nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of image quality and motion cues for face anti spoofing: A neural network approach
Venue: J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent.

A multi cues integration framework is proposed using a hierarchical neural network.Bottleneck representations are effective in multi cues feature fusion.Shearlet is utilized to perform face image quality assessment.Motion based face liveness features are automatically learned using autoencoders. Many trait specific countermeasures to face spoofing attacks have been developed for security of face authentication. However, there is no superior face anti spoofing technique to deal with every kind of spoofing attack in varying scenarios. In order to improve the generalization ability of face anti spoofing approaches, an extendable multi cues integration framework for face anti spoofing using a hierarchical neural network is proposed, which can fuse image quality cues and motion cues for liveness detection. Shearlet is utilized to develop an image quality based liveness feature. Dense optical flow is utilized to extract motion based liveness features. A bottleneck feature fusion strategy can integrate different liveness features effectively. The proposed approach was evaluated on three public face anti spoofing databases. A half total error rate (HTER) of 0% and an equal error rate (EER) of 0% were achieved on both REPLAY ATTACK database and 3D MAD database. An EER of 5.83% was achieved on CASIA FASD database.
Relationship between Student's Self Directed Learning Readiness and Academic Self Efficacy and Achievement Motivation in Students

Self directed learning readiness to expand and enhance learning, This is an important goal of higher education, Besides his academic self efficacy can be improved efficiency and Achievement Motivation, so understanding how to use these strategies by students is very important. Because the purpose this study is determination of relationship between students self directed learning and academic self efficacy and Achievement Motivation in Payamnoor students (2012 2013) In a correlation descriptive study 322 bachelor students were selected from Payamnoor University of Rafsanjan (2014 2015) through a Simple random sampling. Data collection was SDL questionnaire, academic self efficacy questionnaire and Achievement Motivation questionnaire. Data were analyzed by multiple regression, simple regression, variance analysis and T test. The obtained findings from this research showed that there is a relation between student's Self directed learning readiness and academic self efficacy and academic motivation in Students University of Payamnoor. Also Independence in learning and Study skills and problem solving has the most ability for academic self efficacy and academic motivation prediction and there was the most correlation. According to results and that self directed learning readiness to enhance self efficacy and academic motivation, it is necessary to teach strategies to students.
Technology use, self directed learning, student engagement and academic performance: Examining the interrelations
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

The widespread technology use among current college and university students has made higher educational institutions worldwide acknowledge the need of incorporating it in teaching and learning for explicit reasons. But does access and usage of technology enhance academic performance and foster student engagement in reality? Researches in the last over two decades have conjectured both the positive and negative outcomes of the students' continuous interface with technology. Student engagement and self directed learning (SDL) are the two other themes that have independently attracted considerable interest of researchers, ascribable to the explicit and implicit assertions that both are related to the academic success. Additionally, the relationship of technology use with these two academic behaviors have also been investigated although not very extensively. The current study aimed to inspect a path model with technology use, student engagement, self directed learning and academic performance among undergraduate students. 761 students responded to an online survey comprising three scales: Media and Technology Usage and Attitude Scale (MTUAS) Self Rating Scale of Self Directed Learning (SRSSDL) and student version of Utrecht's Work Engagement Scale (UWES S) The results showed that use of technology has a direct positive relationship with students' engagement and self directed learning, however, no significant direct effect was found between technology use and academic performance. The findings point towards the complex interchange of relationships of the students' technology use with student engagement, self directed learning and academic performance. The implications and future research directions are discussed. A path model tested the relationship of technology use and academic performance.Examined interrelations of technology with engagement and self directed learning.Results indicated strong support for the model matching hypotheses.Technology use has positive effect on self directed learning student engagement.Academic performance affected indirectly by technology via self directed learning.
Do learners' characteristics matter? An exploration of mobile learning adoption in self directed learning
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

This paper aims to identify individual characteristics that motivate learners to use mobile learning. It sheds light on our current knowledge by a) examining an m learning adoption model which accounts for learners' characteristics (learning style and personal innovativeness) in addition to previously studied mobile platform characteristics and b) considering the context in which learning occurs (formal and informal) A framework has been introduced and empirically tested. Results suggest that individuals' learning style and perceived playfulness influence m learning usage in both learning situations; while performance expectancy and personal innovativeness are only influential in specific learning contexts. This study highlights the role of learners' characteristics in m learning adoption and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between various types of m learning. This multi disciplinary research enriches m learning literature and offers practical implications for educators using mobile technologies as well as developers of virtual learning platforms. An m learning adoption model is introduced.It is empirically tested for both formal and informal learning contexts.Learning style and perceived playfulness have a significant effect in both contexts.Performance expectancy and innovativeness are only influential in specific contexts.
Promoting Self Directed Learning in a Learning Organization: Tools and Practices.

The purpose of this paper is to examine a set of practices that can help promote self directed learning (SDL) in congruence with the goals of developing and maintaining a learning organization.  Findings from this study were derived from an extensive review of the SDL and the learning organization literature, as well as the body of research that examines the connections between the two constructs.  This paper identifies the following set of practices as integral to promoting SDL in a learning organization: building and communicating a shared vision to employees at all levels; fostering collaboration, interaction and teamwork; empowering employees through participatory work practices; encouraging and providing opportunities for continuous learning; and using relevant technologies in the workplace.  This paper addresses the paucity of research that investigates the connections between SDL and the learning organization and that specifically examines important practices vis a vis the two concepts.
Motivational factors in self directed informal learning from online learning resources

Learning is becoming more self directed and informal with the support of emerging technologies. A variety of online resources have promoted informal learning by allowing people to learn on demand and just when needed. It is significant to understand self directed informal learners' motivational aspects, their learning goals, obstacles, and successes when using online resources. However, scant knowledge exists about self directed learning factors, such as informal learners' behaviors and motivations, which would suggest guidelines for improving their learning performance. The goal of this study was to contribute to the understanding of learners' motivational factors and self directed learning aspects of informal learning when using online learning resources. In this study, a survey of learners from various informal learning websites was conducted. Quantitative analysis including descriptive and frequency analysis regarding informal learning experiences was conducted. The results show that the main flow of self directed informal learning through online resources: freedom and choice; control; and interest and engagement.
Assessing differences in connectivity based on habitat versus movement models for brown bears in the Carpathians
Venue: Landscape Ecology

ContextConnectivity assessments typically rely on resistance surfaces derived from habitat models, assuming that higher quality habitat facilitates movement. This assumption remains largely untested though, and it is unlikely that the same environmental factors determine both animal movements and habitat selection, potentially biasing connectivity assessments.ObjectivesWe evaluated how much connectivity assessments differ when based on resistance surfaces from habitat versus movement models. In addition, we tested how sensitive connectivity assessments are with respect to the parameterization of the movement models.MethodsWe parameterized maximum entropy models to predict habitat suitability, and step selection functions to derive movement models for brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the northeastern Carpathians. We compared spatial patterns and distributions of resistance values derived from those models, and locations and characteristics of potential movement corridors.ResultsBrown bears preferred areas with high forest cover, close to forest edges, high topographic complexity, and with low human pressure in both habitat and movement models. However, resistance surfaces derived from the habitat models based on predictors measured at broad and medium scales tended to underestimate connectivity, as they predicted substantially higher resistance values for most of the study area, including corridors.ConclusionsOur findings highlighted that connectivity assessments should be based on movement information if available, rather than generic habitat models. However, the parameterization of movement models is important, because the type of movement events considered, and the sampling method of environmental covariates can greatly affect connectivity assessments, and hence the predicted corridors.
Bayesian survival analysis of batsmen in Test cricket

Cricketing knowledge tells us batting is more difficult early in a player's innings but becomes easier as a player familiarizes themselves with the conditions. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian survival analysis method to predict the Test Match batting abilities for international cricketers. The model is applied in two stages, firstly to individual players, allowing us to quantify players' initial and equilibrium batting abilities, and the rate of transition between the two. This is followed by implementing the model using a hierarchical structure, providing us with more general inference concerning a selected group of opening batsmen from New Zealand. The results indicate most players begin their innings playing with between only a quarter and half of their potential batting ability. Using the hierarchical structure we are able to make predictions for the batting abilities of the next opening batsman to debut for New Zealand. Additionally, we compare and identify players who excel in the role of opening the batting, which has practical implications in terms of batting order and team selection policy.
Analysis of the Contribution of Hemocytes and Autophagy to Drosophila Antiviral Immunity
Venue: Journal of Virology

Antiviral immunity in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster involves the broadly active intrinsic mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) and virus specific inducible responses. Here, using a panel of six viruses, we investigated the role of hemocytes and autophagy in the control of viral infections. Injection of latex beads to saturate phagocytosis, or genetic depletion of hemocytes, resulted in decreased survival and increased viral titers following infection with Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) Flock House virus (FHV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) but had no impact on Drosophila C virus (DCV) Sindbis virus (SINV) and Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV6) infection. In the cases of CrPV and FHV, apoptosis was induced in infected cells, which were phagocytosed by hemocytes. In contrast, VSV did not trigger any significant apoptosis but we confirmed that the autophagy gene Atg7 was required for full virus resistance, suggesting that hemocytes use autophagy to recognize the virus. However, this recognition does not depend on the Toll 7 receptor. Autophagy had no impact on DCV, CrPV, SINV, or IIV6 infection and was required for replication of the sixth virus, FHV. Even in the case of VSV, the increases in titers were modest in Atg7 mutant flies, suggesting that autophagy does not play a major role in antiviral immunity in Drosophila. Altogether, our results indicate that, while autophagy plays a minor role, phagocytosis contributes to virus specific immune responses in insects.  Phagocytosis and autophagy are two cellular processes that involve lysosomal degradation and participate in Drosophila immunity. Using a panel of RNA and DNA viruses, we have addressed the contribution of phagocytosis and autophagy in the control of viral infections in this model organism. We show that, while autophagy plays a minor role, phagocytosis contributes to virus specific immune responses in Drosophila. This work brings to the front a novel facet of antiviral host defense in insects, which may have relevance in the control of virus transmission by vector insects or in the resistance of beneficial insects to viral pathogens.
Leadership styles and organizational commitment: literature review

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Bass's (1985) leadership dimensions (transformational, transactional, and laissez faire) and several outcome variables (employee extra effort, employee satisfaction with leader, leadership effectiveness) and organizational commitment.  This is a systematic literature review.  This review briefly discusses the conceptual framework and the Full Range Leadership Model (Bass, 1985) which include transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and laissez faire leadership. Also discussed in this section were the abilities and the characteristics of transformational leaders. The leadership section was concluded with discussion on previous researches on transformational leadership. This review also provides a literature review on organizational commitment.  Described in this paper are the various definitions of organizational commitment and the three component model of commi.
Tomato receptor FLAGELLIN SENSING 3 binds flgII 28 and activates the plant immune system
Venue: Nature Plants

Plants and animals detect the presence of potential pathogens through the perception of conserved microbial patterns by cell surface receptors. Certain solanaceous plants, including tomato, potato and pepper, detect flgII 28, a region of bacterial flagellin that is distinct from that perceived by the well characterized FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 receptor. Here we identify and characterize the receptor responsible for this recognition in tomato, called FLAGELLIN SENSING 3. This receptor binds flgII 28 and enhances immune responses leading to a reduction in bacterial colonization of leaf tissues. Further characterization of FLS3 and its signalling pathway could provide new insights into the plant immune system and transfer of the receptor to other crop plants offers the potential of enhancing resistance to bacterial pathogens that have evolved to evade FLS2 mediated immunity.
The impact of cross platform development approaches for mobile applications from the user's perspective
Venue: WAMA@SIGSOFT FSE

Mobile app developers today have a hard decision to make: to independently develop native apps for different operating systems or to develop an app that is cross platform compatible. The availability of different tools and approaches to support cross platform app development only makes the decision harder. In this study, we used user reviews of apps to empirically understand the relationship (if any) between the approach used in the development of an app and its perceived quality. We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) models to classify 787,228 user reviews of the Android version and iOS version of 50 apps as complaints in one of four quality concerns: performance, usability, security, and reliability. We found that hybrid apps (on both Android and iOS platforms) tend to be more prone to user complaints than interpreted/generated apps. In a study of Facebook, an app that underwent a change in development approach from hybrid to native, we found that change in the development approach was accompanied by a reduction in user complaints about performance and reliability.
Comparison of Native, Cross Platform and Hyper Mobile Development Tools Approaches for iOS and Android Mobile Applications

To take a position in the competitive mobile application market, most of the Information Technology (IT) companies have to develop the same application for various mobile operating systems. To solve this issue, Cybercom provided a thesis topic and a project which decreased development time by sharing the same core functions between Android and iOS applications. To share more code between platforms and take advantage of cross platform tools and hybrid tools, the author has conducted a case study which includes experimenting on Xcode, Android Studio, Xamarin and Cordova to produce certain type of mobile applications and collect data during implementation processes and from generated applications. This paper not only compares the performance of individual process and application but analyses the data from various mobile development tools. As a result, it provides reference of choosing the optimal mobile application development tool for future researchers and developers.
Bailouts and Financial Fragility

Should policy makers be prevented from bailing out investors in the event of a crisis? I study this question in a model of financial intermediation with limited commitment. When a crisis occurs, the policy maker will respond with fiscal transfers that partially cover intermediaries' losses. The anticipation of this bailout distorts ex ante incentives, leading intermediaries to become excessively illiquid and increasing financial fragility. Prohibiting bailouts is not necessarily desirable, however: while it induces intermediaries to become more liquid, it may nevertheless lower welfare and leave the economy more susceptible to a crisis. A policy of taxing short term liabilities, in contrast, can both improve the allocation of resources and promote financial stability.
Inequality and Financial Fragility

I study how the distribution of wealth influences the government's response to a banking crisis and the fragility of the financial system. When the wealth distribution is unequal, the government's bailout policy during a systemic crisis will be shaped in part by distributional concerns. In particular, government guarantees of deposits will tend to be credible for relatively poor investors, but may not be credible for wealthier investors. As a result, wealthier investors will have a stronger incentive to panic and, in equilibrium, the institutions in which they invest are more likely to experience a run and receive a bailout. Thus, without political frictions and under a government that is both benevolent and utilitarian, bailouts will tend to benefit wealthy investors at the expense of the general public. Rising inequality can strengthen this pattern. In some cases, more progressive taxation reduces financial fragility and can even raise equilibrium welfare for all agents.
Nursing theory and the delivery of compassionate care.
Venue: Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) 1987)

Compassionate care is a priority in current healthcare policy. However, its definition is amorphous, leading to difficulties standardising it in practice. This article discusses how nursing theory is central to the delivery of compassionate care. It emphasises the need to develop a theoretical framework that reflects the eclectic and pragmatic nature of nursing practice, and the importance of using patient feedback as an indicator of the quality of care and as a basis for adapting theoretical hypotheses.
Investigation of the Unsteady Flow and Noise Generation in a Slat Cove

This study presents hybrid Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes/large eddy simulations of the unsteady flow and noise generation phenomena in the slat cove of a high lift wing profile. These computations are part of a joint numerical/experimental aeroacoustics collaborative program dedicated to slat flow analysis. A dedicated two element wing profile (slat plus main body) has been designed to isolate slat noise from other possible sources (e.g. the flap) while minimizing mean flow deflection effects, to improve the fidelity of open jet wind tunnel measurements. The design of this two element airfoil has been performed numerically, using an optimization process based on steady Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes calculations. This airfoil has been investigated experimentally at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon open jet facility. Unsteady zonal hybrid Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes/large eddy simulations have been performed to provide a comprehensive description of the unsteady flow inside the slat cove, focusing on th.
Numerical and experimental investigation of a beveled trailing edge flow field and noise emission

Efficient tools and methodology for the prediction of trailing edge noise experience substantial interest within the wind turbine industry. In recent years, the Lattice Boltzmann Method has received increased attention for providing such an efficient alternative for the numerical solution of complex flow problems. Based on the fully explicit, transient, compressible solution of the Lattice Boltzmann Equation in combination with a Ffowcs Williams and Hawking aeroacoustic analogy, an estimation of the acoustic radiation in the far field is obtained. To validate this methodology for the prediction of trailing edge noise, the flow around a flat plate with an asymmetric 25deg beveled trailing edge and obtuse corner in a low Mach number flow is analyzed. Flow field dynamics are compared to data obtained experimentally from Particle Image Velocimetry and Hot Wire Anemometry, and compare favorably in terms of mean velocity field and turbulent fluctuations. Moreover, the characteristics of the unsteady surface pressure, which are closely related to the acoustic emission, show good agreement between simulation and experiment. Finally, the prediction of the radiated sound is compared to the results obtained from acoustic phased array measurements in combination with a beamforming methodology. Vortex shedding results in a strong narrowband component centered at a constant Strouhal number in the acoustic spectrum. At higher frequency, a good agreement between simulation and experiment for the broadband noise component is obtained and a typical cardioid like directivity is recovered.