nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical exercise for functional capacity, blood immune function, fatigue, and quality of life in high risk prostate cancer patients during radiotherapy: a prospective, randomized clinical study.
Venue: European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine

During radiotherapy (RT) prostate cancer (PCa) patients may report cancer related fatigue (CRF) which impairs functional capacity, psychological status, and quality of life (QoL) RT can induce cytokine responses that could play a role in mediating radiation toxicity by increasing inflammation. While it is known that physical exercise plays an important anti inflammatory role in healthy adults, its specific anti inflammatory effects in PCa patients with CRF have not yet been determined.  Previous studies have shown that physical exercise in cancer patients undergoing RT improves cardiac fitness, muscle strength, and QoL, however it is still unknown how physical exercise affects inflammation and its specific consequences in PCa patients. Therefore, the purpose of this trial was to examine the effect of supervised physical exercise on inflammatory blood markers, as well as the relationship of these parameters with functional capacity, fatigue, and QoL in high risk PCa patients undergoing RT.  This was a prospective, two arm randomized controlled clinical trial.  The study was performed in our outpatients center.  Fifty four high risk PCa men were randomly allocated to two groups prior to undergoing RT.  Twenty seven patients performed supervised, moderate intensity physical exercise (exercise group; EG) and the other 27 formed a control group that carried out normal daily physical activity (usual group; UG) The following parameters were assessed before and after RT: functional capacity, changes in blood count variables and production of pro inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL] 1b, IL 6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF] a) fatigue, and QoL (using FACT F score and EORTC questionnaires) RESULTS No significant differences existed between the study groups at baseline assessment. After RT, there was a significant improvement in functional capacity (P<0.05) and a decrease in pro inflammatory cytokine levels (P>0.05) and fatigue (P<0.05) in the EG compared to the UG. Fatigue level was significantly higher in the UG (F[2.126] P<0.05) after RT than before. Physical exercise had no effect on the correlation between inflammatory blood markers and functional capacity and fatigue scores provided by study participants.  Regular, moderate intensity physical exercise improves functional capacity, decreases the production of inflammatory markers and fatigue, and has a positive influence on QoL in high risk PCa patients during RT.  This is one of the first studies to examine the effects of supervised exercise training on pro inflammatory cytokine levels during RT in PCa patients by measuring functional capacity, fatigue, and QoL.
Motion Aware Graph Regularized RPCA for background modeling of complex scenes
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

Computing a background model from a given sequence of video frames is a prerequisite for many computer vision applications. Recently, this problem has been posed as learning a low dimensional subspace from high dimensional data. Many contemporary subspace segmentation methods have been proposed to overcome the limitations of the methods developed for simple background scenes. Unfortunately, because of the absence of motion information and without preserving intrinsic geometric structure of video data, most existing algorithms do not provide promising nature of the low rank component for complex scenes. Such as largely occluded background by foreground objects, superfluity in video frames in order to cope with intermittent motion of foreground objects, sudden lighting condition variation, and camera jitter sequences. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a motion aware regularization of graphs on low rank component for video background modeling. We compute optical flow and use this information to make a motion aware matrix. In order to learn the locality and similarity information within a video we compute inter frame and intra frame graphs which we use to preserve geometric information in the low rank component. Finally, we use linearized alternating direction method with parallel splitting and adaptive penalty to incorporate the preceding steps to recover the model of the background. Experimental evaluations on challenging sequences demonstrate promising results over state of the art methods.
Novel c Met inhibitory olive secoiridoid semisynthetic analogs for the control of invasive breast cancer.
Venue: European journal of medicinal chemistry

Dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinase c Met and its ligand HGF is valid and attractive molecular target for therapeutic blockade in cancer. Inspired by the chemical structure of the naturally occurring olive secoiridoid oleocanthal (1) and its documented anticancer activity against c Met dependent malignancies, a previous study reported tyrosol sinapate (4) as a c Met inhibitor hit. This study reports additional semisynthetic optimization and SAR of 4 to improve its selective activity against c Met dependent breast cancer by increasing its capacity to inhibit c Met phosphorylation. Forty three compounds (5 47) were synthesized, among which the novel analog homovanillyl sinapate (HVS 16) was distinguished for its remarkable activity. HVS 16 substantially impaired c Met mediated proliferation, migration, and invasion across human breast cancer cell lines in two and three dimensional culture systems, while similar treatment doses were found to have effect neither on the non tumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell growth nor on the c Met independent breast cancer cell viability. HVS 16 showed a dose dependent inhibition of ligand mediated c Met activation in human breast cancer cells. Docking studies revealed that HVS 16 fits very well inside c Met crystal structures, satisfying critical interactions at the ATP binding site. This study identified important structural pharmacophoric features in HVS 16 and correlated its postulated binding pose with c Met kinase assay data that would guide future olive secoiridoid bioisostere lead design. Results presented herein suggest HVS 16 as a promising c Met inhibitor validated hit with potential to control invasive breast malignancies with aberrant c Met activity.
Quantity and quality of secoiridoids and lignans in extra virgin olive oils: the effect of two and three way decanters on Leccino and Raggiola olive cultivars
Venue: International journal of food sciences and nutrition

In this investigation, 14 extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) produced with Leccino and Raggiola olive cultivars, by a new two way (2W) decanter were compared with 14 EVOOs produced by means of a conventional three way (3W) decanter. The 2W EVOOs had higher phenol concentrations, as shown by high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC DAD) analysis and yielded a higher extraction of the 3,4 DHPEA EDA (oleacein) 3,4 DHPEA EA (oleuropein aglycone) and p HPEA EDA (oleocanthal) The concentrations of lignans, pinoresinol and 1 acetoxypinoresinol, detected by HPLC FLD equipment, were higher in the 2W EVOOs than they were in EVOOs produced using the 3W system. Total phenols, detected by the Folin Ciocalteu assay, were lower than those obtained by HPLC, but they significantly correlated (p 0.05) The antioxidant capacity (ORAC) values of 2W EVOOs were higher than those of 3W EVOOs. In conclusion, the 2W system provided high quality phenol EVOOs and became an indispensable tool when adverse climatic conditions reduced the olive secoiridoid concentration.
MHT: Multi hop technique for the improvement of leach protocol
Venue: 2016 15th RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is considered as one of the networks that are usually used in a harsh environment. In most cases, a WSN consists of a large number of sensor nodes, which are deployed in a particular environment for the gathering of information, and for sending it to a base station (BS) Usually, sensor nodes have limited energy resources since it is impossible to recharge and change their depleting battery. Thus, the improvement of energy dissipation and prolonging of the network's lifetime are the most important challenges faced by the WSN. In this paper, a multi hop technique (MHT LEACH) is proposed for improving the performance of LEACH. Instead of sending the cluster head (CH) data to the BS directly, the MHT LEACH is used for transmitting CH data to the BS based on its location and distance to the BS. Simulation results show that the MHT LEACH improves the lifetime, stability, and throughput of the network comparing with conventional LEACH.
Lung morphometry: the link between structure and function
Venue: Cell and Tissue Research

The study of the structural basis of gas exchange function in the lung depends on the availability of quantitative information that concerns the structures establishing contact between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the alveolar capillaries, which can be entered into physiological equations for predicting oxygen uptake. This information is provided by morphometric studies involving stereological methods and allows estimates of the pulmonary diffusing capacity of the human lung that agree, in experimental studies, with the maximal oxygen consumption. The basis for this "machine lung" structure lies in the complex design of the cells building an extensive air blood barrier with minimal cell mass.
Ebola Virus Preparedness: Emerging Viruses and Ethics in Laboratory Medicine.
Venue: Archives of pathology laboratory medicine

Emerging pathogens have affected, and will continue to affect, the health care system in diverse ways. Clinical laboratories face ethical challenges in responding to emerging pathogens. We use the 2014 2015 outbreak of Ebola virus disease as a model to explore some of the ethical issues in laboratory medicine related to emerging infectious disease.  To describe the major ethical concerns raised in the clinical laboratory environment by emerging infections.  We assessed current guidelines and practices in the Ebola outbreak in developed world clinical laboratories, reviewed risk assessment practices and the role of the clinical laboratory in providing care for patients with potential or confirmed Ebola, and reviewed the relevant literature on duty to provide care in the laboratory context.  Clinical laboratories in developed countries have to rely more on expert guidelines and theoretical risk assessments than on practice in less developed areas. Risk minimization for clinical laboratory workers is essential but may conflict with the laboratory's duty to provide standard of care. Patients can be put at risk not only from loss of laboratory services from restriction of testing but also from impairment of laboratory services in cases of spills or accidents. Significant discrepancies in guidelines from professional and governmental sources exacerbate the difficulty and confusion inherent in dealing with a dynamic, emerging infectious disease crisis. The duty to provide care for laboratory workers is ill defined. Balancing risks to patients and laboratory workers and benefits to patients presents challenges to laboratory professionals at all levels.
Supply Chain Network Design under Demand Uncertainty and Supply Disruptions: A Distributionally Robust Optimization Approach
Venue: Sci. Program.

We develop a robust optimization model for designing a three echelon supply chain network that consists of manufacturers, distribution centers, and retailers under both demand uncertainty and supply disruptions. The market demands are assumed to be random variables with known distribution and the supply disruptions caused by some of the facilities faults or connection links interruptions are formulated by several scenarios with unknown occurrence probabilities. In particular, we assume the probabilities that the disruption scenarios happen belong to the two predefined uncertainty sets, named box and ellipsoid uncertainty sets, respectively. Through mathematical deductions, the proposed robust SCN design models can be transformed into the tractable linear program for box uncertainty and into second order cone program for ellipsoid uncertainty. We further offer propositions with proof to show the equivalence of the transformed problems with the original ones. The applications of the proposed models together with solution approaches are investigated in a real case to design a tea supply chain network and validate their effectiveness. Numerical results obtained from model implementation and sensitivity analysis arrive at important practical insights.
Explosive transitions in complex networks' structure and dynamics: Percolation and synchronization

Percolation and synchronization are two phase transitions that have been extensively studied since already long ago. A classic result is that, in the vast majority of cases, these transitions are of the second order type, i.e. continuous and reversible. Recently, however, explosive phenomena have been reported in complex networks' structure and dynamics, which rather remind first order (discontinuous and irreversible) transitions. Explosive percolation, which was discovered in 2009, corresponds to an abrupt change in the network's structure, and explosive synchronization (which is concerned, instead, with the abrupt emergence of a collective state in the networks' dynamics) was studied as early as the first models of globally coupled phase oscillators were taken into consideration. The two phenomena have stimulated investigations and debates, attracting attention in many relevant fields. So far, various substantial contributions and progresses (including experimental verifications) have been made, which have provided insights on what structural and dynamical properties are needed for inducing such abrupt transformations, as well as have greatly enhanced our understanding of phase transitions in networked systems. Our intention is to offer here a monographic review on the main stream literature, with the twofold aim of summarizing the existing results and pointing out possible directions for future research.
Control of complex networks requires both structure and dynamics
Venue: Scientific reports

The study of network structure has uncovered signatures of the organization of complex systems. However, there is also a need to understand how to control them; for example, identifying strategies to revert a diseased cell to a healthy state, or a mature cell to a pluripotent state. Two recent methodologies suggest that the controllability of complex systems can be predicted solely from the graph of interactions between variables, without considering their dynamics: structural controllability and minimum dominating sets. We demonstrate that such structure only methods fail to characterize controllability when dynamics are introduced. We study Boolean network ensembles of network motifs as well as three models of biochemical regulation: the segment polarity network in Drosophila melanogaster, the cell cycle of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the floral organ arrangement in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that structure only methods both undershoot and overshoot the number and which sets of critical variables best control the dynamics of these models, highlighting the importance of the actual system dynamics in determining control. Our analysis further shows that the logic of automata transition functions, namely how canalizing they are, plays an important role in the extent to which structure predicts dynamics.
Time, Due Process, and Representation: An Empirical and Legal Analysis of Continuances in Immigration Court

Since 2014, U.S. immigration courts have expedited the cases of many children and families fleeing persecution in Mexico and Central America. This Article conducts an empirical and legal analysis of this policy, revealing that reasonable time between immigration court hearings is necessary to protect the statutory and constitutional rights to legal representation. A large majority of immigrants facing deportation including those part of the recent surge of children and families from Central America and Mexico appear at their first deportation hearing without a lawyer, often because they cannot afford one. When an immigrant appears without a lawyer and does not expressly waive his or her right to counsel, the immigration judge (IJ) must grant a continuance that allows a reasonable period of time for an immigrant to search for and retain counsel. Yet existing law does not specify what period of time is reasonable, and the courts of appeals disagree over how closely to scrutinize an IJ's decision to deny a continuance. In this Article, we use schedule data from the Executive Office for Immigration Review to show that the length of a continuance has a large effect on immigrants' likelihood of finding counsel, of appearing at subsequent hearings, and of eventually avoiding removal. Our analysis demonstrates that shorter continuances for unrepresented children and families prevented many from finding counsel and avoiding deportation. In light of these findings, we examine the due process and statutory consequences of an IJ's decision to deny a continuance or to grant an overly short continuance. We conclude by recommending that initial continuances of fewer than ninety days should be presumptively invalid.
Multiple Extended Target Tracking With Labeled Random Finite Sets
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing

Targets that generate multiple measurements at a given instant in time are commonly known as extended targets. These present a challenge for many tracking algorithms, as they violate one of the key assumptions of the standard measurement model. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for tracking multiple extended targets in clutter, which is capable of estimating the number of targets, as well the trajectories of their states, comprising the kinematics, measurement rates, and extents. The proposed technique is based on modeling the multi target state as a generalized labeled multi Bernoulli (GLMB) random finite set (RFS) within which the extended targets are modeled using gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart (GGIW) distributions. A cheaper variant of the algorithm is also proposed, based on the labelled multi Bernoulli (LMB) filter. The proposed GLMB/LMB based algorithms are compared with an extended target version of the cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter, and simulation results show that the (G)LMB has improved estimation and tracking performance.
Antibody drug conjugates
Venue: Biotechnology Letters

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a viable option in targeted delivery of highly potent cytotoxic drugs in treatment of solid tumors. At the time of writing, only two ADCs have received regulatory approval with >40 others in clinical development. The first generation ADCs suffered from a lack of specificity in amino acid site conjugations, yielding statistically heterogeneous stoichiometric ratios of drug molecules per antibody molecule. For the second generation ADCs, however, site specific amino acid conjugation using enzymatic ligation, introduction of unnatural amino acids, and site specific protein engineering hold promise to alleviate some of the current technical limitations. The rapid progress in technology platforms and antibody engineering has introduced novel linkers, site specific conjugation chemistry, and new payload candidates that could possibly be exploited in the context of ADCs. A search using the Clinical Trial Database registry (www.clinicaltrials.gov) using the keyword 'antibody drug conjugate' yielded ~270 hits. The main focus of this article is to present a brief overview of the recent developments and current challenges related to ADC development.
Game Theoretic Infrastructure Sharing in Multioperator Cellular Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

The introduction of fourth generation wireless technologies has fueled the rapid development of cellular networks, significantly increasing the energy consumption and the expenditures of mobile network operators (MNOs) In addition, network underutilization during low traffic periods (e.g. night zone) has motivated a new business model, namely, infrastructure sharing, which allows the MNOs to have their traffic served by other MNOs in the same geographic area, thus enabling them to switch off part of their network. In this paper, we propose a novel infrastructure sharing algorithm for multioperator environments, which enables the deactivation of underutilized base stations during low traffic periods. Motivated by the conflicting interests of the MNOs and the necessity for effective solutions, we introduce a game theoretic framework that enables the MNOs to individually estimate the switching off probabilities that reduce their expected financial cost. Our approach reaches dominant strategy equilibrium, which is the strategy that minimizes the cost of each player. Finally, we provide extensive analytical and experimental results to estimate the potential energy and cost savings that can be achieved in multioperator environments, incentivizing the MNOs to apply the proposed scheme.
Evolutionary game theoretic demand side management and control for a class of networked smart grid
Venue: Autom.

In this paper, a new demand side management problem of networked smart grid is formulated and solved based on evolutionary game theory. The objective is to minimize the overall cost of the smart grid, where individual communities can switch between grid power and local power according to strategies of their neighbors. The distinctive feature of the proposed formulation is that, a small portion of the communities are cooperative, while others pursue their own benefits. This formulation can be categorized as control networked evolutionary game, which can be solved systematically by using semi tensor product. A new binary optimal control algorithm is applied to optimize transient performances of the networked evolutionary game.
Mesh adaptation on the sphere using optimal transport and the numerical solution of a Monge Ampere type equation
Venue: J. Comput. Phys.

An equation of Monge Ampere type has, for the first time, been solved numerically on the surface of the sphere in order to generate optimally transported (OT) meshes, equidistributed with respect to a monitor function. Optimal transport generates meshes that keep the same connectivity as the original mesh, making them suitable for r adaptive simulations, in which the equations of motion can be solved in a moving frame of reference in order to avoid mapping the solution between old and new meshes and to avoid load balancing problems on parallel computers. The semi implicit solution of the Monge Ampere type equation involves a new linearisation of the Hessian term, and exponential maps are used to map from old to new meshes on the sphere. The determinant of the Hessian is evaluated as the change in volume between old and new mesh cells, rather than using numerical approximations to the gradients. OT meshes are generated to compare with centroidal Voronoi tessellations on the sphere and are found to have advantages and disadvantages; OT equidistribution is more accurate, the number of iterations to convergence is independent of the mesh size, face skewness is reduced and the connectivity does not change. However anisotropy is higher and the OT meshes are non orthogonal. It is shown that optimal transport on the sphere leads to meshes that do not tangle. However, tangling can be introduced by numerical errors in calculating the gradient of the mesh potential. Methods for alleviating this problem are explored. Finally, OT meshes are generated using observed precipitation as a monitor function, in order to demonstrate the potential power of the technique.