nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents a controlled, microbiological, clinical trial.
Venue: Journal of biophotonics

Halitosis can exert a negative influence on the social relations of adolescents and affect one's self image. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on halitosis in adolescents. Forty six individuals aged 12 to 19 years were randomly allocated: Group 1 treatment with photodynamic therapy; Group 2 treatment with a tongue scraper and Group 3 treatment with a tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The count of bacterial colony forming units per milliliter was used for the microbiological analysis. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Student Newman Keuls test. ANOVA was used for the determination of colony forming units after treatment. The level of significance for all statistical tests was 5% (p 0.05) After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in total volatile sulfur compounds was found in all groups (p 0.001) with the largest reduction (median: 0) found in Group 3 (tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy) Moreover, a statistically significant difference was found between treatment with aPDT and a tongue scraper alone (p 0.001) The present findings demonstrate an option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents, with an immediate effect and without the mechanical aggression to the toungue.
Economic and CO2 Emission Benefits of a Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Workplaces in the Netherlands
Venue: 2016 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC)

The paper analyses the economic and environmental benefits of charging electric vehicles (EV) at workplaces in the Netherlands using photovoltaic panels (PV) A 10kW EV PV charging system is used to charge the electric cars directly from photovoltaic panels. The cost of using a gasoline vehicle is compared with that of an electric vehicle that is charged from the grid or from solar panels. It is found that charging EV from PV results in huge savings in fuel cost, taxes and lower CO2 emissions. A comparison is made for solar panels installed on rooftops and as a solar carport and the impact of feed in tariffs on PV generation revenues is evaluated.
Owners of Learning. The Nyae Nyae Village Schools over Twenty Five Years

This book describes the Nyae Nyae Village Schools, an innovative and unique mother tongue education initiative set in north eastern Namibia. Inspired by the optimism of Independence, the project was designed in close consultation with the Ju|'hoansi community in the early 1990s. Drawing upon their traditional knowledge transmission strategies, and initiated in a supportive political environment, the project exemplified 'best practice. During the following two decades, the Village Schools have transitioned from a donor supported 'project' to government schools, and have received much attention and support from donors, civil society organisations, researchers, and others. However, the students still do not seem to succeed in the mainstream schools. Why is this? Based on long term field work in the region, including interviews with Nyae Nyae residents over several years and work with involved organisations, the book addresses this question. Contextualising the Village Schools within post Independence Namibia, southern African history and the global indigenous rights movement, it examines the enormous paradoxes that schooling presents for the Nyae Nyae community. 'Owners of Learning' is the English translation of the Ju|'hoansi word for 'teacher' and it serves to highlight a fundamental question to whom does education belong?
Citrus limon extract: possible inhibitory mechanisms affecting testicular functions and fertility in male mice
Venue: Systems biology in reproductive medicine

The effect of oral administration of 50% ethanolic leaf extract of Citrus limon (500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day) for 35 days on fertility and various male reproductive endpoints was evaluated in Parkes strain of mice. Testicular indices such as histology, 3b and 17b HSD enzymes activity, immunoblot expression of StAR and P450scc, and germ cell apoptosis by TUNEL and CASP 3 expression were assessed. Motility, viability, and number of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis, level of serum testosterone, fertility indices, and toxicological parameters were also evaluated. Histologically, testes in extract treated mice showed nonuniform degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules. Treatment had adverse effects on steroidogenic markers in the testis and induced germ cell apoptosis. Significant reductions were noted in epididymal sperm parameters and serum level of testosterone in Citrus treated mice compared to controls. Fertility of the extract treated males was also suppressed, but libido remained unaffected. By 56 days of treatment withdrawal, alterations induced in the above parameters returned to control levels suggesting that Citrus treatment causes reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility in Parkes mice. Suppression of spermatogenesis may result from germ cell apoptosis because of decreased production of testosterone. The present work indicated that Citrus leaves can affect male reproduction.
Performance and sustainability of two alternative rabbit breeding systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 alternative breeding systems that differ from the current system in terms of reproduction rhythm, age of females at first insemination and the age of kits at weaning and at slaughter. We measured the performance of 332 females and their offspring over 4 consecutive cycles, as well as the sustainability of the systems. We compared an intensive (group I: reproduction rhythm [RR]=35 d; first insemination [AI 1 =20.6 wk of age; weaning age [WA]=32 d; slaughter age [WS]=63 d) an extensive (group E: RR=49 d; AI 1 =16.6 wk; WA=30 d; WS=70 d) and a semi intensive system (group S: RR=42 d; AI 1 =19.6 wk; WA=35 d; WS=70 d) considered as the control system. Sustainability was evaluated using a multicriteria assessment method that takes 14 economic, environmental and social criteria into account, for which 3 to 5 indicators were expressed as the relative score 1; 0.5; 0; +0.5; +1] for alternative systems compared to the control system. The productivity measured at 28 d (3.5, 4.2 and 4.6 kg/AI, for groups I, S and E, respectively) at 63 d post partum (30, 38 and 42 kg/female for 4 cycles, respectively) and the total body energy measured 3 d after the 1st and at the 4th insemination (45.4, 46.8 and 49.5 MJ, respectively) were significantly increased when the reproductive rhythm decreased (P<0.001) Before and after weaning, kit mortality decreased when the reproduction rhythm decreased (11.4, 7.3, and 1.9% and 18.3, 15.3 and 10.6% for groups I, S and E, respectively, P<0.05) Carcass quality (weight and dressing percentage) was lower in I than in the S and E groups (P<0.001) On this basis, the yearly productivity per doe at weaning could be estimated at 79, 83, and 78 kg for groups I, S and E, respectively. Consequently, the productivity per reproductive cycle increases with the extensification of the breeding system. Nevertheless, compared with the current French system (S) simultaneous changes in several breeding practices could lead to new coherent and functional systems capable of improving various aspects of sustainability.
Promising features of Moringa oleifera oil: recent updates and perspectives
Venue: Lipids in Health and Disease

Lipids are the concentrated source of energy, fat soluble vitamins, essential fatty acids, carriers of flavours and many bio active compounds with important role in maintaining physiological functions of biological body. Moringa oleifera is native to Himalaya and widely grown in many Asian and African countries with seed oil content range from 35 40% Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) has light yellow colour with mild nutty flavour and fatty acids composition suggests that MOO is highly suitable for both edible and non edible applications. MOO is extremely resistant to autoxidation which can be used as an antioxidant for the long term stabilization of commercial edible oils. Thermal stability of MOO is greater than soybean, sunflower, canola and cottonseed oils. High oleic contents of MOO are believed to have the capability of increasing beneficial HDL cholesterol and decreased the serum cholesterol and triglycerides. MOO applications have also been explored in cosmetics, folk medicines and skin care formulations. Overall, this review focuses on commercial production status, food applications, antioxidant characteristics, health benefits, thermal stability, fractionation, cholesterol contents, medicinal, nutraceutical action, toxicological evaluation, biodiesel production, personal care formulations and future perspectives of the MOO for the stake holders to process and utilize MOO as a new source of edible oil for industrial purpose.
Wheat Allergy and Intolerence; Recent Updates and Perspectives
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

The current review paper highlights the complicacies associated with communities relying on wheat as their dietary staple. Although, wheat is an important source of nutrients but is also linked with allergenic responses in genetically susceptible subjects. The wheat proteins especially a amylase inhibitors, o 5 gliadins, prolamins, nonprolamin, glucoprotein, and profilins are of significance importance. The allergenic responses are further categorized into IgE mediated and non IgE mediated reactions. Conjugation and degranulation of the IgEs with the allergens results in release of several mediators. In contrary, non IgE mediated wheat allergy depends on immune complexes formed by food and food antibodies and cell mediated immunity. As results, different diseases tend to occur on the completion of these reactions, i.e. celiac disease, baker's asthma, diarrhea, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria. This instant paper highlighted the concept of food allergy with special reference to wheat. The models are developed that are included in this paper showing the wheat allergen, their possible routes, impact on human health, and indeed possible remedies. The paper would provide the basic information for the researchers, common man, and allied stakeholders to cater the issue in details. However, the issue needs the attention of the researchers as there is a need to clarify the issues of wheat allergy and wheat intolerance.
Challenging the Conventional Standard for Thoracic Spine Range of Motion: A Systematic Review
Venue: JBJS reviews

Segmental motion is a fundamental characteristic of the thoracic spine; however, studies of segmental ranges of motion have not been summarized or analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to present a summary of the literature on intact cadaveric thoracic spine segmental range of motion in each anatomical plane.  A systematic MEDLINE search was performed with use of the terms "thoracic spine," "motion," and "cadaver." Reports that included data on the range of motion of intact thoracic human cadaveric spines were included. Independent variables included experimental details (e.g. specimen age) type of loading (e.g. pure moments) and applied moment. Dependent variables included the ranges of motion in flexion extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.  Thirty three unique articles were identified and included. Twenty three applied pure moments to thoracic spine specimens, with applied moments ranging from 1.5 to 8 Nm. Estimated segmental range of motion pooled means ranged from 1.9deg to 3.8deg in flexion extension, from 2.1deg to 4.4deg in lateral bending, and from 2.4deg to 5.2deg in axial rotation. The sums of the range of motion pooled means (T1 to T12) were 28deg in flexion extension, 36deg in lateral bending, and 45deg in axial rotation.  The pooled ranges of motion were similar to reported in vivo motions but were considerably smaller in magnitude than the frequently referenced values reported prior to the widespread use of biomechanical testing standards. Improved reporting of biomechanical testing methods, as well as specimen health, may be beneficial for improving on these estimations of segmental cadaveric thoracic spine range of motion.
Age Related and Degenerative Changes in the Osseous Anatomy, Alignment, and Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine: A Comparative Study of Radiographic Data From 1016 Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and 1230 Asymptomatic Subjects
Venue: Spine

A prospective comparative study.  This study aimed to establish cervical spine morphometry, alignment, and range of motion (ROM) and to clarify the impact of these age related and degenerative changes.  There are no studies that have evaluated differences in the results of cervical spine radiographs between a large series of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients and healthy subjects.  We enrolled 1016 consecutive CSM patients who underwent laminoplasty. CSM patients were also divided based on each decade of life between the fourth and ninth decades. We also enrolled a total of 1230 healthy volunteers as asymptomatic subjects in this study. There were at least 100 men and 100 women in each decade of life between the third and eighth decades. Cervical sagittal alignment on neutral and flexion extension views was measured by the Cobb method at C2 7. ROM was assessed by measuring the difference in alignment between flexion and extension.  Cervical lordosis in the neutral position increased gradually with age in both groups. CSM patients showed significantly smaller lordotic angles compared with those shown by asymptomatic subjects within each decade. The total ROM decreased with increasing age in both groups. The total ROM of females was larger than males. The ROM of CSM patients was significantly smaller than asymptomatic subjects. The flexion ROM did not change with aging in either group. There was no significant difference in the flexion ROM between males and females in the two groups. However, the extension ROM decreased gradually in both groups. The extension ROM of CSM patients was significantly smaller than asymptomatic subjects.  Age related and degenerative changes in the cervical spine, alignment, and ROM in each decade of life were established between CSM patients and asymptomatic subjects.
Is thoracic spine posture associated with shoulder pain, range of motion and function? A systematic review.
Venue: Manual therapy

Excessive thoracic kyphosis is considered a predisposing factor for shoulder pain, though there is uncertainty about the nature of the relationship between shoulder pain and thoracic spine posture. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the relationship between thoracic kyphosis and shoulder pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and function.  Two reviewers independently searched eight electronic databases and identified relevant studies by applying eligibility criteria. Sources of bias were assessed independently by two reviewers using a previously validated tool (Ijaz et al. 2013) Data were synthesised using a level of evidence approach (van Tulder et al. 2003)  Ten studies were included. Four studies were rated as low risk of bias, three at moderate risk of bias and three at high risk of bias. There is a moderate level of evidence of no significant difference in thoracic kyphosis between groups with and without shoulder pain. One study at high risk of bias demonstrated significantly greater thoracic kyphosis in people with shoulder pain (p 0.05) There is a strong level of evidence that maximum shoulder ROM is greater in erect postures compared to slouched postures (p 0.001) in people with and without shoulder pain.  Thoracic kyphosis may not be an important contributor to the development of shoulder pain. While there is evidence that reducing thoracic kyphosis facilitates greater shoulder ROM, this is based on single session studies whose long term clinical relevance is unclear. Higher quality research is warranted to fully explore the role of thoracic posture in shoulder pain.
Sagittal range of motion of the thoracic spine using inertial tracking device and effect of measurement errors on model predictions.
Venue: Journal of biomechanics

Range of motion (ROM) of the thoracic spine has implications in patient discrimination for diagnostic purposes and in biomechanical models for predictions of spinal loads. Few previous studies have reported quite different thoracic ROMs. Total (T1 T12) lower (T5 T12) and upper (T1 T5) thoracic, lumbar (T12 S1) pelvis, and entire trunk (T1) ROMs were measured using an inertial tracking device as asymptomatic subjects flexed forward from their neutral upright position to full forward flexion. Correlations between body height and the ROMs were conducted. An effect of measurement errors of the trunk flexion (T1) on the model predicted spinal loads was investigated. Mean of peak voluntary total flexion of trunk (T1) was 118.4 13.9deg, of which 20.5 6.5deg was generated by flexion of the T1 to T12 (thoracic ROM) and the remaining by flexion of the T12 to S1 (lumbar ROM) (50.2 7.0deg) and pelvis (47.8 6.9deg) Lower thoracic ROM was significantly larger than upper thoracic ROM (14.8 5.4deg versus 5.8 3.1deg) There were non significant weak correlations between body height and the ROMs. Contribution of the pelvis to generate the total trunk flexion increased from ~20% to 40% and that of the lumbar decreased from ~60% to 42% as subjects flexed forward from upright to maximal flexion while that of the thoracic spine remained almost constant ~16% to 20% during the entire movement. Small uncertainties 5deg) in the measurement of trunk flexion angle resulted in considerable errors ~27% in the model predicted spinal loads only in activities involving small trunk flexion.
Low frequency observations of linearly polarized structures in the interstellar medium near the south Galactic pole

We present deep polarimetric observations at 154 MHz with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) covering 625 deg^2 centered on RA=0 h,  The sensitivity available in our deep observations allows an in band, frequency dependent analysis of polarized structure for the first time at long wavelengths. Our analysis suggests that the polarized structures are dominated by intrinsic emission but may also have a foreground Faraday screen component. At these wavelengths, the compactness of the MWA baseline distribution provides excellent snapshot sensitivity to large scale structure. The observations are sensitive to diffuse polarized emission at ~54' resolution with a sensitivity of 5.9 mJy beam^ 1 and compact polarized sources at ~2.4' resolution with a sensitivity of 2.3 mJy beam^ 1 for a subset (400 deg^2) of this field. The sensitivity allows the effect of ionospheric Faraday rotation to be spatially and temporally measured directly from the diffuse polarized background. Our observations reveal large scale structures ~1 deg 8 deg in extent) in linear polarization clearly detectable in ~2 minute snapshots, which would remain undetectable by interferometers with minimum baseline lengths >110 m at 154 MHz. The brightness temperature of these structures is on average 4 K in polarized intensity, peaking at 11 K. Rotation measure synthesis reveals that the structures have Faraday depths ranging from 2 rad m^ 2 to 10 rad m^ 2 with a large fraction peaking at +1 rad m^ 2. We estimate a distance of 51+ 20 pc to the polarized emission based on measurements of the in field pulsar J2330 2005. We detect four extragalactic linearly polarized point sources within the field in our compact source survey. Based on the known polarized source population at 1.4 GHz and non detections at 154 MHz, we estimate an upper limit on the depolarization ratio of 0.08 from 1.4 GHz to 154 MHz.
Single zone zero dimensional model study for diesel fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines using Cantera

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine technology is relatively new and the combustion behavior in an HCCI engine is difficult to predict. The combustion is fully controlled by the chemical kinetics and the chemical reaction of the mixture is influenced by changing input parameters. A zero dimensional single zone model was used to investigate the combustion behavior of a diesel engine operating in HCCI mode. An open source chemical kinetics package from Cantera was used in this study. The combustion behaviour can be observed, where H2O2 was fully decomposed during the main combustion event. The time for H2O2 to completely decompose into OH radicals was very short, which was about 5degCA. The combustion phasing was predicted in accordance with the experiment. The auto ignition can be controlled by controlling the intake temperature or AFR. The start of combustion was advanced by increasing the intake temperature from 20 to 70degC and reducing the AFR from 58 to 29. However, reducing AFR will increase the in cylinder peak pressure. In general, a zero dimensional model is a useful and faster tool to predict the combustion phasing. When coupled with chemical kinetics, it provides more accurate results.
Prediction of anti cancer drug response by kernelized multi task learning.
Venue: Artificial intelligence in medicine

Chemotherapy or targeted therapy are two of the main treatment options for many types of cancer. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer, the success of the therapeutic agents differs among patients. In this sense, determination of chemotherapeutic response of the malign cells is essential for establishing a personalized treatment protocol and designing new drugs. With the recent technological advances in producing large amounts of pharmacogenomic data, in silico methods have become important tools to achieve this aim.  Data produced by using cancer cell lines provide a test bed for machine learning algorithms that try to predict the response of cancer cells to different agents. The potential use of these algorithms in drug discovery/repositioning and personalized treatments motivated us in this study to work on predicting drug response by exploiting the recent pharmacogenomic databases. We aim to improve the prediction of drug response of cancer cell lines.  We propose to use a method that employs multi task learning to improve learning by transfer, and kernels to extract non linear relationships to predict drug response.  The method outperforms three state of the art algorithms on three anti cancer drug screen datasets. We achieved a mean squared error of 3.305 and 0.501 on two different large scale screen data sets. On a recent challenge dataset, we obtained an error of 0.556. We report the methodological comparison results as well as the performance of the proposed algorithm on each single drug.  The results show that the proposed method is a strong candidate to predict drug response of cancer cell lines in silico for pre clinical studies. The source code of the algorithm and data used can be obtained from http:/mtan.etu.edu.tr/Supplementary/kMTrace/