nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy update for the family Polyomaviridae
Venue: Archives of Virology

Many distinct polyomaviruses infecting a variety of vertebrate hosts have recently been discovered, and their complete genome sequence could often be determined. To accommodate this fast growing diversity, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Polyomaviridae Study Group designed a host and sequence based rationale for an updated taxonomy of the family Polyomaviridae. Applying this resulted in numerous recommendations of taxonomical revisions, which were accepted by the Executive Committee of the ICTV in December 2015. New criteria for definition and creation of polyomavirus species were established that were based on the observed distance between large T antigen coding sequences. Four genera (Alpha Beta, Gamma and Deltapolyomavirus) were delineated that together include 73 species. Species naming was made as systematic as possible most species names now consist of the binomial name of the host species followed by polyomavirus and a number reflecting the order of discovery. It is hoped that this important update of the family taxonomy will serve as a stable basis for future taxonomical developments.
An Algorithm of Physical Network Topology Discovery in Multi VLANs

The most recent physical topology discovery knowledge of the Ethernet network is the key to network management tasks. Virtual LANs (VLANs) allow network managers to completely break the correlation between the logical and physical network by grouping the interfaces of the same network elements into different subnets. An efficient and general algorithm for discovering physical network topology across multi VLANs is very necessary. Our topology discovery algorithms are simple for VLANs if we know the VLANs interface groups. The algorithm based on MIB information of SNMP standard is widely supplied by modern IP network elements and does not need modify the operating system software running on hosts or elements. The experimental results prove the correctness of the algorithm and the sufficient and necessary conditions for the uniqueness of the restored topology.
Simulation of Virtual LANs VLANs Using OPNET

Virtual LANs (VLANs) offer a method of dividing one physical network into multiple broadcast domains. This paper simulates a VLAN using OPNET. Different scenarios are designed and simulated, where a step by step procedure using the workspace of OPNET is given. The first scenario network is tested for the cases when the network composed of (10 PCs 5 servers) and (24 PCs 6 servers) This scenario is given for the purpose of comparison increased network size with no VLAN configuration. The second scenario is a 3_vlan configuration for the same network in the first scenario. The third scenario is a 6_vlan configuring. These scenarios are given for the purpose of comparison with and without VLAN, while the last scenario is given to explain VLAN interconnection which consists of one Cisco router, 4 PCs and 3servers. For VLAN inter communication, a Layer 3 router is required (e.g. Cisco 4700 router) The simulation is carried out for a total simulation time of 1 hour. The results obtained show a large reduction in traffic carried by the switch with more secure and efficient bandwidth utilization.
Convolutional Neural Networks over Tree Structures for Programming Language Processing
Venue: AAAI

Programming language processing (similar to natural language processing) is a hot research topic in the field of software engineering; it has also aroused growing interest in the artificial intelligence community. However, different from a natural language sentence, a program contains rich, explicit, and complicated structural information. Hence, traditional NLP models may be inappropriate for programs. In this paper, we propose a novel tree based convolutional neural network (TBCNN) for programming language processing, in which a convolution kernel is designed over programs' abstract syntax trees to capture structural information. TBCNN is a generic architecture for programming language processing; our experiments show its effectiveness in two different program analysis tasks: classifying programs according to functionality, and detecting code snippets of certain patterns. TBCNN outperforms baseline methods, including several neural models for NLP.
Writer verification based on a single handwriting word samples
Venue: EURASIP J. Image Video Process.

The writer recognition task has received a lot of interests during the last decade due to it wide range of applications. This task includes writer identification and/or writer verification. However, all the researches assumed that they dispose of a large amount of text to identify or authenticate the writer, which is never the case in real life applications. In this paper, we present an original approach for the writer authentication task based on the analysis of a unique sample of a handwriting word. We used the Levenshtein edit distance based on Fisher Wagner algorithm to estimate the cost of transforming one handwritten word into another. Such method has been successfully applied for signature authentication and voice recognition. In order to apply it to handwriting words, we developed a segmentation module to generate the graphemes; considered as elementary components for each word. We evaluated this approach on part of the IAM database (100 writers) where half of them provided three samples only of the same word. The obtained results are very promising since we succeed to accept correctly in 87 of cases when we used the whole database (100 writers) and up to 92 when we used 40 writers.
Slant Correction and Detection for Offline Cursive Handwriting using 2D Affine Transform

Cursive handwriting recognition is a machine learning field that tries to capitalize the uniqueness characteristics of character to be expressed in a series of objects of observation, then recognized by a system. There are great amounts of shape and style hand writing variation. Each writer has her/his own styles. Thus, it made difficult to perform a cursive segmentation. One of the difficulties is handwriting segmentation with a slope. In this study a slant handwriting method to detect geometry distorted images of handwriting is being proposed. The shifting processes of continued handwriting are carried out by defining the matrix of the letter through 2D affine transformation function. The image of the letter is shifted based on the slope of the words in the direction of the x or y axis. The shifting process are used a certain scaling factor. The experiments are tested using 40 continued offline handwriting. The data are obtained from IAM Database with image slope of 45 to 45 degrees. The results showed that 2D affine transformation methods are successfully detect and correct the slope of the letter and as a result avoid the over segmentation of the image candidate. It able to improve the accuracy of continued offline handwriting recognition. Keywords 2D Affine Transform; Cursive Handwriting; Offline; Slant
Do the Rich Save More in Japan? Evidence Based on Two Micro Data Sets for the 2000s

Using two household surveys for Japan, the Family and Lifestyle Survey (FLS) and the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) this paper investigates whether the saving rates of richer households (households with higher lifetime wealth) are higher than those of poorer households. The major difficulty in addressing this issue empirically is that a reliable proxy for lifetime wealth is rarely available. We therefore construct a number of proxies from the two surveys. While the estimated relationships are sensitive to the choice of proxy for lifetime wealth, the patterns observed for working age households in Japan are generally consistent with those reported for Western countries: we find significant positive correlations between saving rates and lifetime wealth when we use education and/or the type of occupation (job) as proxies, while the positive correlations disappear when we use consumption as an alternative proxy. We also try alternative proxies original to this study: lagged consumption, household assets, and/or purchase prices and find that the results with these instruments indicate marginally positive correlations between saving rates and lifetime wealth for working age households. We further find that the relationship between saving rates and lifetime wealth differs depending on the life stage of individual households. Older households with higher lifetime wealth appear to be dissaving to some extent, which is more or less consistent with the lifecycle model of consumption.
Constitutionality: Conditions for Crafting Local Ownership of Institution Building Processes

This article presents constitutionality as a new approach for analyzing bottom up institution building processes emphasizing local perceptions and local agency in common pool resource management. Using four case studies fisheries in Zambia; pasture and forestry in Mali; fisheries in Indonesia; forestry in Bolivia this approach analyzes examples of local institution building differing from top down imposed participation. Our analysis highlights six components of constitutionality: emic perceptions of the need for new institutions, participatory processes of negotiation, preexisting institutions as a basis for institution building, outside catalyzing agents, recognition of local knowledge, and higher level acknowledgment of the new institutions.
Mental imagery of speech implicates two mechanisms of perceptual reactivation
Venue: Cortex

Sensory cortices can be activated without any external stimuli. Yet, it is still unclear how this perceptual reactivation occurs and which neural structures mediate this reconstruction process. In this study, we employed fMRI with mental imagery paradigms to investigate the neural networks involved in perceptual reactivation. Subjects performed two speech imagery tasks: articulation imagery (AI) and hearing imagery (HI) We found that AI induced greater activity in frontal parietal sensorimotor systems, including sensorimotor cortex, subcentral (BA 43) middle frontal cortex (BA 46) and parietal operculum (PO) whereas HI showed stronger activation in regions that have been implicated in memory retrieval: middle frontal (BA 8) inferior parietal cortex and intraparietal sulcus. Moreover, posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) and anterior superior temporal gyrus (aSTG) was activated more in AI compared with HI, suggesting that covert motor processes induced stronger perceptual reactivation in the auditory cortices. These results suggest that motor to perceptual transformation and memory retrieval act as two complementary mechanisms to internally reconstruct corresponding perceptual outcomes. These two mechanisms can serve as a neurocomputational foundation for predicting perceptual changes, either via a previously learned relationship between actions and their perceptual consequences or via stored perceptual experiences of stimulus and episodic or contextual regularity.
The acquisition of academic writing skills model for English Second Language Students from elementary to tertiary education

Building a foundation of academic literacies has been a neglected area in recent times. Many English Second Language (ESL) students who come to universities and other higher institutions of learning can barely read or write a sentence free of grammar errors or a coherent argument. This article seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge by filling the existing research gap on academic writing in recent times and propose the Acquisition of Academic Writing Skills Model, which provides guidelines to build a strong foundation of academic literacies throughout all schooling levels culminating into tertiary education. This article reports part of the findings of a qualitative study on academic writing in English Second Language (ESL) contexts. The academic literacies model and reviewed literature on writing underpinned the study both theoretically and conceptually. The findings of the study and the observations from the reviewed literature are integrated to develop the Acquisition of Academic Writing Skills Model. These guidelines are indispensable in ESL contexts as they prepare learners to come fully equipped with all the literacy skills needed to cope with the demands of tertiary education. The author recommends that academic literacies should be encapsulated within the curriculum from early childhood education to tertiary education.
Performance Assessment of the Juaboso District Office of the National Health Insurance Authority.
Venue: Value in health regional issues

To assess the performance of the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) in Ghana.  Using a thorough case study of the Juaboso District Office of the NHIA, this study assessed the community coverage rate, the annual expenditure and income, and the trend of claims payment for the period 2009 to 2012 as well as factors influencing the level of patronage of the National Health Insurance Scheme. A self administered structured questionnaire was used to gather data from the management of the scheme. Secondary data were also gathered from the scheme's audited financial statements. Informal discussions were held with the premium collectors and clients to throw more light on revenue generation challenges.  The study found an increasing trend in the coverage rate on a yearly basis. Over the study period, the rate moved from 30.6 to 60.1, representing an increase of 96.7% This shows that in terms of coverage rate, the Juaboso District Office of the NHIA is performing very well. The study also found that revenue has increased but the percentage rate of increase has decreased, compared with the coverage percentage rate. Expenditure has been on the rise, increasing by as much as 20.7% in 2011. Again, the study revealed a consistent year on year increase in the claims payment, consistent with the national trend.  Constant clinical auditing of claims payments is required to ensure accountability. This would lead to transparency with regard to performance assessment of the claims. The findings have important implications for the effective management of the NHIA.
A Grouping Method for Multiple Targets Search Using Swarm Robots
Venue: ICSI

This paper presents an integrated method based on a modified PSO algorithm and a grouping strategy for swarm robots to search multiple targets simultaneously. The number of robot groups is determined autonomously according to the actual searched environment and the amount of potential targets. A simulation platform is designed to demonstrate the searching process and to verify the method. Comparisons are performed to show the superior of the studied method. Results show that the proposed method has good adaptability and high success rate in the searching multiple targets.
Triangle Formation Based Multiple Targets Search Using a Swarm of Robots
Venue: ICSI

As a distributed system, swarm robotics is well suited for multiple targets search tasks. In this paper, a new approach based on triangle formation and random search is proposed for high efficiency, demonstrating excellent abilities of exploration and exploitation in experiments. In addition, a new random walk strategy of linear ballistic motion, integrated with triangle estimation, is put forward as a comparison algorithm, the performance of which can serve as a benchmark.
Goodness of fit Testing for Left truncated Two parameter Weibull Distributions with Known Truncation Point

The left truncated Weibull distribution is used in life time analysis, it has many applications ranging from financial market analysis and insurance claims to the earthquake inter arrival times. We present a comprehensive analysis of the left truncated Weibull distribution when the shape, scale or both parameters are unknown and they are determined from the data using the maximum likelihood estimator. We demonstrate that if both the Weibull parameters are unknown then there are sets of sample configurations, with measure greater than zero, for which the maximum likelihood equations do not possess non trivial solutions. The modified critical values of the goodness of fit test from the Kolmogorov Smirnov test statistic when the parameters are unknown are obtained from a quantile analysis. We find that the critical values depend on sample size and truncation level, but not on the actual Weibull parameters. Confirming this behavior, we present a complementary analysis using the Brownian bridge approach as an asymptotic limit of the Kolmogorov Smirnov statistics and find that both approaches are in good agreement. A power testing is performed for our Kolmogorov Smirnov goodness of fit test and the issues related to the left truncated data are discussed. We conclude the paper by showing the importance of left truncated Weibull distribution hypothesis testing on the duration times of failed marriages in the US, worldwide terrorist attacks, waiting times between stock market orders, and time intervals of radioactive decay.
Lens and Camera Arrays for Sky Surveys and Space Surveillance.

In recent years, a number of sky survey projects have chosen to use arrays of commercial cameras coupled with commercial photographic lenses to enable low cost, wide area observation. Projects such as SuperWASP, FAVOR, RAPTOR, Lotis, PANOPTES, and DragonFly rely on multiple cameras with commercial lenses to image wide areas of the sky each night. The sensors are usually commercial astronomical charge coupled devices (CCDs) or digital single reflex (DSLR) cameras, while the lenses are large aperture, highend consumer items intended for general photography. While much of this equipment is very capable and relatively inexpensive, this approach comes with a number of significant limitations that reduce sensitivity and overall utility of the image data. The most frequently encountered limitations include lens vignetting, narrow spectral bandpass, and a relatively large point spread function. Understanding these limits helps to assess the utility of the data, and identify areas where advanced optical designs could significantly improve survey performance.
A Blue Ocean Strategy for Palliative Care: Focus on Family Caregivers.
Venue: Journal of pain and symptom management

In a short 10 years, specialty palliative care has grown exponentially in the U.S. evolving from an inpatient service found in just a few, early adopter centers to an integrated inpatient and outpatient interdisciplinary care team operating in two thirds of the 5600 U.S. hospitals. The Center to Advance Palliative Care estimates that more than six million patients were touched by palliative care in 2014, only a few years removed from the dark cloud of 'death panels' that greatly distorted American public perception. In the business world, strategy experts would call palliative care's remarkable growth and penetration high 'operational effectiveness. Thus, palliative care has performed better than its competitors to both grow and thrive. Without successes in operational effectiveness, palliative care would still be a niche service, instead of an expected consultation service in all U.S. hospitals. Operational effectiveness, which includes expansion into areas of care typically not sought after by others (e.g. complex psychosocial situations, difficult to manage symptoms, actively dying patients) has been the driver that has interwoven the palliative care 'organization' into the fabric of usual health care. Such differentiation of services has temporarily placed palliative care as relevant in the health care landscape. But, the current and past success in operational effectiveness does not elucidate what will keep palliative care outperforming future competitors. Strategies that have earned us success to date are not necessarily strategies that will bring us success in the future. It may be tempting to think that palliative care will never have competitors; however, others are definitely watching its success. It is time to discuss the strategic positioning of palliative care. Strategic positioning, as described by noted economist Dr. Michael Porter, 'attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinctive about an organization, by performing different activities from rivals, or performing similar activities in different ways. In essence, it is reflecting
Archaeology and Languages in Prehistoric Northern Eurasia

The distribution of frequencies of radiocarbon dated Palaeolithic sites in northern Eurasia shows peaks culminating at 40 30 thousand, 24 18 thou sand, and 17 11 thousand years before the present. These peaks are viewed as reflecting the waves in the colonization of that area by Anatomically Modern Humans, originally stemming from Africa and Western Asia. The waves of colonization were triggered by environmental stress that became particularly acute in western Eurasia during the Last Glaciation maximum. The expan sion of the mating networks aimed at the avoidance of inbreeding was the primary mechanism of migration. The population of AMH spreading in the eastern direction included "softened" Mongoloid elements. The "dialectal continuum" consisting of Proto Uralic, Proto Altaic and Palaeo Siberian related languages formed the principal communication media of Early Modern Humans in northern Eurasia.
HDy Copilot: A Mobile Application for Automatic Accident Detection and Multimodal Alert Dissemination

The rapid technological growth is now providing global opportunities to enable intelligent transportation system (ITS) to tackle road traffic accidents which is considered one of the world's largest public injury prevention problem. For this purpose, eCall is an initiative by EU with the purpose to bring rapid assistance to an accident location presents HDy Copilot, an application for accident detection integrated with multimodal alert dissemination, both via eCall and IEEE 802.11p (ITS G5) The proposed accident detection algorithm receives inputs from the vehicle, via ODB II, and from the smartphone sensors, namely the accelerometer, the magnetometer and the gyroscope. Android smartphone is used as human machine interface, so that the driver can configure the application, receive road hazard warnings issued by other vehicles in the vicinity and cancel countdown procedures upon false accident detection. The HDy Copilot is developed for Android OS as it provides open source APIs that allow access to its hardware resources. The application is implemented and tested on IEEE 802.11p based prototype and the generated results show that it successfully detects collisions, rollovers and performs the eCall along with sending Minimum Set of Data (MSD)
Multiwave: A novel vehicle steering pattern detection method based on smartphones
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

Aggressive driving is the main cause of traffic accidents all over the world. Aggressive steering is the second leading cause of traffic accidents, just behind speeding. To detect aggressive steering and encourage drivers to cultivate better driving behaviors, automatic recognition of different vehicle steering modes is required so a decision can be taken on whether the behavior is aggressive or not. This paper investigates various patterns of turning, changing lanes and U turns, and then design and implement a system termed MultiWave that utilizes the gyroscope of a smartphone to automatically detect vehicle steering patterns. MultiWave divides driving behaviors into different categories by analyzing the data collected by gyroscope sensors. Since it analyzes the gyroscopic sensor data of turning, changing lanes and U turns, MultiWave is flexible and robust for most urban situations. The classification accuracy of MultiWave can reach averages of 92% 76.5% and 87% for vehicle turning, changing lanes and U turn, respectively.