nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The electronic structure of iridium oxide electrodes active in water splitting.
Venue: Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP

Iridium oxide based electrodes are among the most promising candidates for electrocatalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction, making it imperative to understand their chemical/electronic structure. However, the complexity of iridium oxide's electronic structure makes it particularly difficult to experimentally determine the chemical state of the active surface species. To achieve an accurate understanding of the electronic structure of iridium oxide surfaces, we have combined synchrotron based X ray photoemission and absorption spectroscopies with ab initio calculations. Our investigation reveals a pre edge feature in the O K edge of highly catalytically active X ray amorphous iridium oxides that we have identified as O 2p hole states forming in conjunction with Ir(III) These electronic defects in the near surface region of the anionic and cationic framework are likely critical for the enhanced activity of amorphous iridium oxides relative to their crystalline counterparts.
Oxygen evolution activity and stability of iridium in acidic media. Part 2. Electrochemically grown hydrous iridium oxide

Hydrous iridium oxide is a well known material for its electrochromism and electrocatalytic activity, e.g. in oxygen and chlorine evolution reactions (OER) and (CER) Poor durability during the OER is, however, usually considered as a major drawback. In the current work dissolution of hydrous oxide, prepared from metallic iridium by applying a potential cycle protocol of different number of cycles, has been investigated using a scanning flow cell (SFC) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP MS) based setup. It is shown that in the potential region preceding the OER, dissolution behavior of such electrodes is very similar to that of metallic iridium discussed in Part I. It is suggested that at anodic potentials the process is controlled by oxidation of metallic iridium underneath a hydrous oxide, with formation of a thin compact anhydrous oxide layer sandwiched between metal and hydrous oxide. The application of a reductive potential results in the reduction of the compact oxide layer and also leads to dissolution. At these potentials some dissolution of hydrous oxide itself is postulated. Decomposition of iridium (V) oxyhydroxide with formation of molecular oxygen and Ir(III) complexes is suggested at higher anodic potentials during OER. We hypothesize that formation of the soluble Ir(III) complex or complexes and their dissolution is responsible for the observed variation of dissolution with potential in the whole studied potential window. Based on the experimental results and an extended literature overview, a new mechanism of OER triggered dissolution is proposed. The difference in activity and stability of electrochemically prepared hydrous oxides and, usually more stable, "dry" oxides is suggested to be a consequence of different OER mechanisms on these materials.
Somatic mutation profiles in primary colorectal cancers and matching ovarian metastases: Identification of driver and passenger mutations
Venue: The journal of pathology. Clinical research

The mutational profiles of primary colorectal cancers (CRCs) and corresponding ovarian metastases were compared. Using a custom made next generation sequencing panel, 115 cancer driving genes were analyzed in a cohort of 26 primary CRCs and 30 matching ovarian metastases (four with bilateral metastases) To obtain a complete overview of the mutational profile, low thresholds were used in bioinformatics analysis to prevent low frequency passenger mutations from being filtered out. A subset of variants was validated using Sanger and/or hydrolysis probe assays. The mutational landscape of CRC that metastasized to the ovary was not strikingly different from CRC in consecutive series. When comparing primary CRCs and their matching ovarian metastases, there was considerable overlap in the mutations of early affected genes. A subset of mutations demonstrated less overlap, presumably being passenger mutations. In particular, primary CRCs showed a substantially high number of passenger mutations. We also compared the primary CRCs and matching metastases for stratifying variants of six genes (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, FBXW7, PTEN and PIK3CA) that select for established (EGFR directed) or future targeted therapies. In a total of 31 variants 12 were not found in either of the two locations. Tumours thus differed in the number of discordant variants between the primary tumours and matching metastases. Half of these discordant variants were definitive class 4/5 pathogenic variants. However, in terms of temporal heterogeneity, no clear relationship was observed between the number of discordant variants and the time interval between primary CRCs and the detection of ovarian metastases. This suggests that dormant metastases may be present from the early days of the primary tumours.
Effects of 12 Week Endurance Training at Natural Low Altitude on the Blood Redox Homeostasis of Professional Adolescent Athletes: A Quasi Experimental Field Trial
Venue: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity

This field study investigated the influences of exposure to natural low altitude on endurance training induced alterations of redox homeostasis in professional adolescent runners undergoing 12 week off season conditioning program at an altitude of 1700 m (Alt) by comparison with that of their counterparts completing the program at sea level (SL) For age gender and Tanner stage matched comparison, 26 runners (n 13 in each group) were selected and studied. Following the conditioning program, unaltered serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) total antioxidant capacity (T AOC) and superoxide dismutase accompanied with an increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and decreases of xanthine oxidase, reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio were observed in both Alt and SL groups. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase did not change in SL, whereas these enzymes, respectively, decreased and increased in Alt. Uric acid (UA) decreased in SL and increased in Alt. Moreover, the decreases in GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio in Alt were relatively lower compared to those in SL. Further, significant interindividual correlations were found between changes in catalase and TBARS, as well as between UA and T AOC. These findings suggest that long term training at natural low altitude is unlikely to cause retained oxidative stress in professional adolescent runners.
T type parallel resonant DC DC converter for high voltage application
Venue: 2016 12th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON)

In this paper, the use of the T Type cell in parallel resonant dc dc converters, for high voltage power supplies realization is investigated. The proposed converter share same benefits of the traditional full bridge dc dc converter, such as zero voltage switching on primary side switches over wide load range, symmetric three level voltage across the transformer primary winding, integration of transformers leakage inductance and winding capacitance during its basic operation. However, only two switches are subjected to the input voltage, while the other two switches are subjected to half of the input voltage. Theoretical analysis, commutation analysis and design guidelines are presented. Simulation results of a high voltage power supply of 2kW, 400 Vdc input and four high voltage outputs validates the theoretical analysis.
Metric Spaces Of Non Positive Curvature

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An Investigation of Students' Acceptance of Moodle in a Blended Learning Setting Using Technology Acceptance Model

Moodle and other web based learning systems have become very popular in higher education. Their success will not be achieved if students fail to use such systems. The present study investigates university student's attitudes regarding the use of Moodle. Forty seven students from a Moroccan university were involved in the study. The students attended a course in a blended learning environment. The technology acceptance model was used to assess their acceptance of the e learning system. Structural equation modeling was employed with SmartPLS program to explain the students' acceptance of the system. Data showed that technology acceptance model is still a solid theoretical model whose validity can extend to blended learning settings. The results point to the significant importance of computer self efficacy and perceived usefulness in accounting for attitude and Moodle usage. Implications of the findings and limitations along with future research directions are also discussed.
Pemanfaatan Web Service Moodle Berbasis REST JSON untuk Membangun Moodle Online Learning Extension berbasis Android

Moodle adalah salah satu Learning Management System yang telah memiliki fasilitas komunikasi sistem ke sistem menggunakan web service. Dalam sistemnya, Moodle menyediakan fitur "Enablewebservice for mobile device" yang mana berfungsi untuk membuat servisnya dapat diakses menggunakan perangkat bergerak. Karena basis dari servis ini adalah sistem ke sistem, sehingga perlu diadakan penyesuaian fungsi web service yang akan digunakan untuk diimplementasikan pada perangkat bergerak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana fungsi dari web service dari Moodle tersebut bisa dimanfaatkan secara lebih lanjut. Proses ini dimulai dari memperbaiki hak akses dari beberapa fungsi, kemudian pemilihan fungsi untuk akses secara mobile, hingga perancangan aplikasi yang akan mengakses fungsi dari web service tersebut. Dengan menggunakan Engine REST yang berformat data JSON akan di kembangkan sebuah prototipe aplikasi Android dengan melakukan parsing terhadap respons REST yang berupa JSON dan kemudian menampilkannya ke dalam sebuah tampilan antarmukapada perangkat Android yang mudah digunakan, sehingga dapat membuat pengalaman menggunakan Moodle dengan cara yang berbeda. Sekitar 23% fungsi dapat digunakan pada perangkat bergerak setelah disesuaikan hak aksesnya, yaitu sekitar 9 dari 23 butir fungsi. Kemudian pengujian web service dari sisi client membutuhkan waktu rata rata 557ms pada server lokal, sedangkan untuk server hosting membutuhkan waktu rata rata 2438ms. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah prototipe aplikasi berbasis Android yang mengakses Moodle dengan menggunakan protokol web service REST JSON.Dengan menggunakan respons sebagai parameter fungsi pada web service, pengalaman pengguna (userexperience) akan sedikit berbeda dari pada mengakses Moodle menggunakan web browser. Akan tetapi, hal ini lebih mudahkan pengguna untuk mendapatkan informasi penting yang dibutuhkan.
Effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide and biochar to reduce nitrous oxide emissions

Animal urine from grazing animals is responsible for the majority of New Zealand's nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. A field lysimeter study was conducted to determine the ability of the combination of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) and biochar to mitigate N2O emissions from a winter grazing forage crop soil. The results showed that over a 4 month period, applying cow urine at a rate of 700 kg N ha 1 increased N2O emissions from 0.7 kg N2O N ha 1 to 14.7 kg N2O N ha 1. The application of DCD at 20 kg ha 1 reduced total N2O emissions by 65% The application of biochar at 5 t ha 1 had no significant effect on N2O emissions. The combination of DCD with biochar did not lead to greater N2O reductions than DCD alone. These results indicated that DCD was highly effective whereas biochar was ineffective in reducing N2O emissions in the winter forage soil.
Evaluation of relief aspects morphometric parameters derived from different sources of DEMs and its effects over time of concentration of runoff (TC)
Venue: Earth Science Informatics

An attempt has been made to study the relief aspects from three different sources of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) viz. Survey of India (SOI) topographic map (1:25,000) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM 90 m and SRTM 30 m) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER 30 m) These aspects are evaluated to examine differences among them and their influence on time of concentration (TC) of runoff at Moolbari Experimental Watershed (MEW) Sub Himalayan region (Shimla, District of Himachal Pradesh) India. For detailed study of relief aspects, morphometry parameters, SOI topographic map (as base map) were used. The results show that the relief aspects morphometric parameters derived from the SRTM30m and ASTER30m lie between SOI topographic map, and SRTM90m. We estimated TC of 21 micro watersheds from different sources DEMs by using Kirpich, Johnstone, Temez, and Barnsby equation only. Temez and Barnsby equation demonstrate high potential for the identification of TC from SOI Topographic map, SRTM90m, ASTER and SRTM30m DEMs. TC_Topo has a positive relationship with TC_SRTM90m, TC_ASTER and TC_SRTM30m for both Temez, and Barnsby equation with R2=0.804Topo SRTM90m, 0.810Topo ASTER 0.839Topo SRTM30m and 0.712Topo SRTM90m, 0.747 Topo ASTER 0.785 Topo SRTM30m. Further statistical test of Temez, and Barnsby equation based TC, only Temez equation based TC qualify/satisfy the statistical test. by considering all freeware DEMs a Semi empirical model (SEM) has been developed, where TC predicted in term of TC_Topo is a function of TC_SRTM90m, TC_ASTER and TC_SRTM30m. This SEM has R2=0.883 and adjusted R= 0.874, Multiple R=0.907 and with Standard Error =2.131 at 95% confidence level. Comparison of the TC derived from the multiple regressions among three DEMs with TC_Topo shows an RMSE of 3.803, R RMSE of 0.169, NRMSE of 0.342, R2 of 0.89, and RMSE% of 3.296 for Temez equation.
Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and low temperature heat capacity of a Na2NpO4.
Venue: Journal of physics. Condensed matter an Institute of Physics journal

The physical and chemical properties at low temperatures of hexavalent disodium neptunate a Na2NpO4 are investigated for the first time in this work using Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements. The Np(VI) valence state is confirmed by the isomer shift value of the Mossbauer spectra, and the local structural environment around the neptunium cation is related to the fitted quadrupole coupling constant and asymmetry parameters. Moreover, magnetic hyperfine splitting is reported below 12.5 K, which could indicate magnetic ordering at this temperature. This interpretation is further substantiated by the existence of a l peak at 12.5 K in the heat capacity curve, which is shifted to lower temperatures with the application of a magnetic field, suggesting antiferromagnetic ordering. However, the absence of any anomaly in the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility data shows that the observed transition is more intricate. In addition, the heat capacity measurements suggest the existence of a Schottky type anomaly above 15 K associated with a low lying electronic doublet found about 60 cm( 1) above the ground state doublet. The possibility of a quadrupolar transition associated with a ground state pseudoquartet is thereafter discussed. The present results finally bring new insights into the complex magnetic and electronic peculiarities of a Na2NpO4.
Investigation on log linear interpolation of multi domain neural network language model
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

Inspired by the success of multi task training in acoustic modeling, this paper investigates a new architecture for a multi domain neural network based language model (NNLM) The proposed model has several shared hidden layers and domain specific output layers. As will be shown, the log linear interpolation of the multi domain outputs and the optimization of interpolation weights fit naturally in the framework of NNLM. The resulting model can be expressed as a single NNLM. As an initial study of such an architecture, this paper focuses on deep feed forward neural networks (DNNs) We also re investigate the potential of long context up to 30 grams, and depth up to 5 hidden layers in DNN LM. Our final feed forward multidomain NNLM is trained on 3.1B running words across 11 domains for English broadcast news and conversations large vocabulary continuous speech recognition task. After log linear interpolation and fine tuning, we measured improvements in terms of perplexity and word error rate over the models trained on 50M running words of in domain news resources. The final multi domain feed forward LM outperformed our previous best LSTM RNN LM trained on the 50M in domain corpus, even after linear interpolation with large count models.
Multi tenant database framework validation and implementation into an expert system

Expert Systems (ES) is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that makes extensive use of specialized knowledge to solve problems at the level of a human expert. It uses a computer program that represents and reasons with knowledge of some specialist subject with a view to solving problems or giving advice. These systems represent a programming methodology by which a computer can be instructed to perform tasks that were previously considered to require the intelligence of a human expert. The development of the Multi Tenant Database (MTD) adoption framework involved the accumulation of extensive specialised knowledge of experts, hence there is a need for this to be implemented in an ES. This paper presents a forward chaining method used in the implementing of the MTD framework into an expert system. A free web based expert system shell called ES BUILDER was adopted. The framework was validated via a survey and analysed with the aid of SPSS software. The findings obtained from the validation procedure indicate that the framework is valuable and suitable for use in practice since the research shows that the majority of respondents accepted the research findings and recommendations for success. Likewise, the ES was also validated using a survey with the majority of participants accepting it and embraces the high level of its usability.
A framework for multi tenant database adoption based on the influencing factors

Multi tenant databases (MTD) are aspect of computing that has become one of the revolutionary technologies of recent years. This technology has helped to discard the large scale investments in hardware and software resources, in upgrading them regularly and also in expensive licences of application software used on in house hosted database systems. A MTD is a way of deploying a Database as a Service (DaaS) for the convenience and benefits of tenants. This concept is good for higher scalability and flexibility but it involves a lot of technicalities. The adoption of a MTD is based on some salient factors which can be grouped into four categories for easy understanding. A survey is presented in this research that involves a focus group of thirty respondents. The result shows the degree of impact each factor has on the decision to adopt a MTD. This paper also considers these factors and develops a framework that will help prospective tenants to take an informed decision about the adoption of the concept. Index Terms Multi tenant, Database as a Service, Scalability, Flexibility, Factor, Framework,
Focusing properties of a spherical perfect lens with eccentric deformations

A spherical perfect lens made of a shell of negative refractive index material is known not only for its subwavelength resolution of images but also for the magnification of the near field image due to its curved geometry. We investigate the effects on the image resolution arising from geometric deformations of the spherical perfect lens, whereby an eccentricity in the spherical shell is introduced. Using a first order perturbative method valid for small deformations in the near field (quasi static) limit, we find that small deformations ~1% of the inner radius of the shell) appear to affect the strength of the multipoles in the image by only few percent and do not have any drastic effects. Our results indicate that near field imaging can be robust against small geometric imperfections in these imaging devices, which is expected to be highly encouraging to nanoscale/microscale design in optical engineering.
Bringing the 'perfect lens' into focus by near perfect compensation of losses without gain media

In this paper, the optical properties and imaging performance of a non ideal Pendry's negative index flat lens with a practical value for loss are studied. Analytical calculations of the optical properties of the lens are performed, and those results are used to further study the lens and corresponding imaging system numerically. An inverse filter emulating the plasmon injection scheme for loss compensation in negative index metamaterials is applied to the results from the imaging system, resulting in a perfect reconstruction of a previously unresolved image that demonstrates sub diffraction limited resolution.
Fucking failures: The future of fat sex

In the context of the obesity 'epidemic' fat people's sex lives are cast as sterile, sexually dysfunctional or just plain non existent. This article analyzes medical discourses of obesity and sex in order to argue that fat sex is constructed as a type of failure. Using insights from antisocial queer theory, fat sex is further shown to be queer in its failure to adhere to the specifically heteronormative dictates of what Edelman (2004) calls 'reproductive futurism' The analysis finally engages with Halberstam's (2011) notion of queer failure to demonstrate how deconstructing notions of success and failure might offer fat political projects new ways to imagine the future of fat sex.
Deep brain stimulation mechanisms: the control of network activity via neurochemistry modulation
Venue: Journal of neurochemistry

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has revolutionized the clinical care of late stage Parkinson's disease and shows promise for improving the treatment of intractable neuropsychiatric disorders. However, after over 25 years of clinical experience, numerous questions still remain on the neurophysiological basis for the therapeutic mechanisms of action. At their fundamental core, the general purpose of electrical stimulation therapies in the nervous system are to use the applied electric field to manipulate the opening and closing of voltage gated sodium channels on neurons, generate stimulation induced action potentials, and subsequently, control the release of neurotransmitters in targeted pathways. Historically, DBS mechanisms research has focused on characterizing the effects of stimulation on neurons and the resulting impact on neuronal network activity. However, when electrodes are placed within the central nervous system, glia are also being directly (and indirectly) influenced by the stimulation. Mounting evidence shows that non neuronal tissue can play an important role in modulating the neurochemistry changes induced by DBS. The goal of this review is to evaluate how DBS effects on both neuronal and non neuronal tissue can potentially work together to suppress oscillatory activity (and/or information transfer) between brain regions. These resulting effects of 100 Hz electrical stimulation help explain how DBS can disrupt pathological network activity in the brain and generate therapeutic effects in patients.