nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Drivers and barriers to return and recycling of mobile phones. Case studies of communication and collection campaigns

This article analyses drivers and barriers to returning and recycling mobile phones and their consideration in existing communication and collection campaigns. This is an important issue based on the fact that the mobile phone market is growing rapidly. In 2015 there are nearly 7 billion global mobile cellular subscriptions. This means that, at least theoretically, everyone in the world has access to mobile communication services (ITU, 2015) However, the production of mobile phones is linked to an increasing use of natural resources: the "ecological rucksack" of a mobile phone is equal to about 75 kg of resources (Nordmann et al. 2015) while the global recycling rate of mobile phones is under 10 per cent (Nokia, 2008; Tanskanen, 2012) In order to address this issue, the main factors that influence return and recycling behaviour (focussing on mobile phones) will be discussed in chapter 2 of this article. The theoretical analysis is based on the norm activation model by Ellen Matthies (2005) This analysis will be complemented by empirical data and findings generated in the research project "Return and use of old mobile phones" funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy/Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, 2012 2014) To conclude, we will identify and operationalise essential components of mobile phone communication and collection campaigns, based on the theoretical approach of Matthies, literature and empirical studies, in order to develop a set of criteria for analysing and rating such communication and collection campaigns. The results show that economic incentives as well as education and communication play a very important role in initiating more sustainable behavioural patterns in the ICT sector. The role of emotional factors is often underestimated in the development of communication activities. In summary, successful mobile phone communication and collection campaigns require a combination of several institutional, economic, social and emotional factors.
A Review of Parent Based Barriers to Parent Adolescent Communication about Sex and Sexuality: Implications for Sex and Family Educators

Although adolescents' sexual health is generally better when parents and adolescents communicate about sex and sexuality, researchers have found parents can be reluctant to engage adolescents in conversations about those topics. To better understand why, we reviewed prior literature and identified four types of parent based barriers to communication with adolescents about sex: limited sexual health knowledge, believing adolescents are not ready to discuss sex, discomfort discussing sex, and demographic factors. We then used the Theory of Planned Behavior to develop recommendations for how health educators can address these barriers, thereby increasing parent adolescent sexual health communication.
Barriers and Prompts to Parent Child Sexual Communication

One key resource for improving sexual health outcomes for young people is parent child sexual communication, but researchers have yet to explore what prompts these conversations, and detailed research into the barriers of these conversations is lacking. This study aims to explicate what prompts these conversations and what prevents them from happening more often. A nationally representative, random sample of U.S. mothers and fathers was surveyed (N 186) Participants reported that thinking their child is too young, regardless of the child's age, was a major communication barrier, while communication self efficacy and perceived value in sexual communication were associated with more communication. Sexual communication was often prompted by the child, or the parent deciding the child was "old enough," and was rarely prompted by a family member or healthcare provider. Implications for improving parent child sexual communication are discussed.
BARRIERS IN COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: TYPOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OVER TIME

This study explores barriers in computer mediated communication in a university collaborative learning community, specifically in a community of inquiry (CoI) We analyze the students' perceptions of the obstacles in their online communication, and the evolution of the obstacles over time. We use qualitative and quantitative analysis of the communication. Low levels of barriers are the most common, both in the communications and in the students' perceptions. There are statistically significant correlations between the different kinds of barriers, and the barriers decrease over time. We conclude that the technical barriers have particular concreteness. This research can be useful to minimize the possible implications of these obstacles for proper development of e learning.
An analysis of business models in Public Service Platforms
Venue: Gov. Inf. Q.

are a new type of technology platform. They are based in the philosophy of New Public Management (NPM) and support public services for citizens in quasi markets. This article increases our understanding of the business models behind these PSPs in terms of their Value Propositions, structures, networks, and financing. We interviewed representatives from 14 PSP providers in four public sectors in Sweden: education, healthcare, elder care, and public pensions. We identified a "Traditional view" with its focus on public agencies and neutral information and an "Emerging view" that includes dialogues, user evaluations, long term perspectives on choice, promotion of the ideal of choice, and self promotion by public agencies. The article contributes to research with its empirical example of the digitalization of NPM and the underlying business logic of PSPs.
Optimizing the layout of nested three tube structures in quasi static axial collapse

In this study, energy absorption characteristics of aluminum nested three tube structures as one of the types of thin wall energy absorbers were experimentally and numerically examined and some optimal conditions were presented for such structures. In so doing, after determining the type of alloy and stress strain curves of the tubes, four samples were analyzed under quasi static collapse. The structures were simulated using finite element software LS Dyna and the results were compared with data from experimental tests. There was good agreement between experimental and numerical results. After comparing multi tubular structures with single conventional structures, it was indicated that these structures have a higher capacity to absorb energy. Then, with considering different height and thickness for the structures, the optimal value of these quantities was determined and it was shown that through optimizing three tube structures, the maximum collapse force can be as low as possible and energy absorption capacity can be hold high. Finally, by optimizing the results with response surface method using Minitab software, samples with optimal performance in the process of collapse were obtained.
Review on "Membranes for Ethanol Water Separation"

Bioethanol fuel produced directly from the renewable biomass is one of the truly important energy developments in Thailand. Typically, the ethanol concentration after fermentation is quite low. Normally, ethanol, as called anhydrous ethanol or absolute ethanol used for fuel energy, is required 99.5% purity or concentration. It is necessary to use energy effective separation method for concentrating ethanol up to the fuel level. There are several techniques used to purify ethanol such as distillation, membrane technology and molecular sieve separation. Recently, the less energyintensive technique of pervaporation is found to be a promising method for producing high purity ethanol, but the overall economic feasibility is dependent upon the membrane. Thus, in this review, various membranes reported in literature are discussed and compared as to their advantages, disadvantages, and separation performance via the pervaporation process. It is found that different membranes provide different performances and advantages in ethanol separation. Other parameters governing the separation performance, such as temperature, ethanol concentration, membrane production method, and production cost, are also included.
A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community Dwelling Frail Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

Frailty can be an important clinical target to reduce rates of disability.  To ascertain if a supervised facility multicomponent exercise program (MEP) when performed by frail older persons can reverse frailty and improve functionality; cognitive, emotional, and social networking; as well as biological biomarkers of frailty, when compared with a controlled population that received no training.  This is an interventional, controlled, simple randomized study. Researchers responsible for data gathering were blinded for this study.  Participants from 2 primary rural care centers (Sollana and Carcaixent) of the same health department in Spain were enrolled in the study between December 2013 and September 2014.  We randomized a volunteer sample of 100 men and women who were sedentary, with a gait speed lower than 0.8 meters per second and frail (met at least 3 of the frailty phenotype criteria) INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to a supervised facility MEP (n 51, age 79.5, SD 3.9) that included proprioception, aerobic, strength, and stretching exercises for 65 minutes, 5 days per week, 24 weeks, or to a control group (n 49, age 80.3, SD 3.7) The intervention was performed by 8 experienced physiotherapists or nurses. Protein calorie and vitamin D supplementation were controlled in both groups.  Our MEP reverses frailty (number needed to treat to recover robustness in subjects with attendance to =50% of the training sessions was 3.2) and improves functional measurements: Barthel (trained group 91.6 SD 8.0 vs 82.0 SD 11.0 control group) Lawton and Brody (trained group 6.9 SD 0.9 vs 5.7 SD 2.0 control group) Tinetti (trained group 24.5 SD 4.4 vs 21.7 SD 4.5 control group) Short Physical Performance Battery (trained group 9.5 SD 1.8 vs 7.1 SD 2.8 control group) and physical performance test (trained group 23.5 SD 5.9 vs 16.5 SD 5.1 control group) as well as cognitive, emotional, and social networking determinations: Mini Mental State Examination (trained group 28.9 SD 3.9 vs 25.9 SD 7.3 control group) geriatric depression scale from Yesavage (trained group 2.3 SD 2.2 vs 3.2 SD 2.0 control group) EuroQol quality of life scale (trained group 8.2 SD 1.6 vs 7.6 SD 1.3 control group) and Duke social support (trained group 48.5 SD 9.3 vs 41.2 SD 8.5 control group) This program is unique in that it leads to a decrease in the number of visits to primary care physician (trained group 1.3 SD 1.4 vs 2.4 SD 2.9 control group) and to a significant improvement in frailty biomarkers.  We have designed a multicomponent exercise intervention that reverses frailty and improves cognition, emotional, and social networking in a controlled population of community dwelling frail older adults.
Systematic Mapping Study of Metrics based Clone Detection Techniques

A code clone is a code fragment that is similar or identical to other code fragments in the source code. Code clones generally occurs in large systems and affects the system maintenance and quality. Removing clones is one way to avoid problems that occur due to the presence of code clones. Clone detection techniques using software metrics provides less complexity in finding the clones. This systematic mapping study focuses on metric based clone detection techniques and various tools used in previous studies. The existing work is classified into different categories and presented in systematic maps. This paper also indicates some problems related to clone detection research.
Offshore wind power development in Maine: A rational choice perspective+

In this article, we explore the social, cultural, and political factors promoting and impeding development of offshore wind power in Maine, using the perspective of rational choice theory. Offshore floating wind platforms involve a new technology still in the experimental stage. Developing offshore wind power will require having very large scale organizations to build and finance wind farms capable of generating and transmitting electricity at competitive rates. But many obstacles can impede developing offshore wind power, including technical and financial problems and the level of support from the public and politicians. Our survey of the attitudes of three subgroups of Maine coastal people revealed substantial differences of opinion. Those in favor want to curb greenhouse gases and reduce dependence on foreign oil. Others are opposed because they fear negative effects (e.g. aesthetics; noise; reduced fishing area; mortality of animals, birds, or fish) From the perspective of rational choice theory, offshore wind power poses a collective action dilemma. Despite the need to develop renewable energy sources in a world facing climate change and shortages of cheap energy, development of offshore wind power in Maine will not succeed unless this dilemma is overcome. This does not appear likely to happen in the foreseeable future.
Fermentation Quality and Additives: A Case of Rice Straw Silage
Venue: BioMed research international

Rice cultivation generates large amount of crop residues of which only 20% are utilized for industrial and domestic purposes. In most developing countries especially southeast Asia, rice straw is used as part of feeding ingredients for the ruminants. However, due to its low protein content and high level of lignin and silica, there is limitation to its digestibility and nutritional value. To utilize this crop residue judiciously, there is a need for improvement of its nutritive value to promote its utilization through ensiling. Understanding the fundamental principle of ensiling is a prerequisite for successful silage product. Prominent factors influencing quality of silage product include water soluble carbohydrates, natural microbial population, and harvesting conditions of the forage. Additives are used to control the fermentation processes to enhance nutrient recovery and improve silage stability. This review emphasizes some practical aspects of silage processing and the use of additives for improvement of fermentation quality of rice straw.
How to Make a Bird Skull: Major Transitions in the Evolution of the Avian Cranium, Paedomorphosis, and the Beak as a Surrogate Hand.
Venue: Integrative and comparative biology

The avian skull is distinctive in its construction and in its function. Much of bird anatomical variety is expressed in the beak; but the beak itself, largely formed of the premaxillary bone, is set upon a shortened face and a bulbous, enlarged braincase. Here, we use original anatomical observations and reconstructions to describe the overall form of the avian skull in a larger context and to provide a general account of the evolutionary transformation from the early dinosaur skull the skull of an archosaurian macropredator to that of modern birds. Facial shortening, the enlargement of the braincase around an enlarged brain (with consequential reduction of circumorbital elements and the adductor chamber) and general thinning and looser articulation of bones are trends. Many of these owe to juvenilization or paedomorphosis, something that is abundantly evident from comparison of a juvenile early theropod (Coelophysis) to early avialans like Archaeopteryx Near the avian crown, the premaxilla becomes dramatically enlarged and integrated into the characteristic mobile kinetic system of birds. We posit that this addition of a large element onto the skull may be biomechanically feasible only because of the paedomorphic shortening of the face; and kinesis of the beak only because of the paedomorphic thinning of the bones and loosening of articulations, as played out in reverse during the maturation of Coelophysis Finally, the beak itself becomes elaborated as the hands are integrated into the wing. There are structural, kinematic, and neurological similarities between avian pecking and primate grasping. The ability to precision select high quality food against a complex but depauperate background may have permitted crown birds to survive the end Cretaceous cataclysm by feeding on insects, seeds, and other detritus after the collapse of higher trophic levels in the food web.
A new small enantiornithine bird from the Jehol Biota, with implications for early evolution of avian skull morphology

Enantiornithes is the most diverse Mesozoic avian clade. Approximately half of the known global diversity of Enantiornithes is from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of China. The Jehol enantiornithines are usually articulated and complete, but the bones are overlain by each other and preserved in two dimensions, severely limiting the number of cranial characters that can be recognized. Here we describe a new enantiornithine bird, Pterygornis dapingfangensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Jehol Biota. The new taxon has a unique sternal morphology with an external rostral spine and a pair of craniolateral processes. Phylogenetic analysis resolves the new taxon in a derived position within Enantiornithes. The specimen is disarticulated with several exceptionally well preserved cranial bones, including the jugal and quadratojugal, morphologies of which remain poorly understood for enantiornithines. Our results indicate that the quadratojugal is an inverted L shaped element, morphologically similar to that of more basal birds Archaeopteryx bavarica, Jeholornis prima, Confuciusornis sanctus and Sapeornis chaoyangensis. Our findings also illustrate that the quadratojugal underwent large modifications with the reduction of the caudoventral and squamosal processes sequentially during early avian evolution, contributing to the refinement of the cranial kinesis in early birds. http:/zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:384D11F5 1CD3 4447 B01E 58D320B42D49
Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F 1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice.
Venue: International journal of molecular medicine

The number of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and the expression of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1; also known as CD39) and 5' ectonucleotidase (NT5E; also known as CD73) on the Treg cell surface are increased during sepsis. In this study, to determine the factors leading to the high expression of CD39 and CD73, and the regulation of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway in Treg cells under septic conditions, we constructed a mouse model of sepsis and separated the Treg cells using a flow cytometer. The Treg cells isolated from the peritoneal lavage and splenocytes of the mice were treated with adenosine or the specific adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, and were transfected with specific siRNA targeting E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F 1) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) which are predicted transcription regulatory factors of CD39 or CD73. The regulatory relationships among these factors were then determined by western blot analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay. In addition, changes in adenosine metabolism were measured in the treated cells. The results revealed that adenosine and CGS21680 significantly upregulated CD39 and CD73 expression (P<0.01) E2F 1 and CREB induced CD39 and CD73 expression, and were upregulated by adenosine and CGS21680. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and adenosine generation were inhibited by the knockdown of E2F 1 or CREB, and were accelerated in the presence of CGS21680. Based on these results, it can be inferred that adenosine, the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, E2F 1 and CREB are the possible factors contributing to the high expression of CD39 and CD73 on the Treg cell surface during sepsis. Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39/CD73/adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation. Our study may benefit further research on adenosine metabolism for the treatment of sepsis.
The impact of national culture and social capital on corporate social responsibility attitude among immigrants entrepreneurs

Although significant attention has been given to the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship, little is known about the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in immigrant firms. Beyond the traditional social, cultural and regulatory challenges in the last years immigrant entrepreneurs have had to cope with the wide growing interest towards CSR, with raising expectations about firm's environmental and social behaviors. This study provides initial insights on this topic by studying the effect of social capital and national culture on the immigrant entrepreneur's attitude to adopt CSR in three areas: social, health and safety and environment. Sixty semi structured interviews were conducted among immigrant entrepreneurs in the Italian Province of Milan; the first one for number of immigrant entrepreneurs. Data collected were analyzed through OLS regression. Findings shows that power distance and individualism/collectivism have a negative relation with all the three CSR areas, while uncertainty avoidance is negatively related only to environmental effort. We find out a robust relation between national culture and environmental and social practices and the health and safety area. The study concludes with practical implications and suggestions for future research. The paper is one of the first studies that address the topic of CSR among immigrant entrepreneurs. Understanding the commitment of this firms is relevant for the debate around CSR and SMEs, mainly because immigrant entrepreneurs are increasing their relevance in the developed countries.
Integrated Adaptive Cruise Control Car Following Model Based on Trajectory Data

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) is a commercially available vehicle longitudinal control system that adapts the vehicle's speed to maintain a pre set distance from the leading vehicle. ACC could potentially have significant impacts on traffic flow as the market penetration increases. In order to investigate the traffic flow mixed with vehicles using ACC, accurate ACC car following models are needed, so that the microscopic simulation platforms like VISSIM or AimSun can simulate these mixed traffic flows. However, the commercial ACC control systems are proprietary, and not in closed form mathematical functions, thus not easily implementable in microscopic simulators. This study fills the gap by calibrating a new Integrated ACC car following model, which is based on freeway trajectory data from two Cadillac SRX Vehicles and contains three components: leading, following, and transition. This new model can very helpful to researchers that study freeway operational effects of mixed traffic with ACC vehicles.
Hybrid Generation Systems Planning Expansion Forecast State of the Art Review Optimal Design vs Technical and Economical Constraints

In recent years the electric power generation has entered into a new development era, which can be described mainly by increasing concerns about climate change, through the energy transition from hydrocarbon to clean energy resources. In order to power system enhance reliability, efficiency and safety, renewable and nonrenewable resources are integrated together to configure so called hybrid systems. Despite the experience accumulated in the power networks, designing hybrid system is a complex task. It has become more challenging as far as most renewable energy resources are random and weather/climatic conditions dependent. In this challenging context, this paper proposes a critical state of the art review of hybrid generation systems planning expansion and indexes multi objective methods as strategies for hybrid energy systems optimal design to satisfy technical and economical constraints.