nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Depth variations of P wave azimuthal anisotropy beneath Mainland China
Venue: Scientific reports

A high resolution model of P wave anisotropic tomography beneath Mainland China and surrounding regions is determined using a large number of arrival time data recorded by the China seismic network, the International Seismological Centre (ISC) and temporary seismic arrays deployed on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results provide important new insights into the subducted Indian plate and mantle dynamics in East Asia. Our tomographic images show that the northern limit of the subducting Indian plate has reached the Jinsha River suture in eastern Tibet. A striking variation of P wave azimuthal anisotropy is revealed in the Indian lithosphere: the fast velocity direction (FVD) is NE SW beneath the Indian continent, whereas the FVD is arc parallel beneath the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau, which may reflect re orientation of minerals due to lithospheric extension, in response to the India Eurasia collision. There are multiple anisotropic layers with variable FVDs in some parts of the Tibetan Plateau, which may be the cause of the dominant null splitting measurements in these regions. A circular pattern of FVDs is revealed around the Philippine Sea slab beneath SE China, which reflects asthenospheric strain caused by toroidal mantle flow around the edge of the subducting slab.
Design of an area efficient partial sum architecture for polar decoders based on new matrix generator
Venue: 2016 14th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS)

This paper proposes an area efficient partial sum generator (PSG) architecture for polar decoder implementation. High throughput PSG designs mainly consist of an encoding matrix generator and a partial sum update circuit. The matrix generator conventionally is built by cascading a series of D flip flops and XOR gates. By decomposing the target matrix into the Kronecker product of smaller matrices, this paper proposes a new multi level matrix generator architecture built by interconnection of several matrix generators of small sizes and additional arrays of AND gates. The additional AND gates incurred by our new matrix generator can be integrated with those AND gates required in the partial sum update circuit when forming PSG such that only two extra AND gates are required for the proposed PSG based on two level matrix generator architecture. The required number of D flip flops and XOR gates of two level matrix generator is only about 50% of the conventional one. Considering the entire PSG module, the overall reduction ratio is still more than 16% The proposed PSG design can be applied for various kinds of successive cancellation polar decoder architectures.
Selective area growth of high density GaN nanowire arrays on Si(111)
Venue: 2016 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series (SUM)

Selective area growth of high density GaN nanowires on Si(111) substrate by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy is studied. AlN nanopedestals used as nanowires growth seeds are fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. GaN nanowires with hexagonal cross section show the best optical quality with a strong resonant emission at 3.457eV.
Latino Migrations and the Transformation of Religion in the United States: Framing the Question

This chapter focuses on the rising Latino demographic in the United States and its impact on Christianity, particularly Catholicism. The Pew Research Center summarized its findings about Latinos and the transformation of American religion saying that "understanding religious faith among Latinos is essential to understanding the future of this population as well as the evolving nature of religion in the United States."1 This chapter seeks to provide an initial framework for the exploration of major Latino contributions to religion in the United States today. Students in the fields of religious and theological studies may find the profile helpful in the effort to better grasp the broader dimensions of this reality. These pages provide a necessary overview for a neuralgic topic as US society, religions, and religious movements experience Latinoization as a result of migration, relatively high Latino birthrates, and considerable exogamy.2 The unprecedented participation of Latinos in the outcome of the 2012 presidential elections and the abundant commentary on its significance as a watershed moment suggest an analogy: what is happening in the political realignment of the nation echoes a change as well with regard to society and religion.3
Shakespeare Is 'GREAT'

While William Shakespeare has had over 400 years to nurture and grow his globally iconic and emblematic brand, the UK Government's highly innovative GREAT Britain Campaign 'GREAT' has had just four. Yet, by showcasing the very best the UK has to offer the world in terms of trade, investment, tourism, education and culture, the impact that GREAT has had already on its target markets has been highly significant, in terms of both economic gain and soft power influence. At the heart of GREAT's global message is its focus on promoting UK leadership and expertise in creativity as a way of differentiating the nation against key competitors such as Germany, France and Italy. To achieve this, the GREAT campaign has worked in close partnership with many of the UK's most iconic corporate and personal brands including Jaguar Land Rover, James Bond, British Airways, Burberry, David Beckham and the Royal Family. Given Shakespeare's contemporary relevance globally as a cultural and soft power asset for the UK, it was inevitable that he would also become part of the GREAT campaign and, with the ongoing global celebrations of his key anniversaries, the bard from Stratford upon Avon is taking centre stage. His cultural significance globally indeed his ability to take stories from overseas, add creative value to them and then 'export' them again to the world continues to have a resonance for modern day UK business.
Molecular structure of bottlebrush polymers in melts
Venue: Science Advances

Steric repulsion between grafted side chains inhibits interpenetration of bottlebrushes, transforming them into flexible filaments. Bottlebrushes are fascinating macromolecules that display an intriguing combination of molecular and particulate features having vital implications in both living and synthetic systems, such as cartilage and ultrasoft elastomers. However, the progress in practical applications is impeded by the lack of knowledge about the hierarchic organization of both individual bottlebrushes and their assemblies. We delineate fundamental correlations between molecular architecture, mesoscopic conformation, and macroscopic properties of polymer melts. Numerical simulations corroborate theoretical predictions for the effect of grafting density and side chain length on the dimensions and rigidity of bottlebrushes, which effectively behave as a melt of flexible filaments. These findings provide quantitative guidelines for the design of novel materials that allow architectural tuning of their properties in a broad range without changing chemical composition.
Marrying supply chain sustainability and resilience: A match made in heaven

Sustainable supply chain management has become an integral part of corporate strategy for virtually every industry. However, little is understood about the broader impacts of sustainability practices on the capacity of the supply chain to tolerate disruptions. This article aims to explore the sustainability resilience relationship at the supply chain design level. A multi objective optimization model featuring a sustainability performance scoring method and a stochastic fuzzy goal programming approach is developed that can be used to perform a dynamic sustainability tradeoff analysis and design a "resiliently sustainable" supply chain. Important managerial and practical insights are obtained from an empirical case study.
Structural quantification of the ripple effect in the supply chain

In recent years, remarkable advancements have been achieved in quantitative analysis methods for supply chain design (SCD) Typically, cost or service level optimisation has been included in the objective functions. At the same time, supply chain managers face the ripple effect that arises from vulnerability, instability and disruptions in supply chains. This research aimed to quantify the ripple effect in the supply chain from the structural perspective. The research agenda of this study includes issues of integrating operability objectives as new key performance indicators, e.g. resilience, stability, robustness into SCD decisions. The research is based on a simultaneous consideration of both static structural properties of SCD and execution dynamics subject to uncertainty and disruptions. Due to high dimensionality of real SCD problems, such integration can hardly be implemented in only one model. In this study, an original two model multi criteria approach is proposed in order to assess the potential ability of an SCD to remain stable and resilient. This modelling approach is based on a combined application of a static and a dynamic model. A multi criteria approach relies on the analytic hierarchy process method. The results of this research can be used as an additional quantitative analysis tool in order to select an SCD. An additional application of the developed method is that it can be used at the control stage in order to adapt supply chain execution subject to the achievement of desired economic performance.
Dynamic recovery policies for time critical supply chains under conditions of ripple effect

We consider time critical supply chains (SCs) in the Australia dairy industry and recovery policies in the presence of the ripple effect. Ripple effect is the impact of a disruption on SC economic performance and disruption based scope of changes needed in the supply structures and parameters to preserve the resilience. First, we describe the ripple effect in general and one example of the ripple effect in the dairy SC in Australia. Second, we present a model for reactive recovery policies in the dairy SC under conditions of the ripple effect and exemplify them on a simulation example. The results of this study can be used in future for comparing proactive and reactive approaches in tackling the ripple effect from resilience and flexibility views.
Comparative histology of some craniofacial sutures and skull base synchondroses in non avian dinosaurs and their extant phylogenetic bracket
Venue: Journal of anatomy

Sutures and synchondroses, the fibrous and cartilaginous articulations found in the skulls of vertebrates, have been studied for many biological applications at the morphological scale. However, little is known about these articulations at the microscopic scale in non mammalian vertebrates, including extant archosaurs (birds and crocodilians) The major goals of this paper were to: (i) document the microstructure of some sutures and synchondroses through ontogeny in archosaurs; (ii) compare these microstructures with previously published sutural histology (i.e. that of mammals) and (iii) document how these articulations with different morphological degrees of closure (open or obliterated) appear histologically. This was performed with histological analyses of skulls of emus, American alligators, a fossil crocodilian and ornithischian dinosaurs (hadrosaurids, pachycephalosaurids and ceratopsids) Emus and mammals possess a sutural periosteum until sutural fusion, but it disappears rapidly during ontogeny in American alligators. This study identified seven types of sutural mineralized tissues in extant and extinct archosaurs and grouped them into four categories: periosteal tissues; acellular tissues; fibrous tissues; and intratendinous tissues. Due to the presence of a periosteum in their sutures, emus and mammals possess periosteal tissues at their sutural borders. The mineralized sutural tissues of crocodilians and ornithischian dinosaurs are more variable and can also develop via a form of necrosis for acellular tissues and metaplasia for fibrous and intratendinous tissues. It was hypothesized that non avian dinosaurs, like the American alligator, lacked a sutural periosteum and that their primary mode of ossification involved the direct mineralization of craniofacial sutures (instead of intramembranous ossification found in mammals and birds) However, we keep in mind that a bird like sutural microstructure might have arisen within non avian saurichians. While synchondroseal histology is relatively similar in archosaurs and mammals, the microstructural differences between the sutures of these two clades are undeniable. Moreover, the current results suggest that the degree of sutural closure can only accurately be known via microstructural analyses. This study sheds light on the microstructure and growth of archosaurian sutures and synchondroses, and reveals a unique, undocumented histological diversity in non avian dinosaur skulls.
Sensor enabled Internet of Things for smart cities
Venue: 2016 Fourth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC)

With rapid growth in the world population, tremendous pressure towards cities has triggered different smart city initiatives from government as well as private sectors to contribute in finding sustainable solutions for these overwhelming issues. Internet of Things has also attracted unprecedented attention in the last few years. It connects billions of sensor devices to the Internet which can be used in managing smart cities efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we observe the concepts of sensor enabled Internet of Things and describe its potential in building of a smart city. Our goal is to revise the latest trends of existing findings in this research area and identify some major issues concerning the sensor enabled Internet of Things for smart cities.
Urban innovation, regional externalities of foreign direct investment and industrial agglomeration: Evidence from Chinese cities

This paper examines how urban industrial agglomeration interacts with the intra and inter regional externalities resulting from foreign direct investment (FDI) in city innovation in an emerging economy. It adds to the existing literature by highlighting the importance of considering both spatial proximity and urban industrial structures in understanding FDI knowledge spillovers in urban areas. Using a unique and manually collected city level dataset for the period from 2005 to 2011 in China, our empirical results confirm the role of FDI as an important external knowledge source in the context of a developing country. The spatial externalities of FDI, however, are limited to the city of investment. We further show that FDI spatial spillovers are contingent upon the intensity of industrial agglomeration within and across cities. Specialized industrial structures absorb FDI knowledge spillovers within the cities and also facilitate their dissemination to nearby cities, while diversified ones provide a vibrant environment for local innovation. Our empirical evidence has important implications for both theories and policy making.
Connecting the dots A discussion on key concepts in contemporary entrepreneurship education

The purpose of this paper is to justify, elaborate and elucidate the concepts of action, experience and reflection, and how they are intertwined when discussing contemporary entrepreneurship education. These concepts have been given a meaning in entrepreneurship education, but have not been discussed in depth, and by that have been abridged in meaning and purpose, and mostly been treated in isolation from each other.  The paper is conceptual and takes its starting point in the historical development of the field and discusses the concepts, from philosophical roots and their application, in entrepreneurship education.  Neither of the discussed concepts are enough to generate learning one by one, as they are intertwined within the learning process that aims to generate knowledge. From this perspective, an understanding of how these concepts work, both individually and in synergy, is of importance for entrepreneurship education.  The discussion presented in this paper may be a starting point for future empirical studies on entrepreneurial learning, by developing the meaning of action, reflections and experience, or by trying to conceptualize them.  The study indicates that entrepreneurship education should not concentrate only on one dimension of the entrepreneurial learning process, as for example, on actions, but should try to combine all of its discussed elements.  By exploring the origins and developments around the concepts, the paper brings a deepened understanding of what the field considers as important when learning entrepreneurship. By decomposing and mutually referring the concepts, the authors contribute to the call of strengthening the theoretical and philosophical understanding in entrepreneurship education.
On the suitability of the immersed boundary method for the simulation of high Reynolds number separated turbulent flows

Delayed detached eddy simulation based on the Spalart Allmaras turbulence model is applied in conjunction with the immersed boundary method to high Reynolds number turbulent flows in complex geometries. A fourth order, finite difference solver capable of discretely preserving the total kinetic energy in the limit of inviscid flow is adopted to solve the compressible Navier Stokes equations and model consistent, adaptive wall functions are employed to provide proper numerical boundary conditions at the fluid/solid interface. Numerical tests, performed for several configurations involving massively separated flows, demonstrate that computations at high Reynolds number typically occurring in flows of industrial relevance can be successfully carried out using the immersed boundary strategy, providing predictions whose accuracy is comparable to that of standard, body fitted, structured and unstructured flow solvers.
An extension of the immersed boundary method based on the distributed Lagrange multiplier approach
Venue: J. Comput. Phys.

An extended formulation of the immersed boundary method, which facilitates simulation of incompressible isothermal and natural convection flows around immersed bodies and which may be applied for linear stability analysis of the flows, is presented. The Lagrangian forces and heat sources are distributed on the fluid structure interface. The method treats pressure, the Lagrangian forces, and heat sources as distributed Lagrange multipliers, thereby implicitly providing the kinematic constraints of no slip and the corresponding thermal boundary conditions for immersed surfaces. Extensive verification of the developed method for both isothermal and natural convection 2D flows is provided. Strategies for adapting the developed approach to realistic 3D configurations are discussed.
Loops in AdS from conformal field theory

A bstractWe propose and demonstrate a new use for conformal field theory (CFT) crossing equations in the context of AdS/CFT: the computation of loop amplitudes in AdS, dual to non planar correlators in holographic CFTs. Loops in AdS are largely unexplored, mostly due to technical difficulties in direct calculations. We revisit this problem, and the dual 1/N expansion of CFTs, in two independent ways. The first is to show how to explicitly solve the crossing equations to the first subleading order in 1/N2, given a leading order solution. This is done as a systematic expansion in inverse powers of the spin, to all orders. These expansions can be resummed, leading to the CFT data for finite values of the spin. Our second approach involves Mellin space. We show how the polar part of the four point, loop level Mellin amplitudes can be fully reconstructed from the leading order data. The anomalous dimensions computed with both methods agree. In the case of ph4 theory in AdS, our crossing solution reproduces a previous computation of the one loop bubble diagram. We can go further, deriving the four point scalar triangle diagram in AdS, which had never been computed. In the process, we show how to analytically derive anomalous dimensions from Mellin amplitudes with an infinite series of poles, and discuss applications to more complicated cases such as the N$ \mathcal{N} 4 super Yang Mills theory.
The Quantified Community at Red Hook: Urban Sensing and Citizen Science in Low Income Neighborhoods
Venue: ArXiv

The Quantified Community (QC) a long term neighborhood informatics research initiative is a network of instrumented urban neighborhoods that collect, measure, and analyze data on physical and environmental conditions and human behavior to better understand how neighborhoods and the built environment affect individual and social well being. This initiative is intended to create a data enabled research environment to rigorously study the complex interactions in urban neighborhoods. The QC has initially launched in three very distinct areas in New York City: at Hudson Yards, a ground up "city within a city" of approximately 20 million square feet in Manhattan, in collaboration with the Related Companies; in Lower Manhattan, a mixed use neighborhood that attracts residents, workers, and visitors, in collaboration with the Alliance for Downtown NY; and in Red Hook, Brooklyn, an economically distressed community facing significant development and demographic changes, in partnership with the Red Hook Initiative. This paper describes our recent pilot project to deploy novel urban sensors in Red Hook to collect and analyze quality of life measurements at high spatial and temporal resolution. This effort is complemented by a citizen science initiative to engage local residents in the data collection and problem solving process to drive evidenced based community decision making and improve local and city governance.
Brooklyn Electrification: Reflective of National Trends and Practices [History]
Venue: IEEE Power and Energy Magazine

Brooklyn became part of the city of New York (Greater New York) on 1 January 1898. However, the fact that it once was a separate city, with its own government, commercial enterprises, press, culture, and entertainment centers, remains a factor in both civic and technological areas. For example, the present day subway system evolved along two separate concepts with different sizes of vehicles and variations in signal components. Similar differences impacted the evolution of Brooklyn?s electrical generation and distribution system.
Tell It to the Judge: Procedural Justice and a Community Court in Brooklyn

Based on direct observation inside and outside the courts and on interviews with one hundred residents and two hundred previous offenders, this article examines the performance of procedural justice in a community court in the Red Hook neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. Results show that the community court is widely praised compared to the downtown Brooklyn courts and in sharp contrast to police enforcement. The content of this praise suggests that the community court cultivates legitimacy by treating people respectfully and by helping to mitigate problems with powerful institutions such as the police and the New York City Housing Authority. In light of these results, this article considers intertwined debates about procedural justice and how these ideas articulate with legal anthropologists' understanding of hegemony.