nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Lightning Damage to Wind Turbine Blades From Wind Farms in the U.S.
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

This paper presents statistical data about lightning damage on wind turbine blades reported at different wind farms in the U.S. The analysis is based on 304 cases of damage due to direct lightning attachment on the blade surface. This study includes a large variety of blades with different lengths, laminate structure, and lightning protection systems. The statistics consist of the distribution of lightning damage along the blade and classify the damage by severity. In addition, the frequency of lightning damage to more than one blade of a wind turbine after a thunderstorm is assessed. The results of the analysis show that the majority of lightning damage is concentrated at the tip of the blade. Furthermore, all of the blades involved in the study show great similarity in the distribution of damage along the blade and the characteristics of the damages, even concerning the significant differences in the blades' geometry and materials.
Effect of crop residue returns on N2O emissions from red soil in China

For a long time, farmers in the red soil region of southern China have returned crop residues to the soil, but how various crop residues influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is not well understood. We compared the influence of returning different crop residues [rapeseed cake (RC) maize straw, rice straw and wheat straw (WS) in combination with different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (nil, low and high) on red soil N2O emissions. Results confirmed the inverse relationship between cumulative N2O emissions and residue C:N ratio in red soil under different levels of N fertilizer. However, N fertilizer application did not significantly influence N2O emissions in the WS (which had the highest C:N ratio) and corresponding control treatments, while it enhanced N2O emissions in the RC (which had the lowest C:N ratio) treatment and displayed significantly higher cumulative N2O emissions with low N fertilizer application. This phenomenon may be attributed to the poor nutrient content in red soil, which leads to 'Liebig's Law of the Minimum' on available C. N fertilizer application provided sufficient available N, while the readily available C, which was mainly dependent on the degradability of the residue, became the crucial factor influencing N2O emissions. Additional experiments, which showed that the addition of glucose and sucrose could increase N2O emissions when N (NH4+ N) was sufficient, confirmed this hypothesis. Thus, to reduce N2O emissions when returning residues to red soil, we suggest that both the residue C:N ratio and the quality should be considered when deciding whether to apply N fertilizer.
Effect of Crop Sequenceof Rice, Maize and Fahll Berseem Residues on Wheat Productivity and Soil Fertility

A two years' field trial was conducted at Gemmaiza Agricultural Research Station, during 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons to study the effect of plant residues; rice straw, corn stover and fahal berseem as a cash crop on wheat production and soil properties. The experimental design was strip plot design in three replications. Where rice and maize were occupied the vertical stripplots, while the plant residues were occupied the horizontalstrip plots. Rice straw treatments were: untreated soil with rice straw, treated soil with chopped rice straw output of 33 from the previous crop and fahal berseem one cut residues incorporated in soil followed by wheat. The same treatments were repeated with corn residues. Results showed that available N, P and K in soil were increased resulting from the decomposition of rice straw and corn stover. This improved soil fertility which is reflected in increasing the productivity of wheat crop compared with the other treatments. Also, application of different treatments significantly influenced the yield and its attributes of wheat crop in both seasons. The highest values of cereal units, economic evaluation and net return were resulted from the crop sequence corn followed by fahal berseem one cut followed by wheat, compared to other treatments in both seasons, respectively.
La trayectoria escolar en la formacion inicial de profesores de matematicas

El presente trabajo documenta avances de una investigacion en proceso, relacionada con la trayectoria escolar y el proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje de los futuros profesores de matematicas de la Universidad Autonoma de Baja California.La implicacion del analisis de trayectoria escolar consiste en identificar los conocimientos y habilidades que el estudiante de docencia de la matematica posee y que es lo que necesita mejorar para llegar a ser un profesor competente, que forme a estudiantes capaces de resolver problemas y tomar decisiones con base en el pensamiento matematico.
APRENDER A SER PROFESORA Y PROFESOR DE HISTORIA Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES. LOS PROPOSITOS DE LA ENSENANZA EN LA FORMACION INICIAL

Este articulo, resultado de una tesis doctoral en la Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, investiga la formacion del profesorado de Historia y Ciencias Sociales centrandose en una cuestion esencial del ejercicio docente: los propositos de la ensenanza. Es un estudio de casos que indaga el proceso de Practica Autonoma de cinco estudiantes de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile en su ultimo semestre de formacion. A traves de entrevistas, la interpretacion de sus biografias escolares, la observacion de su practica y el analisis de los recursos didacticos que elaboran, se reconstruye su pensamiento pedagogico y sus representaciones sobre la ensenanza, y se indaga en la relacion entre esas representaciones con el ejercicio de la practica, y la influencia que han tenido en sus propositos de la ensenanza sus experiencias personales y la formacion universitaria. Los objetivos buscan analizar las condiciones que facilitan y obstaculizan la influencia de la formacion universitaria en las decisiones didacticas e identificar las medidas que deben implementarse para mejorarla.
Efficient non linear feature adaptation using Maxout networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

In this paper we present a simple and effective method for doing non linear feature adaptation using Maxout networks. The technique overcomes the need to sample the partition function during training, and overcomes the need to compute the Jacobian term and its gradient for each training case. Results on the Switchboard 1 task demonstrate that the approach can improve a state of the art hybrid ASR system that utilizes i vectors.
Dementia beyond 2025: Knowledge and uncertainties
Venue: Dementia

Given that there may well be no significant advances in drug development before 2025, prevention of dementia Alzheimer's disease through the management of vascular and lifestyle related risk factors may be a more realistic goal than treatment. Level of education and cognitive reserve assessment in neuropsychological testing deserve attention, as well as cultural, social, and economic aspects of caregiving. Assistive technologies for dementia care remain complex. Serious games are emerging as virtual educational and pleasurable tools, designed for individual and cooperative skill building. Public policies are likely to pursue improving awareness and understanding of dementia; providing good quality early diagnosis and intervention for all; improving quality of care from diagnosis to the end of life, using clinical and economic end points; delivering dementia strategies quicker, with an impact on more people. Dementia should remain presented as a stand alone concept, distinct from frailty or loss of autonomy. The basic science of sensory impairment and social engagement in people with dementia needs to be developed. E learning and serious games programs may enhance public and professional education. Faced with funding shortage, new professional dynamics and economic models may emerge through coordinated, flexible research networks. Psychosocial research could be viewed as an investment in quality of care, rather than an academic achievement in a few centers of excellence. This would help provide a competitive advantage to the best operators. Stemming from care needs, a logical, systems approach to dementia care environment through organizational, architectural, and psychosocial interventions may be developed, to help reduce symptoms in people with dementia and enhance quality of life. Dementia friendly environments, culture, and domesticity are key factors for such interventions.
The Duterte Administration's Foreign Policy: Unravelling the Aquino Administration's Balancing Agenda on an Emergent China

From 2010 to 2016, then President Benigno Aquino balanced China's expansive maritime claim in the South China Sea. President Aquino challenged China by shifting the AFP's focus from domestic security to territorial defence, bolstering closer Philippine US security relations, acquiring American military equipment, seeking from Washington an explicit security guarantee under the 1951 Mutual Defence Treaty (MDT) and promoting a strategic partnership with Japan. However, the Duterte administration is unravelling its predecessor's balancing agenda by distancing itself from the United States and gravitating closer to China, despite the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) July 12 2016 award to the Philippines. President Duterte's foreign policy is directed at reviving the equi balancing policy on China, in contrast to then President Aquino's balancing strategy. This is best exemplified by his efforts to harness China for several major infrastructure and investments projects in the Philippines and to resort to bilateral negotiations with Beijing. The present article argues that instead of relying on the US, President Duterte is fostering closer security partnership with Japan to equi balance an emergent China.
Implementation of Participatory Forest Management in Kenya: A Case Study of Karima Forest
Venue: International Forestry Review

This paper analyzes the distribution of powers before and after the implementation of participatory forest management (PFM) in Kenya. The paper is a case study of the Karima forest in the Central Highlands of Kenya. The study relies primarily on 34 semi structured interviews with key actors involved in and affected by the PFM. The paper finds that the established Community Forest Association (CFA) has not been entrusted with significant powers; all powers and benefits remain with the local authority (county government) Moreover, the paper documents that the CFA offers a poor representation of the forest communities and weak downward accountability relations. Finally, it illustrates a planning process, which has weaknesses in participation and inclusiveness. Consequently, the paper suggests three areas for PFM policy reform in Kenya: (i) the role (powers) and function of CFAs; (ii) benefit sharing; and (iii) ways to make the PFM process more participatory and inclusive.
The Passenger Decision Making Mechanism of Self service Kiosk at the Airport
Venue: JSAI isAI Workshops

We examine how individuals decide to use self service technology. The decisions made by individuals between options of service are to be located in various contexts, including that of their traits. We focus on the check in process for air travelers at the airport and map the actual existing world onto the experimental space to represent the decision making process in an agent based model (ABM) Real world data, taken from an airline's system, is used to verify and validate the model. A cognitive model is implemented in ABM, which utilizes a fuzzy inference system to model each agent's choice. Passenger behavior is carefully designed based on the knowledge of experienced front line airport customer service experts and is also reviewed and clarified by on site observations. We also discuss how to validate the effectiveness of ABM in the end.
A classification approach based on the outranking model for multiple criteria ABC analysis

The multiple criteria ABC analysis is widely used in inventory management, and it can help organizations to assign inventory items into different classes with respect to several evaluation criteria. Many approaches have been proposed in the literature for addressing such a problem. However, most of these approaches are fully compensatory in multiple criteria aggregation. This means that an item scoring badly on one or more key criteria could be placed in good classes because these bad performances could be compensated by other criteria. Thus, it is necessary to consider the non compensation in the multiple criteria ABC analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the ABC classification problem with non compensation among criteria has not been studied sufficiently. We thus propose a new classification approach based on the outranking model to cope with such a problem in this paper. However, the relational nature of the outranking model makes the search for the optimal classification solution a complex combinatorial optimization problem. It is very time consuming to solve such a problem using mathematical programming techniques when the inventory size is large. Therefore, we combine the clustering analysis and the simulated annealing algorithm to search for the optimal classification. The clustering analysis groups similar inventory items together and builds up the hierarchy of clusters of items. The simulated annealing algorithm searches for the optimal classification on different levels of the hierarchy. The proposed approach is illustrated by a practical example from a Chinese manufacturer. Furthermore, we validate the performance of the approach through experimental investigation on a large set of artificially generated data at the end of the paper.
The application of ABC analysis to inventories in the automatic industry utilizing the cost saving effect

The highest levels of management work towards profit maximization, trying to achieve the lowest possible costs and the highest possible revenues. Managers in the automotive industry have the same goal. Nowadays, the automotive industry in Slovakia is based on direct foreign investments. The industry is a key sector and is considered to be the driving force behind the development of the whole economy. ABC Analysis is one of the tools that enable companies to control their costs. It provides detailed information that enables the monitoring of how resources have been utilized within a company. It enables the management to evaluate whether costs correspond with the purpose of their spending. For this research ABC analysis was applied to the conditions within the automotive industry with the aim of utilizing the effect of cost savings. On the basis of the research and statistical calculations a proposal is put forward that enables companies to reduce their costs bound in the inventories. The new system of inventories management will enable company managements to utilize the saved money in another way and to achieve further optimization of the processes.
Providers' perspectives on inbound medical tourism in Central America and the Caribbean: factors driving and inhibiting sector development and their health equity implications
Venue: Global health action

Many governments and health care providers worldwide are enthusiastic to develop medical tourism as a service export. Despite the popularity of this policy uptake, there is relatively little known about the specific local factors prospectively motivating and informing development of this sector.  To identify common social, economic, and health system factors shaping the development of medical tourism in three Central American and Caribbean countries and their health equity implications.  In depth, semi structured interviews were conducted in Mexico, Guatemala, and Barbados with 150 health system stakeholders. Participants were recruited from private and public sectors working in various fields: trade and economic development, health services delivery, training and administration, and civil society. Transcribed interviews were coded using qualitative data management software, and thematic analysis was used to identify cross cutting issues regarding the drivers and inhibitors of medical tourism development.  Four common drivers of medical tourism development were identified: 1) unused capacity in existing private hospitals, 2) international portability of health insurance, vis a vis international hospital accreditation, 3) internationally trained physicians as both marketable assets and industry entrepreneurs, and 4) promotion of medical tourism by public export development corporations. Three common inhibitors for the development of the sector were also identified: 1) the high expense of market entry, 2) poor sector wide planning, and 3) structural socio economic issues such as insecurity or relatively high business costs and financial risks.  There are shared factors shaping the development of medical tourism in Central America and the Caribbean that help explain why it is being pursued by many hospitals and governments in the region. Development of the sector is primarily being driven by public investment promotion agencies and the private health sector seeking economic benefits with limited consideration and planning for the health equity concerns medical tourism raises.
Providers' perspectives on inbound medical tourism in Central America and the Caribbean: factors driving and inhibiting sector development and their health equity implications.
Venue: Global health action

Many governments and health care providers worldwide are enthusiastic to develop medical tourism as a service export. Despite the popularity of this policy uptake, there is relatively little known about the specific local factors prospectively motivating and informing development of this sector.  To identify common social, economic, and health system factors shaping the development of medical tourism in three Central American and Caribbean countries and their health equity implications.  In depth, semi structured interviews were conducted in Mexico, Guatemala, and Barbados with 150 health system stakeholders. Participants were recruited from private and public sectors working in various fields: trade and economic development, health services delivery, training and administration, and civil society. Transcribed interviews were coded using qualitative data management software, and thematic analysis was used to identify cross cutting issues regarding the drivers and inhibitors of medical tourism development.  Four common drivers of medical tourism development were identified: 1) unused capacity in existing private hospitals, 2) international portability of health insurance, vis a vis international hospital accreditation, 3) internationally trained physicians as both marketable assets and industry entrepreneurs, and 4) promotion of medical tourism by public export development corporations. Three common inhibitors for the development of the sector were also identified: 1) the high expense of market entry, 2) poor sector wide planning, and 3) structural socio economic issues such as insecurity or relatively high business costs and financial risks.  There are shared factors shaping the development of medical tourism in Central America and the Caribbean that help explain why it is being pursued by many hospitals and governments in the region. Development of the sector is primarily being driven by public investment promotion agencies and the private health sector seeking economic benefits with limited consideration and planning for the health equity concerns medical tourism raises.
Medical Tourism in India In Whose Interest?

The present paper aims to analyse who actually benefits from the policies to promote international trade in healthcare services through medical tourism in India. It also assesses the implications of unfettered and unchecked medical tourism for public health policy making.  The research methodology adopted in this paper is inter disciplinary (socioeconomic and legal) and includes a mix of doctrinal and empirical qualitative research.  The present paper argues that in the absence of any baseline data in the public domain on inbound traffic of tourists visiting India on medical tourism, it is difficult to assess and evaluate the private sector claims and that the absence of any format for data collection, management and analysis results in questionable accountability and institutional fragmentation and non coordination. Furthermore, it results in asymmetrical policy making in areas like international trade, which may have unintended negative effects for public health.  The research findings of the present paper will also assist other developing countries considering to promote medical tourism to learn lessons from India's experiences.  The present paper uses the qualitative empirical research conducted by the author to analyse the state of affair of medical tourism in India.
Maternal and child reflective functioning in the context of child sexual abuse: pathways to depression and externalising difficulties
Venue: European journal of psychotraumatology

Sexual abuse is a well recognised risk factor for child psychopathology. Little is known regarding whether child and maternal mentalization can be considered a potential resource or protective factor in this context, respectively, mediating or moderating the relationship between sexual abuse and psychopathology.  The aims of this study were (1) to explore the relationships between child and maternal mentalizing, measured as reflective functioning (RF) and child depressive symptoms and externalising difficulties; and (2) to examine whether child mentalizing mediates the relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and psychopathology.  A total of 168 children aged 7 12 years and their mothers participated in the study. The sample included 74 dyads where children had experienced sexual abuse. The Child Attachment Interview was rated by using the Child Reflective Functioning Scale to assess children's mentalization, and the Child Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms. Mothers completed the Parent Development Interview to assess maternal RF and the Child Behavior Checklist to assess their child's externalising difficulties. A model involving direct and indirect paths from CSA, child and maternal RF to child psychopathology was examined using Mplus software.  Child mentalization partially mediated the relationships between CSA and depressive symptoms, as well as the relationship between CSA and externalising difficulties. Maternal mentalization was an independent predictor of child externalising difficulties, with higher maternal RF associated with less externalising difficulties.  The findings indicate that by ages 7 12, child mentalization is an important inner resource associated with lower depression and externalising. In addition, this study provides new evidence of the importance of the parent's mentalizing stance for the development of self regulation and externalising difficulties in both abused and non abused children. The clinical implications are discussed.