nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
RankMBPR: Rank Aware Mutual Bayesian Personalized Ranking for Item Recommendation
Venue: WAIM

Previous works indicated that pairwise methods are state of the art approaches to fit users' taste from implicit feedback. In this paper, we argue that constructing item pairwise samples for a fixed user is insufficient, because taste differences between two users with respect to a same item can not be explicitly distinguished. Moreover, the rank position of positive items are not used as a metric to measure the learning magnitude in the next step. Therefore, we firstly define a confidence function to dynamically control the learning step size for updating model parameters. Sequently, we introduce a generic way to construct mutual pairwise loss from both users' and items' perspective. Instead of user oriented pairwise sampling strategy alone, we incorporate item pairwise samples into a popular pairwise learning framework, bayesian personalized ranking (BPR) and propose mutual bayesian personalized ranking (MBPR) method. In addition, a rank aware adaptively sampling strategy is proposed to come up with the final approach, called RankMBPR. Empirical studies are carried out on four real world datasets, and experimental results in several metrics demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed method, comparing with other baseline algorithms.
And the Men Returned: Canadian Veterans and the Aftermath of the Great War

The Great War was a formative event for men who came of age between 1914 and 1918. They believed the experience forged them into a distinct generation. This collective identification more than shaped a sense of self; it influenced understanding of the conflict's meaning. Canadian historians, however, have overlooked the war's generational impact, partly because they reject notions of a disillusioned Lost Generation. Unlike European or American youths, it is argued that Canadian veterans did not suffer postwar disillusionment. Rather, they embraced the war alongside a renewed Canadian nationalism. This generation was proud of their nation's wartime achievements, notably those of the Canadian Corps, but the conflict's meaning was rooted in more than battlefield history. Its validity was inseparable from the postwar life for which veterans believed they had fought for. Yet, despite hopes to return home to a 'square deal' economic and international instability marred life in interwar Canada, dashing the generation's confidence in the future. This discontent is obscured by histories heavily focused on memory and a corresponding reliance on cultural sources, such as war books, to explain the conflict's social history. While an important part of the war's legacy, retrospective focus on commemoration is a poor guide to the lived realities of the postwar present. In the war's aftermath many young veterans struggled to find work. Combined with the prospect of renewed war in Europe, their unemployment added to a growing list of postwar grievances, including failure to secure adequate assistance for wounded and traumatized veterans. These unresolved complaints about the pension system, the soldier settlement schemes, and the mishandling of postwar canteen funds (particularly in Ontario) more than undermined the war generation's belief in the war, it left them deeply disillusioned with its meaning.
Gradual changes in upwelled seawater conditions (redox, pH) from the late Cretaceous through early Paleogene at the northwest coast of Africa: Negative Ce anomaly trend recorded in fossil bio apatite

Marine vertebrate fossils from late Cretaceous early Paleogene shallow marine phosphorites of Morocco were investigated for their trace element compositions and neodymium isotopic ratios in order to constrain marine and depositional conditions. The various analyzed fossils are separated into two groups with different geochemical compositions: (1) shark tooth enameloid with generally lower Cu, Ba, rare earth elements (REEs) and U, and higher Na, Zn and Sr concentrations than (2) dentine, bone, and coprolites. These differences are related to the originally different structures of these fossils. All the fossils revealed very similar shale normalized REE patterns, with negative Ce anomaly and heavy REE enrichment mimicking the REE pattern of modern oxic seawater. The results therefore suggest REE uptake by the fossils from an early diagenetic pore fluid that was dominated by seawater. Importantly, the Ce anomaly does not vary among the different types of fossil remains and the values are very similar in a given layer. Moreover, a step wise shift towards lower Ce/Ce* values from older to younger beds is apparent. Nd isotope analyses across the phosphorite succession yielded minor variation with an average eNd(t) value of 6.2 0.4 (n 12) indicating no major changes in the REE source during the studied interval. The relatively radiogenic values reflect Tethyan connection and/or important contribution of a mafic Nd source from weathering in the region. The age related trend in the Ce anomaly is interpreted to be due to changes in redox and/or pH conditions of the upwelling seawater on the shallow shelf areas. The driving force of these changes was probably an extended global oceanic circulation, especially enhanced connection and water exchange between the North and South Atlantic.
High Precision Tracking Control of Machine Tool Feed Drives Based on ADRC

In this paper, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is applied to realize the high precision tracking control of CNC machine tool feed drives. First, according to the number of the feedback channel, the feed systems are divided into two types: signal feedback system, e.g. linear motor and rotary table, and double feedback system, e.g. ball screw feed drive with a load/table position feedback. Then, the appropriate controller is designed to ensure the closed loop control performance of each type of system based on the idea of ADRC. In these control frameworks, the extended state observers (ESO) estimate and compensate for unmodeled dynamics, parameter perturbations, variable cutting load, and other uncertainties. For the signal feedback system, the modified ADRC with an acceleration feedforward term is used directly to regulate the load/table position response. However, for the double feedback system, the ADRC is applied only to the motor position control, and a simple PI controller is used to achieve the accurate position control of the load. In addition, based on ADRC feedback linearization, a novel equivalent error model based feedforward controller is designed to further improve the command following performance of the double feedback system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controllers of both systems have better tracking performance and robustness against the external disturbance compared with the conventional P PI controller.
The two faced T cell epitope Examining the host microbe interface with JanusMatrix

Web based interface with query and analysis tools. Integrates genomic sequences, immunological data, and applied computational epitope prediction and analysis. Predicts Class I and Class II epitopes using EpiMatrix, compares TCR facing residues of the predicted epitopes against databases defined by the user. Generates multiple outputs including summaries, predicted epitopes, cross reactivity across multiple databases, cross reactivity annotation, among others. Outputs are interactive and can be downloaded. Cytoscape based approach to visualize related epitope networks. XR epitopes described in tabular format, patterns visualized with " epitope networks " using Cytoscape. Epitope networks: nodes for epitopes and the proteins that contain them, lines between XR epitope pairs and between proteins and their constituent epitopes. Individual epitope from source (9 mer) TCR XR 9 mer (epitope) Protein in HM, HP, HG containing XR epitope Source peptide or protein (may have multiple epitopes
Strengthening sense of coherence: opportunities for theory building in health promotion.
Venue: Health promotion international

Sense of coherence (SOC) reflects a coping capacity of people to deal with everyday life stressors and consists of three elements: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. SOC is often considered to be a stable entity that is developed in young adulthood and stabilizes around the age of 30. Recent studies have questioned this stability of SOC and some studies report on interventions that have been successful in strengthening SOC in adult populations. Currently, however, there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying SOC. As a consequence, it is a challenge to determine what is needed in health promotion activities to strengthen SOC. This article aims to explore the mechanisms underlying SOC as these insights may underpin future health promotion efforts. An exploration of the salutogenic model suggests two important mechanisms: the behavioural and the perceptual. The behavioural mechanism highlights the possibility to empower people to use their resources in stressful situations. The perceptual mechanism suggests that, in order for people to deal with life stressors, it is essential that they are able to reflect on their understanding of the stressful situation and the resources that are available. Based on these mechanisms, we suggest that both empowerment and reflection processes, which are interdependent, may be relevant for health promotion activities that aim to strengthen SOC. The successful application of resources to deal with stressors is not only likely to have a positive influence on health, but also creates consistent and meaningful life experiences that can positively reinforce SOC levels.
Enriching Nutrient Density in Staple Crops Using Modern " Omics" Tools

A sizeable proportion of the global population faces nutritional disorders. Notably, the poorest regions in the developing world share considerably large segment of malnourished people. Given the rising prevalence of nutritional disorders, sustainable solutions urgently need to be in place in order to tackle the menace of hidden hunger. An array of improvement strategies is suggested to meet the growing challenge. These strategies involve dietary diversification, food supplementation/fortification, and biofortification using nutritional breeding approaches, genetic engineering, and agronomic interventions. The mounting concerns about environmental safety and poor economic status of the target population further put a limit on the large scale use of micronutrient rich fertilizers. Hence, crop biofortification via conventional and molecular breeding stands to be the most economic, readily accessible, and globally accepted strategy. For some obvious reasons, staple crops that serve the daily dietary needs of the maximum population in the developing world are targeted for nutritional enhancement. As a prerequisite, survey of the germplasm pools is needed to quantify the exploitable genetic variation that exists in the crop gene pool. Further, modern omics approaches like genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics will definitely advance our knowledge about the genetic makeup, molecular networks, and physiological alternations involved in the process of mineral accumulation and subsequent partitioning of minerals to edible plant parts. Similarly, engineering metabolic pathways through genetic modification holds great relevance for expediting the development of nutrient dense food crops. We expect that the "omics" assisted nutritional breeding, as the most potential biofortification strategy, will be greatly helpful in achieving the nutritional security of over two billion nutrient deficient people worldwide.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN DAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA SMA MELALUI STRATEGI PREVIEW QUESTION READ REFLECT RECITE REVIEW

The study based on a lack of mathematical comprehension and representation. To overcome this, do research using preview question read reflect recite review PQ4R) strategy learning. This study looks at the enhancement of mathematical comprehension and representation ability among students who study mathematics with PQ4R strategy learning and conventional learning in terms of overall and category knowledge of prior mathematics students (high, medium, low) This study was quasi experimental. The study design used was Nonequivalent Control Group Design using purposive sampling technique. The population in this study were senior high school students in Indramayu Academic Year 2012/2013. Research samples were senior students of class X. Instruments used in the study in the form of tests prior knowledge of mathematics, mathematical comprehension ability test, mathematical representation ability test, observations and questionnaires. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis performed using independent sample t test, and Two Way Anova test. The results showed that, (1) enhancement the mathematical comprehension dan representation ability PQ4R strategy learning students get better than students who received conventional learning in terms of overall and category knowledge of prior mathematics students; (2) there is significant interaction between learning and mathematical prior knowledge toward student's mathematical comprehension and mathematical representation ability.
Spatial and temporal associations of road traffic noise and air pollution in London: Implications for epidemiological studies.
Venue: Environment international

Road traffic gives rise to noise and air pollution exposures, both of which are associated with adverse health effects especially for cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms may differ. Understanding the variability in correlations between these pollutants is essential to understand better their separate and joint effects on human health. We explored associations between modelled noise and air pollutants using different spatial units and area characteristics in London in 2003 2010. We modelled annual average exposures to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h, Lden, LAeq,16h, Lnight) for ~190,000 postcode centroids in London using the UK Calculation of Road Traffic Noise (CRTN) method. We used a dispersion model (KCLurban) to model nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, total and the traffic only component of particulate matter =2.5mm and =10mm. We analysed noise and air pollution correlations at the postcode level ~50 people) postcodes stratified by London Boroughs ~240,000 people) neighbourhoods (Lower layer Super Output Areas) ~1600 people) 1km grid squares, air pollution tertiles, 50m, 100m and 200m in distance from major roads and by deprivation tertiles. Across all London postcodes, we observed overall moderate correlations between modelled noise and air pollution that were stable over time (Spearman's rho range: |0.34 0.55| Correlations, however, varied considerably depending on the spatial unit: largest ranges were seen in neighbourhoods and 1km grid squares (both Spearman's rho range: |0.01 0.87| and was less for Boroughs (Spearman's rho range: |0.21 0.78| There was little difference in correlations between exposure tertiles, distance from road or deprivation tertiles. Associations between noise and air pollution at the relevant geographical unit of analysis need to be carefully considered in any epidemiological analysis, in particular in complex urban areas. Low correlations near roads, however, suggest that independent effects of road noise and traffic related air pollution can be reliably determined within London.
Self Assisted Upper Limb Rehabilitation Devices, A Comprehensive Review

For the purpose of Upper Limb rehabilitation, the use of mechanical and robot assisted rehabilitation therapies are not a new concept. Such systems allow patients to perform therapies with minimal or no assistance. The complexity of such systems vary from being as simple as a custom made bars to highly sophisticated robotic exoskeletons. The advancement of robotics and motor control mechanisms has fuelled interest in this domain and we see a lot of development in the field of robot assisted rehabilitation with in a comparatively short span of time. This paper presents a review and tabulates the results of a few selected rehabilitation devices. The devices include mechanical as well as intelligent robotics based rehabilitation devices.
Review of the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Atmospheric Data Assimilation

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for atmospheric data assimilation. Particular attention is devoted to recent advances and current challenges. The distinguishing properties of three well established variations of the EnKF algorithm are first discussed. Given the limited size of the ensemble and the unavoidable existence of errors whose origin is unknown (i.e. system error) various approaches to localizing the impact of observations and to accounting for these errors have been proposed. However, challenges remain; for example, with regard to localization of multiscale phenomena (both in time and space) For the EnKF in general, but higher resolution applications in particular, it is desirable to use a short assimilation window. This motivates a focus on approaches for maintaining balance during the EnKF update. Also discussed are limited area EnKF systems, in particular with regard to the assimilation of radar data and applications to tracking severe storms
Stability of consensus extended Kalman filter for distributed state estimation
Venue: Autom.

The paper addresses consensus based networked estimation of the state of a nonlinear dynamical system. The focus is on a family of distributed state estimation algorithms which relies on the extended Kalman filter linearization paradigm. Consensus is exploited in order to fuse the information, both prior and novel, available in each network node. It is shown that the considered family of distributed Extended Kalman Filters enjoys local stability properties, under minimal requirements of network connectivity and system collective observability. A simulation case study concerning target tracking with a network of nonlinear (angle and range) position sensors is worked out in order to show the effectiveness of the considered nonlinear consensus filter.
An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms
Venue: ArXiv

Gradient descent optimization algorithms, while increasingly popular, are often used as black box optimizers, as practical explanations of their strengths and weaknesses are hard to come by. This article aims to provide the reader with intuitions with regard to the behaviour of different algorithms that will allow her to put them to use. In the course of this overview, we look at different variants of gradient descent, summarize challenges, introduce the most common optimization algorithms, review architectures in a parallel and distributed setting, and investigate additional strategies for optimizing gradient descent.
A survey on application of data mining techniques to analyze the soil for agricultural purpose
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

India has 60.6% of its total area for agricultural purpose. Agricultural sector is the backbone for developing countries like India. The contribution of agricultural sector to GDP is 17% By improving the agricultural sector the GDP of the nation could also be improved. The digital era can render its support to the agricultural sector in wide variety of ways.  Mining supports decision making process and prediction. Agriculture needs the decision support system in variety of ways such as type of crop to be cultivated. And prediction techniques for rainfall prediction, weather prediction, market price prediction etc. There were many researches going on to support the agriculture using data mining. Analyzing soil provides major contribution to the support of the farmers. This paper explores various proposed algorithms for analyzing soil using data mining techniques.
Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Venue: PloS one

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to health systems and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) All stages of CKD are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and/or decreased quality of life. CKD is usually asymptomatic until later stages and accurate prevalence data are lacking. Thus we sought to determine the prevalence of CKD globally, by stage, geographical location, gender and age. A systematic review and meta analysis of observational studies estimating CKD prevalence in general populations was conducted through literature searches in 8 databases. We assessed pooled data using a random effects model. Of 5,842 potential articles, 100 studies of diverse quality were included, comprising 6,908,440 patients. Global mean(95%CI) CKD prevalence of 5 stages 13*4%(11*7 15*1% and stages 3 5 was 10*6%(9*2 12*2% Weighting by study quality did not affect prevalence estimates. CKD prevalence by stage was Stage 1 (eGFR>90+ACR>30) 3*5% (2*8 4*2% Stage 2 (eGFR 60 89+ACR>30) 3*9% (2*7 5*3% Stage 3 (eGFR 30 59) 7*6% (6*4 8*9% Stage 4 (eGFR 29 15) 0*4% (0*3 0*5% and Stage 5 (eGFR<15) 0*1% (0*1 0*1% CKD has a high global prevalence with a consistent estimated global CKD prevalence of between 11 to 13% with the majority stage 3. Future research should evaluate intervention strategies deliverable at scale to delay the progression of CKD and improve CVD outcomes.
Autonomous Gas Detection and Mapping With Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are nowadays largely employed in civil applications. One of the most promising applications is the environmental monitoring (or risk assessment) We propose a battery powered eNose board that can be embedded with any type of drone. We evaluated the effectiveness of the sensing method by means of field experiments using the prototype as payload of a hexacopter. The results show that the analysis of the target environmental parameters is not perturbed by the air flow generated by propellers. The system is suitable for any type of mobile carrier (UAVs or wheeled robots) thanks to its lightweight and compact form factor. To further extend the limited flight autonomy of the carrier, we developed an optimal monitoring algorithm for gas leakage localization, a simulating framework to evaluate its performance, and we provide a design space exploration for solar powered drones.
Public policy to promote entrepreneurship: a call to arms

AbstractWe debate the motivation for and effectiveness of public policies to encourage individuals to become entrepreneurs. Reviewing established evidence we find that most Western world policies do not greatly reduce or solve any market failures but instead waste taxpayers' money, encourage those already intent on becoming entrepreneurs, and mostly generate one employee businesses with low growth intentions and a lack of interest in innovating. Most policy initiatives that would have the effect of promoting valuable entrepreneurship would not be recognizable as such, because they would primarily address other market failures: A central payer health care would remove healthcare related distortions affecting employment choices; greater STEM education would produce more engineers of which some start valuable new firms; and labor market reform to encourage hiring immigrants in jobs they have been educated for would reduce inefficient allocation of talent to entrepreneurship.