nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Flood damage assessment in the Pampanga river basin of the Philippines

In this study, a flood damage assessment method was proposed for the assessment of flood risk in data poor river basins by using a physical based numerical model, satellite based information and socio economic factors. The Pampanga river basin of the Philippines was selected for the case study. For the flood damage assessment, hazard characteristics, such as flood depth and duration, were computed using the rainfall runoff inundation model. Agriculture and households, which are major exposures in flood prone areas, were taken into account for the flood damage assessment. The potential damage to agriculture was estimated by using the damage functions of agriculture and flood characteristics. The damage functions of agriculture for each growing stage were defined as the function of flood depth and duration. Field investigations and questionnaire surveys were conducted at the selected barangays (villages) in the Pampanga river basin to develop a methodology for household damage estimation. The damage estimation approach for damage to household buildings including assets, was developed based on the flood and household characteristics. The potential damage to house building and assets was estimated. The estimated damage of agriculture and households was compared with the reported values.
The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship
Venue: Current Nutrition Reports

The prevention of overweight in childhood is paramount to long term heart health. Food marketing predominately promotes unhealthy products which, if over consumed, will lead to overweight. International health expert calls for further restriction of children's exposure to food marketing remain relatively unheeded, with a lack of evidence showing a causal link between food marketing and children's dietary behaviours and obesity an oft cited reason for this policy inertia. This direct link is difficult to measure and quantify with a multiplicity of determinants contributing to dietary intake and the development of overweight. The Bradford Hill Criteria provide a credible framework by which epidemiological studies may be examined to consider whether a causal interpretation of an observed association is valid. This paper draws upon current evidence that examines the relationship between food marketing, across a range of different media, and children's food behaviours, and appraises these studies against Bradford Hill's causality framework.
Sciadopitys cladodes from Eocene Baltic amber

The Baltic amber deposit represents the largest accumulation of any fossil resin worldwide and hundreds of thousands of entrapped arthropods have been recovered so far. The source plants of Baltic amber, however, are still controversial, and the botanical composition of the 'Baltic amber forest' remains poorly studied. Here, we provide the first unequivocal Baltic amber inclusions of the umbrella pine Sciadopitys (Sciadopityaceae) a genus that has been suggested as the source of succinite (the main variety of Baltic amber) based on chemical analyses. As previously suggested sciadopitoid inclusions must be reconsidered as being notional, representing angiosperm leaves instead, the new fossils are the first unambiguous macrofossil evidence of Sciadopitys from the 'Baltic amber forest' and the first pre Oligocene macrofossil record of Sciadopitys from Europe. The fossil Sciadopitys cladodes provide new insights into the conifer diversity of the 'Baltic amber forest' and broaden the picture of its palaeoecology, indicating the presence of humid swamp to raised bog habitats.
Evolution of short inverted repeat in cupressophytes, transfer of accD to nucleus in Sciadopitys verticillata and phylogenetic position of Sciadopityaceae
Venue: Scientific reports

Sciadopitys verticillata is an evergreen conifer and an economically valuable tree used in construction, which is the only member of the family Sciadopityaceae. Acquisition of the S. verticillata chloroplast (cp) genome will be useful for understanding the evolutionary mechanism of conifers and phylogenetic relationships among gymnosperm. In this study, we have first reported the complete chloroplast genome of S. verticillata. The total genome is 138,284 bp in length, consisting of 118 unique genes. The S. verticillata cp genome has lost one copy of the canonical inverted repeats and shown distinctive genomic structure comparing with other cupressophytes. Fifty three simple sequence repeat loci and 18 forward tandem repeats were identified in the S. verticillata cp genome. According to the rearrangement of cupressophyte cp genome, we proposed one mechanism for the formation of inverted repeat: tandem repeat occured first, then rearrangement divided the tandem repeat into inverted repeats located at different regions. Phylogenetic estimates inferred from 59 gene sequences and cpDNA organizations have both shown that S. verticillata was sister to the clade consisting of Cupressaceae, Taxaceae, and Cephalotaxaceae. Moreover, accD gene was found to be lost in the S. verticillata cp genome, and a nucleus copy was identified from two transcriptome data.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING PROBLEMS IN INDONESIA

The problems of English teaching in Indonesia have been by many experts and practitioners in the field. Most people focus on the suitable methods of teaching. Some of the methods that have been used are grammar translation method, direct method, structural method, reading method, audio lingual method, situational method, total physical response method, and communicative approach. As a result,Indonesian government or the department of education keeps on changing the methods of teaching English as a foreign language. It is true that we need to keep up with the progress in teaching methodologies. But there are many other factors that we need to consider when we want to be successful in our English teaching program. First of all, the teaching of English as a foreign language has always been considered very important in Indonesia in order to be able to compete with other countries in terms of science, commerce, and technologies. But in real practice the government does not seem to show seriousness in the matter. Let us look at the curriculum and syllabus. In a way, the content of the English syllabus is very dense. It covers all the language skills and components. But the result of the teaching learning process is still not satisfactory.Whenwe look at the teaching learning process that has been done in public schools, we can probably say that the unsatisfactory result was caused by some factors. First of all, language teaching is different from other subjects teaching. Language teaching is not just a matter of teaching the knowledge. It is more of teaching the skills. It takes a long time to train someone to become fluent in using the language skills.In reality, the class size is usually big while the allotted time for English subject is very little and the meeting frequency is very low. A Foreign language must be taught intensively in small classes with high frequency of meetings. It is best if it is conducted on the daily basis so that the students can achieve quick results and progresses. When the students can feel the progress, they will be motivated to learn more.  English, language teaching, problems
The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guideline for systemic treatment of breast cancer, 2015 edition
Venue: Breast Cancer

We have prepared the Japanese Breast Cancer Society clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for surgical treatment of breast cancer, 2018 update after a systematic review (SR) of the literature based upon the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (Minds) procedure. The CPG committee for surgical treatment of breast cancer, composed of breast surgeons and plastic surgeons treating breast cancer, has developed the CPGs. Eight clinical questions (CQs) were selected and divided roughly into the following five categories: (1) breast surgery in initial therapy (CQs 1 3) (2) axillary surgery in initial therapy (CQs 4 5) (3) breast reconstruction in initial therapy (CQ 6) (4) surgical treatment for recurrent and metastatic breast cancer (CQs 7 8) and (5) others. Recommendations for these CQs were decided by the GRADE grid method. In addition, 4 outlines, 14 background questions (BQs) and 12 future research questions (FQs) were also selected. Statements for these BQs and FQs are provided. We developed the updated CPGs for surgical treatment of breast cancer, 2018, which include 8 CQs and recommendations. As a decision making tool for the understanding and treatment of breast cancer, these guidelines will help surgical oncologists dealing with breast cancer, medical staff, and patients, along with their family members.
Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Women With Early Stage Invasive Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline.
Venue: Journal of clinical oncology official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology

To provide recommendations on appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay results to guide decisions on adjuvant systemic therapy for women with early stage invasive breast cancer.  A literature search and prospectively defined study selection sought systematic reviews, meta analyses, randomized controlled trials, prospective retrospective studies, and prospective comparative observational studies published from 2006 through 2014. Outcomes of interest included overall survival and disease free or recurrence free survival. Expert panel members used informal consensus to develop evidence based guideline recommendations.  The literature search identified 50 relevant studies. One randomized clinical trial and 18 prospective retrospective studies were found to have evaluated the clinical utility, as defined by the guideline, of specific biomarkers for guiding decisions on the need for adjuvant systemic therapy. No studies that met guideline criteria for clinical utility were found to guide choice of specific treatments or regimens. RECOMMENDATIONS In addition to estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, the panel found sufficient evidence of clinical utility for the biomarker assays Oncotype DX, EndoPredict, PAM50, Breast Cancer Index, and urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 in specific subgroups of breast cancer. No biomarker except for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 was found to guide choices of specific treatment regimens. Treatment decisions should also consider disease stage, comorbidities, and patient preferences.
Wind power time series prediction using optimized kernel extreme learning machine method

Since wind has an intrinsically complex and stochastic nature, accurate wind power prediction is necessary for the safety and economics of wind energy utilization. Aiming at the prediction of very short term wind power time series, a new optimized kernel extreme learning machine (O KELM) method with evolutionary computation strategy is proposed on the basis of single hidden layer feedforward neural networks. In comparison to the extreme learning machine (ELM) method, the number of the hidden layer nodes need not be given, and the unknown nonlinear feature mapping of the hidden layer is represented with a kernel function. In addition, the output weights of the networks can also be analytically determined by using regularization least square algorithm, hence the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) method provides better generalization performance at a much faster learning speed. In the O KELM, the structure and the parameters of the KELM are optimized by using three different optimization algorithms, i.e. genetic algorithm (GA) differential evolution (DE) and simulated annerling (SA) meanwhile, the output weights are obtained by a least squares algorithm just the same as by the ELM, but using Tikhonovs regularization in order to further improve the performance of the O KELM. The utilized optimization algorithms of the O KELM are respectively used to select the set of input variables, regularization coefficient as well as hyperparameter of kernel function. The proposed method is first applied to the direct six step prediction for Mackey Glass chaotic time series, under the same condition as the existing optimized ELM method. From the analysis of the simulation results it can be verified that the prediction accuracy of the proposed O KELM method is increased by about one order of magnitude over that of the optimized ELM method. Furthermore, the DE KELM algorithm can achieve the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) The O KELM method is then applied to real world wind power prediction instance, i.e. the Western Dataset from NERL. The 10 minute ahead single step prediction as well as 20 minute ahead, 30 minute ahead, 40 minute ahead multi step prediction for wind power time series are respectively implemented to evaluate the O KELM method. Experimental results of each of the short term wind power time series predictions at different time horizons confirm that the proposed O KELM method tends to have better prediction accuracy than the optimized ELM method. Moreover, the GA KELM algorithm outperforms other two O KELM algorithms at future 10 minute, 20 minute, 40 minute ahead prediction in terms of the RMSE value. The DE KELM algorithm outperforms other algorithms at future 30 minute ahead prediction in terms of the normalized mean square error (NMSE) and the RMSE value. The results from these applications demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed O KLEM method. Therefore, the O KELM method has a potential future in the field of wind power prediction.
Oil spill impacts on mangroves: Recommendations for operational planning and action based on a global review.
Venue: Marine pollution bulletin

Mangrove tidal wetland habitats are recognised as highly vulnerable to large and chronic oil spills. This review of current literature and public databases covers the last 6 decades, summarising global data on oil spill incidents affecting, or likely to have affected, mangrove habitat. Over this period, there have been at least 238 notable oil spills along mangrove shorelines worldwide. In total, at least 5.5milliontonnes of oil has been released into mangrove lined, coastal waters, oiling possibly up to around 1.94millionha of mangrove habitat, and killing at least 126,000ha of mangrove vegetation since 1958. However, there were assessment limitations with incomplete and unavailable data, as well as unequal coverage across world regions. To redress the gaps described here in reporting on oil spill impacts on mangroves and their recovery worldwide, a number of recommendations and suggestions are made for refreshing and updating standard operational procedures for responders, managers and researchers alike.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SANITIZING AGENTS IN INACTIVATING ESCHERICHIA COLI (ATCC 25922) IN FOOD CUTTING BOARD SURFACES. REmOVAl E. COLI USING DIFFERENT SANITIZERS

the objective of this study was to investigate Escherichia coli adhesion on new and used polyethylene cutting board surface and evaluate it's removal using different sanitizer (peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite and organic acids) results indicated that the number of adherent cells increased with time in both surfaces evaluated. Evaluating the sanitizer action, 0.5% peracetic acid was more effective in removal E. coli than chlorhexidine and organic acids at same concentration in both surfaces. Peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite also showed effectiveness at concentrations of 0.2% and 0.5% on new surfaces, respectively. 0.8% of chlorhexidine and 2.0% of organic acids showed similar effectiveness in the removal E. coli on new and used surfaces, respectively. these results suggest that peracetic acid is considerable promise sanitizer for application in surfaces of the food processing industry.
A bi objective inventory optimization model under inflation and discount using tuned Pareto based algorithms: NSGA II, NRGA, and MOPSO
Venue: Appl. Soft Comput.

A multi product multi period inventory control problem under budget constraint is developed.The shortages in combination of backorders and lost sales are considered for each product.The ordered quantities of products are delivered in batch sizes of known number of boxes.All unit discount policy is considered to purchase the products.Three meta heuristic algorithms i.e. NSGA II, NRGA and MOPSO are applied to solve the problem. This study presents a seasonal multi product multi period inventory control model with inventory costs obtained under inflation and all unit discount policy. The products are delivered in boxes of known quantities and both backorder and lost sale quantities are considered in case of shortage. The goal is to find a representative set of Pareto optimal solutions (including the ordering quantities) in different periods and to minimize both the total inventory cost (i.e. ordering, holding, shortage, and purchasing costs) and the total storage space, simultaneously. Three multi objective optimization algorithms of non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II) non dominated ranked genetic algorithm (NRGA) and multi objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) are proposed to solve the problem. The Taguchi approach with a novel metric (based on the coefficient of variation) is utilized to model the response variable and compare the performances of the algorithms. Three numerical examples are used to demonstrate the applicability and exhibit the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms. The results of statistical analyses show significant differences in the performance metrics for all three algorithms and in all three numerical examples.
Optimizing an inventory model with fuzzy demand, backordering, and discount using a hybrid imperialist competitive algorithm

Vendor managed inventory (VMI) is one of the popular policies in retailer supplier partnerships to reduce total inventory costs in supply chain management (SCM) As there is a lack of studies on simultaneous consideration of backordering and discount in the VMI literature, this paper develops a constrained VMI model with fuzzy demand for a single vendor multi retailer supply chain, in which the centroid defuzzification method defuzzifies trapezoidal fuzzy numbers of the demand. While there are two constraints, namely warehouse space and number of orders, the aim of this paper is to find a near optimal solution including the order size, the replenishment rate of the retailers, the maximum backorder quantities of retailers' item, and the suitable price of the item to minimize the total inventory cost. As the developed problem is shown to be NP complete, a hybrid imperialist competitive algorithm (HICA) is used to find a near optimum solution. As there is no benchmark available in the literature and that HICA is a population based meta heuristic, a single solution based meta heuristic is employed to validate the results obtained. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) determines the better algorithm in solving the problem in terms of six criteria. Moreover, the effects of some cost parameters on the solution obtained are investigated to provide managerial insights. Finally, conclusion and future research are presented.
Effect of Attitude on Foreign Language Acquisition: Arabic Pronunciation as Case Study

This study aims at investigating how attitude influences foreign language acquisition. In fact, the present study focuses on the relationship between the pronunciation proficiency of some of the American students learning Arabic at the Georgetown University, and their attitude toward Arabic speakers. The study also reveals and points out some fundamentally related elements, such as the exposure to Arabic Language and Arabic environment, to eliminate, or at least to reduce, the students' negative attitudes that may hinder the process of pronunciation acquisition. The sample of the study consisted of 6 students (4 females and 2 males) randomly chosen from Georgetown University. A five point likert scale attitude questionnaire and an achievement test were used to collect data from the students who participated in this research. Results showed that the students who have good attitudes towards Arabic speakers, and have visited or stayed in an Arabic speaking country, have the best pronunciation performance, while those who have neither good attitudes nor stayed a long time in an Arabic speaking country, have the poorest performance.
A linguistic fusion approach for heterogeneous Environmental Impact Significance Assessment

is usually modeled as a multi criteria decision making process for determining the importance of project's impacts over involved environment, considering subjective judgments provided in a qualitative and/or quantitative way. Classical EISA methods are not efficient in handling heterogeneous contexts since experts are forced to use numerical scales even for assessing subjective environmental indicators and they also obtain numerical outputs of low interpretability. In this paper is proposed a new approach for heterogeneous EISA based on the linguistic 2 tuple fusion model for dealing with heterogeneous information. It provides a flexible evaluation framework in which experts can supply their preferences using different information domains conform to the nature and uncertainty of criteria as well as their level of knowledge and experience. Moreover the approach applies a multi step aggregation process to obtain interpretable significance values without loss of information.
Typical and atypical hierarchical routing protocols for WSNs A review
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as the most preferable network for many applications which require pervasive computing. All such applications and environments need energy efficient routing. This has led to the evolution of hierarchical routing which has attracted many professionals towards this field for research and development. Hierarchical routing is energy efficient and useful in several situations. It can be basically categorized in two types. First one is typical hierarchical routing protocols and second one is atypical hierarchical routing protocols. However, there are no such significant differences between both of them because atypical protocols are just a subset of typical hierarchical routing protocols. There are various survey papers which focus on typical routing protocols and very few papers which cover especially atypical routing protocols. There is no such paper which covers both categories collectively which can ease users to compare them for the best suitability. This survey aims to fulfill the same requirement and covers some renowned protocols from both categories.