nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Disaster issues in non utilitarian consequentialism (ethics of social consequences)1

The ethics of social consequences is a means of satisficing non utilitarian consequentialism that can be used to approach disaster issues. The primary values in the ethics of social consequences are humanity, human dignity and moral rights, and these are developed and realized to achieve positive social consequences. The secondary values found in the ethics of social consequences include justice, responsibility, moral duty and tolerance. Their role and purpose is given by their ability to help achieve and realize moral good. Fair treatment within moral issues stems from applying primary as well as secondary values. The nature of these values cannot be determined exclusively in ordinary circumstances. However, in extraordinary circumstances (disasters) not all the requirements relating to the value structure of the ethics of social consequences need be considered in its entirety. In extraordinary circumstances, values are prioritised and realized. Primary values are realized prior to secondary ones. When prioritizing primary values, the realization of positive social consequences, or at least minimizing the negative social consequences, takes priority over other primary values. In disaster bioethics especially, it is often necessary to find a way to minimize the negative social consequences; thus, actions where positive social consequences are prevalent are preferred.
Production Networks and Varieties of Institutional Change: The Inequality Upswing in Post Socialism Revisited

In this article, we elucidate two new mechanisms for the rise in earnings inequality during post socialist transition. First, the integration of transition country firms into globalized production networks (GPNs) should increase inequality independent of foreign direct investment (FDI) Second, because EU integration hastened the transition from Soviet era labor market practices, the distributional effects of private markets and world economic integration should be larger among acceding countries. A longitudinal analysis of Gini coefficients among sixteen transition countries from 1991 to 2009 supports these interventions: GPN integration increases inequality independent of FDI, and both private markets and world economic integration have stronger effects in EU transition countries. These results are robust to a host of alternative explanations, to varying operationalizations of the labor market effects of EU integration, and to alternative estimators. Through counterfactual analysis, we show that inequality would have increased less dramatically in the absence of EU integration.
The relationship among storytelling, values, and resilience of college students from Eastern and Western cultural backgrounds

Accumulating evidence suggests that storytelling may be related to personal values and provide an important role in promoting resilience. Western (American and German) and Eastern (Chinese and Vietnamese) college students (total n 845) were asked to respond to survey items on two predictors (storytelling experiences and value preferences) and the outcome resilience. Correlational analysis established significant relationships among storytelling, values, and resilience. The t test comparisons of Eastern vs. Western mean scores indicated significant cultural differences for storytelling and values, but not resilience. Structural equation modeling found a significant path from storytelling through values to resilience. The final model revealed that college students of Western countries who reported having significant childhood experiences of storytelling preferred openness to change values such as Benevolence, Self direction, and Stimulation. The results were discussed in terms of the conceptual context.
Design and Evaluation of Automatic Workflow Scaling Algorithms for Multi tenant SaaS
Venue: CLOSER

Current Cloud software development efforts to come up with novel Software as a Service (SaaS) applications are, just like traditional software development, usually no longer built from scratch. Instead more and more Cloud developers are opting to use multiple existing components and integrate them in their application workflow. Scaling the resulting application up or down, depending on user/tenant load, in order to keep the SLA, no longer becomes an issue of scaling resources for a single service, rather results in a complex problem of scaling all individual service endpoints in the workflow, depending on their monitored runtime behavior. In this paper, we propose and evaluate algorithms through CloudSim for automatic and runtime scaling of such multi tenant SaaS workflows. Our results on time varying workloads show that the proposed algorithms are effective and produce the best cost quality trade off while keeping Service Level Agreements (SLAs) in line. Empirically, the proactive algorithm with careful parameter tuning always meets the SLAs while only suffering a marginal increase in average cost per service component of 5 8% over our baseline passive algorithm, which, although provides the least cost, suffers from prolonged violation of service component SLAs.
Design of Software as a Service (SaaS) for regional data service: Case study: Statistics Indonesia
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI)

Data has a strategic role in planning, evaluating, making decisions, and formulating policy. Various data supplying that appropriate with the potential of each region was conducted by the Statistics Indonesia (BPS) in each of those region. Service engineering efort needs to be done to improve the quality of data services in every regional BPS. In order to implement the services easily in every regional BPS then the service was delivered in the form of Software as a Service (SaaS) Service engineering and SaaS development, each has its own method. So, this study is to combine service engineering method with SaaS development method.
a MHC MitoTimer mouse: In vivo mitochondrial turnover model reveals remarkable mitochondrial heterogeneity in the heart
Venue: Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology

In order to maintain an efficient, energy producing network in the heart, dysfunctional mitochondria are cleared through the mechanism of autophagy, which is closely linked with mitochondrial biogenesis; these, together with fusion and fission comprise a crucial process known as mitochondrial turnover. Until recently, the lack of molecular tools and methods available to researchers has impeded in vivo investigations of turnover. To investigate the process at the level of a single mitochondrion, our laboratory has developed the MitoTimer protein. Timer is a mutant of DsRed fluorescent protein characterized by transition from green fluorescence to a more stable red conformation over 48 h, and its rate of maturation is stable under physiological conditions. We fused the Timer cDNA with the inner mitochondrial membrane signal sequence and placed it under the control of a cardiac restricted promoter. This construct was used to create the alpha MHC MitoTimer mice. Surprisingly, initial analysis of the hearts from these mice demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity in the ratio of red to green fluorescence of MitoTimer in cardiac tissue. Further, scattered solitary mitochondria within cardiomyocytes display a much higher red to green fluorescence (red shifted) relative to other mitochondria in the cell, implying a block in import of newly synthesized MitoTimer likely due to lower membrane potential. These red shifted mitochondria may represent older, senescent mitochondria. Concurrently, the cardiomyocytes also contain a subpopulation of mitochondria that display a lower red to green fluorescence (green shifted) relative to other mitochondria, indicative of germinal mitochondria that are actively engaged in import of newly synthesized mito targeted proteins. These mitochondria can be isolated and sorted from the heart by flow cytometry for further analysis. Initial studies suggest that these mice represent an elegant tool for the investigation of mitochondrial turnover in the heart.
Laser Linewidth Measurement Based on Amplitude Difference Comparison of Coherent Envelope
Venue: IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

We present an amplitude difference comparison of coherent envelope method for accurately measuring the laser linewidth. The new method of comparing the contrast difference of the second peak and trough of coherent envelope to determine the laser linewidth is proved to be stable and has little error. The feasibility and the accuracy of the method have been confirmed theoretically and experimentally. Our method based on short delayed self heterodyne interferometer can almost ignore the influence of the broadening spectrum induced by the 1/f frequency noise. Therefore, the method has the advantage of accurate detection for narrow or ultra narrow linewidth.
Synthesis of pyrrolidinone derivatives from aniline, an aldehyde and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in an ethanolic citric acid solution under ultrasound irradiation

The ultrasound promoted one pot multicomponent synthesis of substituted 3 pyrrolin 2 ones using citric acid as a green additive in a green solvent is reported. Citric acid catalyzed the reaction efficiently without the need for any other harmful organic reagents. Clean reaction profile, easy work up procedure, excellent yields and short reaction times are some remarkable features of this method. The utilization of ultrasound irradiation makes this method potentially very useful, fast, clean and convenient.
Influence of citric acid on the properties and stability of starch polycaprolactone based films

The influence of citric acid (CA) on structural and physicochemical properties of blend films based on corn starch and polycaprolactone (PCL) was studied. Films were obtained by melt blending of starch and PCL and compression molding. Phase separation of polymers observed by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope was reduced by CA incorporation. CA affected both starch and PCL crystallization as deduced from the X ray diffraction patterns and values of melting enthalpy. Glass transition of starch was reduced by PCL incorporation, while this occurred to a greater extent in films containing CA. Obtained results point to enhanced interactions between PCL and starch chains in films with CA, although this only quantitatively benefits the film properties at a low PCL ratio. Compounding starch with small amounts of PCL, using glycerol and CA, can supply films with better functional properties than net starch films.
Effect of EDTA, EDDS, NTA and citric acid on electrokinetic remediation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn contaminated dredged marine sediment
Venue: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

In recent years, electrokinetic (EK) remediation method has been widely considered to remove metal pollutants from contaminated dredged sediments. Chelating agents are used as electrolyte solutions to increase metal mobility. This study aims to investigate heavy metal (HM) (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) mobility by assessing the effect of different chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or citric acid (CA) in enhancing EK remediation efficiency. The results show that, for the same concentration (0.1 mol L 1) EDTA is more suitable to enhance removal of Ni (52.8 Pb (60.1 and Zn (34.9 EDDS provides effectiveness to increase Cu removal efficiency (52 while EDTA and EDDS have a similar enhancement removal effect on As EK remediation (30.5~31.3 CA is more suitable to enhance Cd removal (40.2 Similar Cr removal efficiency was provided by EK remediation tests (35.6~43.5 In the migration of metal chelate complexes being directed towards the anode, metals are accumulated in the middle sections of the sediment matrix for the tests performed with EDTA, NTA and CA. But, low accumulation of metal contamination in the sediment was observed in the test using EDDS.
Exogenous Application of Citric Acid Ameliorates the Adverse Effect of Heat Stress in Tall Fescue (Lolium arundinaceum)
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

Citric acid may be involved in plant response to high temperature. The objective of this study was to investigate whether exogenous citric acid could improve heat tolerance in a cool season turfgrass species, tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) and to determine the physiological mechanisms of citric acid effects on heat stress tolerance. The grasses were subjected to four citric acid levels (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 mM) and two temperature levels (25/20 and 35/30 0.5degC, day/night) treatments in growth chambers. Heat stress increased an electrolyte leakage (EL) and malonaldehyde (MDA) content, while reduced plant growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) root activity and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD) External citric acid alleviated the detrimental effects of heat stress on tall fescue, which was evidenced by decreased EL and MDA content, and improved plant growth under stress conditions. Additionally, the reduction in Chl content, Fv/Fm, SOD, POD, CAT and root activity were ameliorated in citric acid treated plants under heat stressed conditions. High temperature induced the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes, which exhibited greater expression levels after citric acid treatment under heat stress. These results suggest that exogenous citric acid application may alleviate growth and physiological damage caused by high temperature. In addition, the exogenously applied citric acid might be responsible for maintaining membrane stability, root activity, and activation of antioxidant response and HSP genes which could contribute to the protective roles of citric acid in tall fescue responses to heat stress.
Shape memory epoxy vitrimers based on DGEBA crosslinked with dicarboxylic acids and their blends with citric acid

Thermosetting polymers were synthesized from a commercial epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, DGEBA) and tricarboxylic (citric, CA) and different dicarboxylic (sebacic, SA and glutaric, GA) acids. Crosslinking of DGEBA SA and DGEBA GA systems was achieved using excess epoxy, which was homopolymerized after all the acid groups were consumed. It was found that the properties of the material depend on the diacid length and on the excess epoxy, and with the proper formulation, vitrimers with Tg values ranging from 51 degC to 62 degC, and a high rate of stress relaxation (less than 1 h at 160 degC to achieve 63% of relaxation) could be obtained. Notably, using a mixture of tri functional CA with SA allowed a reduction in the epoxy excess while maintaining a high Tg value and faster stress relaxation. Three of the formulations were selected and their shape memory performance was studied. Good shape fixity and shape recovery ratios >99% were obtained, which indicate an overall good shape memory performance. These properties can be used to create different permanent and temporary shapes on a thermosetting polymer obtained from widely available and affordable raw materials.
Bio synthesis of citric acid from single and co culture based fermentation technology using agro wastes

Agro based materials are primarily composed of complex polysaccharides that strengthen microbial growth for the production of industrially relevant value added products. Therefore, in the present study, solid state fermentation (SSF) was carried out using agro based waste materials (apple pomace, peanut shell and a mixture of both apple pomace and peanut shell with 50:50 ratio) as carriers/support for SSF to enhance citric acid production from single and co culture consortia of Aspergillus ornatus and Alternaria alternata. During initial screening trial it was observed that growth media supplemented with apple pomace under SSF process of co culture consortia presenting the preeminent 0.46 0.42 mg/mL of citric acid. On partial optimization co culture showed the maximum citric acid yield (2.644 0.99 mg/mL) in the presence of arginine as a nutritional ingredient at 30 degC in an apple pomace based medium at 50% moisture content with pH of 5 and substrate concentration (25 g) after 48th of solid state fermentation. In conclusion, a suitable addition of fermentative substrate to the SSF medium increased fungal growth, sugar utilization and citric acid production when used in lower concentrations.
The Citrus transcription factor, CitERF13, regulates citric acid accumulation via a protein protein interaction with the vacuolar proton pump, CitVHA c4
Venue: Scientific reports

Organic acids are essential to fruit flavor. The vacuolar H+ transporting adenosine triphosphatase (V ATPase) plays an important role in organic acid transport and accumulation. However, less is known of V ATPase interacting proteins and their relationship with organic acid accumulation. The relationship between V ATPase and citric acid was investigated, using the citrus tangerine varieties 'Ordinary Ponkan (OPK) and an early maturing mutant 'Zaoshu Ponkan (ZPK) Five V ATPase genes (CitVHA) were predicted as important to citric acid accumulation. Among the genes, CitVHA c4 was observed, using a yeast two hybrid screen, to interact at the protein level with an ethylene response factor, CitERF13. This was verified using bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. A similar interaction was also observed between Arabidopsis AtERF017 (a CitERF13 homolog) and AtVHA c4 (a CitVHA c4 homolog) A synergistic effect on citric acid levels was observed between V ATPase proteins and interacting ERFs when analyzed using transient over expression in tobacco and Arabidopsis mutants. Furthermore, the transcript abundance of CitERF13 was concomitant with CitVHA c4. CitERF13 or AtERF017 over expression leads to significant citric acid accumulation. This accumulation was abolished in an AtVHA c4 mutant background. ERF VHA interactions appear to be involved in citric acid accumulation, which was observed in both citrus and Arabidopsis.
Thermal Crosslinking of Maltodextrin and Citric Acid. Methodology to Control the Polycondensation Reaction under Processing Conditions

This paper presents an affordable methodology for the analysis of the crosslinking, by polycondensation reaction, between maltodextrin and citric acid under thermal processing. This methodology is based on three complementary analytical techniques: Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and rheometry. FTIR has been found to be a powerful technique for the characterization of both the esterification reaction and other non covalent interactions between maltodextrin and citric acid. TGA has been mainly applied to quantify the progress of the polycondensation reaction. Rheometry has been extensively used to understand the crosslink formation resulting from the polycondensation process between maltodextrin and citric acid, allowing the determination of the gel time. Furthermore, these techniques have revealed added value when used as complementary techniques. For instance, the FTIR results supported the conclusions from the study of polycondensation reaction progress by TGA. Similarly, the TGA results about the polycondensation reaction temperature are consistent with the rheology study. Overall, the insightfulness and accuracy of the methodology presented in this paper make it very useful as a tool to optimize industrial processing of materials which apply binding systems based on maltodextrin and citric acid.
Phenotypes of gene disruptants in relation to a putative mitochondrial malate citrate shuttle protein in citric acid producing Aspergillus niger
Venue: Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

The mitochondrial citrate transport protein (CTP) functions as a malate citrate shuttle catalyzing the exchange of citrate plus a proton for malate between mitochondria and cytosol across the inner mitochondrial membrane in higher eukaryotic organisms. In this study, for functional analysis, we cloned the gene encoding putative CTP (ctpA) of citric acid producing Aspergillus niger WU 2223L. The gene ctpA encodes a polypeptide consisting 296 amino acids conserved active residues required for citrate transport function. Only in early log phase, the ctpA disruptant DCTPA 1 showed growth delay, and the amount of citric acid produced by strain DCTPA 1 was smaller than that by parental strain WU 2223L. These results indicate that the CTPA affects growth and thereby citric acid metabolism of A. niger changes, especially in early log phase, but not citric acid producing period. This is the first report showing that disruption of ctpA causes changes of phenotypes in relation to citric acid production in A. niger. Graphical abstract Disruption of the gene encoding the citrate transport protein (CTPA, i.e. malate citrate shuttle protein) affects the phenotype of Aspergillus niger.
The human olfactory transcriptome
Venue: BMC Genomics

BackgroundOlfaction is a versatile sensory mechanism for detecting thousands of volatile odorants. Although molecular basis of odorant signaling is relatively well understood considerable gaps remain in the complete charting of all relevant gene products. To address this challenge, we applied RNAseq to four well characterized human olfactory epithelial samples and compared the results to novel and published mouse olfactory epithelium as well as 16 human control tissues.ResultsWe identified 194 non olfactory receptor (OR) genes that are overexpressed in human olfactory tissues vs. controls. The highest overexpression is seen for lipocalins and bactericidal/permeability increasing (BPI) fold proteins, which in other species include secreted odorant carriers. Mouse human discordance in orthologous lipocalin expression suggests different mammalian evolutionary paths in this family.Of the overexpressed genes 36 have documented olfactory function while for 158 there is little or no previous such functional evidence. The latter group includes GPCRs, neuropeptides, solute carriers, transcription factors and biotransformation enzymes. Many of them may be indirectly implicated in sensory function, and ~70 are over expressed also in mouse olfactory epithelium, corroborating their olfactory role.Nearly 90 of the intact OR repertoire, and ~60 of the OR pseudogenes are expressed in the olfactory epithelium, with the latter showing a 3 fold lower expression. ORs transcription levels show a 1000 fold inter paralog variation, as well as significant inter individual differences. We assembled 160 transcripts representing 100 intact OR genes. These include 1 4 short 5' non coding exons with considerable alternative splicing and long last exons that contain the coding region and 3' untranslated region of highly variable length. Notably, we identified 10 ORs with an intact open reading frame but with seemingly non functional transcripts, suggesting a yet unreported OR pseudogenization mechanism. Analysis of the OR upstream regions indicated an enrichment of the homeobox family transcription factor binding sites and a consensus localization of a specific transcription factor binding site subfamily (Olf/EBF).ConclusionsWe provide an overview of expression levels of ORs and auxiliary genes in human olfactory epithelium. This forms a transcriptomic view of the entire OR repertoire, and reveals a large number of over expressed uncharacterized human non receptor genes, providing a platform for future discovery.