nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost Effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccination in France Accounting for Indirect Protection.
Venue: Value in health the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Vaccination against rotavirus has shown great potential for reducing the primary cause of severe childhood gastroenteritis. Previous economic evaluations of rotavirus vaccination in France have not modeled the potential impact of vaccines on disease burden via reduced transmission.  To determine the cost effectiveness of the introduction of pentavalent rotavirus vaccination into the French infant vaccination schedule.  We developed an age structured model of rotavirus transmission calibrated to 6 years of French gastroenteritis incidence and vaccine clinical trial data. We evaluated the cost effectiveness of pentavalent rotavirus vaccination considering that 75% of infants would receive the three dose vaccine course.  Our model predicts that rotavirus vaccination will decrease rotavirus gastroenteritis incidence and associated clinical outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, delay the seasonal peak of infection, and increase the age of infection. From the societal perspective, our base case scenario predicts that vaccination coverage would be cost effective at EUR115 or EUR135 per vaccine course at EUR28,500 and EUR39,500/quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained, respectively, and suggests that almost 95% of the financial benefits will be recouped within the first 5 years following vaccination implementation. From the third party payer perspective, incremental cost effectiveness ratios ranged from EUR12,500 to EUR20,000/QALY, respectively. Our uncertainty analysis suggests that findings were sensitive to various assumptions including the number of hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and the extent of QALY losses per rotavirus episode.  Introducing pentavalent rotavirus vaccination into the French infant vaccination schedule would significantly reduce the burden of rotavirus disease in children, and could be cost effective under plausible conditions.
Understanding the lean enterprise: Strategies, methodologies, and principles for a more responsive organization

An Implementation Model for Lean and Green. Lean and IT Working Together? An Exploratory Study of the Potential Conflicts Between Lean Thinking and the Use of Information Technology in Organisations Today. Lean Thinking and Organisational Learning: How Can They Facilitate Each Other? Flow Accounting: The Next Challenge for 21st Century Lean Businesses. Changing an Organisation's Culture with Systems Thinking A case study from the Financial Services Industry. Understanding Effective Problem Solving. Completely Taktless! What Is Pull in the Context of the Process Industries? Internationalisation of Lean Manufacturing: The Influence of Environmental Conditions. Lean Supply Chain Model and Application in an Italian Fashion Luxury Company. Strategic Planning for Lean Production, Comparing Hoshin Kanri with Balanced Scorecard. Lean Management and Product  A Critical Review. Introducing a Value Improvement Model for Manufacturing (m VIM)
Effect of Electronegativity on Bipolar Resistive Switching in a WO3 Based Asymmetric Capacitor Structure.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

This study investigates the transport and switching time of nonvolatile tungsten oxide based resistive switching (RS) memory devices. These devices consist of a highly resistive tungsten oxide film sandwiched between metal electrodes, and their RS characteristics are bipolar in the counterclockwise direction. The switching voltage, retention, endurance, and switching time are strongly dependent on the type of electrodes used, and we also find quantitative and qualitative evidence that the electronegativity (kh) of the electrodes plays a key role in determining the RS properties and switching time. We also propose an RS model based on the role of the electronegativity at the interface.
Electronegativity and redox reactions.
Venue: Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP

Using the maximum hardness principle, we show that the oxidation potential of a molecule increases as its electronegativity increases and also increases as its electronegativity in its oxidized state increases. This insight can be used to construct a linear free energy relation for the oxidation potential, which we train on a set of 31 organic redox couples and test on a set of 10 different redox reactions. Better results are obtained when the electronegativity of the oxidized/reduced reagents are adjusted to account for the reagents' interaction with their chemical environment.
Biology of the eyelash hair follicle: an enigma in plain sight
Venue: The British journal of dermatology

Because of their crucial impact on our perception of beauty, eyelashes constitute a prime target for the cosmetic industry. However, when compared with other hair shafts and the mini organs that produce them [eyelash hair follicles (ELHFs) knowledge on the biology underlying growth and pigmentation of eyelashes is still rudimentary. This is due in part to the extremely restricted availability of human ELHFs for experimental study, underappreciation of their important sensory and protective functions and insufficient interest in understanding why they are distinct from scalp hair follicles (HFs) (e.g. ELHFs produce shorter hair shafts, do not possess an arrector pili muscle, have a shorter hair cycle and undergo greying significantly later than scalp HFs) Here we synthesize the limited current knowledge on the biology of ELHFs, in humans and other species, their role in health and disease, the known similarities with and differences from other HF populations, and their intrinsic interethnic variations. We define major open questions in the biology of these intriguing mini organs and conclude by proposing future research directions. These include dissecting the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie trichomegaly and the development of in vitro models in order to interrogate the distinct molecular controls of ELHF growth, cycling and pigmentation and to probe novel strategies for the therapeutic and cosmetic manipulation of ELHFs beyond prostaglandin receptor stimulation.
Does habitat disturbance affect stress, body condition and parasitism in two sympatric lemurs?
Venue: Conservation physiology

Understanding how animals react to human induced changes in their environment is a key question in conservation biology. Owing to their potential correlation with fitness, several physiological parameters are commonly used to assess the effect of habitat disturbance on animals' general health status. Here, we studied how two lemur species, the fat tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) and the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) respond to changing environmental conditions by comparing their stress levels (measured as hair cortisol concentration) parasitism and general body condition across four habitats ordered along a gradient of human disturbance at Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar. These two species previously revealed contrasting responses to human disturbance; whereas M. murinus is known as a resilient species, C. medius is rarely encountered in highly disturbed habitats. However, neither hair cortisol concentrations nor parasitism patterns (prevalence, parasite species richness and rate of multiple infections) and body condition varied across the gradient of anthropogenic disturbance. Our results indicate that the effect of anthropogenic activities at Kirindy Forest is not reflected in the general health status of both species, which may have developed a range of behavioural adaptations to deal with suboptimal conditions. Nonetheless, a difference in relative density among sites suggests that the carrying capacity of disturbed habitat is lower, and both species respond differently to environmental changes, with C. medius being more negatively affected. Thus, even for behaviourally flexible species, extended habitat deterioration could hamper long term viability of populations.
Unsupervised and Semi supervised Learning with Categorical Generative Adversarial Networks
Venue: ICLR

In this paper we present a method for learning a discriminative classifier from unlabeled or partially labeled data. Our approach is based on an objective function that trades off mutual information between observed examples and their predicted categorical class distribution, against robustness of the classifier to an adversarial generative model. The resulting algorithm can either be interpreted as a natural generalization of the generative adversarial networks (GAN) framework or as an extension of the regularized information maximization (RIM) framework to robust classification against an optimal adversary. We empirically evaluate our method which we dub categorical generative adversarial networks (or CatGAN) on synthetic data as well as on challenging image classification tasks, demonstrating the robustness of the learned classifiers. We further qualitatively assess the fidelity of samples generated by the adversarial generator that is learned alongside the discriminative classifier, and identify links between the CatGAN objective and discriminative clustering algorithms (such as RIM)
International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research

Environmental degradation and, particularly, the climate change have been analysed by many scientists and politicians from various perspectives. At the political level, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was signed in 1992, in order to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions at the level, which could help to prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. In today's world, climate change, assumed to be caused by human activities (the so called anthropogenic effects) is widely discussed and considered to be a major threat to the environment. Over the period of about 150 years (beginning with the industrial revolution) great amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases, producing the so called greenhouse effect, were released into the atmosphere. Based on the assumption that the harmful effects produced by human activities cause climate change, researchers are trying to find the methods and ways of interrupting this causal relationship between human activities and climate.
Chemically Tailoring Semiconducting Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Black Phosphorus.
Venue: ACS nano

Two dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and black phosphorus (BP) have beneficial electronic, optical, and physical properties at the few layer limit. As atomically thin materials, 2D TMDCs and BP are highly sensitive to their environment and chemical modification, resulting in a strong dependence of their properties on substrate effects, intrinsic defects, and extrinsic adsorbates. Furthermore, the integration of 2D semiconductors into electronic and optoelectronic devices introduces unique challenges at metal semiconductor and dielectric semiconductor interfaces. Here, we review emerging efforts to understand and exploit chemical effects to influence the properties of 2D TMDCs and BP. In some cases, surface chemistry leads to significant degradation, thus necessitating the development of robust passivation schemes. On the other hand, appropriately designed chemical modification can be used to beneficially tailor electronic properties, such as controlling doping levels and charge carrier concentrations. Overall, chemical methods allow substantial tunability of the properties of 2D TMDCs and BP, thereby enabling significant future opportunities to optimize performance for device applications.
Saliency segmentation and foreground extraction of underwater image based on localization
Venue: OCEANS 2016 Shanghai

Saliency detection aims at automatically estimating visually salient object regions in an image, saliency segmentation and foreground extraction are two important applications of this. However, it is a challenge for underwater images to estimate salient regions by conventional saliency detection methods because of the low contrast and poor quality. In this paper, we address this problem by combining the detected object regions rather than the whole image, where Fish Localization is used for proposing candidate regions. We extensively evaluated our method on 780 underwater images, and experimental results show that the performances of saliency detection and segmentation are improved. These saliency segmentation masks are further used to extract the foreground objects of an image. It is well proved that our approach is fast and efficient for underwater images which are low contrast, poor quality and with multiple salient objects.
The prevention of fish spoilage by high antioxidant Australian culinary plants: Shewanella putrefaciens growth inhibition

Shewanella putrefaciens is a marine bacterium and a major microbial cause of spoilage in low temperature stored seafood. A survey of fruits and culinary herbs was undertaken on Australian plants with high antioxidant capacities. Twenty eight extracts from thirteen plant species were investigated for the ability to inhibit S. putrefaciens growth. Of these, eight extracts (28.6% substantially inhibited S. putrefaciens growth. The muntries (Kunzea pomifera) lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula) and desert lime (Citrus glauca) extracts were efficient anti S. putrefaciens agents, with MIC values =3000 mg mL 1. Of these, the muntries methanolic extract was the most potent growth inhibitor (MIC 2240 mg mL 1) The aqueous desert lime extract was also an effective growth inhibitor (MIC of 3857 mg mL 1) whilst the methanolic bush tomato (Solanum aviculare) aqueous muntries and Davidson's plum (Davidsonia pruriens) extracts displayed moderate S. putrefaciens growth inhibition. All extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia fransiscana bioassay, with LC50 values >1000 mg mL 1) Nontargeted HPLC QTOF mass spectroscopy (with screening against three compound databases) putatively identified twenty compounds that were present in both inhibitory muntries extracts. The low toxicity of these extracts and their inhibitory bioactivity against S. putrefaciens indicates their potential as natural fish and seafood preservatives.
Identification of additional risk loci for stroke and small vessel disease: a meta analysis of genome wide association studies
Venue: The Lancet Neurology

Genetic determinants of stroke, the leading neurological cause of death and disability, are poorly understood and have seldom been explored in the general population. Our aim was to identify additional loci for stroke by doing a meta analysis of genome wide association studies.  For the discovery sample, we did a genome wide analysis of common genetic variants associated with incident stroke risk in 18 population based cohorts comprising 84 961 participants, of whom 4348 had stroke. Stroke diagnosis was ascertained and validated by the study investigators. Mean age at stroke ranged from 45*8 years to 76*4 years, and data collection in the studies took place between 1948 and 2013. We did validation analyses for variants yielding a significant association (at p<5 x 10( 6) with all stroke, ischaemic stroke, cardioembolic ischaemic stroke, or non cardioembolic ischaemic stroke in the largest available cross sectional studies (70 804 participants, of whom 19 816 had stroke) Summary level results of discovery and follow up stages were combined using inverse variance weighted fixed effects meta analysis, and in silico lookups were done in stroke subtypes. For genome wide significant findings (at p<5 x 10( 8) we explored associations with additional cerebrovascular phenotypes and did functional experiments using conditional (inducible) deletion of the probable causal gene in mice. We also studied the expression of orthologs of this probable causal gene and its effects on cerebral vasculature in zebrafish mutants.  We replicated seven of eight known loci associated with risk for ischaemic stroke, and identified a novel locus at chromosome 6p25 (rs12204590, near FOXF2) associated with risk of all stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1*08, 95% CI 1*05 1*12, p=1*48 x 10( 8) minor allele frequency 21% The rs12204590 stroke risk allele was also associated with increased MRI defined burden of white matter hyperintensity a marker of cerebral small vessel disease in stroke free adults (n=21 079; p=0*0025) Consistently, young patients (aged 2 32 years) with segmental deletions of FOXF2 showed an extensive burden of white matter hyperintensity. Deletion of Foxf2 in adult mice resulted in cerebral infarction, reactive gliosis, and microhaemorrhage. The orthologs of FOXF2 in zebrafish (foxf2b and foxf2a) are expressed in brain pericytes and mutant foxf2b( cerebral vessels show decreased smooth muscle cell and pericyte coverage.  We identified common variants near FOXF2 that are associated with increased stroke susceptibility. Epidemiological and experimental data suggest that FOXF2 mediates this association, potentially via differentiation defects of cerebral vascular mural cells. Further expression studies in appropriate human tissues, and further functional experiments with long follow up periods are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms. FUNDING NIH, NINDS, NHMRC, CIHR, European national research institutions,
Fast depth image denoising and enhancement using a deep convolutional network
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

We propose a depth image denoising and enhancement framework using a light convolutional network. The network contains three layers for high dimension projection, missing data completion and image reconstruction. We jointly use both depth and visual images as inputs. For the gray image, we design a pre processing procedure to enhance the edges and remove unnecessary detail. For the depth image, we propose a data augmentation strategy to regenerate and increase essential training data. Further, we propose a weighted loss function for network training to adaptively improve the learning efficiency. We tested our algorithm on benchmark data and obtained very promising visual and quantitative results at real time speed.
Social Competence in Small Firms Fostering Workplace Learning and Performance

While it is widely accepted that social networks are key to small firm success, detailed studies on the specific contribution of owner managers' social competence to learning and performance are scarce. In this article, the importance of owner managers' social competence was explored in a specific, innovative small firm sector in the Netherlands: the agri food sector. This was done by means of a qualitative (n 13) and quantitative (n 556) study. In the qualitative study, the two social competence domains most frequently cited and employed in entrepreneurial workplace learning practices were a social learning orientation and the ability to interact with strategic social partners. The quantitative study illustrated that social competence, overall, influences small firm performance significantly. However, the relationships between social competence and small firm performance seem to depend on the specific strategies that owner managers pursue. In particular, this research supports the idea of social competence being an important driver of success for specific small firm strategies and for the ongoing development of existing and new capabilities. As such, it underlines the importance of the capability driven approach to HRD in the small firm context. This, in turn, has implications for small firm support programs.
Festival And Special Event Management

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A novel security information and event management system for enhancing cyber security in a hydroelectric dam
Venue: Int. J. Crit. Infrastructure Prot.

Security information and event management (SIEM) systems are increasingly used to cope with the security challenges involved in critical infrastructure protection. However, these systems have several limitations. This paper describes an enhanced security information and event management system that (i) resolves conflicts between security policies; (ii) discovers unauthorized network data paths and appropriately reconfigures network devices; and (iii) provides an intrusion and fault tolerant storage system that ensures the integrity and non forgeability of stored events. The performance of the enhanced system is demonstrated using a case study involving a hydroelectric dam. The case study considers an attack model that affects portions of the information technology infrastructure of the hydroelectric dam and demonstrates that the security information and event management system is successfully able to detect and respond to attacks.