nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cross posting activity for professional users across Facebook, Twitter and Google+
Venue: Social Network Analysis and Mining

Professional players in social media (e.g. big companies, politician, athletes, celebrities, etc) are intensively using Online Social Networks (OSNs) in order to interact with a huge amount of regular OSN users with different purposes (marketing campaigns, customer feedback, public reputation improvement, etc) Hence, due to the large catalog of existing OSNs, professional players usually count with OSN accounts in different systems. In this context, an interesting question is whether professional users publish the same information across their OSN accounts, or actually they use different OSNs in a different manner. We define as cross posting activity the action of publishing the same information in two or more OSNs. This paper aims at characterizing the cross posting activity of professional users across three major OSNs, Facebook, Twitter and Google+ To this end, we perform a large scale measurement based analysis across more than 2M posts collected from 616 professional users with active accounts in the three referred OSNs. Then we characterize the phenomenon of cross posting and analyse the behavioural patterns based on the identified characteristics.
Altmetrics of "altmetrics" using Google Scholar, Twitter, Mendeley, Facebook, Google plus, CiteULike, Blogs and Wiki
Venue: ArXiv

We measure the impact of "altmetrics" field by deploying altmetrics indicators using the data from Google Scholar, Twitter, Mendeley, Facebook, Google plus, CiteULike, Blogs and Wiki during 2010 2014. To capture the social impact of scientific publications, we propose an index called alt index, analogues to h index. Across the deployed indices, our results have shown high correlation among the indicators that capture social impact. While we observe medium Pearson's correlation \r{ho} .247) among the alt index and h index, a relatively high correlation is observed between social citations and scholarly citations \r{ho} .646) Interestingly, we find high turnover of social citations in the field compared with the traditional scholarly citations, i.e. social citations are 42.2 more than traditional citations. The social mediums such as Twitter and Mendeley appear to be the most effective channels of social impact followed by Facebook and Google plus. Overall, altmetrics appears to be working well in the field of "altmetrics"
Rayleigh Taylor instability under curved substrates: An optimal transient growth analysis

We investigate the stability of thin viscous films coated on the inside of a horizontal cylindrical substrate. In such a case, gravity acts both as a stabilizing force through the progressive drainage of the film and as a destabilizing force prone to form droplets via the Rayleigh Taylor instability. The drainage solution, derived from lubrication equations, is found asymptotically stable with respect to infinitesimally small perturbations, although in reality, droplets often form. To resolve this paradox, we perform an optimal transient growth analysis for the first order perturbations of the liquid's interface, generalizing the results of Trinh et al.  (2014) We find that the system displays a linear transient growth potential that gives rise to two different scenarios depending on the value of the Bond number (prescribing the relative importance of gravity and surface tension forces) At low Bond numbers, the optimal perturbation of the interface does not generate droplets. In contrast, for higher Bond numbers, perturbations on the upper hemicircle yield gains large enough to potentially form droplets. The gain increases exponentially with the Bond number. In particular, depending on the amplitude of the initial perturbation, we find a critical Bond number above which the short time linear growth is sufficient to trigger the nonlinear effects required to form dripping droplets. We conclude that the transition to droplets detaching from the substrate is noise and perturbation dependent.
COCO Text: Dataset and Benchmark for Text Detection and Recognition in Natural Images
Venue: ArXiv

This paper describes the COCO Text dataset. In recent years large scale datasets like SUN and Imagenet drove the advancement of scene understanding and object recognition. The goal of COCO Text is to advance state of the art in text detection and recognition in natural images. The dataset is based on the MS COCO dataset, which contains images of complex everyday scenes. The images were not collected with text in mind and thus contain a broad variety of text instances. To reflect the diversity of text in natural scenes, we annotate text with (a) location in terms of a bounding box, (b) fine grained classification into machine printed text and handwritten text, (c) classification into legible and illegible text, (d) script of the text and (e) transcriptions of legible text. The dataset contains over 173k text annotations in over 63k images. We provide a statistical analysis of the accuracy of our annotations. In addition, we present an analysis of three leading state of the art photo Optical Character Recognition (OCR) approaches on our dataset. While scene text detection and recognition enjoys strong advances in recent years, we identify significant shortcomings motivating future work.
DenseCap: Fully Convolutional Localization Networks for Dense Captioning
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

We introduce the dense captioning task, which requires a computer vision system to both localize and describe salient regions in images in natural language. The dense captioning task generalizes object detection when the descriptions consist of a single word, and Image Captioning when one predicted region covers the full image. To address the localization and description task jointly we propose a Fully Convolutional Localization Network (FCLN) architecture that processes an image with a single, efficient forward pass, requires no external regions proposals, and can be trained end to end with a single round of optimization. The architecture is composed of a Convolutional Network, a novel dense localization layer, and Recurrent Neural Network language model that generates the label sequences. We evaluate our network on the Visual Genome dataset, which comprises 94,000 images and 4,100,000 region grounded captions. We observe both speed and accuracy improvements over baselines based on current state of the art approaches in both generation and retrieval settings.
Simultaneous Measurements of Eight Oxyanions Using High Capacity Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (Zr Oxide DGT) with a High Efficiency Elution Procedure.
Venue: Environmental science technology

A zirconium oxide binding gel based diffusive gradients in thin films (Zr oxide DGT) was developed for simultaneous measurements of P(V) As(V) Cr(VI) Mo(VI) Sb(V) Se(VI) V(V) and W(VI) All of the oxyanions were rapidly bound to Zr oxide gel with differences in binding affinity. The eight bound oxyanions were successfully recovered by one step elution using a mild reagent of 0.2 M NaOH 0.5 M H2O2 by overcoming the problems in analyses of the oxyanions. The optimized elution time was reduced to 3 5 h from 24 48 h required by other DGTs. DGT uptakes of all the oxyanions were independent of pH (4.42 8.45) and ionic strength (0.1 500 mM) The DGT capacities for six oxyanions detected in multioxyanion solution were only 0.19 to 0.35 times of those detected in single oxyanion solution, reflecting a strong competition among the oxyanions during DGT uptake. Except for Se(VI) in seawater, Zr oxide DGT accurately measured all of the oxyanions in synthetic freshwater and seawater, with the capacities ~29 to >2397 times and ~7.5 to 232 times those of two commonly used DGTs (Metsorb and precipitated ferrihydrite (PF) DGTs) in freshwater and seawater, respectively. Measurements by Zr oxide DGT in contaminated sediments were in agreement with only two oxyanions with the two commonly used DGTs; the two DGTs accumulated less or no mass of other oxyanions. This study demonstrates significant advantage of Zr oxide DGT over the other DGTs in simultaneous measurements of the eight oxyanions due to the former's high capacity and a wide tolerance to environmental interferences, together with a high efficiency in elution.
BOLTS FROM ORION: DESTROYING MOBILE SURFACE TO AIR MISSILE SYSTEMS WITH LETHAL AUTONOMOUS AIRCRAFT

Modern mobile surface to air missile (SAM) capabilities are far more lethal and sophisticated than the Iraqi integrated air defense system (IADS) the US demolished in 2003, and are being used by potential adversaries as one component of anti access/area denial (A2/D) strategy. This research explored the possible advantages autonomous unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) could offer for the suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) mission. Research was conducted by surveying existing literature on advanced surface to air missile systems, SEAD, remotely piloted aircraft, and artificial intelligence. This was used to create four future scenarios envisioning how autonomous aircraft could be used for SEAD.Lethal autonomous UAS are controversial and the concept of machines making lethal targeting decisions is not to be taken lightly. Arguments abound about the legality and morality of lethal autonomous engagement and the United Nations is actively debating the issue. Artificial intelligence (AI) needs to advance before machines can make lethal engagement decisions.Fully autonomous UAS that execute SEAD without man in the loop control are too much of technological and political risk, but the US should pursue developing flexible levels of autonomy to enable human machine teaming followed by developing swarms to provide an advantage for SEAD. Increased investment in autonomous UAS is necessary to ensure the US maintains an edge over potential adversaries advanced SAMs in future A2/AD conflicts.
A new auto focus measure based on medium frequency discrete cosine transform filtering and discrete cosine transform

This paper proposes a new auto focus measure based on medium frequency discrete cosine transform (MFDCT) filtering and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) First, the gradient image is obtained by filtering the image with the MFDCT operator, and then the gradient image is divided into 8 x 8 sub images. The DCT coefficients of each sub image are computed, and finally the appropriate coefficients are selected as the auto focus measure. Experimental results demonstrate that the auto focus measure proposed in this paper exhibits good unimodal performance, high accuracy, and very few local peaks, and is more resistant to Gaussian and impulse noise.
Data and syntax centric anomaly detection for relational databases
Venue: Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Data Min. Knowl. Discov.

Recent studies show that insider attacks that aim at exfiltrating data are very common and that these attacks are performed according to specific patterns. Protecting against such threats requires complementing existing security techniques, such as access control and encryption, with tools able to detect anomalies in data accesses. In this paper, we present a technique specifically tailored for detecting anomalous database accesses. Our technique extracts users' access patterns based on both the syntax of the input queries and the amount of data in their output results. Our technique is based on mining SQL queries in database audit logs in order to form profiles of the normal users' access patterns. New queries are checked upon these profiles, and deviations from these profiles are considered anomalous and thus indicative of possible attempts to exfiltrate or misuse the data. Our technique works under two application scenarios. The first is when the database has role based access control (RBAC) in place. Under an RBAC system, users belong to roles and privileges are associated with roles rather than individual users. For this scenario, we form profiles of roles which make our approach usable for database management systems (DBMSs) that have a large user population; in this scenario, we apply the naive Bayesian classifier which shows accurate results in practice. We also employ multilabeling classification to enhance accuracy when the access patterns are common to multiple roles. The second application scenario is when the DBMS does not apply RBAC. In this scenario, we apply the COBWEB clustering method. Experimental results indicate that our techniques are very effective. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2016, 6:231 239. doi: 10.1002/widm.1195
Nonlinear Dynamics and Strong Cavity Cooling of Levitated Nanoparticles.
Venue: Physical review letters

Optomechanical systems explore and exploit the coupling between light and the mechanical motion of macroscopic matter. A nonlinear coupling offers rich new physics, in both quantum and classical regimes. We investigate a dynamic, as opposed to the usually studied static, nonlinear optomechanical system, comprising a nanosphere levitated in a hybrid electro optical trap. The cavity offers readout of both linear in position and quadratic in position (nonlinear) light matter coupling, while simultaneously cooling the nanosphere, for indefinite periods of time and in high vacuum. We observe the cooling dynamics via both linear and nonlinear coupling. As the background gas pressure was lowered, we observed a greater than 1000 fold reduction in temperature before temperatures fell below readout sensitivity in the present setup. This Letter opens the way to strongly coupled quantum dynamics between a cavity and a nanoparticle largely decoupled from its environment.
Effectiveness of the core stabilisation exercise on floor and Swiss ball on individual with non Specific low back pain

We all need the good core stability program to prevent low back pain, to initiate limb movement, for proper utilization of the muscle forces and to enhance performance. And also, there is lack of literature support in normal subject and the benefits of core endurance in everyday activities. To compare the effectiveness of core stability exercise on floor and core stability exercise on Swiss ball in reducing pain and disability.  A group of 30 subjects were selected for the study and randomly divided into two equal groups of 15 each. All subjects were selected between the age group of 30 45 years. The groups A subjects were asked to perform core stability exercises on Swiss ball and group B performed same exercises on floor. Both groups were asked to perform 4 types of core stability exercises for 3 days in weeks, for 4 weeks. The pain the disability were compare assessed Pre and Post intervention using VAS and ODI respectively.  Two groups were compared for the difference between the post test score of group A and group B were analysed by independent 't'test and the result showed that there was statistically significant difference between the post mean VAS scores values for Group A (Swiss ball) was 2.267 which was lesser than the post test VAS mean value for Group B (floor mat) 2.933. The p value was 0.05.Result for post mean ODI scores values between two group also showed statistically significant difference with value for Group A (Swiss ball) was 15.733 which was lesser than the post test ODI mean value for Group B (floor mat) 24.067. The p value was 0.05.  The Swiss ball exercise showed statistically significant improvement in reducing back pain and disability when compare to the core stability exercise on the floor. Thus, performing core stability exercise on a Swiss ball reduces pain and disability significantly compared to core stability exercise on floor among mechanical low back ache subjects.
Swiss Ball Versus Mat Exercises For Core Activation of Transverse Abdominis in Recreational Athletes.
Venue: Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR

Core stability is an essential component for improving athletic performance and injury prevention. Exercises on a Swiss ball and on the mat are two different ways of improving core stability. Comparison of these methods can help physiotherapists incorporate the better method for athletic training and rehabilitation.  To compare swiss ball and mat exercises for core stability of transverse abdominis in recreational athletes.  This pilot randomized control trial was performed on a total of 25 recreational athletes. Subjects were alternatively allocated into three different groups: group A performed swiss ball exercises; group B performed mat exercises; and group C was the control group.  Paired t test for pre and post values within the group and one way ANOVA for between the groups comparison was used.  There was significant improvement in the core stability in Group A (Pre values: 3.6+ 2.06; Post values: 8.3+ 3.02; p value: <0.05) and Group B (Pre values: 2.1+ 2.4; Post values: 4.3+ 2.5; p value<0.05) however, improvement was more in group A compared to group B.  There was significant improvement seen in the recreational athletes performing exercises on Swiss ball as compared to athletes performing exercises on mat. Therefore, Swiss ball exercises can be included in the prehabilitation and rehabilitation stages of athletic training to prevent injury and enhanced recovery post injury, thereby, improving performance of the athletes.
Muscle Activation Among Supine, Prone, and Side Position Exercises With and Without a Swiss Ball
Venue: Sports health

Prone, supine, and side position exercises are employed to enhance core stability.  Overall core muscle activity would be greater in prone position exercises compared with supine and side position exercises.   Eighteen men and women between 23 and 45 years of age served as subjects. Surface electrodes were positioned over the upper and lower rectus abdominis, external and internal obliques, rectus femoris, latissimus dorsi, and lumbar paraspinals. Electromyography data were collected during 5 repetitions of 10 exercises, then normalized by maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) Differences in muscle activity were assessed using 1 way repeated measures analysis of variance, while t tests with a Bonferroni correction were employed to assess pairwise comparisons.  Upper and lower rectus abdominis activity was generally significantly greater in the crunch, bent knee sit up, and prone position exercises compared with side position exercises. External oblique activity was significantly greater in the prone on ball with right hip extension, side crunch on ball, and side bridge (plank) on toes compared with the prone and side bridge (plank) on knees, the crunch, or the bent knee sit up positions. Internal oblique activity was significantly greater in the prone bridge (plank) on ball and prone on ball with left and right hip extension compared with the side crunch on ball and prone and side bridge (plank) on knees positions. Lumbar paraspinal activity was significantly greater in the 3 side position exercises compared with all remaining exercises. Latissimus dorsi activity was significantly greater in the prone on ball with left and right hip extension and prone bridge (plank) on ball and on toes compared with the crunch, bent knee sit up, and prone and side bridge (plank) on knees positions. Rectus femoris activity was significantly greater in the prone on ball with left hip extension, bent knee sit up, or prone bridge (plank) on toes compared with the remaining exercises.  Prone position exercises are good alternatives to supine position exercises for recruiting core musculature. Side position exercises are better for oblique and lumbar paraspinal recruitment.  Because high core muscle activity is associated with high spinal compressive loading, muscle activation patterns should be considered when prescribing trunk exercises to those in which high spinal compressive loading may be deleterious.
Reading to make a decision or to reduce cognitive dissonance? The effect of selecting and reading online reviews from a post decision context
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

This research challenges the presumption that reading online reviews solely affect reader attitudes toward a prospective decision. Instead, readers may strategically select and read reviews after a decision. This research advances and tests hypotheses proposing that: (1) post decision readers select decision supportive reviews earlier and more frequently; and (2) the reviews they read affect the subsequent cognitive dissonance they experienced. Two studies employed an original post decision experiment and demonstrated that readers expressed biased review selection. Interestingly, the reviews they read affected and increased their cognitive dissonance. The findings contributed to understanding the complex dynamic of online reviews in a post decision context.
Reading Online in Foreign Languages: A Study of Strategy Use.

Scores of studies have established that when learning online, students must be equipped with different sets of strategies and skills than in a physical classroom setting (Anderson, 2003;  2015; Coiro, 2007; Leu et al. 2007; Michinov, Brunot, Le Bohec, Juhel, Delaval, 2011; Salmon, 2013) The present study, by virtue of exploring foreign language learners' online reading experience, aimed to identify the reading strategies that learners would use when engaged in online reading activities in the target foreign languages. Thirty two foreign language learners whose native language was English participated in the study. The Online Survey of Reading Strategies (OSORS) designed by Anderson (2003) was administered to investigate the following four research questions: (1) What are the strategies that language learners would or would not use when reading online in foreign languages? (2) Would foreign language learners use some of the online reading strategies more frequently than other strategies? (3) Would different levels of foreign language proficiencies influence language learners' use of the strategies? (4) What could foreign language teachers do in their instruction to help students acquire and broaden their repertoire of online reading strategies? Data analysis demonstrated the most and least frequently used strategies of the foreign language learners and uncovered a significant difference in the frequency of use among the strategies. However, there was no significant difference found between the use of online reading strategies and learners' foreign language proficiencies. Implications and suggestions for future research and practice were proposed accordingly.
Moderating readers and reading online

Despite the proliferation of online forums for the discussion of literary texts, very little has been written to date on the management of these spaces and how this helps frame the kinds of discussion and interpretative work that take place. This article draws on a series of interviews with moderators of online book related sites, alongside close analysis of online interactions between moderators and users to consider issues of authority, hierarchy, power and control, asking how these act to structure or facilitate acts of interpretation taking place online. We begin by outlining the moderator's role before conducting a brief review of existing scholarship on offline reading groups and online communities, to identify how social infrastructures are established and negotiated. The main body of the article draws upon interviews with moderators of two online literary forums The Republic of Pemberley and The Guardian's online Reading Group to explore the ways in which each of the respective moderators frames his or her role. This is accompanied by an in depth exploration of how the forms of interpretation we find on the two sites are shaped and directed by the moderators. The article concludes by reflecting upon some of the issues raised by this study and its methodology, particularly with regards to digital dualism and the blurring of the boundaries between the public and the private in online spaces.