nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased short circuit current density and external quantum efficiency of silicon and dye sensitised solar cells through plasmonic luminescent down shifting layers

Luminescent down shifting (LDS) is a purely optical method to improve the short wavelength response of photovoltaics by red shifting the incident solar spectrum. This work is the first to investigate plasmonic LDS (pLDS) layers applied to c Si and DSSC solar cells. The addition of pLDS composite layers containing core shell quantum dots CdSe/ZnS was demonstrated to increase the short circuit current density (Jsc) of c Si and DSSC devices between 300 and 500 nm, where the QDs is most absorbing. Up to ~22% (relative) increase has been achieved for both cells when compared with cells with no pLDS layers. External quantum efficiency measurements have shown significant enhancement where the solar cells have poor optical response, below 500 nm, while increased efficiency was confirmed with current voltage (I V) measurements.
Employer trustworthiness, worker pride, and camaraderie as a source of competitive advantage

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between being a "great place to work" (GPTW) and firm performance. While lists such as the "Fortune 100 best places to work" were initially regarded solely as publicity vehicles for ranked firms, researchers have since tried to untangle the relationship between being a GPTW and firm performance, often by focussing on HRM systems and practices. In contrast, the study focusses on the valuable, rare, costly to imitate, and organization exploitability aspects of being a trustworthy employer, place where workers take pride in their work and enjoy the people with whom they work.  This study uses four distinct samples of firms drawn from Fortune's best companies to work for, Glassdoor.com's Employees' Choice Awards, Careerbliss.com's 50 Happiest Companies in America, and Achievers.com's 50 Most Engaged Workplaces Awards databases in a longitudinal design to compare performance attributes of listed firms to their respe.
An integrated solution for compression molded glass lenses
Venue: SPIE/COS Photonics Asia

In glass molding, residual stresses, refractive index variation and geometric deviation are inevitable, and result in aberrations. In order to achieve optimal performance, residual stresses, refractive index variation and geometric deviation have to be taken into account simultaneously and reduced into a reasonable level. This paper proposed an integrated procedure to reduce residual stresses, refractive index variation and geometric deviation. Geometry and refractive index predicted by simulation were used to provide feedback to modify the model geometry design. Measurement of geometry, refractive index and residual stresses before and after annealing confirmed that a post molding step is beneficial.
Thermal light curves of Earth like planets: 1. Varying surface and rotation on planets in a terrestrial orbit

The integrated thermal emission of an exoplanet and its variations along the orbital motion can carry information about the climatic conditions and the rotation of the planet. In this study, we use the LMDZ 3D Global Climate Model (GCM) to simulate the climate of a synthetic Earth and three quasi Earth configurations: a slowly rotating Earth, an ocean covered Earth and its snowball counterpart. We also generate the time dependent broadband thermal emission of the planet from these simulations. In a first step, we validate the model by comparing the synthetic Earth emission with the actual emission of our planet as constrained by observations. Then, we determine the main properties of the climate and emission of the three Earth like planets and compare them to those of the Earth. We show that planets with an uneven distribution of continents exhibit a maximum of emission during the summer of the hemisphere with larger continental masses, and they may exhibit a maximum of emission at apastron. Large convective clouds might form over the continents of slow rotating planets, having an important effect over their climate and their emission. We also show that, in all the modeled cases, the equilibrium temperature, the Bond albedo and the rotation period can in theory be retrieved from the light curve by a distant observer. The values obtained at transiting geometries have a low deviation from the global values for cases with an axis tilt similar to that of the Earth, and we are able to distinguish between the four planets presented here by the data obtained from their light curves. However, this might not be the case under different conditions.
The Genetics Underlying Natural Variation in the Biotic Interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana: The Challenges of Linking Evolutionary Genetics and Community Ecology.
Venue: Current topics in developmental biology

In the context of global change, predicting the responses of plant communities in an ever changing biotic environment calls for a multipronged approach at the interface of evolutionary genetics and community ecology. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of natural variation involved in mediating biotic interactions, and associated adaptive dynamics of focal plants in their natural communities, is still in its infancy. Here, we review the genetic and molecular bases of natural variation in the response to biotic interactions (viruses, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, herbivores, and plants) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as the adaptive value of these bases. Among the 60 identified genes are a number that encode nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NBS LRR) type proteins, consistent with early examples of plant defense genes. However, recent studies have revealed an extensive diversity in the molecular mechanisms of defense. Many types of genetic variants associate with phenotypic variation in biotic interactions, even among the genes of large effect that tend to be identified. In general, we found that (i) balancing selection rather than directional selection explains the observed patterns of genetic diversity within A. thaliana and (ii) the cost/benefit tradeoffs of adaptive alleles can be strongly dependent on both genomic and environmental contexts. Finally, because A. thaliana rarely interacts with only one biotic partner in nature, we highlight the benefit of exploring diffuse biotic interactions rather than tightly associated host enemy pairs. This challenge would help to improve our understanding of coevolutionary quantitative genetics within the context of realistic community complexity.
Aminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity in children
Venue: Pediatric Nephrology

Aminoglycoside antibiotics, in particular gentamicin and tobramycin, are still commonly used in paediatric clinical practice. These drugs cause nephrotoxicity, which particularly affects the proximal tubule epithelial cells due to selective endocytosis and accumulation of aminoglycosides via the multi ligand receptor megalin. Recent epidemiological studies, using more widely accepted definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI) have suggested that AKI may occur in between 20 and 33 of children exposed to aminoglycosides. A consensus set of phenotypic criteria for aminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity have recently been published. These are specifically designed to provide robust phenotyping for pharmacogenomic studies, but they can pave the way for standardisation for all clinical studies. Novel renal biomarkers, in particular kidney injury molecule 1, identify aminoglycoside induced proximal tubular injury earlier than traditional markers and have shown promise in observational studies. Further studies need to demonstrate a clear association with clinically relevant outcomes to inform translation into clinical practice. Extended interval dosing of aminoglycosides results in a reduction in nephrotoxicity, but its use needs to become more widespread. Inhibition of megalin mediated endocytosis by statins represents a novel approach to the prevention of aminoglycoside induced nephrotoxicity which is currently being evaluated in a clinical trial. Recommendations for future directions are provided.
The Effect Of Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction And Employee Supervisor Relationship On Job Performance And Organizational Commitment

Although organizational commitment and job performance are essential for the survival of an organization, yet scanty attention is paid to simultaneous investigation of these variables. This study set to investigate the influence of supervisor employee relationship, perceived leadership style, and job satisfaction on organizational commitment and job performance. Two hundred and fifty five employees of media employees are conveniently sampled with ages ranging from 20 to 57 years with a mean of 34.29 years. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was employed to test the working hypotheses. Stepwise regression analysis reveals three steps in the prediction of organizational commitment and job performance respectively. With the third steps showing that job satisfaction (b 0.53; p .001) supervisor subordinate relationship (b 0.41; p .001) and laissez faire leadership styles (b 0.38; p .001) as predicting organizational commitment with 49.7% variance is explained; while with job performance, 34.8% of variance explained the variables of working experience (b 0.54; p .001) education (b 0.31; p .01) and transformational leadership styles (b 0.22; p .05) This finding has implications for employee retention, performance management and incentive strategy.
Predicting the spread of marine species introduced by global shipping
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Predicting the arrival of alien species remains a big challenge, which is assumed to be a consequence of the complexity of the invasion process. Here, we demonstrate that spreading of alien marine species can be predicted by a simple model using only global shipping intensities, environmental variables, and species occurrence data. We provide species lists of the next potentially invading species in a local habitat or species causing harmful algal blooms with their associated probability of invasion. This will help to improve mitigation strategies to reduce the further introduction of alien species. Although this study focuses on marine algae, the model approach can be easily adopted to other taxonomic groups and their respective drivers of invasion. The human mediated translocation of species poses a distinct threat to nature, human health, and economy. Although existing models calculate the invasion probability of any species, frameworks for species specific forecasts are still missing. Here, we developed a model approach using global ship movements and environmental conditions to simulate the successive global spread of marine alien species that allows predicting the identity of those species likely to arrive next in a given habitat. In a first step, we simulated the historical stepping stone spreading dynamics of 40 marine alien species and compared predicted and observed alien species ranges. With an accuracy of 77% the model correctly predicted the presence/absence of an alien species in an ecoregion. Spreading dynamics followed a common pattern with an initial invasion of most suitable habitats worldwide and a subsequent spread into neighboring habitats. In a second step, we used the reported distribution of 97 marine algal species with a known invasion history, and six species causing harmful algal blooms, to determine the ecoregions most likely to be invaded next under climate warming. Cluster analysis revealed that species can be classified according to three characteristic spreading profiles: emerging species, high risk species, and widespread species. For the North Sea, the model predictions could be confirmed because two of the predicted high risk species have recently invaded the North Sea. This study highlights that even simple models considering only shipping intensities and habitat matches are able to correctly predict the identity of the next invading marine species.
A prioritization process for invasive alien plant species incorporating the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014

When faced with a large species pool of invasive or potentially invasive alien plants, prioritization is an essential prerequisite for focusing limited resources on species which inflict high impacts, have a high rate of spread and can be cost effectively managed. The prioritization process as detailed within this paper is the first tool to assess species for priority for risk assessment (RA) in the European Union (EU) specifically designed to incorporate the requirements of EU Regulation no. 1143/2014. The prioritization process can be used for any plant species alien to the EU, whether currently present within the territory or absent. The purpose of the prioritization is to act as a preliminarily evaluation to determine which species have the highest priority for RA at the EU level and may eventually be proposed for inclusion in the list of invasive alien species of EU concern. The preliminary risk assessment stage (Stage 1) prioritizes species into one of four lists (EU List of Invasive Alien Plants, EU Observation List of Invasive Alien Plants, EU List of Minor Concern and the Residual List) based on their potential for spread coupled with impacts. The impacts on native species and ecosystem functions and related ecosystem services are emphasized in line with Article 4.3(c) of the Regulation. Only those species included in the EU List of Invasive Alien Plants proceed to Stage 2 where potential for further spread and establishment coupled with evaluating preventative and management actions is evaluated. The output of Stage 2 is to prioritize those species which have the highest priority for a RA at the EU level or should be considered under national measures which may involve a trade ban, cessation of cultivation, monitoring, control, containment or eradication. When considering alien plant species for the whole of the EPPO region, or for species under the Plant Health Regulation, the original EPPO prioritization process for invasive alien plants remains the optimum tool.
The adaptor protein DCAF7 mediates the interaction of the adenovirus E1A oncoprotein with the protein kinases DYRK1A and HIPK2
Venue: Scientific reports

DYRK1A is a constitutively active protein kinase that has a critical role in growth and development which functions by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. DCAF7 (also termed WDR68 or HAN11) is a cellular binding partner of DYRK1A and also regulates signalling by the protein kinase HIPK2. DCAF7 is an evolutionarily conserved protein with a single WD40 repeat domain and has no catalytic activity. We have defined a DCAF7 binding motif of 12 amino acids in the N terminal domain of class 1 DYRKs that is functionally conserved in DYRK1 orthologs from Xenopus, Danio rerio and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. A similar sequence was essential for DCAF7 binding to HIPK2, whereas the closely related HIPK1 family member did not bind DCAF7. Immunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments identified DCAF7 as an adaptor for the association of the adenovirus E1A protein with DYRK1A and HIPK2. Furthermore, DCAF7 was required for the hyperphosphorylation of E1A in DYRK1A or HIPK2 overexpressing cells. Our results characterize DCAF7 as a substrate recruiting subunit of DYRK1A and HIPK2 and suggest that it is required for the negative effect of DYRK1A on E1A induced oncogenic transformation.
Speeding up Convolutional Neural Network Training with Dynamic Precision Scaling and Flexible Multiplier Accumulator
Venue: ISLPED

Training convolutional neural network is a major bottleneck when developing a new neural network topology. This paper presents a dynamic precision scaling (DPS) algorithm and flexible multiplier accumulator (MAC) to speed up convolutional neural network training. The DPS algorithm utilizes dynamic fixed point and finds good enough numerical precision for target network while training. The precision information from DPS is used to configure our proposed MAC. The proposed MAC can perform fixed point computation with variable precision mode providing differentiated computation time which enables speeding up training for lower precision computation. Simulation results show that our work can achieve 5.7x speed up while consuming 31% energy compared to baseline for modified Alexnet on Flickr image style recognition task.
Partial power DC DC converter for photovoltaic two stage string inverters
Venue: 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)

In order to increase the conversion efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) systems, different configurations and topologies were developed. Depending on the application, the converters used for grid connection are built using one or two conversion stages. The advantages of the converters with a DC stage are mainly the distributed maximum power point tracking algorithm per PV string, a wider range of operation, higher energy yield and, when required for grid connection, the possibility of voltage regulation. However, the conversion efficiency is lower than configurations with a single stage as the central inverter. Therefore, the proposed work presents a Partial Power DC DC converter (PPC) which process part of the entire system power, and the surplus power is directly supplied to the output side. A topology is proposed and the details of its operation are explained based on the operating principle. Simulations are performed in order to evaluate the converter performance.
Conductometric analysis of 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium ibuprofenate as an active pharmaceutical ingredient ionic liquid (API IL) in the aqueous amino acids solutions

In this work, electrical conductivities of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in ionic liquid form (API IL) 1 butyl 3 methylimidazolium ibuprofenate, [BMIM][Ibu] in water and in the aqueous solutions of amino acids, glycine and l alanine have been measured at T (288.15 318.15) K. The calculated molar conductivity data were analyzed by two famous conductivity models, low concentration Chemical Model (lcCM) and Fernandez Prini (FP) The results show that the FP equation is more appropriate for analysis of the molar conductivity data because the calculated parameters are not highly influenced by the initial guess values of the parameters. Using these models, the limiting molar conductivities L 0 ion association constants K A and standard Gibbs energy D G A 0 for the ion association process of the API IL have been calculated. The values of L 0 and K A decrease as the concentration of amino acid increase. This trend may be attributed to low mobility of the ions with large radii produced during the solvation of the ions by zwitterions of the amino acids. The values of L 0 and K A also increase from glycine to l alanine solutions. The ions of [BMIM][Ibu] are more solvated by (COO /NH 3 zwitterionic centers of glycine rather than l alanine. The more negative values of D G A 0 for [BMIM][Ibu] in l alanine rather than glycine solutions indicates that more spontaneously and more feasibility of the ion association process in this amino acid.
Exploration of Solvation Consequence of Ionic Liquid [Bu4PCH3SO3] in Various Solvent Systems by Conductance and FTIR Study

Solvation consequences of tetrabutylphosphonium methanesulfonate [Bu4PCH3SO3] in pure solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, nitromethane, formamide) and water have been studied by precise measurements on conductance and FTIR spectroscopy. The Fuoss conductance equation (1978) has been used to elucidate in terms of the limiting molar conductivity (Lo) the association constant (KA) and the association diameter (R) for ion pair formation, whereas Fuoss Kraus theory has been used for triple ion formation. Tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate [Bu4NBPh4] was taken as "reference electrolyte" to calculate the limiting ionic conductivity (lo+ of the ions along with the numerical evaluation of ion pair formation constant. The molecular as well as ionic association have been discussed in terms of ion dipole interactions, H bonding formation, and configurational and structural concern. Functional groups of the pure solvents and IL in solvents have been taken into consideration for spectroscopic analysis through the sh.
Volumetric, Acoustic and Conductometric Studies of Acetaminophen in Aqueous Ionic Liquid, 1 Octyl 3 methylimidazolium Bromide at T 293.15 308.15 K

The density (d) speed of sound (u) and electrolytic conductivity (L) for systems containing acetaminophen, ionic liquid {1 octyl 3 methyl imidazolium bromide, [OMIm] Br} and water have been measured at T 293.15 308.15 K. The measured data have been applied to calculate, standard partial molar volume Hepler's constant apparent molar isentropic compressibility (Kph) transfer volume transfer compressibility and hydration number (nH) and used to discuss various solute solvent interactions. The transfer quantities are positive and increase with molalities of ionic liquid and decrease with temperature, indicating the dominance of hydrophilic hydrophilic interactions between the ionic liquid and acetaminophen, and dehydration effect of ionic liquid on the solutions. The limiting molar conductivities and ion association constants (Ka) for [OMIm]Br in aqueous acetaminophen solutions have been estimated using low concentration Chemical Model (lcCM) The Ka values were also used to obtain the thermodynamic functions of association process. Thermodynamic results show that the formation process of ion association of the ionic liquid has endothermic nature and is driven by the change in entropy.
Different lessons For Europe from American financial history a counterpoint to Mr. Gaspar*

Sovereign debt restructuring played a key role in placing the US federal government on a sound financial footing under its new Constitution in 1789. State governments in the US, like national governments in the euro area, do not have bankruptcy protection. US state governments have not defaulted since the Great Depression, owing to a credible no bailout policy by the federal government coupled with fiscal rules and an effective signalling of default risk by private markets. At the municipal level in the US, bankruptcy protections apply and recent default experience is very low. With permanent sovereign bailout mechanisms in place in the euro area, sovereign bankruptcy provisions might lessen officially induced moral hazard, allowing market discipline to function more effectively with respect to euro area countries than previously.
Lessons for the euro from early US monetary and financial history

Watch Jeffry Frieden's lecture delivered at Bruegel on 25 May 2016. Europe's central goal for several decades has been to create an economic union that can provide monetary and financial stability. This goal is often compared to the long standing monetary union that is the United States. Easy celebration of the successful American union ignores the fact that it took an extremely long time to accomplish. In fact, the creation and completion of the US monetary and financial union was a long, laborious, and politically conflictual process.