nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial galectin 3 and future cardiovascular disease in the general population
Venue: Heart

Lifetime risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease is high but predicting incident events on an individual level remains difficult. Single measurements of galectin 3, a marker of tissue fibrosis, predict mortality and new onset heart failure (HF) Persistently elevated levels may indicate a clinically silent disease process.  Our aim was to establish the value of serial galectin 3 measurements to predict CV outcomes in the general population.  Plasma galectin 3 was measured in the Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd stage Disease (PREVEND) study at baseline and after ~4 years. Changes in serial galectin 3 were expressed as categorical changes or absolute change from baseline and were related to subsequent outcome.  Serial galectin 3 was measured in 5958 subjects (mean age 49+ 12 years; 49% female) The median duration of follow up was 8.3 years. Persistently elevated galectin 3 (defined as highest quartile at baseline and highest quartile during visit 2, n=757 subjects) was associated with a higher risk for new onset HF, CV mortality, all cause mortality, new onset atrial fibrillation and CV events, compared with subjects with non persistently elevated galectin 3. After multivariable adjustments for baseline characteristics, serial galectin 3 remained an independent predictor of new onset HF (HR 1.85 (1.10 3.13) p=0.02) but not for other outcomes. Serial measurements provided more accurate prognostic value to predict new onset HF, compared with a single baseline measurement (Harrell's C: 0.72 (0.68 0.75) vs 0.68 (0.65 0.72) p=0.002, respectively) with significant net reclassification.  Persistently elevated galectin 3 predicts new onset HF after adjustment for covariates, and serial measurements provide more accurate prognostic information compared with single determination of galectin 3. This may help to identify individuals who are at risk for incident HF and might provide a measure to monitor interventions.
Lung Lesion Extraction Using a Toboggan Based Growing Automatic Segmentation Approach
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

The accurate segmentation of lung lesions from computed tomography (CT) scans is important for lung cancer research and can offer valuable information for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, it is challenging to achieve a fully automatic lesion detection and segmentation with acceptable accuracy due to the heterogeneity of lung lesions. Here, we propose a novel toboggan based growing automatic segmentation approach (TBGA) with a three step framework, which are automatic initial seed point selection, multi constraints 3D lesion extraction and the final lesion refinement. The new approach does not require any human interaction or training dataset for lesion detection, yet it can provide a high lesion detection sensitivity (96.35% and a comparable segmentation accuracy with manual segmentation (P 0.05) which was proved by a series assessments using the LIDC IDRI dataset (850 lesions) and in house clinical dataset (121 lesions) We also compared TBGA with commonly used level set and skeleton graph cut methods, respectively. The results indicated a significant improvement of segmentation accuracy Furthermore, the average time consumption for one lesion segmentation was under 8 s using our new method. In conclusion, we believe that the novel TBGA can achieve robust, efficient and accurate lung lesion segmentation in CT images automatically.
The efficiency of buffer and buffer less data flow control schemes for congestion avoidance in Networks on Chip
Venue: J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci.

The design of efficient architectures for communication in on chip multiprocessors system involves many challenges regarding the internal router functions used in Network on Chip (NoC) infrastructure. The on chip router should be designed to provide per flit processing with enhanced granularity. In fact, the quality of service experienced at the application level depends on the capabilities of the router to avoid congestion and to ensure efficient data flow control. Consequently, an enhanced router architecture is needed to achieve the requested QoS.This paper proposes an internal router architecture, for on chip communication, implementing flow control mechanism for congestion avoidance with QoS consideration. It describes the internal functions of this router for optimal output flit scheduling and its capability to apply per class service for inbound flows. The paper focuses mainly on the description and performance analysis of two proposed schemes for data flow control that can be used with the proposed router architecture. The results shown in this paper prove that the application of these proposed schemes in NoC achieves an interesting enhancement in the measured end to end QoS. We carried out an extensive comparison of the proposed solutions with the existing schemes published in the literature to show that the proposed solution outperforms these, maintaining an interesting tradeoff with the hardware characteristics when designed with 45nm integration technology.
Conspiring with Keats: Toward a Poetics of Breathing

This essay argues that Keats understood poetic performance as a conspiring, a powerfully somatic, often eroticized communion of poet and reader he figured as a process of mutual breathing. Owing to his personal history and medical expertise, Keats's attitude toward respiration was deeply ambivalent: if a precipitant of death, breathing the rhythmic conspiring through which poetic forms materialized in the bodies of readers during utterance could be curative, even afford the poet a secular, aesthetic version of immortality. His embodied, breath centered concept of reading and writing depended on a psychosomatic model of cognition that grounded intellectual activity in the life of the sensorium.
John Keats The Poems

General Editor's Preface Introduction Principal Events in John Keats's Life PART ONE: ANALYSING KEATS'S POETRY 'Standing on tip toe' Keats's Early Verse The 'beautiful mythology of Greece' Endymion and Lamia The Two Hyperions: 'a more naked and grecian Manner' The Major Odes Three Medieval Love Stories PART TWO: THE CONTEXT AND THE CRITICS Keats's Letters Keats and Nineteenth Century Romanticism Some Critical Approaches to Keats's Writings Further Reading Index
From Keats to Kanye: Romantic Poetry and Popular Culture in the Secondary English Classroom

This case study examined a Romanticism unit within a Year 9 English class in Sydney, Australia. It considered whether popular culture could build connections between students' lives and Romanticism, and whether the process of remixing 'high' Romantic poetry with 'low' popular culture could foster student engagement. Thematic analysis of interview, survey, observation, and artifact data revealed three key findings. Firstly, through exploring popular culture texts, students believed Romantic concepts related to their world but not to them. Secondly, the extent to which students understood Romanticism through popular culture was influenced by personal, textual, and educational factors. Thirdly, students felt that the collaborative remixing process promoted freedom of expression. While many teachers are concerned that popular culture will displace canonical literature, this study found that this is not the case: incorporating popular culture is not an 'either/or' approach, but it is an enriching, complementary practice.
Outcome based definition of the anterior thalamic deep brain stimulation target in refractory epilepsy
Venue: Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is an emerging therapy for refractory focal epilepsy. However, the most optimal target for stimulation has not been unambiguously described.  In the present study, we investigated the correlation between the stimulation site and outcome in order to define the optimal target for deep brain stimulation in refractory epilepsy.  The locations of 62 contacts used in 30 treatment attempts in 15 prospectively followed patients during a 5 year period were assessed. Treatment attempts were classified into responding and non responding trials using seizure reduction and side effect profile as criteria. The locations of active contacts were calculated with respect to mid commissural point and visible borders of ANT in 3T MRI (ANT normalized coordinate system) aiming to minimize the confounding effect of individual variation in the location and size of the ANT.  Contacts in successful treatment trials were located significantly more anterior and superior both in AC PC and ANT normalized coordinate systems. Favourable outcome was observed at 3T MRI based location of ANT but not at location predicted by Schaltenbrandt atlas sagittal data. Contacts used in successful trials were at anterior aspect of the ANT complex evidenced by the ANT normalized coordinate system.  The anti epileptic effect of anterior thalamic DBS may be dependent on stimulation site especially in the anterior to posterior axis. Extensive anatomical variation confounds severely the targeting of ANT. Therefore, direct visualization of the desired target for stimulation is essential for favourable outcome in refractory epilepsy.
Traumatic brain injury: It is all about definition
Venue: Brain injury

TBI may be defined by different methods. Some may be most useful for immediate clinical purposes, however less optimal for epidemiologic research. Other methods, such as the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) may prove more beneficial for this task, if the cut off points for their categories are defined correctly.  To reveal the optimal cut off points for AIS in definition of severity of TBI in order to ensure uniformity between future studies of TBI.  Mortality of patients with TBI AIS 3, 4 was 1.9% and 2.9% respectively, comparing with 31.1% among TBI AIS 5+ Predictive discrimination ability of the model with cut off points of 5+ for TBI AIS (in comparison with other cut off points) was better. Patients with missing Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in the ED had an in hospital mortality rate of 11.5% In this group, 25% had critical TBI according to AIS. Normal GCS didn't indicate an absence of head injury, as, among patients with GCS 15 in the ED, 26% had serious/critical TBI injury. Moreover, 7% of patients with multiple injury and GCS 3 8 had another reason than head injury for unconsciousness.  This study recommends the adoption of an AIS cut off 5 as a valid definition of severe TBI in epidemiological studies, while AIS 3 4 may be defined as 'moderate' TBI and AIS 1 2 as 'mild'
Intensive Language Action Therapy in Chronic Aphasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining Guidance by Constraint.
Venue: American journal of speech language pathology

Intensive language action therapy (ILAT) can be effective in overcoming learned nonuse in chronic aphasia. It is suggested that all three guiding principles (constraint, communication embedding, massed practice) are essential to ILAT's success. We examined whether one of these, guidance by constraint, is critical.  Twenty four participants with aphasia (PWAs) were assigned to ILAT or a modified version of promoting aphasic communicative effectiveness (PACE) in a randomized block, single blind, parallel group treatment study. Blocking was by severity (mild/moderate, moderate to severe, severe) Both groups received intensive treatment in the context of therapeutic language action games. Whereas the ILAT group was guided toward spoken responses, the PACE group could choose any response modality.  All participants, whether assigned to ILAT or PACE groups, improved on the primary outcome measure, picture naming. There was a Severity x Treatment interaction, with the largest effects estimated for PWAs with mild/moderate and moderate to severe aphasia. Regardless of severity, the ILAT group outperformed the PACE group on untrained pictures, suggesting some benefit of ILAT to generalization. However, this difference was not statistically significant.  Although the groups differed in subtle ways, including better generalization to untrained pictures for ILAT, the study was inconclusive on the influence of guidance by constraint.
Deficits in Decision Making and reversal learning in college students who participate in Binge drinking

We investigated deficits in decision making and reversal learning, and the relationship between them in college students who engaged in binge drinking.  In total, 30 students involved in binge drinking and 31 non binge drinking participated. Binge drinking was defined on the basis of the quantity, frequency and speed of alcohol consumption. Decision making and reversal learning were measured using the Iowa gambling task (IGT) and a reversal learning task, respectively.  The binge drinking group obtained significantly lower total net scores on the IGT versus the non binge drinking group. Additionally, the binge drinking group obtained significantly lower block net scores in the third and fourth blocks of the IGT, and selected cards from deck B (disadvantageous) more frequently than did the non binge drinking group. In the reversal learning task, the binge drinking group had significantly lower accuracy than the non binge drinking group in the reversal learning stage but not in the contingency learning stage. Moreover, associations between performance on the IGT and the reversal learning task were observed in the binge drinking group but not in the non binge drinking.  These results indicate that college students participating in BD had impairments in decision making and reversal learning. Difficulties with reversing previously learned outcomes might lead to repetition of choices that are no longer advantageous.
Sexual Behavior, Sexual Attraction, and Sexual Orientation Among Adults Aged 18 44 in the United States: Data From the 2011 2013 National Survey of Family Growth.
Venue: National health statistics reports

This report provides national estimates of sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual orientation among women and men aged 18 44 in the United States, based on the 2011 2013 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) METHODS Data for the 2011 2013 NSFG were collected through in person interviews with 10,416 women and men aged 15 44 in the household population in the United States. In this report, data are shown only for 9,175 adults aged 18 44. The data presented in this report were primarily collected using audio computer assisted self interviewing, in which the respondent enters his or her answers into the computer without telling them to an interviewer. The overall response rate for the 2011 2013 NSFG was 72.8%  Regarding opposite sex sexual behavior, 94.2% of women and 92.0% of men aged 18 44 had ever had vaginal intercourse; 86.2% of women and 87.4% of men had ever had oral sex; and 35.9% of women and 42.3% of men had ever had anal sex. Almost three times as many women (17.4% reported any same sex contact in their lifetime compared with men (6.2% aged 18 44. Feelings of attraction "only to the opposite sex" were more common for men (92.1% compared with women (81.0% aged 18 44. Among those aged 18 44, 92.3% of women and 95.1% of men said they were "heterosexual or straight" 1.3% of women and 1.9% of men said they were "homosexual, gay, or lesbian" 5.5% of women and 2.0% of men said they were bisexual; and 0.9% of women and 1.0% of men said "don't know" or "refused" (i.e. "did not report" on sexual orientation. Sexual attraction and sexual orientation correlate closely but not completely with reports of sexual behavior. Sexual behavior, sexual attraction, and sexual orientation vary by age, marital or cohabiting status, education, and race and Hispanic origin.
How smart is your tourist attraction? Measuring tourist preferences of smart tourism attractions via a FCEM AHP and IPA approach

Although smart tourism has gained increasing attention, empirical investigations of smart tourist attraction (STA) from a tourist perspective are still limited. The purpose of this study is to explore a methodological approach of assessing tourist preference of STA, and the strengths and weaknesses of an STA accordingly. First, factor analysis was used to determine tourists' key evaluation items of STA. Next, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process were applied to the STA evaluation of Hongshan Zoo, a popular tourist attraction in China. Then, importance performance analysis was conducted to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of Hongshan Zoo's STA construction. Findings suggest that "smart information system" "intelligent tourism management" "smart sightseeing" "e commerce system" "smart safety" "intelligent traffic" "smart forecasting" and "virtual tourist attractions" are tourists' key evaluation factors of STA. This paper extends previous research on smart tourism, and offers insights into the theoretical investigation and practical development of STA.
Implementation of Self regulation and Conflict Resolution Strategies through Conscious Discipline in an Early Childhood Classroom

The purpose of this study was to determine if implementing Conscious Discipline(r) methods would improve self regulation and conflict resolution strategies. The action research took place over six weeks in a Montessori classroom with 30 students ranging from 3 6 years old; however, the participants were eight specific four or five year old male students. Four data collection tools were used throughout the intervention; a pre and post intervention survey, a weekly behavioral observation, a student reflection, and an end of day self reflection form. After analyzing the data, evidence showed improved behaviors. By implementing Conscious Discipline(r) students were able to improve their self regulation and peer interaction skills. Potential future action research investigation relating to this study may include what effects Conscious Discipline(r) would have on females or how Conscious Discipline(r) helps older participants with more mature social issues such as bullying, fighting, labeling, and peer pressure.
Terminology Extraction with Term Variant Detection
Venue: ACL

We introduce, TermSuite, a JAVA and UIMA based toolkit to build terminologies from corpora. TermSuite follows the classic two steps of terminology extraction tools, the identification of term candidates and their ranking, but implements new features. It is multilingually designed, scalable, and handles term variants. We focus on the main components: UIMA Tokens Regex for defining term and variant patterns over word annotations, and the grouping component for clustering terms and variants that works both at morphological and syntactic levels.
TermoPL a Flexible Tool for Terminology Extraction
Venue: LREC

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the TermoPL tool created to extract terminology from domain corpora in Polish. The program extracts noun phrases, term candidates, with the help of a simple grammar that can be adapted for user's needs. It applies the C value method to rank term candidates being either the longest identified nominal phrases or their nested subphrases. The method operates on simplified base forms in order to unify morphological variants of terms and to recognize their contexts. We support the recognition of nested terms by word connection strength which allows us to eliminate truncated phrases from the top part of the term list. The program has an option to convert simplified forms of phrases into correct phrases in the nominal case. TermoPL accepts as input morphologically annotated and disambiguated domain texts and creates a list of terms, the top part of which comprises domain terminology. It can also compare two candidate term lists using three different coefficients showing asymmetry of term occurrences in this data.
Optimality of Belief Propagation for Crowdsourced Classification
Venue: ICML

Crowdsourcing systems are popular for solving large scale labelling tasks with low paid (or even non paid) workers. We study the problem of recovering the true labels from noisy crowdsourced labels under the popular Dawid Skene model. To address this inference problem, several algorithms have recently been proposed, but the best known guarantee is still significantly larger than the fundamental limit. We close this gap under a simple but canonical scenario where each worker is assigned at most two tasks. In particular, we introduce a tighter lower bound on the fundamental limit and prove that Belief Propagation (BP) exactly matches this lower bound. The guaranteed optimality of BP is the strongest in the sense that it is information theoretically impossible for any other algorithm to correctly label a larger fraction of the tasks. In the general setting, when more than two tasks are assigned to each worker, we establish the dominance result on BP that it outperforms other existing algorithms with known provable guarantees. Experimental results suggest that BP is close to optimal for all regimes considered, while existing state of the art algorithms exhibit suboptimal performances.
Crowdsourced POI labelling: Location aware result inference and Task Assignment
Venue: 2016 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE)

Identifying the labels of points of interest (POIs) aka POI labelling, provides significant benefits in location based services. However, the quality of raw labels manually added by users or generated by artificial algorithms cannot be guaranteed. Such low quality labels decrease the usability and result in bad user experiences. In this paper, by observing that crowdsourcing is a best fit for computer hard tasks, we leverage crowdsourcing to improve the quality of POI labelling. To our best knowledge, this is the first work on crowdsourced POI labelling tasks. In particular, there are two sub problems: (1) how to infer the correct labels for each POI based on workers' answers, and (2) how to effectively assign proper tasks to workers in order to make more accurate inference for next available workers. To address these two problems, we propose a framework consisting of an inference model and an online task assigner. The inference model measures the quality of a worker on a POI by elaborately exploiting (i) worker's inherent quality, (ii) the spatial distance between the worker and the POI, and (iii) the POI influence, which can provide reliable inference results once a worker submits an answer. As workers are dynamically coming, the online task assigner judiciously assigns proper tasks to them so as to benefit the inference. The inference model and task assigner work alternately to continuously improve the overall quality. We conduct extensive experiments on a real crowdsourcing platform, and the results on two real datasets show that our method significantly outperforms state of the art approaches.