nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk evaluation in failure mode and effects analysis using fuzzy digraph and matrix approach
Venue: J. Intell. Manuf.

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used engineering technique for identifying and eliminating known and potential failures from systems, designs, products, processes or services. However, the conventional risk priority number method has been extensively criticized in the literature for a lot of reasons such as ignoring relative importance of risk factors, questionable multiplication procedure, and imprecisely evaluation. In this article, a new FMEA model based on fuzzy digraph and matrix approach is developed to solve the problems and improve the effectiveness of the traditional FMEA. All the information about risk factors like occurrence (O) severity (S) and detection (D) and their relative weights are expressed in linguistic terms, represented by fuzzy numbers. By considering the risk factors and their relative importance, a risk factors fuzzy digraph is developed for the optimum representation of interrelations. Then, corresponding fuzzy risk matrixes are formed for all the identified failure modes in FMEA and risk priority indexes are computed for determining the risk priorities of the failure modes. Finally, a case study of steam valve system is included to illustrate the proposed fuzzy FMEA and the advantages are highlighted by comparing with the listed methods.
Biomass, strain engineering, and fermentation processes for butanol production by solventogenic clostridia
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Butanol is considered an attractive biofuel and a commercially important bulk chemical. However, economical production of butanol by solventogenic clostridia, e.g. via fermentative production of acetone butanol ethanol (ABE) is hampered by low fermentation performance, mainly as a result of toxicity of butanol to microorganisms and high substrate costs. Recently, sugars from marine macroalgae and syngas were recognized as potent carbon sources in biomass feedstocks that are abundant and do not compete for arable land with edible crops. With the aid of systems metabolic engineering, many researchers have developed clostridial strains with improved performance on fermentation of these substrates. Alternatively, fermentation strategies integrated with butanol recovery processes such as adsorption, gas stripping, liquid liquid extraction, and pervaporation have been designed to increase the overall titer of butanol and volumetric productivity. Nevertheless, for economically feasible production of butanol, innovative strategies based on recent research should be implemented. This review describes and discusses recent advances in the development of biomass feedstocks, microbial strains, and fermentation processes for butanol production.
Bayesian optimization under mixed constraints with a slack variable augmented Lagrangian
Venue: NIPS

An augmented Lagrangian (AL) can convert a constrained optimization problem into a sequence of simpler (e.g. unconstrained) problems, which are then usually solved with local solvers. Recently, surrogate based Bayesian optimization (BO) sub solvers have been successfully deployed in the AL framework for a more global search in the presence of inequality constraints; however, a drawback was that expected improvement (EI) evaluations relied on Monte Carlo. Here we introduce an alternative slack variable AL, and show that in this formulation the EI may be evaluated with library routines. The slack variables furthermore facilitate equality as well as inequality constraints, and mixtures thereof. We show how our new slack "ALBO" compares favorably to the original. Its superiority over conventional alternatives is reinforced on several mixed constraint examples.
Bullying among nurses and its relationship with burnout and organizational climate.
Venue: International journal of nursing practice

Workplace bullying is one of the most common work related psychological problems. Bullying costs seem higher for organizations composed of health care workers who perform direct contact patients complex tasks. Only a few studies have been carried out among nurses in Italy and integrated models of bullying antecedents and consequences are particularly missing. The aim of this study was to develop a bullying model focused on the interaction between bullying and burnout in the setting of a climate health relationship. Research involved 658 nurses who completed a survey on health, burnout, bullying and organizational climate. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. Results suggest that workplace bullying partially mediates the relationship between organizational climate and burnout and that bullying does not affect health directly, but only indirectly, via the mediation of burnout. Our study demonstrates the key role of workplace bullying and burnout in the climate health relationship in order to understand and to improve nurses' health.
Model Based Recursive Partitioning for Subgroup Analyses
Venue: The international journal of biostatistics

The identification of patient subgroups with differential treatment effects is the first step towards individualised treatments. A current draft guideline by the EMA discusses potentials and problems in subgroup analyses and formulated challenges to the development of appropriate statistical procedures for the data driven identification of patient subgroups. We introduce model based recursive partitioning as a procedure for the automated detection of patient subgroups that are identifiable by predictive factors. The method starts with a model for the overall treatment effect as defined for the primary analysis in the study protocol and uses measures for detecting parameter instabilities in this treatment effect. The procedure produces a segmented model with differential treatment parameters corresponding to each patient subgroup. The subgroups are linked to predictive factors by means of a decision tree. The method is applied to the search for subgroups of patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that differ with respect to their Riluzole treatment effect, the only currently approved drug for this disease.
Deep Relative Distance Learning: Tell the Difference between Similar Vehicles
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

The growing explosion in the use of surveillance cameras in public security highlights the importance of vehicle search from a large scale image or video database. However, compared with person re identification or face recognition, vehicle search problem has long been neglected by researchers in vision community. This paper focuses on an interesting but challenging problem, vehicle re identification (a.k.a precise vehicle search) We propose a Deep Relative Distance Learning (DRDL) method which exploits a two branch deep convolutional network to project raw vehicle images into an Euclidean space where distance can be directly used to measure the similarity of arbitrary two vehicles. To further facilitate the future research on this problem, we also present a carefully organized largescale image database "VehicleID" which includes multiple images of the same vehicle captured by different realworld cameras in a city. We evaluate our DRDL method on our VehicleID dataset and another recently released vehicle model classification dataset "CompCars" in three sets of experiments: vehicle re identification, vehicle model verification and vehicle retrieval. Experimental results show that our method can achieve promising results and outperforms several state of the art approaches.
Investigating the acceptance of technology in distance learning program
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT)

Distance learning program defined as the structured education program in which the instructors and students are physically apart and distanced by time or place and rely heavily on assortment of infrastructures and technologies (ordinary mail, broadcasting media, Internet technologies and Learning Management System(LMS) etc. in order to communicate and interact between instructors and students, students with students and instructors with instructors. There are several tools required to apply distance learning in universities in KSA, the available tools in University of Dammam such as course lesson, electronic mail, chat room, quiz, examinations and online collaboration features provide a positive ground for successful implementation of LMS. 216 university students in KSA are participated to this quantitative study by answering 5 points Likert scales questionnaires. Result shows that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant effect on usage behaviour, using technology acceptance model (TAM) Despite the cultural differences and different country context, LMS in distance learning program is widely accepted by the students provided that the LMS's perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is high.
Quantum transport in carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized with magnetic molecules

We report on quantum transport measurements of a carbon nanotube (CNT) quantum dot that is functionalized with magnetic {Mn4} complexes. The coupling between the spin 5/2 MnII ions within each {Mn4} complex is predominantly antiferromagnetic. Coulomb diamond measurements at T 4 K reveal that the covalent attachment of the complexes to the CNT framework has only little influence on the carbon nanotube quantum dot. Surprisingly, a strong increase of noise is observed upon cooling the sample to T 30 mK. Time traces of the current taken at a diamond edge reveal a random telegraph signal. We attribute this to fluctuations of molecular spin states of the attached {Mn4} complexes.
Effect of a condolence letter on grief symptoms among relatives of patients who died in the ICU: a randomized clinical trial
Venue: Intensive Care Medicine

AbstractPurposeFamily members of patients who die in the intensive care unit (ICU) may experience symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or prolonged grief. We evaluated whether grief symptoms were alleviated if the physician and the nurse in charge at the time of death sent the closest relative a handwritten condolence letter.MethodsMulticenter randomized trial conducted among 242 relatives of patients who died at 22 ICUs in France between December 2014 and October 2015. Relatives were randomly assigned to receiving (n 123) or not receiving (n 119) a condolence letter. The primary endpoint was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) at 1 month. Secondary endpoints included HADS, complicated grief (ICG) and PTSD related symptoms (IES R) at 6 months. Observers were blinded to group allocation.ResultsAt 1 month, 208 (85.9% relatives completed the HADS; median score was 16 [IQR, 10 22] with and 14 [8 21.5] without the letter (P 0.36) Although scores were higher in the intervention group, there were no significant differences regarding the HADS depression subscale (8 [4 12] vs. 6 [2 12] mean difference 1.1 0.5 to 2.6] P 0.09) and prevalence of depression symptoms (56.0 vs. 42.4% RR 0.76 [0.57 1.00] P 0.05) At 6 months, 190 (78.5% relatives were interviewed. The intervention significantly increased the HADS (13 [7 19] vs. 10 [4 17.5] P 0.04) HADS depression subscale (6  vs. 3  P 0.02) prevalence of depression symptoms (36.6 vs. 24.7% P 0.05) and PTSD related symptoms (52.4 vs. 37.1% P 0.03).ConclusionsIn relatives of patients who died in the ICU, a condolence letter failed to alleviate grief symptoms and may have worsened depression and PTSD related symptoms.
Regulation of immune cell function by short chain fatty acids
Venue: Clinical translational immunology

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial fermentation products, which are chemically composed by a carboxylic acid moiety and a small hydrocarbon chain. Among them, acetic, propionic and butyric acids are the most studied, presenting, respectively, two, three and four carbons in their chemical structure. These metabolites are found in high concentrations in the intestinal tract, from where they are uptaken by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) The SCFAs are partially used as a source of ATP by these cells. In addition, these molecules act as a link between the microbiota and the immune system by modulating different aspects of IECs and leukocytes development, survival and function through activation of G protein coupled receptors (FFAR2, FFAR3, GPR109a and Olfr78) and by modulation of the activity of enzymes and transcription factors including the histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase and the hypoxia inducible factor. Considering that, it is not a surprise, the fact that these molecules and/or their targets are suggested to have an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and that changes in components of this system are associated with pathological conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and others. The aim of this review is to present a clear and updated description of the effects of the SCFAs derived from bacteria on host immune system, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved on them.
Butyrate, neuroepigenetics and the gut microbiome: Can a high fiber diet improve brain health?
Venue: Neuroscience Letters

As interest in the gut microbiome has grown in recent years, attention has turned to the impact of our diet on our brain. The benefits of a high fiber diet in the colon have been well documented in epidemiological studies, but its potential impact on the brain has largely been understudied. Here, we will review evidence that butyrate, a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon, can improve brain health. Butyrate has been extensively studied as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor but also functions as a ligand for a subset of G protein coupled receptors and as an energy metabolite. These diverse modes of action make it well suited for solving the wide array of imbalances frequently encountered in neurological disorders. In this review, we will integrate evidence from the disparate fields of gastroenterology and neuroscience to hypothesize that the metabolism of a high fiber diet in the gut can alter gene expression in the brain to prevent neurodegeneration and promote regeneration.
The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota gut brain axis?
Venue: Neurochemistry International

Several lines of evidence suggest that brain function and behaviour are influenced by microbial metabolites. Key products of the microbiota are short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyric acid. Butyrate is a functionally versatile molecule that is produced in the mammalian gut by fermentation of dietary fibre and is enriched in butter and other dairy products. Butyrate along with other fermentation derived SCFAs (e.g. acetate, propionate) and the structurally related ketone bodies (e.g. acetoacetate and d b hydroxybutyrate) show promising effects in various diseases including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory (bowel) diseases, and colorectal cancer as well as neurological disorders. Indeed, it is clear that host energy metabolism and immune functions critically depend on butyrate as a potent regulator, highlighting butyrate as a key mediator of host microbe crosstalk. In addition to specific receptors (GPR43/FFAR2; GPR41/FFAR3; GPR109a/HCAR2) and transporters (MCT1/SLC16A1; SMCT1/SLC5A8) its effects are mediated by utilisation as an energy source via the b oxidation pathway and as an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) promoting histone acetylation and stimulation of gene expression in host cells. The latter has also led to the use of butyrate as an experimental drug in models for neurological disorders ranging from depression to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. Here we provide a critical review of the literature on butyrate and its effects on multiple aspects of host physiology with a focus on brain function and behaviour. We find fundamental differences in natural butyrate at physiological concentrations and its use as a neuropharmacological agent at rather high, supraphysiological doses in brain research. Finally, we hypothesise that butyrate and other volatile SCFAs produced by microbes may be involved in regulating the impact of the microbiome on behaviour including social communication.
Nutritional Signaling via Free Fatty Acid Receptors
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

Excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when demand for energy arises. Dysfunction of energy balance by excess food intake leads to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Free fatty acids (FFAs) provided by dietary fat are not only important nutrients, but also contribute key physiological functions via FFA receptor (FFAR) mediated signaling molecules, which depend on FFAs' carbon chain length and the ligand specificity of the receptors. Functional analyses have revealed that FFARs are critical for metabolic functions, such as peptide hormone secretion and inflammation, and contribute to energy homeostasis. In particular, recent studies have shown that the administration of selective agonists of G protein coupled receptor (GPR) 40 and GPR120 improved glucose metabolism and systemic metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the anti inflammation and energy metabolism effects of short chain FAs have been linked to the activation of GPR41 and GPR43. In this review, we summarize recent progress in research on FFAs and their physiological roles in the regulation of energy metabolism.
Malware propagation modeling considering software diversity and immunization
Venue: J. Comput. Sci.

In this paper, we propose a discrete time susceptible exposed infected recovered susceptible (SEIRS) epidemic model of malware propagation in scale free networks (SFNs) with considering software diversity. We study dynamical behavior of the SEIRS model, which is determined by a threshold (i.e. basic reproductive ratio) With this threshold, we can predict whether the malware propagates or not. Also, using a coloring algorithm, the number of diverse software packages installed on nodes is calculated and used as a parameter to prevent malware spreading. Furthermore, we investigate global dynamics of the model and analyze the stability of the malware free equilibrium. The dynamics of malware propagation is evaluated using the results of numerical simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed model, which considers software diversity, is more effective than other existing epidemic models. We have compared different immunization mechanisms, and have shown that the targeted immunization is better than the random immunization for controlling malware spreading in SFNs.
Outburst floods of the Maly Yenisei. Part I

The Yenisei, the largest river flowing to the Arctic Ocean, repeatedly hosted cataclysmic floods during the Pleistocene. The largest of the known floods likely originated from palaeolakes in northern Mongolia, at the headwaters of the Little, or Maly, Yenisei. These ancient floods are among the greatest known globally. They left giant gravel dunes and wide abandoned channels in the Kyzyl basin, and high terraces in the gorges upstream. However, few detailed field studies of the flood deposits and no measurements of their ages have been made thus far. The largest palaeolakes were impounded during major glaciations by outlet glaciers from the East Sayan ice field in southern Siberia. The shorelines suggest four distinct palaeolake depths of 290, 175, 145, and 65 m. The timing and location of the glacier impounding the deepest lakes are uncertain but at its maximum, the Tengis outlet glacier was likely capable of impounding the 175 m lake. The dating of glacial deposits in and around the basin reveals that the maximum late Pleistocene glaciers were during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The ages for deep lake sediments exposed in the basin behind the dam's location support this finding. During MIS 2 the Tengis glacier was large enough to impound at least the 145 m lake. However, the existence of a deep MIS 2 palaeolake in the basin has been challenged, because no evidence has been published of MIS 2 lake sediments from the cutbank outcrops and deep drilling cores. Additionally, the end moraines of the Tengis glacier, separated from the deeply eroded lateral moraines by the Maly Yenisei, remain undated; therefore it is uncertain exactly when this glacier crossed the river. This review is part I of a two part article; Part II presents new age data to constrain the ages of the glacial dam.
Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect
Venue: The Lancet

The importance of breastfeeding in low income and middle income countries is well recognised, but less consensus exists about its importance in high income countries. In low income and middle income countries, only 37% of children younger than 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. With few exceptions, breastfeeding duration is shorter in high income countries than in those that are resource poor. Our meta analyses indicate protection against child infections and malocclusion, increases in intelligence, and probable reductions in overweight and diabetes. We did not find associations with allergic disorders such as asthma or with blood pressure or cholesterol, and we noted an increase in tooth decay with longer periods of breastfeeding. For nursing women, breastfeeding gave protection against breast cancer and it improved birth spacing, and it might also protect against ovarian cancer and type 2 diabetes. The scaling up of breastfeeding to a near universal level could prevent 823,000 annual deaths in children younger than 5 years and 20,000 annual deaths from breast cancer. Recent epidemiological and biological findings from during the past decade expand on the known benefits of breastfeeding for women and children, whether they are rich or poor.
Late stages of the influenza A virus replication cycle a tight interplay between virus and host.
Venue: The Journal of general virology

After successful infection and replication of its genome in the nucleus of the host cell, influenza A virus faces several challenges before newly assembled viral particles can bud off from the plasma membrane, giving rise to a new infectious virus. The viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes need to exit from the nucleus and be transported to the virus assembly sites at the plasma membrane. Moreover, they need to be bundled to ensure the incorporation of precisely one of each of the eight viral genome segments into newly formed viral particles. Similarly, viral envelope glycoproteins and other viral structural proteins need to be targeted to virus assembly sites for viral particles to form and bud off from the plasma membrane. During all these steps influenza A virus heavily relies on a tight interplay with its host, exploiting host cell proteins for its own purposes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on late stages of the influenza virus replication cycle, focusing on the role of host cell proteins involved in this process.