nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Modeling of Wild Bird Risk Factors for Highly Pathogenic A(H5N1) Avian Influenza Virus Transmission
Venue: Avian diseases

One of the longest persisting avian influenza viruses in history, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) A(H5N1) continues to evolve after 18 yr, advancing the threat of a global pandemic. Wild waterfowl (family Anatidae) are reported as secondary transmitters of HPAIV and primary reservoirs for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, yet spatial inputs for disease risk modeling for this group have been lacking. Using geographic information software and Monte Carlo simulations, we developed geospatial indices of waterfowl abundance at 1 and 30 km resolutions and for the breeding and wintering seasons for China, the epicenter of H5N1. Two spatial layers were developed: cumulative waterfowl abundance (WAB) a measure of predicted abundance across species, and cumulative abundance weighted by H5N1 prevalence (WPR) whereby abundance for each species was adjusted based on prevalence values and then totaled across species. Spatial patterns of the model output differed between seasons, with higher WAB and WPR in the northern and western regions of China for the breeding season and in the southeast for the wintering season. Uncertainty measures indicated highest error in southeastern China for both WAB and WPR. We also explored the effect of resampling waterfowl layers from 1 to 30 km resolution for multiscale risk modeling. Results indicated low average difference (less than 0.16 and 0.01 standard deviations for WAB and WPR, respectively) with greatest differences in the north for the breeding season and southeast for the wintering season. This work provides the first geospatial models of waterfowl abundance available for China. The indices provide important inputs for modeling disease transmission risk at the interface of poultry and wild birds. These models are easily adaptable, have broad utility to both disease and conservation needs, and will be available to the scientific community for advanced modeling applications.
Intense circulation of A/H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses in Cambodian live bird markets with serological evidence of sub clinical human infections
Venue: Emerging Microbes Infections

Surveillance for avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry and environmental samples was conducted in four live bird markets in Cambodia from January through November 2013. Through real time RT PCR testing, AIVs were detected in 45% of 1048 samples collected throughout the year. Detection rates ranged from 32% and 18% in duck and chicken swabs, respectively, to 75% in carcass wash water samples. Influenza A/H5N1 virus was detected in 79% of samples positive for influenza A virus and 35% of all samples collected. Sequence analysis of full length haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from A/H5N1 viruses, and full genome analysis of six representative isolates, revealed that the clade 1.1.2 reassortant virus associated with Cambodian human cases during 2013 was the only A/H5N1 virus detected during the year. However, multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) analysis of HA and NA genes revealed co circulation of at least nine low pathogenic AIVs from HA1, HA2, HA3, HA4, HA6, HA7, HA9, HA10 and HA11 subtypes. Four repeated serological surveys were conducted throughout the year in a cohort of 125 poultry workers. Serological testing found an overall prevalence of 4.5% and 1.8% for antibodies to A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, respectively. Seroconversion rates of 3.7 and 0.9 cases per 1000 person months participation were detected for A/H5N1 and A/H9N2, respectively. Peak AIV circulation was associated with the Lunar New Year festival. Knowledge of periods of increased circulation of avian influenza in markets should inform intervention measures such as market cleaning and closures to reduce risk of human infections and emergence of novel AIVs.
Psychographic Market segmentation of Junior College Students in Silchar, Assam

This paper discusses about characteristics of most enthusiastic buyers of a non metro city. The paper adopts the analytical and exploratory research style based on primary data. It uses questionnaire based survey methods with a sample size of 250 junior college students (JCS) of Silchar, Assam, India. The paper tries to identify the segments depending upon the choices and purchasing decision made by these students on the basis of their psychographic profile. The research is unique for academic and professional relevance. As the research on psychographic market segmentation in small city especially the city from North Eastern Region called Silchar, Assam is very rare. Hence, this study may be regarded as masterpiece as it provides in depth analysis on psychographic market segmentation, which is found to differ in several important aspects.
Improving dietary diversity of school adolescents through school based nutrition education and home gardening in Jimma Zone: Quasi experimental design.
Venue: Eating behaviors

The purpose of this operational study was to assess the effectiveness school based health and nutrition intervention supported with backyard gardening on the dietary diversity among school adolescents.  A total of 1000 school adolescents from 10 to 19years were selected randomly. The intervention involved peer led behavior change communication and health promotion through school media and health clubs. Data were collected at baseline, midline and end line using structured questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent effect of interventions.  There was a significant increment of proportion of school children consuming diversified diet among the intervention group from 34.8% at baseline through 65.6% at midline to 74.7% at the end line (p<0.001) Among control group, there was no change from midline (49.4% to endline (48.8% though there was a change from baseline (32.1% to midline (49.4% A significant difference of dietary diversity intake was observed between intervention and control groups at midline (F=5.64, p=0.042) and endline (F=5.85, p<0.001) survey. Being in the intervention school (OR=2.55 [1.55, 3.50] being a boy (OR=1.75 [1.91, 2.56] and having farmer mothers (OR=2.58 [1.01, 6.87] were independent positive predictors of a diversified diet intake. However, having a mother who attended secondary schools were inversely associated (OR=0.25 [0.06, 0.97] with consuming a diversified diet.  Findings of this study demonstrated that there was a significant improvement in dietary diversity of adolescents in intervention schools. The results imply that school based nutrition education should be a part of comprehensive school health programs to reach students and potentially their families.
Happy #monthsary babe! Vernacular readings and practices of monthsaries among young couplings on social media

Video abstract Romantic monthsaries, or monthly commemorations of the date on which a couple first got together, are increasingly practiced by young couples and archived on social media. As a form of visually oriented practice, monthsaries are fraught with vernacular readings, perceptions, and practices. This paper investigates the practice of monthsaries among 'young couplings' which I define as the experiences of young people's partnering practices in their teenage years and/or their initial experience of early partnering regardless of the age of first coupling, in which young couples do not yet have any formal status, are unable to experience domestic living together, and have limited opportunities to be alone and intimate. In the absence of any scholarly precedence and adopting a Grounded Theory approach, this paper is an exploratory study that approaches monthsaries through internet folk knowledge, forum threads and visual displays of monthsaries on Instagram.
Table Of Integrals Series And Products

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To BYOD or not to BYOD: factors affecting academic acceptance of student mobile devices in the classroom

This article reports on factors affecting local academic acceptance of bring your own devices (BYOD) A review of the literature revealed a paucity of studies that have explored the complex factors that affect academic use and intention to use mobile devices in the classroom, with even less exploring truly ubiquitous and varied personal devices as opposed to supplied institutional or research study sets. A detailed qualitative investigation with 14 academics was undertaken, drawing upon and aiming to compliment mature acceptance research. Firstly by employing a focus group to identify initial psychological factors and the relevance of acceptance theories to the local context. Then, secondly by using in depth semi structured interviews, shaped by acceptance categories, to identify a breadth of psychological factors affecting faculty use and intention to use BYOD. This small scale study found clear distinctions in local academic perceptions of BYOD compared with faculty devices and reported a range of factors that appeared to distinctly affect local academic acceptance of BYOD.  higher education; bring your own devices; innovation diffusion theory; unified theory of acceptance and use of technology ( 21 October 2016)  Research in Learning Technology 2016, 24 30357 http:/dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v24.30357
RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI NULIS: MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN SISWA DISGRAFIA

Siswa penyandang disgrafia atau kesulitan belajar menulis merupakan salah satu dari 'Learning Disorder' Pada anak kesulitan belajar menulis, proses menuliskan informasi merupakan hal sangat sulit. Kemampuan motorik anak terganggu dan mengakibatkan kemampuan gerak dalam kehidupan sehari hari juga mengalami kesulitan. Siswa disgrafia dapat disembuhkan dengan melakukan kegiatan menulis secara terus menerus serta memberikan pelatihan motorik. Salah satu solusi untuk permasalahan ini pada bidang teknologi yaitu pengembangan aplikasi NULIS. Aplikasi NULIS memiliki dua jenis muatan yaitu pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dan Matematika yang dapat dipersonalisasikan oleh pendidik terhadap kebutuhan siswa. Penulis telah melakukan pembelajaran terhadap 5 siswa di Sekolah Aditama Surabaya, dan memperoleh hasil sebesar 65% parameter kemampuan menulis mengalami peningkatan. Selain itu aplikasi NULIS dapat membantu pembelajaran pada anak dengan keleluasaan pendidik dalam mengubah aktivitas. Pada akhirnya, penggunaan dari perangkat bergerak dengan muatan multimedia yang interaktif dapat meningkatkan minat siswa dalam pembelajaran.
Automated Brain Tumor Segmentation and Detection in MRI Using Enhanced Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization(EDPSO)

Medical Image segmentation is the most challenging problems in the research field of MRI scan analysis. Automated brain tumor segmentation and detection are eminently important in medical diagnostics because it provides information related to functional structures as well as potential abnormal tissue necessary to demarcate surgical plan. But automatic tumor segmentation is still challenging because of low contrast and ill defined boundaries and accuracy problem. Therefore Enhanced Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (EDPSO) is proposed for automated tumor segmentation which overcomes the drawback of existing Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) This innovative method consists of four steps. First step is pre processing, film artifacts and unwanted portions of MRI images are removed using tracking algorithm. Second step involves the process of removing the noises and high frequency component using Gaussian filter. Third step, segmentation is done using Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization and Fourth step is classification, which is done by Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. The performance of the proposed method is systematically evaluated using the MRI brain images.
A Novel Approach to Improve Sobel Edge Detector

An improved edge detection algorithm based on k means clustering approach. Being a fundamental tool in image processing, edge detection aims to identify the points in an image at which image brightness changes sharply or regularly. In Medical Science, edge detection is very useful, such as in segmentation of MRI image. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) produces a detailed image of any human body part, by using the natural magnetic properties of the body tissues. Since body tissues contain hydrogen atoms, which made to emit radio signals. These radio signals are then detected by a scanner. Magnetic Resonance imaging is a medical test used to diagnose tumors of the brain on the basis of high quality images produced by it. In this paper edge detection is made to determine the location of a tumor. The edge detection technique presented in this paper uses k means clustering approach to generate the initial groups. These groups are then input to the mamdani fuzzy inference system, which generates different threshold parameters. When these parameters are fed into the classical sobel edge detector, it is found that images obtained are more enhanced and provide exact location of a tumor in a brain.
Causality Relationship between Agricultural Exports and Economic Growth: Evidence from South Africa

This study examines the export led growth hypothesis via agricultural export in South Africa. The causality direction between processed and unprocessed agricultural exports and economic growth is examined for the time period 1975 2012. The empirical investigation indicates that there is no existence of causality between the agricultural export components and GDP. Thus, export led growth hypothesis through agricultural exports is not valid for the case of South Africa. The non causality between agricultural export components and economic growth in South Africa indicates that the level of agricultural export in the past was insufficient to stimulate economic growth, and the present economic growth in South Africa either does not exclusively rely on the level of processed and unprocessed agricultural export. Experiencing an export led growth from agricultural sector, necessitates an increase in domestic and foreign investment, including agricultural export participation through strategic incentives.
Analyzing the Linkage between Agricultural Exports and Agriculture's Share of Gross Domestic Products in South Africa

The paper analyses the link between avocado, apple, mango and orange exports and agriculture's share of Gross Domestic Product in South Africa. The study used secondary time series data that covered a sample size of 20 years (1994 2014) of avocado, apple, mango and orange exports in South Africa. Two Stages Least Square models were used for data analysis. Empirical results for agricultural exports equation revealed that agricultural economic growth in South Africa was significant with a positive coefficient. Also a negative relationship between the Net Factor Income (NFI) and the agricultural exports in South Africa was noticed. Real Capital Investments had a significant positive coefficient. Consequently, results from agricultural economic growth equation revealed that agricultural exports were significant with a positive correlation. A relationship between NFI and agricultural GDP was also witnessed. Like other variables, Real Capital Investment was significant but negatively correlated.
Complexity of vitamin E metabolism.
Venue: World journal of biological chemistry

Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e. when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant a tocopherol transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non a tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4 dependent o hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent b oxidation, and forms the water soluble end product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their side chain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.
Vitamin E therapy beyond cancer: Tocopherol versus tocotrienol.
Venue: Pharmacology therapeutics

The discovery of vitamin E (a tocopherol) began in 1922 as a vital component required in reproduction. Today, there are eight naturally occurring vitamin E isoforms, namely a b g and d tocopherol and a b g and d tocotrienol. Vitamin E is potent antioxidants, capable of neutralizing free radicals directly by donating hydrogen from its chromanol ring. a Tocopherol is regarded the dominant form in vitamin E as the a tocopherol transfer protein in the liver binds mainly a tocopherol, thus preventing its degradation. That contributed to the oversight of tocotrienols and resulted in less than 3% of all vitamin E publications studying tocotrienols. Nevertheless, tocotrienols have been shown to possess superior antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties over a tocopherol. In particular, inhibition of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to lower cholesterol, attenuating inflammation via downregulation of transcription factor NF kB activation, and potent radioprotectant against radiation damage are some properties unique to tocotrienols, not tocopherols. Aside from cancer, vitamin E has also been shown protective in bone, cardiovascular, eye, nephrological and neurological diseases. In light of the different pharmacological properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols, it becomes critical to specify which vitamin E isoform(s) are being studied in any future vitamin E publications. This review provides an update on vitamin E therapeutic potentials, protective effects and modes of action beyond cancer, with comparison of tocopherols against tocotrienols. With the concerted efforts in synthesizing novel vitamin E analogs and clinical pharmacology of vitamin E, it is likely that certain vitamin E isoform(s) will be therapeutic agents against human diseases besides cancer.
Geometric desingularization of degenerate singularities in the presence of fast rotation: A new proof of known results for slow passage through Hopf bifurcations

In this article, we present a new, geometric proof of known results for slow passage through Hopf bifurcations (Baer et al. (1989) Neishtadt (1987, 1988) Shishkova (1973) The new proof employs integration along a suitable choice of contour in the complex time plane and then the method of geometric desingularization, which is also known as the blow up method. The contour in the complex time plane is chosen so that the singularities in these slow passage problems become nilpotent, and the loss of hyperbolicity can then be analyzed using the desingularization method without the complication of the fast rotation. Besides being of interest in their own right, the new method and the new proof of the known results for the slow passage through Hopf bifurcation points are also of current interest, since the phenomena of delayed passage through bifurcations plays an increasingly important role in the analysis of folded singularities in higher dimensional fast slow systems with curves and manifolds of nonhyperbolic points. For some of these problems, it will be useful also to formulate the delayed stability loss results by choosing appropriate contours in the complex time plane to make the singularities nilpotent and then by applying the geometric desingularization method.
A rare branching pattern of hindgut: absence of inferior mesenteric artery
Venue: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy

The arterial system of the gastrointestinal tract has many variations. However, variation in the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is less common than for the other abdominal arteries. The case in the present cadaver subject showed a variation in the anatomy of the IMA that differed from those seen in previous studies, because it did not originate from the abdominal aorta and had no branches. A single artery arising from branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal and middle colic arteries supplied the hindgut. This variation generated blood vessels along the digestive tract during the later stages of development. The marginal artery of the colon in this case probably was more highly developed instead of the IMA. It is clinically important to know the range of variations, as these data are used in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal diseases. This hitherto unknown variation might affect the health of patients, and we recommend radiographic examinations for diagnosis and treatment.