nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and demolition waste generation rates for high rise buildings in Malaysia
Venue: Waste management research the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

Construction and demolition waste continues to sharply increase in step with the economic growth of less developed countries. Though the construction industry is large, it is composed of small firms with individual waste management practices, often leading to the deleterious environmental outcomes. Quantifying construction and demolition waste generation allows policy makers and stakeholders to understand the true internal and external costs of construction, providing a necessary foundation for waste management planning that may overcome deleterious environmental outcomes and may be both economically and environmentally optimal. This study offers a theoretical method for estimating the construction and demolition project waste generation rate by utilising available data, including waste disposal truck size and number, and waste volume and composition. This method is proposed as a less burdensome and more broadly applicable alternative, in contrast to waste estimation by on site hand sorting and weighing. The developed method is applied to 11 projects across Malaysia as the case study. This study quantifies waste generation rate and illustrates the construction method in influencing the waste generation rate, estimating that the conventional construction method has a waste generation rate of 9.88 t 100 m 2, the mixed construction method has a waste generation rate of 3.29 t 100 m 2, and demolition projects have a waste generation rate of 104.28 t 100 m 2.
Evaluation of the economic feasibility of a processing plant for steelmaking slag
Venue: Waste management research the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

The utilisation of steelmaking slag as recycled aggregate for concretes is a widely investigated solution for mitigating the expenditure and environmental impacts of its storage. The Brazilian steel industry is investing in research and slag reprocessing practices, aiming to reuse most of its metallic fraction and properly allocate the non metallic fraction, saving energy and reducing mining impacts. Research results demonstrate the technical and environmental feasibility of steel slag aggregates for civil construction. However, it is essential to evaluate whether the processing of the slag is economically feasible for this purpose. Economic analysis of the processing of steel slag was conducted through simulation Monte Carlo method in which it is possible to determine the risks and uncertainties inherent to the project. The costs that comprise the proposed project, from design through construction and operation itself, were estimated at US$2.8 million. The result of the simulation indicates economic feasibility of the project with 98% certainty, and an estimated profit of around 42%
Poker Players With Experience and Skill Are Not 'Ill' Exposing a Discrepancy in Measures of Problem Gambling

Many studies suggest that in poker, amount of money wagered and time spent playing are prominent predictors of problem gambling. These observations are in discord with anecdotal and empirical evidence. Due to the skill component inherent in poker, active players who play for long hours attempting to make a profit sometimes by wagering large amounts of money might be labeled as problem gamblers despite having high levels of well being and financial stability. In three online correlative studies, we assessed the associations between poker experience, problem gambling (as indicated by the South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS] and the Problem Gambling Severity Index [PGSI] and various measures of social and emotional well being, self control and emotion regulation. Problem gambling severity predicts reduced well being and self control, increased social anomie, and detrimental emotion regulation. Experienced poker players exhibited high problem gambling severity, but none of the adverse consequences thereof. Thus, a discrepancy was exposed concerning the validity of SOGS and PGSI. We conclude that these measures may not be valid in assessing problematic/detrimental gambling in poker playing populations, especially in the case of experienced players, who play for long hours in order to make money. The concepts of problem gambling and poker experience should be disentangled.
Online and live regular poker players: Do they differ in impulsive sensation seeking and gambling practice?
Venue: Journal of behavioral addictions

Online gambling appears to have special features, such as anonymity, speed of play and permanent availability, which may contribute to the facilitation and increase in gambling practice, potentially leading to problem gambling. The aims of this study were to assess sociodemographic characteristics, gambling practice and impulsive sensation seeking among a population of regular poker players with different levels of gambling intensity and to compare online and live players.  245 regular poker players (180 online players and 65 live players) completed online self report scales assessing sociodemographic data, pathological gambling (SOGS) gambling practice (poker questionnaire) and impulsive sensation seeking (ImpSS) We used SOGS scores to rank players according to the intensity of their gambling practice (non pathological gamblers, problem gamblers and pathological gamblers)  All poker players displayed a particular sociodemographic profile: they were more likely to be young men, executives or students, mostly single and working full time. Online players played significantly more often whereas live players reported significantly longer gambling sessions. Sensation seeking was high across all groups, whereas impulsivity significantly distinguished players according to the intensity of gambling.  Our results show the specific profile of poker players. Both impulsivity and sensation seeking seem to be involved in pathological gambling, but playing different roles. Sensation seeking may determine interest in poker whereas impulsivity may be involved in pathological gambling development and maintenance.  This study opens up new research perspectives and insights into preventive and treatment actions for pathological poker players.
Phosphorylation of CaMKII in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus plays an important role in sleep wake regulation
Venue: Journal of neurochemistry

The Ca2+ modulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) plays an important role in sleep wake regulation. Calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is an important signal transducing molecule that is activated by Ca2+ This study investigated the effects of intracellular Ca2+/CaMKII signaling in the DRN on sleep wake states in rats. Maximum and minimum CaMKII phosphorylation was detected at Zeitgeber time 21 (ZT 21; wakefulness state) and ZT 3 (sleep state) respectively, across the light dark rhythm in the DRN in rats. Six hour sleep deprivation significantly reduced CaMKII phosphorylation in the DRN. Microinjection of the CAMKII activation inhibitor KN 93 (5 or 10 nmol) into the DRN suppressed wakefulness and enhanced rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non REM sleep (NREMS) Application of a high dose of KN 93 (10 nmol) increased slow wave sleep (SWS) time, SWS bouts, the mean duration of SWS, the percentage of SWS relative to total sleep, and delta power density during NREMS. Microinjection of CaCl2 (50 nmol) in the DRN increased CaMKII phosphorylation and decreased NREMS, SWS, and REMS. KN 93 abolished the inhibitory effects of CaCl2 on NREMS, SWS, and REMS. These data indicate a novel wake promoting and sleep suppressing role for the Ca2+/CaMKII signaling pathway in DRN neurons.
Ca2+ in the dorsal raphe nucleus promotes wakefulness via endogenous sleep wake regulating pathway in the rats
Venue: Molecular Brain

Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are involved in the control of sleep wake states. Our previous studies have indicated that calcium (Ca2+ modulation in the DRN plays an important role in rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non REMS (NREMS) regulation during pentobarbital hypnosis. The present study investigated the effects of Ca2+ in the DRN on sleep wake regulation and the related neuronal mechanism in freely moving rats. Our results showed that microinjection of CaCl2 (25 or 50 nmol) in the DRN promoted wakefulness and suppressed NREMS including slow wave sleep and REMS in freely moving rats. Application of CaCl2 (25 or 50 nmol) in the DRN significantly increased serotonin in the DRN and hypothalamus, and noradrenaline in the locus coeruleus and hypothalamus. Immunohistochemistry study indicated that application of CaCl2 (25 or 50 nmol) in the DRN significantly increased c Fos expression ratio in wake promoting neurons including serotonergic neurons in the DRN, noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, and orxinergic neurons in the perifornical nucleus, but decreased c Fos expression ratio of GABAergic sleep promoting neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. These results suggest that Ca2+ in the DRN exert arousal effects via up regulating serotonergic functions in the endogenous sleep wake regulating pathways.
Nitrate quantification: recent insights into enzyme based methods

Nitrate monitoring of environmental samples is essential to safeguard human and environmental health. Various non enzymatic methods such as Griess reaction based chemical method; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; chromatographic, electrochemical and optical sensors yield reproducible results but suffer from drawbacks such as use of hazardous chemicals, interference from coexistent anions, and bulky and expensive instrumentation and hence are not favored for routine analysis. On the other hand, nitrate reductase (NR) based methods are simple, sensitive, specific, environment friendly, easy to carry out, and, therefore, suitable for routine analysis. NR in these methods is employed in both free (in commercially available kits) and immobilized form. In comparison to the native NR, immobilized NR shows better activity and stability accompanied by overall reduction in the cost of the method. The review gives a brief account of non enzymatic nitrate quantification, whereas recent advances in enzyme based determination have been explored in more detail.
Helminth infections and gut microbiota a feline perspective
Venue: Parasites Vectors

BackgroundInvestigations of the relationships between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes are attracting growing interest by the scientific community, driven by the need to better understand the contribution of parasite associated changes in the composition of the gut flora to both host malnutrition and immune modulation. These studies have however been carried out mainly in humans and experimental animals, while knowledge of the make up of the gut commensal flora in presence or absence of infection by parasitic nematodes in domestic animals is limited. In this study, we investigate the qualitative and quantitative impact that infections by a widespread parasite of cats (i.e. Toxocara cati) exert on the gut microbiota of feline hosts.MethodsThe faecal microbiota of cats with patent infection by T. cati Tc+ as well as that of negative controls Tc was examined via high throughput sequencing of the V3 V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, followed by bioinformatics and biostatistical analyses of sequence data. total of 2,325,366 useable high quality sequences were generated from the faecal samples analysed in this study and subjected to further bioinformatics analyses, which led to the identification of 128 OTUs and nine bacterial phyla, respectively. The phylum Firmicutes was predominant in all samples analysed (mean of 53.0% followed by the phyla Proteobacteria (13.8% Actinobacteria (13.7% and Bacteroidetes (10.1% Among others, bacteria of the order Lactobacillales, the family Enterococcaceae and genera Enterococcus and Dorea showed a trend towards increased abundance in Tc+ compared with Tc samples, while no significant differences in OTU richness and diversity were recorded between Tc+ and Tc samples (P 0.485 and P 0.581, respectively) However, Canonical Correlation and Redundancy Analyses were able to separate samples by infection status (P 0.030 and P 0.015, respectively) which suggests a correlation between the latter and the composition of the feline faecal microbiota.ConclusionsIn spite of the relatively small number of samples analysed, subtle differences in the composition of the gut microbiota of Tc+ vs Tc cats could be identified, some of which in accordance with current data from humans and laboratory animal hosts. Nevertheless, the findings from this study contribute valuable knowledge to the yet little explored area of parasite microbiota interactions in domestic animals.
What's new about new media? How multi channel networks work with content creators

With the rise and rapid proliferation of digital and online marketing, increased cord cutting by consumers, and new content being created online, Internet based advertising is the single fastest growing ad expenditure category, outstripping TV, radio, and other more traditional media formats. With the rise of new media and the increased content creation, the ability of content creators to manage and guide their brand has become more important than ever. This article investigates one such mechanism for managing the new media phenomenon, the Multi Channel Network (MCN) model. An MCN is any entity or organization which either partners with content creators or directly produces a variety of distinctive content and works to perform business and marketing functions on the platform in which said content is released. This article investigates the MCN phenomena as it specifically addresses the needs of content creators in the new prosumptive consumer culture that helps inform and create new media content. It highlights strategies for managing and navigating the new media and MCN domain.
Couches minces d'oxydes pyroelectriques epitaxiees sur Si pour la recuperation d'energie thermique

Les systemes de recuperation d'energie sont prometteurs pour l'auto alimentation des dispositifs integres. Les materiaux pyroelectriques couplant un changement de temperature a un changement de polarisation electrique peuvent etre utilises pour la conversion de l'energie thermique en energie electrique sans necessite de maintien de gradients thermiques qui constitue un inconvenient majeur dans les modules thermoelectriques compacts. Dans cette these, le PbZro.52Tio.48O3 (PZT) et le BaxSr1 xTiUO3 (x l et x 0.7) a fort coefficients pyroelectriques, sont choisis, elabores en couches minces epitaxiees, caracterises pour etudier leur potentiel de recuperation d'energie thermique. Ce travail comporte deux aspects le premier consiste au developpement et l'optimisation des conditions de croissance des heterostructures integrees et epitaxiees sur silicium. Le deuxieme est focalise sur l'etude des proprietes fonctionnelles (ferroelectriques, dielectriques et pyroelectriques) et a l' estimation du pouvoir de recuperation d'energie principalement des couches de PZT. Une correlation entre ces deux aspects est ainsi presente. Un changement de la structure cristalline est montre sur les empilements integres sur Si, en comparaison avec des structures equivalentes realisees sur substrat de STO. L'impact de ceci a ete directement constate sur les proprietes fonctionnelles des couches heteroepitaxiees de PZT. Ainsi une anisotropie importante de ces proprietes a pu etre mise en evidence, en completant cette etude par des mesures dans le plan a l'aide de peignes interdigites. Ces observations ont ete coherentes avec les mesures de la diffraction des rayons X en fonction de la temperature. Par ailleurs, les differentes methodes et configurations de mesures du coefficient pyroelectrique sur PZT ont permis une meilleure comprehension du phenomene et la distinction des diverses contributions existantes. La mesure statique indirecte issue de la variation de la polarisation remanente en fonction de la temperature renseigne sur l'effet pyroelectrique intrinseque (et secondaire) Cependant les mesures dynamiques du courant pyroelectrique pendant un changement de la temperature contiennent toutes les contributions pyroelectriques et non pyroelectriques, comme les effets extrinseques et le courant de relaxation. Des mesures pyroelectriques dynamiques sous champ electrique, se rapprochant des conditions de cycles de recuperation d'energie thermique, ont permis de montrer que des courants de conduction apparaissaient meme pour des bonnes couches de PZT dielectriques epaisses. Ces courants masquent les courants pyroelectriques et rendent l'application de generateur electrique par cycles thermodynamiques sous champ electrique redhibitoire. Des composants passifs n'utilisant pas ou peu de champs electriques tels que des capteurs devront plutot etre envisagees.
Essays in banking and corporate finance

This dissertation is made of three distinct chapters. The first chapter examines the causal link between banks' syndicated loan supply and non financial firms' campaign contributions for US elections during the 2007 2008 financial crisis. The results indicate that a 10% decrease in loan supply of a given firm by its pre crisis relationship lenders during the early crisis period leads to a 9% increase in firm's campaign contributions in 2008. Further, firms' level of past campaign contributions is positively associated with favorable loan terms for the future. The findings lend support to the idea that campaign contributions are an investment in political capital rather than merely a form of consumption good. The second chapter identifies the effect of banks' industry exposures prior to market entry on the output growth of manufacturing sectors through US bank entry deregulations. The findings indicate that the larger the discrepancy in specialization in an industry between a state pair, the higher the impact of banking integration on the growth of that sector in the state that is less specialized. The last chapter examines whether banking integration across regions has any impact on the market for corporate control between them. The results show that there are more M&As and divestitures across state pairs whose banking systems have experienced a higher integration, compared to state pairs with no such integration. The findings in the last two chapters indicate a banking channel that shapes the states' industrial landscape.
Corporate governance determinants of firm performance: empirical evidence from banking, finance and insurance companies in Sri Lanka

This study examines the relationships between corporate governance attributes on firm performance of listed financial sector companies in Sri Lanka. Empirical analysis focused on 56 companies registered in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) covering the industries of banking, finance and insurance for the years 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. The study used Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method to analyze the data. The study finds that relationship between corporate governance and firm performance are not strong. Board size, proportion of independent directors and the proportion of female directors have not significant relationship with performance measures. But board effectiveness has a significant positive relationship with ROE. This study enables to companies to evaluate and restructuring of their board to enhance the performance of the company while contributing to the economic development of the country. Findings of prior study are more focused to the developed countries. This study fills that research gap and contribute to the present literature on corporate governance in the industries of banking finance and insurance.
Instabilities in oblique shock wave/laminar boundary layer interactions
Venue: Journal of Fluid Mechanics

The interaction of an oblique shock wave and a laminar boundary layer developing over a flat plate is investigated by means of numerical simulation and global linear stability analysis. Under the selected flow conditions (free stream Mach numbers, Reynolds numbers and shock wave angles) the incoming boundary layer undergoes separation due to the adverse pressure gradient. For a wide range of flow parameters, the oblique shock wave/boundary layer interaction (OSWBLI) is seen to be globally stable. We show that the onset of two dimensional large scale structures is generated by selective noise amplification that is described for each frequency, in a linear framework, by wave packet trains composed of several global modes. A detailed analysis of both the eigenspectrum and eigenfunctions gives some insight into the relationship between spatial scales (shape and localization) and frequencies. In particular, OSWBLI exhibits a universal behaviour. The lowest frequencies correspond to structures mainly located near the separated shock that emit radiation in the form of Mach waves and are scaled by the interaction length. The medium frequencies are associated with structures mainly localized in the shear layer and are scaled by the displacement thickness at the impact. The linear process by which OSWBLI selects frequencies is analysed by means of the global resolvent. It shows that unsteadiness are mainly associated with instabilities arising from the shear layer. For the lower frequency range, there is no particular selectivity in a linear framework. Two dimensional numerical simulations show that the linear behaviour is modified for moderate forcing amplitudes by nonlinear mechanisms leading to a significant amplification of low frequencies. Finally, based on the present results, we draw some hypotheses concerning the onset of unsteadiness observed in shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions.
Mobilizing preconsciousness social messages: A mixed research on teaching staff Bilinc oncesi sosyal mesajlarin harekete gecirilmesi: Ogretim elemanlari uzerine karma arastirma

The purpose of the study is to reveal whether the preconscious messages which are given as social messages to teaching staff, will cause any change in their physical activity habits. And to suggest social marketing strategies which are required to be developed in that direction. The mixed research method and triangulation model were both used in the study. The teaching staff of AIBU Golkoy Campus were the main mass and the study was conducted around 15th January 2015 25th May 2015. Convenience sampling method was utilized from non random sampling methods. According to findings of mix research, "both experimental and control groups had awareness on physical activity and they were both affected to valuate themselves on physical activity levels" were concluded. Beside these, another major conclusion was; the preconscious messages which are given to affect control groups' physical activity habits had negative impact on control group. Ozet Calismanin amaci, ogretim elemanlarina sosyal mesaj olarak verilen bilinc oncesi mesajlarin fiziksel aktivite aliskanliklari uzerinde degisim yaratip yaratmayacagini ortaya koymak, bu yonde gerekli sosyal pazarlama stratejilerinin gelistirilmesinde onerilerde bulunmaktir. Arastirmada, karma arastirma yontemi ve cesitleme modelinden yararlanilmistir. Arastirmada tesadufi olmayan ornekleme yontemlerinden, kolayda ornekleme yontemi kullanilmistir. Arastirma AIBU Golkoy Yerleskesi'nde 15 Ocak 2015 25 Mayis 2015 tarihlerinde yurutulmustur. Uygulanan karma arastirma yontemi sonucunda hem deney, hem kontrol grubu icin fiziksel aktivite konusunda farkindalik ve katilimcilarin kendilerini fiziksel aktivite duzeyleri konusunda degerlendirmeleri acisindan etki yarattigi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Onemli bir diger sonuc da bilinc oncesi mesajlarin fiziksel aktivite aliskanligini etkileme boyutunda deney grubu uzerinde negatif etki yarattigidir.