nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Markowitz mean variance portfolio selection under ambiguous volatility and correlation

This paper studies a robust continuous time Markowitz portfolio selection problem where the model uncertainty carries on the variance covariance matrix of the risky assets. This problem is formulated into a min max mean variance problem over a set of non dominated probability measures that is solved by a McKean Vlasov dynamic programming approach, which allows us to characterize the solution in terms of a Bellman Isaacs equation in the Wasserstein space of probability measures. We provide explicit solutions for the optimal robust portfolio strategies in the case of uncertain volatilities and ambiguous correlation between two risky assets, and then derive the robust efficient frontier in closed form. We obtain a lower bound for the Sharpe ratio of any robust efficient portfolio strategy, and compare the performance of Sharpe ratios for a robust investor and for an investor with a misspecified model.
EXPONENTIAL LINEAR UNITS (ELUS)

We introduce the "exponential linear unit" (ELU) which speeds up learning in deep neural networks and leads to higher classification accuracies. Like rectified linear units (ReLUs) leaky ReLUs (LReLUs) and parametrized ReLUs (PReLUs) ELUs alleviate the vanishing gradient problem via the identity for positive values. However ELUs have improved learning characteristics compared to the units with other activation functions. In contrast to ReLUs, ELUs have negative values which allows them to push mean unit activations closer to zero like batch normalization but with lower computational complexity. Mean shifts toward zero speed up learning by bringing the normal gradient closer to the unit natural gradient because of a reduced bias shift effect. While LReLUs and PReLUs have negative values, too, they do not ensure a noise robust deactivation state. ELUs saturate to a negative value with smaller inputs and thereby decrease the forward propagated variation and information. Therefore ELUs code the degree of presence of particular phenomena in the input, while they do not quantitatively model the degree of their absence. In experiments, ELUs lead not only to faster learning, but also to significantly better generalization performance than ReLUs and LReLUs on networks with more than 5 layers. On CIFAR 100 ELUs networks significantly outperform ReLU networks with batch normalization while batch normalization does not improve ELU networks. ELU networks are among the top 10 reported CIFAR 10 results and yield the best published result on CIFAR 100, without resorting to multi view evaluation or model averaging. On ImageNet, ELU networks considerably speed up learning compared to a ReLU network with the same architecture, obtaining less than 10% classification error for a single crop, single model network.
Why should security aspects be more seriously considered in development of Serbian tourism industry

Tourism today is becoming a part of everyday life for millions of people all over the world. According to the Travel&Tourism Competitiveness Report 2013, security is among the critical factors determining the competitiveness of a country's tourism industry. The most common reasons that are usually given are growing threats from terrorist acts, relatively high level of crime in the region and unknown diseases. The World Tourism Organization stated that one of the factors limiting the development of the industry is that issues related to security in tourism are not sufficiently regulated. The statistics show that the vast majority of organizations in tourism infrastructure are operating at a loss due to terrorism and natural disasters. This statement was particularly confirmed after a great decrease of tourist visits to Phuket and New Orleans after the horrible natural disasters (tsunami and hurricane Katrina, respectively) The question which arises in scientific and public community is: 'How to provide an adequate level of security for tourists. Tourism is announced as one of the priorities in future development of the Republic of Serbia. The author used the methodology appropriate for social science. The study results have indicated an urgent need for acceptance of a holistic approach to the issue. Tourism industry has to recognize the importance of security in its daily activities and in these efforts needs to closely cooperate with security services on the local and national level.
Tourism, performance, and place: a geographic perspective

what 'we learn' in cities (68) As such the work lacks a nuance and subtlety that serves only to weaken its arguments, because the absences are so very present. In other places ideas are worthy of more depth in explanation. For example, there is mention of Andrei Tarkovsky's 1979 film Stalker as a contribution to illustrations that people are interested in sites of the macabre, horror or disaster as a holiday destination (127) While it is not the book's purpose to deconstruct Stalker from a 'tourism perspective' the rather cursory, one sentence summation of the film's story is so reductionist it renders the example rather meaningless, especially for the reader familiar with the film. However, the most damning drawback to the book is the lack of engagement with academic tourism (per se) literature. Dean MacCannell is mentioned, as is John Urry (perhaps the two obvious stalwarts of undergraduate theorising in tourism studies) but not being able to acknowledge the critique of these old arguments in the tourism literature means that Stavans and Ellison miss points to which they appear to be saying that we should all be directing our attention: embodiment, performance, process. Even the very basic question of tourist traveller distinction to which they draw attention would be enriched by reference to existing discussion and insight, not least that perhaps regardless of what it is called all forms of movement real or metaphorical require motivation, mobility and ability. As I have stated the book has its interesting moments, but its, at times, obviously over generalist approach means that it can only ever at best be a polemic.
HIV 1 antibody 3BNC117 suppresses viral rebound in humans during treatment interruption
Venue: Nature

Interruption of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV 1 infected individuals leads to rapid viral rebound. Here we report the results of a phase IIa open label clinical trial evaluating 3BNC117, a broad and potent neutralizing antibody (bNAb) against the CD4 binding site of HIV 1 Env, in the setting of analytical treatment interruption (ATI) in 13 HIV 1 infected individuals. Participants with 3BNC117 sensitive virus outgrowth cultures were enrolled. Two or four 30 mg/kg infusions of 3BNC117, separated by 3 or 2 weeks, respectively, were generally well tolerated. The infusions were associated with a delay in viral rebound for 5 9 weeks after 2 infusions, and up to 19 weeks after 4 infusions, or an average of 6.7 and 9.9 weeks respectively, compared with 2.6 weeks for historical controls (p=<1e 5) Rebound viruses arose predominantly from a single provirus. In most individuals, emerging viruses showed increased resistance indicating escape. However, 30% of participants remained suppressed until antibody concentrations waned below 20 mg/ml, and the viruses emerging in all but one of these individuals showed no apparent resistance to 3BCN117, suggesting failure to escape over a period of 9 19 weeks. We conclude that administration of 3BNC117 exerts strong selective pressure on HIV 1 emerging from latent reservoirs during ATI in humans.
The Rebound Effect and Energy Efficiency Policy
Venue: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy

What do we know about the size of the rebound effect, the well known phenomenon that improving energy efficiency may save less energy than expected due to a rebound of energy use? Is there any validity to the claims that energy efficiency improvements can actually lead to an increase in energy use (known as backfire) This article clarifies what the rebound effect is and provides a guide for economists and policymakers interested in its existence and magnitude. We discuss how some studies in the literature consider a rebound effect that results from a costless exogenous increase in energy efficiency, whereas others examine the effects of a specific energy efficiency policy a distinction that leads to very different welfare and policy implications. We present the most reliable evidence available about the size of the energy efficiency rebound effect and discuss situations where such estimation is extraordinarily difficult. With this in mind, we present a new way of thinking about the macroeconomic rebound effect. We conclude that overall, the existing research provides little support for the so called backfire hypothesis. However, our understanding of the macroeconomic rebound effect remains limited, particularly as it relates to induced innovation and productivity growth.
Effect of HIV Antibody VRC01 on Viral Rebound after Treatment Interruption.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine

The discovery of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has made passive immunization a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. We sought to determine whether passive administration of VRC01, a bNAb targeting the HIV CD4 binding site, can safely prevent or delay plasma viral rebound after the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) METHODS We conducted two open label trials (AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] A5340 and National Institutes of Health [NIH] 15 I 0140) of the safety, side effect profile, pharmacokinetic properties, and antiviral activity of VRC01 in persons with HIV infection who were undergoing interruption of ART.  A total of 24 participants were enrolled, and one serious alcohol related adverse event occurred. Viral rebound occurred despite plasma VRC01 concentrations greater than 50 mg per milliliter. The median time to rebound was 4 weeks in the A5340 trial and 5.6 weeks in the NIH trial. Study participants were more likely than historical controls to have viral suppression at week 4 (38% vs. 13% P=0.04 by a two sided Fisher's exact test in the A5340 trial; and 80% vs. 13% P<0.001 by a two sided Fisher's exact test in the NIH trial) but the difference was not significant at week 8. Analyses of virus populations before ART as well as before and after ART interruption showed that VRC01 exerted pressure on rebounding virus, resulting in restriction of recrudescent viruses and selection for preexisting and emerging antibody neutralization resistant virus.  VRC01 slightly delayed plasma viral rebound in the trial participants, as compared with historical controls, but it did not maintain viral suppression by week 8. In the small number of participants enrolled in these trials, no safety concerns were identified with passive immunization with a single bNAb (VRC01) (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ACTG A5340 and NIH 15 I 0140 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02463227 and NCT02471326
New design of RF DC rectifier circuit for radio frequency energy harvesting
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting can be an attractive alternative energy capable of replacing all or some of the board batteries. The energy harvesting circuit must supply 1V voltage at minimum that is able to operate a sensor. The main element in the energy harvesting circuit  is an RF DC rectifier. This article presents a new architecture RF DC rectifier circuit using the MOSFET transistors. Our proposed circuit is a combination of a rectifier cascade using the Dynamic threshold Voltage Cancellation (DVC)  and the technique of the Internal threshold Voltage Cancellation (IVC)  The technology used is CMOS 0,18mm from TSMC and the simulations were performed using the ADS (Advanced Design System) Simulator. The simulations are performed on the proposed circuit composed by two stages. This proposed rectifier uses an RF input signal voltage of 350mV with a frequency of 915MHz. Our proposed circuit gives an output voltage of 1.1V.
Cytoplasmic isoforms of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus LANA recruit and antagonize the innate immune DNA sensor cGAS
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

In addition to the well characterized main nuclear latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) protein of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) cytoplasmic LANA isoforms are known to exist, but their function has thus far been unknown. Here we show that N terminally truncated cytoplasmic isoforms of LANA play a role in antagonizing the innate response triggered, by means of cGMP AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) during the reactivation of KSHV from latency. By directly interacting with cGAS, cytoplasmic LANA variants inhibit the cGAS STING dependent induction of interferon and thereby promote the reactivation of KSHV from latency. These findings extend the roles of a g herpesvirus latent protein into the lytic replication cycle. The latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is mainly localized and functions in the nucleus of latently infected cells, playing a pivotal role in the replication and maintenance of latent viral episomal DNA. In addition, N terminally truncated cytoplasmic isoforms of LANA, resulting from internal translation initiation, have been reported, but their function is unknown. Using coimmunoprecipitation and MS, we found the cGMP AMP synthase (cGAS) an innate immune DNA sensor, to be a cellular interaction partner of cytoplasmic LANA isoforms. By directly binding to cGAS, LANA, and particularly, a cytoplasmic isoform, inhibit the cGAS STING dependent phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3 and thereby antagonize the cGAS mediated restriction of KSHV lytic replication. We hypothesize that cytoplasmic forms of LANA, whose expression increases during lytic replication, inhibit cGAS to promote the reactivation of the KSHV from latency. This observation points to a novel function of the cytoplasmic isoforms of LANA during lytic replication and extends the function of LANA from its role during latency to the lytic replication cycle.
Author2Vec: Learning Author Representations by Combining Content and Link Information
Venue: WWW

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning representations for authors from bibliographic co authorship networks. Existing methods for deep learning on graphs, such as DeepWalk, suffer from link sparsity problem as they focus on modeling the link information only. We hypothesize that capturing both the content and link information in a unified way will help mitigate the sparsity problem. To this end, we present a novel model 'Author2Vec' which learns low dimensional author representations such that authors who write similar content and share similar network structure are closer in vector space. Such embeddings are useful in a variety of applications such as link prediction, node classification, recommendation and visualization. The author embeddings we learn are empirically shown to outperform DeepWalk by 2.35% and 0.83% for link prediction and clustering task respectively.
2 Vec Learning Author Representations by Combining Content and Link Information

In this paper, we consider the problem of learning representations for authors from bibliographic co authorship networks. Existing methods for deep learning on graphs, such as DeepWalk, suffer from link sparsity problem as they focus on modeling the link information only. We hypothesize that capturing both the content and link information in a unified way will help mitigate the sparsity problem. To this end, we present a novel model 'Author2Vec' which learns lowdimensional author representations such that authors who write similar content and share similar network structure are closer in vector space. Such embeddings are useful in a variety of applications such as link prediction, node classification, recommendation and visualization. The author embeddings we learn are empirically shown to outperform DeepWalk by 2.35% and 0.83% for link prediction and clustering task respectively.
Positive Psychology: An Introduction

The events of September 11, 2001, marked the beginning of a shift in how firefighter behavioral health issues are recognized and addressed. Just three years prior, in 1998, another revolution was initiated: that of a new branch of psychology known as positive psychology. In his inaugural address as newly elected president of the American Psychological Association, Seligman (The president's address, 1999) called for "a new science of human strengths" focusing on "what makes life most worth living."
Design of an automated vibration monitoring system for condition based maintenance of a lathe machine (Case study)
Venue: 2016 International Conference on System Reliability and Science (ICSRS)

This article presents an automated vibration monitoring system for a lathe machine. This study was motivated by the fact that machine production time was wasted during planned maintenance when, most times, the machines did not require any maintenance at all. Also, the periodic intervals used did not depict the correct ageing of the machine components which resulted in unexpected failure of the machine. Planned maintenance schedules are done with the assumption that the machine is going to breakdown after a certain period of time. The aim of this research was to come up with a vibration monitoring system for a lathe machine, which included incorporating an electronic circuit in the system, use of liquid crystal display for improved user interface and use of vibration sensors to determine the vibration level of the machine. Experimental research design was used to determine the acceptable ranges of vibration amplitudes in order to classify the amplitude into 4 groups namely: extremely rough, rough, acceptable and smooth. The designed system produced consistent vibration amplitudes for both machining and nonmachining operation. The system used different indicators linked to the main processor of the circuit which monitors the machine real time performance. It was capable of alerting the user when the vibration amplitude was out of range and also to switch off the machine when the vibration threshold was exceeded. The vibration monitoring system helps in damage control and enables preventive measures to be taken before damage occurs.
A Worldwide Map of Plasmodium falciparum K13 Propeller Polymorphisms.
Venue: The New England journal of medicine

Recent gains in reducing the global burden of malaria are threatened by the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins. The discovery that mutations in portions of a P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13) propeller domains are the major determinant of resistance has provided opportunities for monitoring such resistance on a global scale.  We analyzed the K13 propeller sequence polymorphism in 14,037 samples collected in 59 countries in which malaria is endemic. Most of the samples (84.5% were obtained from patients who were treated at sentinel sites used for nationwide surveillance of antimalarial resistance. We evaluated the emergence and dissemination of mutations by haplotyping neighboring loci.  We identified 108 nonsynonymous K13 mutations, which showed marked geographic disparity in their frequency and distribution. In Asia, 36.5% of the K13 mutations were distributed within two areas one in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos and the other in western Thailand, Myanmar, and China with no overlap. In Africa, we observed a broad array of rare nonsynonymous mutations that were not associated with delayed parasite clearance. The gene edited Dd2 transgenic line with the A578S mutation, which expresses the most frequently observed African allele, was found to be susceptible to artemisinin in vitro on a ring stage survival assay.  No evidence of artemisinin resistance was found outside Southeast Asia and China, where resistance associated K13 mutations were confined. The common African A578S allele was not associated with clinical or in vitro resistance to artemisinin, and many African mutations appear to be neutral.
A Conceptual Framework of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart Supply Chain Management

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a global network of interacting machines and devices over the Internet. The main strength of the IoT is the high impact it will have on several aspects of every day life and behavior of potential users (Bandyopadhyay Sen, 2011) It is becoming a mainstream technology with a new computing paradigm of machine to machine and human to machine interactions. Assisted living, smart homes, e health, and enhanced learning are only a few examples of possible application scenarios in which this new paradigm will play a leading role in the near future (Atzori et al. 2010) Recently, the IoT was also recognized as a disruptive technology for supply chain management (Lee, 2015) The IoT helps supply chain partners monitor the process of a supply chain execution in real time and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain (Ping et al. 2011) IDC (2014) forecasts that the IoT will reach 28.1 billion units by 2020, up from 9.1 billion in 2013 and the value of the market will reach $7.1 trillion by 2020, up from $1.9 trillion in 2013. According to Garnter (2014) the IoT is one of the emerging technologies in IT in Gartner's IT Hype Cycle. Specific technologies go through innovation trigger, peak of inflated expectations, through of disillusionment, slope of enlightenment, and plateau of productivity of the hype cycle. Supply chain innovation is critical to sustainable competitive advantages for firms. The introduction of new products and services, or entry into new markets, is likely to be more successful if innovative supply chain management practices, innovative supply chain designs, and enabling technology are accompanied (Arlbjorn et al. 2011) Supply chain data will increasingly be generated by a network of sensors, RFID tags, meters, actuators, GPSs, and other devices and systems (Butner, 2010) IBM (2010) suggests the Smarter Supply Chain of the Future has the instrumentation, interconnectedness and intelligence to predict, if not prevented, disruptions before they occur. From production floor and warehousing to the distribution and store shelving, the IoT enables supply chain partners to create smart supply chain by providing real time data and business intelligence for all partners in the supply chain. Firms will invest in the IoT to increase visibility of materials flow, reduce loss of materials, and lower distribution costs. The IoT brings the smart supply chain to reality by employing RFID technologies, sensors, and data analytics to manage internal and external supply chain processes more intelligently. As the IoT penetrates into core business processes and an increasing number of firms invest in green supply chain, leveraging the IoT for smart supply chain will become a subject of great interest for the managers. The IoT for smart supply chain will generate value in inventory management, preventive maintenance, and transportation, and allow multi way communications with the partners and customA Conceptual Framework of the Internet of Things (IoT) for Smart Supply Chain Management