nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Image Enhancement Using a Deep Learning Architecture
Venue: AISI

Ultrasound images have been used for detecting several diseases such as kidney stones and breast tumors. However, ultrasound images suffer from speckle noise and several artifacts, thus degrading the quality of the images. In this paper, we propose a new method for enhancing the quality of ultrasound images. This method is a multi frame super resolution approach, where it extracts a high resolution image from a set of low resolution images (down sampled, blurred, and shifted versions of a high resolution source image) The critical step in multi frame super resolution approaches is motion estimation, especially when there is noise in the images. To cope with this issue, we propose the use of a deep learning based method for motion estimation. Experimental results using synthetic and realistic sequences demonstrate that our proposed approach is feasible and effective for enhancing the quality of ultrasound images.
An Algorithm for Medical Ultrasound Image Enhancement by Speckle Noise Reduction

Medical digital images and medical image processing represent an important subfield in computer vision. Different algorithms and methods for analysis and improvement of various medical images were proposed in the past years. One important research topic is improvement of ultrasound images. In this paper we propose a modified median filter with adaptive size for removing one of common noise in ultrasound medical images, speckle noise, including the case when spots are larger than one pixel. Proposed method was tested on different ultrasound images and different evaluation metrics used as measure of the quality of noise removal have shown that the proposed method was successful.  Ultrasound medical images, speckle noise, denoising, median filter.
New Conditional Differential Cryptanalysis for NLFSR based Stream Ciphers and Application to Grain v1
Venue: 2016 11th Asia Joint Conference on Information Security (AsiaJCIS)

Grain v1 is an NLFSR based stream cipher designed by Hell, Johansson, and Meier in 2005. This algorithm was selected in the eSTREAM hardware profile. At Asiacrypt 2010, Knellwolf, Meier, and Naya Plasencia showed a conditional differential cryptanalysis and applied it to Grain v1. They showed distinguishing and key recovery attacks on Grain v1 with 104 rounds by using 235 chosen IVs. Sarkar then extended the distinguisher up to 106 rounds. Knellwolf et al. also showed a conditional differential cryptanalysis for the related key setting, where they analyzed both forward and inverse key initializations. Since differences quickly spread to the whole of the state, this technique works in the related key setting because the key is loaded directly into the state in the NLFSR based stream ciphers. In this paper, we propose a new method to find conditional differential characteristics on NLFSR based stream ciphers. Our method is similar to the previous one on the related key setting, but we look for conditional differential characteristics so as to prevent differences from spreading to the key. Therefore, we can efficiently find characteristics without the related key setting. On the other hand, since the found characteristic has many conditions, it generally works in the weak key setting. We apply our technique to Grain v1. We show the conditional differential distinguisher on Grain v1 up to 114 rounds and have 240 weak keys. Our distinguisher can be executed in a practical time by using 232 chosen IVs. Moreover, we propose a key recovery attack. We distinguish the weak key from the randomly chosen key by using our distinguisher. After distinguishing the weak key, we obtain the 1 bit key from the condition on both key and IV.
A multilevel analysis of school climate, homophobic name calling, and sexual harassment victimization/perpetration among middle school youth

Using multiinformant, multilevel modeling, this study examines the association between teacher/staff perceptions of school environment and student reports of homophobic name calling and sexual harassment.  Surveys were conducted with 1,447 teachers/staff and 3,616 6th grade students across 36 middle schools in the Midwest.  Bivariate associations revealed that when teachers perceive schools as committed to bullying prevention, students reported less homophobic name calling perpetration, sexual harassment perpetration, and sexual harassment victimization. When adults reported positive staff/student interactions, students endorsed lower levels of homophobic name calling perpetration and victimization and less sexual harassment perpetration. Higher teacher/staff reported gender equity was correlated with less homophobic name calling perpetration and victimization and sexual harassment perpetration. In a model with all school environment scales entered together, school commitment to prevent bullying was associated with less sexual harassment perpetration; in addition, higher gender equity and intolerance of sexual harassment at the school level was associated with fewer experiences of homophobic name calling perpetration and victimization and sexual harassment perpetration.  Efforts to address gendered harassment should include support from the school administration and professional development opportunities for all teachers and staff. Adults in the school should create a culture that is intolerant of sexual harassment and supports equality between the girls and boys in the school.
Model Free Predictive Control of Nonlinear Processes Based on Reinforcement Learning

Model predictive control (MPC) is a model based control philosophy in which the current control action is obtained by on line optimization of objective function. MPC is, by now, considered to be a mature technology owing to the plethora of research and industrial process control applications. The model under consideration is either linear or piece wise linear. However, turning to the nonlinear processes, the difficulties are in obtaining a good nonlinear model, and the excessive computational burden associated with the control optimization. Proposed framework, named as model free predictive control (MFPC) takes care of both the issues of conventional MPC. Model free reinforcement learning formulates predictive control problem with a control horizon of only length one, but takes a decision based on infinite horizon information. In order to facilitate generalization in continuous state and action spaces, fuzzy inference system is used as a function approximator in conjunction with Q learning. Empirical study on a continuous stirred tank reactor shows that the MFPC reinforcement learning framework is efficient, and strongly robust.
Gelecek Nesil Gomulu Sistem Uygulamalari icin Kullanici Etkilesimi Yaklasimi Onerisi
Venue: UYMS

Ozet. Gomulu sistem uygulamalari genel amacli bilgisayarlarda gelistirilen uygulamalarin aksine kisitli bellek, kisitli islemci gucu ve kisitli depolama alani problemlerine sahip ortamlar icin gelistirilmektedir. Ancak gelistirilen uygulamalardan beklenen performans hem islevsel anlamda hem de kullanici etkilesimi acisindan genel amacli bilgisayarlardan farksiz olarak dusunulmelidir. Son yillarda gelisen internet kullanimi gomulu sistemlerin de internet ortamina dahil edilme ihtiyacini dogurmaktadir. Internet artik yeni bir urun olmasa da tasinabilir urunlerde uzaktan kontrol yetenekleri gun gectikce artmaktadir. Ayrica internet uzerinden cihazlar arasi etkilesimin yapilabildigi gelecek nesil akilli urunler gelistirilmektedir. Calisma icerisinde bu urunler icin yazilim gelistiricilerin faydalanabilecegi kullanici etkilesimine duyarli tasarim modeli olusturulmasi hedeflenmistir. Gelecek nesil gomulu sistemleri kullanici etkilesimi fonksiyonlarina gore hem cihaz tarafinda hem de sunucu tarafinda seviyelendirecek ortak bir siniflandirma onerisi yapilacaktir.
Making Entailment Set Changes Explicit Improves the Understanding of Consequences of Ontology Authoring Actions
Venue: EKAW

The consequences of adding or removing axioms are difficult to apprehend for ontology authors using the Web Ontology Language OWL. Consequences of modelling actions range from unintended inferences to outright defects such as incoherency or even inconsistency. One of the central ontology authoring activities is verifying that a particular modelling step has had the intended consequences, often with the help of reasoners. For users of Protege, this involves, for example, exploring the inferred class hierarchy. We explore the hypothesis that making changes to key entailment sets explicit improves verification compared to the standard static hierarchy/frame based approach. We implement our approach as a Protege plugin and conduct an exploratory study to isolate the authoring actions for which users benefit from our approach. In a second controlled study we address our hypothesis and find that, for a set of key authoring problems, making entailment set changes explicit improves the understanding of consequences both in terms of correctness and speed, and is rated as the preferred way to track changes compared to a static hierarchy/frame based view.
Portraits of Decolonizing Praxis: How the Lives of Critically Engaged Pinay Scholars Inform Their Work

There is a dearth of knowledge about educationally disadvantaged groups particularly within the Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) population, as research does not adequately provide disaggregated data. As such, this study particularly focuses on the intersecting sociocultural processes and educational experiences of Filipina American (Pinay) students turned professors to understand the transformative nature of their epistemologies and its manifestations in their work as scholar activists.Moving beyond questions of race/ethnicity, this study acknowledges the American classroom as both a fragile and powerful place of becoming; where "emerging identities are being invented within a contestation of dominant discourses of [not just] race, [but also] class, gender, and sexuality." It extends from the understanding that the exclusion of particular histories, cultures, texts, and ways of knowing in the traditional university has forced the construction of new alternative spaces, wherein the production of knowledge requires creative, critical, and collective thinking towards radical transformation. Thus, through the lens of women of color theory, this work employs an intersectional framework, which sees these social categories created by colonialism as mutually constitutive across contexts.Written in the tradition of Moraga and Anzaldua's This Bridge Called My Back, this study holds conversations with six Pinay scholar activists. It pulls from memory, breaking long held silences as it boldly sutures together glimpses of personal confrontations with coloniality (Lugones, 2007; Maldonado Torres, 2007) across their lifetimes from childhood to womanhood, from within the American classroom and beyond. This critical looking inward of one's private (and often painful) formations of race, class, and gender reveals the unstable growth of a Pinay scholar activist's personal/political identity. By drawing from an assembled, unorthodox framework of decolonized feminist thought and Buddhist philosophy, this study operationalizes the methodology of embodied portraiture to capture, interpret, and illustrate the ways in which transformative moments in these scholars lives shape their work. What surfaces is a shared story of how these women of color come to inhabit their paradoxical position within empire through the experiences and practices of silence, anger, and reconciliation; as well as the creation and participation of resistant socialities; helping to extend the work of Pinayist pedagogical praxis.
Growth Of The Soil

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Preliminary study on the use of quartz sandstone as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete based on clay content, morphology and compressive strength of combined gradation

Sandstone is generally composed of grains of quartz and other minerals of fairly uniform size which are often smooth and rounded. These grains are held together by a cementing material which may be siliceous or ferruginous. The toughness of sandstone depends mostly on the nature of this cementing material. While utilising sandstone into concrete, different properties of sandstones has to be studied in detail to know the potential use of sandstone as a part or whole replacement of coarse aggregates. This replacement depends on many factors like mineralogical composition, micro structure, moisture absorption capacity, presence of carbonates and many other parameters. In this study, preliminary tests were analysed for sandstone obtained from Dholpur, eastern most part of Rajasthan state of India. Sandstone waste generation is very much higher in this particular region and it is estimated that Rajasthan alone produces 900 million tons of sandstone waste thus leading to a large dumping of these materials without any particular utilisation. In order to overcome this massive dumping of sandstone wastes and to lessen the use of natural aggregates, a study was carried to find out the effective use of these sandstone wastes in concrete. Tests were done to study the morphology, compressive strength based on combined gradation, clay content percentage and Rietveld curve fitting was done to identify the major constituents in the sandstone aggregate. It was observed that this preliminary study on parent and substitute aggregate was compulsory before replacing the parent aggregate with substitute aggregate. Partial replacement of such aggregates would prevent the usage of natural aggregates which are in the zone of depletion, thus protecting the natural resources and reducing landfilling of mine wastes.
Cancer Risk and Eicosanoid Production: Interaction between the Protective Effect of Long Chain Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake and Genotype
Venue: Journal of clinical medicine

Dietary inclusion of fish and fish supplements as a means to improve cancer prognosis and prevent tumour growth is largely controversial. Long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn 3 PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, may modulate the production of inflammatory eicosanoids, thereby influencing local inflammatory status, which is important in cancer development. Although in vitro studies have demonstrated inhibition of tumour cell growth and proliferation by LCn 3 PUFA, results from human studies have been mainly inconsistent. Genes involved in the desaturation of fatty acids, as well as the genes encoding enzymes responsible for eicosanoid production, are known to be implicated in tumour development. This review discusses the current evidence for an interaction between genetic polymorphisms and dietary LCn 3 PUFA in the risk for breast, prostate and colorectal cancers, in regards to inflammation and eicosanoid synthesis.
Human GV oocytes generated by mitotically active germ cells obtained from follicular aspirates
Venue: Scientific reports

Human female germline stem cells (FGSCs) have opened new opportunities for understanding human oogenesis, delaying menopause, treating infertility, and providing a new strategy for preserving fertility. However, the shortage of adult human ovaries tissues available impedes their future investigations and clinical applications. Here, we have established FGSC lines from scarce ovarian cortical tissues that exist in follicular aspirates (faFGSCs) which are produced and discarded in in vitro fertilization centers worldwide. The faFGSCs have characteristics of germline stem cells involved in the gene expression profile, growth characteristics, and a normal karyotype consistent with that of FGSCs obtained from ovarian cortexes surgically removed from patients (srFGSCs) Furthermore, faFGSCs have developmental potentials including spontaneous differentiation into oocytes under feeder free conditions, communicating with granulosa cells by gap junctions and paracrine factors, entering meiosis after RA induction, as well as forming follicles after injection into human ovarian cortical tissues xenografted into adult immunodeficient female mice. Lastly, we developed a strategy guiding FGSCs differentiated into germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes in vitro and revealed their developmental mechanisms. Our study not only provides a new approach to obtain human FGSCs for medical treatment, but also opens several avenues to investigate human oogenesis in vitro.
In vitro Differentiation of Germ Cells from Stem Cells.
Venue: Current molecular pharmacology

Stem cells are unique cell types with the ability of self renewal and differentiation, which mainly include embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells. Recently, several research groups have reported that stem cells can differentiate into germ cells under appropriate conditions in vitro. Advances in this field have revealed new perspectives for reproductive and regenerative medicine. Here, we review the progress of in vitro gamete production from stem cells.
Stem Cells in Mammalian Gonads.
Venue: Results and problems in cell differentiation

Stem cells have great value in clinical application because of their ability to self renew and their potential to differentiate into many different cell types. Mammalian gonads, including testes for males and ovaries for females, are composed of germline and somatic cells. In male mammals, spermatogonial stem cells maintain spermatogenesis which occurs continuously in adult testis. Likewise, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that female germline stem cells could be found in mammalian ovaries. Meanwhile, prior studies have shown that somatic stem cells exist in both testes and ovaries. In this chapter, we focus on mammalian gonad stem cells and discuss their characteristics as well as differentiation potentials.
CCAR1 5' UTR as a natural miRancer of miR 1254 overrides tamoxifen resistance
Venue: Cell Research

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) typically bind to unstructured miRNA binding sites in target RNAs, leading to a mutual repression of expression. Here, we report that miR 1254 interacts with structured elements in cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) 5' untranslated region (UTR) and this interaction enhances the stability of both molecules. miR 1254 can also act as a repressor when binding to unstructured sites in its targets. Interestingly, structured miR 1254 targeting sites act as both a functional RNA motif sensing unit, and an independent RNA functional unit that enhances miR 1254 expression. Artificially designed miRNA enhancers, termed "miRancers" can stabilize and enhance the activity of miRNAs of interest. We further demonstrate that CCAR1 5' UTR as a natural miRancer of endogenous miR 1254 re sensitizes tamoxifen resistant breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Thus, our study presents a novel model of miRNA function, wherein highly structured miRancer like motif containing RNA fragments or miRancer molecules specifically interact with miRNAs, leading to reciprocal stabilization.
All nanocellulose nonvolatile resistive memory

Single use disposable nonvolatile memory devices hold promise for novel applications in internet of everything (IoE) technology by storing the health status of individual humans in daily life. However, conventional memory devices are not disposable because they are mostly composed of non renewable, non biodegradable and sometimes toxic materials, causing serious damage to ecological systems when they are released to the environment. Here, we demonstrate an environment friendly, disposable nonvolatile memory device composed of 99.3 vol. nanocellulose. Our memory device consists of a nanocellulose based resistive switching layer and a nanopaper substrate. The device exhibited nonvolatile resistive switching with the capability of multilevel storage and potential scalability down to the single nanofiber level (ca. 15 nm) The biodegradability of our memory device was confirmed by burying it in natural soil for 26 days. Environmentally friendly memory cells that use 'nanopaper' substrates instead of silicon have been produced by an international team. The rising use of networked devices in consumer packaging and biomedical implants has created a need for recyclable electronic materials. By manipulating nanoscale cellulose fibres into extremely flat, paper like substrates, Takeshi Yanagida from Kyushu University in Japan and co workers have produced a nonvolatile memory device that can be composted. The team's technique first turned wood chips into nanopaper through a spraying and casting routine. Then, coating opposite sides of the nanopaper with silver and indium tin oxide electrodes produced a see through, resistive switching device capable of multilevel persistent memory storage. Following water based treatments to remove the electrodes, the nanopaper substrates biodegraded completely after being buried in soil for 26 days. Conventional memory devices are not disposable as they are mostly composed of non renewable, non biodegradable and some toxic materials, causing a serious damage for ecological system when they are emitted to the environment. Here we demonstrate an environment friendly, disposable nonvolatile memory device composed of 99.3 vol. nanocellulose. Our device consists of a nanocellulose based resistive switching layer and nanopaper substrate. The device exhibited the nonvolatile resistive switching with the capability of multilevel storage and the potential scalability down to single nanofiber level. Furthermore, the biodegradability of our memory device was confirmed by burying it into the natural soil for 26 days.
Controlling the Resistive Switching Behavior in Starch Based Flexible Biomemristors.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

in resistive switching memory (ReRAM) devices provides opportunities to use them in biomedical applications. We demonstrate a robust, nonvolatile, flexible, and transparent ReRAM based on potato starch. We also introduce a biomolecular memory device that has a starch chitosan composite layer. The ReRAM behavior can be controlled by mixing starch with chitosan in the resistive switching layer. Whereas starch based biomemory devices which show abrupt changes in current level; the memory device with mixed biopolymers undergoes gradual changes. Both devices exhibit uniform and robust programmable memory properties for nonvolatile memory applications. The explicated source of the bipolar resistive switching behavior is assigned to formation and rupture of carbon rich filaments. The gradual set/reset behavior in the memory device based on a starch chitosan mixture makes it suitable for use in neuromorphic devices.