nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Representing Representation: Integration between the Temporal Lobe and the Posterior Cingulate Influences the Content and Form of Spontaneous Thought
Venue: PloS one

When not engaged in the moment, we often spontaneously represent people, places and events that are not present in the environment. Although this capacity has been linked to the default mode network (DMN) it remains unclear how interactions between the nodes of this network give rise to particular mental experiences during spontaneous thought. One hypothesis is that the core of the DMN integrates information from medial and lateral temporal lobe memory systems, which represent different aspects of knowledge. Individual differences in the connectivity between temporal lobe regions and the default mode network core would then predict differences in the content and form of people's spontaneous thoughts. This study tested this hypothesis by examining the relationship between seed based functional connectivity and the contents of spontaneous thought recorded in a laboratory study several days later. Variations in connectivity from both medial and lateral temporal lobe regions was associated with different patterns of spontaneous thought and these effects converged on an overlapping region in the posterior cingulate cortex. We propose that the posterior core of the DMN acts as a representational hub that integrates information represented in medial and lateral temporal lobe and this process is important in determining the content and form of spontaneous thought.
Awareness of droplet and airborne isolation precautions among dental health professionals during the outbreak of corona virus infection in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia
Venue: Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry

This study aimed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice of airborne and droplet isolation precautions among Dental Health Professionals (DHPs) (dental students, interns, practitioners and auxiliaries) during the outbreak of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) corona virus infection in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.  A cross sectional survey was conducted among 406 dental health professionals (DHPs) working in selected dental facilities in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia during the outbreak of MERS (April June 2013) A structured, close ended, self administered questionnaire explored the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards droplet and isolation precautions. Collected data was subjected to descriptive statistics to express demographic information, mean knowledge score, mean attitude score and practice score of DHPs. Inferential statistics (Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis tests, p 0.05) were used to examine differences between study variables. Spearman's rho correlation was used to identify the association between the knowledge attitude, knowledge practice, and attitude practice.  A response rate of rate of 90.22% (406 out of 452) was obtained. The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice were 10.61 1.19, 50.54 7.53 and 8.50 2.14 respectively. Spearman's correlation test revealed a significant linear positive correlation between knowledge and attitude (r 0.501, P 0.01) knowledge and practice (r 0.185, P 0.01) and attitude and practice (r 0.351, P 0.01) of DHPs about airborne isolation precautions.  Dental health professionals considered in the present study showed good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice towards droplet and airborne isolation precautions during outbreak of MERS. Knowledge, attitude, practice, droplet, airborne, precaution, dental professionals.
Magnetic albumin immuno nanospheres as an efficient gene delivery system for a potential use in lung cancer: preparation, in vitro targeting and biological effect analysis
Venue: Journal of drug targeting

Magnetic albumin immuno nanospheres (MAINs) simultaneously loaded with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeting application and anticancer gene, plasmid survivin/shRNA (pshRNA) and modified with anti EGFR monoclonal antibody Cetuximab for targeting and treatment agents, were prepared for targeting lung cancer. Transmission electron microscopy images and transfection photographs, respectively, showed that magnetic nanoparticles and pshRNA were successfully encased in the albumin nanospheres. The release profiles in vitro indicated that nanospheres had an obvious effect of sustained release of pshRNA. The results of slide agglutination test and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that the immuno nanospheres retained the immuno reactivity of Cetuximab. The MAINs significantly increased adherence and uptake by GLC 82 lung cancer cells over expressed epidermal growth factor receptor over a magnetic albumin nanospheres (MANs) control. The pshRNA loaded MAINs formulation was more effective than equimolar doses of free Cetuximab, single magnetic targeting with pshRNA (pshRNA loaded MANs) or single monoclonal antibody targeting with pshRNA (pshRNA loaded AINs) in the treatment of GLC 82 lung cancer cells. Collectively, the study indicates that the novel pshRNA loaded magnetic immuno nanospheres represent a promising approach for magnetic and monoclonal antibody dependent gene targeting in lung cancer therapy.
Nanometer Size Effect on Hydrogen Sites in Palladium Lattice.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Nanometer sized materials attract much attention because their physical and chemical properties are substantially different from those of bulk materials owing to their size and surface effects. In this work, neutron powder diffraction experiments on the nanoparticles of palladium hydride, which is the most popular metal hydride, have been performed at 300, 150, and 44 K to investigate the positions of the hydrogen atoms in the face centered cubic (fcc) lattice of palladium. We used high quality PdD0.363 nanocrystals with a diameter of 8.0 0.9 nm. The Rietveld analysis revealed that 30% of D atoms are located at the tetrahedral (T) sites and 70% at the octahedral (O) sites. In contrast, only the O sites are occupied in bulk palladium hydride and in most fcc metal hydrides. The temperature dependence of the T site occupancy suggested that the T sites are occupied only in a limited part, probably in the subsurface region, of the nanoparticles. This is the first study to determine the hydrogen sites in metal nanoparticles.
Network Coding Based Reliable IPv6 Packet Delivery Over IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard have been increasingly applied in vehicular and transportation related applications. The 6LoWPAN protocol is used in delivering Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) packets over WPANs using the mesh under routing (MUR) or route over routing (ROR) mechanisms. When delivering an IPv6 packet over a multihop route consisting of unreliable links in a WPAN, the probability that the packet is successfully delivered at the destination, i.e. the packet delivery ratio (PDR) via MUR or ROR can be very small. This paper proposes the Reliable IPv6 Packet Delivery Scheme (RIPDS) which overcomes the aforementioned problem and considerably improves the PDR. RIPDS achieves a high PDR by use of network coding to encode the fragments of an IPv6 packet into multiple encoded packets, such that, regardless of the loss of some encoded packets, the original fragments and the original IPv6 packet can be still recovered by the node that receives some other encoded packets. The PDR and end to end packet latency under RIPDS, MUR, the controlled MUR (CtrMUR) and ROR are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed RIPDS outperforms the existing routing schemes such as ROR, MUR, and the CtrMUR, both in PDR and packet latency.
Open innovation: reaching out to the grass roots through SMEs exploring issues of opportunities and challenges to reach economic sustainability

This book chapter was published in the IGI Global (c) 2016 IGI Global] and the definite version is available at http:/doi.org/10.4018/978 1 5225 0556 3.ch012 The Journal's website is at: https:/www.igi global.com/gateway/chapter/157810
Creatine ingestion augments dietary carbohydrate mediated muscle glycogen supercompensation during the initial 24 h of recovery following prolonged exhaustive exercise in humans
Venue: Amino Acids

Muscle glycogen availability can limit endurance exercise performance. We previously demonstrated 5 days of creatine (Cr) and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion augmented post exercise muscle glycogen storage compared to CHO feeding alone in healthy volunteers. Here, we aimed to characterise the time course of this Cr induced response under more stringent and controlled experimental conditions and identify potential mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon. Fourteen healthy, male volunteers cycled to exhaustion at 70 VO2peak. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest immediately post exercise and after 1, 3 and 6 days of recovery, during which Cr or placebo supplements (20 g day 1) were ingested along with a prescribed high CHO diet (37.5 kcal kg body mass 1 day 1, >80 calories CHO) Oral glucose tolerance tests (oral GTT) were performed pre exercise and after 1, 3 and 6 days of Cr and placebo supplementation. Exercise depleted muscle glycogen content to the same extent in both treatment groups. Creatine supplementation increased muscle total Cr, free Cr and phosphocreatine (PCr) content above placebo following 1, 3 and 6 days of supplementation (all P 0.05) Creatine supplementation also increased muscle glycogen content noticeably above placebo after 1 day of supplementation (P 0.05) which was sustained thereafter. This study confirmed dietary Cr augments post exercise muscle glycogen super compensation, and demonstrates this occurred during the initial 24 h of post exercise recovery (when muscle total Cr had increased by <10 This marked response ensued without apparent treatment differences in muscle insulin sensitivity (oral GTT, muscle GLUT4 mRNA) osmotic stress (muscle c fos and HSP72 mRNA) or muscle cell volume (muscle water content) responses, such that another mechanism must be causative.
Oral ketone body supplementation accelerates and enhances glycogen synthesis in human skeletal muscle following exhaustive exercise

Physical endurance is limited by muscle carbohydrate stores (glyco gen) 1. Glycogen depletion dramatically reduces external work 2. Ketone bodies (D b hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) are natural 4 carbon molecules synthe sised in the fasted liver. Animal studies show that ketones increase glycogen synthesis in the presence of carbohydrate 3,4. The study hypothesis is that ketone supplementation augments replenishment of glycogen stores in man, beyond that achieved by optimum carbohydrate provision alone.  12 well trained British Forces servicemen underwent a validated interval protocol to deplete muscle glycogen. They were randomised to control drink intravenous carbohydrate (Cont CHO) ketone drink intravenous carbohydrate (Ket CHO) or control drink intravenous saline (Cont saline) in a randomised, blinded, crossover study. Carbohydrate was delivered by standardised 2 hour 10mM glucose hyperglcaemic clamp. Glycogen was measured in muscle biopsies (pre and post feeding)  Ketone supplementation achieved a D b hydroxybutyrate of 5.3( 0.48) vs. 0.4( 0.1) mmol/L with Cont CHO condition. There was an associated 33% increase in whole body glucose disposal 125.8( 4.2) vs. 94.7( 3.2) g, for Ket CHO vs Cont CHO (p<0.001) Muscle glycogen increased significantly 246( 32.4) vs 164( 12.5) mmol glycosyl units/kg dry weight of muscle (p=0.017) and insulin levels doubled: 31.1( 5.7) vs 16.4( 2.7) mU/L (p<0.01) for Ket CHO vs Cont CHO.  There is increased glucose uptake and higher muscle glycogen deposition following ketone supplementation in man, beyond levels achievable by 'gold standard' high dose intravenous glucose infusion alone. The additional novel finding of a doubling of endogenous insulin has significant implications for the augmentation of exercise recovery and anabolic metabolism. A study of the glycogen metabolism during exercise in man. Effect of acetoacetate on glucose metabolism in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of the rat. Nonglucose substrates increase glycogen synthesis in vivo in dog heart. Where applicable, the authors confirm that the experiments described here conform with the Physiological Society ethical requirements. Oxygen insufficiency (hypoxia) is a condition prevalent amongst a range of diseased populations. Furthering our understanding of hypoxic acclimation and of potential methods to alleviate hypoxic stress is thus highly clinically relevant. A controversial aspect of acclimation is skeletal muscle metabolic remodelling, a process that may be aided by nitrate supplementation. Mechanisms of nitrate action have been shown to involve interaction with a master regulator of fat metabolism, peroxisome prolif erator activated receptor alpha (PPARa)  In this study, the potential for nitrate to aid hypoxic acclimatisation in skeletal muscle (soleus) and the role of PPARa in this Oral Communications 34P process were investigated. Wild type (WT)
Parents of children diagnosed with cancer: work situation and sick leave, a five year post end of treatment or a child's death follow up study
Venue: Acta oncologica

Cancer in a child is associated with a significant impact on parental employment. We assessed the proportions of parents of survivors and bereaved parents working and reporting sick leave five years after end of successful treatment (ST)/child's death (T7) compared with one year after end of ST/child's death (T6) and the association between partial post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and work situation and sick leave at T7.  The sample included 152 parents of survivors (77 mothers, 75 fathers) and 42 bereaved parents (22 mothers, 20 fathers) of children diagnosed with cancer in Sweden.  The proportions of parents working or reporting sick leave did not differ among mothers and fathers of survivors (92% vs. 96% working, 20% vs. 18% on sick leave) or among bereaved mothers and fathers (91% vs. 90% working, 14% vs. 20% on sick leave) at T7. There was no change from T6 to T7 in the proportion of fathers working (fathers of survivors 91% vs. 96% bereaved fathers 95% vs. 90% Although more mothers of survivors (92% vs. 82% and bereaved mothers (91% vs. 77% worked at T7 than at T6, this increase was not significant. Fewer bereaved mothers reported sick leave at T7 than at T6 (14% vs. 59% p 0.05) Although more fathers reported sick leave at T7 than at T6 (fathers of survivors 18% vs. 8% bereaved fathers 20% vs. 15% this was not significant. Partial PTSD was not associated with parents' work situation or sick leave at T7.  Results suggest little adverse effect on work situation and sick leave among parents of survivors and bereaved parents five years after end of ST/child's death from cancer. However, the pattern of change observed differed between parents, which could potentially indicate possible delayed consequences for fathers not captured in the present paper.
Deconvolutional Feature Stacking for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation

A weakly supervised semantic segmentation framework with a tied deconvolutional neural network is presented. Each deconvolution layer in the framework consists of unpooling and deconvolution operations. 'Unpooling' upsamples the input feature map based on unpooling switches defined by corresponding convolution layer's pooling operation. 'Deconvolution' convolves the input unpooled features by using convolutional weights tied with the corresponding convolution layer's convolution operation. The unpooling deconvolution combination helps to eliminate less discriminative features in a feature extraction stage, since output features of the deconvolution layer are reconstructed from the most discriminative unpooled features instead of the raw one. This results in reduction of false positives in a pixel level inference stage. All the feature maps restored from the entire deconvolution layers can constitute a rich discriminative feature set according to different abstraction levels. Those features are stacked to be selectively used for generating class specific activation maps. Under the weak supervision (image level labels) the proposed framework shows promising results on lesion segmentation in medical images (chest X rays) and achieves state of the art performance on the PASCAL VOC segmentation dataset in the same experimental condition.
Priority based heuristics for the multi skill resource constrained project scheduling problem
Venue: Expert Syst. Appl.

The proposed heuristic achieves near optimal solutions in different sized instances.The heuristic is based on the well known parallel scheduling scheme (RCPSP).Two new concepts were introduced to cope with the existence of multi skilled resources.The heuristic outperforms a commercial solver both in time and solution quality. In this paper we investigate one of the most recent extensions of the Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) the Multi Skill Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (MSRCPSP) For this complex problem we propose the use of a parallel scheduling scheme. Such scheme has been successfully applied to the RCPSP. Nevertheless, in order to apply it to the MSRCPSP two new concepts are developed: resource weight and activity grouping. We discuss such concepts and use them for the new heuristic framework proposed. A series of computational tests performed using a large number of instances and reported in this paper shows that the new heuristic is very effective in finding high quality solutions within very small CPU times.
Patch Testing for Evaluation of Hypersensitivity to Implanted Metal Devices: A Perspective From the American Contact Dermatitis Society
Venue: Dermatitis contact, atopic, occupational, drug

The American Contact Dermatitis Society recognizes the interest in the evaluation and management of metal hypersensitivity reactions. Given the paucity of robust evidence with which to guide our practices, we provide reasonable evidence and expert opinion based guidelines for clinicians with regard to metal hypersensitivity reaction testing and patient management. Routine preoperative evaluation in individuals with no history of adverse cutaneous reactions to metals or history of previous implant related adverse events is not necessary. Patients with a clear self reported history of metal reactions should be evaluated by patch testing before device implant. Patch testing is only 1 element in the assessment of causation in those with postimplantation morbidity. Metal exposure from the implanted device can cause sensitization, but a positive metal test does not prove symptom causality. The decision to replace an implanted device must include an assessment of all clinical factors and a thorough risk benefit analysis by the treating physician(s) and patient.
The Long Term Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit on Children's Education and Employment Outcomes

Using 4 decades of variation in the federal and state Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) we estimate the impact of exposure to EITC expansions in childhood on education and employment outcomes in adulthood. Reduced form results suggest that an additional $1,000 in EITC exposure when a child is 13 18 years old increases the likelihood of completing high school (1.3% completing college (4.2% and being employed as a young adult (1.0% and earnings by 2.2% Our analysis reveals that the primary channel through which the EITC improves these outcomes is increases in pretax family earnings.
Brand Attachment on Service Loyalty in Banking Sector

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of brand attachment on service loyalty to the services provided by financial sector. As one of the extremely valuable assets of every firm is its brand, attachment creates a deep emotional link between the consumers and the brand such that it contributes to the success of brand management process. To this end, the effects of two dimensions of the construct (brand self connection and brand prominence) on each of the dimensions of service loyalty would be explored. The questionnaire is based on Park et al. (2010) and Sudhahar et al. (2006) The results of structural equations modeling indicated that brand attachment had a significant positive effect on service loyalty. Furthermore, the existed a positive effect on the dimensions of brand attachmentiai.e. brand self connection and brand prominenceiaand all dimensions of loyaltyiai.e. behavioral, attitudinal, cognitive, conative, affective, commitment, and trust) Among them, brand self connection had the highest effect on cognitive loyalty, trust based loyalty, and commitment based loyalty while brand prominence was most effective on affective loyalty, cognitive loyalty, and trust based loyalty.Because of the increase in the number of institutions in banking sector and the diversity of services they offer, banking managers can take the advantage of using the results of brand attachment's effect on the study variables and enhance the loyalty to their services.
The Application of Reader Response Theory in Enhancing Student Teachers' Affective and Linguistic Growth: A Classroom Action Research in EFL Teacher Education in Indonesia

The study investigates the significance of the application of Rosenblatt's reader response theory for teaching literature in EFL teacher education in Indonesia. As the body of literature suggests, reader response strategies potentially offer students multilayered benefits such as promoting aesthetic experience, empowering students' voices, and improving students' motivation and interest in reading as well as literacy (reading writing) achievement. Reader response strategies can potentially involve readers' cognitive and affective aspects that are indicated by their reflections of their active classroom involvement. In addition, their written reader responses may include varied strategies. The study, thus, is concerned with Beach and Marshall's (1991) seven types of strategies: engaging, describing, conceiving, explaining, connecting, interpreting, and judging. As an effort in improving the subjects from the psychological and linguistic perspectives, the study was concerned with classroom action research. The one semester long two cycle study was focused on the Prose class. The purposively selected student teachers (N=36) of varied racial and cultural backgrounds from the third grade of the English department and the teacher as the researcher participated in the study. The progress made by the students in each cycle of the teaching as reflected in literacy events such as group and classroom discussions and writing journals were qualitatively analyzed with reference to the emerging themes of students' response strategies. Categorization of response strategies of the subjects was based on the coded emerging reader responses with reference to aforementioned Beach and Marshall's (1991) seven response strategies. The findings suggest that there have been improvements in terms of their boldness and self confidence in expressing ideas, involvement in classroom activities, and linguistic growth such as writing skill. In addition, the study offers pedagogical implications for the subjects' future classroom practices.