nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society.
Venue: Europace European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology

Arrhythmias confer a substantial risk of mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and this represents a major healthcare burden worldwide. There are at least 15 million patients with HF in Europe  The overall prevalence of HF ranges between 2 and 3% but increases sharply after 75 years of age, reaching 10 20% among those in the eighth decade of  Heart failure hospitalizations are increasing, and many of these may be related to cardiac arrhythmias. Indeed, episodes of decompensation may be related to arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation (AF) Atrial fibrillation per se contributes to an increased risk of mortality and morbidity from stroke and thromboembolism, and silent AF is common among patients with HF, not infrequently leading to a first presentation of AF with an ischaemic stroke.2 New developments in stroke prevention offer additional challenges in the HF patient. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is also a major cause of mortality among HF patients and is commonly related to cardiac arrhythmias, particularly ventricular arrhythmias (VAs).3 In addition, associated co morbidities, such as renal impairment, may influence cardiac arrhythmias, their complications, associated treatments, and prognostic implications.4 New developments in cardiac monitoring, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and other implantable devices have been introduced. These allow better detection and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in HF, opening more opportunities for improvements in management. To address the management of arrhythmias in HF, a Task Force was convened by the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and the Heart Failure Association (HFA) endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) with the remit to comprehensively review the published evidence available, to publish a joint consensus document on
Heart failure across Asia: Same healthcare burden but differences in organization of care.
Venue: International journal of cardiology

A gap in the knowledge on the status of heart failure (HF) in Asia versus other regions led to the creation of a working group of Asian experts from 9 countries or regions (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) Each expert sought the best available data from local publications, registries, or clinical practice. The prevalence of HF in Asia was generally similar to global values (1% to 3% but with some outliers. There were substantial variations in healthcare spending, and the average cost of HF hospitalization varied from 813 US$ in Indonesia to nearly 9000 US$ in South Korea. Comorbidities were frequent, particularly hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking were alarmingly common in some countries. Asian HF patients spent between 5 and 12.5days in hospital, and 3% to 15% were readmitted for HF by 30days. The pharmacological treatment of Asian patients generally followed international guidelines, including renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors (61% to 90% diuretics (76% to 99% beta blockers (32% to 78% and digoxin (19% to 53% with some room for improvement in terms of life saving therapies. Our review supports implementation of a more comprehensive and organized approach to HF care in Asia.
Heart Failure Clinical Trials in East and Southeast Asia: Understanding the Importance and Defining the Next Steps.
Venue: JACC. Heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a major and increasing global public health problem. In Asia, aging populations and recent increases in cardiovascular risk factors have contributed to a particularly high burden of HF, with outcomes that are poorer than those in the rest of the world. Representation of Asians in landmark HF trials has been variable. In addition, HF patients from Asia demonstrate clinical differences from patients in other geographic regions. Thus, the generalizability of some clinical trial results to the Asian population remains uncertain. In this article, we review differences in HF phenotype, HF management, and outcomes in patients from East and Southeast Asia. We describe lessons learned in Asia from recent HF registries and clinical trial databases and outline strategies to improve the potential for success in future trials. This review is based on discussions among scientists, clinical trialists, industry representatives, and regulatory representatives at the CardioVascular Clinical Trialist Asia Forum in Singapore on July 4, 2014.
Performance assessment of different day of the year based models for estimating global solar radiation Case study: Egypt

Different models are introduced to predict the daily global solar radiation in different locations but there is no specific model based on the day of the year is proposed for many locations around the world. In this study, more than 20 years of measured data for daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface are used to develop and validate seven models to estimate the daily global solar radiation by day of the year for ten cities around Egypt as a case study. Moreover, the generalization capability for the best models is examined all over the country. The regression analysis is employed to calculate the coefficients of different suggested models. The statistical indicators namely, RMSE, MABE, MAPE, r and R 2 are calculated to evaluate the performance of the developed models. Based on the validation with the available data, the results show that the hybrid sine and cosine wave model and 4th order polynomial model have the best performance among other suggested models. Consequently, these two models coupled with suitable coefficients can be used for estimating the daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface for each city, and also for all the locations around the studied region. It is believed that the established models in this work are applicable and significant for quick estimation for the average daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface with higher accuracy. The values of global solar radiation generated by this approach can be utilized in the design and estimation of the performance of different solar applications.
Using the Event B formal method for disciplined agile delivery of safety critical systems

In order to improve the development process of highintegrity systems, using formal methods, we consider how agile techniques may influence the Event B formal method, and how Event B may be used in a development that uses an agile approach. To examine the crossover between Event B and agile methods we review the Disciplined Agile Delivery approach (DAD) The DAD approach is inspired by many state of the art agile techniques, and we use it as a meta analysis of current bestpractice. In this paper, we propose an agile process for using Event B and examine how agile techniques might influence the use of Event B. We identify a number of areas in which EventB could be improved and suggest that a different view of agile practices may be needed for an agile project involving formal development.  Agile; Formal Methods; Event B; Critical Systems
LIFELONG LEARNING: CONCLUSIONS FROM A LITERATURE REVIEW

Lifelong learning is one of the most frequently used learning approaches and is based on all of an individual's life processes from birth to death. This research is a literature review which aims to examine the historical development process, application areas, place in educational programmes, competencies and the importance in terms of human life of the lifelong learning approach. In order to answer these general questions, scientific studies retrieved from different databases and the results of these scientific studies were examined in detail.  lifelong learning, educational programmes, lifelong learning approach
Baseline frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals living in Turin (North Western Italy) assessment of the effects of age, sex and GSTs gene polymorphisms on the levels of genomic damage
Venue: Annals of human biology

The increased exposure to environmental pollutants has led to the awareness of the necessity for constant monitoring of human populations, especially those living in urban areas.  This study evaluated the background levels of genomic damage in a sample of healthy subjects living in the urban area of Turin (Italy) The association between DNA damage with age, sex and GSTs polymorphisms was assessed.  One hundred and one individuals were randomly sampled. Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs) and Chromosomal Aberrations (CAs) assays, as well as genotyping of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, were performed.  Mean values of SCEs and CAs were 5.137 0.166 and 0.018 0.002, respectively. Results showed age and gender associated with higher frequencies of these two cytogenetic markers. The eldest subjects (51 65 years) showed significantly higher levels of genomic damage than younger individuals. GSTs polymorphisms did not appear to significantly influence the frequencies of either markers.  The CAs background frequency observed in this study is one of the highest reported among European populations. Turin is one of the most polluted cities in Europe in terms of air fine PM10 and ozone and the clastogenic potential of these pollutants may explain the high frequencies of chromosomal rearrangements reported here.
A restart local search algorithm for solving maximum set k covering problem
Venue: Neural Computing and Applications

The maximum set k covering problem (MKCP) is a famous combinatorial optimization problem with widely many practical applications. In our work, we design a restart local search algorithm for solving MKCP, which is called RNKC. This algorithm effectively makes use of several advanced ideas deriving from the random restart mechanism and the neighborhood search method. RNKC designs a new random restart method to deal with the serious cycling problem of local search algorithms. Thanks to the novel neighborhood search method that allows a neighborhood exploration of as many feasible search areas as possible, the RNKC can obtain some greatly solution qualities. Comprehensive results on the classical instances show that the RNKC algorithm competes very favorably with a famous commercial solver CPLEX. In particular, it discovers some improved and great results and matches the same solution quality for some instances.
Characterization of Nipah virus infection in a model of human airway epithelial cells cultured at an air liquid interface.
Venue: The Journal of general virology

Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging paramyxovirus that can cause lethal respiratory illness in humans. No vaccine/therapeutic is currently licensed for humans. Human to human transmission was previously reported during outbreaks and NiV could be isolated from respiratory secretions, but the proportion of cases in Malaysia exhibiting respiratory symptoms was significantly lower than that in Bangladesh. Previously, we showed that primary human basal respiratory epithelial cells are susceptible to both NiV Malaysia (M) and Bangladesh (B) strains causing robust pro inflammatory responses. However, the cells of the human respiratory epithelium that NiV targets are unknown and their role in NiV transmission and NiV related lung pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we characterized NiV infection of the human respiratory epithelium using a model of the human tracheal/bronchial (B ALI) and small airway (S ALI) epithelium cultured at an air liquid interface. We show that NiV M and NiV B infect ciliated and secretory cells in B/S ALI, and that infection of S ALI, but not B ALI, results in disruption of the epithelium integrity and host responses recruiting human immune cells. Interestingly, NiV B replicated more efficiently in B ALI than did NiV M. These results suggest that the human tracheal/bronchial epithelium is favourable to NiV replication and shedding, while inducing a limited host response. Our data suggest that the small airways epithelium is prone to inflammation and lesions as well as constituting a point of virus entry into the pulmonary vasculature. The use of relevant models of the human respiratory tract, such as B/S ALI, is critical for understanding NiV related lung pathogenesis and identifying the underlying mechanisms allowing human to human transmission.
Living donor liver transplantation in Egypt.
Venue: Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition

In Egypt there is no doubt that chronic liver diseases are a major health concern. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence among the 15 59 years age group is estimated to be 14.7% The high prevalence of chronic liver diseases has led to increasing numbers of Egyptian patients suffering from end stage liver disease (ESLD) necessitating liver transplantation (LT) We reviewed the evolution of LT in Egypt and the current status. A single center was chosen as an example to review the survival and mortality rates. To date, deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) has not been implemented in any program though Egyptian Parliament approved the law in 2010. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) seemed to be the only logical choice to save many patients who are in desperate need for LT. By that time, there was increase in number of centers doing LDLT (13 centers) and increase in number of LDLT cases [2,400] with improvement of the results. Donor mortality rate is 1.66 per 1,000 donors; this comprised four donors in the Egyptian series. The exact recipient survival is not accurately known however, and the one year, three year and five year survival were 73.17% 70.83% and 64.16% respectively in the International Medical Center (IMC) in a series of 145 adult to adult living donor liver transplantation (AALDLT) cases. There was no donor mortality in this series. LDLT are now routinely and successfully performed in Egypt with reasonable donor and recipient outcomes. Organ shortage remains the biggest hurdle facing the increasing need for LT. Although LDLT had reasonable outcomes, it carries considerable risks to healthy donors. For example, it lacks cadaveric back up, and is not feasible for all patients. The initial success in LDLT should drive efforts to increase the people awareness about deceased organ donation in Egypt.
Formation of Chromosomal Domains by Loop Extrusion.
Venue: Cell reports

Topologically associating domains (TADs) are fundamental structural and functional building blocks of human interphase chromosomes, yet the mechanisms of TAD formation remain unclear. Here, we propose that loop extrusion underlies TAD formation. In this process, cis acting loop extruding factors, likely cohesins, form progressively larger loops but stall at TAD boundaries due to interactions with boundary proteins, including CTCF. Using polymer simulations, we show that this model produces TADs and finer scale features of Hi C data. Each TAD emerges from multiple loops dynamically formed through extrusion, contrary to typical illustrations of single static loops. Loop extrusion both explains diverse experimental observations including the preferential orientation of CTCF motifs, enrichments of architectural proteins at TAD boundaries, and boundary deletion experiments and makes specific predictions for the depletion of CTCF versus cohesin. Finally, loop extrusion has potentially far ranging consequences for processes such as enhancer promoter interactions, orientation specific chromosomal looping, and compaction of mitotic chromosomes.
Representing the "European refugee crisis" in Germany and beyond: Deservingness and difference, life and death

The European refugee crisis has gained worldwide attention with daily media coverage both in and outside Germany. Representations of refugees in media and political discourse in relation to Germany participate in a Gramscian "war of position" over symbols, policies, and, ultimately, social and material resources, with potentially fatal consequences. These representations shift blame from historical, political economic structures to the displaced people themselves. They demarcate the "deserving" refugee from the "undeserving" migrant and play into fear of cultural, religious, and ethnic difference in the midst of increasing anxiety and precarity for many in Europe. Comparative perspectives suggest that anthropology can play an important role in analyzing these phenomena, highlighting sites of contestation, imagining alternatives, and working toward them. [refugee, media, immigration, crisis, Germany, Europe]
Green Maintenance for historic masonry buildings: an option appraisal approach

Sustainability is well understood to encapsulate economic, environmental and societal parameters. The efficiency of maintenance interventions for historic buildings is no exception and also conforms to these broad factors. Recently, environmental considerations for masonry repair have become increasingly important and this work supports this growing area. The purpose of this paper is to give insight on how an option appraisal approach of "Green Maintenance" modelling for historic masonry buildings repair practically determine and ultimately substantiate the decision making process using a calculation procedures of life cycle assessment, within delineated boundaries.  Calculation procedures of the model enables an assessment of embodied carbon that is expended from different stone masonry wall repair techniques and scenarios for historic masonry buildings during the maintenance phase.  It recognises the importance roles Green Maintenance model can play in re.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) polymer electrolyte for paper based and flexible battery applications

Paper based batteries represent a new frontier in battery technology. However, low flexibility and poor ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes have been major impediments in achieving practical mechanically flexible batteries. This work discuss new highly ionic conductive polymer gel electrolytes for paper based battery applications. In this paper, we present a poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene) (PVDH HFP) porous membrane electrolyte enhanced with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulphone)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) with an ionic conductivity of 2.1 x 10 3 S cm 1. Combining ceramic (LATP) with the gel structure of PVDF HFP and LiTFSI ionic liquid harnesses benefits of ceramic and gel electrolytes in providing flexible electrolytes with a high ionic conductivity. In a flexibility test experiment, bending the polymer electrolyte at 90deg for 20 times resulted in 14% decrease in ionic conductivity. Efforts to further improving the flexibility of the presented electro.
Complementarities in the search for innovation Managing markets and relationships

Extant research has characterized a firm's search for external knowledge in its innovation activities as either relational or transactional in nature. The former implies that a firm chooses and develops collaborative relationships with knowledge sources like universities, customers or suppliers, while the latter suggests transactions governed by markets for technology. We argue that prior literature has ignored that both search strategies are interrelated and complementary: adopting one strategy has a higher marginal return on innovation performance if the other one is present. Moreover, we suggest the benefits from complementarity to be higher when a firm is more distant to the technological frontier in the industry and when markets for technology in that industry are shallow. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 3921 German firms from 2001 to 2009 and find support for our hypotheses.
Managing Customer Relationships by Gender

Although relational bonds (i.e. structural bonds, social bonds, and financial bonds) positively contribute to customer loyalty, no study has yet examined the relative effectiveness of such relationship strategies on female and male customers. Moreover, businesses must make a tradeoff between improving one and the other bonds, warranting research into allocating resources effectively to improve them. Therefore, this study investigates whether and how marketers should strive to improve such bonds differently according to customer gender.  A cross sectional design was implemented. The data consist of questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of 425 directors of animal hospitals. The sample is representative with regard to gender composition. By using confirmatory factor analysis, study items exhibited adequate reliability and validity. Quadratic regressions were used for testing the study hypotheses.  For female customers, relational bonds have concave relations with their loyalty (i.e. initial increases in relational bonds boost loyalty effectively while subsequent increases of relational bonds only raise loyalty marginally) However, for male customers, relational bonds have convex relations with their loyalty (i.e. initial increases in relational bonds raise loyalty less effectively than subsequent increases in relational bonds)  Results of this study are among the first to suggest that when targeting female customers, marketers should allocate their resources to improving all relational bonds to moderate levels. Conversely, when targeting male customers, marketers should concentrate their resources on creating an extremely strong relational bond. Managing customer relational bonds by gender can effectively cultivate loyal customers of each gender. This study is one of the first studies examining how to manage customer relational bonds by gender.
L'informatique comme objet d'enseignement a l'ecole primaire francaise Mise en perspective historique

L'article propose une synthese a caractere historique sur la prise en compte institutionnelle de l'informatique comme objet d'enseignement a l'ecole primaire en France, revelant une serie de changements de cap des autorites pedagogiques. L'objet essentiel d'un enseignement de l'informatique serait actuellement l'acquisition d'une pensee informatique. L'article propose une revue des differentes orientations epistemologiques ayant donne lieu a des recherches et des realisations pour developper cette pensee le langage LOGO et son successeur SCRATCH, la robotique pedagogique, l'informatique dite debranchee. Les problemes lies a la formation des maitres sont egalement abordes.
Biodistribution of Novel 68 Ga Radiolabelled HER 2 Aptamers in Mice

Two novel HER2 aptamers were recently selected with great potential for the in vitro diagnosis of HER2 positive cancer. The goal of this study was to examine the in vivo diagnostic potential of these HER2 aptamers.  Both HER2 aptamers were radiolabelled with 68Ga, injected in mice bearing a HER2 positive and HER2 negative tumour and evaluated by PET/MRI.  Ex vivo bio distribution analysis revealed high uptake in the blood, tissues and organs, except the brain. Interestingly, this high uptake was explained by the slow blood clearance due to non specific aptamer binding to blood proteins. We observed accumulation of radioactivity in both tumours in time. Although higher uptake in the HER2 positive tumour compared to the HER2 negative tumour was observed, this was accompanied with more necrosis in the HER2 negative tumour, which was observed by 18FDG PET/CT.  This work presents a first step towards the development of 68Ga labelled aptamers for molecular cancer imaging.