nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral therapy induces a rapid increase in bone resorption that is positively associated with the magnitude of immune reconstitution in HIV infection
Venue: AIDS

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) paradoxically intensifies bone loss in the setting of HIV infection. Although the extent of bone loss varies, it occurs with virtually all ART types, suggesting a common pathway that may be aligned with HIV disease reversal. Using an animal model of immunodeficiency we recently demonstrated that immune activation associated with CD4+ T cell reconstitution induces increased production of the osteoclastogenic cytokines RANKL and TNF&agr; by immune cells, driving enhanced bone resorption and loss in bone mineral density. To confirm these findings in humans, we investigated the early kinetics of CD4+ T cell recovery in relation to biomarkers of bone turnover and osteoclastogenic regulators in a prospective 24 week cohort study. Clinical data and blood sampling for HIV RNA PCR, CD4+ T cell counts, bone turnover biomarkers, and osteoclastogenic regulators were obtained from ART naive HIV infected study participants initiating standard doses of lopinavir/ritonavir plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine at baseline and at weeks 2, 8, 12, and 24 post ART. C terminal telopeptide of collagen (CTx) a sensitive biomarker of bone resorption rose by 200% above baseline at week 12, remaining elevated through week 24 &agr;<0.01) and was associated with significant increases in plasma levels of osteoclastogenic regulators [receptor activator of NF kB ligand (RANKL) tumor necrosis factor alpha, (TNF&agr; Importantly, the magnitude of CD4+ T cell recovery correlated significantly with CTx (rs 0.387, &agr;=0.01) Our data suggest that ART induced bone loss occurs early, is aligned with early events of immune reconstitution, and these immune changes provide a unifying mechanism to explain in part the skeletal decline common to all ART.
Prolonged feeding with guanidinoacetate, a methyl group consumer, exacerbates ethanol induced liver injury
Venue: World journal of gastroenterology

To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to guanidinoacetate (GAA, a potent methyl group consumer) either alone or combined with ethanol intake for a prolonged period of time would cause more advanced liver pathology thus identifying methylation defects as the initiator and stimulator for progressive liver damage.  Adult male Wistar rats were fed the control or ethanol Lieber DeCarli diet in the absence or presence of GAA supplementation. At the end of 6 wk of the feeding regimen, various biochemical and histological analyses were conducted.  Contrary to our expectations, we observed that GAA treatment alone resulted in a histologically normal liver without evidence of hepatosteatosis despite persistence of some abnormal biochemical parameters. This protection could result from the generation of creatine from the ingested GAA. Ethanol treatment for 6 wk exhibited changes in liver methionine metabolism and persistence of histological and biochemical defects as reported before. Further, when the rats were fed the GAA supplemented ethanol diet, similar histological and biochemical changes as observed after 2 wk of combined treatment, including inflammation, macro and micro vesicular steatosis and a marked decrease in the methylation index were noted. In addition, rats on the combined treatment exhibited increased liver toxicity and even early fibrotic changes in a subset of animals in this group. The worsening liver pathology could be related to the profound reduction in the hepatic methylation index, an increased accumulation of GAA and the inability of creatine generated to exert its hepato protective effects in the setting of ethanol.  To conclude, prolonged exposure to a methyl consumer superimposed on chronic ethanol consumption causes persistent and pronounced liver damage.
A Hierarchical Framework for Coordinated Charging of Plug In Electric Vehicles in China
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

Plug in electric vehicle (PEV) technology has drawn increasing amounts of attention in the last decade. As the world's largest automotive market, China has recently made the electrification of transportation central to its national strategic plan. Because of the unique nature of the vertically regulated power industry, China's massive deployment of PEVs has to face unique challenges that may not be encountered by any other country/region. Therefore, a comprehensive coordinated PEV charging scheme is urgently needed to facilitate the smooth grid integration of PEVs at all levels (e.g. transmission systems, distribution systems, and charging stations) This paper presents detailed mathematical modeling of a novel hierarchical framework for coordinated PEV charging at multiple timescales (i.e. day ahead and real time) The proposed three level (e.g. provincial level, municipal level, and charging station level) PEV charging strategy jointly optimizes system load profile and charging costs while satisfying customer charging requirements. The interrelationships between various levels in terms of energy transaction and information exchange are clearly identified. Case studies on Guangdong Province, China, are carried out and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed hierarchical control framework in reducing system peak demand and charging costs.
Learning Deep Representation from Big and Heterogeneous Data for Traffic Accident Inference
Venue: AAAI

With the rapid development of urbanization and public transportation system, the number of traffic accidents have significantly increased globally over the past decades and become a big problem for human society. Facing these possible and unexpected traffic accidents, understanding what causes traffic accident and early alarms for some possible ones will play a critical role on planning effective traffic management. However, due to the lack of supported sensing data, research is very limited on the field of updating traffic accident risk in real time. Therefore, in this paper, we collect big and heterogeneous data (7 months traffic accident data and 1.6 million users' GPS records) to understand how human mobility will affect traffic accident risk. By mining these data, we develop a deep model of Stack denoise Autoencoder to learn hierarchical feature representation of human mobility. And these features are used for efficient prediction of traffic accident risk level. Once the model has been trained, our model can simulate corresponding traffic accident risk map with given real time input of human mobility. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of our model and suggest that traffic accident risk can be significantly more predictable through human mobility.
Designing The Brand Archetype: Examining The Role Of Jungian Collective Unconscious In The Creative Customisation Of Brands

Understanding the psychological concept of the collective unconscious and its association with our subconscious minds were psychoanalyst Carl Jung's lasting legacy in the field of analytical psychology. This study discusses the attributes of the Jungian collective unconscious and the creation of consumer archetypes for branding concepts, and to outline the designer's role in the customisation of brands and products in sense making for brand development, where it is argued, such customisation can help to activate imaginations that determine behaviour, influence attitudes, and at the same time, present design in its ideal functional form. Since mental and psychological processes are at work in consumers' decision making, tapping into the consumers' unconscious levels of meaning making and helping them link ideas and perceptions would help brands close the gap of cultural, social and behavioural distances among consumer segments, and to develop more effective, memorable and intuitive global brand percept's where the use of brand archetypal paradigms make experiential branding possible. The case study examines the Coca Cola brand, and how archetypes of the collective unconscious are mediated in the advertising communication and brand marketing strategies of the global beverage company. The aim is to identify and demonstrate the application of Jung's collective unconscious in its branding, and to discuss the specific archetypes at work which distinguishes its position as a personalised, unique and preferred brand within the consumer's frame of mind. The paper proposes the use of brand archetype methodologies such as symbolic construction of brand associations, narrative stories, myths and emotional advertising to discover a product's brand meanings, and to demonstrate how designers can further tap this methodology of attitudinal research in order to develop and enhance creative customisation of brand archetypes that result in personalised, meaningful, trustworthy and intuitively universal products.
A Note On One Realization of a Scalable Shor Algorithm
Venue: ArXiv

Very recently, Monz, et al.  have reported the demonstration of factoring 15 using a scalable Shor algorithm with an ion trap quantum computer. In this note, we remark that the report is somewhat misleading because there are three flaws in the proposed circuit diagram of Shor algorithm. We also remark that the principles behind the demonstration have not been explained properly, including its correctness and complexity.
Empirics in Family Business Research

Competent research methods and data analysis are essential components for the progression of family business research. To identify and evaluate empirical trends, and make suggestions for future research, we examine 319 empirical articles published in Family Business Review since 1988. These studies are compared with 146 family business research articles published in top tier journals not dedicated to family business research over the same timeframe. While we substantiate growth in rigor and sophistication, we address specific family business research challenges regarding construct validity, generalizability, causality, temporality, and multilevel issues. Suggestions are provided for future empirical research across six major topical areas.
Qualitative research practices and family business scholarship: a review and future research agenda

In spite of various calls for a wider application of qualitative research in the family business field, it is our contention that the full potential of qualitative inquiry is not being fully realized. Part of the reason for this relates to the tendency to promote methods choice and diversity rather than addressing the foundational questions and processes which underlie qualitative research choices. These tendencies obscure attention to the reasons why researchers choose qualitative methods and the kinds of foundational issues about family businesses that are brought to light through qualitative research. To address this, we undertake an analysis of the most cited articles using qualitative methods from an annotated bibliography of family business studies. From this, we identify the strengths and weaknesses of extant qualitative studies in family business research and argue for the need to re orientate calls in family business research towards the foundational questions (rather than methods) that underline qualitative inquiry.
Effects of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of spice extracts on raw chicken meat quality

The antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of two spice extracts and their combination on raw chicken meat during storage for 15 days at 4 degC were studied. Raw chicken meat was treated with BHT (positive control) rosemary (RO) cloves (CL) and their combination, and the results were compared to those obtained for raw chicken meat without any additive (negative control) The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of spice extracts were determined. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of rosemary was lower than those of cloves. Cloves exhibited a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of rosemary. However, the ferrous ion chelating effect of rosemary was significantly higher than that of cloves. The pH, instrumental colour (CIE L a b total viable counts (TVC) lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, Pseudomonas spp. counts and 2 thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined at 3 day intervals over a period of 15 days. The bacterial counts of T RO CL samples were lower than those of control samples during storage. T RO CL samples maintained significantly P L a and b values during storage. The TBARS values of T RO CL samples were the lowest among the samples. These results demonstrate that spice extracts are highly effective against microbial growth and lipid oxidation and show potential as a natural antioxidant in raw chicken meats.
Effects of dry aging on meat quality attributes and metabolite profiles of beef loins.
Venue: Meat science

The objectives of this study were to evaluate different dry aging regimes and their impacts on quality attributes and metabolite profiles of beef loins. Thirty loins (M. longissimus lumborum) from 15 beef carcasses at 2 days post mortem were obtained. Each loin was cut in half yielding 60 sections, which were randomly assigned to six treatments including 4 dry aging (2 temperatures (1 or 3degC) x 2 air velocities (0.2 or 0.5 m/s) and 2 wet aging regimes for 3 weeks; n=10/treatment. The sensory panel found that dry aged loins had better flavour and overall liking (P<0.05) but there were no differences in tenderness and juiciness. No differences in drip/cook loss and colour were observed. Metabolite analysis showed that 7 metabolites, including several flavour precursors, were more abundant in the dry aged beef compared to the wet aged beef, which may contribute to the enhanced flavours of the dry aged beef. Overall, dry aging loins at 3degC with 0.2m/s resulted in the greatest improvement in beef palatability.
Consumer Behaviour with Environmental and Social Externalities: Implications for Analysis and Policy

In this paper we summarise some of our recent work on consumer behaviour, drawing on recent developments in behavioural economics, particularly linked to sociology as much as psychology, in which consumers are embedded in a social context, so their behaviour is shaped by their interactions with other consumers. For the purpose of this paper we also allow consumption to cause environmental damage. Analysing the social context of consumption naturally lends itself to the use of game theoretic tools. We shall be concerned with two ways in which social interactions affect consumer preferences and behaviour: socially embedded preferences, where the behaviour of other consumers affect an individual's preferences and hence consumption (we consider two examples: conspicuous consumption and consumption norms) and socially directed preferences where people display altruistic behaviour. Our aim is to show that building links between sociological and behavioural economic approaches to the study of consumer behaviour can lead to significant and surprising implications for conventional economic analysis and policy prescriptions, especially with respect to environmental policy.
A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: Crow search algorithm

This paper proposes a novel metaheuristic optimizer, named crow search algorithm (CSA) based on the intelligent behavior of crows. CSA is a population based technique which works based on this idea that crows store their excess food in hiding places and retrieve it when the food is needed. CSA is applied to optimize six constrained engineering design problems which have different natures of objective functions, constraints and decision variables. The results obtained by CSA are compared with the results of various algorithms. Simulation results reveal that using CSA may lead to finding promising results compared to the other algorithms.
SCA: A Sine Cosine Algorithm for solving optimization problems
Venue: Knowl. Based Syst.

This paper proposes a novel population based optimization algorithm called Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) for solving optimization problems. The SCA creates multiple initial random candidate solutions and requires them to fluctuate outwards or towards the best solution using a mathematical model based on sine and cosine functions. Several random and adaptive variables also are integrated to this algorithm to emphasize exploration and exploitation of the search space in different milestones of optimization. The performance of SCA is benchmarked in three test phases. Firstly, a set of well known test cases including unimodal, multi modal, and composite functions are employed to test exploration, exploitation, local optima avoidance, and convergence of SCA. Secondly, several performance metrics (search history, trajectory, average fitness of solutions, and the best solution during optimization) are used to qualitatively observe and confirm the performance of SCA on shifted two dimensional test functions. Finally, the cross section of an aircraft's wing is optimized by SCA as a real challenging case study to verify and demonstrate the performance of this algorithm in practice. The results of test functions and performance metrics prove that the algorithm proposed is able to explore different regions of a search space, avoid local optima, converge towards the global optimum, and exploit promising regions of a search space during optimization effectively. The SCA algorithm obtains a smooth shape for the airfoil with a very low drag, which demonstrates that this algorithm can highly be effective in solving real problems with constrained and unknown search spaces. Note that the source codes of the SCA algorithm are publicly available at http:/www.alimirjalili.com/SCA.html
Indoor navigation using QR codes and WiFi signals with an implementation on mobile platform
Venue: 2016 Signal Processing: Algorithms, Architectures, Arrangements, and Applications (SPA)

In this paper we demonstrate how to extend an indoor personal navigation system based upon fusing pedestrian dead reckoning data and WiFi fingerprints by using simple, unobtrusive visual landmarks perceived by the user's smartphone camera. The proposed navigation system employs a factor graph to represent the localization constraints stemming from measurements obtained using the sensors available in a mobile device. The novelty of this work lies in integration of the constraints imposed by opportunistic observations of simple landmarks based on QR codes in the graph based formulation of the localization problem. The experiments concern feasibility of detecting and reading QR codes under real life conditions, and the accuracy of user position estimation. The experimental results confirm that QR codes can provide valuable localization information in real time, especially when the site lacks a rich landscape of WiFi signals.
Performance Analysis Of Major Airline Companies In Uae With Reference To Profitability, Liquidity, Efficiency, Employee Strength And Productivity

The demand for air transport has been consistently increasing in UAE and has made significant growth in the aviation sector in terms of expansion and modernization. Within Dubai's services sector, transport ranks first accounting for 14.8% of Dubai's GDP in 2014.As per the Economics Report commissioned by Emirates and Dubai Airports, aviation sector is expected to contribute $53.1 billion to Dubai's economy, 37.5 per cent to its GDP and will support over 750,000 jobs by 2020. The present study makes a comparative analysis of the top airline companies in UAE Emirate Airlines and Air Arabia in terms of profitability, liquidity, efficiency and also Etihad Airways on employee strength and productivity from 2010 to 2014.Dubai's aviation sector is projected to support over 1,194,700 jobs by 2030 and the total economic impact on UAE is expected to increase to $88.1 billion. The financial performance indicators of Emirates Airlines and Air Arabia has been compared and further analyzed to see if there is any significant impact of the macroeconomic indicators on the financial performance of the airline companies. Companies can create wealth either by increasing profit per employee or by increasing the number of employees earning such profits, or both.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO 2 Thin Film Prepared by Sol gel Method

The effect of annealing temperatures on the surface morphology and optical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 thin films deposited by spin coating on Silicon substrate was studied. The TiO 2 thin films deposited onto silicon substrates were annealed at different temperatures. The structural and optical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X ray diffraction technique (XRD) and optical ellipsometer. The results indicated that the structural properties of the TiO 2 thin films were changed with the increase in annealing temperature. The SEM investigation showed that as annealing temperature was increased, the grain and pores size were increased. The XRD patterns of the studied samples showed that rutile phase were found in a sample annealed at high temperature. The ellipsometry investigation shows that the refractive index increased while energy band gap decreased with the annealing temperature. The results showed that surface porosity, optical properties and surface morphology of TiO 2 could be affected by changing the annealing temperature.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Film Prepared by Sol gel Method

The effect of annealing temperatures on the surface morphology and optical properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films deposited by spin coating on Silicon substrate was studied. The TiO2 thin films deposited onto silicon substrates were annealed at different temperatures. The structural and optical properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X ray diffraction technique (XRD) and optical ellipsometer. The results indicated that the structural properties of the TiO2 thin films were changed with the increase in annealing temperature. The SEM investigation showed that as annealing temperature was increased, the grain and pores size were increased. The XRD patterns of the studied samples showed that rutile phase were found in a sample annealed at high temperature. The ellipsometry investigation shows that the refractive index increased while energy band gap decreased with the annealing temperature. The results showed that surface porosity, optical properties and surface morphology of TiO2 could be affected by changing the annealing temperature.
Modelling uncertainty in deep learning for camera relocalization
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

We present a robust and real time monocular six degree of freedom visual relocalization system. We use a Bayesian convolutional neural network to regress the 6 DOF camera pose from a single RGB image. It is trained in an end to end manner with no need of additional engineering or graph optimisation. The algorithm can operate indoors and outdoors in real time, taking under 6ms to compute. It obtains approximately 2m and 6deg accuracy for very large scale outdoor scenes and 0.5m and 10deg accuracy indoors. Using a Bayesian convolutional neural network implementation we obtain an estimate of the model's relocalization uncertainty and improve state of the art localization accuracy on a large scale outdoor dataset. We leverage the uncertainty measure to estimate metric relocalization error and to detect the presence or absence of the scene in the input image. We show that the model's uncertainty is caused by images being dissimilar to the training dataset in either pose or appearance.