nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering

Revised and significantly expanded, the fifth edition of this classic work offers both new and substantially updated information. As the definitive reference on fire protection engineering, this book provides thorough treatment of the current best practices in fire protection engineering and performance based fire safety. Over 130 eminent fire engineers andresearchers contributed chapters to the book, representing universities and professional organizations around the world. It remains the indispensible source for reliable coverage of fire safety engineering fundamentals, fire dynamics, hazard calculations, fire risk analysis, modeling and more. With seventeen new chapters and over 1,800 figures, the this new editioncontains: Step by step equations that explain engineering calculations Comprehensive revision of the coverage of human behavior in fire, including several new chapters on egress system design, occupant evacuation scenarios, combustion toxicity and data for human behavior analysis Revised fundamental chapters for a stronger sense of context Added chapters on fire protection system selection and design, including selection of fire safety systems, system activation and controls and CO2 extinguishing systems Recent advances in fire resistance design Addition of new chapters on industrial fire protection, including vapor clouds, effects of thermal radiation on people, BLEVEs, dust explosions and gas and vapor explosions New chapters on fire load density, curtain walls, wildland fires and vehicle tunnels Essential reference appendices on conversion factors, thermophysical property data, fuel properties and combustion data, configuration factors and piping properties.
Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Versus the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) A Study of a Nonclinical Sample
Venue: Cornea

To compare the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires, and to further validate the SPEED questionnaire using the OSDI in a nonclinical sample.  This was a cross sectional study involving 657 undergraduate students aged 18 34 years. Subject selection was by systematic random methods.  The Cronbach alphas of the SPEED and OSDI questionnaires were 0.895 and 0.897, respectively. Classification of participants based on OSDI grading of severity indicated that the total mean SPEED score were 2.2, 5.0, 6.6 and 9.9 for the asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe dry eye groups respectively (F(3,653) 141.3 P 0.001,&eegr;2=0.394) Post hoc testing for all between group differences was statistically significant (P 0.05; Tukey test of multiple comparisons) There was a significant correlation between the total scores of the OSDI and SPEED questionnaires (rs 0.68 P 0.001) The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the SPEED questionnaire was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was estimated to be 0.82 (95% CL: 0.79 0.85; P 0.001) Factor analysis revealed 3 dimensions as responsible for the substantial amount of variance in the data generated by the SPEED questionnaire.  The SPEED questionnaire was good in separating asymptomatic and symptomatic participants in comparison with the OSDI. This indicates that the SPEED questionnaire is a valid measure for dry eye symptoms even in a nonclinical sample and would be useful in epidemiological studies and clinical practice for dry eye symptom assessment.
NEUROMUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS OF UPPER EXTREMITIES IN MUSICIANS A LITERATURE REVIEW

Music, though, considered as a safe occupation but like other professions musicians too can experience variety of health problems due to high physical and psychological demands inherent to their profession. Musicians suffer different set of work related musculoskeletal problems which have been designated with special term known as Playing Related Musculoskeletal Disorders(PRMDs) which include range of problems such as tendinitis, overuse syndrome, focal dystonia and deQuervain tenosynovitis, muscle tendon syndrome, hypermobility syndrome, compressive neuropathy. The purpose of present study was to carry out review of existing literature about the injury profile, types and pattern of injuries sustained by musicians Methodology An English language literature search on Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar was carried out by typing following words and sentences neuromusculoskeletal problems in musicians, soft tissue injuries in musicians, overuse injuries in musicians, medical problems in musician.  Total 18 studies could be located and retrieved from different search engines.14 studies were included in literature review.  Literature review suggests musicians sustain various neuromusculoskeletal injuries during their career which have been attributed to poor posture, long hours of practice, excessive force, static loading of instruments. There is need to generate awareness amongst musicians about types of injuries they are predisposed to so that appropriate preventive measures could be taken to preclude these injuries.  Soft tissue injuries, Musicians, Neuromusculoskeletal problems, Overuse injury.
Executive pay and performance: the moderating effect of CEO power and governance structure

This paper examines the crucial question of whether chief executive officer (CEO) power and corporate governance (CG) structure can moderate the pay for performance sensitivity (PPS) using a large up to date South African data set. Our findings are threefold. First, when direct links between executive pay and performance are examined, we find a positive, but relatively small PPS. Second, our results show that in a context of concentrated ownership and weak board structures; the second tier agency conflict (director monitoring power and opportunism) is stronger than the first tier agency problem (CEO power and self interest) Third, additional analysis suggests that CEO power and CG structure have a moderating effect on the PPS. Specifically, we find that the PPS is higher in firms with more reputable, founding and shareholding CEOs, higher ownership by directors and institutions, and independent nomination and remuneration committees, but lower in firms with larger boards, more powerful and long tenured CEOs. Overall, our evidence sheds new important theoretical and empirical insights on explaining the PPS with specific focus on the predictions of the optimal contracting and managerial power hypotheses. The findings are generally robust across a raft of econometric models that control for different types of endogeneities, pay, and performance proxies.
A plant inspired robot with soft differential bending capabilities.
Venue: Bioinspiration biomimetics

We present the design and development of a plant inspired robot, named Plantoid, with sensorized robotic roots. Natural roots have a multi sensing capability and show a soft bending behaviour to follow or escape from various environmental parameters (i.e. tropisms) Analogously, we implement soft bending capabilities in our robotic roots by designing and integrating soft spring based actuation (SSBA) systems using helical springs to transmit the motor power in a compliant manner. Each robotic tip integrates four different sensors, including customised flexible touch and innovative humidity sensors together with commercial gravity and temperature sensors. We show how the embedded sensing capabilities together with a root inspired control algorithm lead to the implementation of tropic behaviours. Future applications for such plant inspired technologies include soil monitoring and exploration, useful for agriculture and environmental fields.
Optimal Tuning of Multivariable Centralized Fractional Order PID Controller Using Bat Optimization and Harmony Search Algorithms for Two Interacting Conical Tank Process

The control of multivariable interacting process is difficult because of the interaction effect between input output variables. In the proposed work, an attempt is made to design a Multivariable Centralized Fractional Order PID (MCFOPID) controller with the use of evolutionary optimization techniques. The Bat Optimization Algorithm (BOA) and Harmony Search algorithm (HS) the evolutionary optimization techniques are used for the tuning of the controller parameters. As the process is a Two Input Two Output process, four FOPID controllers are required for the control of the two interacting conical tank process. Altogether 20 controller parameters need to be tuned. In a single run, all the 20 parameters are founding considering the interaction effect minimizing Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) The BOA, HS based MCFOPID controller is validated under tracking and disturbance rejection for minimum ITAE.
A Preliminary Study in Applying the Function Based Intervention Decision Model in Consultation to Increase Treatment Integrity

This preliminary study investigated the use of the Function Based Intervention Decision Model (Decision Model; Umbreit, Ferro, Liaupsin, Lane, 2007) to improve teacher treatment integrity for a function based classroom management plan. The participants were a special education teacher and three elementary age students receiving special education services for emotional disturbance (ED) who engaged in disruptive, off task behavior. This study was conducted in two parts: (a) a comprehensive functional assessment based classroom management plan was systematically designed for a self contained classroom of students with ED using the Decision Model, and (b) a functional assessment based consultation (FABC) plan was systematically constructed using the Decision Model and implemented with the teacher participant to evaluate its effect on treatment integrity using a single subject modified changing criterion design. Results of this study showed improvement in treatment integrity following the implementation of FABC, as well as improvement in student on task behavior. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
History, Culture and the Death Penalty: The British Debates, 1840 70

Mid Victorian Britain saw a debate over the death penalty the intensity of which was not matched until the mid twentieth century. On at least eight occasions between 1 840 and 1 869 the Commons voted on measures to abolish capital punishment.2 The topic was subjected to lengthy discussion in leading journals; major intellectual and literary figures joined the fray, many, at least initially, on the side of reform. A symbolically charged dispute, it elicited powerful emotions on both sides of the question. Despite repeated defeats in Parliament, the advocates of abolition were confident that victory lay within their grasp. In 1848 one reformer, George Thompson, optimistically predicted that "the time would soon come" for the final overthrow of the gallows.3 Another abolitionist announced his pleasure in observing "obsolete usages" giving way before "modern feelings."4 Many conservative commentators, in the 1 840s, feared the accuracy of these observations. The confidence felt by abolitionists was grounded in a particular interpretation of recent history and a faith in the
The Real Death Penalty: Capital Punishment According to the Experts

There are theoretical and philosophical arguments in favor and against capital punishment. Advocates of capital punishment assert that death is a proper punishment for those who commit the most heinous crimes because offenders owe their lives to society as payment for the harms they inflicted on society (retribution) Further, the death penalty makes us safer by causing fear in would be murderers so that they do not commit their crimes (deterrence) and by taking away the lives of murderers who might murder again if not executed (incapacitation)
INFLUYE LA PERSONALIDAD DE LOS DIRECTIVOS DE PYMES EN LOS RESULTADOS EXPORTADORES

En este trabajo se analiza si los valores segun la escala de Schwartz varian entre los directivos responsables de exportacion de Pequenas y Medianas Empresas (PyMEs) entre las empresas con mayor exito exportador, frente a las que tienen un exito exportador limitado. El estudio se aplica a una muestra de 196 PyMEs espanolas exportadoras. En primer lugar se aplica un cluster de clases latentes para clasificar las empresas en funcion del performance exportador, para despues aplicar test de comparaciones de medias y buscar diferencias significativas en los valores de Schwartz entre directivos de empresas de ambos grupos. Los valores en los que aparecen diferencias significativas son: honestidad, influencia, ambicion, lealtad, justicia social, autoridad, vida excitante y orden social.
A purification postulate for quantum mechanics with indefinite causal order

To study which are the most general causal structures which are compatible with local quantum mechanics, Oreshkov et al. introduced the notion of a process: a resource shared between some parties that allows for quantum communication between them without a predetermined causal order. These processes can be used to perform several tasks that are impossible in standard quantum mechanics: they allow for the violation of causal inequalities, and provide an advantage for computational and communication complexity. Nonetheless, no process that can be used to violate a causal inequality is known to be physically implementable. There is therefore considerable interest in determining which processes are physical and which are just mathematical artefacts of the framework. Here we make the first step in this direction, by proposing a purification postulate: processes are physical only if they are purifiable. We derive necessary conditions for a process to be purifiable, and show that several known processes do not satisfy them.
The Postulate of the Three Regimes of Economic Growth Contradicted by Data

Economic growth in Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia, countries of the former USSR, Africa and Latin America were analysed. It is demonstrated that the fundamental postulate of the Unified Growth Theory about the existence of the three regimes of growth (Malthusian regime, post Malthusian regime and sustained growth regime) is contradicted by data. These regimes did not exist. In particular, there was no escape from the Malthusian trap because there was no trap. Economic growth in all these regions was not stagnant but hyperbolic. Unified Growth Theory is fundamentally incorrect. However, this theory is also dangerously misleading because it claimsa transition from the endless epoch of stagnation to the new era of sustained economic growth, the interpretation creating the sense of security and a promise of prosperity. The data show that the opposite is true. Economic growth in the past was sustained and secure. Now, it is supportedby the increasing ecological deficit. The long term sustained and secure economic growth has yet to be created. It did not happen automatically, as suggested incorrectly by the Unified Growth Theory.
Constructive Geometry and the Parallel postulate
Venue: Bull. Symb. Log.

Euclidean geometry consists of straightedge and compass constructions and reasoning about the results of those constructions. We show that Euclidean geometry can be developed using only intuitionistic logic. We consider three versions of Euclid's parallel postulate: Euclid's own formulation in his Postulate 5; Playfair's 1795 version, and a new version we call the strong parallel postulate. These differ in that Euclid's version and the new version both assert the existence of a point where two lines meet, while Playfair's version makes no existence assertion. Classically, the models of Euclidean (straightedge and compass) geometry are planes over Euclidean fields. We prove a similar theorem for constructive Euclidean geometry, by showing how to define addition and multiplication without a case distinction about the sign of the arguments. With intuitionistic logic, there are two possible definitions of Euclidean fields, which turn out to correspond to the different versions of the parallel axiom. In this paper, we completely settle the questions about implications between the three versions of the parallel postulate: the strong parallel postulate easily implies Euclid 5, and in fact Euclid 5 also implies the strong parallel postulate, although the proof is lengthy, depending on the verification that Euclid 5 suffices to define multiplication geometrically. We show that Playfair does not imply Euclid 5, and we also give some other independence results. Our independence proofs are given without discussing the exact choice of the other axioms of geometry; all we need is that one can interpret the geometric axioms in Euclidean field theory. The proofs use Kripke models of Euclidean field theories based on carefully constructed rings of real valued functions.
Canonical principal angles correlation analysis for two view data
Venue: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent.

Our method considers the correlation of two views, and exploits the local geometric structure of data.The correlation of two views is measured by the angle between their principle components.We introduce manifold regularization to maintain the local geometric. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a popular method that has been widely used in information fusion. However, CCA requires that the data from two views must be paired, which is hard to satisfy in the real applications, moreover, it only considers the correlated information of the paired data. Thus, it cannot be used when there are only a little paired data or no paired data. In this paper, we propose a novel method named Canonical Principal Angles Correlation Analysis (CPACA) which does not need paired data during training stage. It makes classic CCA escape from the limitation of paired information. Its objective function can be constructed as follows: First, the correlation of two views is represented by the similarity between two subspace spanned by the principal components, which makes CPACA favorably compare with CCA in the case of limited paired data; Second, in order to increase the discriminative information of CPACA, we utilize manifold regularization to exploit the geometry of the marginal distribution. To optimize the objective function, we propose a new method to calculate the projected vectors. The experimental results show that the performance of CPACA is superior to that of traditional CCA and its variants.
Congestive heart failure detection using random forest classifier
Venue: Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.

Automatic electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat classification is substantial for diagnosing heart failure. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of machine learning methods in creating the model which classifies normal and congestive heart failure (CHF) on the long term ECG time series.  The study was performed in two phases: feature extraction and classification phase. In feature extraction phase, autoregressive (AR) Burg method is applied for extracting features. In classification phase, five different classifiers are examined namely, C4.5 decision tree, k nearest neighbor, support vector machine, artificial neural networks and random forest classifier. The ECG signals were acquired from BIDMC Congestive Heart Failure and PTB Diagnostic ECG databases and classified by applying various experiments.  The experimental results are evaluated in several statistical measures (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, F measure and ROC curve) and showed that the random forest method gives 100% classification accuracy.  Impressive performance of random forest method proves that it plays significant role in detecting congestive heart failure (CHF) and can be valuable in expressing knowledge useful in medicine.
Opposite Effects of mGluR1a and mGluR5 Activation on Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neuron Dendritic Spine Density
Venue: PloS one

The group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1a and mGluR5) are important modulators of neuronal structure and function. Although these receptors share common signaling pathways, they are capable of having distinct effects on cellular plasticity. We investigated the individual effects of mGluR1a or mGluR5 activation on dendritic spine density in medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which has become relevant with the potential use of group I mGluR based therapeutics in the treatment of drug addiction. We found that systemic administration of mGluR subtype specific positive allosteric modulators had opposite effects on dendritic spine densities. Specifically, mGluR5 positive modulation decreased dendritic spine densities in the NAc shell and core, but was without effect in the dorsal striatum, whereas increased spine densities in the NAc were observed with mGluR1a positive modulation. Additionally, direct activation of mGluR5 via CHPG administration into the NAc also decreased the density of dendritic spines. These data provide insight on the ability of group I mGluRs to induce structural plasticity in the NAc and demonstrate that the group I mGluRs are capable of producing not just distinct, but opposing, effects on dendritic spine density.
Effects of different levels of essential oil mixed (peppermint thyme anise oil) supplementation in the drinking water on the growth performance, carcass traits and histologic structure of terminal ileum in quails.

This study was conducted in order to define the effects of oregofarm (peppermint, thyme and anise oil) supplementation in the drinking water on the growth performance, carcass quality and histologic structure of terminal ileum in quails. A total of 348 Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) of both sexes were included in this study. They were divided into one control group and two experimental groups and each of them contained 116 Japanese quail chicks. Each group was further divided into four subgroups with 29 Japanese quail chicks. This study was finalized in six weeks. All groups were fed with basal diets and received fresh water during the experiment. The control group received non supplemented water. The group 1 and 2 received 1.0 ml/5 L and 1.5 ml/5 L oil mixture, respectively. All experimental groups were fed with water and ad libitum. As a result of the study, there were statistically significant differences between the feed consumption and efficiency (P<0.001) in the end of the three weeks. Similarly, there were also statistically significant differences between same parameters (P<0.01; 0.05) five weeks later. The body weights of quails were not significantly different from each other (P>0.05) At the end of the study, there were statistically differences in the warm and cold carcass parameters (P<0.05) Adding essential oil mixed were not affected on histological structure of terminal ileum (P>0.05) Conclusively, the supplementation of oregofarm (peppermint thyme and anise oil) has no additional effect on quail performance.
Strategic Planning and Implementation Success in Public Service Organizations: Evidence from Canada

In this article, we examine the role that formal strategic planning plays in determining the success of strategy implementation in a set of more than 150 public service organizations from Canada. We also analyse the mediating effects of managerial involvement in strategic planning and the moderating effects of stakeholder uncertainty on the planning implementation relationship. A structured online questionnaire was used to collect the data. Our findings suggest that formal strategic planning has a strong positive relationship with implementation, which, though mediated by managerial involvement, becomes even more salient in the face of stakeholder uncertainty. Several implications of these findings are discussed.