nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic concentration imaging of cavitation bubbles using Nakagami statistical model
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)

Cavitation is regarded as the primary mechanism in pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) therapy. Residual cavitation bubbles can be served as nuclei for the subsequent pHIFU cavitation. Therefore, information on spatial distribution especially concentration distribution of residual cavitation bubbles is important to better control pHIFU therapy. Acoustic spatial imaging of cavitation bubbles has been widely studied, while no research on quantitative bubble concentration imaging has been found. In this work, ultrasonic concentration imaging of cavitation bubbles was proposed based on Nakagami statistical model. The feasibility of Nakagami parameter m on concentration imaging of microbubbles was investigated firstly by simulation. Afterward, concentration imaging of cavitation bubbles by parameter m was performed in pHIFU experiments. Parameter m of cavitation bubbles increased with increasing concentrations and got saturated when concentrations above 16 bubbles/mm2, which indicated that parameter m could reflect bubble concentration at certain levels. Meanwhile, for the same concentration, parameter m kept almost constant under different imaging parameters, while the corresponding B mode echoes varied greatly. Parameter m of cavitation bubbles in pHIFU decreased as bubbles dissipated gradually. All results showed that Nakagami parameter m can reflect the concentration distribution of cavitation bubbles, which provides a new method for better monitoring and optimization of pHIFU therapy.
The influence of customer engagement in value co creation on customer satisfaction: Searching for new forms of co creation in the Russian hotel industry

This paper aims to define relevant forms of co creation activities and customer engagement in value co creation geared toward increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty in the Russian hotel industry.  Secondary data analysis of hotels' websites, annual reports and published interviews was conducted to investigate how hotels co create the experience environment. Also, content analysis of tourist comments in social media was conducted to assess the relationship between customer engagement in value co creation and customer satisfaction. The sample for this study includes hotels located in Moscow using customer experience as a source of value creation.  Based on the analysis of best practice of customer engagement in value co creation in the hotel industry, a classification of co creation activity forms was developed. Five forms of co creation activities have been identified: feedback, co production, firm driven service innovation, customer driven customization and co creation. Applied data also provide insights on the development of the hotel industry in Moscow. The majority of hotels engaging customers in value co creation in Moscow are international. Hotels more often use customization, service innovation and especially co production than co creation, as co creation is a new market strategy for the Russian market. The high price segment hotels more often use customization, whereas hostels usually implement value co creation with clients. It can be explained by the difference between the target audience and the resources available. This study helps to understand whether forms of customer engagement in value co creation in the Russian hotel industry match international experience and findings of theoretical studies.  The sample group represents only hotels in Moscow, and the study utilizes only qualitative techniques. An increase in both the sample size and geographical diversity and a study using both qualitative and quantitative techniques may generate more insights relating to customer engagement in value co creation in Russian hotels.  This is an insightful comparative study of customer engagement in value co creation practices of hotels with different attributes, and the study identifies new opportunities to engage customers in value co creation in the hotel industry.
The Use of Social Media by Local Government Units to Communicate with Stakeholders

In these times of growing competition among local government units (LGUs) to win domestic and foreign clients, promotion is becoming increasingly important. Traditionally, promotion was associated with messages and incentives to use the subproducts on offer. Also, it involved LGUs' efforts to remain distinct from the competition. These functions now prove insufficient, however, as consumption is shifting towards the virtual world as a result of the emergence of new technologies and ever growing access to the Internet. It has become necessary for LGUs to build interactions that enable cities and regions to pursue publicity and encourage the use of their services, as well as to gain valuable information to, for instance, see whether their decisions are right, or to identify the weaknesses of the local products and services. This shift in the approach to promotion is facilitated by an ever increasing customer engagement in co creating local value. Given the ongoing transformations within the environment of LGUs, there is growing reason to shift from the traditional promotion strategy driven by oneway communication towards marketing communication, which is "a specific process of interaction and dialogue" [Wiktor, 2013, p. 14] between an LGU and its target audience. Due to the specific nature of the audiences, who "are involved in and affected by LGUs' efforts to achieve their objectives, thereby indirectly influencing the way entire LGUs function" these audiences should be considered as stakeholders [Kuzniar, 2013, p. 9]
Gigahertz repetition rate Tm doped fiber laser passively mode locked by optoacoustic effects in nanobore photonic crystal fiber.
Venue: Optics letters

We report a Tm doped soliton fiber laser passively mode locked by intense optoacoustic interactions in a short length of solid core silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a nanobore in core center. A repetition rate of 1.446 GHz pulse is achieved, corresponding to the 52nd harmonic of the 27.8 MHz cavity round trip frequency. Strong optoacoustic interactions in this PCF based, Tm doped fiber laser ensure stable and repeatable gigahertz rate pulse train generation at 1.85 mm wavelength, with a high supermode noise suppression ratio and low pulse timing jitter.
Study of the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves of the dwarfish palm tree Chamaerops humilis L of Morocco outside the blooming season

The wild sample of the dwarfish palm tree (Chamaerops humilis L. was collected in the region of Benslimane (center of Morocco) in January, 2015. Leaves of this plant were distilled by a Clevenger device. The obtained essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The obtained yield is 0.19 with a total of 15 compound. The main components of this oil are Spathulenol (25.49 Palmitic acid (14.37 Beta. Eudesmol (9.19 the Oxide of Caryophylene (5.23 Octadecanal (5.16 and Phytol (4.16 We confirm that we are the first ones who analyzed the essential oil of this plant outside the blooming season and found this number of constituent.
An Evaluation of the Quality and Patient Satisfaction With an Advanced Nurse Practitioner Service in the Emergency Department

The main aim of this survey was to explore patients' satisfaction and evaluate the quality of care provided by an advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) service in an emergency department. ANPs increasingly assume the role of providing care for patients in Irish emergency departments. Measuring the impact of ANP services on patient outcomes has become a necessary component of performance evaluation. A prospective survey design was used for this study, which incorporated a self complete questionnaire. The majority of respondents perceived the ANP service positively. There was a high level of patient satisfaction associated with waiting times, pain management, advice given, and communication. This survey demonstrated the provision of quality of care by the ANP service and correspondingly high levels of patient satisfaction.
Conditional Image Generation with PixelCNN Decoders
Venue: NIPS

This work explores conditional image generation with a new image density model based on the PixelCNN architecture. The model can be conditioned on any vector, including descriptive labels or tags, or latent embeddings created by other networks. When conditioned on class labels from the ImageNet database, the model is able to generate diverse, realistic scenes representing distinct animals, objects, landscapes and structures. When conditioned on an embedding produced by a convolutional network given a single image of an unseen face, it generates a variety of new portraits of the same person with different facial expressions, poses and lighting conditions. We also show that conditional PixelCNN can serve as a powerful decoder in an image autoencoder. Additionally, the gated convolutional layers in the proposed model improve the log likelihood of PixelCNN to match the state of the art performance of PixelRNN on ImageNet, with greatly reduced computational cost.
SwissCheese at SemEval 2016 Task 4: Sentiment Classification Using an Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks with Distant Supervision
Venue: *SEMEVAL

In this paper, we propose a classifier for predicting message level sentiments of English micro blog messages from Twitter. Our method builds upon the convolutional sentence embedding approach proposed by (Severyn and Moschitti, 2015a; Severyn and Moschitti, 2015b) We leverage large amounts of data with distant supervision to train an ensemble of 2 layer convolutional neural networks whose predictions are combined using a random forest classifier. Our approach was evaluated on the datasets of the SemEval 2016 competition (Task 4) outperforming all other approaches for the Message Polarity Classification task.
Localized Spot Patterns on the Sphere for Reaction Diffusion Systems: Theory and Open Problems

A new class of point interaction problem characterizing the time evolution of spatially localized spots for reaction diffusion (RD) systems on the surface of the sphere is introduced and studied. This problem consists of a differential algebraic system (DAE) of ODEs for the locations of a collection of spots on the sphere, and is derived from an asymptotic analysis in the large diffusivity ratio limit of certain singularly perturbed two component RD systems. In Trinh and Ward (The dynamics of localized spot patterns for reaction diffusion systems on the sphere. Nonlinearity Nonlinearity 29 (3) 766 806 (2016) this DAE system was derived for the Brusselator and Schnakenberg RD systems, and herein we extend this previous analysis to the Gray Scott RD model. Results and open problems pertaining to the determination of equilibria of this DAE system, and its relation to elliptic Fekete point sets are highlighted. The potential of deriving similar DAE systems for more complicated modeling scenarios is discussed.
Cardiovascular risk prediction: Can Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) be improved by adding simple risk markers? Results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Venue: European journal of preventive cardiology

European society of cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend that cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification in asymptomatic individuals is based on the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) algorithm, which estimates individual 10 year risk of death from CVD. We assessed the potential improvement in CVD risk stratification of 19 easily available risk markers by adding them to the SCORE algorithm.  We followed 8476 individuals without prior CVD or diabetes from the Copenhagen City Heart study. The 19 risk markers were: major and minor electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, heart rate, family history (of ischaemic heart disease) body mass index (BMI) waist hip ratio, walking duration and pace, leisure time physical activity, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1%pred, household income, education, vital exhaustion, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) apolipoprotein B (ApoB) high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen. With the exception of family history, BMI, triglycerides and minor ECG changes, all risk markers remained significantly associated with CVD mortality after adjustment for SCORE variables. However, the addition of the remaining 15 risk markers resulted in only small changes in discrimination calculated by area under the curve (AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and no improvement in net reclassification improvement (NRI) HsCRP improved AUC by 0.006 (p 0.015) and IDI by 0.012 (p 0.002) FEV1%pred improved AUC by 0.006 (p 0.032) and IDI by 0.006 (p 0.029) In the intermediate risk group FEV1%pred, education, vital exhaustion and ApoA1 all improved NRI but FEV1%pred was the only risk marker to significantly improve both IDI, AUC and NRI.  The SCORE algorithm predicted CVD mortality in a Danish cohort well. Despite strong association with CVD mortality, the individual addition of 19 easily available risk makers to the SCORE model resulted in small risk stratification improvements.
Regulation of Leaf Starch Degradation by Abscisic Acid Is Important for Osmotic Stress Tolerance in Plants[OPEN]
Venue: Plant Cell

Starch in the chloroplasts of osmotically stressed leaves is degraded by the synergistic action of abscisic acid controlled enzymes to sustain both carbon export to the root and osmolyte accumulation. Starch serves functions that range over a timescale of minutes to years, according to the cell type from which it is derived. In guard cells, starch is rapidly mobilized by the synergistic action of b AMYLASE1 (BAM1) and a AMYLASE3 (AMY3) to promote stomatal opening. In the leaves, starch typically accumulates gradually during the day and is degraded at night by BAM3 to support heterotrophic metabolism. During osmotic stress, starch is degraded in the light by stress activated BAM1 to release sugar and sugar derived osmolytes. Here, we report that AMY3 is also involved in stress induced starch degradation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis thaliana amy3 bam1 double mutants are hypersensitive to osmotic stress, showing impaired root growth. amy3 bam1 plants close their stomata under osmotic stress at similar rates as the wild type but fail to mobilize starch in the leaves. 14C labeling showed that amy3 bam1 plants have reduced carbon export to the root, affecting osmolyte accumulation and root growth during stress. Using genetic approaches, we further demonstrate that abscisic acid controls the activity of BAM1 and AMY3 in leaves under osmotic stress through the AREB/ABF SnRK2 kinase signaling pathway. We propose that differential regulation and isoform subfunctionalization define starch adaptive plasticity, ensuring an optimal carbon supply for continued growth under an ever changing environment.
Blue Light Induces a Distinct Starch Degradation Pathway in Guard Cells for Stomatal Opening
Venue: Current Biology

Stomatal pores form a crucial interface between the leaf mesophyll and the atmosphere, controlling water and carbon balance in plants  Major advances have been made in understanding the regulatory networks and ion fluxes in the guard cells surrounding the stomatal pore  However, our knowledge on the role of carbon metabolism in these cells is still fragmentary [3 5] In particular, the contribution of starch in stomatal opening remains elusive [6] Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant to provide the first quantitative analysis of starch turnover in guard cells of intact leaves during the diurnal cycle. Starch is present in guard cells at the end of night, unlike in the rest of the leaf, but is rapidly degraded within 30 min of light. This process is critical for the rapidity of stomatal opening and biomass production. We exploited Arabidopsis molecular genetics to define the mechanism and regulation of guard cell starch metabolism, showing it to be mediated by a previously uncharacterized pathway. This involves the synergistic action of b amylase 1 (BAM1) and a amylase 3 (AMY3) enzymes that are normally not required for nighttime starch degradation in other leaf tissues. This pathway is under the control of the phototropin dependent blue light signaling cascade and correlated with the activity of the plasma membrane H( ATPase. Our results show that guard cell starch degradation has an important role in plant growth by driving stomatal responses to light.
Analysis of resistant starch degradation in postharvest ripening of two banana cultivars: Focus on starch structure and amylases

Bananas are well known as good sources of dietary energy, with high levels of sugar and starch. To further analyze the starch degradation mechanism in bananas, two species, Cavendish and Plantain, were used to investigate the influences of hydrolases and granule structure on starch degradation. Determination of the levels of resistant starch (RS) non resistant starch (non RS) total starch, and amylose content showed that each starch component content decreased gradually during the fruit ripening process in both Cavendish and Plantain. Compared to Cavendish, Plantain had a higher content of total starch and RS, a faster starch degradation rate, and a lower decrease in the ratio of RS/total starch. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the starch granules of Cavendish were larger and more rounded than the smaller and ellipsoidal starch granules found in Plantain. Also, the analysis of gene expression suggested that b amylases make a central contribution to starch degradation in both species and highly up regulated b amylases were correlated with the faster starch degradation rate in Plantain. Two a amylases, one starch phosphorylase, and one starch debranching enzyme were specifically up regulated in Plantain, which might hydrolyse more non RS compared with Cavendish.
The Starch Granule Associated Protein EARLY STARVATION1 Is Required for the Control of Starch Degradation in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves[OPEN]
Venue: Plant Cell

Two proteins present in leaf starch granules are important for the control of starch turnover, allowing plants to match the depletion of starch reserves to the length of the night. To uncover components of the mechanism that adjusts the rate of leaf starch degradation to the length of the night, we devised a screen for mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants in which starch reserves are prematurely exhausted. The mutation in one such mutant, named early starvation1 (esv1) eliminates a previously uncharacterized protein. Starch in mutant leaves is degraded rapidly and in a nonlinear fashion, so that reserves are exhausted 2 h prior to dawn. The ESV1 protein and a similar uncharacterized Arabidopsis protein (named Like ESV1 [LESV] are located in the chloroplast stroma and are also bound into starch granules. The region of highest similarity between the two proteins contains a series of near repeated motifs rich in tryptophan. Both proteins are conserved throughout starch synthesizing organisms, from angiosperms and monocots to green algae. Analysis of transgenic plants lacking or overexpressing ESV1 or LESV, and of double mutants lacking ESV1 and another protein necessary for starch degradation, leads us to propose that these proteins function in the organization of the starch granule matrix. We argue that their misexpression affects starch degradation indirectly, by altering matrix organization and, thus, accessibility of starch polymers to starch degrading enzymes.
Characterization of Starch Degradation Related Genes in Postharvest Kiwifruit
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

Starch is one of the most important storage carbohydrates in plants. Kiwifruit typically accumulate large amounts of starch during development. The fruit retain starch until commercial maturity, and its postharvest degradation is essential for consumer acceptance. The activity of genes related to starch degradation has, however, rarely been investigated. Based on the kiwifruit genome sequence and previously reported starch degradation related genes, 17 novel genes were isolated and the relationship between their expression and starch degradation was examined using two sets of materials: ethylene treated (100 uL/L, 20 degC; ETH) vs. control (20 degC; CK) and controlled atmosphere stored (CA, 5% CO2 2% O2, 0 degC) vs. normal atmosphere in cold storage (NA, 0 degC) Physiological analysis indicated that ETH accelerated starch degradation and increased soluble solids content (SSC) and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) while CA inhibited starch reduction compared with NA. Using these materials, expression patterns of 24 genes that may contribute to starch degradation (seven previously reported and 17 newly isolated) were analyzed. Among the 24 genes, AdAMY1, AdAGL3 and AdBAM3.1/3L/9 were significantly induced by ETH and positively correlated with starch degradation. Furthermore, these five genes were also inhibited by CA, conforming the likely involvement of these genes in starch degradation. Thus, the present study has identified the genes with potential for involvement in starch degradation in postharvest kiwifruit, which will be useful for understanding the regulation of kiwifruit starch content and metabolism.