang lemah. Kata kunci Spirulina sp. Fikosianin, Aktivitas Antioksidan, IC50 Microalga Spirulina sp. has a high content of phycocyanin. Phycocyanin has potential as a natural blue colorant and antioxidants. The aim ofthis study wasdetermine the antioxidant activity of phycocianin extracted from Spirulina sp by electron transfer method with DPPH (1,1 diphenyl picrilhydrazil) Spirulina sp was extracted by aquadest and phosphat buffer pH 7. The results showed that content of phycocyanin of Spirulina sp. extracted with aquadest was 45.16+ 1.13 mg/g dw and 60.51+ 0.11 mg/g dw that extracted with phosphate buffer pH 7. Antioxidant activityof phycocianin extracted with aquadest was higher (IC50=110,80 ppm) than phycocianin extracted with phosphate buffer pH7(IC50=186.76ppm) Both are included in the weak antioxidants category.  Spirulina sp. Phycocyanin, Antioxidant Activity, IC50
A Fair Trade off? Paradoxes in the Governance of Fair trade Social Enterprises

This paper explores how fair trade social enterprises (FTSEs) manage paradoxes in stakeholder oriented governance models. We use narrative accounts from board members, at governance events and board documents to report an exploratory study of paradoxes in three FTSEs which are partly farmer owned. Having synthesized the key social enterprise governance literature and framed it alongside the broader paradox theory, we used narratives to explore how tensions are articulated, how they can be applied within an adapted paradox framework, and how governance actors seek to mitigate paradoxes. The paper contributes to current debates in social enterprise scholarship concerning hybridity (Pache and Santos, Acad Manag Rev 35(3):455 476, 2010; in Institutional logics in action, Part B (Research in the sociology of organizations) 2012) hybrid organizing (Battilana and Lee, Acad Manag Ann 8(1):397 441, 2014) and operational tensions (Smith et al. Bus Eth Q 23(3):407 442, 2013) by illustrating empirically how the central social/enterprise paradox manifests in FTSEs governance arrangements. We build on the paradox categories proposed by Luscher and Lewis ( 2008) and adapted in Smith et al. (Bus Eth Q 23(3):407 442, 2013) by developing a recursive model of legitimacy seeking governance processes, conceptualizing how boards seek to mitigate, but not necessarily resolve, paradoxes.
Planned or emergent strategy making? Exploring the formation of corporate sustainability strategies

In strategy research, there is a consensus that strategy making resides on a continuum from planned to emergent where most strategies are made in a mixed way. Different contingency factors have been suggested to explain the factors that influence strategy making. Sustainability research seems to overlook most of this development and assumes instead that sustainability strategies are made in a purely planned way. We contribute to a better understanding of the role of different strategy making modes for sustainability in three ways. First, we point to the bias towards planned strategy formation in sustainability research. Second, we propose a new contingency factor to help explain sustainability strategy making based on the nature of the problem addressed. Third, we discuss strategy making for different types of sustainability problems. We argue that planned strategy making is expected for salient and non wicked problems while emergent strategy making is likely for non salient and wicked problems.
New Perspectives on the Use of Phytochemicals as an Emergent Strategy to Control Bacterial Infections Including Biofilms
Venue: Molecules

The majority of current infectious diseases are almost untreatable by conventional antibiotic therapy given the advent of multidrug resistant bacteria. The degree of severity and the persistence of infections are worsened when microorganisms form biofilms. Therefore, efforts are being applied to develop new drugs not as vulnerable as the current ones to bacterial resistance mechanisms, and also able to target bacteria in biofilms. Natural products, especially those obtained from plants, have proven to be outstanding compounds with unique properties, making them perfect candidates for these much needed therapeutics. This review presents the current knowledge on the potentialities of plant products as antibiotic adjuvants to restore the therapeutic activity of drugs. Further, the difficulties associated with the use of the existing antibiotics in the treatment of biofilm related infections are described. To counteract the biofilm resistance problems, innovative strategies are suggested based on literature data. Among the proposed strategies, the use of phytochemicals to inhibit or eradicate biofilms is highlighted. An overview on the use of phytochemicals to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing (QS) signaling pathways and underlying phenotypes is provided. The use of phytochemicals as chelating agents and efflux pump inhibitors is also reviewed.