nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Over Nickel Phosphorus Alumina Xerogel Catalyst Prepared by a Carbon Templating Epoxide Driven Sol Gel Method.
Venue: Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology

A nickel phosphorus alumina xerogel catalyst was prepared by a carbon templating epoxide driven sol gel method (denoted as CNPA catalyst) and it was applied to the hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG) For comparison, a nickel phosphorus alumina xerogel catalyst was also prepared by a similar method in the absence of carbon template (denoted as NPA catalyst) The effect of carbon template addition on the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of the catalysts in the steam reforming of LNG was investigated. Both CNPA and NPA catalysts showed excellent textural properties with well developed mesoporous structure. However, CNPA catalyst retained a more reducible nickel aluminate phase than NPA catalyst. XRD analysis of the reduced CNPA and NPA catalysts revealed that nickel sintering on the CNPA catalyst was suppressed compared to that on the NPA catalyst. From H2 TPD and CH4 TPD measurements of the reduced CNPA and NPA catalysts, it was also revealed that CNPA catalyst with large amount of hydrogen uptake and strong hydrogen binding sites showed larger amount of methane adsorption than NPA catalyst. In the hydrogen production by steam reforming of LNG, CNPA catalyst with large methane adsorption capacity showed a better catalytic activity than NPA catalyst.
Network forensics: Review, taxonomy, and open challenges
Venue: J. Netw. Comput. Appl.

In recent years, a number of network forensics techniques have been proposed to investigate the increasing number of cybercrimes. Network forensics techniques assist in tracking internal and external network attacks by focusing on inherent network vulnerabilities and communication mechanisms. However, investigation of cybercrime becomes more challenging when cyber criminals erase the traces in order to avoid detection. Therefore, network forensics techniques employ mechanisms to facilitate investigation by recording every single packet and event that is disseminated into the network. As a result, it allows identification of the origin of the attack through reconstruction of the recorded data. In the current literature, network forensics techniques are studied on the basis of forensic tools, process models and framework implementations. However, a comprehensive study of cybercrime investigation using network forensics frameworks along with a critical review of present network forensics techniques is lacking. In other words, our study is motivated by the diversity of digital evidence and the difficulty of addressing numerous attacks in the network using network forensics techniques. Therefore, this paper reviews the fundamental mechanism of network forensics techniques to determine how network attacks are identified in the network. Through an extensive review of related literature, a thematic taxonomy is proposed for the classification of current network forensics techniques based on its implementation as well as target data sets involved in the conducting of forensic investigations. The critical aspects and significant features of the current network forensics techniques are investigated using qualitative analysis technique. We derive significant parameters from the literature for discussing the similarities and differences in existing network forensics techniques. The parameters include framework nature, mechanism, target dataset, target instance, forensic processing, time of investigation, execution definition, and objective function. Finally, open research challenges are discussed in network forensics to assist researchers in selecting the appropriate domains for further research and obtain ideas for exploring optimal techniques for investigating cyber crimes.
Docker container security via heuristics based multilateral security conceptual and pragmatic study
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT)

In this paper we attempt to provide unified security and privacy multilateral security architecture for cloud services stack, using key latest technology via LxC in general and Docker containers in specific. Docker is one of the first to use LxC at such a large scale, but LxC is not a very new concept, it is around for quite some time. Docker container service is a key Platform as a Service (PaaS) based engine. Unified layered cloud computing multilateral security implementation addresses the potential risks associated with cloud computing environment. It also specifies when, at what time, where, and how to apply security controls. Unified Design includes the structured connection between the components of cloud ecosystem for basket and bucket of unified cloud based hybrid services using micro service oriented venture architectural services realized in terms of PAAS using Docker container as a service. We surveyed various industry/academic professionals and based on our experience we tried to understand the challenges they faced while using the cloud system. We tried to understand the security challenges, incidents, story pieces, accidents, experience they faced while designing, implementing and using the cloud services/resources virtually via online. This work helps to assess the security design and architecture quality using multilateral security framework for Docker container. We try to present the architecture using OSI/TCP/IP stack model with reference to Cloud service stack model and deployment stack model and try to propose the balanced multilateral security prototype with reference to Docker Container security architecture.
Vaxar: A Web Based Database of Laboratory Animal Responses to Vaccinations and Its Application in the Meta Analysis of Different Animal Responses to Tuberculosis Vaccinations.
Venue: Comparative medicine

Animal models are indispensable for vaccine research and development. However, choosing which species to use and designing a vaccine study that is optimized for that species is often challenging. Vaxar (http:/www.violinet.org/vaxar/ is a web based database and analysis system that stores manually curated data regarding vaccine induced responses in animals. To date, Vaxar encompasses models from 35 animal species including rodents, rabbits, ferrets, primates, and birds. These 35 species have been used to study more than 1300 experimentally tested vaccines for 164 pathogens and diseases significant to humans and domestic animals. The responses to vaccines by animals in more than 1500 experimental studies are recorded in Vaxar; these data can be used for systematic meta analysis of various animal responses to a particular vaccine. For example, several variables, including animal strain, animal age, and the dose or route of either vaccination or challenge, might affect host response outcomes. Vaxar can also be used to identify variables that affect responses to different vaccines in a specific animal model. All data stored in Vaxar are publically available for web based queries and analyses. Overall Vaxar provides a unique systematic approach for understanding vaccine induced host immunity.
Responses to hyperthermia. Optimizing heat dissipation by convection and evaporation: Neural control of skin blood flow and sweating in humans
Venue: Autonomic Neuroscience

Under normothermic, resting conditions, humans dissipate heat from the body at a rate approximately equal to heat production. Small discrepancies between heat production and heat elimination would, over time, lead to significant changes in heat storage and body temperature. When heat production or environmental temperature is high the challenge of maintaining heat balance is much greater. This matching of heat elimination with heat production is a function of the skin circulation facilitating heat transport to the body surface and sweating, enabling evaporative heat loss. These processes are manifestations of the autonomic control of cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor functions and form the basis of this review. We focus on these systems in the responses to hyperthermia. In particular, the cutaneous vascular responses to heat stress and the current understanding of the neurovascular mechanisms involved. The available research regarding cutaneous active vasodilation and vasoconstriction is highlighted, with emphasis on active vasodilation as a major responder to heat stress. Involvement of the vasoconstrictor and active vasodilator controls of the skin circulation in the context of heat stress and nonthermoregulatory reflexes (blood pressure, exercise) are also considered. Autonomic involvement in the cutaneous vascular responses to direct heating and cooling of the skin are also discussed. We examine the autonomic control of sweating, including cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms, the local control of sweating, thermoregulatory and nonthermoregulatory reflex control and the possible relationship between sudomotor and cutaneous vasodilator function. Finally, we comment on the clinical relevance of these control schemes in conditions of autonomic dysfunction.
The Automatic Neuroscientist: A framework for optimizing experimental design with closed loop real time fMRI
Venue: NeuroImage

Functional neuroimaging typically explores how a particular task activates a set of brain regions. Importantly though, the same neural system can be activated by inherently different tasks. To date, there is no approach available that systematically explores whether and how distinct tasks probe the same neural system. Here, we propose and validate an alternative framework, the Automatic Neuroscientist, which turns the standard fMRI approach on its head. We use real time fMRI in combination with modern machine learning techniques to automatically design the optimal experiment to evoke a desired target brain state. In this work, we present two proof of principle studies involving perceptual stimuli. In both studies optimization algorithms of varying complexity were employed; the first involved a stochastic approximation method while the second incorporated a more sophisticated Bayesian optimization technique. In the first study, we achieved convergence for the hypothesized optimum in 11 out of 14 runs in less than 10 min. Results of the second study showed how our closed loop framework accurately and with high efficiency estimated the underlying relationship between stimuli and neural responses for each subject in one to two runs: with each run lasting 6.3 min. Moreover, we demonstrate that using only the first run produced a reliable solution at a group level. Supporting simulation analyses provided evidence on the robustness of the Bayesian optimization approach for scenarios with low contrast to noise ratio. This framework is generalizable to numerous applications, ranging from optimizing stimuli in neuroimaging pilot studies to tailoring clinical rehabilitation therapy to patients and can be used with multiple imaging modalities in humans and animals.
Hydro, solar, and wind energy as potential electrical power plant in Indonesia Past conditions and future prospects
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Information Technology, Computer, and Electrical Engineering (ICITACEE)

Medium reservoir hydro electric power plant has been long serving as conventional renewable energy source in Indonesia, mostly in Jawa Island. Shortly after the independence of Republic of Indonesia, large hydro power plants began to be constructed for example Jatiluhur and Riam Kanan, followed by Sigura gura, Cirata, Saguling, and several others more. Meanwhile, small sized and microhydro run of river type hydro power plant has been developed since the early of 1970s through the joint corporation of ITB and Eindhoven University, this corporation developed turbine for microhydro and also dummy load for load regulation. Some local industries, for instance PT. Hexa Pratama in Bandung, which have capacity to develop complete microhydro power plant system up to 300kW have been emerged after succesfully GTZ Programme back in the 1980s. Large hydro power plant is currently undergoing construction phase, it is expected that in 2019 Upper Cisokan pumped storage power plant with capacity of 1040 MW will be integrated with Jawa Bali Interconnection System. Simple pico hydro power plants are also constructed in several remote areas in Indonesia.
The impact of stage, grade, and mucinous histology on the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy in adenocarcinomas of the appendix: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Venue: Cancer

Adenocarcinomas of the appendix represent a heterogeneous disease depending on the presence of mucinous histology, histologic grade, and stage. In the current study, the authors sought to explore the interplay of these factors with systemic chemotherapy in a large population data set.
Contribuicao ao estudo da Sindrome de Burnout em Odontologia

Melani ACF. Contribution to the study of Burnout Syndrome in Dentistry [thesis]  Understanding the process that triggers the development of Burnout and the related biopsychosocial determinants is rather important in order to avoid the issue and/or minimize its effects of this mental disorder. In Brazil, there are few studies that relate the Burnout Syndrome and Dentistry, when compared to those published in other countries, thus, the objective of this study was to assess the levels of Burnout in dentists who work in the public sector in Embu das Artes, Sao Paulo, Brazil, through the application of the Brazilian version of the instrument called the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) The CBI is one of the available tools used to estimate the Syndrome. It contains nineteen questions distributed in the following dimensions: personal Burnout, Burnout related to work, and Burnout related to patient. The instrument contains a Likert's scale with scores ranging from 0 to 100 (never, rarely, sometimes, often, always) to evaluate the responses. This is a quantitative and cross sectional study, whose subjects were all 35 dentists working in the public service in Embu das Artes Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. An instrument of sociodemographic profile and technical scientific training, which contained questions related to age, gender, place of residence and graduation, income, specialization, continuing education training, working schedule, years of working experience, vacation time, physical education activities, and thought of changing profession. The answers were grouped into two categories, as follows: for low levels of Burnout, the answers were classified in zero (0) for scores 0, 25 and 50% respectively, and one (1) for scores of 75 and 100% which are considered high levels of Burnout. The data was analyzed using the Epiinfo Program (version 7.1.5. Epi InfoTM, and the ChiSquare and Fisher's tests. High levels of Burnout were found in the group related to Category Level one (1) with the scores ranging to 75 and 100% The distribution were as follows: personal Burnout (31,9% Burnout work related (37,96% and Burnout client related (25,71% The average of these three dimensions was 48,35, with standard deviation of 19.70. In this study the exposable variables related to Burnout were the desire to change the profession, the age and a graduate degree in public health. There are specific conditions in dentistry practice that can lead to Burnout Syndrome. In light of this, it is suggested that additional studies should be completed in order to help with the creation of strategies aimed at ways to avoid or minimize the effects of this syndrome.
Examination of food waste co digestion to manage the peak in energy demand at wastewater treatment plants.
Venue: Water science and technology a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

Many digesters in Germany are not operated at full capacity; this offers the opportunity for co digestion. Within this research the potentials and limits of a flexible and adapted sludge treatment are examined with a focus on the digestion process with added food waste as co substrate. In parallel, energy data from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are analysed and lab scale semi continuous and batch digestion tests are conducted. Within the digestion tests, the ratio of sewage sludge to co substrate was varied. The final methane yields show the high potential of food waste: the higher the amount of food waste the higher the final yield. However, the conversion rates directly after charging demonstrate better results by charging 10% food waste instead of 20% Finally, these results are merged with the energy data from the WWTP. As an illustration, the load required to cover base loads as well as peak loads for typical daily variations of the plant's energy demand are calculated. It was found that 735 m3 raw sludge and 73 m3 of a mixture of raw sludge and food waste is required to cover 100% of the base load and 95% of the peak load.
Analysis of methane emissions from digested sludge.
Venue: Water science and technology a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

The energetic use of sewage sludge is an important step in the generation of electricity and heat within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) For a holistic approach, methane emissions derived from anaerobic treatment have to be considered. Measurements show that methane dissolved in digested sludge can be analyzed via the vacuum salting out degassing method. At different WWTPs, dissolved methane was measured, showing a concentration range of approximately 7 37 mg CH4/L. The average concentration of dissolved methane in mesophilic digested sludge was approximately 29 mg CH4/L, which corresponds to an estimated yearly specific load of approximately 14 21 g CH4 per population equivalent. Comparisons between continuous and discontinuous digester feeding show that a temporary rise in the volume load causes increased concentrations of dissolved methane. Investigations using an industrial scale digestion plant, consisting of three digestion tank operated in series, show comparable results.
Abwasserbehandlung der Zukunft: Gesundheits Gewasser und Ressourcenschutz

ZusammenfassungEine zukunftsfahige Abwasserbehandlung vereint die Aspekte des Gesundheits Gewasser und Ressourcenschutzes. Die Klaranlage zum ,Klaren" des Abwassers wird zukunftig zum ,Wasser und Ressourcendienstleister" Die Abwasserbehandlungsanlage wird dabei Dienstleister fur das Gewasser, im Sinne der Okosystemleistung damit auch fur den Menschen, Energiedienstleister sowie Produzent fur bedarfsgerechte Produkte bspw. Wasser und Dungemittel. Eine zukunftsfahige Abwasserbehandlung zielt dabei auf den Gesundheitsschutz, d. h. Sicherstellung der hygienischen Erfordernisse ggf. auch unter Beachtung von Legionellen und antibiotikaresistenten Keimen, bis hin zu einer Badegewasserqualitat im Gewasser oder der Bereitstellung von hygienisch unbedenklichem Wasser zur Wiederverwendung, den Gewasserschutz, d. h. Minimierung der Eutrophierung im Gewasser durch eine weitestgehende Elimination von Nahrstoffen (Phosphor, Stickstoff) Elimination von Mikroschadstoffen/Mikroplastik/Nanopartikel zum Schutz der aquatischen Fauna, aber auch aus Sicht des vorsorgenden Gesundheitsschutzes, sowie den Ressourcenschutz, d. h. Minimierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs fur die Abwasserbehandlung, bspw. von Energie und Betriebsstoffen, aber auch die Minimierung der Umweltwirkungen sowie Ressourcenruckgewinnung durch die Nutzung der im Abwasser enthaltenen Ressourcen, insbesondere Wasser,  Eine Realisierung erfordert dabei eine Kombination von Technologie und Betriebsoptimierungen, wobei diverse Synergieeffekte bestehen, die es zu nutzen gilt.AbstractSustainable wastewater treatment addresses the combined issues of health, water and resource protection. The wastewater treatment plant will in future become the "water and resources service provider" and therefore become: a service provider for water, in terms of services for the environment and thus society; an energy service company and a producer supplying demand based products, e.g. water and fertilizer. Sustainable sewage treatment thereby aims to: conserve health, i.e. ensuring hygiene requirements,in compliance, where necessary, with legionella and antibiotic resistant germs,to bathing water quality or for the provision of hygienically safe recycled water; conserve water, i.e. minimizing eutrophication in water to the greatest possible extent by eliminating nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen) and micropollutants/microplastics/nanoparticles, not only to protect aquatic fauna but also for preventive health care purposes; and conserve resources, i.e. minimizing consumption of resources, such as energy and consumables, in sewage treatment, minimizing environmental impact and using resources recycled from sewage, specifically water, nutrients and energy. In order to achieve this, a combination of technology and operational optimizations, with their various existing synergies, should be exploited.
Evaluation of the energetic potential of sewage sludge by characterization of its organic composition.
Venue: Water science and technology a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research

The composition of sewage sludge and, thus, its energetic potential is influenced by wastewater and wastewater treatment processes. Higher or lower heating values (HHV or LHV) are decisive factors for the incineration/gasification/pyrolysis of sewage sludge. The HHV is analyzed with a bomb calorimeter and converted to the LHV. It is also possible to calculate the heating value via chemical oxygen demand (COD) total volatile solids (TVS) and elemental composition. Calculating the LHV via the COD provides a suitable method. In contrast, the correlation of the HHV or LHV with the TVS is limited. One prerequisite here is a constant specific energy density; this was given with the types of sewage sludge (primary, surplus/excess, and digested sludge) investigated. If the energy density is not comparable with sewage sludge, for instance with the co substrate (bio waste, grease, etc. the estimation of the heating value using TVS will fail. When calculating the HHV or LHV via the elemental composition, one has to consider the validity of the coefficients of the calculation equation. Depending on the organic composition, it might be necessary to adjust the coefficients, e.g. when adding co substrates.