nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF SELECTED BEHAVIOURAL BIAS FACTORS ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF EQUITY INVESTORS

Behavioural finance is a new discipline in finance, which studies the cognitive psychology of an individual's money related decisions. It has evolved as a response to standard economic theory, which presumes that people are rational, risk averse and profit maximisers. This concept of the rational individual formed the base for numerous theories about the capital markets. But the reality is that all individuals are far less rational in their decision making than the economic theory takes over. Individual's investment decisions is a complex procedure which controls logic, abstract thought and planning qualities. Based on the influence of these attributes, individual's investment decisions are emotional, fast and automatic. This study is intended to find out the impact of behavioural bias factors on investment decision of equity investors. Retail investors who access the Indian equity market from the Tamil Nadu state are taken as respondents for this survey. By utilizing the broad critique of literature, six behavioural bias factors are identified to find out its impact on investors' investment decisions. They are mood, emotions, heuristics, frames, personality and gambling. This study also examines the relationship among these behavioural bias factors. Descriptive research is utilized to identify the factors that influence investors' investment decisions. This research involves the use of both secondary and primary data. The secondary data includes the selection of broking firm and primary source of data is collected by using well structured and non disguised questionnaire. The multistage random sampling technique is applied to select respondents. The data are collected from the retail investors who access Indian equity market from the chosen area of Tamil Nadu. Cronbach's alpha is used to find out the reliability of the constructs. The findings of the Cronbach's alpha test reveal that the reliability of the study variables is greater than the threshold value of 0.6. Besides, Composite Reliability of all the variables is larger than the reference value of 0.6. The gathered data are analyzed quantitatively by using several statistical tools. Conceptual Model is developed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) The findings of this study reveal that all the selected behavioural bias factors have shown significant influence of investors' investment decisions. The result of the impact of interdependence among the behavioural bias factors reveals that, except mood factor, all the factors have shown a strong relationship with other factors.
Behavioural Biases in Investment Decisions:An Exploration of the Role of Gender

Classical finance theories are based on the assumption of rational decision making. However, it has been concluded by various researchers that in practical situations, humans are not fully rational. They are influenced by various behavioural factors and errors in judgment while making decisions. These behavioural factors, also termed as cognitive illusions, cannot be adequately explained by traditional finance theories. This research work sought to assess the impact of gender on certain identified behavioural factors (or biases) such as overconfidence bias, reference point bias, self attribution bias, framing effect bias, overreaction bias, and regret avoidance bias in investment decision making of individual investors. A sample survey of 521 individual investors was conducted through a structured questionnaire in the National Capital Region of India. The results of detailed investigation of collected data revealed clearly that individuals' investment decisions are not fully rational. Investors were found to be prone towards behavioural biases tested in this study. However, mix evidence was found in the study about variation in the propensity to exhibit these behavioural biases between male and female investors. Gender effect was found to be statistically significant in case of overconfidence bias, self attribution bias, and regret avoidance bias.
The Effect of Multiple Grammatical Errors on Processing Non Native Writing
Venue: BEA@NAACL HLT

In this work, we estimate the deterioration of NLP processing given an estimate of the amount and nature of grammatical errors in a text. From a corpus of essays written by English language learners, we extract ungrammatical sentences, controlling the number and types of errors in each sentence. We focus on six categories of errors that are commonly made by English language learners, and consider sentences containing one or more of these errors. To evaluate the effect of grammatical errors, we measure the deterioration of ungrammatical dependency parses using the labeled F score, an adaptation of the labeled attachment score. We find notable differences between the influence of individual error types on the dependency parse, as well as interactions between multiple errors.
Developing learner corpus annotation for Chinese grammatical errors
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP)

This study describes the construction of the TOCFL (Test Of Chinese as a Foreign Language) learner corpus, including the collection and grammatical error annotation of 2,837 essays written by Chinese language learners originating from a total of 46 different mother tongue languages. We propose hierarchical tagging sets to manually annotate grammatical errors, resulting in 33,835 inappropriate usages. Our built corpus has been provided for the shared tasks on Chinese grammatical error diagnosis. These demonstrate the usability of our learner corpus annotation.
Searching for differences and discovering similarities: Why international and resident second language learners' grammatical errors cannot serve as a proxy for placement into writing courses

Recent research has drawn attention to differences in the writing produced by international second language writers and U.S. resident second language writers, with implications for placement into college writing courses. Initially designed to complement the literature through the discovery of different types of grammatical errors in the writing produced by these two groups of learners, the current study instead challenges previous research by noting how similar the two groups' grammatical errors are when examined in detail. Findings suggest that when groups are controlled for writing proficiency and first language, noticeable differences across the groups diminish. The study's findings call into question placement decisions for resident second language writers, as well as the value of relying on differences in grammatical errors to distinguish the two groups. Findings can assist writing program administrators, placement test administrators, and writing instructors who need to accommodate both international and resident second language learners.
Social and business entrepreneurship as career options for university students in the United Arab Emirates: The drive preparedness gap

With limited employment opportunities, entrepreneurship is becoming a viable option to combat unemployment. This study explores undergraduate students' attitudes towards business and social entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) assuming that the lack of awareness among students regarding social entrepreneurship and the lack of education opportunities in this particular field are unfavourably affecting their attitudes towards these areas. A survey of 1,080 students attending different disciplines in 14 UAE public and private universities reveals a gap between entrepreneurial desire and preparedness. About 38 and 23.3% expressed an interest in becoming entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurs, respectively. Despite this level of interest, the limited access to social entrepreneurship education, training and experience leads to a drive preparedness gap that must be reduced in order to maximise the potential of the UAE's next generation. Integrating social entrepreneurship as part of the university entrepreneurship education programmes can ensure that the future business entrepreneurs are more socially conscious.
Challenges in the Detection of Working Memory and Attention Decrements among Overweight Adolescent Girls
Venue: Neuropsychobiology

The present study is unique in employing unusually difficult attention and working memory tasks to reveal subtle cognitive decrements among overweight/obese adolescents. It evaluated novel measures of background electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during one of the tasks and tested correlations of these and other measures with psychological and psychiatric predictors of obesity maintenance or progression.  Working memory and sustained attention tasks were presented to 158 female adolescents who were rated on dichotomous (body mass index percentile <85 vs. =85) and continuous (triceps skinfold thickness) measures of adiposity.  The results revealed a significant association between excess adiposity and performance errors during the working memory task. During the sustained attention task, overweight/obese adolescents exhibited more EEG frontal beta power as well as greater intraindividual variability in reaction time and beta power across task periods than their normal weight peers. Secondary analyses showed that frontal beta power during the sustained attention task was positively correlated with anxiety, panic, borderline personality features, drug abuse, and loss of control over food intake.  The findings suggest that working memory and sustained attention decrements do exist among overweight/obese adolescent girls. The reliable detection of the decrements may depend on the difficulty of the tasks as well as the manner in which performance and brain activity are measured. Future studies should examine the relevance of these decrements to dietary education efforts and treatment response.
Vitamin D status, body composition and glycemic control in Polish adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Venue: Minerva endocrinologica

High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has been recorded but data focused on the relationship between vitamin D, glycemic control and body composition is limited in T1DM patients. The study was aimed to investigate vitamin D status in T1DM patients and its association with body composition (fat and lean body mass) and clinical data.  The study group comprised of 100 adolescents (15.3+ 1.9 yrs; 54 girls) including 60 T1DM patients (15.1+ 1.9 yrs; 32 girls) and 40 controls (15.6+ 1.8 yrs; 20 girls) from Warsaw, Poland. Serum total 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and iPTH were measured by an ECLIA (Roche Diagnostics) Glycosylated hemoglobin HbA1c) serum calcium and inorganic phosphorous, and the use of dietary supplements were also assessed. DXA (GE Prodigy) was used to assess lean body mass (LBM; g) fat mass (FM; g) FM/LBM ratio, and respective Z scores.  Mean 25(OH)D level of 15.3+ 7.0 ng/mL (range 4.2 37.7 ng/mL) in T1DM was not different from that observed in controls (17.9+ 9.3 ng/mL; range 6.3 40.4 ng/mL) Eighty two percent of T1DM patients and 67% controls had 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL, among them 25% T1DM and 12.5% controls revealed values <10 ng/mL. 5% T1DM and 15% controls had 25(OH)D>30 ng/mL. 25% from T1DM and 22% from control groups declared to use vitamin D supplementation and had significantly higher 25(OH)D levels compared to non users (22.6+ 7.6 vs. 12.8+ 4.8 ng/mL in the T1DM; 26.9+ 11.5 vs. 15.3+ 6.8 ng/mL in controls, respectively) In the T1DM, low 25(OH)D levels negatively correlated with HbA1c (r= 0.320, P=0.013) and with iPTH (r= 0.434, P=0.001) 25(OH)D levels correlated negatively with Z scores for FM/LBM ratio (r= 0.324; P=0.012) and Z scores for FM (r= 0.229; P=0.079) and positively with LBM Z scores (r=0.300; P=0.020) Serum Ca, serum iPTH did not differ T1DM and control groups but serum P level was significantly higher in T1DM patients compared to controls (1.39+ 0.19 mmol/L vs. 1.18+ 0.18 mmol/L; P=0.001, respectively) CONCLUSIONS In T1DM adolescents vitamin D deficiency coincided with poor glycemic control and disturbed body composition. 25(OH)D levels were positively related to muscle stores and negatively with fat stores. Therefore, to limit a risk of disease related clinical complications both disturbed body composition and vitamin D deficiency should be corrected by implementation of regular vitamin D supplementation and increased intake of vitamin D rich foods, as well as increased outdoors activities.
TREC 2016 Total Recall Track Overview
Venue: TREC

The primary purpose of the Total Recall Track is to evaluate, through controlled simulation, methods designed to achieve very high recall as close as practicable to 100% with a human assessor in the loop. Motivating applications include, among others, electronic discovery in legal proceedings  systematic review in evidencebased medicine [6] and the creation of fully labeled test collections for information retrieval "IR" evaluation  A secondary, but no less important, purpose is to develop a sandboxed virtual test environment within which IR systems may be tested, while preventing the disclosure of sensitive test data to participants. At the same time, the test environment also operates as a "black box," affording participants confidence that their proprietary systems cannot easily be reverse engineered. The task to be solved in the Total Recall Track is the following:
Webis at TREC 2016: Tasks, Total Recall, and Open Search Tracks
Venue: TREC

We give a brief overview of the Webis group's participation in the TREC 2016 Tasks, Total Recall, and Open Search tracks. Our submissions to the Tasks track are similar to our last year's system. In the task understanding subtask of the Tasks track, we use different data sources (ClueWeb12 anchor texts, AOL query log, Wikidata, etc. and APIs (Google, Bing, etc. to retrieve suggestions related to a given query. For the task completion and ad hoc subtask, we combine the results of the Indri search engine for the different related queries identified in the task understanding subtask. Our system for the the Total Recall track also is similar to our last year's idea with some slight changes in the details; we employ a simple SVM baseline with variable batch sizes equipped with a keyqueries step to identify potentially relevant documents. In the Open Search track, we axiomatically re rank a BM25 ordered result list to come up with a final document ranking.
The University of Padua (IMS) at TREC 2016 Total Recall Track
Venue: TREC

The participation of the Information Management System (IMS) Group of the University of Padua in the Total Recall track at TREC 2016 consisted in a set of fully automated experiments based on the two dimensional probabilistic model. We trained the model in two ways that tried to mimic a real user, and we compared it to two versions of the BM25 model with different parameter settings. This initial set of experiments lays the ground for a wider study that will explore a gamification approach in the context of high recall situations.
TREC 2016 Total Recall Track
Venue: TREC

The e Discovery Team participated in the 2016 TREC Total Recall Track, Athome division, where thirty four prejudged topics were considered using 290,099 emails of former Florida  The Team participated in TREC 2016 primarily to test the effectiveness of the standard search methodology it uses commercially to search for relevant evidence in legal proceedings: Predictive Coding 4.0 Hybrid Multimodal IST. The Team's method uses a hybrid approach to continuous active learning with both manual searches and active machine learning based document ranking searches. This is a systematic process involving implementation of a variety of search functions by skilled searchers. The Team calls this type of search multimodal because all types of search methods are used. A single expert reviewer was used in each topic along with Kroll Ontrack's search and review software, eDiscovery.com Review (EDR) The Team classified 9,863,366 documents as either relevant or irrelevant in all 34 review projects. A total of 34,723 documents were correctly classified as Relevant, as per the Team's judgment and corrected standard. The 34,723 relevant documents were found by manual review of 6,957 documents, taking a total of 234.25 man hours. This represent an average project time of 6.89 hours per topic. The Team thus reviewed and classified documents at an average speed of 42,106 files per hour. The Team's attained an average 88% Recall score across all 34 topics using the corrected standard. The Team also attained F1 scores of greater than 90% in twelve topics, including two perfect scores of 100% F1.
"When to Stop" Waterloo (Cormack) Participation in the TREC 2016 Total Recall Track
Venue: TREC

In the course of developing tools for the 2015 Total Recal Track, Track Co Coordinators Gordon V. Cormack and Maura R. Grossman created an autonomous continuous active learning "CAL" system, which was provided to participants as the baseline model implementation "BMI" [http:/plg.uwaterloo.ca/~gvcormac/trecvm/ BMI employs the technology assisted review "TAR" approach described by Cormack and Grossman  the only difference is that BMI employs logistic regression implemented by Sofia ML [https:/code.google.com/p/sofia ml/ instead of SVMlight [http:/svmlight.joachims.org/ BMI was reprised, unchanged from TREC 2015, except for the addition of a default "call your shot" stopping rule indicating the system's estimate of the point at which a reasonable compromise between recall and effort had been achieved. The Waterloo (Cormack) team submitted runs using BMI for the "Athome" and "Sandbox" tasks. The only change that was made to BMI was to incorporate two different "call your shot" criteria that the authors had previously reported at SIGIR 2016
On some physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles in marine environment.
Venue: Marine pollution bulletin

Simplified physical models and geometrical considerations reveal general physical and dynamical properties of microplastic particles (0.5 5mm) of different density, shape and size in marine environment. Windage of extremely light foamed particles, surface area and fouling rate of slightly positively buoyant microplastic spheres, films and fibres and settling velocities of negatively buoyant particles are analysed. For the Baltic Sea dimensions and under the considered idealised external conditions, (i) only one day is required for a foamed polystyrene particle to cross the sea (ca. 250km) (ii) polyethylene fibres should spend about 6 8months in the euphotic zone before sinking due to bio fouling, whilst spherical particles can be retained on the surface up to 10 15years; (iii) for heavy microplastic particles, the time of settling through the water column in the central Gotland basin (ca. 250m) is less than 18h. Proper physical setting of the problem of microplastics transport and developing of physically based parameterisations are seen as applications.
Understanding Educational Success Among Latino/a English Language Learners: Factors Associated with High School Completion and Postsecondary School Attendance

As of 2014, 24 states require students to pass exit exams to graduate from high school. In California, all high school students are required to pass the California High School Exit Examination (CAHSEE) to earn a diploma. Failure to pass the CAHSEE is linked with school dropout, which is associated with many deleterious outcomes and disproportionately affects Latino/a youths. Among first generation Latino students, English language learners (ELL) may be especially at risk. The current study explored potential protective influences (e.g. academic expectations, school connectedness) on educational outcomes among 115 Latino/a ELL students at high academic risk. Logistic regressions and discriminant analyses were conducted, and results revealed that only socioeconomic status was significantly associated with school completion and that self expectation was the only variable significantly associated with postsecondary school attendance. Implications of these results and future directions are discussed.
Using Neural Network and Logistic Regression Analysis to Predict Prospective Mathematics Teachers' Academic Success upon Entering Graduate Education

The ability to predict the success of students when they enter a graduate program is critical for educational institutions because it allows them to develop strategic programs that will help improve students' performances during their stay at an institution. In this study, we present the results of an experimental comparison study of Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for predicting prospective mathematics teachers' academic success when they enter graduate education. A sample of 372 student profiles was used to train and test our model. The strength of the model can be measured through Logistic Regression Analysis (LRA) The average correct success rate of students for ANN was higher than LRA. The successful prediction rate of the back propagation neural network (BPNN, or a common type of ANN was 93.02% while the success of prediction of LRA was 90.75%
Role of interfacial damage modeling in finite element analysis of intermediate crack debonding failure of FRP plated reinforced concrete beams: A numerical investigation

This study presents a numerical investigation into the effects of interfacial damage on the bond behaviors of the interfaces between two adjacent cracks in a fiber reinforced polymer plated reinforced concrete beam. The interfaces investigated herein refer to both fiber reinforced polymer to concrete interface and steel to concrete bonded interface which were well represented in this study by a simplifying fiber reinforced polymer to concrete bonded joint or steel bar to concrete bonded jointed joint loaded at their two ends, aiming to simulating the interaction between two adjacent flexural cracks in the fiber reinforced polymer plated reinforced concrete beams. Parametric studies were carried out using nonlinear finite element model built in ABAQUS to investigate the effects of a number of significant factors such as bond length, ratio of loads applied at the two ends (i.e. load ratio) and types of bond slip models, with the main objective being to clarify the effect of interfacial damage (i.e. bondline damage) during slip reversals on the bond behaviors of the interfaces. The numerical results show that in finite element analysis of intermediate crack debonding of fiber reinforced polymer plated reinforced concrete beams where multiple cracks may exist, an appropriate consideration of the interfacial damage during slip reversals is necessary in order to achieve accurate predictions on the behavior of fiber reinforced polymer to concrete bonded interfaces, while for the steel bar to concrete interface, the consideration of the interfacial damage has insignificant effect on the numerical results if the yield strength and bar diameter are in their practical range.