nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Erosivity and Soil Erosion Risk Assessment in Tropical Island Environments: A Case Study of Mauritius

Small island states are vulnerable to soil erosion due to fragile natural resource bases and, particularly in tropical environments, erosive rainfall. Few studies, however, provide erosion risk assessments for small islands upon which conservation strategies and land use planning can be based. Investigations on Mauritius in the tropical Indian Ocean show the value in providing catchment and island scale erosion risk assessments, particularly where land use change may increase erosion rates. Findings also highlight the potential impact of non cyclonic rainfall events and the effect that island topography has on rainfall erosivity distribution. Where detailed sub event scale rainfall data are available from automated stations, these data are found to provide for more accurate erosion prediction. Field calibration of erosion models, however, remains an important avenue for future research.
Optimal control allocation of quadrotor UAVs subject to actuator constraints
Venue: 2016 American Control Conference (ACC)

In this paper the control allocation problem is revisited in the context of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) Two control allocation strategies are presented, both aiming to avoid output saturation. The first strategy is based on the optimization of a weighted least squares (WLS) criterion subject to boundary constraints. The second, called direct control allocation (DCA) aims to maintain constant the direction of the desired virtual efforts vector. As a modification of this strategy, we introduce the partial control allocation (PCA) scheme. In the latter, only the direction of a fraction of the desired virtual efforts vector is kept constant. It is also presented a discussion on the performance of the DCA and PCA schemes.
Virtual Currencies and Beyond: Initial Considerations

New technologies are driving transformational changes in the global financial system. Virtual currencies (VCs) and the underlying distributed ledger systems are among these. VCs offer many potential benefits, but also considerable risks. VCs could raise efficiency and in the long run strengthen financial inclusion. At the same time, VCs could be potential vehicles for money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and fraud. While risks to the conduct of monetary policy seem less likely to arise at this stage given the very small scale of VCs, risks to financial stability may eventually emerge as the new technologies become more widely used. National authorities have begun to address these challenges and will need to calibrate regulation in a manner that appropriately addresses the risks without stifling innovation. As experience is gained, international standards and best practices could be considered to provide guidance on the most appropriate regulatory responses in different fields, thereby promoting harmonization and cooperation across jurisdictions.
A Novel Single Excitation Capacitive Angular Position Sensor Design
Venue: Sensors

This paper presents a high precision capacitive angular position sensor (CAPS) The CAPS is designed to be excited by a single voltage to eliminate the matching errors of multi excitations, and it is mainly composed of excitation electrodes, coupling electrodes, petal form sensitive electrodes and a set of collection electrodes. A sinusoidal voltage is applied on the excitation electrodes, then the voltage couples to the coupling electrodes and sensitive electrodes without contact. The sensitive electrodes together with the set of collection electrodes encode the angular position to amplitude modulated signals, and in order to increase the scale factor, the sensitive electrodes are patterned in the shape of petal form sinusoidal circles. By utilizing a resolver demodulation method, the amplitude modulated signals are digitally decoded to get the angular position. A prototype of the CAPS is fabricated and tested. The measurement results show that the accuracy of the sensor is 0.0036deg, the resolution is 0.0009deg and the nonlinearity over the full range is 0.008deg (after compensation) indicating that the CAPS has great potential to be applied in high precision applications with a low cost.
Future directions for the development of virtual reality within an automotive manufacturer.
Venue: Applied ergonomics

Virtual Reality (VR) can reduce time and costs, and lead to increases in quality, in the development of a product. Given the pressure on car companies to reduce time to market and to continually improve quality, the automotive industry has championed the use of VR across a number of applications, including design, manufacturing, and training. This paper describes interviews with 11 engineers and employees of allied disciplines from an automotive manufacturer about their current physical and virtual properties and processes. The results guided a review of research findings and scientific advances from the academic literature, which formed the basis of recommendations for future developments of VR technologies and applications. These include: develop a greater range of virtual contexts; use multi sensory simulation; address perceived differences between virtual and real cars; improve motion capture capabilities; implement networked 3D technology; and use VR for market research.
Deploying Lean Six Sigma framework in an automotive component manufacturing organization

This paper aims to deploy Lean Six Sigma (LSS) framework to facilitate defect reduction and enhance bottom line results of an automotive component manufacturing organization.  LSS is a business process improvement strategy widely used in the manufacturing field for enhancing manufacturing organization performance. The integration of Lean and Six Sigma will enable the attainment of defects reduction by eliminating non value adding activities from production line. LSS framework has been developed with the integration of define measure analysis improve control (DMAIC) tools and techniques.  The finding of this study is that the LSS framework has been successfully implemented in automotive component manufacturing organization, and non value adding activities and defects from assembly line have been reduced. The proposed LSS framework applies lean tools within Six Sigma DMAIC approach to facilitate waste elimination and defect reduction. The developed framework with linkage of DMAIC tools and techniques reduces defects and non value adding activities with enhanced bottom line results. The implementation of proposed LSS framework shows effective improvement in key metrics.  The developed framework has been test implemented in an automotive component manufacturing organization. In future, more number of studies could be conducted. Further, advanced lean tools and techniques could be included in the framework for increasing the effectiveness of production line.  The proposed LSS framework with linkage of DMAIC tools and techniques has been successfully implemented in an assembly line of automotive component manufacturing organization. This method is presently applied for an automotive component manufacturing organization; in future, the approach could be applied in different industrial sectors with addition of new tools and techniques for improving its effectiveness.  LSS framework has been designed and test implemented in an assembly line of an automotive component manufacturing organization. Hence, the inferences are practical and key results of the study.
Why be first if it doesn't pay? The case of early adopters of C TPAT supply chain security certification

The purpose of this paper is to focus on adoption of certified management standards, specifically public standards. Such standards play an increasingly important role in today's business environment. However, to generate adoption benefits, they must be first widely accepted a situation where they have become viewed as the de facto norms. For this state to occur early adopters play a critical role. Past research has argued that early adopters, in exchange for assuming more risk, are rewarded with higher economic returns. Yet, these findings are based on private, not public standards. With public standards, early adopters do not receive such benefits. There is evidence that public standards are becoming more important. This situation leads to a simple but important question addressed in this study if early adopters assume the risks of embracing a new public standard without economic benefits, then what is their motivation? To resolve this question, this study draws on agency theory and prospect theory. The authors argue that early adopters embrace such standards because of their desire to minimize risk resulting from failure to support the goal at the heart of the public standards.  Data were obtained from the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C TPAT) Partners Cost Benefit Survey and analyzed through structural equation modeling.  Early adopters of public standards are not driven by economic benefits but rather by the need to minimize their exposure to the risks associated with failing to satisfy the goals associated with a public standard. In other words, they were motivated by the need to minimize costs. In the case of C TPAT, these costs are those of failing to provide or improve network security.  This study has shed new light on the standards adoption process by clarifying the specific motivations that drive early adoption of a public standard. In addition to identifying the loss aversion motives of early adopters and economic benefit motives of later adopters, the authors have also elaborated on the notion that standards have differing levels of precedence, particularly when comparing private with public standards.  In a world characterized by increasing demands for outcomes such as improved security and where governmental funding is falling, due to growing deficits and governments that are becoming more conservative, the authors expect the use of public standards to increase.  Different from prior research on private standard, the paper focuses on the organizations involved in the adoption and diffusion of a public standard, with special attention being devoted to the early adopters. The paper provides a theoretical explanation for the actions of early adopters of a public standard through the theoretical lens of prospect theory.
Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management

Absence ACASAesthetic LabourAge Discrimination Aging Workforce AlienationAlternative Dispute ResolutionAMO ModelAnnualised Hours ApprenticeshipAptitude TestArbitrationAssessment CentresAttitude SurveyBargaining LevelBargaining ScopeBasic Rate of Pay (See Wages)BenefitsBest FitBest PracticeBig FiveBiodataBlack Box  Strategy  (See Organisational Culture)Custom and PracticeCustomer AppraisalCV/ResumeDefault Retirement AgeDeskillingDirect Discrimination Dirty WorkDisability DiscriminationDisciplinary ProcedureDiscipline GrievanceDisconnected Capitalism Discretionary Effort (See Organisational Citizenship Behaviours)Discrimination  HeadhuntingHealth And Safety HerzbergHierarchyHigh Commitment HRM  Performance Work SystemsHomeworkingHorns EffectHR DepartmentHR Function and Business PartneringHRM Process Approach: Attribution Of HRMHuman Capital Human Relations Movement Human Resource Advantage (See Human Resource Strategy)Human Resource DevelopmentHuman Resource Information SystemsHuman Resource ManagementHuman Resource ManagerHuman Resource PlanningHuman Resource StrategyHygiene Factor     Paternity and Parental Leave)Participation  ProfessionalismProfit Related Pay and Gainsharing Profit SharingPromotionPsychological Capital Psychological Contract Psychometric TestingPublic SectorPurpose Driven LeadershipQualificationsQuality CirclesRace Discrimination RadicalismRecognitionRecruitmentRed CirclingRedeploymentRedundancy (See Downsizing)ReferencesRegulation Religious DiscriminationRepatriation Representation GapRepresentative Participation Resignation ResistanceResource Based ViewResourcingRestrictive Practices (See Work Limitation)Retention Retirement Reward ManagementSabotageSalary Scientific ManagementSecondmentSecurity of EmploymentSelection MethodSelection TestSelectionSelf AppraisalSelf EmploymentSelf Managed TeamsSelf ManagementSex Discrimination Sexual HarassmentShared ServicesShift WorkShop StewardShortlisting Single Pay SpineSingle Table BargainingSingle Union AgreementSkillSkills Based PaySmall and Medium Sized Enterprises Social CapitalSocial Partnership   Hundred And Sixty Degree AppraisalTime Based Pay Total RewardTrade Union RecognitionTrade UnionsTraining and DevelopmentTraining EvaluationTrainingTraining Needs AnalysisTransferable SkillsTransformational LeadershipTransnational Collective Agreements TUPEUndocumented Immigrant WorkerUnfair DismissalUnion Avoidance: Substitution And SuppressionUnion BustingUnion DensityUnion OrganisingUnitarismUniversalistic TheoryUnofficial StrikesUnsocial HoursUpward Appraisal Upward Problem SolvingVariable PayVarieties of CapitalismVocational and Education TrainingWage Effort Bargain (See Employment Relationship)WagesWelfareWellbeingWhisteblowingWorkWork Life BalanceWork Limitation Work OrganisationWorkaholismWorkerWorkforce Intelligence PlanningWorking TimeWorkplace DemocracyWorks Council (See Co Determination)Written WarningWrongful DismissalYoung WorkersZero Hours Contracts
The strategic fit between innovation strategies and business environment in delivering business performance

This paper examines the role business environments (in terms of dynamism and competitiveness) as contingency factors which affect the effectiveness of different types of innovation strategies (in terms of product and process) in delivering business performance. Using the data of 207 manufacturing firms in Australia, this study shows that dynamic environments strengthen the effect of product innovation on business performance. Competitive environments, on the other hand, weaken the effect of product innovation on business performance, but strengthen the effect of process innovation on business performance. Overall, this study demonstrates the strategic fit between dynamism and product innovation strategy as well as between competitiveness and process innovation strategy. On the other hand, competitiveness also shows a strategic mismatch with product innovation. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The entreprenurial perception of SME business environment quality in the Czech Republic

This article defines and quantifies important factors of the quality of the business environment for small and medium sized firms (SMEs) in the Czech Republic.To do so, itcompares the attitudes of entrepreneurs categorized by gender, education, age and firm size. A study of the business environment was conducted in 2015 from a sample of 1,141 respondents (the owners of companies) and the results were analyzed. It was found that only 10% of the entrepreneurs positively evaluated the applicable forms of state financial support. The study also demonstrated no statistically significant response differences among the designated social groups. 64% of Czech entrepreneurs feel the support of their surroundings while doing business,45% think that SMEs have restricted access to external sources of financing, and over half note the intensive influence of market risk. It was also determined that there are statistically significant differences in the pattern of responses between men and women and between micro enterprises and small and medium sized enterprises.
The Perception of the State's Influence on its Business Environment in the SMEs from Czech Republic

The state plays a very important role within its business environment. Through its legislative environment, the state can be helpful to entrepreneurs in their activities or it can burden them. This article aims to find out how entrepreneurs of small and medium enterprises (SME) in the Czech Republic perceive the role of the state and its influence on business. The basis for the article were results of a project conducted at Tomas Bata University in Zlin in 2015. The project addressed 1,141 respondents from all regions of the Czech Republic to answer questions about the business environment. The research also considered the period during which the questioned entrepreneur was active in the market. Companies active in the market from 1st to 5th year represented 21% companies active from the beginning of the 5th to the beginning of the 10th year represented 17% and companies active for more than 10 years represented 62% of the researched sample. The structure of the researched sample according to the size of companies was as follows: 65% were micro enterprises
A Model of Measurement of the Quality of Business Environment in SME Segment

Th is paper presents a theoretical and methodological model of measurement of the quality of business environment in the segment of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and introduces an IQSME index. Th e paper presents the way of selection and defi nition of the important factors that form business environment, the analysis of their interconnections and quantifi cation of their infl uence. According to the results of the application of the created model we can state that the conditions for doing business in the Czech Republic are quite challen ging. Th e value of IQSME for the Czech Republic is at the lower end of the range of possible values. We found that Czech entrepreneurs quite negatively evaluate the government's approach and its attempts to develop suitable conditions for doing business, the attitude of the fi nancial market players in providing the opportunities of external fi nancing for their entrepreneurial activities, current level of business risks, but are satisfi ed with the attitude of their surroundings to their business activities.
Social image concerns promote cooperation more than altruistic punishment
Venue: Nature communications

Human cooperation is enigmatic, as organisms are expected, by evolutionary and economic theory, to act principally in their own interests. However, cooperation requires individuals to sacrifice resources for each other's benefit. We conducted a series of novel experiments in a foraging society where social institutions make the study of social image and punishment particularly salient. Participants played simple cooperation games where they could punish non cooperators, promote a positive social image or do so in combination with one another. We show that although all these mechanisms raise cooperation above baseline levels, only when social image alone is at stake do average economic gains rise significantly above baseline. Punishment, either alone or combined with social image building, yields lower gains. Individuals' desire to establish a positive social image thus emerges as a more decisive factor than punishment in promoting human cooperation.
Non Orthogonal Unicast and Broadcast Transmission via Joint Beamforming and LDM in Cellular Networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM)

Research efforts to incorporate multicast and broadcast transmission into the cellular network architecture are gaining momentum, particularly for multimedia streaming applications. Layered division multiplexing (LDM) a form of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can potentially improve unicast throughput and broadcast coverage with respect to traditional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FDM) or time division multiplexing (TDM) by simultaneously using the same frequency and time resources for multiple unicast or broadcast transmissions. In this paper, the performance of LDM based unicast and broadcast transmission in a cellular network is studied by assuming a single frequency network (SFN) operation for the broadcast layer, while allowing for arbitrarily clustered cooperation for the transmission of unicast data streams. Beamforming and power allocation between unicast and broadcast layers, and hence the so called injection level in the LDM literature, are optimized with the aim of minimizing the sum power under constraints on the user specific unicast rates and on the common broadcast rate. The problem is tackled by means of successive convex approximation (SCA) techniques, as well as through the calculation of performance upper bounds by means of semidefinite relaxation (SDR) Numerical results are provided to compare the orthogonal and non orthogonal multiplexing of broadcast and unicast traffic.
Gender Differences in the Use of English Vocabulary Learning Strategies in Chinese Senior High Schools

Language is an important tool for human communication. In the process of language learning, gender differences can not be ignored because it exists in all human language acquisition and learning. This paper tries to explore gender differences in students' choosing of English vocabulary learning strategies in Chinese high schools. Vocabulary learning is quite basic in second language acquisition, and it has already been attached great importance in Chinese language education. For our language teachers, learning strategies should be observed and understood better which will facilitate our language teaching a lot. This survey is expected to make a contribution to the further research in this area by briefly analyzing gender differences and the use of English Vocabulary learning strategies and tries to help the teachers reconsider teaching strategies so as to enhance language learning to the uttermost.
A Study of English Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Non English Major College Students

This study aims to provide an empirical study about vocabulary learning strategies possessed by non English major sophomores' using situations of vocabulary learning strategy in the Chinese context. With 100 students from China West Normal university as the subject, this research is tended for a quantitative research into Non English Majors' preference for vocabulary learning strategies. Data is collected and processed by means of SPSS. Based on the results, this paper suggests that Non English majors should manage to grasp more useful vocabulary learning strategies and then make appropriate adjustments to improve their vocabulary learning. As for teachers, they should help learners to build positive motivation, integrate more strategy training into English classes and encourage students to systematize their own learning strategies instead of using these strategies unconsciously or unsystematically.
Vocabulary Learning Strategies of English as Foreign Language (EFL) Learners: a Literature Review

Vocabulary learning is one of the major challenges foreign language learners face during the process of learning a language (Ghazal, 2007) One way to alley the problem is to assist students in becoming independent learners during the course of L2 vocabulary learning. Furthermore, Ghazal (2007) explains that this could be achieved through instructing learners to apply vocabulary learning strategies as efficiently as possible. This study has reviewed significant literature and the importance of reviewing the literature in the field was to realize the implications of our understanding of this relevant literature for the study referred to in this paper. The definitions, taxonomies and factors which pertain to language learning strategies and which are present in the literature have clarified the concepts. Furthermore, this research brings to light the common strategies that learners use in vocabulary learning. It also discusses the different strategies at length and gives valuable recommendations and concludes with further research implications.