nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Network based Age Estimation from Facial Image and Depth Prediction from Single Image

Convolutional neural network (CNN) one of the most commonly used deep learning methods, has been applied to various computer vision and pattern recognition tasks, and has achieved state of the art performance. Most recent research work on CNN focuses on the innovations of the structure. This thesis explores both the innovation of structure and final label encoding of CNN. To evaluate the performance of our proposed network structure and label encoding method, two computer vision tasks are conducted, namely age estimation from facial image and depth estimation from a single image. For age estimation from facial image, we propose a novel hierarchical aggregation based deep network to learn aging features from facial images and apply our encoding method to transfer the discrete aging labels into a possibility label, which enables the CNN to conduct a classification task rather than regression task. In contrast to traditional aging features, where identical filter is applied to the entire facial image, our deep aging feature can capture both local and global cues in aging. Under our formulation, convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to extract region specific features at lower layers. Then, low layer features are hierarchically aggregated by using fully connected way to consecutive higher layers. The resultant aging feature is of dimensionality 110, which achieves both good discriminative ability and efficiency. Experimental results of age prediction on the MORPH II and the FG NET databases show that the proposed deep aging feature outperforms state of the art aging features by a margin. Depth estimation from a single image is an essential component toward understanding the 3D geometry of a scene. Compared with depth estimation from stereo images, depth map estimation from a single image is an extremely challenging task. This thesis addresses this task by regression with deep features, combined with surface normal constrained depth refinement. The proposed framework consists of two steps. First, we implement a convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn the mapping from multi scale image patches to depth on the super pixel level. In this step, we apply the proposed label encoding method to transfer the contin
Expert Stance Graphs for Computational Argumentation
Venue: ArgMining@ACL

We describe the construction of an Expert Stance Graph, a novel, large scale knowledge resource that encodes the stance of more than 100,000 experts towards a variety of controversial topics. We suggest that this graph may be valuable for various fundamental tasks in computational argumentation. Experts and topics in our graph are Wikipedia entries. Both automatic and semi automatic methods for building the graph are explored, and manual assessment validates the high accuracy of the resulting graph.
Examining Elementary School Students' Mental Models of Sun Earth Relationships as a Result of Engaging in Engineering Design

Current reform efforts in science education in the United States call for students to learn science through the integration of science and engineering practices. Studies have examined the effect of engineering design on students' understanding of engineering, technology, and science concepts. However, the majority of studies emphasize the accuracy of students' scientific thinking instead of what students' conceptions are. The aim of this study was to examine elementary school students' conceptions of sun Earth relationships as a result of engaging in an engineering design based science task. Two independent fifth grade classrooms were identified. Each classroom teacher had 2 groups of students: 1 group engaged in traditional science lessons (control) and 1 group engaged in engineering design based science lessons (treatment) Data were collected via multiple choice knowledge assessments, a draw and explain item, and semi structured interviews designed to elicit students' working mental models of the relationship between the sun and Earth. Results indicated a range of five different mental models expressed by students in both the control and treatment groups. These findings suggest that students still harbor alternate conceptions and possibly conflicting ideas regarding various sun Earth relationships. If teachers are expected to implement science and engineering practices, attention must be given to not only what students' misconceptions are but, more importantly, how best to implement design based science lessons that facilitate students' application and understanding of related science concepts.
Online Mathematics Homework Increases Student Achievement

In a randomized field trial with 2,850 seventh grade mathematics students, we evaluated whether an educational technology intervention increased mathematics learning. Assigning homework is common yet sometimes controversial. Building on prior research on formative assessment and adaptive teaching, we predicted that combining an online homework tool with teacher training could increase learning. The online tool ASSISTments (a) provides timely feedback and hints to students as they do homework and (b) gives teachers timely, organized information about students' work. To test this prediction, we analyzed data from 43 schools that participated in a random assignment experiment in Maine, a state that provides every seventh grade student with a laptop to take home. Results showed that the intervention significantly increased student scores on an end of the year standardized mathematics assessment as compared with a control group that continued with existing homework practices. Students with low prior mathematics achievement benefited most. The intervention has potential for wider adoption.
Social LSTM: Human Trajectory Prediction in Crowded Spaces
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

Pedestrians follow different trajectories to avoid obstacles and accommodate fellow pedestrians. Any autonomous vehicle navigating such a scene should be able to foresee the future positions of pedestrians and accordingly adjust its path to avoid collisions. This problem of trajectory prediction can be viewed as a sequence generation task, where we are interested in predicting the future trajectory of people based on their past positions. Following the recent success of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models for sequence prediction tasks, we propose an LSTM model which can learn general human movement and predict their future trajectories. This is in contrast to traditional approaches which use hand crafted functions such as Social forces. We demonstrate the performance of our method on several public datasets. Our model outperforms state of the art methods on some of these datasets. We also analyze the trajectories predicted by our model to demonstrate the motion behaviour learned by our model.
Predicting permeability based on flow simulations and textile modelling techniques: Comparison with experimental values and verification of FlowTex solver using Ansys CFX

This paper compares the predicted permeability values obtained from conducting simulations with experimental results from the second permeability benchmark exercise. An automated tool, which has been developed for this purpose and is presented here, carries out flow simulations on WiseTex generated meshes using Ansys CFX. Different meshing methods are explored, and the effects of different boundary conditions, number of layers used to model the preform and the incorporation of nesting are examined. The predicted permeability values of the textile model closest to the real preform structure were higher by a factor of approximately two compared to the experimental values. In the second part of this work, the permeability values obtained using Ansys CFX and FlowTex solvers are compared and the ability of both solvers to capture variations in unit cell geometric parameters is demonstrated. A close agreement between the two solvers was found.
Influence of 15 crown 5 additive to a liquid electrolyte on the performance of Li/CFx Systems at temperatures up to 50 degC

The additive of 15 crown 5 for liquid electrolyte for primary Li/CFx cells is proposed. In their presence the cells with 1 M LiBF4 in GBL and 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC/EMC are workable at low temperatures. Their discharge capacities are 140 and 110 mAh g 1 at 45 50 degC respectively. The 15 crown 5 additive probably is adsorbed on electrodes surfaces and form Li+ conducting layers. This mechanism approved by quantum chemical modeling.
Management of Adults With Hospital acquired and Ventilator associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society.
Venue: Clinical infectious diseases an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.These guidelines are intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients at risk for hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) including specialists in infectious diseases, pulmonary diseases, critical care, and surgeons, anesthesiologists, hospitalists, and any clinicians and healthcare providers caring for hospitalized patients with nosocomial pneumonia. The panel's recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HAP and VAP are based upon evidence derived from topic specific systematic literature reviews.
Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Venue: Clinical infectious diseases an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Executive Summary: Management of Adults With Hospital acquired and Ventilator associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society.
Venue: Clinical infectious diseases an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.These guidelines are intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients at risk for hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) including specialists in infectious diseases, pulmonary diseases, critical care, and surgeons, anesthesiologists, hospitalists, and any clinicians and healthcare providers caring for hospitalized patients with nosocomial pneumonia. The panel's recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HAP and VAP are based upon evidence derived from topic specific systematic literature reviews.
Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug Susceptible Tuberculosis.
Venue: Clinical infectious diseases an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

The American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America jointly sponsored the development of this guideline for the treatment of drug susceptible tuberculosis, which is also endorsed by the European Respiratory Society and the US National Tuberculosis Controllers Association. Representatives from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Canadian Thoracic Society, the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the World Health Organization also participated in the development of the guideline. This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis. For all recommendations, literature reviews were performed, followed by discussion by an expert committee according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Given the public health implications of prompt diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis, empiric multidrug treatment is initiated in almost all situations in which active tuberculosis is suspected. Additional characteristics such as presence of comorbidities, severity of disease, and response to treatment influence management decisions. Specific recommendations on the use of case management strategies (including directly observed therapy) regimen and dosing selection in adults and children (daily vs intermittent) treatment of tuberculosis in the presence of HIV infection (duration of tuberculosis treatment and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy) as well as treatment of extrapulmonary disease (central nervous system, pericardial among other sites) are provided. The development of more potent and better tolerated drug regimens, optimization of drug exposure for the component drugs, optimal management of tuberculosis in special populations, identification of accurate biomarkers of treatment effect, and the assessment of new strategies for implementing regimens in the field remain key priority areas for research. See the full text online version of the document for detailed discussion of the management of tuberculosis and recommendations for practice.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Venue: Clinical infectious diseases an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Drive and Love: Revisiting Freud's Drive Theory

In light of recent neuroscientific findings relevant to psychoanalytic theories about drive and love, Yovell addresses two interrelated and partially overlapping questions: What can the neurosciences contribute to a psychoanalytic understanding of drive? And what can they contribute to a psychoanalytic understanding of how romantic love, sexuality and attachment relate to each other? The answers that Yovell provides unfold in his presentation of Freud's drive theory and John Bowlby's attachment theory, which he backs with neuroscientific research findings. The author also examines how the neuroscientist Jaak Panksepp's SEEKING emotional system relates to Freud's concept of libido, while the systems Panksepp named PANIC/GRIEF and CARE correlate with Bowlby's attachment system. Taking the example of adult romantic love, Yovell describes how Panksepp's subcortical emotional systems influence our conscious experience and our actions in an intricate interplay that remains to be thoroughly examined. In the end, the author conceptualizes drive theory and attachment theory as building on one another rather than as being mutually exclusive or otherwise contradicting each other.
Drive: Theory and Construct Validation
Venue: PloS one

This article explicates the theory of drive and describes the development and validation of two measures. A representative set of drive facets was derived from an extensive corpus of human attributes (Study 1) Operationalised using an International Personality Item Pool version (the Drive:IPIP) a three factor model was extracted from the facets in two samples and confirmed on a third sample (Study 2) The multi item IPIP measure showed congruence with a short form, based on single item ratings of the facets, and both demonstrated cross informant reliability. Evidence also supported the measures' convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and incremental validity (Study 3) Based on very promising findings, the authors hope to initiate a stream of research in what is argued to be a rather neglected niche of individual differences and non cognitive assessment.
Experience producing drive theory: Personality "writ large"

Producing Drive (EPD) theory is sketched out. The theory, initially proposed to explain the evolution of intelligence, is generalized to all human psychological individual differences (EPD Revised) Simply put EPD R theory asserts that human beings are active agents designed to survive in their average expected environment and have evolved numerous traits that facilitate that survival. These traits lead individuals to create physical and psychological environments compatible with their genotypes. EPD R theory implies that current personality theories lack the necessary perspective to capture this dynamic structure due to a very narrow focus on affective processing and psychopathology. The theory predicts that the inclusion of a wider variety of individual difference measures, e.g. psychological interests, values, social attitudes and work motivation, will reveal a more meaningful and larger set of basic traits than ordinary personality scales alone. I test this prediction by carrying out a factor analysis of individual difference measures drawn from the domains listed above. Twelve factors encompass constructs proposed by interest theorists, value theorists, attitude theorists and personality theorists. No single theory encompassed all the factors. A factor analysis of these twelve factors yields four super factors that differ substantively from the big five: Dangerous, Authoritarian, Powerful and Down to Earth.
Em Drive Theory

The EM drive is an object composed by a Magnetron feeding a tapered resonant cavity whose area is greater at one end. Both ends of the cavity are sealed. When the Magnetron is turned on, the EM drive manifests a thrust toward the smaller end of the cavity. Nothing is emitted outside. Mainstream Physics is reluctant to recognize the EM drive as valid as it appears to break the law of conservation of momentum For this reason EM drive caused discussions, theories more or less exotic, and skepticisms. But the experiments seem to confirm it works. Here I discuss a simple theory in the framework of classical physics.
Worlds of higher education transformed: toward varieties of academic capitalism

This article explores the changing character and consequences of state authorities' evolving relationships with universities in the United States, Germany, and Norway typical cases for different national worlds of higher education. It argues that across the three OECD countries, welfare states have strengthened market principles in university governance, yet shaped competition in different ways. This conceptualization of institutional changes makes two seemingly conflicting perspectives compatible: one diagnosing national convergence on academic capitalism and one arguing for lasting divergence across national political economic regimes. Upon proposing ideal typical trajectories of market making institutional liberalization, the article explores path dependent movement toward varieties of academic capitalism in the three countries. The findings on the socio economic effects of this transformation suggest the need to moderate expectations on the ability of reformed higher education systems to contain contemporary societies' centrifugal forces.
The New Prudent Man: Financial Academic Capitalism and Inequality in Higher Education

For over one hundred years university endowments in the United States had been managed according to the common law "prudent man" principle that imposed the relatively conservative fiduciary responsibility for capital preservation upon university trustees. Beginning in the 1970s the prudent man concept was re imagined to call for the maximization of return on endowment holdings and increased attention to long term capital accumulation. This chapter shows how the transformation of the prudent man principle coincided with restructuring in the broader political economy and especially the globalization of finance. It is argued that endowment management is now a form of financial academic capitalism in which universities engage in market activities to generate profit in order to secure advantage over competitor institutions by amassing wealth, which is in turn associated with prestige and field status. This advantage is reinforced by historical positional and taxation policy. Wealth and status advantages result in inequality, and I argue that endowment management is one contributing factor to the steep and persistent stratification that characterizes higher education in the U.S. Institutional inequality presents implications for social opportunity and equity. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations related to institutional wealth management.
Academic Capitalism in the New University

ranging from the production of knowl edge created by faculty to the faculty's curriculum and instruction" (Rhoades and Slaughter, "Academic Capitalism" 37) As the boundaries between univer sity and market become increasingly permeable, universities act more and more like profit seeking organizations in a knowledge market. Thus, to bend Rhoades and Slaughter a bit further, academic capitalism, while driven by the demands to generate revenue, also describes the increasing authority of market like practices, roles, and ideolo gies within the academy. This is of course a particular incarnation of the more general dynamic of neo liberal ization. Like other instances, academic capi talism depends first on a material and ideological restructuring of the "pub lie" and the "private." Indeed, over the past decade, federal and state politi cians have essentially rewritten the his toric compact forged between the pub lic, higher education, and the state. Last year, for instance, state appropria tions for higher education declined by 2 These decreases in direct state support to public higher education were even greater for the nations "megastates," states which account for the bulk of higher ed enrollments. Last I