nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer statistics in China, 2015
Venue: CA: a cancer journal for clinicians

With increasing incidence and mortality, cancer is the leading cause of death in China and is a major public health problem. Because of China's massive population (1.37 billion) previous national incidence and mortality estimates have been limited to small samples of the population using data from the 1990s or based on a specific year. With high quality data from an additional number of population based registries now available through the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the authors analyzed data from 72 local, population based cancer registries (2009 2011) representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate the number of new cases and cancer deaths for 2015. Data from 22 registries were used for trend analyses (2000 2011) The results indicated that an estimated 4292,000 new cancer cases and 2814,000 cancer deaths would occur in China in 2015, with lung cancer being the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of cancer death. Residents of rural areas had significantly higher age standardized (Segi population) incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined than urban residents (213.6 per 100,000 vs 191.5 per 100,000 for incidence; 149.0 per 100,000 vs 109.5 per 100,000 for mortality, respectively) For all cancers combined, the incidence rates were stable during 2000 through 2011 for males +0.2% per year; P .1) whereas they increased significantly +2.2% per year; P .05) among females. In contrast, the mortality rates since 2006 have decreased significantly for both males 1.4% per year; P .05) and females 1.1% per year; P .05) Many of the estimated cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations.
Cancer statistics, 2016

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the National Cancer Institute (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] Program) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (National Program of Cancer Registries) and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2016, 1,685,210 new cancer cases and 595,690 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Overall cancer incidence trends (13 oldest SEER registries) are stable in women, but declining by 3.1% per year in men (from 2009 2012) much of which is because of recent rapid declines in prostate cancer diagnoses. The cancer death rate has dropped by 23% since 1991, translating to more than 1.7 million deaths averted through 2012. Despite this progress, death rates are increasing for cancers of the liver, pancreas, and uterine corpus, and cancer is now the leading cause of death in 21 states, primarily due to exceptionally large reductions in death from heart disease. Among children and adolescents (aged birth 19 years) brain cancer has surpassed leukemia as the leading cause of cancer death because of the dramatic therapeutic advances against leukemia. Accelerating progress against cancer requires both increased national investment in cancer research and the application of existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
The Role of The CISG in U.S. Contract Practice: An Empirical Study

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) operates as an "international" version of UCC Article 2 it supplies the governing law when a U.S. company enters into a contract for the sale of goods with a foreign counterparty. Scholars have long debated the role that the CISG plays in contract practice in the United States. Some argue that the CISG has come to be embraced, if slowly, by U.S. lawyers. Others contend that the CISG has yet to achieve widespread acceptance within the U.S. legal community. Prior studies have sought to resolve this debate by looking to surveys of practicing attorneys. This Article seeks to shed light on this question by looking to actual contracts entered into by U.S. companies.The Article draws upon a hand collected dataset of more than 5,000 contracts along with interviews with several lawyers who had a hand in their drafting in an attempt to better understand the role that the CISG plays in U.S. contract practice. The Article shows that: (1) many U.S. companies reflexively exclude the CISG without inquiring as to whether it would apply of its own force, (2) U.S companies virtually never select the CISG as the law to govern their agreements, (3) there is no industry or geographic location within the United States where the CISG has been affirmatively embraced, (4) some U.S. companies that had selected the CISG in the past now have a policy of excluding it from their contracts, and (5) U.S. companies are frequently unaware that selecting the law of a U.S. state can result in the application of the CISG. These findings suggest a number of important insights. First, they show that past surveys of U.S. lawyers dramatically overstate the extent to which the CISG has gained acceptance within the U.S. legal community. Second, they indicate that contract practice with respect to the CISG can and does vary from nation to nation. The dataset contracts show that Chinese solar companies, in contrast to their U.S. counterparts, have embraced the CISG. Third, and finally, they highlight the potential unfairness of requiring unsophisticated U.S. companies to litigate international contract disputes under a set of treaty rules that are routinely avoided by their more sophisticated brethren.
Synthetic Traffic Model of the Graph500 Communications
Venue: ICA3PP

As BigData applications have gained momentum over the last years, the Graph500 benchmark has appeared in an attempt to steer the design of HPC systems to maximize the performance under memory constricted application workloads. A realistic simulation of such benchmarks for architectural research is challenging due to size and detail limitations, and synthetic traffic workloads constitute one of the least resource consuming methods to evaluate the performance. In this work, we propose a synthetic traffic model that emulates the behavior of the Graph500 communications. Our model is empirically obtained through a characterization of several executions of the benchmark with different input parameters. We verify the validity of our model against a characterization of the execution of the benchmark with different parameters. Our model is well suited for implementation in an architectural simulator.
Nanopublication beyond the sciences: the PeriodO period gazetteer
Venue: PeerJ Comput. Sci.

The information expressed in humanities datasets is inextricably tied to a wider discursive environment that is irreducible to complete formal representation. Humanities scholars must wrestle with this fact when they attempt to publish or consume structured data. The practice of "nanopublication," which originated in the e science domain, offers a way to maintain the connection between formal representations of humanities data and its discursive basis. In this paper we describe nanopublication, its potential applicability to the humanities, and our experience curating humanities nanopublications in the PeriodO period gazetteer. Subjects Digital Libraries, World Wide Web and Web
Geometrical Properties Can Predict CO2 and N2 Adsorption Performance of Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) at Low Pressure.
Venue: ACS combinatorial science

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are nanoporous materials with exceptional host guest properties poised for groundbreaking innovations in gas separation applications according to high throughput (HT) screening data. However, MOF structural libraries are nearly infinite in practice and so statistical and information technology will play a fundamental role in implementing and rationalizing MOF virtual screening. In this work, we apply k means clustering and archetypal analysis (AA) to identify the truly significant nanoporous structures in a large library of ~82 000 virtual MOFs. Quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) models of the theoretical CO2 and N2 uptake capacities were also developed using a calibration set of ~16 000 hypothetical MOF structures derived from the prototypes and archetype frameworks. Since uptake capacities correlated poorly to the void fraction, surface area and pore size but these properties were used to build binary classifier predictors that successfully identify "high performing" nanoporous materials in an external test set of ~65 000 MOFs with accuracy higher than 94% The accuracy of the classification decreased for MOFs with fluorine substituents. The classification models can serve as efficient filtering tools to detecting promising high performing candidates at the early stage of virtual high throughput screening of novel porous materials.
Structure property relationships in metal organic frameworks for hydrogen storage

Experimental hydrogen isotherms on several metal organic frameworks (IRMOF 1, IRMOF 3, IRMOF 9, ZIF 7, ZIF 8, ZIF 9, ZIF 11, ZIF 12, ZIF CoNIm, MIL 101 (Cr) NH2 MIL 101 (Cr) NH2 MIL 101 (Al) UiO 66, UiO 67 and HKUST 1) synthesized in house and measured at 77 K and pressures up to 18 MPa are presented, along with N2 adsorption characterization. The experimental isotherms together with literature high pressure hydrogen data were analysed in order to search for relationships between structural properties of the materials and their hydrogen uptakes. The total hydrogen capacity of the materials was calculated from the excess adsorption assuming a constant density for the adsorbed hydrogen. The surface area, pore volumes and pore sizes of the materials were related to their maximum hydrogen excess and total hydrogen capacities. Results also show that ZIF 7 and ZIF 9 (SOD topology) have unusual hydrogen isotherm shapes at relatively low pressures, which is indicative of "breathing" a phase transition in which the pore space increases due to adsorption. This work presents novel and more useful correlations using the modelled total hydrogen capacities of several MOFs. These total hydrogen capacities are more practically relevant for energy storage applications than the measured excess hydrogen capacities. Thus, these structural correlations will be advantageous for the prediction of the properties a MOF will need in order to meet the US Department of Energy targets for the mass and volume of on board storage systems. Such design tools will allow hydrogen to be used as an energy vector for sustainable mobile applications such as transport, or for providing supplementary power to the grid in times of high demand.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Its Economic Impact and Link to the Bullwhip Effect

This paper examines the economic impact of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the supply chain operations of multinational corporations (MNC) Because they have global supply chains in emerging markets, MNCs face certain operational challenges. For example, unethical operations often result in a huge loss to MNCs in the long run, even though their initial cost seems to be low. In this paper, we extend the Bullwhip Effect theory in supply chain management to the ethical operations context, and define and evaluate a special Bullwhip Effect due to Unethical Operations (BEUO) Using economic data from various sources including Ford, Toyota, and GM in the auto industry, we first estimate the indices of BEUO for the three companies and demonstrate the economic necessity for MNCs to incorporate CSR with supply chain operations. We then propose a coherent approach, blending what we term the bottom up and proactive methods, to achieve such an outcome. The bottom up approach requires MNCs to switch their focus on stakeholders, shifting from shareholders to consumers and workers, and on decision levels from public relationships to supply chain operations. The proactive approach recommends initializing specific CSR operations to mitigate the negative impact of BEUO. Both theoretical analysis and case studies are conducted to evaluate our developed propositions that MNCs adopting the proposed CSR operations will in the long run achieve better economic performance. Recommended actions for implementation, based on best practices, are also presented.
A potential role for the dermatologist in the physical transformation of transgender people: A survey of attitudes and practices within the transgender community.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

There are an estimated 700,000 or more transgender people in the United States, however their dermatologic needs are not fully established in the medical literature. Unique needs relate to hormone therapy, prior surgeries, and other aspects of physical transitioning.  By examining attitudes and practices of transgender individuals, we aimed to identify areas for which dermatologists could contribute to their physical transformation.  This cross sectional study used an anonymous online survey, distributed via lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender organizations; social media; and at targeted locations and events.  A total of 327 people completed the survey (63% men, 29% women, 9% other) Most transgender women indicated that their face was most imperative to have changed, whereas men noted their chest, in turn influencing procedures. Of women's facial procedures, hair removal predominated, followed by surgery then injectables, mostly performed by plastic surgeons. Hormone induced facial effects varied, usually taking over 2 years for maximal effect. When choosing procedures, money was the major barrier and good aesthetic outcome the primary concern. Participants did not think that facial procedures necessitate the currently accepted prerequisites for chest and genital surgery.  This study has limited size and convenience sampling.  Dermatologists could contribute to the physical transformation of transgender patients through noninvasive procedures.
In response to Ginsberg et al: "A potential role for the dermatologist in the physical transformation of transgender people: A survey of attitudes and practices within the transgender community"
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

We read with interest the article of Ginsberg et al, 'A potential role for the dermatologist in the physical transformation of transgender people: A survey of attitudes and practices within the transgender community. Ginsberg et al provided an excellent overview of the surgical and cosmetic interventions that dermatologists may provide to patients undergoing a gender transition. Their article also raised important questions regarding medical dermatology for the transgender community, and in particular, the use of isotretinoin. Dermatologists are familiar with the iPLEDGE system, which regulates the use of isotretinoin. The iPLEDGE program patient introductory brochure consistently refers to patient gender in binary terms, but does not account for the fact that for many patients, gender identity and chromosomal sex may be incongruent. With increased visibility of the transgender community and the risk of acneiform eruptions in patients taking hormones to assist in gender transitions, dermatologists have a duty to be more sensitive to the needs of these patients. Not only does the iPLEDGE system potentially alienate transgendered patients with its binary reference to gender, but it also may inadvertently lead to confusion between the transgendered patient and physician. For example, how should a dermatologist treat a patient who was born with the chromosomal sex of a woman, identifies as male gender, and is currently transitioning to male sex? Although the potential for pregnancy is the main concern in determining laboratory monitoring and counseling for isotretinoin, confusion over sex and gender
Survey of community pharmacy residents' perceptions of transgender health management.
Venue: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association JAPhA

To measure the general perceptions and attitudes of community pharmacy residents toward transgender patients and health; 2) to identify gaps in didactic education regarding transgender health care among residents; and 3) to evaluate residents' level of support for pharmacists receiving education in transgender health care.  This study was a cross sectional survey delivered online. Community residency directors were e mailed a cover letter and a 34 question online survey. The directors were asked to forward the survey to their residents for completion within 4 weeks. Responses were anonymous with no identifiers collected on the survey. Survey responses used a combination of open response, multiple choice, and Likert scale questions aimed at gathering respondents' demographic information, perceptions of managing transgender patients and the need for receiving additional education in transgender health care.  Overall, the results of the survey indicated that community pharmacy residents support integrating transgender health management into pharmacy education and recognize that the overwhelming barriers to care for these patients include discrimination and lack of provider knowledge. Significant findings include: 82.7% of community residents think that community pharmacists play an important role in providing care for transgender patients; 98.2% think that they have a responsibility to treat transgender patients; and 71.4% were not educated about transgender patient issues in pharmacy school. Only 36.2% of community residents felt confident in their ability to treat transgender patients.  Community pharmacy residents list discrimination and lack of provider knowledge as the major barriers to care for transgender patients. Residents do not feel confident in their ability to treat and manage transgender patients. The majority of residents were not educated about transgender patient issues while in pharmacy school and think that community pharmacists need more education in this area. Residents support integrating transgender health education into continuing education programs and pharmacy school curricula.
Large scale log analysis of digital reading
Venue: ASIST

In this paper, we address daily reading practices of the general public in Russia analyzing 10 months of log data from the commercial ebook site Bookmate. We study different reading characteristics with ebooks, i.e. the reading volume and preferences, reading schedule, reading speed and reading style (including parallel reading patterns and book abandonment rates) with respect to reader gender, book length and genre of the book. We find that book genres impact certain reading behaviors, while gender differences or book length seem to play less of a role in ebook reading. Parallel book reading and book abandonment occur very frequently, possibly pointing towards changing reading behaviors in the ebook environment. The obtained insights demonstrate the high potential of log analysis for book reading studies.
The method used to culture host cells (Sf9 cells) can affect the qualities of baculovirus budding particles expressing recombinant proteins
Venue: Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry

Budded virus (BV) particles of baculovirus (Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus, AcNPV) are harvested from the supernatant of liquid culture of Sf9 host cells by ultracentrifugation. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of BV samples fractionated closely by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, we observed that BVs exhibited different qualities depending on whether they had been harvested from the supernatant from a standing (static) shaking (suspension) or standing/shaking (pre /post infection) culture of Sf9 cells. The amount of BV protein apparently increased in the order of standing, standing/shaking, and shaking procedure, and the yield of intact particles showed an opposite trend. TEM observation clearly showed that appropriate fractions of the standing and standing/shaking cultures contained more intact BV particles than those from the shaking culture. These results suggest that the qualities of recombinant BV particles may be related to the culture conditions of the host cells.
A Simple Outdoor Environment Obstacle Detection Method Based on Information Fusion of Depth and Infrared
Venue: J. Robotics

In allusion to the existing low recognition rate and robustness problem in obstacle detection; a simple but effective obstacle detection algorithm of information fusion in the depth and infrared is put forward. The scenario is segmented by the mean shift algorithm and the pixel gradient of foreground is calculated. After pretreatment of edge detection and morphological operation, the depth information and infrared information are fused. The characteristics of depth map and infrared image in edge detection are used for the raised method, the false rate of detection is reduced, and detection precision is improved. Since the depth map and infrared image are not affected by natural sunlight, the influence on obstacle recognition due to the factors such as light intensity and shadow is effectively reduced and the robustness of the algorithm is also improved. Experiments indicate that the detection algorithm of information fusion can accurately identify the small obstacle in the view and the accuracy of obstacle recognition will not be affected by light. Hence, this method has great significance for mobile robot or intelligent vehicles on obstacle detection in outdoor environment.
Autonomous off road navigation using stereo vision and laser rangefinder fusion for outdoor obstacles detection
Venue: 2016 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)

During the last decade, ground mobile robots that are able to drive autonomously in off road environments have received a great deal of attention. Autonomous navigation in unstructured environments faces many new challenges compared to structured urban environments, these challenges increase the complexity of the localization, obstacle detection, path planning and navigation commands. Accordingly this paper presents a fusion system for stereo vision and laser rangefinder outdoor obstacle detection, which is implemented as an application for autonomous off road navigation. The test platform is an electric golf cart that is modified mechanically and electrically to operate in driver less mode. This vehicle is equipped with binocular camera, laser rangefinder, electronic compass and on board embedded computer, which operates using Robotic Operating System (ROS) architecture. The proposed architecture gathers the data from all different sensors, in order to make navigation decisions from one point to another, avoiding obstacles in the path. Experimental results indicate the high performance of the proposed approaches, they show that the perception from the stereo vision detection enhances the laser rangefinder detection, which consequently makes a better decision in maneuvering the obstacle and returns back to the original path.