nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
BEYOND THE RHETORIC: A NEW LOOK AT PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURAL ADDRESSES

On January 20, 1977 James Earl "Jim my" Carter, Jr. was sworn in as the cur rent President of the United States. As has been the custom with every newly in augurated chief executive since George Washington, President Carter opened his tenure of office by delivering a speech. And as has been the usual reaction of most observers of these inaugural ad dresses since 1789, Fort Worth Star Telegram writer Ron Hutcheson down graded the new chief executive's remarks in a column published two days later en titled: "Carter's inaugural talk has mediocre company." The two exceptions which Hutcheson cited to this negative assessment were the 1933 address of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the 1961 one of John F. Kennedy. Hutcheson's thesis is hardly unique; a search of the newspaper and magazine morgues of America would bring to light hundreds of similar essays. Nevertheless, his negative assessment needs to be tested by the historical record, and this essay has been written for that purpose. The widespread sentiment that Presi dential inaugural talks are mostly vapid rhetoric has been accompanied over the years by the view that political platforms usually consist of meaningless promises, which will be inevitably broken. These documents have been heaped with con tempt and neglect by the general public as well as by journalists, and even by politi cians themselves. In contrast, this author has attempted to demonstrate at length in his book A GUIDE TO POLITICAL PLATFORMS1 that a systematic analysis of the ideological content of political plat forms throws considerable light on the evolution of the political process in the United States. He likewise is of the opin ion that something valuable is to be gained from a similar examination of Presidential inaugural addresses. Al though other writers in the past may have penned essays which focus on the latter, no scholar has ever analyzed Presidential inaugural talks in the context of political platforms. In recent years two books have ap peared in print which contain every Presidential inaugural address delivered to date. One of these volumes does in clude annotations, but no systematic analysis;2 the other is prefaced by an in troduction, but Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. disposes of his topic in a mere four pages.3 Schlesinger, who regards only five to nine inaugural speeches as truly memo rable, nevertheless discerns a common theme in all of them, first announced in George Washington's first inaugural: " the preservation of the sacred fire of liber ty and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly considered, per haps, as deeply, as finally staked on the experiment intrusted to the hands of the American people."4 Viewed against this backdrop, Schlesinger finds a growing preoccupation with global affairs in these inaugural talks, along with an increasing pessimism due to the problems resulting from the rise of industrialism, the absorp tion of minorities, and various other domestic concerns.
Modelling Valence and Arousal in Facebook posts
Venue: WASSA@NAACL HLT

Access to expressions of subjective personal posts increased with the popularity of Social Media. However, most of the work in sentiment analysis focuses on predicting only valence from text and usually targeted at a product, rather than affective states. In this paper, we introduce a new data set of 2895 Social Media posts rated by two psychologicallytrained annotators on two separate ordinal nine point scales. These scales represent valence (or sentiment) and arousal (or intensity) which defines each post's position on the circumplex model of affect, a well established system for describing emotional states (Russell, 1980; Posner et al. 2005) The data set is used to train prediction models for each of the two dimensions from text which achieve high predictive accuracy correlated at r .65 with valence and r .85 with arousal annotations. Our data set offers a building block to a deeper study of personal affect as expressed in social media. This can be used in applications such as mental illness detection or in automated large scale psychological studies.
School Bullies' Intention to Change Behavior Following Teacher Interventions: Effects of Empathy Arousal, Condemning of Bullying, and Blaming of the Perpetrator
Venue: Prevention Science

This study examines how bullies' perceptions of how they were treated by a teacher (or other school personnel) during discussions aimed at putting an end to bullying influenced their intention to change their behavior. After each discussion, which took place as part of the implementation of an anti bullying program, bullies anonymously reported the extent to which they felt that the teacher aroused their empathy for the victim, condemned their behavior, or blamed them. Half of the schools implementing the program were instructed to handle these discussions in a confrontational way telling the bully that his behavior is not tolerated while the other half were instructed to use a non confronting approach. Schools were randomly assigned to one of the two approaches. A total of 341 cases (188 in primary and 153 in secondary schools) handled in 28 Finnish schools were analyzed. Regression analyses showed that attempts at making bullies feel empathy for the victim and condemning their behavior both increased bullies' intention to stop. Blaming the bully had no significant effect. Bullies' intention to change was the lowest when both empathy arousal and condemning behavior were low. The effects of empathy arousal were stronger when condemning the behavior was low (and vice versa) suggesting that teachers tackling bullying should make sure to use at least one of these strategies. When choosing not to raise the child's empathy, clear reprobation of the behavior is key.
Large Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networks
Venue: ICML

Cross entropy loss together with softmax is arguably one of the most common used supervision components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) Despite its simplicity, popularity and excellent performance, the component does not explicitly encourage discriminative learning of features. In this paper, we propose a generalized large margin softmax (L Softmax) loss which explicitly encourages intra class compactness and inter class separability between learned features. Moreover, L Softmax not only can adjust the desired margin but also can avoid overfitting. We also show that the L Softmax loss can be optimized by typical stochastic gradient descent. Extensive experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate that the deeply learned features with L softmax loss become more discriminative, hence significantly boosting the performance on a variety of visual classification and verification tasks.
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Five Quercus Species
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

Quercus is considered economically and ecologically one of the most important genera in the Northern Hemisphere. Oaks are taxonomically perplexing because of shared interspecific morphological traits and intraspecific morphological variation, which are mainly attributed to hybridization. Universal plastid markers cannot provide a sufficient number of variable sites to explore the phylogeny of this genus, and chloroplast genome scale data have proven to be useful in resolving intractable phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of four Quercus species were sequenced, and one published chloroplast genome of Quercus baronii was retrieved for comparative analyses. The five chloroplast genomes ranged from 161,072 bp (Q. baronii) to 161,237 bp (Q. dolicholepis) in length, and their gene organization and order, and GC content, were similar to those of other Fagaceae species. We analyzed nucleotide substitutions, indels, and repeats in the chloroplast genomes, and found 19 relatively highly variable regions that will potentially provide plastid markers for further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies within Quercus. We observed that four genes (ndhA, ndhK, petA, and ycf1) were subject to positive selection. The phylogenetic relationships of the Quercus species inferred from the chloroplast genomes obtained moderate to high support, indicating that chloroplast genome data may be useful in resolving relationships in this genus.
Plastome data reveal multiple geographic origins of Quercus Group Ilex
Venue: PeerJ

Nucleotide sequences from the plastome are currently the main source for assessing taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships in flowering plants and their historical biogeography at all hierarchical levels. One major exception is the large and economically important genus Quercus (oaks) Whereas differentiation patterns of the nuclear genome are in agreement with morphology and the fossil record, diversity patterns in the plastome are at odds with established taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships. However, the extent and evolutionary implications of this incongruence has yet to be fully uncovered. The DNA sequence divergence of four Euro Mediterranean Group Ilex oak species (Quercus ilex L. Q. coccifera L. Q. aucheri Jaub. Spach. Q. alnifolia Poech. was explored at three chloroplast markers (rbcL, trnK/matK, trnH psbA) Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed including worldwide members of additional 55 species representing all Quercus subgeneric groups. Family and order sequence data were harvested from gene banks to better frame the observed divergence in larger taxonomic contexts. We found a strong geographic sorting in the focal group and the genus in general that is entirely decoupled from species boundaries. High plastid divergence in members of Quercus Group Ilex, including haplotypes shared with related, but long isolated oak lineages, point towards multiple geographic origins of this group of oaks. The results suggest that incomplete lineage sorting and repeated phases of asymmetrical introgression among ancestral lineages of Group Ilex and two other main Groups of Eurasian oaks (Cyclobalanopsis and Cerris) caused this complex pattern. Comparison with the current phylogenetic synthesis also suggests an initial high versus mid latitude biogeographic split within Quercus. High plastome plasticity of Group Ilex reflects geographic area disruptions, possibly linked with high tectonic activity of past and modern distribution ranges, that did not leave imprints in the nuclear genome of modern species and infrageneric lineages.
A New Age for Quercus spp. Fruits: Review on Nutritional and Phytochemical Composition and Related Biological Activities of Acorns.
Venue: Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety

The current global food system must adapt to the expected growth of world population (about 9 billion individuals by 2050) This adaptation will probably include an increased consumption of edible wild foods, due to their richness in micronutrients and bioactive compounds, besides providing a cost effective and sustainable way of improving caloric food security. A striking example of such natural matrices is the Quercus genus, which has the additional advantage of being widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In a traditional sense, Quercus fruits (acorns) were mainly used in animal feeding, despite their potentially important role on the rural economy. But this preconception is changing. In fact, their nutritional value, high contents in phytochemical compounds, biological activity (such as antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and cardioprotective properties) and use in the treatment of specific diseases (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, or Alzheimer's disease) have raised the interest in integrating acorns into the human diet. Accordingly, this comprehensive overview was designed to provide an evidence based review of the literature, with the objective to achieve useful conclusions regarding the nutritional properties, methodologies of extraction, identification, and characterization of a wide variety of bioactive compounds and scientifically validated bioactivities in Quercus species worldwide. The industrial by products from acorn oil extraction or flour production are also included. Data regarding the analytical techniques, individual compounds, and their bioactivities, are organized in tables. The reported data are discussed and directions for further investigations are suggested, highlighting the use of acorns in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.
Geoparsing history: Locating commodities in ten million pages of nineteenth century sources

In the Trading Consequences project, historians, computational linguists, and computer scientists collaborated to develop a text mining system that extracts information from a vast amount of digitized published English language sources from the "long nineteenth century" (1789 to 1914) The project focused on identifying relationships within the texts between commodities, geographical locations, and dates. The authors explain the methodology, uses, and the limitations of applying digital humanities techniques to historical research, and they argue that interdisciplinary approaches are critically important in addressing the technical challenges that arise. Collaborative teamwork of the kind described here has considerable potential to produce further advances in the large scale analysis of historical documents.
Local Subversions of Colonial Cultures: Commodities and Anti Commodities in Global History

This book brings together original, state of the art historical research from several continents and examines how mainly local peasant societies responded to colonial pressures to produce a range of different commodities. It shows how they were able to subvert these processes and establish viable alternative livelihoods. In particular, it introduces the fresh concept of the 'anti commodity' to indicate local, sustainable forms of production steeped in values other than simply economic ones. The book will appeal to readers eager to find out more about the histories of some familiar items of everyday consumption such as rice, cotton, sugar and tobacco, as well as to those with a keen interest in the histories of African, Asian and Caribbean societies. Finally, it offers new directions in both historical and contemporary research on the continents beyond Europe.
SURVEY ON WEB MINING AND ITS USAGE IN E COMMERCE SITES PATTERN DISCOVERY, ISSUES AND APPLICATIONS

The World Wide Web is the key source of data. It is the hub of data and it is growing day by day and every company is now having its own website. Online transactions trend is also growing very fast. So World Wide Web is the best field for data mining. E commerce has provided a very effective and cost efficient way of doing business. We can use web mining techniques to extract useful information from the web sites and also we can discover interesting user behavior patterns from the Ecommerce websites. This paper gives the general over view of the web mining and its types and then it discuss the different techniques for pattern discovery. Then this paper gives the general overview of the very famous algorithm Link Analysis Algorithm for Web Mining. And at the end this paper discusses some of the issues of web mining in e commerce and application of web mining in e commerce.
Using Design Thinking to Improve Psychological Interventions: The Case of the Growth Mindset During the Transition to High School.
Venue: Journal of educational psychology

There are many promising psychological interventions on the horizon, but there is no clear methodology for preparing them to be scaled up. Drawing on design thinking, the present research formalizes a methodology for redesigning and tailoring initial interventions. We test the methodology using the case of fixed versus growth mindsets during the transition to high school. Qualitative inquiry and rapid, iterative, randomized "A/B" experiments were conducted with ~3,000 participants to inform intervention revisions for this population. Next, two experimental evaluations showed that the revised growth mindset intervention was an improvement over previous versions in terms of short term proxy outcomes (Study 1, N=7,501) and it improved 9th grade core course GPA and reduced D/F GPAs for lower achieving students when delivered via the Internet under routine conditions with ~95% of students at 10 schools (Study 2, N=3,676) Although the intervention could still be improved even further, the current research provides a model for how to improve and scale interventions that begin to address pressing educational problems. It also provides insight into how to teach a growth mindset more effectively.
Growth mindset tempers the effects of poverty on academic achievement
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

This study is the first, to our knowledge, to show that a growth mindset (the belief that intelligence is not fixed and can be developed) reliably predicts achievement across a national sample of students, including virtually all of the schools and socioeconomic strata in Chile. It also explores the relationship between income and mindset for the first time, to our knowledge, finding that students from lower income families were less likely to hold a growth mindset than their wealthier peers but that those who did hold a growth mindset were appreciably buffered against the deleterious effects of poverty on achievement. These results suggest that mindsets may be one mechanism through which economic disadvantage can affect achievement. Two largely separate bodies of empirical research have shown that academic achievement is influenced by structural factors, such as socioeconomic background, and psychological factors, such as students' beliefs about their abilities. In this research, we use a nationwide sample of high school students from Chile to investigate how these factors interact on a systemic level. Confirming prior research, we find that family income is a strong predictor of achievement. Extending prior research, we find that a growth mindset (the belief that intelligence is not fixed and can be developed) is a comparably strong predictor of achievement and that it exhibits a positive relationship with achievement across all of the socioeconomic strata in the country. Furthermore, we find that students from lower income families were less likely to hold a growth mindset than their wealthier peers, but those who did hold a growth mindset were appreciably buffered against the deleterious effects of poverty on achievement: students in the lowest 10th percentile of family income who exhibited a growth mindset showed academic performance as high as that of fixed mindset students from the 80th income percentile. These results suggest that students' mindsets may temper or exacerbate the effects of economic disadvantage on a systemic level.
An analysis of factors enhancing adoption of smart metering platforms: An agent based modeling approach
Venue: 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)

In the paper the agent based model has been used to show what internal and external factors enhance the adoption of smart metering (SM) platforms devices accompanying installation of smart meters at households. Within this modelling approach the concept of reservation prices has been implemented. The model shows how individual evaluation of the non financial cost benefit analysis, word of mouth (WOM) and mass media advertisement influence the opinion formation of the agents and their further behaviors towards using of SM platforms. These findings can be valuable for the distributers of SM platforms as well as other enabling technologies.
An Assessment of the Maintenance Management Effectiveness of Public Hospital Building Through Key Performance Indicators

The importance of the facility maintenance management in the public hospital building has increased rapidly as many organisations aim to become world class. Maintenance management in hospital buildings recognized as a part of sustainability aspects in reaching optimum performances during at peak efficiency. Maintenance problem not only burden government and consumer but it also gives negative perception among foreigner that are made up investors and tourist from overseas, towards public of maintenance culture in this country. Therefore, aim of this study is to determine the key performance indicator (KPI) to seek the best strategy in maintenance management. A total of 32 questionnaires were distributed to maintenance manager. This survey covered 32 public hospitals including public hospitals in Northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Majority of the respondent agrees that all the elements stated as a key performance indicators to maintenance management effectiveness. Ten factors were categorized as a key performance indicator to measure the effectiveness of maintenance management in the public hospital building. Result shows that monitoring and supervision, task planning and scheduling and computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) as a strong factors thus prove that maintenance manager as an important person and responsible to ensure the maintenance services operate with optimum performances. On the other hand, human resource management plays an important role to assist the maintenance team to achieving the objective and policy. Therefore, this discovery can evaluate implementation policy to increase further effectiveness of maintenance management level to any public hospital building.
The antecedents of customer loyalty: A moderated mediation model of customer relationship management quality and brand image

This study examines the mediating role of customer relationship management (CRM) quality to better explain the effects of service evaluation variables (service quality, customer satisfaction and customer value) on customer loyalty. The study also investigates the moderating effect of brand image on these mediated relationships. The mediating role of CRM quality on the relationship between the service evaluation variables and customer loyalty is supported. Further, it is found that the indirect effect of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty via CRM quality is stronger when perceived brand image is high than when it is low. The results have implications for relationship managers, brand managers and scholars who use service evaluation and relational metrics to predict customer loyalty.
Customer relationship management mechanisms: A systematic review of the state of the art literature and recommendations for future research
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

In the information systems, customer relationship management (CRM) is the overall process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction with the goal of improving the business relationships with customers. Also, it is the strongest and the most efficient approach to maintaining and creating the relationships with customers. However, to the best of our knowledge and despite its importance, there is not any comprehensive and systematic study about reviewing and analyzing its important techniques. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive study and survey on the state of the art mechanisms in the scope of the CRM are done. It follows this goal by looking at five categories in which CRM plays a significant role: E CRM, knowledge management, data mining, data quality and, social CRM. In each category, a couple of studies are presented and determinants of CRM are described and discussed. The major development in these five categories is reviewed and the new challenges are outlined. Also, a systematic literature review (SLR) in each of these five categories is provided. Furthermore, insights into the identification of open issues and guidelines for future research are provided. Providing a systematic overview of the existing techniques in the field of CRM.Highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the existing techniques in the field of CRM.Exploring some of the main challenges in the field of CRM.Dividing the CRM techniques into five categories.Outlining the key areas where future research can improve the use of CRM.