nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructural abnormalities of the trigeminal nerve by diffusion tensor imaging in trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression
Venue: The neuroradiology journal

Microstructural changes of the trigeminal nerve in trigeminal neuralgia due to neurovascular compression have been reported by using diffusion tensor imaging. Other aetiologies such as primary demyelinating lesions, brain stem infarction and nerve root infiltration by tumour affecting the trigeminal pathway may also present as trigeminal neuralgia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructural tissue abnormalities in the trigeminal nerve in symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia not related to neurovascular compression using diffusion tensor imaging. Mean values of the quantitative diffusion parameters of trigeminal nerve, fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient, were measured in a group of four symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia patients without neurovascular compression who showed focal non enhancing T2 hyperintense lesions in the pontine trigeminal pathway. These diffusion parameters were compared between the affected and unaffected sides in the same patient and with four age matched healthy controls. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed hyperintense lesions in the dorsolateral part of the pons along the central trigeminal pathway on T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences. The mean fractional anisotropy value on the affected side was significantly decreased (P 0.001) compared to the unaffected side and healthy controls. Similarly, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was significantly higher (P 0.001) on the affected side compared to the unaffected side and healthy controls. The cause of trigeminal neuralgia in our patients was abnormal pontine lesions affecting the central trigeminal pathway. The diffusion tensor imaging results suggest that microstructural tissue abnormalities of the trigeminal nerve also exist even in non neurovascular compression related trigeminal neuralgia.
The feasibility of wax based oleogel as a potential co structurant with palm oil in low saturated fat confectionery fillings

In this research, food grade oleogels (differing in concentration of bees wax in rice bran oil) were combined with palm oil at three replacement levels (17, 33, and 50%wt) to form a continuous fat phase reduced in saturated fatty acids. We explored the crystallization and gelling behavior of the wax based palm blend mixtures, and those of the fillings containing sugar and hazelnut particles dispersed in these wax based palm blend fat phases. The wax based palm blends were different in chemical nature (unique triacyglycerols in hazelnut oil, rice bran oil, and palm oil; fatty esters, n alkanes, free fatty acids, and free fatty alcohols in bees wax) resulting in the formation of different crystalline morphologies when oleogels and palm oil were crystallized together. The crystallization of BW oleogel has proven its contribution to the gelation of the hybrid mixtures during the instant cooling step. The maximum amount of palm oil being replaced by wax based oleogels was 17% resulting in a system having similar gel strength with the reference (100% of palm oil) The gel strength obtained from rheological measurements was explained based on the information obtained from oil binding capacity, microstructure (polarized light microscopy) and thermal studies. The dilution effect was observed and the melting enthalpy decreased with the increasing oleogel fraction. The solid fat content of the final filling products at body temperature was lower than 2.0%wt, suggesting a non waxy mouthfeel. This research provides imperative information involved in the use of oleogels for the engineering of low saturated fat confectionery products.  Food grade beeswax oleogel was used in search of a novel alternative for palm oil to limit the consumption of saturated fat content in confectionery products, especially hazelnut filling. A fundamental understanding in the rheological behavior and thermal properties of wax based palm blend mixtures, and of the wax based fillings is very important to evaluate the influence of BW oleogel on the crystallization of the continuous fat phase. The obtained data are imperative for the achievement of low saturated fat products with a well defined structure. These findings will be interest to the readers who are working in the area of food lipid science and technology, especially the use of food grade fat based alternatives in chocolate and confectionary industry. In this research, food grade oleogels (differing in concentration of bees wax in rice bran oil) were combined with palm oil at three replacement levels (17, 33, and 50%wt) to form a continuous fat phase reduced in saturated fatty acids. We explored the crystallization and gelling behavior of the wax based palm blend mixtures, and those of the fillings containing sugar and hazelnut particles dispersed in these wax based palm blend fat phases. This research provides imperative information involved in the use of oleogels for the engineering of low saturated fat confectionery products.
Transforming Dependency Structures to Logical Forms for Semantic Parsing
Venue: Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

The strongly typed syntax of grammar formalisms such as CCG, TAG, LFG and HPSG offers a synchronous framework for deriving syntactic structures and semantic logical forms. In contrast partly due to the lack of a strong type system dependency structures are easy to annotate and have become a widely used form of syntactic analysis for many languages. However, the lack of a type system makes a formal mechanism for deriving logical forms from dependency structures challenging. We address this by introducing a robust system based on the lambda calculus for deriving neo Davidsonian logical forms from dependency trees. These logical forms are then used for semantic parsing of natural language to Freebase. Experiments on the Free917 and Web Questions datasets show that our representation is superior to the original dependency trees and that it outperforms a CCG based representation on this task. Compared to prior work, we obtain the strongest result to date on Free917 and competitive results on WebQuestions.
Experiential Gifts Foster Stronger Social Relationships Than Material Gifts

Interpersonal relationships are essential to well being, and gifts are often given to cultivate these relationships. To inform gift givers of what to give and to gain insight into the connecting function of gifts, this research investigates what type of gift is better at strengthening relationships according to gift recipients material gifts (objects for recipients to keep) or experiential gifts (events for recipients to live through) Experiments examining actual gift exchanges in real life relationships reveal that experiential gifts produce greater improvements in relationship strength than material gifts, regardless of whether the gift giver and recipient consume the gift together. The relationship improvements that recipients derive from experiential gifts stem from the intensity of emotion that is evoked when they consume the gifts, rather than when the gifts are received. Giving experiential gifts is thus identified as a highly effective form of prosocial spending.
Mitochondrial quality control: Cell type dependent responses to pathological mutant mitochondrial DNA
Venue: Autophagy

Pathological mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) produce a diverse range of tissue specific diseases and the proportion of mutant mitochondrial DNA can increase or decrease with time via segregation, dependent on the cell or tissue type. Previously we found that adenocarcinoma (A549.B2) cells favored wild type (WT) mtDNA, whereas rhabdomyosarcoma (RD.Myo) cells favored mutant (m3243G) mtDNA. Mitochondrial quality control (mtQC) can purge the cells of dysfunctional mitochondria via mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy and appears to offer the perfect solution to the human diseases caused by mutant mtDNA. In A549.B2 and RD.Myo cybrids, with various mutant mtDNA levels, mtQC was explored together with macroautophagy/autophagy and bioenergetic profile. The 2 types of tumor derived cell lines differed in bioenergetic profile and mitophagy, but not in autophagy. A549.B2 cybrids displayed upregulation of mitophagy, increased mtDNA removal, mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization on incubation with oligomycin, parameters that correlated with mutant load. Conversely, heteroplasmic RD.Myo lines had lower mitophagic markers that negatively correlated with mutant load, combined with a fully polarized and highly fused mitochondrial network. These findings indicate that pathological mutant mitochondrial DNA can modulate mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in a cell type dependent manner and thereby offer an explanation for the persistence and accumulation of deleterious variants.
Partial face detection for continuous authentication
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

In this paper, a part based technique for real time detection of users' faces on mobile devices is proposed. This method is specifically designed for detecting partially cropped and occluded faces captured using a smartphone's front facing camera for continuous authentication. The key idea is to detect facial segments in the frame and cluster the results to obtain the region which is most likely to contain a face. Extensive experimentation on a mobile dataset of 50 users shows that our method performs better than many state of the art face detection methods in terms of accuracy and processing speed.
A framework for collaborative sensing and processing of mobile data streams: demo
Venue: MobiCom

Emerging mobile applications involve continuous sensing and complex computations on sensed data streams. Examples include cognitive apps (e.g. speech recognition, natural language translation, as well as face, object, or gesture detection and recognition) and anticipatory apps that proactively track and provide services when needed. Unfortunately, today's mobile devices cannot keep pace with such apps, despite advances in hardware capability. Traditional approaches address this problem by computation offloading. One approach offloads by sending sensed streams to remote cloud servers via cellular networks or to cloudlets via Wi Fi, where a clone of the app runs [2, 3, 4] However, cloudlets may not be widely deployed and access to cloud infrastructure may yield high network delays and can be intermittent due to mobility. Morever, users might hesitate to upload private sensing data to the cloud or cloudlet. A second approach offloads to accelerators by rewriting code to use DSP or GPU within mobile devices. However, using accelerators requires substantial programming effort and produces varied benefits for diverse codes on heterogeneous devices.
Equilibrium relations between the spot and futures markets for commodities: an infinite horizon model

We give new insights into the dynamic behavior of commodity prices with an infinite horizon rational expectations equilibrium model for spot and futures commodity prices. Numerical simulations of the model emphasize the heterogeneity that exists in the behavior of commodity prices by showing the link between the physical characteristics of a market and some stylized facts of commodity futures prices. They show the impact of storage costs on both the variability of the basis and on the Samuelson effect. Finally, the simulations of the model show that an increase in the speculative activity on commodity futures markets has an overall positive effect on risk premia. However, not all of the agents benefit from it.
Health Literacy Is Associated With Health Behaviors and Social Factors Among Older Adults: Results from the LifeLines Cohort Study
Venue: Journal of health communication

This study assesses the associations between health literacy and various health behaviors and social factors among older adults, and whether social factors moderate the other associations. Data from 3,241 participants in the LifeLines Cohort Study were analyzed (mean baseline age 68.9 years) Data on health literacy, health behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking, breakfast consumption, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) and social factors (loneliness, social support, social activities, social contacts, and living situation) were collected in three waves. Logistic regression analyses were used, adjusted for age and gender. Low health literacy was associated with insufficient physical activity, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption, lack of regular breakfast consumption, obesity (odds ratios (ORs) 1.31, p values .005) and low alcohol use (OR 0.81, p .013) but not with smoking. Low health literacy was also associated with greater loneliness, engaging in fewer social activities, and having fewer social contacts (ORs 1.48, p values .005) but not with social support or living situation. Only the association between health literacy and smoking was moderated by social contacts, but this finding needs confirmation in future studies. In conclusion, low health literacy is negatively associated with health behaviors and social factors in older adults, but social factors seldom moderate the associations between health literacy and health behaviors.
Social Factors Influencing Child Health in Ghana
Venue: PloS one

Social factors have profound effects on health. Children are especially vulnerable to social influences, particularly in their early years. Adverse social exposures in childhood can lead to chronic disorders later in life. Here, we sought to identify and evaluate the impact of social factors on child health in Ghana. As Ghana is unlikely to achieve the Millennium Development Goals' target of reducing child mortality by two thirds between 1990 and 2015, we deemed it necessary to identify social determinants that might have contributed to the non realisation of this goal.  ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE via EBSCO and Google Scholar were searched for published articles reporting on the influence of social factors on child health in Ghana. After screening the 98 articles identified, 34 of them that met our inclusion criteria were selected for qualitative review.  Major social factors influencing child health in the country include maternal education, rural urban disparities (place of residence) family income (wealth/poverty) and high dependency (multiparousity) These factors are associated with child mortality, nutritional status of children, completion of immunisation programmes, health seeking behaviour and hygiene practices.  Several social factors influence child health outcomes in Ghana. Developing more effective responses to these social determinants would require sustainable efforts from all stakeholders including the Government, healthcare providers and families. We recommend the development of interventions that would support families through direct social support initiatives aimed at alleviating poverty and inequality, and indirect approaches targeted at eliminating the dependence of poor health outcomes on social factors. Importantly, the expansion of quality free education interventions to improve would be mother's health knowledge is emphasised.
Understanding Social Factors in the Context of Trauma: Implications for Measurement and Intervention

One of the most important factors predicting the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after trauma exposure is social support, yet the construct is theoretically complex and remains variably defined. To better inform the trauma literature on the impact of social factors, a theoretical review of social support and PTSD was conducted, and implications for measurement and intervention are outlined. Type of trauma, sex of participant, timing of social support, and support providers are described as significant moderators of the association between social factors and PTSD. The developmental trajectory of the association between social factors and PTSD occurrence is outlined, emphasizing the positive influence of social support initially following trauma, and the deterioration effect of PTSD symptoms on social support over the longer term. Possibilities for future research and intervention at multiple levels and at different time points are described.
University Students' Perceptions of Electronic Rubric Based Assessment

Integrating technology into assessment processes in university contexts can change educational practices, in some cases by fostering self regulated learning and in others by enabling more interactivity and participation among users. In this paper, we examine the opportunity to use electronic rubrics (erubrics) to assess learning. We report a student perception analysis on the process of assessment with electronic rubric at the university level. In this study, erubrics are applied in a Preschool (3 6 year olds) and Primary Education (6 12 year olds) pre service teacher context. 87 students from two Spanish universities enrolled in a quarterly course of Education Technologies in the Faculty of Education used erubrics (c) Gtea) for self and peer assessment. Through a design based research, the study concluded that electronic rubric is an assessment facilitating resource for students as participants in the assessment process. Students tend to be satisfied with their use in both self and peer assessment and acknowledge certain advantages regarding rubric features, implementation process and impact on learning process
The water food energy Nexus Realising a new paradigm

The water food energy Nexus has emerged as a new perspective in debates concerned with balancing potentially conflicting sectoral imperatives of large scale development investments concerned with energy, water or food security. Current frameworks are partial as they largely represent a water centric perspective. Our hypothesis is that a dynamic Nexus framework that attempts to equally weight sectoral objectives provides a new paradigm for diagnosis and investigation. Dynamic refers here to explicitly understanding (or a diagnosis of) the dynamic relationships and ripple effects whereas static comparative refers to a comparison of states before and after change. This paper proposes a balanced Nexus framework and presents results from an application to the Mekong basin. The analysis identified the advantages of a sectorally balanced, dynamic Nexus approach, in particular the ability to reveal either the emergence of cross sectoral connections, or changes in those connections, as a consequence of single sector interventions.
Mapping water provisioning services to support the ecosystem water food energy nexus in the Danube river basin

Water, food and energy are at the core of human needs and there is a boundless complex cycle among these three basic human needs. Ecosystems are in the center of this nexus, since they contribute to the provision of each component, making it imperative to understand the role of ecosystems in securing food, water and energy for human well being. In this study we aimed to map and assess water provisioning services and associated benefits to support the ecosystem water food energy nexus by taking into account environmental flow requirements for riverine ecosystems using the hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) We developed a framework that includes indicators of renewable water (capacity of ecosystem to provide water) and water use (service flow) and we applied it in the Danube river basin over the period 1995 2004. Water scarcity indicators were used to map the possible water scarcity in the subbasins, and analyze the spatial match of water availability and water use. The results show that modelling is instrumental to perform the integrated analysis of the ecosystem water food energy nexus; and that spatial mapping is a powerful tool to display environmental availability of water provisioning and regulatory services delivered by ecosystems, and can support the nexus analysis.
The Effects of Forest Therapy on Coping with Chronic Widespread Pain: Physiological and Psychological Differences between Participants in a Forest Therapy Program and a Control Group
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a two day forest therapy program on individuals with chronic widespread pain. Sixty one employees of a public organization providing building and facilities management services within the Seoul Metropolitan area participated in the study. Participants were assigned to an experimental group (n 33) who participated in a forest therapy program or a control group (n 28) on a non random basis. Pre and post measures of heart rate variability (HRV) Natural Killer cell (NK cell) activity, self reported pain using the visual analog scale (VAS) depression level using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and health related quality of life measures using the EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ VAS) were collected in both groups. The results showed that participants in the forest therapy group, as compared to the control group, showed physiological improvement as indicated by a significant increase in some measures of HRV and an increase in immune competence as indicated by NK cell activity. Participants in the forest therapy group also reported significant decreases in pain and depression, and a significant improvement in health related quality of life. These results support the hypothesis that forest therapy is an effective intervention to relieve pain and associated psychological and physiological symptoms in individuals with chronic widespread pain.
BioWatch: A Noninvasive Wrist Based Blood Pressure Monitor That Incorporates Training Techniques for Posture and Subject Variability
Venue: IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics

Noninvasive continuous blood pressure (BP) monitoring is not yet practically available for daily use. Challenges include making the system easily wearable, reducing noise level and improving accuracy. Variations in each person's physical characteristics, as well as the possibility of different postures, increase the complexity of continuous BP monitoring, especially outside the hospital. This study attempts to provide an easily wearable solution and proposes training to specific posture and individual for further improving accuracy. The wrist watch based system we developed can measure electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram. From these two signals, we measure pulse transit time through which we can obtain systolic and diastolic blood pressure through regression techniques. In this study, we investigate various functions to perform the training to obtain blood pressure. We validate measurements on different postures and subjects, and show the value of training the device to each posture and each subject. We observed that the average RMSE between the measured actual systolic BP and calculated systolic BP is between 7.83 to 9.37 mmHg across 11 subjects. The corresponding range of error for diastolic BP is 5.77 to 6.90 mmHg. The system can also automatically detect the arm position of the user using an accelerometer with an average accuracy of 98% to make sure that the sensor is kept at the proper height. This system, called BioWatch, can potentially be a unified solution for heart rate, SPO2 and continuous BP monitoring.