nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning from imbalanced data: open challenges and future directions
Venue: Progress in Artificial Intelligence

Despite more than two decades of continuous development learning from imbalanced data is still a focus of intense research. Starting as a problem of skewed distributions of binary tasks, this topic evolved way beyond this conception. With the expansion of machine learning and data mining, combined with the arrival of big data era, we have gained a deeper insight into the nature of imbalanced learning, while at the same time facing new emerging challenges. Data level and algorithm level methods are constantly being improved and hybrid approaches gain increasing popularity. Recent trends focus on analyzing not only the disproportion between classes, but also other difficulties embedded in the nature of data. New real life problems motivate researchers to focus on computationally efficient, adaptive and real time methods. This paper aims at discussing open issues and challenges that need to be addressed to further develop the field of imbalanced learning. Seven vital areas of research in this topic are identified, covering the full spectrum of learning from imbalanced data: classification, regression, clustering, data streams, big data analytics and applications, e.g. in social media and computer vision. This paper provides a discussion and suggestions concerning lines of future research for each of them.
Proof of the Broue Malle Rouquier Conjecture in Characteristic Zero (After I. Losev and I. Marin G. Pfeiffer)

We explain a proof of the Broue Malle Rouquier conjecture on Hecke algebras of complex reflection groups, stating that the Hecke algebra of a finite complex reflection group W is free of rank |W| over the algebra of parameters, over a field of characteristic zero. This is based on previous work of Losev, Marin Pfeiffer, and Rains and the author.
Understanding the regional process of energy transition in Marin County, California: Applying a Three Phase Model based on case studies from Germany

The transition from conventional energy sources toward a sustainably renewable energy based system is being discussed in many parts of the world, on regional and larger levels. This article aims to broaden the understanding of regional transition processes by exploring the case of Marin County in the United States. The article expands on the heuristic Three Phase Model of regional transition (3PM) which was grounded on three case studies in Germany. As such, we compare the Marin County case with the original three cases. We present results on how the transition toward a local, renewable energy based system emerged and developed in Marin County. Using the 3PM as a guideline, we also explore the differences and similarities to transition processes in the German cases. Although the wider institutional context is very different from Germany, the overall regional transition process in California was very similar in regards to the specific type and role of actors, their activities, the role of motives and artifacts. What differed most was that conflicts influencing process dynamics were much more evident in Marin County, especially the conflict with the incumbent utility and the conflict over localization of renewable energy production. We suggest adapting the 3PM according to these findings.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Professional Perceptions of Jury Decision making Research Practices.
Venue: Behavioral sciences the law

This article reports results from a survey measuring the acceptability of jury decision making research practices. Historically, there has been wide variability in the methodology used to conduct experimental jury decision making research. Samples can be drawn from different populations, the format of stimulus materials can vary, key elements of a trial, including jury instructions and deliberation, can be omitted, and different types of dependent measures can be used to assess decisions. The acceptability of evaluating different approaches for conducting research ultimately becomes a subjective process. The present study sought to identify professional standards regarding acceptable and unacceptable research practices by assessing the perceptions of individuals involved in conducting, reviewing, and publishing jury research. Overall, respondents (N 74) placed greater weight on internal rather than ecological validity, and rated the utilization of theory to guide research as the most important factor. The inclusion of jury instructions was rated as the most important specific trial element, while deliberations received the least support. The findings present a guide for researchers designing materials, provide a framework for objective evaluation of manuscripts based on professional standards, offer guidance to courts seeking to determine the general acceptance of jury decision making research methodologies, and create a foundation for the development of more standardized practices in the field.
What Is a "Good" Treatment Decision? Decisional Control, Knowledge, Treatment Decision Making, and Quality of Life in Men with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Venue: Medical decision making an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making

We explored whether active patient involvement in decision making and greater patient knowledge are associated with better treatment decision making experiences and better quality of life (QOL) among men with clinically localized prostate cancer. Localized prostate cancer treatment decision making is an advantageous model for studying patient treatment decision making dynamics because there are multiple treatment options and a lack of empirical evidence to recommend one over the other; consequently, it is recommended that patients be fully involved in making the decision.  Men with newly diagnosed clinically localized prostate cancer (N 1529) completed measures of decisional control, prostate cancer knowledge, and decision making experiences (decisional conflict and decision making satisfaction and difficulty) shortly after they made their treatment decision. Prostate cancer specific QOL was assessed at 6 months after treatment.  More active involvement in decision making and greater knowledge were associated with lower decisional conflict and higher decision making satisfaction but greater decision making difficulty. An interaction between decisional control and knowledge revealed that greater knowledge was only associated with greater difficulty for men actively involved in making the decision (67% of sample) Greater knowledge, but not decisional control, predicted better QOL 6 months after treatment.  Although men who are actively involved in decision making and more knowledgeable may make more informed decisions, they could benefit from decisional support (e.g. decision making aids, emotional support from providers, strategies for reducing emotional distress) to make the process easier. Men who were more knowledgeable about prostate cancer and treatment side effects at the time that they made their treatment decision may have appraised their QOL as higher because they had realistic expectations about side effects.
Identification, characterization and functional analysis of a chitin synthase gene in the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida (Hemiptera, Aphididae)
Venue: Insect molecular biology

Chitin synthase (CHS) is a crucial enzyme involved in the final step of the insect chitin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we cloned the full length cDNA sequence of a chitin synthase gene (TCiCHS) from the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida, an important citrus pest and the main vector of citrus tristeza virus worldwide. TCiCHS was expressed during the entire lifecycle and in all insect tissues examined. Expression was highest in first second instar nymphs, nymph adult transitions and in the abdomen (6.7 fold higher than head) Embryos had a higher expression level than the integument. Fourth instar nymphs were exposed to 5 and 500 mg/l concentrations of the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron (DFB) for 48 h and had the highest mortality at the 500 mg/l concentration. The mRNA expression levels of TCiCHS were significantly enhanced upon the exposure of nymphs to both low and high DFB concentrations. Silencing of TCiCHS occurred through plant mediated double stranded RNA (dsRNA) feeding. Most dsRNA fed nymphs were unable to moult to the next stage, and the expression of TCiCHS decreased 48% compared with controls. These results demonstrate that TCiCHS plays an important role in nymph to adult development, is possibly help identify molecular targets for To. citricida control.
Prominence measurement of total solar eclipse: March 9th 2016, Ternate, Indonesia

Prominence is a hot gas that consists of electrically charged particles, which is propelled outward Solar surface. It can happen when the activity of sunspot rising up. Ground based observation of prominence is rather difficult due to the brightness of the Sun, which it needs appropriate method. During total solar eclipse (TSE) prominence is easier to observe. In Ternate, Maluku islands (0deg4632.0"N 127deg2305.7"E) we observed solar prominence in visual and infrared spectra performed by using regular DSLR camera for visual wavelength and modified DSLR (IR cut filter removal) for infrared wavelength, respectively. Next, we calculated the length of prominence from TSE images, and found that the real minimum length of prominence in red is 1.05 times longer than green and blue ones. And, the real maximum length of prominence is 1.08 times longer than blue and 1.04 times longer than green. The intensity of red is brighter 1.37 times to green and 1.23 times to blue. The causes of the results due to the different temperatures of the prominences and the radiation from H alpha emission. We succeeded to observe directly the prominence with simple cameras and measured its length and brightness.
The Interactional Architecture Of The Language Classroom A Conversation Analysis Perspective

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Applying Conversation Analysis Methods to Online Talk: A Literature Review

While researchers have used conversation analysis (CA) methods to understand online talk since the 1990s, to date there has been no systematic review of these studies to better understand this methodological development. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of 89 peer reviewed journal articles reporting findings of empirical studies using CA to understand social interaction online. In this review, we describe who is conducting this type of research, the contexts in which CA has been used to make sense of text based online talk, and where such studies are being published. We also identify the "fundamental" conversational structures researchers are drawing upon in making sense of online talk as social interaction. Findings show that studies are using CA to understand "mundane" conversational contexts, as well as institutional talk from educational, counseling and workplace settings. The number of such studies are increasing and are being conducted by an international network of researchers across a variety of disciplines. The data is most often described as synchronous or asynchronous, with a slow increase in attention to social media data. Publication outlets are mostly language based and/methodological journals. Analysis revealed four main aims: (1) comparing online and face to face talk, (2) understanding how coherence is maintained, (3) understanding how participants deal with trouble, and (4) understanding how social actions are accomplished asynchronously. This review contributes to the overall understanding of the methodological development of CA, offering useful insights for those interested in using it to understand social interaction as it occurs online.
The relationship between line bisection performance and emotion processing: Where do you draw the line?
Venue: Laterality

A recent study demonstrated that higher accuracy on a line bisection task related to greater ratings of evocative impact from paintings. The authors suggested that line bisection accuracy may act as a "barometer" for both visuospatial and emotion processing, likely as a function of overlapping neural correlates in the right temporoparietal region. We suggest and test an alternative explanation: that visuospatial bias interacted with asymmetries in the paintings and the rating scales to produce the apparent relationship between emotion and visuospatial functions. In the present study, using both visual analogue and numeric rating scales, the relationship between line bisection performance and ratings of paintings (evocative impact, aesthetics, novelty, technique, and closure) was examined in a young adult sample. We demonstrate that left hand line bisection bias direction, not line bisection accuracy, is related to most ratings, and that line bisection bias interacts with stimulus orientation (non mirrored/mirrored) and rating scale direction (ascending/descending) in such a way that can explain the results of the previous study. We conclude that the line bisection task appears to be a sensitive measure of visuospatial attentional biases, which can influence ratings of asymmetrical paintings, and may affect how individuals perceive stimuli in their environment.
What's in a line? Verbal, facial, and emotional influences on the line bisection task
Venue: Laterality

In Bryden and MacRae's (1988) Dichotic laterality effects obtained with emotional words. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 1(3) 171 176] dichotic listening task, attending to verbal (left hemisphere) or emotional (right hemisphere) auditory stimuli can result in opposite patterns of behaviour. We examined whether performance on the line bisection task might also be influenced in opposite ways by left and right lateralized functions. The line bisection task is a simple and effective measure of visuospatial bias. Pseudoneglect, a leftward bias, is typically found on this task, and appears to result from right hemisphere dominance for spatial processing. We investigated how emotion, verbal, and facial processing impacted line bisection performance, while also examining the influence of hand use. Line type (face, word, and solid) valence (positive, negative, and neutral) and hand use (left, right, and both) were manipulated. Results indicated that face and word lines decreased and increased the extent of pseudoneglect, respectively, and that valence accentuated these results. These results were in the opposite direction from our predictions. Hand use had little influence. We discuss the impact that visual scanning, and local and global processing, may have had on line bisection performance. Until future research clarifies how lateralized functions affect line bisections, we suggest caution in adapting the line bisection task as a general measure of relative hemispheric activation.
Music induced changes in functional cerebral asymmetries
Venue: Brain and Cognition

After decades of research, it remains unclear whether emotion lateralization occurs because one hemisphere is dominant for processing the emotional content of the stimuli, or whether emotional stimuli activate lateralised networks associated with the subjective emotional experience. By using emotion induction procedures, we investigated the effect of listening to happy and sad music on three well established lateralization tasks. In a prestudy, Mozart's piano sonata (K. 448) and Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata were rated as the most happy and sad excerpts, respectively. Participants listened to either one emotional excerpt, or sat in silence before completing an emotional chimeric faces task (Experiment 1) visual line bisection task (Experiment 2) and a dichotic listening task (Experiment 3 and 4) Listening to happy music resulted in a reduced right hemispheric bias in facial emotion recognition (Experiment 1) and visuospatial attention (Experiment 2) and increased left hemispheric bias in language lateralization (Experiments 3 and 4) Although Experiments 1 3 revealed an increased positive emotional state after listening to happy music, mediation analyses revealed that the effect on hemispheric asymmetries was not mediated by music induced emotional changes. The direct effect of music listening on lateralization was investigated in Experiment 4 in which tempo of the happy excerpt was manipulated by controlling for other acoustic features. However, the results of Experiment 4 made it rather unlikely that tempo is the critical cue accounting for the effects. We conclude that listening to music can affect functional cerebral asymmetries in well established emotional and cognitive laterality tasks, independent of music induced changes in the emotion state.
Multiple Structural Damage Detection using Measured Frequency Response Function

Structural damage detection has been under attention since unknown damages make major hazard and case human losses. Researches in this field of study have been increased in the last few years. In this paper, a new method of damage detection in continues structures is presented. The proposed method is based on Frequency Response Function (FRF) Combination of measured FRF in a simple manner and using graphical diagrams make the user find the exact location of damaged element(s) According to finite element modeling of structures, a cantilever beam was modeled and the performance of the proposed method was checked. Decreasing the number of sensors and using rotational FRFs are the main advantages of the proposed method. Considering noise polluted data confirmed that this method can be used for practical purposes. In fact, using noise polluted data up to 5% doesn't have major effect on the results. The best excitation frequency of applied load is also studied in this research
Bayesian Approach for Multi Sensor Data Fusion Based on Compressed Sensing for Wireless Structural Damage Signal

To meet the requirements of data compression and data fusion in structural health monitoring (SHM) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) this paper proposes a novel method of multi sensor data fusion based on compressed sensing (CS) for wireless structural damage signal, which can realize data fusion and reconstruct sparse signals. First, the damage signals of aviation aluminum plate are measured onto the linear measurement data through inner products with random Gaussian matrix. Next, data fusion of measurement data is realized by the Bayesian algorithm. Finally, the damage signals can be reconstructed by the CS method. The experiment results show that, compared with the existing methods, the proposed approach can save the network bandwidth and energy according to a good data fusion performance, anti noise property and a better data compression effect. The proposed approach can also realize the damage identification accurately on the aviation aluminum plate and keep the detection error within 0.82 mm.
Emerging role of microRNA 21 in cancer (Review)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of single stranded RNA molecules of 15 27 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post translational level. miR 21 is one of the earliest identified cancer promoting 'oncomiRs' targeting numerous tumor suppressor genes associated with proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. The regulation of miR 21 and its role in carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated. Recent studies have focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR 21 as well as its implication in the drug resistance of human malignancies. The further use of miR 21 as a biomarker and target for cancer treatments is likely to improve the outcome for patients with cancer. The present review highlights recent findings associated with the importance of miR 21 in hematological and non hematological malignancies.
Emerging role of microRNA 21 in cancer.
Venue: Biomedical reports

MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of single stranded RNA molecules of 15 27 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post translational level. miR 21 is one of the earliest identified cancer promoting 'oncomiRs' targeting numerous tumor suppressor genes associated with proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. The regulation of miR 21 and its role in carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated. Recent studies have focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR 21 as well as its implication in the drug resistance of human malignancies. The further use of miR 21 as a biomarker and target for cancer treatments is likely to improve the outcome for patients with cancer. The present review highlights recent findings associated with the importance of miR 21 in hematological and non hematological malignancies.
Competitiveness and Industrial Policy: From Rationalities of Failure Towards the Ability to Evolve

This paper elaborates a dynamic rationale of industrial policy, focusing on how to strengthen the socio economic system's ability to evolve, i.e. how to achieve high real income together with qualitative change. It highlights that the ubiquitous rationalities of failure, be it of markets, governments, or systems, are rooted in a peculiar habit of accepting hypothetical perfect states as normative benchmarks. In contrast, a dynamic logic of intervention should start from the question, what the system aims to accomplish. Combining the structuralist ontology of micro, meso and macro with the functional principles of evolutionary change, the paper proposes a general typology of economic policies based on their respective contributions to the system's ability to evolve.
Global epidemiology of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in humans, 1997 2015: a systematic review
Venue: The Lancet. Infectious diseases

Avian influenza viruses A(H5N1) have caused a large number of typically severe human infections since the first human case was reported in 1997. However, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological analysis of global human cases of H5N1 from 1997 2015. Moreover, few studies have examined in detail the changing epidemiology of human H5N1 cases in Egypt, especially given the most recent outbreaks since November 2014 which have the highest number of cases ever reported globally over a similar period. Data on individual cases were collated from different sources using a systematic approach to describe the global epidemiology of 907 human H5N1 cases between May 1997 and April 2015. The number of affected countries rose between 2003 and 2008, with expansion from East and Southeast Asia, then to West Asia and Africa. Most cases (67.2% occurred from December to March, and the overall case fatality risk was 53.5% (483/903) which varied across geographical regions. Although the incidence in Egypt has increased dramatically since November 2014, compared to the cases beforehand there were no significant differences in the fatality risk history of exposure to poultry, history of human case contact, and time from onset to hospitalization in the recent cases.