nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reproducing GW150914: the first observation of gravitational waves from a binary black hole merger
Venue: Physical review letters

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational wave strain of 1.0x10( 21) It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched filter signal to noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1s. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410( 180)+160) Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09( 0.04)+0.03) In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36( 4)+5)M and 29( 4)+4)M, and the final black hole mass is 62( 4)+4)M, with 3.0( 0.5)+0.5)Mc(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.
Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational wave strain of 1.0 x 10 21. It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched filter signal to noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1s. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410th160 180 Mpc corresponding to a redshift z 1/4 0.09th0.03 0.04 In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36th5 4M and 29th4 4M, and the final black hole mass is 62th4 4M, with 3.0th0.5 0.5Mc radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.
Intra articular facet joint injections for low back pain: a systematic review
Venue: European Spine Journal

Evidence supporting the use of therapeutic intra articular facet joint injections for patients with suspected facet joint pain is sparse. A systematic review including a narrative synthesis was carried out to determine if intra articular facet joint injections with active drug are more effective in reducing back pain and back pain related disability than a sham procedure or a placebo/inactive injection. Secondly, to determine if intra articular facet joint injections with active drug or placebo/inactive injection are more effective in reducing back pain and back pain related disability than conservative treatment.MethodsMedline, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Index to Chiropractic Literature and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception through April 2015. Data were screened and single extraction with independent verification and risk of bias assessment was performed. total of 391 records were screened, and six trials were included. The trials included were small (range 18 109 participants) and overall in terms of pain and disability outcomes most were inconclusive. Only two of the trials report any significant between group differences in pain (mean difference 1.0, 95 CI 2.0 to 0.1) and (p 0.032) or disability (mean difference 3.0, 95 CI 6.2 to 0.2) and (p 0.013) outcomes. studies found here were clinically diverse and precluded any meta analysis. A number of methodological issues were identified. The positive results, whilst interpreted with caution, do suggest that there is a need for further high quality work in this area.
Examining the Factor Structure of the 39 Item and 15 Item Versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Before and After Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for People With Recurrent Depression
Venue: Psychological assessment

Research into the effectiveness and mechanisms of mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) requires reliable and valid measures of mindfulness. The 39 item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ 39) is a measure of mindfulness commonly used to assess change before and after MBIs. However, the stability and invariance of the FFMQ factor structure have not yet been tested before and after an MBI; pre to post comparisons may not be valid if the structure changes over this period. Our primary aim was to examine the factor structure of the FFMQ 39 before and after mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in adults with recurrent depression in remission using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Additionally, we examined whether the factor structure of the 15 item version (FFMQ 15) was consistent with that of the FFMQ 39, and whether it was stable over MBCT. Our secondary aim was to assess the general psychometric properties of both versions. CFAs showed that pre MBCT, a 4 factor hierarchical model (excluding the "observing" facet) best fit the FFMQ 39 and FFMQ 15 data, whereas post MBCT, a 5 factor hierarchical model best fit the data for both versions. Configural invariance across the time points was not supported for both versions. Internal consistency and sensitivity to change were adequate for both versions. Both FFMQ versions did not differ significantly from each other in terms of convergent validity. Researchers should consider excluding the Observing subscale from comparisons of total scale/subscale scores before and after mindfulness interventions. Current findings support the use of the FFMQ 15 as an alternative measure in research where briefer forms are needed.
Performance simulation and comparision in High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) communications systems under PSK, DPSK, QAM FSK modulation schemes and AWGN, Rician Rayleigh communication channels
Venue: 2016 IEEE 7th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON)

This paper contemplates the examination by simulation of a digital narrow band communication system for a situation which incorporates of a High Altitude aeronautical/ spacecraft Platform generally known as (HAP) and fixed/ mobile terrestrial transceivers under different modulation schemes and different communication channels. The aeronautical channel is designed considering geometrical (angle of elevation vs. horizontal distance of the terrestrial reflectors) and statistical arguments. Following these conditions, a serial concatenated coded digital transmission is scrutinized for some presumptions related to radio electric coverage areas. Various flaws that can influence the signal strength are investigated in this specific case. We have investigated this case under most common digital modulation schemes which are PSK, DPSK, QAM and FSK and three basic channel types to design the aeronautical channel. To evaluate the channels performance, we used Specific Bit Error Rate (BER) against Signal to Noise ratio per bit (Eb/No) The outcomes show a good feasibility for the proposed and analyzed communication system.
Neural Language Processing in Adolescent First Language Learners: Longitudinal Case Studies in American Sign Language.
Venue: Cerebral cortex

One key question in neurolinguistics is the extent to which the neural processing system for language requires linguistic experience during early life to develop fully. We conducted a longitudinal anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography (aMEG) analysis of lexico semantic processing in 2 deaf adolescents who had no sustained language input until 14 years of age, when they became fully immersed in American Sign Language. After 2 to 3 years of language, the adolescents' neural responses to signed words were highly atypical, localizing mainly to right dorsal frontoparietal regions and often responding more strongly to semantically primed words (Ferjan Ramirez N, Leonard MK, Torres C, Hatrak M, Halgren E, Mayberry RI. 2014. Neural language processing in adolescent first language learners. Cereb Cortex. 24 (10) 2772 2783) Here, we show that after an additional 15 months of language experience, the adolescents' neural responses remained atypical in terms of polarity. While their responses to less familiar signed words still showed atypical localization patterns, the localization of responses to highly familiar signed words became more concentrated in the left perisylvian language network. Our findings suggest that the timing of language experience affects the organization of neural language processing; however, even in adolescence, language representation in the human brain continues to evolve with experience.
"Doing good while doing well" An investigation of Generation Y's intention to invest socially responsibly

The purpose of this study is to investigate behavioral factors influencing investment intentions.  A descriptive quantitative study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire with a total of 121 respondents.  The results of the study indicated that Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Perceived Consumer Effectiveness are positively related to Intention to Invest. Attitude and Perceived Risk did not reach statistical significance and no conclusions could therefore be drawn regarding the concepts.  The greatest limitation of the study is that it measures intention and not actual behavior which could be of more value, both from a theoretical and managerial perspective. The implication of the study is that it contributes to the Socially Responsible Investment literature from the intentional perspective and that it considers Generation Y, two aspects that have previously been neglected. The study further provides companies operating in SRI industry with a framework to use when acquiring customers within Generation Y.  As recent Socially Responsible Investment research has focused almost exclusively on financial performance this study offers value in that it instead explains behavioral factors influencing the Intention to Invest. It further focuses on Generation Y which is the upcoming generation when it comes to investing that has to a large extent been neglected in the SRI literature.
Single image super resolution via internal gradient similarity
Venue: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent.

A novel super resolution (SR) method based on internal gradient similarity.A detailed investigation on constructing images from gradients.Study on internal and external statistics (general and class specific) for image SR.High quality results compared with other state of the art SR algorithms. Image super resolution aims to reconstruct a high resolution image from one or multiple low resolution images which is an essential operation in a variety of applications. Due to the inherent ambiguity for super resolution, it is a challenging task to reconstruct clear, artifacts free edges while still preserving rich and natural textures. In this paper, we propose a novel, straightforward, and effective single image super resolution method based on internal across scale gradient similarity. The low resolution gradients are first upsampled and then fed into an optimization framework to construct the final high resolution output. The proposed approach is able to synthesize natural high frequency texture details and maintain clean edges even under large scaling factors. Experimental results demonstrate that out method outperforms existing single image super resolution techniques. We further evaluate the super resolution performance when both internal statistics and external statistics are adopted. It is demonstrated that generally, internal statistics are sufficient for single image super resolution.
Effects and mechanisms of Bazhen decoction, Siwu decoction, and Sijunzi decoction on 5 fluorouracil induced anemia in mice.

To investigate the effects of Bazhen decoction (BZD) Siwu decoction (SWD) and Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) in mice with anemia induced by 5 fluorouracil (5 FU) and discussed the possible pharmacological hematopoietic mechanism to provide experimental evidence for the clinical use of the three classical prescriptions in the treatment of anemia.  Anemia was induced by intravenous injection of 5 FU and 80 female Kunming mice were randomly, assigned to oral administration of SWD, SJZD, or BZD daily for 10 days. Peripheral blood cells count and bone marrow cell cycle were monitored to evaluate anti anemia effects. Serum cytokines, interferon g (IFN g) interleukin 3 (IL 3) erythropoietin (EPO) granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM CSF) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) were assayed. EPO mRNA expression was assayed in kidney and liver tissue homogenates.  BZD and SWD significantly increased the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit, promoted bone marrow cells to enter the cell cycle, proliferate and differentiate, significantly increased IL 3 secretion, and significantly inhibited IFN g secretion. BZD stimulated transcription of EPO mRNA in the kidney and liver and enhanced serum EPO expression. A therapeutic effect of SJZD was not observed.  BZD and SWD treatment specifically enhanced hematopoietic function and mediated myelopoiesis by altering serum cytokines levels and accelerating entry of bone marrow cells into the cell cycle. Better curative effects were achieved via nourishing both Qi and blood (BZD) than by enriching the blood (SWD) or invigorating Qi (SWZD) alone.
Entrepreneurial motives and their antecedents of men and women in North Africa and the Middle East

This study aims to investigate how educational attainment and entrepreneurial competencies affect entrepreneurial motives of women (vs men) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) This study shows that education has a more positive effect on women's entrepreneurial motives compared with men. On the other hand, there is a greater positive effect of competencies on men's motives. Moreover, the moderating effects of culture are compared. The results of the multiple regression analysis show that, within the MENA region, the cultural value of self expressionism engenders increased opportunity motivated entrepreneurship by men. Yet, it has no significant effect on women's entrepreneurial motives.  This study analyses survey data using multiple regression analysis, relationship between independent variables, educational attainment and entrepreneurial competencies, as well as culture, and the dependent variable, entrepreneurial motivation. The present study focuses on data records concerning 13 MENA countries, notably, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. The sample includes early stage and established female entrepreneurs, a total of 1,551 respondents, for all countries for the entire period.  Entrepreneurs with higher levels of education and competencies are more likely to exploit market opportunities. However, effects from educational attainments and competencies are significantly stronger for men. Moreover, the increasing introduction of liberal or post modern values in MENA societies has significant effects on men but no effect on women, suggesting that men tend to benefit much more than women in the Arab world with regards to their entrepreneurial behaviour.  The study is one of the few attempts to clarify the relationship between individual factors, here represented by education and competencies, and environmental factors, here represented by culture (post modern values) and entrepreneurial motivation. Moreover, it addresses the MENA region, which is a politically and economically important and challenging environment, and which, to date, has received relatively little attention in entrepreneurship research.
Effects of Maternal Chromium Restriction on the Long Term Programming in MAPK Signaling Pathway of Lipid Metabolism in Mice
Venue: Nutrients

It is now broadly accepted that the nutritional environment in early life is a key factor in susceptibility to metabolic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of maternal chromium restriction in vivo on the modulation of lipid metabolism and the mechanisms involved in this process. Sixteen pregnant C57BL mice were randomly divided into two dietary treatments: a control (C) diet group and a low chromium (L) diet group. The diet treatment was maintained through gestation and lactation period. After weaning, some of the pups continued with either the control diet or low chromium diet (CC or LL) whereas other pups switched to another diet (CL or LC) At 32 weeks of age, serum lipid metabolism, proinflammatory indexes, oxidative stress and anti oxidant markers, and DNA methylation status in adipose tissue were measured. The results indicated that the maternal low chromium diet increased body weight, fat pad weight, serum triglyceride (TG) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) tumor necrosis factor a (TNF a) malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) There was a decrease in serum reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio at 32 weeks of age in female offspring. From adipose tissue, we identified 1214 individual hypomethylated CpG sites and 411 individual hypermethylated CpG sites in the LC group when compared to the CC group. Pathway analysis of the differential methylation genes revealed a significant increase in hypomethylated genes in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in the LC group. Our study highlights the importance of the MAPK signaling pathway in epigenetic changes involved in the lipid metabolism of the offspring from chromium restricted dams.
The need for multivocal literature reviews in software engineering: complementing systematic literature reviews with grey literature
Venue: EASE

Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR) may not provide insight into the "state of the practice" in SE, as they do not typically include the "grey" (non published) literature. A Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) is a form of a SLR which includes grey literature in addition to the published (formal) literature. Only a few MLRs have been published in SE so far. We aim at raising the awareness for MLRs in SE by addressing two research questions (RQs) (1) What types of knowledge are missed when a SLR does not include the multivocal literature in a SE field? and (2) What do we, as a community, gain when we include the multivocal literature and conduct MLRs? To answer these RQs, we sample a few example SLRs and MLRs and identify the missing and the gained knowledge due to excluding or including the grey literature. We find that (1) grey literature can give substantial benefits in certain areas of SE, and that (2) the inclusion of grey literature brings forward certain challenges as evidence in them is often experience and opinion based. Given these conflicting viewpoints, the authors are planning to prepare systematic guidelines for performing MLRs in SE.
Leadership competences of sustainable construction project managers

The building industry has been acknowledged as being vital in stimulating societal change toward sustainable development in a global context. From a theoretical perspective, this study extends leadership competencies and transformational leadership qualities as hierarchical, reflective constructs, integrating ten associated components. The research analysis was completed using a sample population of 70 project managers in sustainable building projects. The model shows that leadership competencies, as well as the transformational leadership qualities of project managers as second order reflective constructs experience a direct impact on the success criteria for sustainable buildings. In addition, the results indicate that the intellectual competence of project managers plays the most significant role in sustainable building achievements. In general, the present study extends some of the significant components from leadership assessment in the context of construction project managers in sustainable building projects and has generated a new model to facilitate the process of sustainability in the industry.
Leadership Quality for Malaysia Construction Leader to Steer a Success Construction Project

Issues that dominate the construction industry for the long time such as time overrun, cost overrun, quality of construction and also safety during the construction process are difficult to resolve because of several factors involved which amongst them are leadership quality in the industry. Solving these issues can make the industry more sustainable in nature. This paper presents the need of leadership quality among construction parties involved to steer a construction project successfully. Literature work found that 11 leadership qualities to ensure construction project success. From the frequency analysis, five most dominant leadership qualities are team building, communication skill, visioning, planning strategy skill, and decision making. Beside the literature, this study also seeks an opinion from a senior leader of a successful construction company regarding the need of these qualities amongst parties to resolve the construction issues. The results from an interview session indicate that he fully agreed with the need of all the qualities in the construction industry. This shows that there is a strong relationship between solving the issues with the leadership quality in ensuring construction project success. These qualities should be further investigated to acquire a better representation of leadership quality in resolving construction issues for Malaysia construction industry.
The Articulated Alar Rim Graft: Reengineering the Conventional Alar Rim Graft for Improved Contour and Support.
Venue: Facial plastic surgery FPS

Surgical refinement of the wide nasal tip is challenging. Achieving an attractive, slender, and functional tip complex without destabilizing the lower nasal sidewall or deforming the contracture prone alar rim is a formidable task. Excisional refinement techniques that rely upon incremental weakening of wide lower lateral cartilages (LLC) often destabilize the tip complex and distort tip contour. Initial destabilization of the LLC is usually further exacerbated by "shrink wrap" contracture, which often leads to progressive cephalic retraction of the alar margin. The result is a misshapen tip complex accentuated by a conspicuous and highly objectionable nostril deformity that is often very difficult to treat. The "articulated" alar rim graft (AARG) is a modification of the conventional rim graft that improves treatment of secondary alar rim deformities, including postsurgical alar retraction (PSAR) Unlike the conventional alar rim graft, the AARG is sutured to the underlying tip complex to provide direct stationary support to the alar margin, thereby enhancing graft efficacy. When used in conjunction with a well designed septal extension graft (SEG) to stabilize the central tip complex, lateral crural tensioning (LCT) to tighten the lower nasal sidewalls and minimize soft tissue laxity, and lysis of scar adhesions to unfurl the retracted and scarred nasal lining, the AARG can eliminate PSAR in a majority of patients. The AARG is also highly effective for prophylaxis against alar retraction and in the treatment of most other contour abnormalities involving the alar margin. Moreover, the AARG requires comparatively little graft material, and complications are rare. We present a retrospective series of 47 consecutive patients treated with the triad of AARG, SEG, and LCT for prophylaxis and/or treatment of alar rim deformities. Outcomes were favorable in nearly all patients, and no complications were observed. We conclude the AARG is a simple and effective method for avoiding and correcting most alar rim deformities.