nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Using wellbeing for public policy: Theory, measurement, and recommendations

Indicators of social progress are the primary drivers of public policy. If existing economic measures of prosperity are complemented with wellbeing metrics that better capture changes in individuals' quality of life, decision makers will be better informed to assess and design policy. The science of wellbeing has yielded extensive knowledge and measurement instruments during more than three decades. We review the existing wellbeing literature and answer three questions: (1) What is wellbeing? (2) How do we measure wellbeing? And, importantly, distinguishing this review from previous ones, (3) How do we use wellbeing metrics to assess and design policy? We suggest that the science of wellbeing is empirically mature enough to complement economic assessments of national progress. We build on existing work to provide recommendations on metrics and new, specific policies for societal wellbeing.
Self emulsifying drug delivery systems for solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs

Oral delivery of lipophilic drugs having low aqueou s solubility presents a major challenge in pharmace utical product development because these drugs have limite d solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and hence h ave poor absorption and bioavailability. Various pharmaceuti cal techniques involving chemical modification (e.g pro drug, salt formation etc. or formulation modification (e .g. size reduction, solid dispersion, lipid based d rug delivery systems etc. are available for solubility enhancem ent of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. The formulatio n approach is better option than chemical modification approach w ich may lead to the change in chemical structure w hich in turn may influence pharmacological activity of drug Out of various formulation approaches Lipid based drug delivery systems have taken much attention due to t heir excellent ability to improve the solubility an d bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs and higher degree of bi compatibility. Lipid based drug delivery systems ay include emulsions (self emulsifying drug delivery systems) vesicular systems (Liposomes, Neosomes) and partic ul te system (solid lipid particle) Self emulsifying drug deliv ery systems are isotropic mixture of natural or syn thetic oils, surfactants and/or one or more hydrophilic co surfa ctants which upon mild agitation followed by diluti on in aqueous media, such as GI fluids, can form fine oil in water (o/w) emulsions or microemulsions. Self e mulsifying drug delivery systems are gaining popularity in pha rm ceutical research and development because of man y advantages like reduction in intra subject and inte r subject variability and food effect, capability t o deliver peptides that are prone to enzymatic hydrolysis in GIT, suit able for formulating both liquid and solid dosage f orm and ease of manufacture and scale up.
Investigation of microwave healing performance of electrically conductive carbon fiber modified asphalt mixture beams

This presented paper aimed to investigate the physical properties and microwave healing performance of carbon fiber modified asphalt mixture. Two types of carbon fibers, HexTow(r) IM8 and AS4 (from HEXCEL Company) were added to asphalt mixture. About 2% and 4% HexTow(r) IM8 fiber (by mixture weight) were chopped and dry mixed for the modified asphalt mixture. About 1.5% and 3% of HexTow(r) AS4 fiber (by binder weight) were pre cut and wet mixed with asphalt binder then the modified asphalt mixture was produced. The thermal conductivity of carbon fiber modified asphalt mixture samples increased while the electrical resistivity decreased with added fiber content. The measured original fracture strengths from elastic supported beam bending tests indicated that the original fracture strength of the small amount carbon fiber modified asphalt mixture maintained or decreased. However, when the content of carbon fiber exceeds a certain amount, the original fracture strength increases due to fiber reinforcement. In addition, the cyclic fracture microwave healing tests were conducted to evaluate the healing performance of the control and carbon fibers modified asphalt mixture samples. The test results of recovered strength indicated that the carbon fiber modified asphalt mixture can achieve superior healing performance with microwave healing approach.
Effects of a Paired Literacy Program on Emerging Bilingual Children's Biliteracy Outcomes in Third Grade

This longitudinal study examined whether the implementation of a Spanish English paired literacy approach provides an academic advantage to emerging bilingual students over a sequential literacy approach. The study employed a quasi experimental design. It compared the biliteracy outcomes of third grade emerging bilingual learners participating in paired literacy instruction from Grades K 3 (n 167) to those of students from the same schools who received sequential literacy instruction in K 2 and started to participate in the paired literacy model in third grade (n 191) Students' writing and reading were assessed in both languages using informal measures; third grade reading scores on a high stakes state assessment were also examined. Independent samples t tests were conducted to compare means on the four measures (Spanish and English writing and reading) and Cohen's d was calculated to generate effect sizes for each assessment in each language. Frequencies were run to determine the percentage of students who met or exceeded the state test performance standards. Findings indicate that the paired literacy group scored considerably higher than students in the comparison group on all measures. Furthermore, differences between groups were statistically significant for each outcome measure in each language with moderate to large effect sizes (0.42 to 0.90) Also, a larger percentage of students in the paired literacy group met or exceeded the state test performance standards. These findings suggest that paired literacy instruction leads to stronger literacy outcomes in both languages than sequential literacy. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Mechanical characterization of sol gel epoxy silylated hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) coatings by means of Depth Sensing Indentation methods

A series of hybrid epoxy silica coatings were prepared from a synthesized hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) with ethoxysilyl groups at the chain ends and diglycidylether of bisphenol A in different proportions. The curing procedure was based in a first sol gel reaction performed at 80 degC in a humid chamber followed by the anionic homopolymerization of epoxides initiated by 1 methylimidazole in an oven at 180 degC. The prepared coatings were characterized mechanically by means of Depth Sensing Indentation technique. The influence of physical ageing on indentation hardness has been evaluated. The kinetic of the delayed depth recovery has been analyzed using the phenomenological so called Kohlrausch Williams Watts relaxation function. It has been found that silylated hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) improves simultaneously the mechanical coating performance and the elastic recovery.
A Demonstration of the Solid Platform for Social Web Applications
Venue: WWW

Solid is a decentralized platform for social Web applications. In the Solid platform, users' data is managed independently of the applications that create and consume this data. Each user stores their data in a Web accessible personal online datastore (or pod) Each user can have one or more pods from different pod providers, and can easily switch between providers. Applications access data in users' pods using well defined protocols, and a decentralized authentication and access control mechanism guarantees the privacy of the data. In this decentralized architecture, applications can operate on users' data wherever it is stored. Users control access to their data, and have the option to switch between applications at any time. We will demonstrate the utility of Solid and how it is experienced from the point of view of end users and application developers. For this, we will use a set of Solid servers and multiple Web applications that use these servers. We believe that experience with a concrete platform such as Solid is highly valuable in truly appreciating the power of a decentralized social Web.
Collective Noise Contrastive Estimation for Policy Transfer Learning
Venue: AAAI

We address the problem of learning behaviour policies to optimise online metrics from heterogeneous usage data. While online metrics, e.g. click through rate, can be optimised effectively using exploration data, such data is costly to collect in practice, as it temporarily degrades the user experience. Leveraging related data sources to improve online performance would be extremely valuable, but is not possible using current approaches. We formulate this task as a policy transfer learning problem, and propose a first solution, called collective noise contrastive estimation (collective NCE) NCE is an efficient solution to approximating the gradient of a logsoftmax objective. Our approach jointly optimises embeddings of heterogeneous data to transfer knowledge from the source domain to the target domain. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by learning an effective policy for an online radio station jointly from user generated playlists, and usage data collected in an exploration bucket.
Interaction between two contrasting magmas in the Albtal pluton (Schwarzwald, SW Germany) textural and mineral chemical evidence
Venue: International Journal of Earth Sciences

The magmatic evolution of the Variscan Albtal pluton, Schwarzwald, SW Germany, is explored using detailed textural observations and the chemical composition of plagioclase and biotite in both granite and its mafic magmatic enclaves (MMEs) MMEs probably formed in a two step process. First, mafic magma intruded a granitic magma chamber and created a boundary layer, which received thermal and compositional input from the mafic magma. This is indicated by corroded "granitic" quartz crystals and by large "granitic" plagioclase xenocrysts, which contain zones of higher anorthite and partly crystallized from a melt of higher Sr content. Texturally, different plagioclase types (e.g. zoned and inclusion rich types) correspond to different degrees of overprint most likely caused by a thermal and compositional gradient in the boundary layer. The intrusion of a second mafic magma batch into the boundary layer is recorded by a thin An50 zone along plagioclase rims that crystallized from a melt enriched in Sr. Most probably, the second mafic intrusion caused disruption of the boundary layer, dispersal of the hybrid magma in the granite magma and formation of the enclaves. Rapid thermal quenching of the MMEs in the granite magma is manifested by An30 overgrowths on large plagioclase grains that contain needle apatites. Our results demonstrate the importance of microtextural investigations for the reconstruction of possible mixing end members in the formation of granites.
Executive Leadership and Social Innovation in Direct Service Nonprofits: Shaping the Organizational Culture to Create Social Change

Direct service nonprofits have taken on increasing responsibility in creating social change (operationalized through the concept of social innovation) within local communities. Qualitative interviews were conducted with executive directors to determine the factors within the intra organizational environment that support an orientation toward social innovation. Findings show that aspects related to staff engagement and development and direction by the executive leadership team are particularly important. The findings provide a conceptual model of the varying intra organizational dynamics that support the development of a social innovation oriented organizational culture. This research offers a focus for social work education programs to equip practitioners with the skills needed in contemporary practice.
The shadow of history: Situated dynamics of trust in dual executive leadership

Both fascinating and perplexing for scholars and managers, dual executive leadership (DEL) is also challenging for the two leaders at the top level of the organization whose roles cut across professional and managerial functions and logics. Conflict may often be present in such duos and can undermine DEL success in the organization. Scholars of plural leadership suggest that trust is a key success factor for DEL relationships, although it has not been closely studied with history and context in mind. This research on DEL in eight non profit arts organizations provides insights on how past history casts a shadow that influences trust development over time within a DEL relationship and can influence the effectiveness of leadership on the organization. Implications are drawn for research in trust and plural leadership, as well as for boards of directors and current duos in practice.
Fortifying the Pipeline to Leadership: The International Center for Executive Leadership in Academics at Drexel

Despite two decades of increasing numbers of women entering the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) women remain sparsely represented in academic leadership. Two national programs, the Hedwig van Ameringen Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM(r) program and the Executive Leadership in Academic Technology and Engineering program at Drexel University (ELATE at Drexel(r) uniquely enhance the personal and professional skills of participants through experiential learning that increases organizational leadership capacity and innovation in their institutions while building a trusted learning community. This chapter describes the process of translating the successful ELAM leadership learning model to one that more broadly serves faculty in universities and colleges. Program evaluation is continuous and multidimensional, based upon participant experience during the fellowship and leadership advancement in the subsequent years. The outcome of 20 years of ELAM and the first 4 years of ELATE suggests a bright future for women who participate in these fellowships.
Foundations of Responsible Leadership: Asian Versus Western Executive Responsibility Orientations Toward Key Stakeholders

Exploring the construct of social responsibility orientation across three Asian and two Western societies (Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and the United States) we show evidence that top level executives in these societies hold fundamentally different beliefs about their responsibilities toward different stakeholders, with concomitant implications for their understanding and enactment of responsible leadership. We further find that these variations are more closely aligned with institutional factors than with cultural variables, suggesting a need to clarify the connection between culture and institutions on the one hand and culture and social responsibility orientations on the other.
Supply Chain Collaboration or Conflict? Information Sharing and Supply Chain Performance in the Automotive Industry

Information sharing in supply chains has taken a centre stage in the discourse of business and research in the last few decades, because information is not only the linchpin for companies for leaping ahead, but also the key to survival. It is thus imperative for practitioners to get inside the "black box" of the decision making context in which supply chain information is either shared or retained and to exploit the intricate relationship between information sharing/retaining and supply chain performance. In this study, the influential antecedents of the decision making process including goals, inter organizational conflicts, power, and trust are investigated on the supply chain level. Employing a comparative case study in the automotive industry, a set of theoretical propositions could be derived by focusing on causal process observations. Our study contributes to the process of theory construction and has several important implications for practitioners. Since goal conflicts are often not well understood in practice and their impact on supply chain performance is frequently realized with delay, practitioners need to know about the roles of goals, inter organizational conflict of goals, power, and trust in order to facilitate supply chain wide information sharing and improve supply chain performance.
How Incomplete Contracts Foster Innovation in Inter Organizational Relationships

Relative to relational governance, research into the use and effects of formal governance is scarce. Recent contributions suggest that a specific type of contract that has intentionally been left incomplete, the performance based contract (PBC) fosters innovation. However, it is unknown how this effect occurs. To address this gap, we draw on transaction cost economics and agency theory to develop propositions on how PBCs affect innovation. PBCs are characterized by low term specificity and rewards that are tied to performance. We propose that low term specificity, that is, not stipulating how the focal firm's partner should deliver the performance and which resources to use, enhances the partner's autonomy, which in turn fosters innovation. However, excessive low term specificity inhibits innovation, since it may lead the partner to display opportunistic behavior. We furthermore propose that performance based pay incentivizes the partner to engage in innovation. This suggests that linking rewards to performance attenuates the negative relationship between term specificity and innovation when the former is very low. Finally, we propose that a more risk averse partner will engage in fewer innovative activities as such a partner will be less sensitive to the pay for performance clause.
On the relationship between standard intersection cuts, lift and project cuts, and generalized intersection cuts
Venue: Math. Program.

We examine the connections between the classes of cuts in the title. We show that lift and project (L&P) cuts from a given disjunction are equivalent to generalized intersection cuts from the family of polyhedra obtained by taking positive combinations of the complements of the inequalities of each term of the disjunction. While L&P cuts from split disjunctions are known to be equivalent to standard intersection cuts (SICs) from the strip obtained by complementing the terms of the split, we show that L&P cuts from more general disjunctions may not be equivalent to any SIC. In particular, we give easily verifiable necessary and sufficient conditions for a L&P cut from a given disjunction D to be equivalent to a SIC from the polyhedral counterpart of D. Irregular L&P cuts, i.e. those that violate these conditions, have interesting properties. For instance, unlike the regular ones, they may cut off part of the corner polyhedron associated with the LP solution from which they are derived. Furthermore, they are not exceptional: their frequency exceeds that of regular cuts. A numerical example illustrates some of the above properties.
Generalized Intersection Kernel
Venue: ArXiv

Following the very recent line of work on the `generalized min max' (GMM) kernel, this study proposes the `generalized intersection' (GInt) kernel and the related `normalized generalized min max' (NGMM) kernel. In computer vision, the (histogram) intersection kernel has been popular, and the GInt kernel generalizes it to data which can have both negative and positive entries. Through an extensive empirical classification study on 40 datasets from the UCI repository, we are able to show that this (tuning free) GInt kernel performs fairly well. The empirical results also demonstrate that the NGMM kernel typically outperforms the GInt kernel. Interestingly, the NGMM kernel has another interpretation it is the `asymmetrically transformed' version of the GInt kernel, based on the idea of `asymmetric hashing' Just like the GMM kernel, the NGMM kernel can be efficiently linearized through (e.g. generalized consistent weighted sampling (GCWS) as empirically validated in our study. Owing to the discrete nature of hashed values, it also provides a scheme for approximate near neighbor search.
CEO Dismissal, Compensation and Topics of Board Meetings: The Case of China

Our paper examines the relationship between the frequency of board meetings on particular topics, and CEO dismissal/compensation and performance sensitivities. We utilize a unique dataset of specific topics discussed at board meetings, drawn from the reports of independent directors of listed firms in China over the period of 2003 to 2010. Our results show that turnover performance sensitivity is weaker when there is a higher frequency of board meetings discussing the nomination of directors and top management. Moreover, the link between CEO compensation and firm performance is enhanced only when directors meet more often to discuss growth strategies for the use of IPO proceeds, investment and acquisitions. The paper provides support for agency theories on the effectiveness of board monitoring. It sheds lights on what makes boards more effective, and how board monitoring of different decisions at board meetings modifies the connection between CEO interests and firm performance.
Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies.
Venue: Advances in experimental medicine and biology

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are an extremely heterogeneous group of genetic diseases for which currently no effective treatment strategies exist. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made utilizing gene augmentation therapy for a few genetic subtypes of IRD, although several technical challenges so far prevent a broad clinical application of this approach for other forms of IRD. Many of the mutations leading to these retinal diseases affect pre mRNA splicing of the mutated genes Antisense oligonucleotide (AON) mediated splice modulation appears to be a powerful approach to correct the consequences of such mutations at the pre mRNA level as demonstrated by promising results in clinical trials for several inherited disorders like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hypercholesterolemia and various types of cancer. In this mini review, we summarize ongoing pre clinical research on AON based therapy for a few genetic subtypes of IRD speculate on other potential therapeutic targets, and discuss the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead to translate splice modulation therapy for retinal disorders to the clinic.
A review of application of 3D hologram in education: A meta analysis
Venue: 2016 IEEE 8th International Conference on Engineering Education (ICEED)

The evolvement of technology has made tremendous contribution in the field of education. Generally, technology of three dimensional hologram (3DH) involve spatial displays which detaches the display technology from the user and integrate it into the real environment. This type of technology had been introduced with proven advantages for several decades especially in the field of digital art and medicine but yet to be explored in education field. This study takes a meta analysis approach to review the studies and provide a comprehensive analysis of ten studies from the year 2005 to 2015. These previous papers were analysed qualitatively and summarized according to the uses of 3DH as a visualization tools for teaching in various fields of education. This study shows 3DH is an effective teaching tool in attracting students' attention and enhance their understanding. This was because 3DH can dismantle a complex topic to a simpler form which improves students' comprehension. This study will provide valuable insight for educators to integrate 3DH technology as a replacement for the traditional learning method currently in use.