nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The S stamp in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Safely Eliminates Upside down Graft Implantation.
Venue: Ophthalmology

To present 6 month clinical outcomes from a series of 165 consecutive Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) procedures before and after the introduction of a novel stromal sided S stamp preparation technique that has decreased the incidence of iatrogenic primary graft failure by eliminating upside down grafts.  Retrospective nonrandomized comparative case series.  We included 165 consecutive eyes that had undergone DMEK surgery for Fuchs' or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. These cases were divided into 2 cohorts: the first cohort comprised 31 cases that used unstamped tissue before the S stamp was introduced, and the second cohort comprised 133 cases after the S stamp was incorporated into the standardized technique. A single unstamped DMEK case was performed after the introduction of the S stamp for a total of 32 unstamped cases.  Donor materials were prepared at a single eye bank using a standardized technique, which subsequently incorporated the addition of a dry ink gentian violet S stamp to the stromal side of Descemet membrane. All surgeries were performed at a single clinical site by 5 surgeons (2 attending surgeons and 3 fellows) Two of the 165 DMEK cases were performed for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (2 cases, 1 in each cohort) and the remaining cases were for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. Primary outcome measures were assessed at 6 months and maintained in a prospective institutional review board approved study.  We analyzed the 6 month endothelial cell density, incidence of iatrogenic primary graft failure, upside down graft implantation, and rebubble events.  The S stamp eliminated upside down graft implantations (0/133 S stamped vs 3/32 unstamped) and did not significantly alter 6 month endothelial cell loss (31+ 17% S stamped vs 29+ 14% unstamped; P 0.62) or frequency of rebubble (17/133 S stamped vs 1/32 unstamped; P 0.20) CONCLUSION The incorporation of a stromal sided S stamp eliminates iatrogenic primary graft failure owing to upside down implantation of DMEK grafts, without adversely affecting early postoperative complications or 6 month endothelial cell loss.
DC STAMP: A Key Regulator in Osteoclast Differentiation
Venue: Journal of cellular physiology

Osteoimmunology research is a new emerging research field that investigates the links between the bone and immune responses. Results from osteoimmunology studies suggest that bone is not only an essential component of the musculoskeletal system, but is also actively involved in immune regulation. Many important factors involved in immune regulation also participate in bone homeostasis. Bone homeostasis is achieved by a coordinated action between bone synthesizing osteoblasts and bone degrading osteoclasts. An imbalanced action between osteoblasts and osteoclasts often results in pathological bone diseases: osteoporosis is caused by an excessive osteoclast activity, whereas osteopetrosis results from an increased osteoblast activity. This review focuses on dendritic cell specific transmembrane protein (DC STAMP) an important protein currently considered as a master regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Of clinical relevance, the frequency of circulating DC STAMP+ cells is elevated during the pathogenesis of psoriatic diseases. Intriguingly, recent results suggest that DC STAMP also plays an imperative role in bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This article summarizes our current knowledge on DC STAMP by focusing on its interacting proteins, its regulation on osteoclastogenesis related genes, its possible involvement in immunoreceptor tyrosine based inhibitory motif (ITIM) mediated signaling cascade, and its potential of developing therapeutics for clinical applications.  2016.
STAMP: Enabling Privacy Preserving Location Proofs for Mobile Users
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

Location based services are quickly becoming immensely popular. In addition to services based on users' current location, many potential services rely on users' location history, or their spatial temporal provenance. Malicious users may lie about their spatial temporal provenance without a carefully designed security system for users to prove their past locations. In this paper, we present the Spatial Temporal provenance Assurance with Mutual Proofs (STAMP) scheme. STAMP is designed for ad hoc mobile users generating location proofs for each other in a distributed setting. However, it can easily accommodate trusted mobile users and wireless access points. STAMP ensures the integrity and non transferability of the location proofs and protects users' privacy. A semi trusted Certification Authority is used to distribute cryptographic keys as well as guard users against collusion by a light weight entropy based trust evaluation approach. Our prototype implementation on the Android platform shows that STAMP is low cost in terms of computational and storage resources. Extensive simulation experiments show that our entropy based trust model is able to achieve high 0.9) collusion detection accuracy.
A Vulnerability Assessment of Fish and Invertebrates to Climate Change on the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf
Venue: PloS one

Climate change and decadal variability are impacting marine fish and invertebrate species worldwide and these impacts will continue for the foreseeable future. Quantitative approaches have been developed to examine climate impacts on productivity, abundance, and distribution of various marine fish and invertebrate species. However, it is difficult to apply these approaches to large numbers of species owing to the lack of mechanistic understanding sufficient for quantitative analyses, as well as the lack of scientific infrastructure to support these more detailed studies. Vulnerability assessments provide a framework for evaluating climate impacts over a broad range of species with existing information. These methods combine the exposure of a species to a stressor (climate change and decadal variability) and the sensitivity of species to the stressor. These two components are then combined to estimate an overall vulnerability. Quantitative data are used when available, but qualitative information and expert opinion are used when quantitative data is lacking. Here we conduct a climate vulnerability assessment on 82 fish and invertebrate species in the Northeast U.S. Shelf including exploited, forage, and protected species. We define climate vulnerability as the extent to which abundance or productivity of a species in the region could be impacted by climate change and decadal variability. We find that the overall climate vulnerability is high to very high for approximately half the species assessed; diadromous and benthic invertebrate species exhibit the greatest vulnerability. In addition, the majority of species included in the assessment have a high potential for a change in distribution in response to projected changes in climate. Negative effects of climate change are expected for approximately half of the species assessed, but some species are expected to be positively affected (e.g. increase in productivity or move into the region) These results will inform research and management activities related to understanding and adapting marine fisheries management and conservation to climate change and decadal variability.
A vulnerability paradox in the cross national prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder.
Venue: The British journal of psychiatry the journal of mental science

Determinants of cross national differences in the prevalence of mental illness are poorly understood.  To test whether national post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rates can be explained by (a) rates of exposure to trauma and (b) countries' overall cultural and socioeconomic vulnerability to adversity.  We collected general population studies on lifetime PTSD and trauma exposure, measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DSM IV) PTSD prevalence was identified for 24 countries (86 687 respondents) and exposure for 16 countries (53 038 respondents) PTSD was predicted using exposure and vulnerability data.  PTSD is related positively to exposure but negatively to country vulnerability. Together, exposure, vulnerability and their interaction explain approximately 75% of variance in the national prevalence of PTSD.  Contrary to expectations based on individual risk factors, we identified a paradox whereby greater country vulnerability is associated with a decreased, rather than increased, risk of PTSD for its citizens.
Optimal train scheduling under a flexible skip stop scheme for urban rail transit based on smartcard data
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Rail Transportation (ICIRT)

Skip stop operation is a low cost approach to improving transit operating speed. This paper proposes a new methodology to design a skip stop strategy for urban rail lines aiming to minimize total travel time while at the same time serve the maximum number of passengers in off peak hours. Different from the conventional "A/B" scheme, the proposed new scheme called the Flexible Skip Stop Scheme (FSSS) can provide more combinations of stop modes to accommodate passenger demand. The train headway is optimized, while the train capacity is taken into consideration. A Genetic Algorithm is developed to efficiently search for the optimal solution. Based on one way real passenger origin destination (O D) pairs and entry and exit time data at the stations obtained from the smartcard system, a case study on a single metro rail line in the City of Shenzhen has been conducted. Kinds of scenarios are designed, the privilege of the station which able to be skipped is limited to specific stations according to their passenger flow. Results show that the high demand station trends to achieve the optimal under the All stop scheme, while skip a low demand station would bring sizable savings for total passenger travel time. This can effectively limit the feasible solution set and reduce the computation time. In addition, tests show that the model can produce skip stop schedules that not only decrease the total passenger travel time at a given service level, but it also generates significant transit agency cost savings, while the number of skipped stations of the optimized skip stop operation scheme remains stable.
Marketing Analytics for Data Rich Environments

The authors provide a critical examination of marketing analytics methods by tracing their historical development, examining their applications to structured and unstructured data generated within or external to a firm, and reviewing their potential to support marketing decisions. The authors identify directions for new analytical research methods, addressing (1) analytics for optimizing marketing mix spending in a data rich environment, (2) analytics for personalization, and (3) analytics in the context of customers' privacy and data security. They review the implications for organizations that intend to implement big data analytics. Finally, turning to the future, the authors identify trends that will shape marketing analytics as a discipline as well as marketing analytics education.
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Application of the Inter Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP)
Venue: RFC

The Inter Chassis Communication Protocol (ICCP) supports an inter chassis redundancy mechanism that is used to support high network availability. In this document, Provider Edge (PE) devices in a Redundancy Group (RG) running ICCP are used to offer multihomed connectivity to Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) networks to improve availability of the STP networks. The ICCP TLVs and usage for the ICCP STP application are defined.
A low power carry cut back approximate adder with fixed point implementation and floating point precision
Venue: 2016 53nd ACM/EDAC/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)

This paper introduces an approximate adder architecture based on a digital quasi feedback technique called Carry CutBack in which high significance stages can cut the carry propagation chain at lower significance positions. This lightweight approach prevents activation of the critical path, improving energy efficiency while guaranteeing low worst case relative error. It offers a degree of freedom which allows to dissociate precision and dynamic range in fixed point implementation. A design methodology is presented along with results and a comparative study. For a worst case accuracy of 98 energy savings up to 44% and power delay area reductions up to 62 are demonstrated compared to low power conventional designs.
Approximate 32 bit floating point unit design with 53% power area product reduction
Venue: ESSCIRC Conference 2016: 42nd European Solid State Circuits Conference

The floating point unit is one of the most common building block in any computing system and is used for a huge number of applications. By combining two state of the art techniques of imprecise hardware, namely Gate Level Pruning and Inexact Speculative Adder, and by introducing a novel Inexact Speculative Multiplier architecture, three different approximate FPUs and one reference IEEE 754 compliant FPU have been integrated in a 65 nm CMOS process within a low power multi core processor. Silicon measurements show up to 27% power, 36% area and 53 power area product savings compared to the IEEE 754 single precision FPU. Accuracy loss has been evaluated with a high dynamic range image tone mapping algorithm, resulting in small but non visible errors with image PSNR value of 90 dB.
Animal African Trypanosomiasis: Time to Increase Focus on Clinically Relevant Parasite and Host Species.
Venue: Trends in parasitology

Animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) caused by Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax, remains one of the most important livestock diseases in sub Saharan Africa, particularly affecting cattle. Despite this, our detailed knowledge largely stems from the human pathogen Trypanosoma brucei and mouse experimental models. In the postgenomic era, the genotypic and phenotypic differences between the AAT relevant species of parasite or host and their model organism counterparts are increasingly apparent. Here, we outline the timeliness and advantages of increasing the research focus on both the clinically relevant parasite and host species, given that improved tools and resources for both have been developed in recent years. We propose that this shift of emphasis will improve our ability to efficiently develop tools to combat AAT.
Host species identity, site and time drive temperate tree phyllosphere bacterial community structure
Venue: Microbiome

BackgroundThe increasing awareness of the role of phyllosphere microbial communities in plant health calls for a greater understanding of their structure and dynamics in natural ecosystems. Since most knowledge of tree phyllosphere bacterial communities has been gathered in tropical forests, our goal was to characterize the community structure and assembly dynamics of phyllosphere epiphytic bacterial communities in temperate forests in Quebec, Canada. We targeted five dominant tree species: Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, Betula papyrifera, Abies balsamea, and Picea glauca. We collected 180 samples of phyllosphere communities on these species at four natural forest sites, three times during the growing season.ResultsHost functional traits (i.e. wood density, leaf nitrogen content) and climate variables (summer mean temperature and precipitation) were strongly correlated with community structure. We highlight three key findings: (1) temperate tree species share a "core microbiome" (2) significant evolutionary associations exist between groups of bacteria and host species; and (3) a greater part of the variation in phyllosphere bacterial community assembly is explained by host species identity (27 and species site interaction (14 than by site (11 or time (1 .ConclusionsWe demonstrated that host species identity is a stronger driver of temperate tree phyllosphere bacterial communities than site or time. Our results suggest avenues for future studies on the influence of host functional traits on phyllosphere community functional biogeography across terrestrial biomes.
Environment and host species shape the skin microbiome of captive neotropical bats
Venue: PeerJ

A wide range of microorganisms inhabit animal skin. This microbial community (microbiome) plays an important role in host defense against pathogens and disease. Bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia) are an ecologically and evolutionarily diversified group with a relatively unexplored skin microbiome. The bat skin microbiome could play a role in disease resistance, for example, to white nose syndrome (WNS) an infection which has been devastating North American bat populations. However, fundamental knowledge of the bat skin microbiome is needed before understanding its role in health and disease resistance. Captive neotropical frugivorous bats Artibeus jamaicensis and Carollia perspicillataprovide a simple controlled system in which to characterize the factors shaping the bat microbiome. Here, we aimed to determine the relative importance of habitat and host species on the bat skin microbiome.  We performed high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the skin microbiome of two different bat species living in captivity in two different habitats. In the first habitat, A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata lived together, while the second habitat contained only A. jamaicensis.  We found that both habitat and host species shape the composition and diversity of the skin microbiome, with habitat having the strongest influence. Cohabitating A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata shared more similar skin microbiomes than members of the same species (A. jamaicensis) across two habitats.  These results suggest that in captivity, the skin microbial community is homogenised by the shared environments and individual proximities of bats living together in the same habitat, at the expense of the innate host species factors. The predominant influence of habitat suggests that environmental microorganisms or pathogens might colonize bat skin. We also propose that bat populations could differ in pathogen susceptibility depending on their immediate environment and habitat.
Prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites is positively related to the abundance of host species at multiple sites within a region
Venue: Parasitology Research

Parasite prevalence is thought to be positively related to host population density owing to enhanced contagion. However, the relationship between prevalence and local abundance of multiple host species is underexplored. We surveyed birds and their haemosporidian parasites (genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) at multiple sites across eastern North America to test whether the prevalence of these parasites in a host species at a particular site is related to that host's local abundance. Prevalence was positively related to host abundance within most sites, although the effect was stronger and more consistent for Plasmodium than for Haemoproteus. In contrast, prevalence was not related to variation in the abundance of most individual host species among sites across the region. These results suggest that parasite prevalence partly reflects the relative abundances of host species in local assemblages. However, three nonnative host species had low prevalence despite being relatively abundant at one site, as predicted by the enemy release hypothesis.
THE PROCESS OF AUDIENCE INVOLVEMENT WITH THE MEDIA PERSONAE ON THE FILM OF "DESCENDANTS OF THE SUN" AMONG YOUNG FEMALE INDONESIAN VIEWERS

The brand new product of Korean Pop Culture Industry which becoming the latest part of Hallyu (Korean Wave) is a drama series called " Descendants of The Sun" The film instantly reach its popularity since aired in February 2016 and ended in April the same year. Some countries in which Descendants of The Sun gained its popularity are China, Hongkong Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. The main characters of the series also becoming the new idols or media personae for their audiences. It has been long known that idols or media personae are figures who gain popularity from their appearance in mass media have strong influence toward their audiences in which audiences are not the ordinary ones. Audiences on the other hand involve themselves with everything relating with their idols. Their involvement make the relations look like a real ones and this kind of involvement called Audience Involvement. There are four processes of Audience Involvement: Transportation, Para social interaction, Identification and Worship. This paper is based on a research which will see how the processes of Audience Involvement happen to the viewers especially those who are female viewers since they are the main audiences of Korean Drama. Therefore the methodology of this research is qualitative, and since this drama series are new therefore this research intended to give description and analysis of how the process of involvement happen among the viewers.
Latent factor model with heterogeneous similarity regularization for predicting gene disease associations
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)

The correct prediction of human genes related to diseases has been a challenge in biological research. Considering extensive gene disease data verified by biological experiments, we can apply computational methods to perform correct predictions with reduced time and expenses. On the basis of a previously designed latent factorization model (LFM) which performs well in recommender systems, we propose a latent factor model with heterogeneous similarity regularization (LFMHSR) to predict disease related genes. Various types of data, including those of humans and other related species, are used in this method. First, model I with an average heterogeneous regularization is proposed on the basis of a typical LFM. Second, model II with personal heterogeneous regularization is developed to improve the deficiency of the previous model. Data on other nonhuman species and vector space similarity or Pearson correlation coefficient metrics are also utilized in our method. Results reveal that the performance of LFMHSR is 7% more efficient than that of other existing approaches. Therefore, our proposed approach can be employed to predict novel diseases or genes with no known associations.
Succession Planning in Black Owned Family Businesses: A South African Perspective

A significant number of businesses existing in South Africa originated as family owned businesses and contribute substantially to employment creation, poverty eradication and wealth creation. However, globally the longevity of family businesses through generations remains a major cause for concern for all stakeholders. South African economy is characterised by a history of apartheid, where prior to 1994, the black majority only owned less than 5 percent of the businesses active in the economy. The economy is swiftly taking a turn and more black businesses are emerging. This study focused on understanding the factors that influence succession planning decisions in black owned family businesses. The study followed an exploratory qualitative approach, using semi structured interviews. Thirteen black family owned business owners were interviewed. The key findings showed that possible successors in family owned businesses regard the successor related factors as the predominant drivers of management succession. The successor's commitment to and interest in the business has a strong influence on decisions and criteria design across all the stages of the management succession process.