nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modifier assisted differential mobility tandem mass spectrometry method for detection and quantification of amphetamine type stimulants in urine.
Venue: Analytica chimica acta

An advantage of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) is it provides an orthogonal mechanism to mass spectrometry (MS) The DMS MS/MS detects analytes in the gas phase on the basis of differences in ion mobility in low and high electric fields, which makes DMS MS/MS an alternative to chromatographic separation MS. One drawback of DMS is its limited resolution and sensitivity, especially for detecting small molecules when using a nonpolar inert gas as the carrier gas. The present work has evaluated the effects on peak capacity of adding chemical modifiers to inert carrier gases (nitrogen, helium, argon and carbon dioxide) Use of a methanol helium mixture gave improvements in both separation and sensitivity. Nine structurally similar amphetamine type stimulants were determined in urine without pretreatment of the samples before analysis. After optimization of carrier gas, nature and concentration of chemical modifier, and DMS temperature, limits of detection ranging from 1.1 to 2.7 ng mL 1, with a linear range of three orders of magnitude (5 5000 ng mL 1) were achieved. Precision was <15% and the accuracy of the quality control samples was 87.6 113.7% For the quantitation of urine samples from drug abusers, data obtained using DMS MS/MS showed reasonable agreement (within 19.5% with that obtained using LC MS/MS. The analysis time for DMS MS/MS was only 1.1 min and a paired sample t test between the two methods gave a p value of 0.0894, which indicates that DMS MS/MS is a reliable method, with comparable precision and sensitivity to LC MS/MS.
Analysis of gasoline contaminated water samples by means of dopant assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization differential ion mobility spectrometry
Venue: International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry

In this study the influence of aromatic dopant benzene on the sensitivity of GC APPI DMS to gasoline related aromatic compounds was investigated. This influence was investigated on example of four gasolin related fingerprints (toluene, ethylbenzene, o xylene, and 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene) which were found in high relative abundance in the water soluble gasoline fraction. The analysis of calibration curves slopes demonstrats that the GC APPI DMS sensitivity to gasoline fingerprints can be improved by up to seven times when benzene concentration in nitrogen carrier gas is less than 10 ppmv/v. The estimated detection limits (S/N 3) for the analyzed in this study compounds were found to be within the range of 33 105 mg L 1 at benzene concentration in the carrier gas of 2.27 ppmv/v (10 mL injection volume) These limits of detection may be reduced (at the cost of lower resolution) using the larger injection volumes. For example, increase of injection volume to 100 mL at benzene concentration in the carrier gas of 2.27 ppmv/v leads to reduction of LOD values for toluene, ethylbenzene, and o xylene to 11.1, 13.3, and 5.3 mg L 1, respectively.
Nail Dynamization for Delayed Union and Nonunion in Femur and Tibia Fractures.
Venue: Orthopedics

Femoral and tibial shaft fractures are common injuries in the United States. Since their introduction, reamed intramedullary nails have become the treatment of choice for most of these fractures. However, delayed union and nonunion can complicate treatment in up to 10% of patients. Removal of interlocking screws, or dynamization, can promote fracture healing in cases of delayed union or nonunion. The efficacy of nail dynamization has been reported to range from 19% to 82% This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dynamization, identify the factors associated with its success or failure, and analyze the cost compared with exchange nailing. The authors retrospectively reviewed charts from 2011 to 2014 and searched billing records for Current Procedural Terminology codes 27506 and 27759, for intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial shaft fractures, and code 20680, for removal of deep hardware. This search identified 34 patients with 35 fractures treated with dynamization for delayed union or nonunion. Dynamization was effective in creating union in 54% of patients. The factor that best correlated with the success of dynamization was the diameter of the fracture callus at the time of dynamization. Direct costs associated with dynamization were nearly $10,000 less than those associated with exchange nailing. Dynamization can be an effective first line treatment for delayed union and nonunion of femoral and tibial shaft fractures. The union rate in the current study is similar to previously published rates, and cost data suggest that dynamization is a viable alternative to exchange nailing for some patients with delayed union or nonunion.  2016; 39(6):e1117 e1123.
Variables Prognostic for Delayed Union and Nonunion Following Ulnar Shortening Fixed With a Dedicated Osteotomy Plate.
Venue: The Journal of hand surgery

To examine potential risk factors for the development of delayed or nonunion following elective ulnar shortening osteotomy using a dedicated osteotomy plating system.  We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent elective ulnar shortening using the TriMed single osteotomy dynamic compression plating system by 1 of 2 fellowship trained hand surgeons over a 5 year period. Demographic data and medical, surgical, and social histories were reviewed. Time to bony union was determined radiographically by a blinded reviewer. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed to examine the effect of explanatory variables on the time to union and the incidence of delayed or nonunion. Those variables associated with the development of delayed or nonunion were used in a multivariate logistic regression model. Complications, including the need for additional surgery, were also recorded.  Seventy two ulnar shortening osteotomy procedures were performed in 69 patients. Delayed union, defined as 6 months to union, occurred in 8 of 72 cases (11% Of 72 surgeries, 4 (6% resulted in nonunions, all of which required additional surgery. Hardware removal was performed in 13 of 72 (18% of the cases. Time to union was significantly increased in smokers (6 3 months) versus nonsmokers (3 1 months) On multivariable analysis, diabetics and active smokers demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing delayed union or nonunion. Patient age, sex, body mass index, thyroid disease, worker's compensation status, alcohol use, and amount smoked daily did not have an effect on the time to union or the incidence of delayed or nonunion.  Despite the use of an osteotomy specific plating system, smokers and diabetics were at significantly higher risk for both delayed union and nonunion following elective ulnar shortening osteotomy. Other known risk factors for suboptimal bony healing were not found to have a deleterious effect.
Optimization of Ecological Industrial Chain design based on reliability theory a case study

The stability requirement for node enterprises within Ecological Industrial Chain (EIC) has a high degree of functional similarity with the reliability of engineering components. Thus, a methodology for EIC design optimization is established in this study based on the reliability theory. Results showed that series structure had weaker stability than parallel structure. The stability of entire system is reduced with the increase of the number of series, and node enterprises with smaller reliability showed greater contribution to the system stability. On contrary, for the parallel structure, node enterprises with higher reliability had greater contribution to the system stability. To improve the system stability, it is crucial to maintain the weak parts of system or to introduce an appropriate number of "spare parts" i.e. to adopt parallel structure and reduce the number of enterprises series. For the parallel structure, priority must be given to those enterprises with higher reliability. Similarly, other constraints (e.g. economic costs and resource constraints) should also be taken into consideration. The redundant design of EIC becomes nonlinear planning decision problems. Novel nonlinear programming model for redundant EIC design is proposed in this study based on the reliability theory, and is effectively verified by means of MATLAB software programming and empirical analysis. Results provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for decision making process of optimizing the design and management of EIC.
A Survey on Open Source Data Mining Tools for SMEs
Venue: WorldCIST

Mining is a software tool dedicated to scan data repositories, generate information, and discover knowledge. Currently, the traditional data processing tools and its applications are not capable of managing the massive amounts of data available inside SMEs environments. Therefore, it is critical to use effective and efficient Data Mining tools which represent a valuable support for SMEs decision making. In this paper we describe and analyze seven popular open source data mining tools KEEL, KNIME, Orange, RapidMiner, R Project, Tanagra and WEKA.
Big Data Mining: Tools Algorithms
Venue: Int. J. Recent Contributions Eng. Sci. IT

We are now in Big Data era, and there is a growing demand for tools which can process and analyze it. Big data analytics deals with extracting valuable information from that complex data which can't be handled by traditional data mining tools. This paper surveys the available tools which can handle large volumes of data as well as evolving data streams. The data mining tools and algorithms which can handle big data have also been summarized, and one of the tools has been used for mining of large datasets using distributed algorithms.
Contrast Induced Nephropathy: From Pathophysiology to Preventive Strategies.
Venue: The Canadian journal of cardiology

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients. CIN is most commonly defined as either an absolute 0.5 mg/dL; 44 mmol/L) or relative 25% increase in serum creatinine levels at 48 72 hours after exposure to iodinated contrast media (CM) Its occurrence is associated with worsened clinical outcomes. Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention are particularly vulnerable to CIN. The complex pathophysiology of CIN involves different mechanisms, such as vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, medullary ischemia, and the direct toxic effects of CM. In CIN pathophysiology, both patient related and procedure related risk factors have been identified. The risk for CIN can be reliably estimated with clinical scores such as that proposed by Mehran. Because no definitive treatment exists for CIN, the most effective strategy remains prevention. Several interventions have been investigated from hydration to various pharmacologic agents and mechanical devices. In this state of the art article, we review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk stratification, and preventive strategies for CIN.
The impact of technology on older adults' social isolation
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Research indicates that social isolation and loneliness have a negative effect on health and wellbeing among older people. Various technology based interventions have been offered to reduce social isolation; however, research demonstrating the role of various types of technologies and their effectiveness in dealing with social isolation among seniors is scarce. This study undertakes a systematic literature review of empirical studies on various types of technologies and their effectiveness in alleviating social isolation among seniors. Relevant electronic databases were searched and through 6886 initial set of studies published from 2000 to 2015 we have found eight different technologies that have been applied to alleviate social isolation, namely, general ICT, video game, robotics, personal reminder information and social management system, asynchronous peer support chat room, social network sites, Telecare and 3D virtual environment. We further evaluated the effectiveness of the technologies with social isolation among seniors. Findings show that technologies can be used to reduce social isolation among seniors. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of new technologies. Technologies that have been proposed to overcome social isolation were identified.We categorised these assistive technologies into eight clusters.This study evaluated the effectiveness of the identified technologies.A number of the technologies have a positive impact on reducing social isolation.
The Impact of Technology Based Interventions on Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review.
Venue: Telemedicine journal and e health the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association

This article is a systematic review of the impact of technology based intervention on outcomes related to care providers for those who survived a stroke.  Literature was identified in the PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for evidence on technology based interventions for stroke survivors' caregivers. The search was restricted for all English language articles from 1970 to February 2015 that implied technology based interventions. This review included studies that measured the impact of these types of approaches on one or more of the following: depression and any of the following problem solving ability, burden, health status, social support, preparedness, and healthcare utilization by care recipient as secondary outcomes. Telephone or face to face counseling sessions were not of interest for this review. The search strategy yielded five studies that met inclusion criteria: two randomized clinical trials and three pilot/preliminary studies, with diverse approaches and designs.  Four studies have assessed the primary outcome, two of which reported significant decreases in caregivers' depressive symptoms. Two studies had measured each of the following outcomes burden, problem solving ability, health status, and social support and they revealed no significant differences following the intervention. Only one study assessed caregivers' preparedness and showed improved posttest scores. Healthcare services use by the care recipient was assessed by one study, and the results indicated significant reduction in emergency department visits and hospital re admissions.  Despite various study designs and small sample sizes, available data suggest that an intervention that incorporates a theoretical based model and is designed to target caregivers as early as possible is a promising strategy. Furthermore, there is a need to incorporate a cost benefit analysis in future studies.
Adolescent Sleep and the Impact of Technology Use Before Sleep on Daytime Function.
Venue: Journal of pediatric nursing

Technology has become pervasive in our culture, particularly among adolescents. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between use of technology before sleep and daytime function in adolescents.  This study is a secondary analysis of respondents aged 13 to 21 years (N 259) from the 2011 National Sleep Foundation's Sleep in America Poll. The survey included questions on demographics, sleep habits, and use of technology in the hour before bedtime. Daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) Student's t tests, Mann Whitney U, and Fischer's exact tests were performed to detect differences in demographics, sleep duration, and technology use in the total sample, and between respondents with "adequate" compared to "inadequate" sleep. Correlations were calculated between technology frequency and daytime function.  Adolescents had mean sleep duration of 7.3 1.3 h. Almost all respondents (97% used some form of technology before sleep. Increased technology use and the frequency of being awoken in the night by a cell phone were significantly associated with waking too early, waking unrefreshed, and daytime sleepiness (p 0.05) Adolescents who reported "inadequate" sleep had shorter sleep duration, greater frequency of technology use before bedtime, feeling unrefreshed on waking, and greater daytime sleepiness than those reporting "adequate" sleep (all p values 0.05) CONCLUSION Technology use before sleep by adolescents had negative consequences on nighttime sleep and on daytime function. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Healthcare professionals who interact with adolescents should encourage technology to be curtailed before bedtime and for adolescents to value obtaining adequate sleep.
Federated Learning of Deep Networks using Model Averaging
Venue: ArXiv

Modern mobile devices have access to a wealth of data suitable for learning models, which in turn can greatly improve the user experience on the device. For example, language models can improve speech recognition and text entry, and image models can automatically select good photos. However, this rich data is often privacy sensitive, large in quantity, or both, which may preclude logging to the data center and training there using conventional approaches. We advocate an alternative that leaves the training data distributed on the mobile devices, and learns a shared model by aggregating locally computed updates. We term this decentralized approach Federated Learning. We present a practical method for the federated learning of deep networks that proves robust to the unbalanced and non IID data distributions that naturally arise. This method allows high quality models to be trained in relatively few rounds of communication, the principal constraint for federated learning. The key insight is that despite the non convex loss functions we optimize, parameter averaging over updates from multiple clients produces surprisingly good results, for example decreasing the communication needed to train an LSTM language model by two orders of magnitude.
Vaccine Design for H5N1 Based on B and T cell Epitope Predictions
Venue: Bioinformatics and biology insights

From 2003 to 2013, Indonesia had the highest number of avian influenza A cases in humans, with 192 cases and 160 fatalities. Avian influenza is caused by influenza virus type A, such as subtype H5N1. This virus has two glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, which will become the primary target to be neutralized by vaccine. Vaccine is the most effective immunologic intervention. In this study, we use the epitope based vaccine design from hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of H5N1 Indonesian strain virus by using immunoinformatics approach in order to predict the binding of B cell and T cell epitopes (class I and class II human leukocyte antigen [HLA] BCPREDS was used to predict the B cell epitope. Propred, Propred I, netMHCpan, and netMHCIIpan were used to predict the T cell epitope. Two B cell epitopes of hemagglutinin candidates and one B cell epitope of neuraminidase candidates were obtained to bind T cell CD4+ (class II HLA) and also five T cell epitope hemagglutinin and four T cell epitope neuraminidase were obtained to bind T cell CD8+ (class I HLA) The visualization of epitopes was done using MOE 2008.10. It shows that the binding affinity of epitope HLA was based on minimum binding free energy (DGbinding) Based on this result, visualization, and dynamic simulation, four hemagglutinin epitopes (MEKIVLLLA, CPYLGSPSF, KCQTPMGAI, and IGTSTLNQR) and two neuraminidase epitopes (NPNQKIITI and CYPDAGEIT) were computed as having the best binding affinity from HLA ligand. The results mentioned above are from in silico experiments and need to be validated using wet experiment.
From ZikV genome to vaccine: in silico approach for the epitope based peptide vaccine against Zika virus envelope glycoprotein
Venue: Immunology

Zika virus (ZikV) has emerged as a potential threat to human health worldwide. A member of the Flaviviridae, ZikV is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It is related to other pathogenic vector borne flaviviruses including dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses, but produces a comparatively mild disease in humans. As a result of its epidemic outbreak and the lack of potential medication, there is a need for improved vaccine/drugs. Computational techniques will provide further information about this virus. Comparative analysis of ZikV genomes should lead to the identification of the core characteristics that define a virus family, as well as its unique properties, while phylogenetic analysis will show the evolutionary relationships and provide clues about the protein's ancestry. Envelope glycoprotein of ZikV was obtained from a protein database and the most immunogenic epitope for T cells and B cells involved in cell mediated immunity, whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity. We mainly focused on MHC class I potential peptides. YRIMLSVHG, VLIFLSTAV and MMLELDPPF, GLDFSDLYY are the most potent peptides predicted as epitopes for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, respectively, whereas MMLELDPPF and GLDFSDLYY had the highest pMHC I immunogenicity score and these are further tested for interaction against the HLA molecules, using in silico docking techniques to verify the binding cleft epitope. However, this is an introductory approach to design an epitope based peptide vaccine against ZikV; we hope that this model will be helpful in designing and predicting novel vaccine candidates.
Is visual content in textual search interfaces beneficial to dyslexic users?
Venue: Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud.

Dyslexia is a learning disability characterised by problems with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities. Although several studies have addressed dyslexia and Web accessibility, less is known about how dyslexia affects information search. This study investigated whether the inclusion of icons in search user interfaces enhances performance among dyslexics. A total of 21 dyslexics and 21 controls completed 52 search tasks in 4 conditions: icons only, words only, and both icons and words in a grid layout and a list layout, while eye movements were recorded. Dyslexics took significantly longer than controls to locate targets in tasks containing text, but not in the icon only condition. Dyslexics had longer fixation durations than controls in both icon and text based search arrays, suggesting higher mental load associated with search tasks generally. The addition of words to icon arrays led to faster search times within controls, but not dyslexics. Dyslexics also exhibited more fixations on dual modality tasks, and longer scanpaths than controls in list layout. Both groups were fastest searching the list layout, with icons and words listed in columns. Results are discussed in terms of the design of accessible search interfaces for dyslexic users, taking into account mental load of dual modality information display, and the arrangement of search items. Empirical data is provided for the design of accessible search results interfaces for dyslexics. HighlightsDyslexics are generally slower in visual search arrays containing text.Including icons in arrays seems distracting for both dyslexics and controls.Including icons in lists seems beneficial to performance generally.Content mode and layout interact to effect search performance in dyslexia.
Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus.
Venue: Advances in virus research

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) causes a severe contagious disease of sheep and goats and has spread extensively through the developing world. Because of its disproportionately large impact on the livelihoods of low income livestock keepers, and the availability of effective vaccines and good diagnostics, the virus is being targeted for global control and eventual eradication. In this review we examine the origin of the virus and its current distribution, and the factors that have led international organizations to conclude that it is eradicable. We also review recent progress in the molecular and cellular biology of the virus and consider areas where further research is required to support the efforts being made by national, regional, and international bodies to tackle this growing threat.