nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Penile Girth Enhancement With Polymethylmethacrylate Based Soft Tissue Fillers.
Venue: The journal of sexual medicine

An unknown percentage of men will take every risk to develop a larger penis. Thus far, most injectables have caused serious problems. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres have been injected as a wrinkle filler and volumizer with increasing safety since 1989.  To report on a safe and permanently effective method to enhance penile girth and length with an approved dermal filler (ie, PMMA) METHODS Since 2007, the senior author has performed penile augmentation in 752 men mainly with Metacrill, a suspension of PMMA microspheres in carboxymethyl cellulose.  The data of 729 patients and 203 completed questionnaires were evaluated statistically.  The overall satisfaction rate was 8.7 on a scale of 1 to 10. After one to three injection sessions, average girth increased by 3.5 cm, or 134% (10.2 to 13.7 cm 134.31% Penile length also increased by weight and stretching force of the implant from an average of 9.8 to 10.5 cm. Approximately half the patients perceived some irregularities of the implant, which caused no problems. Complications occurred in 0.4% when PMMA nodules had to be surgically removed in three of the 24% of patients who had a non circumcised penis.  After 5 years of development, penile augmentation with PMMA microspheres appears to be a natural, safe, and permanently effective method. The only complication of nodule formation and other irregularities can be overcome by an improved injection technique and better postimplantation care.
Learning Dexterous Manipulation Policies from Experience and Imitation
Venue: ArXiv

We explore learning based approaches for feedback control of a dexterous five finger hand performing non prehensile manipulation. First, we learn local controllers that are able to perform the task starting at a predefined initial state. These controllers are constructed using trajectory optimization with respect to locally linear time varying models learned directly from sensor data. In some cases, we initialize the optimizer with human demonstrations collected via teleoperation in a virtual environment. We demonstrate that such controllers can perform the task robustly, both in simulation and on the physical platform, for a limited range of initial conditions around the trained starting state. We then consider two interpolation methods for generalizing to a wider range of initial conditions: deep learning, and nearest neighbors. We find that nearest neighbors achieve higher performance. Nevertheless, the neural network has its advantages: it uses only tactile and proprioceptive feedback but no visual feedback about the object (i.e. it performs the task blind) and learns a time invariant policy. In contrast, the nearest neighbors method switches between time varying local controllers based on the proximity of initial object states sensed via motion capture. While both generalization methods leave room for improvement, our work shows that (i) local trajectory based controllers for complex non prehensile manipulation tasks can be constructed from surprisingly small amounts of training data, and (ii) collections of such controllers can be interpolated to form more global controllers. Results are summarized in the supplementary video: this https URL
Weighted Target Set Selection on Social Networks

Viral marketing and influence maximization on social networks has become a problem of significant interest. We consider a problem in this setting referred to as the weighted target set selection (WTSS) problem. Earlier research focused on approximation algorithms for the unweighted case of the problem which is known to be NP hard. Motivated by the desire to develop a better understanding of fundamental problems in social network analytics, we seek to develop mathematical programming approaches to solve the WTSS problem exactly. Our paper makes three contributions. First, we propose a polynomial time algorithm for the WTSS problem on trees. More importantly, we present a tight and compact extended formulation for the WTSS problem on trees. Specifically, we provide an extended linear programming formulation whose projection onto the space of the natural node variables is the convex hull of feasible target set vectors. We also project the formulation onto the space of the natural node variables and describe the polytope of the WTSS problem on trees. We build upon the result for trees in two ways. First, we provide a description of the polytope of the WTSS problem on cycles based on lifting a set of valid inequalities that are natural analogues in cycles to inequalities in the tree polytope. Next, based on the observation that the influence propagation network is acyclic we add an exponential set of inequalities that enforce this condition and show how to apply the extended formulation for the tree case to general graphs. Using this approach we design and implement a branch and cut approach to solve the WTSS problem on general graphs and share our computational experience on networks with up to 10,000 nodes.
M icro fabric and mineralogical studies on the stabilization of expansive soil using cement industry wastes

This study aims to describe the micro fabric and mineralogical alterations of an expansive clay soil in Coimbatore (Tamilnadu, India) caused by the addition of cement industry wastes namely bottom ash and Ecosand (commercial name) In order to explicate the alterations, geotechnical properties and mineralogical composition of the untreated soil is determined. Soil samples are then mixed with different percentages of bottom ash, ecosand and their combination to decide the optimum dosage of these additives. X ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopic images (SEM) of the untreated and treated soil samples are obtained and studied. XRD pattern shows the formation of stable compounds. SEM micrographs reveal the formation of the organized and flocculated structure due to the addition of cement industry waste.Reduction in average interplanar spacing of the treated soil shows the stabilizing effect of the cement industry wastes resulting in the reduction of swell pressure and swell potential values. Addition of these stabilizers induces desired geotechnical properties to the soil. This experiment was undertaken for a curing period of 28 days.
Blue Enriched Morning Light as a Countermeasure to Light at the Wrong Time: Effects on Cognition, Sleepiness, Sleep, and Circadian Phase
Venue: Neuropsychobiology

Light during the day and darkness at night are crucial factors for proper entrainment of the human circadian system to the solar 24 h day. However, modern life and work styles have led to much more time spent indoors, often with lower daytime and higher evening/nighttime light intensity from electrical lighting than outdoors. Whether this has long term consequences for human health is being currently investigated. We tested if bright blue enriched morning light over several days could counteract the detrimental effects of inadequate daytime and evening lighting. In a seminaturalistic, within between subject study design, 18 young participants were exposed to different lighting conditions on 3 evenings (blue enriched, bright orange, or dim light) after exposure to 2 lighting conditions (mixed blue enriched light and control light, for 3 days each) in the mornings. Subjective sleepiness, reaction times, salivary melatonin concentrations, and nighttime sleep were assessed. Exposure to the blue enriched morning lighting showed acute wake promoting effects and faster reaction times than with control lighting. Some of these effects persisted until the evening, and performance improved over several days. The magnitude of circadian phase shifts induced by combinations of 3 different evening and 2 morning lighting conditions were significantly smaller with the blue enriched morning light. During the night, participants had longer total sleep times after orange light exposure than after blue light exposure in the evening. Our results indicate that bright blue enriched morning light stabilizes circadian phase, and it could be an effective counterstrategy for poor lighting during the day and also light exposure at the wrong time, such as in the late evening.
Structural realism, emergence, and predictions in next generation ecological modelling: Synthesis from a special issue

The two main challenges of ecological modelling are to yield more general understanding and theory and to provide testable and robust predictions. To achieve this, emergence, structural realism, and prediction have to become key elements of designing models. In the special issue "Next generation ecological modelling" which is dedicated to Donald DeAngelis on the occasion of his 70th birthday, 16 contributions present and discuss main features of next generation ecological modelling. One key feature is to base the description of individuals' behaviour and interactions on first principles rooted in energetic or evolutionary theory. To cope with increasing model complexity, standardization, separate testing of alternative submodels against multiple output patterns, and documenting these tests will be required. Including micro evolution is essential to capture organisms' response to changing conditions. Functional types may be used instead of species for representing communities. Model analysis will be challenging, but robustness analysis, which tries to break models' explanations, can help to tell signals from noise and identify general mechanisms underlying the internal organization of ecological systems. Ultimately, next generation modelling should aim at developing general theory to better understand stability properties and mechanisms. This understanding then can provide the basis for restoring, maintaining, or strengthening the resilience of ecosystems and supporting sustainable management of natural resources.
What drives the value of football clubs: An approach based on private and socio emotional benefits

The present paper shows how, in the soccer clubs sector, where the average financial results are negative, the value of football clubs is not related to income, but to sales turnover and gives a theoretical explanation for that. The literature has shown that the profitability of the industry is generally negative already at the level of operating profit. However, the difference between market value and book value is broadly positive, showing that the market recognizes to these companies a quid pluris in terms of value, not explained by the most rational and generally accepted methods of business valuation. The present study aims to explain, through an empirical analysis, why the value of a football company can not be estimated only on the basis of expected financial results, but it requires considering the overall benefits for shareholders, represented also by private benefits of control and socio emotional benefits.
Assisted Identification of Mode of Operation in Binary Code with Dynamic Data Flow Slicing
Venue: ACNS

Verification of software security properties, when conducted at the binary code level, is a difficult and cumbersome task. This paper is focused on the reverse engineering task that needs to be performed prior to any thorough analysis. A previous line of work has been dedicated to the identification of cryptographic primitives. Relying on the techniques that have been proposed, we devise a semi automated solution to identify modes of operation. Our solution produces a concise representation of the data transfers occurring within a cryptographic scheme. Inspired by program slicing techniques, we extract from a dynamic data flow a slice defined as the smallest subgraph that is distance preserving for the set of cryptographic parameters. We apply our solution to several modes of operation including CBC, CTR, HMAC and OCB. For each of them, we successfully obtain a complete and readable representation. Moreover, we show with an example that our solution can be applied on non standard schemes to quickly discover security flaw.
The Rise of the Network Society The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture

Castell's book is the first part of his milstone "The Information Age: Economy Society, and Culture" work. The author states that, the triology was prepared to be a single book, but then with the contributions of the editor, it was divided into three books by making each part of the study a separate book. In this particular book, Castells presents an easily understandable and comprehensive analysis by examining the economic, social, and cultural changes that caused by the Network Society. He does this by being as realistic as possible and reaching a clear conclusion by supporting all of his claims with various statistics and examples.
Informational governance A systematic literature review of governance for sustainability in the Information Age

The rapid developments in all kinds of new information technologies, information networks and social media are increasingly affecting societies around the world. The so termed Information Age not only influences social relationships, economy and science, but also governance. Against this background and in the specific field of sustainability, informational governance is an emerging concept. It addresses two interrelated processes: (1) new forms of governing through information, and (2) transformative changes in governance institutions due to the new information flows. The aim of this article is to gain more insights into ways in which the Information Age impacts sustainability, and to suggest a research agenda with relevance to the field of informational governance. A systematic literature review resulted in a selection of 39 articles, of which 23 and 16 articles were identified in two parallel searches. The increased human interconnectedness through e governance, self organization, private governing and empowerments are identified as core informational governance trends dealing with sustainability in the Information Age, and essential to future research.
A user centered model for designing consumer mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps)
Venue: J. Biomed. Informatics

Mobile technologies are a useful platform for the delivery of health behavior interventions. Yet little work has been done to create a rigorous and standardized process for the design of mobile health (mHealth) apps. This project sought to explore the use of the Information Systems Research (ISR) framework as guide for the design of mHealth apps.  Our work was guided by the ISR framework which is comprised of 3 cycles: Relevance, Rigor and Design. In the Relevance cycle, we conducted 5 focus groups with 33 targeted end users. In the Rigor cycle, we performed a review to identify technology based interventions for meeting the health prevention needs of our target population. In the Design Cycle, we employed usability evaluation methods to iteratively develop and refine mock ups for a mHealth app.  Through an iterative process, we identified barriers and facilitators to the use of mHealth technology for HIV prevention for high risk MSM, developed 'use cases' and identified relevant functional content and features for inclusion in a design document to guide future app development. Findings from our work support the use of the ISR framework as a guide for designing future mHealth apps.  Results from this work provide detailed descriptions of the user centered design and system development and have heuristic value for those venturing into the area of technology based intervention work. Findings from this study support the use of the ISR framework as a guide for future mHealth app development.  Use of the ISR framework is a potentially useful approach for the design of a mobile app that incorporates end users' design preferences.
Coupling between a multi physics workflow engine and an optimization framework
Venue: Comput. Phys. Commun.

A generic coupling method between a multi physics workflow engine and an optimization framework is presented in this paper. The coupling architecture has been developed in order to preserve the integrity of the two frameworks. The objective is to provide the possibility to replace a framework, a workflow or an optimizer by another one without changing the whole coupling procedure or modifying the main content in each framework. The coupling is achieved by using a socket based communication library for exchanging data between the two frameworks. Among a number of algorithms provided by optimization frameworks, Genetic Algorithms (GAs) have demonstrated their efficiency on single and multiple criteria optimization. Additionally to their robustness, GAs can handle non valid data which may appear during the optimization. Consequently GAs work on most general cases. A parallelized framework has been developed to reduce the time spent for optimizations and evaluation of large samples. A test has shown a good scaling efficiency of this parallelized framework. This coupling method has been applied to the case of SYCOMORE (System COde for MOdeling tokamak REactor) which is a system code developed in form of a modular workflow for designing magnetic fusion reactors. The coupling of SYCOMORE with the optimization platform URANIE enables design optimization along various figures of merit and constraints.
DSM IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China.
Venue: The British journal of psychiatry the journal of mental science

There are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.  To describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.  People who died by suicide (n 151) people who attempted suicide (n 118) and living community controls (n 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM IV TR Axis I Disorders (SCID I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID II) We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM IV personality disorders.  Axis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7 8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.  Axis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.
Quantification of the influence of the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Krtiny on the local economy of the region

The aim of this paper is to present the results of research aimed at identifying the benefits of the forest enterprise for the local economy through calculation of the local multiplier score. The paper addresses the quantification of local expenditures required for the calculation of the local multiplier score. The analysed economic indicators were the local expenditures of Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Krtiny (TFE MF Krtiny) for suppliers and employees in the individual forest districts for 2014. A part of the results is the calculation of a score for local multipliers 2 and 3 for the forest districts of TFE MF Krtiny for 2014. The local multiplier is a specific microeconomic indicator allowing the quantification and evaluation of socioeconomic benefits of the chosen entity especially for local residents and entrepreneurs. The results will allow assessing the effect of special purpose forest enterprises and forestry on the economic and social development, and determining potential cash flows associated with the fulfilment of the socioeconomic functions of forest ecosystems in the area of interest of TFE MF Krtiny.
The Fusion of Fascia Oriented Exercise and Pilates in Rollpilates Course at Masaryk University

The aim of this paper is to analyse Pilates and fasia oriented exercise in terms of their possible interconnection. We intend to introduce the fusion of Pilates and fascia oriented exercise in the form of a new sports course Rollpilates lectured at the Faculty of Sports studies, Masaryk University, Brno. The course was formed in the project approved as part of the Masaryk University Development Fund and involves a nouveau approach towards the interconnection of two types of exercise. The methods include an analysis of scientific publications and educational materials dealing with Pilates and fascia oriented exercise. In order to comprehend the theory and principles of fascia oriented exercise and its interconnection with Pilates and to study new trends in Pilates, the work incorporates a bibliographic search, a research probe, the participation in several educational courses and the interviewing of experienced lectures of fascia oriented and Pilates exercise, with the support of our own practical experience. Based on the analysis, a Rollpilates course was established and its programme, content and principles were defined. In order to enhance and propagate the course, educational online material was designed and displayed in the Information system of Masaryk University.
The New Europe and the New World: Eliot, Masaryk, and the Geopolitics of National Culture

This paper asserts that while geo politics is too often treated as an extrinsic force in cultural studies, it is in fact a culturally constitutive force and geo political cultural actors should be treated as a dominant force in (national cultural formation. This is of especial importance in the relationship between Europe and the United States. The paper makes this point by comparing the cultural political objectives of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound to the objectives of Thomas Masaryk. While the former are much celebrated as cultural figures, they were only marginally and indirectly effective on the course of the shaping of European geo politics. Although they frequently addressed such topics and plainly wished that their voices could be heard, they are mainly commentators. By contrast, Masaryk was the philosophy professor who founded the Czech nation in 1918 from his base at the School of Slavonic Studies at King's College London. The paper makes specific reference to Masaryk's methods of gaining influenc.