nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
UK election cartography

In this paper, we explore the history of the cartography of UK elections; we illustrate how it has changed as a result of technological change and also due to the changing demands of electoral map consumers. We then focus on the way in which maps were used (and possibly also abused) across many of the various media outlets that reported the 2015 General Election in the United Kingdom. The review reveals a fascinating consensus in terms of map type, style and functionality though, naturally, the extent to which various maps were useful varies. However, what is most interesting is seeing their form coalesce towards a common format. A new default appears to be emerging. We then offer two alternative maps of the UK 2015 General Election, which contribute to the development of modified symbology for thematic cartography. In the first, we demonstrate how an artistic representation can have benefits in displaying what are essentially very messy data. In the second, we create a new 3D hexagonal cartogram. In summary, we suggest that despite the apparent coalescing it might be too early in the cartography of elections to think that a final form has now been reached as our experiments show.
Spirituality to build resilience in primary caregiver parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: a cross country experiment
Venue: International journal of developmental disabilities

To examine the effect of spirituality and spiritual training on resilience in primary caregiver parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)  A cross country pre and post test based experimental design has been used. The sample of this one year long study comprised 1687 parents of children with ASD in 15 countries. A six day customized spiritual lessons package was administered to the study participants. Three scales have been used: Resilience Scale (RS) Sense of Coherence Scale (29 items) (SOC 29) and Parenting and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS 30)  Results of the paired t test showed that post test RS and SOC 29 scores of the participants were higher indicating greater resilience and sense of coherence post treatment. Post test PAFAS 30 scores were lower indicating lower dysfunction and better adjustment. Logistic regression and structural equation models showed that parents from European countries including the UK, US, Canada, and Australia, Christians, those who did three four rounds of the spiritual lessons through the study period and those who self practiced, had higher post test scores. Further mothers and middle class parents were likely to have higher post test resilience scores. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that self practice was the most significant predictor of participants' post test scores.  The study findings re inforce the resilience promoting potential of spirituality/spiritually sensitive interventions for parents of children with ASD, contingent on variations due to domicile country, religion, rounds of spiritual lessons, and self practice as critical predictors, and sex and economic class as secondary predictors.
Stigma, explanatory models and unmet needs of caregivers of children with developmental disorders in a low income African country: a cross sectional facility based survey
Venue: BMC Health Services Research

BackgroundUnderstanding the perspectives of caregivers of children with developmental disorders living in low income countries is important to inform intervention programmes. The purpose of this study was to examine the stigma experiences, explanatory models, unmet needs, preferred interventions and coping mechanisms of caregivers of children with developmental disorders in Ethiopia.MethodsParticipants comprised caregivers (n 102) of children with developmental disorders attending two child mental health clinics in Addis Ababa. The majority (66.7 n 68) had a diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID) 34 children (33.3 had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as their primary diagnosis. All caregivers were administered a structured questionnaire via a face to face interview, which included an adaptation of the Family Interview Schedule, closed questions about socio demographic characteristics, explanatory models of illness, type of interventions used or desired and coping strategies, and an open ended question regarding the family's unmet needs.ResultsMost caregivers reported experience of stigma: 43.1 worried about being treated differently, 45.1 felt ashamed about their child's condition and 26.7 made an effort to keep their child's condition secret. Stigma did not depend on the type of developmental disorder, the child's age or gender, or on the age or level of education of the caregiver (all p 0.05) Reported stigma was significantly higher in caregivers who had sought traditional help (p 0.01) provided supernatural explanations for their child's condition (p .02) and in caregivers of Orthodox Christian faith (p .03) Caregivers gave a mixture of biomedical explanations (e.g. head injury (30.4 or birth complications (25.5 and supernatural explanations (e.g. spirit possession (40.2 or sinful act (27.5 for their child's condition. The biggest reported unmet need was educational provision for their child (74.5 followed by treatment by a health professional (47.1 financial support (30.4 and expert help to support their child's development (27.5 Most caregivers reported that talking to health professionals (86.3 and family (85.3 helped them to cope. Many caregivers also used support from friends (76.5 and prayer (57.8 as coping mechanisms.ConclusionsThis study highlights the stigma experienced by families caring for a child with a developmental disorder. Designing interventions appropriate for low income settings that improve awareness about developmental disorders, decrease stigma, improve access to appropriate education and strengthen caregivers' support are needed.
Beneficial effects of water in the colloidal synthesis of InP/ZnS core shell quantum dots for optoelectronic applications.
Venue: Nanoscale

We demonstrate that the presence of a small amount of water as an impurity during the hot injection synthesis can significantly decrease the emission lines full width at half maximum (FWHM) and improve the quantum yield (QY) of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) By utilizing the water present in the indium precursor and solvent, we obtained InP/ZnS QDs emitting around 530 nm with a FWHM as narrow as 46 nm and a QY up to 45% Without water, the synthesized QDs have emission around 625 nm with a FWHM of 66 nm and a QY of about 33% Absorption spectra, XRD and XPS analyses revealed that when water is present, an amorphous phosphate layer is formed over the InP QDs and inhibits the QD growth. This amorphous layer favors the formation of a very thick ZnS shell by decreasing the lattice mismatch between the InP core and the ZnS shell. We further show the possibility to tune the emission wavelengths of InP/ZnS QDs by simply adjusting the amount of water present in the system while keeping all the other reaction parameters (i.e. precursor concentration, reaction temperature and time) constant. As an example of their application in light emitting diodes (LEDs) the green and red InP/ZnS QDs are combined with a blue LED chip to produce white light.
UNIFIED THERMODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF RADICAL AERO ENGINE CYCLES

The Joule /Brayton thermodynamic cycle is the base cycle of all major contemporary aero engines. Over the decades, the achievement of further significant improvements has become progressively challenging, and the increase of efficiency approaches physical limitations. In order to meet the ambitious long term emission reduction targets, the introduction of radical new propulsion system concepts is indispensable. Various cycles promising significant efficiency improvements over the conventional Joule /Brayton cycle are being examined by the engine community. However, as no clear favorite has emerged from these potential technical solutions, a transparent methodological approach for the consistent evaluation of the concepts is necessary. Consistent thermodynamic description and performance metrics for three engine cycles are presented in this paper: The turbofan as reference and two radical engine cycles, namely the composite cycle and the cycle integrated parallel hybrid. Laws for the estimation of component performance for large parametric variations are introduced. A method for the estimation of power plant system mass for the investigated engine cycles is proposed to evaluate fuel burn reduction. The studies substantiated that the turbofan improvement potential is saturating. The composite cycle engine offers a tremendous potential for fuel burn improvement of 24.5% over state of the art turbofan engines, which allows meeting the emission reduction targets in 2035. The cycle integrated parallel hybrid engine improves the turbofan moderately with year 2035 technology, but is not capable of meeting the corresponding emission reduction targets on a short to medium range aircraft platform.
Light weight Authentication Framework for WSN
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)

Primarily deployed for monitoring environmental parameters, WSN are now finding increased use in commercial, domestic, military and health applications. There deployment in hostile terrains and for mission critical applications touching human lives call for addressing their security issue. Especially under IoT and smart city projects like Padova Smart City project, the range of applications envisioned to be developed, would be tightly coupled to the physical world where security aspects would be paramount. This paper presents a light weight Authentication Framework which supports node registration, entity authentication, key establishment, new node injection and broadcast authentication of messages diffusing from base towards nodes in WSN. The solution leverages the low computational overheads associated with cryptographically secure one way hash chains and ECC without using any digital signature algorithm. The usage of hidden generator point derived by using hash chains provides defence against man in the middle attack a prominent feature in ECDH. The proposed framework is compared with other similar Schemes like Novel Access Control Protocol for secure Sensor Networks (NACP)
Teacher Stress and Teacher Self Efficacy as Predictors of Engagement, Emotional Exhaustion, and Motivation to Leave the Teaching Profession

The purpose of this study was to explore how seven potentially stressful school context variables (potential stressors) predicted senior high school teachers' experiences of teacher self efficacy, emotional stress, emotional exhaustion, engagement in teaching, and motivation to leave the teaching profession. A total of 523 Norwegian teachers in senior high school participated in the study. Four of the potential stressors were significantly but differently related to self efficacy and emotional stress and indirectly to emotional exhaustion, engagement, and motivation to leave the profession. The study shows that different potential stressors predict emotional exhaustion, engagement, and motivation through different psychological processes. SEM analysis indicated two main routes to teachers' motivation to leave the profession: 1) one route from time pressure via emotional stress and exhaustion to motivation to quit and 2) another route from lack of supervisory support and trust, low student motivation and value conflicts via lower self efficacy and lower engagement to motivation to quit.
Mindfulness and Teachers' Coping in the Classroom: A Developmental Model of Teacher Stress, Coping, and Everyday Resilience

Teaching is a demanding profession, with the potential to provide high levels of satisfaction. However, research shows that it can also be stressful: Teachers report multiple sources of chronic stress (including workload, students, parents, and administrators) and symptoms of burnout, such as emotional exhaustion, helplessness, and cynicism; rates of desistence often top 30 Studies of teachers' everyday coping indicate that adaptive coping may provide a buffer and maladaptive coping a risk factor as teachers negotiate these stressors. In fact, developmental models suggest that constructive coping has the potential to transform previously stressful interactions into opportunities for learning and development, contributing to higher quality engagement in teaching, greater satisfaction, and well being. This chapter explores the promise of mindfulness practices and interventions to aid teachers in developing personal resources that would help them cope more constructively, and thereby provide a pathway toward everyday resilience. First, we present a developmental model depicting the kinds of constructive coping that can promote teacher engagement and learning. Second, we identify multiple points in the process of coping where mindfulness could make an important difference, focusing especially on the mechanisms through which mindfulness could have its salutary effects. We conclude with suggestions for how mindful coping might change students' experiences in the classroom, since better coping may improve educators' engagement in teaching and the quality of their relationships with students and classroom management. We hope that the developmental model might provide a framework useful for guiding future studies on mindfulness and teachers' everyday coping and resilience.
High Performance and Cost Effective Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Fe N C Methanol Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts.
Venue: ChemSusChem

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) offer great advantages for the supply of power with high efficiency and large energy density. The search for a cost effective, active, stable and methanol tolerant catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is still a great challenge. In this work, platinum group metal free (PGM free) catalysts based on Fe N C are investigated in acidic medium. Post treatment of the catalyst improves the ORR activity compared with previously published PGM free formulations and shows an excellent tolerance to the presence of methanol. The feasibility for application in DMFC under a wide range of operating conditions is demonstrated, with a maximum power density of approximately 50 mW cm( 2) and a negligible methanol crossover effect on the performance. A review of the most recent PGM free cathode formulations for DMFC indicates that this formulation leads to the highest performance at a low membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cost. Moreover, a 100 h durability test in DMFC shows suitable applicability, with a similar performance time behavior compared to common MEAs based on Pt cathodes.
The fast track ultrasound clinic for early diagnosis of giant cell arteritis significantly reduces permanent visual impairment: towards a more effective strategy to improve clinical outcome in giant cell arteritis?
Venue: Rheumatology

Permanent visual impairment has been reported to occur in up to 19% of GCA patients. The aim of this study was to examine whether implementation of a fast track approach could reduce the rate of permanent visual impairment and inpatient days of care in GCA patients.  A fast track outpatient GCA clinic (FTC) was implemented in the Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Southern Norway Trust Kristiansand, Norway in 2012. The patients included in this study were subsequently recruited between March 2010 and October 2014. Routine clinical and laboratory data and number of inpatient days of care were collected.  During the observation period, 75 patients were diagnosed with GCA. Among the 75 GCA patients, 32 were evaluated conventionally and 43 in the FTC. In the conventionally approached group, six patients suffered from permanent visual impairment, while in the FTC group only one patient suffered from permanent visual impairment. The relative risk of permanent visual impairment in the GCA patients examined in the FTC was 88% lower compared with the conventionally evaluated group (relative risk 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.97, P 0.01) The mean difference in inpatient days of care between patients evaluated conventionally and patients evaluated in the FTC was 3 days (3.6 vs 0.6 days, P 0.0005) CONCLUSION The implementation of the FTC in GCA care appears to significantly reduce the risk of permanent visual impairment and is more cost effective by reducing the need for inpatient care.
Confidence Intervals for Maximin Effects in Inhomogeneous Large Scale Data

One challenge of large scale data analysis is that the assumption of an identical distribution for all samples is often not realistic. An optimal linear regression might, for example, be markedly different for distinct groups of the data. Maximin effects have been proposed as a computationally attractive way to estimate effects that are common across all data without fitting a mixture distribution explicitly. So far just point estimators of the common maximin effects have been proposed in Meinshausen and Buhlmann ( 2015) Here we propose asymptotically valid confidence regions for these effects.
Visualizing Time Dependent Data Using Dynamic t SNE
Venue: EuroVis

Many interesting processes can be represented as time dependent datasets. We define a time dependent dataset as a sequence of datasets captured at particular time steps. In such a sequence, each dataset is composed of observations (high dimensional real vectors) and each observation has a corresponding observation across time steps. Dimensionality reduction provides a scalable alternative to create visualizations (projections) that enable insight into the structure of such datasets. However, applying dimensionality reduction independently for each dataset in a sequence may introduce unnecessary variability in the resulting sequence of projections, which makes tracking the evolution of the data significantly more challenging. We show that this issue affects t SNE, a widely used dimensionality reduction technique. In this context, we propose dynamic t SNE, an adaptation of t SNE that introduces a controllable trade off between temporal coherence and projection reliability. Our evaluation in two time dependent datasets shows that dynamic t SNE eliminates unnecessary temporal variability and encourages smooth changes between projections.
The Impact of the Digital Revolution in the Development of Market and Communication Strategies for the Luxury Sector (Fashion Luxury)

In recent years the luxury industry has been strongly affected by the rapid evolution of digital technology and the internet. The use of the internet and the new digital technologies has contributed to the growth of the market and its different sectors. This meant an advantage for others, but for the luxury sector, it has been a challenge and the adaptation process slow. The online participation in certain cases incipient of some brands in the sector has been directed by new consumption habits, which had an impact in the marketing and communication strategies on a managerial level. Based on a theoretical review, this paper proposes a central concept known as brand expression, from which elements involved in the phenomenon of the digital era, some significant for the development of the study, are described. The resulting relations between them, together with findings obtained in interviews of consumers in the sector, describe the reason for the adaptation in content and approach of the current strategies; that in turn sets the guidelines for continuing and future developments.
Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN) A New Technology Platform for Liquid Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis (LPOS)

Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) technology is a membrane process for molecular separation in harsh organic media. However, despite having well documented potential applications, development hurdles have hindered the widespread uptake of OSN technology. One of the most promising areas of application is as an iterative synthesis platform, for instance for oligonucleotides or peptides, where a thorough purification step is required after each synthesis cycle, preferably in the same working solvent. In this work, we report a process development study for liquid phase oligonucleotide synthesis (LPOS) using OSN technology. Oligonucleotide (oligo) based drugs are being advanced as a new generation of therapeutics functioning at the protein expression level. Currently, over 100 oligo based drugs are undergoing clinical trials, suggesting that it will soon be necessary to produce oligos at a scale of metric tons per year. However, there are as yet no synthesis platforms that can manufacture oligos at >10 kg b.
Conversion of adenine to 5 amino 4 pyrimidinylimidazole caused by acetyl capping during solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis.
Venue: Bioorganic medicinal chemistry letters

The acetyl capping reaction used throughout solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis is meant to minimize n 1 deletionmer impurities by terminating sequences that fail to couple to a phosphoramidite. However, the reaction is also responsible for the formation of a number of impurities. One capping related impurity has an additional mass of 98amu from the parent oligonucleotide. The n+98 amu impurity was found to result from modification of an adenine nucleobase. The structure of the impurity was determined by preparation of an oligonucleotide enriched in n+98 amu, enzymatic digestion to individual nucleosides, isolation of the pure nucleoside+98 amu species, crystallization, and X ray crystallographic analysis. The n+98 amu impurity is an oligonucleotide in which one adenine residue has been converted to 5 amino 4 pyrimidinylimidazole. The mechanism of formation of the impurity was investigated, and a mechanism is proposed.
An Adaptive Similarity Search in Massive Datasets
Venue: Trans. Large Scale Data Knowl. Centered Syst.

Similarity search is an important task engaging in different fields of studies as well as in various application domains. The era of big data, however, has been posing challenges on existing information systems in general and on similarity search in particular. Aiming at large scale data processing, we propose an adaptive similarity search in massive datasets with MapReduce. Additionally, our proposed scheme is both applicable and adaptable to popular similarity search cases such as pairwise similarity, search by example, range queries, and k Nearest Neighbour queries. Moreover, we embed our collaborative refinements to effectively minimize irrelevant data objects as well as unnecessary computations. Furthermore, we experience our proposed methods with the two different document models known as shingles and terms. Last but not least, we conduct intensive empirical experiments not only to verify these methods themselves but also to compare them with a previous related work on real datasets. The results, after all, confirm the effectiveness of our proposed methods and show that they outperform the previous work in terms of query processing.
Dialogue, Argumentation and Education: History, Theory and Practice

New pedagogical visions and technological developments have brought argumentation to the fore of educational practice. Whereas students previously 'learned to 'argue' they now 'argue to learn' collaborative argumentation based learning has become a popular and valuable pedagogical technique, across a variety of tasks and disciplines. Researchers have explored the conditions under which arguing to learn is successful, have described some of its learning potentials (such as for conceptual change and reflexive learning) and have developed Internet based tools to support such learning. However, the further advancement of this field presently faces several problems, which the present book addresses. Three dimensions of analysis historical, theoretical and empirical are integrated throughout the book. Given the nature of its object of study dialogue, interaction, argumentation, learning and teaching the book is resolutely multidisciplinary, drawing on research on learning in educational and psychological sciences, as well as on philosophical and linguistic theories of dialogue and argumentation.