nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Indoor Localization and Radio Map Estimation Using Unsupervised Manifold Alignment with Geometry Perturbation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing

The Received Signal Strength (RSS) based fingerprinting approaches for indoor localization pose a need for updating the fingerprint databases due to dynamic nature of the indoor environment. This process is hectic and time consuming when the size of the indoor area is large. The semi supervised approaches reduce this workload and achieve good accuracy around 15 percent of the fingerprinting load but the performance is severely degraded if it is reduced below this level. We propose an indoor localization framework that uses unsupervised manifold alignment. It requires only 1 percent of the fingerprinting load, some crowd sourced readings, and plan coordinates of the indoor area. The 1 percent fingerprinting load is used only in perturbing the local geometries of the plan coordinates. The proposed framework achieves less than 5 m mean localization error, which is considerably better than semi supervised approaches at very small amount of fingerprinting load. In addition, the few location estimations together with few fingerprints help to estimate the complete radio map of the indoor environment. The estimation of radio map does not demand extra workload rather it employs the already available information from the proposed indoor localization framework. The testing results for radio map estimation show almost 50 percent performance improvement by using this information as compared to using only fingerprints.
Identifying, Preventing, and Addressing Job Burnout and Vicarious Burnout for Social Work Professionals
Venue: Journal of evidence informed social work

Genuineness, concern for others, and empathy are characteristics used to describe the professional social worker. To this end, the social worker tirelessly works on behalf of and in collaboration with the client to move them from stagnant life situations into positive life situations. While the fundamental principles of social work are wonderful, the result for some workers is job burnout and/or vicarious trauma. The concepts of job burnout, its antecedents, and manifestations are thoroughly discussed in this article to provide a holistic overview of this phenomenon. The six antecedents: workload, control, values, fairness, reward, and community are discussed and linked to the manifestations of job burnout. When working with individuals who have been exposed to the depravity of life, the professional can take on the client's vulnerabilities, victimizations, and stress. The common term for this phenomenon is vicarious trauma. Professionals who work with trauma victims can often have issues in their personal and professional life as evidenced by reduced professional efficacy, increased emotional concerns, and physical concerns. The purpose of the author in this article is to provide an overview of job burnout, vicarious trauma, and a discussion about self care responsibilities.
EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNET DELIVERED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META ANALYSIS
Venue: Depression and anxiety

Internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is a relatively novel treatment method that may improve the accessibility of mental health care for individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) The aim of this meta analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of iCBT compared to inactive (waitlist control and treatment as usual (TAU) and active other interventions in reducing PTSD symptoms.
Conducting PANI stimulated ZnO system for visible light photocatalytic degradation of coloured dyes

In this report, the polyaniline (PANI)/ZnO nanocomposite system exhibits superior degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue under visible light condition, due to the intermolecular interaction between conducting PANI sponsoring more number of electrons to the conduction band of ZnO nanoparticles. The pure ZnO and the different mole ratios of PANI into ZnO catalysts were prepared by precipitation followed by sonication process. The bandgap of the nanocomposite system revealed in the red region was estimated by Tauc plot. The X ray diffraction results indicate that the high quantity of PANI into ZnO system reduces the crystallite size and also the crystallinity of the materials. On comparing with the other prepared materials, PZ1.5 illustrated higher degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue. The reason for high catalytic activity and their mechanism of visible light activities were discussed in this paper.
VBORNET gap analysis: Mosquito vector distribution models utilised to identify areas of potential species distribution in areas lacking records.

This is the first of a number of planned data papers presenting modelled vector distributions, the models in this paper were produced during the ECDC funded VBORNET project. This work continues under the VectorNet project now jointly funded by ECDC and EFSA. This data paper contains the sand fly model outputs produced as part of the VBORNET project. Further data papers will be published after sampling seasons when more field data will become available allowing further species to be modelled or validation and updates to existing models. The data package described here includes those sand fly species first modelled in 2013 and 2014 as part of the VBORNET gap analysis work which aimed to identify areas of potential species distribution in areas lacking records. It comprises four species models together with suitability masks based on land class and environmental limits. The species included within this paper are Phlebotomus ariasi, Phlebotomus papatasi, Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus tobbi. The known distributions of these species within the project area (Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, North Africa, and Eurasia) are currently incomplete to a greater or lesser degree. The models are designed to fill the gaps with predicted distributions, to provide a) assistance in targeting surveys to collect distribution data for those areas with no field validated information, and b) a first indication of project wide distributions.
Functions of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Development: Insights From Drosophila Models.
Venue: International review of cell and molecular biology

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are a class of carbohydrate modified proteins involved in key biological processes, including growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, and enzymatic catalysis. HSPGs serve as coreceptors for a number of ligand molecules to regulate their signaling and distribution. These HS dependent factors include fibroblast growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, Wnt related factors, hedgehog, and cytokines. Several classes of HSPGs are evolutionarily conserved from humans to the genetically tractable model organism Drosophila. Sophisticated molecular genetic tools available in Drosophila provide for a powerful system to address unanswered questions regarding in vivo functions of HSPGs. These studies have highlighted the functions of HSPGs in the regulation of significant developmental events, such as morphogen gradient formation, nervous system formation, and the stem cell niche. Drosophila genetics has also established HSPGs as key factors in feedback controls that ensure robustness in developmental systems.
Customer Supplier Relationships and Corporate Tax Avoidance

We investigate whether firms in close customer supplier relationships are better able to identify and implement tax avoidance strategies via supply chains. Consistent with our prediction, we find that both principal customers and their dependent suppliers avoid more taxes than other firms. Further analysis suggests that principal customers and dependent suppliers likely engage in tax strategies involving shifting profits to tax haven subsidiaries. Moreover, tax benefits appear to explain both principal customer firms' and dependent supplier firms' organizational decisions. Overall, our study provides evidence of the importance of tax avoidance as a source of gains from these relationships.
Does Tax Collection Invariance Hold? Evasion and the Pass Through of State Diesel Taxes

In simple models, the incidence of a tax is independent of the identity of the remitting party. We illustrate that this prediction fails to hold if opportunities for evasion differ across economic agents. Second, we estimate how the incidence of state diesel taxes varies with the point of collection, where the remitting party varies across states and over time. Moving tax collection upstream from retailers substantially raises the pass through of diesel taxes to consumers. Furthermore, tax revenues increase when collecting taxes from wholesalers rather than from retailers, suggesting that evasion is the likely explanation for the incidence result.
Combined Density, Texture and Shape Features of Multi phase Contrast Enhanced CT Images for CBIR of Focal Liver Lesions: A Preliminary Study

Recently, content based image retrieval (CBIR) in medical applications has attracted a lot of attentions. In this paper, we present a preliminary study on CBIR of focal liver lesions based on combined density, texture and shape features of multi phase contrast enhanced CT volumes. We improve the existing method from following two aspects: (1) in order to improve the retrieval accuracy, we propose a novel 3D shape feature for CBIR of liver lesions in addition to conventional density and texture features; (2) in order to reduce the computation time, we propose an improved local binary pattern, which is called imLBP, as the 3D texture feature. The effectiveness of our proposed method has been validated with real clinical datasets.
Quasi freestanding epitaxial silicene on Ag(111) by oxygen intercalation
Venue: Science Advances

Quasi freestanding silicene with massless Dirac fermion characteristics has been successfully obtained by oxygen intercalation. Silicene is a monolayer allotrope of silicon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure with massless Dirac fermion characteristics similar to graphene. It merits development of silicon based multifunctional nanoelectronic and spintronic devices operated at room temperature because of strong spin orbit coupling. Nevertheless, until now, silicene could only be epitaxially grown on conductive substrates. The strong silicene substrate interaction may depress its superior electronic properties. We report a quasi freestanding silicene layer that has been successfully obtained through oxidization of bilayer silicene on the Ag(111) surface. The oxygen atoms intercalate into the underlayer of silicene, resulting in isolation of the top layer of silicene from the substrate. In consequence, the top layer of silicene exhibits the signature of a 1 x 1 honeycomb lattice and hosts massless Dirac fermions because of much less interaction with the substrate. Furthermore, the oxidized silicon buffer layer is expected to serve as an ideal dielectric layer for electric gating in electronic devices. These findings are relevant for the future design and application of silicene based nanoelectronic and spintronic devices.
Exploring Ag(111) Substrate for Epitaxially Growing Monolayer Stanene: A First Principles Study
Venue: Scientific reports

Stanene, a two dimensional topological insulator composed of Sn atoms in a hexagonal lattice, is a promising contender to Si in nanoelectronics. Currently it is still a significant challenge to achieve large area, high quality monolayer stanene. We explore the potential of Ag(111) surface as an ideal substrate for the epitaxial growth of monolayer stanene. Using first principles calculations, we study the stability of the structure of stanene in different epitaxial relations with respect to Ag(111) surface, and also the diffusion behavior of Sn adatom on Ag(111) surface. Our study reveals that: (1) the hexagonal structure of stanene monolayer is well reserved on Ag(111) surface; (2) the height of epitaxial stanene monolayer is comparable to the step height of the substrate, enabling the growth to cross the surface step and achieve a large area stanene; (3) the perfect lattice structure of free standing stanene can be achieved once the epitaxial stanene monolayer is detached from Ag(111) surface; and finally (4) the diffusion barrier of Sn adatom on Ag(111) surface is found to be only 0.041 eV, allowing the epitaxial growth of stanene monolayer even at low temperatures. Our above revelations strongly suggest that Ag(111) surface is an ideal candidate for growing large area, high quality monolayer stanene.
The nucleation and growth of borophene on the Ag (111) surface
Venue: Nano Research

B sheets have been intently studied, and various candidates with vacancies have been reported in theoretical investigations, including their possible growth on metal surfaces. However, a recent experiment reported that the borophene formed on a Ag (111) surface consisted of a buckled triangular lattice without vacancies. Our calculations propose a novel nucleation mechanism of B clusters and emphasize the B Ag interaction in the growth process of borophene, demonstrating the structural evolution of triangular fragments with various profiles and vacancy distributions. Compared with the triangular lattice without vacancies, we have confirmed that the sheet energetically favored during the nucleation and growth is that containing 1/6 vacancies in a stripe pattern, whose scanning tunneling microscopy image is in better agreement with the experimental observation.
Les acquisitions de terres rurales par les cadres en Cote d'Ivoire premiers enseignements

En Afrique, la question fonciere est actuellement dominee par le theme des acquisitions de terre a grande echelle, mais la place des elites nationales dans cette dynamique reste peu traitee. Ce texte presente les premiers resultats d'une recherche sur les acquisitions marchandes de terres par les cadres en Cote d'Ivoire. Il montre que l'achat pour la realisation de plantations d'hevea domine et que les superficies concernees restent relativement limitees. Comme dans le cas de transactions entre villageois (generalement entre autochtones et migrants) les acquisitions foncieres impliquant des cadres restent marquees par un enchassement social. Ces premiers resultats conduisent a relativiser la specificite des transferts fonciers au benefice des cadres par rapport aux transferts n'impliquant que des villageois.
Learning to Compose Neural Networks for Question Answering
Venue: NAACL

We describe a question answering model that applies to both images and structured knowledge bases. The model uses natural language strings to automatically assemble neural networks from a collection of composable modules. Parameters for these modules are learned jointly with network assembly parameters via reinforcement learning, with only (world, question, answer) triples as supervision. Our approach, which we term a dynamic neural model network, achieves state of the art results on benchmark datasets in both visual and structured domains.
An efficient method for link prediction in weighted multiplex networks
Venue: Computational social networks

BackgroundA great variety of artificial and natural systems can be abstracted into a set of entities interacting with each other. Such abstractions can very well represent the underlying dynamics of the system when modeled as the network of vertices coupled by edges. Prediction of dynamics in these structures based on topological attribute or dependency relations is an important task. Link Prediction in such complex networks is regarded useful in almost all types of networks as it can be used to extract missing information, identify spurious interactions, and evaluate network evolving mechanisms. Various similarity and likelihood based indices have been employed to infer different topological and relation based information to form a link prediction algorithm. These algorithms, however, are too specific to the domain and do not encapsulate the generic nature of the real world information. In most natural and engineered systems, the entities are linked with multiple types of associations and relations which play a factor in the dynamics of the network. It forms multiple subsystems or multiple layers of networked information. These networks are regarded as Multiplex Networks.MethodsThis work presents an approach for link prediction in Multiplex networks where the associations are learned from the multiple layers of networks for link prediction purposes. Most of the real world networks are represented as weighted networks. Weight prediction coupled with Link Prediction can be of great use. Link scores are received using various similarity measures and used to predict weights. This work further proposes and testifies a strategy for weight prediction.Results and ConclusionsThis work successfully proposes an algorithm for Weight Prediction using Link similarity measures on multiplex networks. The predicted weights show very less deviation from their actual weights. In comparison to other indices, the proposed method has a far low error rate and outperforms them concerning the metric performance NRMSE.
Biochar induced N2O emission reductions after field incorporation in a loam soil

Biochar addition to soils is heralded to reduce N2O emissions, but still, the explanatory mechanisms have not been resolved. Moreover, it is uncertain whether N2O emission reductions would persist after prolonged biochar incorporation in the field. In this study, we incorporated four biochar types in a loam textured cropland field and intact soil cores were sampled to investigate the physical control of biochar on denitrification after 7 months. During a first incubation experiment, we measured N2O emissions from undisturbed and disturbed (i.e. sieved (2 mm) and grounded) soil cores. Both in the disturbed and undisturbed soil cores biochar at water filled pore space (WFPS) of 80% reduced the N2O emissions by 50 90% refuting the hypothesis that biochar exerts an indirect physical control over soil denitrification several months after incorporation. Secondly, we hypothesized that biochar creates denitrification 'hotspots' in soil, where complete reduction of N2O to N2 is promoted compared to non amended soil. In these hotspots biochar particles could act as microlocations with local anaerobic conditions and local higher pH, stimulating in this way complete denitrification. Via the acetylene inhibition method we did not observe a reduction in the N2O/(N2O N2) ratio, which could suggest that biochar did not promote the reduction of N2O to N2. Manipulations likely to promote labile C bioavailability, here either by glucose addition or by soil particulate OM disclosure after disruption of soil aggregates, resulted in the most prominent biochar induced N2O emission reductions.
Field application of pelletized biochar: Short term effect on the hydrological properties of a silty clay loam soil

The field application of pelletized biochar is seldom employed and its effect on soil hydrological behavior scarcely investigated. Biochar is usually added in powdered or granular form to improve the homogeneity of distribution, meanwhile favoring its interaction with soil matrix. In this paper we evaluated the possibility of applying pelletized biochar as soil conditioner during a single cropping season of a tomato cultivation. For that purpose, the water retention curves (WRCs) were determined three months after the addition of two differently pyrolysed biochars (B1 and B2) at the rate of 14 Mg ha 1, to a silty clay loam soil prone to compaction. Starting from the WRCs the pore size distribution was determined. The gravimetric water content at both field capacity (FC) and wilting point (WP) was also measured on biochar samples to assess their available water capacity (AWC) In both the treatments, soil bulk density (BD) was significantly lower compared to control (Co) apparently as direct consequence of the addition of low density pellets. Actually, excluding the intrinsic biochar porosity from soil bulk density calculation, BD values of the treated soils remain lower of around 10% over Co. Such findings suggest that a modification of soil structural characteristics might have been induced by pellet addition. Data of the SWRCs indicate a significant increase in transmission (500 50 mm) storage (50 0.5 mm) and AWC pores (30 0.2 mm) for the amended soils. The pyrolysis process seemed to differentiate the extent of direct biochar contribution expressed by AWC values The addition of pelletized biochar was able to enhance the soil water retention properties even in the short term, and such improvement might be correlated to both the inherent biochar retention capacity and to a more functional rearrangement of soil aggregates/particles with pellets.
Influence of EDTA and NTA on heavy metal extraction from sandy loam contaminated soils

In this study, Pb, Cd, and Zn as heavy metal compounds were extracted from the sandy loam soil; the soil was prepared synthetically inside the laboratory and also taken from the field by using EDTA and NTA as the chelating agents. By using EDTA 0.1 M to extract the contaminants from the synthetically contaminated soil with single metal concentration of 500 mg/kg, the efficiency of extracting Pb, Cd, and Zn in the first pore volume (PV) were found to be respectively 43.84% 20.6% and 43.7% the corresponding amounts after the third PV for the contaminants were 85.25% 83.2% and 69.7% respectively. The efficiency of NTA 0.1 M in extracting Pb, Cd, and Zn in the first PV was 8.3% 59.6% and 14.87% respectively; after the third PV, the corresponding efficiency reached to 21.8% 83.56% and 24.49% respectively, for the contaminants. At pH 4.5, the efficiency of extracting Pb, and Zn using EDTA and NTA were higher than other levels of pH; and also, the maximum Cd extraction was achieved in pH 7. Considering the samples taken from the field, the extraction efficiency of Pb, Cd, and Zn using EDTA 0.1 M after the fifth PV were 89.42% 64.21% and 63.5% respectively.
DeepSchema: Automatic Schema Acquisition from Wearable Sensor Data in Restaurant Situations
Venue: IJCAI

We explore the possibility of automatically constructing hierarchical schemas from low level sensory data. Here we suggest a hierarchical event network to build the hierarchical schemas and describe a novel machine learning method to learn the network from the data. The traditional methods for describing schemas define the primitives and the relationships between them in advance. Therefore it is difficult to adapt the constructed schemas in new situations. However, the proposed method constructs the schemas automatically from the data. Therefore, it has a novelty that the constructed schemas can be applied to new and unexpected situations flexibly. The key idea of constructing the hierarchical schema is selecting informative sensory data, integrating them sequentially and extracting high level information. For the experiments, we collected sensory data using multiple wearable devices in restaurant situations. The experimental results demonstrate the real hierarchical schemas, which are probabilistic scripts and action primitives, constructed from the methods. Also, we show the constructed schemas can be used to predict the corresponding event to the low level sensor data. Moreover, we show the prediction accuracy outperforms the conventional method significantly.