nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Unikernel Monitors: Extending Minimalism Outside of the Box
Venue: HotCloud

Recently, unikernels have emerged as an exploration of minimalist software stacks to improve the security of applications in the cloud. In this paper, we propose extending the notion of minimalism beyond an individual virtual machine to include the underlying monitor and the interface it exposes. We propose unikernel monitors. Each unikernel is bundled with a tiny, specialized monitor that only contains what the unikernel needs both in terms of interface and implementation. Unikernel monitors improve isolation through minimal interfaces, reduce complexity, and boot unikernels quickly. Our initial prototype, ukvm, is less than 5% the code size of a traditional monitor, and boots MirageOS unikernels in as little as 10ms (8x faster than a traditional monitor)
The dividend policy of real estate development companies listed on the WSE in Poland

The aim of the article is to analyze and identify the dividend policy adopted by real estate development companies listed on the WSE. The first regular dividend paid by these enti ti es was in 2007. Only 12% of real estate companies listed on the WSE regularly paid dividends. 48% of the surveyed companies declared that their priority is development and recommended due to the signifi cant investment needs, and to provide liquidity leaving their profi ts in the company. In 40% of the development companies, decisions regarding the distributi on of profi ts bear the markings of residual dividend policy. The economic situati on in the construction industry, observed in 2007 2013, was an important factor influencing the fi nancial situati on of these companies resulti ng in dividend policy decisions. Most realtor companies have taken the decision to pay dividends in the years 2008 and 2011. This means that the situati on in the previous year was an important factor infl uencing the decisions regarding the distribution of real estate development company profit.
Benchmarking for Energy Efficiency on School Buildings Design: A Review

Increased energy demand end to the world grew by 39% between 1990 to 2008 and further increased by 40% between 2007 to 2030. Energy consumption in buildings has been identified to contribute up to 40% of the total world. Through the selection of methods and the right strategy will reduce the problem of increase energy in buildings. Based on the theory of energy efficiency developed it can be achieved through three main factors; a) building design; b) services design; and c) occupant behavior. This paper aims to discuss methods to benchmark energy efficiency in school buildings use energy efficiency.
Effects of Faulty Design Phase on School Buildings Maintenance in Gaza Strip

The aim of this paper is to identify and rank the design phase faults/errors affecting on the maintenance of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA)'s school's buildings in Gaza Strip, and to propose recommendations for minimizing the future maintenance problem related to the school buildings at Gaza Strip. A survey was conducted to collect the required data were adopted in this study. This study reveals the important factors that leading to defects in the design stage which includes: lack of workshops to discuss construction problems between project parts, Inadequate QA/QC programs during design stage, Lack of auditing and archiving of approved as built drawing documents electronically after the completion the project. The study recommends several actions to improve maintenance performance of UNRWA's schools in Gaza Strip. The designer must take into account maintenance considerations during the design and supervision stages by choosing of durable materials. The UNRWA should conduct workshops or training courses for designers, supervisor, and maintenance engineers.
Hierarchical boosting for transfer learning with multi source
Venue: ICAIR CACRE '16

Transfer learning is a new research direction in the field of machine learning and has achieved good results in classification. However, it is a thorny problem to address the problem of over fitting and generalization error, and reduce negative transfer, when utilizing the old data to help a small amount of newly labeled data to construct a high quality classification model. We propose a novel transfer learning method, referred to as Hierarchical Boosting for Transfer Learning with Multi source (MHTL AdaBoost) to address over fitting and generalization error problem, and then reduce negative transfer. Specifically, the unlabeled data in the target are more helpful for transfer learning. MHTL AdaBoost makes full use of the unlabeled data for clustering and then transfers the source domain data selected to enhance classification. We combine the theories of hierarchical approach and boosting into transfer learning and reduce generalization error. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has higher classification accuracy and validate the effectiveness.
Neocortical grey matter distribution underlying voluntary, flexible vocalizations in chimpanzees
Venue: Scientific reports

Vocal learning is a key property of spoken language, which might also be present in nonhuman primate species, such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to a limited degree. While understanding the origins of vocal learning in the primate brain may help shed light on the evolution of speech and language, little is still known regarding the neurobiological correlates of vocal flexibility in nonhuman primates. The current study used voxel based morphometry (VBM) to assess whether the cerebral cortex of captive chimpanzees that learned to voluntarily produce sounds to attract the attention of a human experimenter (attention getting sounds) differs in grey matter distribution compared to chimpanzees that do not exhibit this behavior. It was found that chimpanzees that produce attention getting sounds were characterized by increased grey matter in the ventrolateral prefrontal and dorsal premotor cortices. These findings suggest that the evolution of the capacity to flexibly modulate vocal output may be associated with reorganization of regions for motor control, including orofacial movements, in the primate brain.
Simultaneous micro electromembrane extractions of anions and cations using multiple free liquid membranes and acceptor solutions.
Venue: Analytica chimica acta

Micro electromembrane extractions (m EMEs) across free liquid membranes (FLMs) were applied to simultaneous extractions of anions and cations. A transparent narrow bore polymeric tubing was filled with adjacent plugs of mL volumes of aqueous and organic solutions, which formed a stable five phase m EME system. For the simultaneous m EMEs of anions and cations, aqueous donor solution was the central phase, which was sandwiched between two organic FLMs and two aqueous acceptor solutions. On application of electric potential, anions and cations in the donor solution migrated across the two FLMs and into the two peripheral acceptor solutions in the direction of anode and cathode, respectively. Visual monitoring of anionic (tartrazine) and cationic (phenosafranine) dye confirmed their simultaneous m EMEs and their rapid (in less than 5 min) transfers into anolyte and catholyte, respectively. The concept of simultaneous m EMEs was further examined with selected model analytes; KClO4 was used for m EMEs of inorganic anions and cations and ibuprofen and procaine for m EMEs of acidic and basic drugs. Quantitative analyses of the resulting acceptor solutions were carried out by capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE C(4)D) Good extraction recoveries (91 94% and repeatability of peak areas =6.3% were achieved for 5 min m EMEs of K( and ClO4( Extraction recoveries and repeatability of peak areas for 5 min m EMEs of ibuprofen and procaine were also satisfactory and ranged from 35 to 63% and 7.6 to 11.3% respectively. Suitability of the presented micro extraction procedure was further demonstrated on simultaneous m EMEs with subsequent CE C(4)D of ibuprofen and procaine from undiluted human urine samples.
Is health care a luxury? The debate revisited with new evidence from emerging economies

This paper studies the long run relationship between health care expenditure and income using a panel data set of emerging economies over the period 1995 2012. The results show that expenditure on health care and income are non stationary and cointegrated. After controlling for cross sectional dependence and unobserved heterogeneity among different countries, we find that the income elasticity of health care is less than 1, indicating that health care is a necessity and not a luxury. Government expenditure and out of pocket expenditure turn out to be important determinants of health care expenditure. Among non monetary factors, results show that old age dependency and female education seem to have significant bearings on health care expenditures. Policy recommendations suggest that government should increase spending on health care in emerging economies since higher incomes may not automatically translate into higher health care spending by the people of these countries.
Five dimensions of brand personality traits in sport

The first purpose of this study was to elaborate upon existing critiques and return to the fundamental brand personality concept by reexamining personality trait theory (i.e. lexical approach) and the sport brand personality literature. Based on a conceptualisation of sport brand personality, the second purpose was to develop an instrument for measuring brand personality in sport based on the restricted definition that excludes non human personality traits. We adopted the lexical approach in an effort to explore the application of the HEXACO model for obtaining a set of representative personality traits (N=36) both applicable and relevant to sport brands. For the purpose of this study, a sport brandxsubject structure was utilised to find major sport brand personality dimensions. As a representative brand in sport, the National Football League was selected. Two data sets were collected from college students. The 36 sport brand personality traits were submitted to a principal axis factor analysis on the first data set (N=196) The analysis identified five factors (i.e. Agreeableness, Extraversion/Emotionality, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Honesty) that closely resemble the structure of human personality models. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that the newly developed five factor model has an acceptable fit to the second data set (N=155) This study identified that the lexical approach can provide a conceptual and methodological foundation when developing brand personality instruments.
Biochar to improve soil fertility. A review
Venue: Agronomy for Sustainable Development

Soil mineral depletion is a major issue due mainly to soil erosion and nutrient leaching. The addition of biochar is a solution because biochar has been shown to improve soil fertility, to promote plant growth, to increase crop yield, and to reduce contaminations. We review here biochar potential to improve soil fertility. The main properties of biochar are the following: high surface area with many functional groups, high nutrient content, and slow release fertilizer. We discuss the influence of feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, pH, application rates, and soil types. We review the mechanisms ruling the adsorption of nutrients by biochar.
Maize yield and soil fertility with combined use of compost and inorganic fertilizers on a calcareous soil on the North China Plain

Excessive N fertilization is a problem in the intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain. Proper N management is essential to maximize N efficiency and sustain agricultural production while minimizing negative impacts on the environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate N dynamics, maize yields and soil fertility in response to short term compost application and straw return vs. inorganic fertilization. A field experiment (2012 2014) was conducted for three years on a calcareous soil in Quzhou county, Heibei province, north China. There were four treatments: unfertilized control (T1) inorganic fertilizer (100% NPK, T2) compost (cattle wastes) 70% NPK (T3) T3 wheat straw (T4) No significant differences in biomass accumulation or N uptake among the fertilized treatments were observed across the maize growing season. Compost application for three years tended to increase grain yields particularly in the second and third years, and the average yield increase was approximately 7 15% over T2. Residual Nmin down the soil profile (1 m) in the compost treatments (T3 and T4) decreased by 50% deeper in the soil (60 100 cm depth) at the maize harvest in 2014. Compared to T2, the compost treatments significantly increased NUE and soil available P and K contents. Correlation analysis indicates that maize yield in 2014 was significantly correlated with soil available P and K and with soil organic carbon (SOC) Overall, straw return did not have a significant influence on any measured parameters in either soil or plant samples. Our results demonstrate that 30% replacement of N fertilizer by compost is an effective nutrient management strategy to maintain N uptake and yield of maize, reduce N loss and also increase soil fertility. A considerable increase in invertase activity in the compost treatments highlights that the critical importance of integrating the management of carbon and nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production in this region of highly intensive production.
Energy Efficient Resource Allocation for Wireless Power Transfer Enabled Collaborative Mobile Clouds
Venue: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

In order to fully enjoy high rate broadband multimedia services, prolonging the battery lifetime of user equipment is critical for mobile users, especially for smartphone users. In this paper, the problem of distributing cellular data via a wireless power transfer enabled collaborative mobile cloud (WeCMC) in an energy efficient manner is investigated. WeCMC is formed by a group of users who have both functionalities of information decoding and energy harvesting, and are interested for cooperating in downloading content from the operators. Through device to device communications, the users inside WeCMC are able to cooperate during the downloading procedure and offload data from the base station to other WeCMC members. When considering multi input multi output wireless channel and wireless power transfer, an efficient algorithm is presented to optimally schedule the data offloading and radio resources in order to maximize energy efficiency as well as fairness among mobile users. Specifically, the proposed framework takes energy minimization and quality of service requirement into consideration. Performance evaluations demonstrate that a significant energy saving gain can be achieved by the proposed schemes.
Designing Academic Writing Analytics for Civil Law Student Self Assessment
Venue: International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Research into the teaching and assessment of student writing shows that many students find academic writing a challenge to learn, with legal writing no exception. Improving the availability and quality of timely formative feedback is an important aim. However, the time consuming nature of assessing writing makes it impractical for instructors to provide rapid, detailed feedback on hundreds of draft texts which might be improved prior to submission. This paper describes the design of a natural language processing (NLP) tool to provide such support. We report progress in the development of a web application called AWA (Academic Writing Analytics) which has been piloted in a Civil Law degree. We describe: the underlying NLP platform and the participatory design process through which the law academic and analytics team tested and refined an existing rhetorical parser for the discipline; the user interface design and evaluation process; and feedback from students, which was broadly positive, but also identifies important issues to address. We discuss how our approach is positioned in relation to concerns regarding automated essay grading, and ways in which AWA might provide more actionable feedback to students. We conclude by considering how this design process addresses the challenge of making explicit to learners and educators the underlying mode of action in analytic devices such as our rhetorical parser, which we term algorithmic accountability.
Business process maturity models: A systematic literature review
Venue: Inf. Softw. Technol.

The number of maturity models proposed in the area of Business Process Management (BPM) has increased considerably in the last decade. However, there are a number of challenges, such as the limited empirical studies on their validation and a limited extent of actionable properties of these models in guiding their application. These challenges hinder the widespread usage of the maturity models in the BPM field.  In order to better understand the state of the research on business process maturity models (BPMMs) and identify opportunities for future research, we conducted a systematic literature review.  We searched the studies between the years 1990 and 2014 in established digital libraries to identify empirical studies of BPMMs by focusing on their development, validation, and application. We targeted studies on generic models proposed for business process maturity, business process management or orientation maturity, and selected 61 studies out of 2899 retrieved initially.  We found that despite that many BPMMs were proposed in the last decade, the level of empirical evidence that reveals the validity and usefulness of these models is scarce.  The current state of research on BPM maturity is in its early phases, and academic literature lacks methodical applications of many mainstream BPMMs that have been proposed. Future research should be directed towards: (1) reconciling existing models with a strong emphasis on prescriptive properties, (2) conducting empirical studies to demonstrate the validity and usefulness of BPMMs, and (3) separating the assessment method used to evaluate the maturity level from the maturity model which acts as the reference framework for the assessment.
Numerical simulations of soil physicochemistry and aeration influences on the external corrosion and cathodic protection design of buried pipeline steels

Corrosion of oil and gas transmission pipelines is a serious industrial problem with potentially catastrophic environmental and financial consequences. A finite element model of the external corrosion of buried steel pipelines at coating failures is developed here to better predict degradation in different soil and cathodic protection (CP) environments. Synergistic interactions between steady state temperature, potential, and oxygen concentration profiles in the soil surrounding the pipeline structure are quantified and discussed. Conductivity and oxygen diffusivity of soil conditions are represented as functions of soil matter, air porosity, and volumetric wetness. Theoretical formulations are uniquely merged with corrosion experiments conducted on actual pipeline steel samples, greatly improving simulation results. Overall, drier sand and clay soil structures cause the most corrosion, whereas wetter conditions impede oxygen diffusion and significantly augment hydrogen evolution. Geometric location of the coating breakdown site relative to the ground surface and the CP anode has a particular influence on oxygen concentration profiles and pipeline corrosion. Model convergence is tested with a mesh sensitivity study, and the model's ability in evaluating practical design changes in the CP system is demonstrated.
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Approach to the Development of Student Information Management System

It is not in doubt that good data management is essential to the success of every organization. Most instituions in Nigeria still adopts the use of Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) platform for the management of their students' information hence they graple with the enormous and overwhelming challenges facing the RDBMS technique. This paper presents the Object Oriented programming concepts in the development of the system for student data management. The research used Object oriented analysis and design (OOA&D) and Agile methodology to realise a simple and easy to manage approach to data representation, storage and retrieval. The resulting model of Students Registration System at the departmental level drastically reduced maintenance cost and increased productivity. The system generally reduced the burden of data management, report generation and presentation and hence brought efficient resources utilisation to the institutions.
Hardware implementation of cyclic codes error correction on FPGA
Venue: 2016 3rd National Foundation for Science and Technology Development Conference on Information and Computer Science (NICS)

This paper designs and implements a codec system using the Cyclic code on FPGA. The encoding system was based on the principle of dividing circuits and the decoding system was based on the principle of the Meggitt decoder. This work proposes the look up table (LUT) method for the decoding system. The implementation results from FPGA show that the proposed decoding method has exactly resulted. In addition, the proposed cyclic decoder core using the look up table method has lower resource and number of cycles compared to the cyclic decoder core using the Meggitt method.
Delayed Registration and Identifying the "Missing Girls" in China
Venue: The China Quarterly

In 2010, according to the sixth Chinese census, the sex ratio at birth (SRB) was 118 males for every 100 females. The global SRB average is about 105. Thus, the gap between 118 and 105 is made up of "missing girls." Scholars present three main explanations for the skewed SRB statistic: sex selective abortion, infanticide and delayed or late registration. Most studies take a demographic and cultural approach to explain the high SRB. However, we believe the story of the "missing girls" is also an administrative one and adopt the street level bureaucrat theory of policy implementation to explain the pervasiveness of late registration in rural China. We use descriptive statistics derived from the 1990, 2000 and 2010 census data to identify the "missing girls." We believe the combination of late registration and unreported births may point to a larger proportion of "missing girls" than previously reported from the SRB statistic. Zhai Yao Gen Ju 2010 Nian Di Liu Ci Ren Kou Pu Cha Zhong Guo Xing Bie Chu Sheng Bi Wei 118, Ji Chu Sheng 118 Ge Nan Hai Dui Ying Chu Sheng 100 Ge Nu Hai Quan Qiu Ping Jun Xing Bie Chu Sheng Bi Yue Wei 105. Yin Ci 118 He 105 Zhi Jian De Chai Ju Ji Wei "Shi Zong Nu Hai " Xian You  San Chong Yuan Yin Dao Zhi Zhe Yi Jie Guo Xing Bie Xuan Ze Liu Chan Sha Ying He Wan Deng Ji Duo Shu Yan  Guan Wo Men Cai Yong Zheng Ce Shi Shi De Jie Tou Guan Liao Li Lun Lai Jie Shi Zhong Guo Nong Cun Ji Wei Chang Jian De Wan Deng Ji Xian Xiang Bing Qie Shi Yong Miao Shu Xing Tong Ji Shu Ju Yi Ji Lai Zi 1990, 2000 He 2010 De Pu Cha Shu Ju Zu Cheng De Fan Xiang Sheng Cun Biao Lai Shi Bie "Shi Zong Nu Hai " Xiang Bi Yu Zhi Qian De Yan Jiu Wo Men Ren Wei Wan Deng Ji He Wei Deng Ji Jiang Ke Neng Cong Geng Da Bi Li Shang Jie Shi "Shi Zong Nu Hai "