nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Postpartum Depression Among Somali Women in Norway
Venue: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health

Postpartum depression (PPD) has been described as the most common complication experienced postpartum, affecting about 10 15 of all new mothers. Factors like a history of mental illness, and experienced recent adverse life events has been associated with an increased risk for developing PPD. Immigrant women in Western countries have been found to have a marked higher prevalence of PPD compared to the general population. In Norway the prevalence of PPD in the general population has been found to be around 8 10 and among Pakistani immigrants a rate of 7.6 was found. Somali people in Norway are the second largest immigrant group in Norway with a non Western background. No study on PPD and associated factors among Somali women has been found in the literature. The aim of the study was to assess PPD and associated factors among Somali women in greater Oslo region, Norway. A cross sectional survey was conducted; recruiting new mothers through all maternity wards in the Oslo region. Data was collected with interview administrated questionnaires. PPD was assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) defining those scoring =10 to have a possible PPD. Of the 80 eligible women identified, 39 (49 consented to participate, and completed the study. Of the 39 respondents 3 (7.7 were assessed to have a possible PPD. Most important associated factors found were history of mental illness, having experienced technical assistance during delivery, self rated health and experienced economical problems last 12 months. A low prevalence of PPD was found, and both the prevalence and its associated factors should be interpreted with caution. The associated factors do not have enough power to give any strength to the associations. However, some of the results can be used in develop new hypotheses with regard to PPD among Somali women as immigrants in a Western society.
Laser micro polishing for metallic surface using UV nano second pulse laser and CW laser

During laser micro polishing, the controllable laser energy density is a key technology to improve the surface roughness. In this paper, we have investigated a method which controls the energy density of ultraviolet (UV) pulse laser in real time with the control of continuous wave (CW) laser spot size in laser micro polishing for metallic surface. The experimental and analytical considerations of several influence factors such as laser spot size, fusion zone, and focal offset were investigated. In addition, using a laser micro polishing system manufactured with this method, the laser micro polishing experiments on the two different surface shapes of stainless steel 316L were conducted. For the inclined or curved surface, the surface roughness improvements of up to 56.4 and 57.3 were respectively obtained, and the analysis of the results were discussed.
MiR 181a suppresses autophagy and sensitizes gastric cancer cells to cisplatin.
Venue: Gene

A number of chemotherapy drugs can induce autophagy. This inducible autophagy is a pro survival mechanism and contributes to the development of acquired drug resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNA regulates autophagy via targeting autophagy related genes and is involved in drug resistance. We previously demonstrated that miR 181a plays an important role in gastric cancer. The present study aimed to explore the effect of miR 181a on autophagy regulation and cisplatin resistance. We revealed that miR 181a is a novel negative regulator of autophagy in cisplatin resistant cells SGC7901/CDDP. Then we indicated that ATG5 was a potential target of miR 181a. Furthermore, overexpression of miR 181a significantly enhanced the sensitivity of SGC7901/CDDP cells to cisplatin in vitro and reduced the volumes of gastric tumor xenografts in nude mice. Our finding provides evidence that miR 181a functions as a primary autophagy related modulator and reverses cisplatin resistance in GC cells.
Microsatellite Instability as a Biomarker for PD 1 Blockade
Venue: Clinical Cancer Research

Initial results by Le and colleagues, which were published in the June 25, 2015 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, report significant responses of cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) to anti PD 1 inhibitors in patients who failed conventional therapy. This finding fits into a broader body of research associating somatic hypermutation and neoepitope formation with response to immunotherapy, with the added benefit of relying on a simple, widely used diagnostic test. This review surveys the pathogenesis and prognostic value of MSI, diagnostic guidelines for detecting it, and the frequency of MSI across tumors, with the goal of providing a reference for its use as a biomarker for PD 1 blockade. MSI usually arises from either germline mutations in components of the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2) in patients with Lynch syndrome or somatic hypermethylation of the MLH1 promoter. The result is a cancer with a 10 to 100 fold increase in mutations, associated in the colon with poor differentiation, an intense lymphocytic infiltrate, and a superior prognosis. Diagnostic approaches have evolved since the early 1990s, from relying exclusively on clinical criteria to incorporating pathologic features, PCR based MSI testing, and immunohistochemistry for loss of MMR component expression. Tumor types can be grouped into categories based on the frequency of MSI, from colorectal (20% and endometrial (22% 33% to cervical (8% and esophageal (7% to skin and breast cancers (0% 2% If initial results are validated, MSI testing could have an expanded role as a tool in the armamentarium of precision medicine.  22(4) 813 20. (c)2016 AACR.
Pulsational Pair Instability Supernovae

The final evolution of stars in the mass range 70 140 solar masses is explored. Depending upon their mass loss history and rotation rates, these stars will end their lives as pulsational pair instability supernovae producing a great variety of observational transients with total durations ranging from weeks to millennia and luminosities from 10${41} to over 10${44} erg s$ 1} No non rotating model radiates more than $5 \times 10^{50} erg of light or has a kinetic energy exceeding $5 \times 10^{51} erg, but greater energies are possible, in principle, in magnetar powered explosions which are explored. Many events resemble Type Ibn, Icn, and IIn supernovae, and some potential observational counterparts are mentioned. Some PPISN can exist in a dormant state for extended periods, producing explosions millennia after their first violent pulse. These dormant supernovae contain bright Wolf Rayet stars, possibly embedded in bright x ray and radio sources. The relevance of PPISN to supernova impostors like Eta Carinae, to super luminous supernovae, and to sources of gravitational radiation is discussed. No black holes between 52 and 133 solar masses are expected from stellar evolution in close binaries.
Mergers of Charged Black Holes: Gravitational Wave Events, Short Gamma Ray Bursts, and Fast Radio Bursts

The discoveries of GW 150914, GW 151226, and LVT 151012 suggest that double black hole (BH BH) mergers are common in the universe. If at least one of the two merging black holes carries certain amount of charge, possibly retained by a rotating magnetosphere, the inspiral of a BH BH system would drive a global magnetic dipole normal to the orbital plane. The rapidly evolving magnetic moment during the merging process would drive a Poynting flux with an increasing wind power. The magnetospheric activities during the final phase of the merger would make a fast radio burst (FRB) if the BH charge can be as large as a factor of \hat q \sim (10^ 9} 10^ 8} of the critical charge $Q_c$ of the BH. At large radii, dissipation of the Poynting flux energy in the outflow would power a short duration high energy transient, which would appear as a detectable short duration gamma ray burst (GRB) if the charge can be as large as \hat q \sim (10^ 5} 10^ 4} The putative short GRB coincident with GW 150914 recorded by Fermi GBM may be interpreted with this model. Future joint GW/GRB/FRB searches would lead to a measurement or place a constraint on the charges carried by isolate black holes.
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory A Framework for Social Identity Social Cognition and Intergroup Relations

Optimal distinctiveness theory [Brewer, M. B. (1991) The social self: on being the same and different at the same time. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 17(5) 475 482] proposes that individuals have two fundamental and competing human needs the need for inclusion and the need for differentiation that can be met by membership in moderately inclusive (optimally distinct) groups. In this chapter, the optimal distinctiveness model and its origins are summarized, and theoretical extensions and empirical tests of the model are discussed. In particular, the empirical review summarizes the model's consequences for social identification, social cognition, and intergroup relations. The evidence strongly supports the notion that the needs for inclusion and differentiation influence self categorization resulting in a curvilinear relation between group inclusiveness and group identification. The existing evidence also indicates that the two needs influence perceptions and judgments of the self and others and the nature of intragroup and intergroup relations. The chapter concludes by discussing the interplay of the needs for inclusion and differentiation across levels of the self and how the needs for inclusion and differentiation influence which level of self (individual or collective) is motivationally primary.
On the instability and constraints of the interaction between number representation and spatial attention in healthy humans: A concise review of the literature and new experimental evidence.
Venue: Progress in brain research

The relationship between number and space representation is still one of the most debated topics in studies of mathematical cognition. Here we offer a concise review of two important behavioral effects that have pointed out the use of a spatially left to right oriented mental number line (MNL) in healthy participants: the SNARC effect and the attentional SNARC effect (Att SNARC) Following a brief summary of seminal investigations on the introspective properties of the MNL, we review recent empirical evidence and theories on the functional origin of the SNARC effect, where upon left/right response choices faster reaction times are found for small numbers with left side responses and for large numbers with right side responses. Then we offer a summary of the studies that have investigated whether the mere perception of visual Arabic numbers presented at central fixation can engender spatially congruent lateral shifts of attention, ie, leftward for small numbers and rightward for large ones, ie, the Att SNARC effect. Finally, we summarize four experiments that tested whether the Att SNARC depends on an active rather than passive processing of centrally presented digit cues. In line with other recent studies, these experiment do not replicate the original Att SNARC and show that the mere perception of Arabic numerals does not trigger automatic shifts of attention. These shifts are instead found when the task requires the explicit left/right spatial coding of digit cues, ie, Spatial Att SNARC (Fattorini et al. 2015b) Nonetheless, the reliability of the Spatial Att SNARC effect seems not as strong as that of conventional SNARC effects where left/right codes are mapped onto responses rather than directly mapped on digit cues. Comparing the magnitude of digits to a numerical reference, ie, "5," also produced a Magnitude Comparison Att SNARC that was weaker than the spatial one. However, the reliability of this Magnitude Comparison Att SNARC should be considered with caution because, like in a study by Zanolie and Pecher (2014) we recently failed to replicate this effect in a separate behavioral event related potentials study in preparation (Fattorini et al. 2015a) All together the results from the present series of experiments support the hypothesis that spatial coding is not an intrinsic part of number representation and that number space interaction is determined by the use of stimulus or response related spatial codes in the task at hand.
The Politics of Agency Death: Ministers and the Survival of Government Agencies in a Parliamentary System

This article extends the theory of government agency survival from separation of powers to parliamentary government systems. It evaluates expectations of increased risk to agencies following transitions in government, prime minister or departmental minister, and from incongruence between the originally establishing and currently overseeing political executive. Using survival models for UK executive agencies between 1989 and 2012, the study finds that politics trumps performance. Ministers seek to make their mark by terminating agencies created by previous ministers, which is reinforced by high media attention to the agency. Performance against agency targets is not associated with higher termination risk, and replacement agencies do not perform any better than those that were terminated. Financial autonomy provides some protection for agencies that are less dependent on budgetary appropriations.
The Duverger Demsetz Perspective on Electoral Competitiveness and Fragmentation: With Application to the Canadian Parliamentary System, 1867 2011

We combine Duverger's Law (1954) with Demsetz's (1968) theory of natural monopoly to provide a novel perspective on electoral competitiveness in a single member district, plurality rule system. In the framework we develop, competitiveness depends on the contestability of elections, which declines as party fragmentation exceeds the long run level predicted by Duverger's Law. We provide support for this Duverger Demsetz perspective by studying the relationship between the concentration of vote shares and a new index of electoral contestability over the history of the Canadian parliamentary system from 1867. Extension of the argument to proportional electoral systems is also considered.
The effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth: Evidence from top 38 countries

This research aims to investigate the effects of renewable energy consumption on the economic growth of major renewable energy consuming countries in the world. Using the Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index developed by the Ernst Young Global Limited, we choose 38 top renewable energy consuming countries to explain the growth process between 1991 and 2012. With panel estimation techniques, our findings establish cross sectional dependence and heterogeneity across the countries. We confirm the evidence of long run dynamics between economic growth, and traditional and energy related inputs. Findings from long run output elasticities indicate that renewable energy consumption has a significant positive impact on the economic output for 57% of our selected countries. For robustness, we also carried out time series analyses of long run output elasticities. Our findings suggest that governments, energy planners, international cooperation agencies and associated bodies must act together in increasing renewable energy investment for low carbon growth in most of these economies.
Man is to Computer Programmer as Woman is to Homemaker? Debiasing Word Embeddings
Venue: NIPS

The blind application of machine learning runs the risk of amplifying biases present in data. Such a danger is facing us with word embedding, a popular framework to represent text data as vectors which has been used in many machine learning and natural language processing tasks. We show that even word embeddings trained on Google News articles exhibit female/male gender stereotypes to a disturbing extent. This raises concerns because their widespread use, as we describe, often tends to amplify these biases. Geometrically, gender bias is first shown to be captured by a direction in the word embedding. Second, gender neutral words are shown to be linearly separable from gender definition words in the word embedding. Using these properties, we provide a methodology for modifying an embedding to remove gender stereotypes, such as the association between the words receptionist and female, while maintaining desired associations such as between the words queen and female. Using crowd worker evaluation as well as standard benchmarks, we empirically demonstrate that our algorithms significantly reduce gender bias in embeddings while preserving the its useful properties such as the ability to cluster related concepts and to solve analogy tasks. The resulting embeddings can be used in applications without amplifying gender bias.
Skinner operant conditioning model and robot bionic self learning control

Original scientific paper A Fuzzy Skinner Operant Conditioning Automaton (FSOCA) is constructed based on Operant Conditioning Mechanism with Fuzzy Set theory. The main character of FSOCA automaton is: the fuzzed results of state by Gaussian function are used as fuzzy state sets; the fuzzy mapping rules of fuzzyconditioning operation replace the stochastic "conditioning operant" mapping sets. So the FSOCA automaton can be used to describe, simulate and design various self organization actions of a fuzzy uncertain system. The FSOCA automaton firstly adopts online clustering algorithm to divide the input space and uses the excitation intensity of mapping rule to decide whether a new mapping rule needs to be generated in order to ensure that the number of mapping rules is economical. The designed FSOCA automaton is applied to motion balanced control of two wheeled robot. With the learning proceeding, the selected probability of the optimal consequent fuzzy operant will gradually increase, the fuzzy operant action entropy will gradually decrease and the fuzzy mapping rules will automatically be generated and deleted. After about seventeen rounds of training, the selected probabilities of fuzzy consequent optimal operant gradually tend to one, the fuzzy operant action entropy gradually tends to minimum and the number of fuzzy mapping rules is optimum. So the robot gradually learns the motion balance skill.
CAD Based Shape Optimization Of An Exhaust Manifold Using The Adjoint Solver

The simulation process of CFD is usually starting from a CAD model. Due to the computational cost of large scale parametric optimizations that use design of experiments and surrogate modeling, roll out methods in CFD optimizations face difficulties. The Adjoint solver provides a more efficient approach whose cost is independent of the number of design parameters. However, the sensitivity of the cost function (with respect to mesh coordinates) is used by a mesh morpher that cannot respect manufacturing constraints. Thus, we propose a cutting edge method to extend these gradients to CAD parameters. Indeed, we compute the sensitivity of the mesh coordinates with respect to CAD parameters thanks to a harmonic projection. This sensitivity is coupled to the results of STAR CCM+(r) Adjoint solver. Finally, one computation provides both output data (pressure drop, forces. and the sensitivity of the cost function with respect to CAD parameters. This method has been applied on shape optimization of an exhaust manifold (with 50 parameters) A 34% improvement for the pressure drop has been obtained in 8 iterations all while taking into account manufacturing constraints included in the CAD model.
Construccion de metodologias comparativas e indicadores para medir el uso de TIC y sus impactos en el salon de clase

El objetivo del Documento es discutir propuestas metodologicas para medir el uso y el impacto de las TIC como mediadores en la ensenanza y el aprendizaje de habilidades fundamentales, y de las habilidades del siglo 21. En la primera parte del Documento se discuten cuales son las diferentes competencias y habilidades relevantes para la insercion social y laboral en la sociedad del conocimiento, y como las TIC pueden incidir en su desarrollo. En la segunda parte, se evidencia la necesidad de innovaciones para medir y evaluar el uso de TIC en la educacion. Para ello, se observa la necesidad de medir la brecha digital en cuanto a equidad, y se muestran las ventajas de utilizar metodos mixtos cualitativos y cuantitativos en la medicion del efecto de TIC en educacion. Finalmente, se muestran las ventajas del uso de Big Data y de Analytics en la educacion, para entender mejor el uso y la incidencia de las TIC en el proceso educativo.
Accurate Mobile Urban Mapping via Digital Map Based SLAM
Venue: Sensors

This paper presents accurate urban map generation using digital map based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) Throughout this work, our main objective is generating a 3D and lane map aiming for sub meter accuracy. In conventional mapping approaches, achieving extremely high accuracy was performed by either (i) exploiting costly airborne sensors or (ii) surveying with a static mapping system in a stationary platform. Mobile scanning systems recently have gathered popularity but are mostly limited by the availability of the Global Positioning System (GPS) We focus on the fact that the availability of GPS and urban structures are both sporadic but complementary. By modeling both GPS and digital map data as measurements and integrating them with other sensor measurements, we leverage SLAM for an accurate mobile mapping system. Our proposed algorithm generates an efficient graph SLAM and achieves a framework running in real time and targeting sub meter accuracy with a mobile platform. Integrated with the SLAM framework, we implement a motion adaptive model for the Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM) Using motion estimation derived from SLAM, the experimental results show that the proposed approaches provide stable bird's eye view images, even with significant motion during the drive. Our real time map generation framework is validated via a long distance urban test and evaluated at randomly sampled points using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS.
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