nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflective learning in higher education: a qualitative study on students' perceptions

This article presents the results of a study aimed at determining the perceptions of students participating in reflective learning (RL) experiences at the University of Girona (Spain) specifically regarding the benefits and challenges of this methodology. Four focus groups were organized with students who had participated in RL experiences on four different undergraduate degree courses: nursing, environmental sciences, psychology and social education. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The study shows that students think RL contributes to a better understanding of themselves, their learning and their motivation to learn. Identified challenges were related primarily to understanding the aims of the experience, the degree of personal openness and the system of assessment. The study also provides some guidelines and orientation for improving experiences of undergraduate training based on RL.
Critical event recognition: An extended view of reflective learning

This inductive case study extends existing reflective learning theory by introducing the concept of critical event recognition. We define this as the cognitive process through which individuals conclude that they are facing a critical learning point that demands a change of thoughts and actions. Extant theory has described reflection and learning as processes of interaction among an individual's various experiences and has emphasized that critical events are important for these processes. Yet, theory has largely ignored how learners develop task specific cognitions from such critical events when they lack previous task specific experiences to which they can relate the reflection. This study proposes an extended perspective on reflective learning by shedding light on event recognition and by illustrating how cognitive development may progress when the individual has little prior experience with which to integrate the reflection from critical events.
Uncovering student learning profiles with a video annotation tool: reflective learning with and without instructional norms

This study explores the types of learning profiles that evolve from student use of video annotation software for reflective learning. The data traces from student use of the software were analysed across four undergraduate courses with differing instructional conditions. That is, the use of graded or non graded self reflective annotations. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, four profiles of students emerged: minimalists, task oriented, disenchanted, and intensive users. Students enrolled in one of the courses where grading of the video annotation software was present, were exposed to either another graded course (annotations graded) or non graded course (annotations not graded) in their following semester of study. Further analysis revealed that in the presence of external factors (i.e. grading) more students fell within the task oriented and intensive clusters. However, when the external factor is removed, most students exhibited the disenchanted and minimalist learning behaviors. The findings provide insight into how students engage with the different features of a video annotation tool when there are graded or non graded annotations and, most importantly, that having experience with one course where there are external factors influencing students' use of the tool is not sufficient to sustain their learning behaviour in subsequent courses where the external factor is removed.
Effects of Core Stabilization Exercise in Subacute Non Specific Low Back Pain: Pilot Study

This randomized controlled trial aimed to examine effects of core stabilization exercise (CSE) in subacute non specific low back pain. Sample size was participants were women aged 18 60 years with low back pain duration between 6 12 weeks. Participants were divided into two groups, an exercise group (n=10) and a control group (n=10) Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to compare differences between groups for outcome measures. Results found that the exercise group showed significantly reductions in pain intensity score and disability score than control group P 0.05) at the 4 th and the 7 th week of intervention.
Language Matters: Race, Trust, and Outcomes in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Venue: Pediatric emergency care

Trust in physicians and health care system has been positively associated with health care outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among race, ethnicity, language, trust, and health care outcomes.  This prospective cross sectional study took place in the pediatric emergency department of an intercity hospital. English and Spanish speaking guardians were asked to complete a demographic survey, the Pediatric Trust in Physicians Scale, and the Group Based Medical Mistrust Scale.  Four hundred seventy five parents were surveyed, of which 21.35% identified as white, 35.05% as African American, and 53.26% as Hispanic; with respect to language: 88% English speaking and 12% Spanish speaking. No significant difference was seen in trust scores for sex, ethnicity, or religious affiliation. Non Hispanics and English speakers demonstrated an overall higher trust in their physician. English speaking participants were found to have higher percentages in all measured emergency department variables compared to Spanish speakers, including admittance (9.09% and 0.93% respectively) as well as receiving interventions (42.34% and 5.53% respectively)  Our study shows that race and ethnicity influence trust and mistrust as well as actual health care outcomes. Interestingly, language barrier proved to be one of the greatest causes of health care disparities. Therefore, more research is needed to find a way to bridge the increasing language barrier between physicians and patients.
A Controlled Trial Using Natural Language Processing to Examine the Language of Suicidal Adolescents in the Emergency Department.
Venue: Suicide life threatening behavior

What adolescents say when they think about or attempt suicide influences the medical care they receive. Mental health professionals use teenagers' words, actions, and gestures to gain insight into their emotional state and to prescribe what they believe to be optimal care. This prescription is often inconsistent among caregivers, however, and leads to varying outcomes. This variation could be reduced by applying machine learning as an aid in clinical decision support. We designed a prospective clinical trial to test the hypothesis that machine learning methods can discriminate between the conversation of suicidal and nonsuicidal individuals. Using semisupervised machine learning methods, the conversations of 30 suicidal adolescents and 30 matched controls were recorded and analyzed. The results show that the machines accurately distinguished between suicidal and nonsuicidal teenagers.
First principles study of the elastic and thermodynamic properties of thorium hydrides at high pressure*

The high pressure behaviors of Th4H15 and ThH2 are investigated by using the first principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) From the energy volume relations, the bct phase of ThH2 is more stable than the fcc phase at ambient conditions. At high pressure, the bct ThH2 and bcc Th4H15 phases are more brittle than they are at ambient pressure from the calculated elastic constants and the Poisson ratio. The thermodynamic stability of the bct phase ThH2 is determined from the calculated phonon dispersion. In the pressure domain of interest, the phonon dispersions of bcc Th4H15 and bct ThH2 are positive, indicating the dynamical stability of these two phases, while the fcc ThH2 is unstable. The thermodynamic properties including the lattice vibration energy, entropy, and specific heat are predicted for these stable phases. The vibrational free energy decreases with the increase of the temperature, and the entropy and the heat capacity are proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure. As the pressure increases, the resistance to the external pressure is strengthened for Th4H15 and ThH2.
How Much Should We Trust Estimates from Multiplicative Interaction Models? Simple Tools to Improve Empirical Practice

Multiplicative interaction models are widely used in social science to test whether the relationship between an outcome and an independent variable changes with a moderating variable. Current empirical practice overlooks two important problems. First, these models assume a linear interaction effect that changes at a constant rate with the moderator. Second, reliably estimating the conditional effects of the independent variable at all values of the moderator requires sufficient common support. Replicating nearly 50 interaction effects from 22 recent publications in five top political science journals, we find that these core assumptions fail in a majority of cases, suggesting that a large portion of findings across all subfields based on interaction models are modeling artifacts or are at best highly model dependent. We propose simple diagnostics to assess the validity of these assumptions and offer flexible estimation strategies that allow for nonlinear interaction effects and safeguard against excessive extrapolation.
The linked of attitude, subjective norms, trust, knowledge and intention to use halal cosmetic products among students: a case of public university in Malaysia

Malaysia has taken serious approach towards developing Halal products since 2009 and Halal cosmetic products will be next thing in the Halal industry that needs to be taken seriously. The Islamic Development Department (JAKIM) had controlled the Halal certifications and it must comply with the Malaysia standard MS 2200; 2008. This certification must be made known to the customers and users.This study aims to examine the relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, trust, knowledge and desire or intention of the user in using Halal cosmetic products. The respondents of this study were 327 students in public university that being selected randomly. The data were analysed using Descriptive Analysis, Pearson Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis by SPSS Version 20. The results showed that all variables can affect the desire or intention to use Halal products among consumers significantly.Even so, between five independent variables, the attitude has the highest regression.The study also show a positive relationship between the variables, which means increasing attitude will lead to an increase in desire or intention users and vice versa.For example, if the user has a positive attitude towards the desire to use Halal products, consequently the desire in order to use Halal cosmetic will be increased.
A histogram based method for efficient detection of rewriting attacks in simple object access protocol messages
Venue: Secur. Commun. Networks

In order to secure the content of simple object access protocol SOAP messages in Web services, several security standards of Web service security, such as XML digital signature, are used. However, the content of a SOAP message, protected with XML digital signature, can be altered without invalidating the signature. Existing methods for detecting XML rewriting attacks are inefficient because the cost of performing detection operation is linear to the height of the SOAP message tree. Thus, each element of SOAP message needs to be accessed and checked. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for detecting XML rewriting attacks on SOAP messages using a histogram. With our method, once the source of attacks is identified, we save it in the form of a histogram, which enables us to maintain a statistical information about the location of the attack in the SOAP message. We can use this information to detect attacks in the future and thus avoid unnecessary check of all elements in the SOAP message. Experiments show that our methods outperform existing methods by several times in many cases.
TTIP and Public Procurement: Going Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg

Trade negotiations involving international public procurement rules are on the rise, stimulating a growing interest in having a clear picture of the economic stakes involved, including the current level of international openness. A recent paper published by the European Centre for International Political Economy (Messerlin, 2016) made an attempt to provide a range of estimates for the EU and the US and found relatively low rates of import penetration. This analytical approach, however, looked only at the 'tip of the procurement iceberg' as the data used covered primarily only one modality of international procurement (direct cross border) which is not the main avenue for international government procurement. Other modalities, such as procurement from foreign subsidiaries established in Europe, account for much more. Such an approach therefore ignores the main modalities through which foreign firms win EU contracts. Once these other main procurement modalities are taken into account, EU openness in procurement is much higher. Comparable data across all modalities do not yet exist for the US, but we do have clear evidence that the US has introduced the largest number of protectionist procurement measures since 2008 affecting all modalities for international procurement.Against this background, this Policy Brief makes four basic points:i. Public procurement is a key area of trade negotiations, and TTIP is no exception to this rule.ii. The existing levels of openness in procurement markets need to be assessed across all three main procurement modalities and not based only on direct cross border procurement, which is not the main procurement avenue. According to this comprehensive metric, the EU market already has a high foreign participation rate, including by US companies.iii. Unfortunately, similar data do not exist for the US market. But there is growing evidence of discriminatory measures introduced in recent years, which impede the ability of EU firms to compete on a level playing field in US procurement markets.iv. The importance of procurement as a key negotiating area requires better data and a greater analytical engagement.
A STUDY ON THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THAI STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH SPEAKING AT BOARDING HOUSE

Keyword Problem, Learning, Speaking Speaking is the verbal use of language to communicate with each others and one of productive skills that should be mastered by learner in learning English, because it covers many elements such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, fluency, etc. In relation to that reason, the writer conducted a study about the problems faced by Thai students in learning English at boarding house. This study is focused to answer these three following research problems: First, what problems are faced by Thai students in learning speaking? Second, what are the causes of the problems are faced by Thai students? Third, how do the Thai students cope with their problems in learning English speaking? The research design used in this study was descritive qualitative research design, the data were obtained through the interview and observation. The research involved 4 Thai students where now in the last semester as the subject of this study. The result of the research showed that the Thai students had problems in relation with inhibition, nothing to say, mother tongue used, low or uneven in participation, and speech act. Furthermore, the result of this study also followed with the solution of the problems. The problems of inhibition was coped by being well prepared. The problem of nothing to say was coped by drilling themselves creatively. The problem of mother tongue use was coped by having more confidence to speak English. The problem of low or uneven in participation was coped by memorizing more vocabularies and studied about tenses in order to make their speaking better. Last, to cope with the speech act problems they tried to remembered, practiced new vocabularies and drilling their pronunciation and studied more about grammar
Mental Health Diagnostic Considerations in Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth
Venue: Journal of child and family studies

Misdiagnoses of racial/ethnic minority youth's mental health problems can potentially contribute to inappropriate mental health care. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review that focuses on current theory and empirical research in an attempt to answer the following two questions: (1) What evidence exists that supports or contradicts the idea that racial/ethnic minority youth's mental health problems are misdiagnosed? (2) What are the sources of misdiagnoses? Articles were reviewed from 1967 to 2014 using PsychINFO, PubMed, and GoogleScholar. Search terms included "race" "ethnicity" "minority" "culture" "children" "youth" "adolescents" "mental health" "psychopathology" "diagnosis" "misdiagnosis" "miscategorization" "underdiagnosis" and "overdiagnosis" Seventy two articles and book chapters met criteria and were included in this review. Overall, evidence was found that supports the possibility of misdiagnosis of ethnic minority youth's emotional and behavioral problems. However, the evidence is limited such that it cannot be determined whether racial/ethnic differences are due to differences in psychopathology, mental health biases, and/or inaccurate diagnoses. Cultural and contextual factors that may influence misdiagnosis as well as recommendations for research and practice are discussed.
First Report of the Morphology and rDNA Sequences of Two Pseudopolydora Species (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan
Venue: Zoological Science

The morphology of two Pseudopolydora species, P. cf. reticulata Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000 and P. achaeta Radashevsky and Hsieh, 2000 are reported from Japan for the first time. Pseudopolydora cf. reticulata was collected from Japanese tidal flats, and individuals possess the characteristic netlike pigmentation on the dorsum of anterior chaetigers and the longitudinal black band along midline of caruncle. Pseudopolydora achaeta was collected from subtidal bottom mud of Onagawa Bay, and individuals have distinctive characteristics, such as intensive black pigmentation on dorsal and ventral sides of the anterior body and nearly straight vertical rows of major spines on the fifth chaetiger. The morphology of P. cf. reticulata is very similar to that of P. cf. kempi, with which it had been confused in Japan. We analyzed the 18S and 28S rRNA gene sequences of all five Pseudopolydora species recorded from Japan and found strong evidence that they are genetically distinct. Our analysis also suggests that boring polydorids have evolved among non boring ones; the genus Pseudopolydora, which mostly shows the non boring form, appears to have remained in a more ancestral condition.
CHANGES IN ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF APPLE FILLLINGS AFTER THERMAL PROCESSING AND 6 MONTH STORAGE OCUVANJE AKTIVNOSTI

The goal of the study was to determine the effect of thermal treatment and 6 months storage on antioxidant activity and chemical composition of heat stable apple fillings. The aim was fully accomplished by analyzing apple fillings prepared in laboratory conditions under atmospheric pressure from aseptic apple puree (45 in a wide range of soluble solids and with different amounts of inulin and pectin according to the planned 2 factorial design with added central point. A correlation between antioxidant capacity evaluated by 2.2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH0) assay and other chemical parameters of apple fillings such as water activity, pH, total polyphenols, 5 hydroxymethylfurfural content and non enzymatic browning index were reported in the study. Antioxidant activity and the total polyphenols were directly correlated with each other (p<0.05) and manifested a decrease with increasing the total soluble solids content of apple fillings.
A first principles study on the phonon transport in layered BiCuOSe
Venue: Scientific reports

First principles calculations are employed to investigate the phonon transport of BiCuOSe. Our calculations reproduce the lattice thermal conductivity of BiCuOSe. The calculated gruneisen parameter is 2.4 2.6 at room temperature, a fairly large value indicating a strong anharmonicity in BiCuOSe, which leads to its ultralow lattice thermal conductivity. The contribution to total thermal conductivity from high frequency optical phonons, which are mostly contributed by the vibrations of O atoms, is larger than 1/3, remarkably different from the usual picture with very little contribution from high frequency optical phonons. Our calculations show that both the high group velocities and low scattering processes involved make the high frequency optical modes contribute considerably to the total lattice thermal conductivity. In addition, we show that the sound velocity and bulk modulus along a and c axes exhibit strong anisotropy, which results in the anisotropic thermal conductivity in BiCuOSe.
Anisotropy in lattice thermal conductivity tensor of bulk hexagonal MT2 (M W, Mo and T S and Se) by first principles phonon calculations

Using the phonon spectra obtained from first principles calculations, and a modified empirical phonon phonon Umklapp scattering expression at high temperature, the anisotropy in thermal conductivity is investigated for four semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. Our calculations confirm that the anisotropic thermal conductivity in H MT2 phases is mainly caused by strong directional dependence of phonon dispersions in a layered crystal. The heavy molecular mass can further increase the anisotropic feature of thermal properties. Acoustic phonon bands play dominate role in total thermal conductivity. It is found that longitudinal acoustic phonon band along provides at least 50% of total heat conductance. Contributions from remaining optical phonons are usually less than 1% Thermal conductivities in [100] and [001] directions are calculated, and they are compared with other experimental and theoretical results. Our current method underestimates the intrinsic thermal conductivity. However, the large anisotropy in thermal conductivity is successfully captured by this simple and efficient approach.
Reliability of Raman measurements of thermal conductivity of single layer graphene due to selective electron phonon coupling: A first principles study

Ajit K. Vallabhaneni,1,2 Dhruv Singh,3 Hua Bao,4 Jayathi Murthy,5,2 and Xiulin Ruan1,2, 1School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue, University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 2BIRCK Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 3Process Technology Modeling, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, Oregon 97124, USA 4University of Michigan Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA (Received 3 May 2015; revised manuscript received 20 January 2016;
Phonons in bulk and monolayer HfS2 and possibility of phonon mediated superconductivity: A first principles study

Using density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) with Born effective charges included, we calculate in detail the phonons of bulk and monolayer HfS2. Our calculated phonon frequencies and LO TO splitting agree well with experimental data. The variation of phonon frequencies from bulk to monolayer can be accounted for in terms of the delicate balance of the long and short range force constants. The ultimate strength under biaxial tensile strain is explored for the first time. Monolayer HfS2 can suffer only no more than 6% tensile strain. Our important finding is that the phonon gap appears when goes to single layer from bulk and can be tuned by biaxial tension. By analysing the Eliashberg function we conclude that HfS2 cannot turn to superconductivity by electron phonon interaction.