nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Structured reactive programming with polymorphic temporal tiles
Venue: FARM@ICFP

In functional reactive programming (FRP) system inputs and outputs are generally modeled as functions over continuous time (behaviors) whose future values are governed by sudden changes (events) In this approach, discrete events are embedded into piece wise continuous behaviors. In the field of reactive music system programming, we develop an orthogonal approach that seems to better fit our need. Much like piano keys can be played and combined both in sequence and in parallel, we model system inputs and outputs as spatio temporal combinations of what we call temporal values: continuous functions over time whose domain lays between two events: a start and a stop event. Various high level data types and program constructs can then be derived from such a model. They are shown to satisfy robust algebraic and category theoretic properties. Altogether, this eventually provides a simple, robust and elegant programming front end, temporal tile programming, for reading, memorizing, stretching, combining and transforming flows of inputs into flows of outputs. Although at its infancy, the resulting approach has been experimentally validated for reactive and real time music system programming.
Covalent functionalization and passivation of exfoliated black phosphorus via aryl diazonium chemistry.
Venue: Nature chemistry

Functionalization of atomically thin nanomaterials enables the tailoring of their chemical, optical and electronic properties. Exfoliated black phosphorus (BP) a layered two dimensional semiconductor exhibits favourable charge carrier mobility, tunable bandgap and highly anisotropic properties, but it is chemically reactive and degrades rapidly in ambient conditions. Here we show that covalent aryl diazonium functionalization suppresses the chemical degradation of exfoliated BP even after three weeks of ambient exposure. This chemical modification scheme spontaneously forms phosphorus carbon bonds, has a reaction rate sensitive to the aryl diazonium substituent and alters the electronic properties of exfoliated BP, ultimately yielding a strong, tunable p type doping that simultaneously improves the field effect transistor mobility and on/off current ratio. This chemical functionalization pathway controllably modifies the properties of exfoliated BP, and thus improves its prospects for nanoelectronic applications.
Youth Cultures and Subcultures: Australian Perspectives

This volume critically examines 'subculture' in a variety of Australian contexts, exploring the ways in which the terrain of youth cultures and subcultures has changed over the past two decades and considering whether 'subculture' still works as a viable conceptual framework for studying youth culture. Richly illustrated with concrete case studies, the book is thematically organised into four sections addressing i) theoretical concerns and global debates over the continued usefulness of subculture as a concept? ii) the important place of 'belonging' in subcultural experience and the ways in which belonging is played out across an array of youth cultures? iii) the gendered experiences of young men and women and their ways of navigating subcultural participation? and iv) the ethical and methodological considerations that arise in relation to researching and teaching youth culture and subculture. Bringing together the latest interdisciplinary research to combine theoretical considerations with recent empirical studies of subcultural experience, Youth Cultures and Subcultures will appeal to scholars and students across the social sciences.
Youth cultures and the rest of life: subcultures, post subcultures and beyond

Recent debate on the conceptualisation of youth cultures has been characterised as an irreconcilable stalemate between materialist defenders of a version of subcultural theory derived from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) and post subcultural theorists who favour more individualised understandings. This article suggests that, beneath this facade lies a more complex and reconcilable debate and that it may be time to move beyond the polarising presence of the CCCS as primary reference point for the discussion. Turning to substance, I go on to examine how enduring areas of disagreement within the debate can be resolved, establishing ways forward with respect to the interplay between spectacular groupings and individual pathways and the contextualisation of youth cultures, including with respect to material and structural factors. I advocate greater emphasis on the study of collective youth cultures as part of broader biographies as a way forward that can draw together these substantive strands and bring together insight from across the subcultures/post subcultures debate.
Speech scrambler based on proposed random chaotic maps
Venue: 2016 Al Sadeq International Conference on Multidisciplinary in IT and Communication Science and Applications (AIC MITCSA)

Cryptography techniques must develop with the developing of wireless communication technologies. One of recent research is chaos based cryptography. Since there is data redundant in chaos signal, and not all chaos maps are random, also the attacker can take a periodic shape of chaos signal and found the system parameters. This paper proposed modifies two of chaos maps (Lorenz, Chen) and using it as pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) By using a test for noisy chaotic dynamics the results showed that the proposed maps are more random compared with original maps. The methods of speech scrambling are proposed in this paper. One of a method is using proposed random Lorenz map (RLM) as PRNG to scramble the values of Wavelet Transform (WT) speech signal. And the other is using proposed random Chen map (RCM) as PRNG to scramble the values of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) speech signal. A performance of the scheme is measured. The findings are good. A simulation of the proposed scheme has been implemented by using MATLAB (R2013a) programming language.
A proposed speech scrambling based on hybrid chaotic key generators
Venue: 2016 Al Sadeq International Conference on Multidisciplinary in IT and Communication Science and Applications (AIC MITCSA)

Due to great progress in wireless communication and the existence of public channel, through which the information transferred among users, the problem related to information security increased, especially the eavesdropping and attacking of these information. These facts required the increase of the security levels of the used cryptosystems techniques in order to prevent the attacking of transmitted information, Based on chaotic maps, this paper provides a new proposed speech scrambling system based on using a hybrid use of different chaotic maps Logistic and Henon. Each chaotic map will generate key that will be used in speech scrambling. the comparison of the system with normal speech scrambler based on using only one chaotic map. Shows good level of security.
Fertility of Women in the NLSY79

This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) a survey of people born between 1957 and 1964 to examine the fertility patterns of women up to age 46. Women in the NLSY79 cohort have two children, on average, and more than 80 percent of them give birth to at least one child by age 46. The bulk of first births occur before age 30. Fertility patterns differ markedly by education. Women with a college degree are more than twice as likely as those who never attended college to have no children, with this pattern being stronger among Black and Hispanic women. Fertility is delayed as education increases. Patterns of fertility related to labor market experience are evident, but they are weaker than those related to educational attainment.
A Tale of Two Sugars: Trehalose 6 Phosphate and Sucrose1[OPEN]
Venue: Plant Physiology

Trehalose 6 phosphate is a signal of sucrose availability in plants that influences sucrose synthesis in source leaves and the fate of imported sucrose in sink organs, thereby linking growth and development to carbon status. Trehalose 6 phosphate (Tre6P) the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis, is an essential signal metabolite in plants, linking growth and development to carbon status. The Suc Tre6P nexus model postulates that Tre6P is both a signal and negative feedback regulator of Suc levels, forming part of a mechanism to maintain Suc levels within an optimal range and functionally comparable to the insulin glucagon system for regulating blood Glc levels in animals. The target range and sensitivity of the Tre6P Suc feedback control circuit can be adjusted according to the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. In source leaves, Tre6P modulates Suc levels by affecting Suc synthesis, whereas in sink organs it regulates Suc consumption. In illuminated leaves, Tre6P influences the partitioning of photoassimilates between Suc, organic acids, and amino acids via posttranslational regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrate reductase. At night, Tre6P regulates the remobilization of leaf starch reserves to Suc, potentially linking starch turnover in source leaves to carbon demand from developing sink organs. Use of Suc for growth in developing tissues is strongly influenced by the antagonistic activities of two protein kinases: SUC NON FERMENTING 1 RELATED KINASE1 (SnRK1) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) The relationship between Tre6P and SnRK1 in developing tissues is complex and not yet fully resolved, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms, and positive and negative effects. No direct connection between Tre6P and TOR has yet been described. The roles of Tre6P in abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal regulation are also discussed.
Solving Economic Load Dispatch problem with valve loading effect using adaptive real coded quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm
Venue: 2016 Second International Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power, Energy and Controls with their Impact on Humanity (CIPECH)

Economical dispatch of power is a significant real time optimization problem in the operation of power system, which allocates the loads on the committed generating units to reduce the generation cost, while meeting all the inequality and equality constraints. Traditionally, economic load dispatch problems have been formulated as convex optimization problem and various classical methods such as gradient methods, base point participation factor method, etc. have been used for solving them. The traditional formulation is a quadratic input output curve or piece wise linear cost curve, which are continuous and convex, however, real generating units have valve loading effects, which make the cost curve discontinuous and non convex and hence the economic dispatch problem is no longer simple to handle. Thus, the classical methods cannot be employed for non convex problems. The non convex, non linear and discontinuous economic dispatch (ED) problem can be better solved by metaheuristic approaches. Such approaches often require tuning of their respective evolutionary parameters. Although, solution to such type of problem have already been solved by different metaheuristic optimization techniques in previous studies as well, however, the algorithm employed in this paper to solve Power Economic Load Dispatch (PELD) problem is adaptive real coded quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm, which does not require tuning of evolutionary parameters and performs better than some of the existing techniques on standard 6 bus 3 machine system and IEEE 14 bus 5 unit system.
On site Rapid Diagnosis of Intracranial Hematoma using Portable Multi slice Microwave Imaging System
Venue: Scientific reports

Rapid, on the spot diagnostic and monitoring systems are vital for the survival of patients with intracranial hematoma, as their conditions drastically deteriorate with time. To address the limited accessibility, high costs and static structure of currently used MRI and CT scanners, a portable non invasive multi slice microwave imaging system is presented for accurate 3D localization of hematoma inside human head. This diagnostic system provides fast data acquisition and imaging compared to the existing systems by means of a compact array of low profile, unidirectional antennas with wideband operation. The 3D printed low cost and portable system can be installed in an ambulance for rapid on site diagnosis by paramedics. In this paper, the multi slice head imaging system's operating principle is numerically analysed and experimentally validated on realistic head phantoms. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that the multi slice head imaging system is able to generate better quality reconstructed images providing 70% higher average signal to clutter ratio, 25% enhanced maximum signal to clutter ratio and with around 60% hematoma target localization compared to the previous head imaging systems. Nevertheless, numerical and experimental results demonstrate that previous reported 2D imaging systems are vulnerable to localization error, which is overcome in the presented multi slice 3D imaging system. The non ionizing system, which uses safe levels of very low microwave power, is also tested on human subjects. Results of realistic phantom and subjects demonstrate the feasibility of the system in future preclinical trials.
How to Engage in Pseudoscience With Real Data: A Criticism of John Hattie's Arguments in Visible Learning From the Perspective of a Statistician

This paper is a forum contribution that appeared in issue 51 2 in French. Due to the "positive buzz" it garnered following its publication, the MJE editorial team has made its translation available to our English readers. The original version can be accessed here: http:/mje.mcgill.ca/article/view/9394 COMMENT FAIRE DE LA PSEUDOSCIENCE AVEC DES DONNEES REELLES UNE CRITIQUE DES ARGUMENTS STATISTIQUES DE JOHN HATTIE DANS VISIBLE LEARNING PAR UN STATISTICIEN Cet article est paru en francais dans l'edition 51 2. En raison de la reception tres favorable des lecteurs lors de sa publication, l'equipe editoriale de la RSEM permet aux lecteurs anglophones d'en lire une version en anglais. L'article original est disponible a l'adresse suivante http:/mje.mcgill.ca/ article/view/9394
Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Instagram is the fastest growing social network site globally. This study investigates motives for its use, and its relationship to contextual age and narcissism. A survey of 239 college students revealed that the main reasons for Instagram use are "Surveillance/Knowledge about others," "Documentation," "Coolness," and "Creativity." The next significant finding was a positive relationship between those who scored high in interpersonal interaction and using Instagram for coolness, creative purposes, and surveillance. Another interesting finding shows that there is a positive relationship between high levels of social activity (traveling, going to sporting events, visiting friends, etc. and being motivated to use Instagram as a means of documentation. In reference to narcissism, there was a positive relationship between using Instagram to be cool and for surveillance. Theoretical contributions of this study relate to our understanding of uses and gratifications theory. This study uncovers new motives for social media use not identified in previous literature.
Scaling up Dynamic Topic Models
Venue: WWW

Dynamic topic models (DTMs) are very effective in discovering topics and capturing their evolution trends in time series data. To do posterior inference of DTMs, existing methods are all batch algorithms that scan the full dataset before each update of the model and make inexact variational approximations with mean field assumptions. Due to a lack of a more scalable inference algorithm, despite the usefulness, DTMs have not captured large topic dynamics. This paper fills this research void, and presents a fast and parallelizable inference algorithm using Gibbs Sampling with Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics that does not make any unwarranted assumptions. We also present a Metropolis Hastings based $O(1) sampler for topic assignments for each word token. In a distributed environment, our algorithm requires very little communication between workers during sampling (almost embarrassingly parallel) and scales up to large scale applications. We are able to learn the largest Dynamic Topic Model to our knowledge, and learned the dynamics of 1,000 topics from 2.6 million documents in less than half an hour, and our empirical results show that our algorithm is not only orders of magnitude faster than the baselines but also achieves lower perplexity.
Application of dynamic topic models to toxicogenomics data
Venue: BMC Bioinformatics

BackgroundAll biological processes are inherently dynamic. Biological systems evolve transiently or sustainably according to sequential time points after perturbation by environment insults, drugs and chemicals. Investigating the temporal behavior of molecular events has been an important subject to understand the underlying mechanisms governing the biological system in response to, such as, drug treatment. The intrinsic complexity of time series data requires appropriate computational algorithms for data interpretation. In this study, we propose, for the first time, the application of dynamic topic models (DTM) for analyzing time series gene expression data.ResultsA large time series toxicogenomics dataset was studied. It contains over 3144 microarrays of gene expression data corresponding to rat livers treated with 131 compounds (most are drugs) at two doses (control and high dose) in a repeated schedule containing four separate time points (4 8 15 and 29 day) We analyzed, with DTM, the topics (consisting of a set of genes) and their biological interpretations over these four time points. We identified hidden patterns embedded in this time series gene expression profiles. From the topic distribution for compound time condition, a number of drugs were successfully clustered by their shared mode of action such as PPARa agonists and COX inhibitors. The biological meaning underlying each topic was interpreted using diverse sources of information such as functional analysis of the pathways and therapeutic uses of the drugs. Additionally, we found that sample clusters produced by DTM are much more coherent in terms of functional categories when compared to traditional clustering algorithms.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that DTM, a text mining technique, can be a powerful computational approach for clustering time series gene expression profiles with the probabilistic representation of their dynamic features along sequential time frames. The method offers an alternative way for uncovering hidden patterns embedded in time series gene expression profiles to gain enhanced understanding of dynamic behavior of gene regulation in the biological system.
Does College Teach Critical Thinking? A Meta Analysis

Educators view critical thinking as an essential skill, yet it remains unclear how effectively it is being taught in college. This meta analysis synthesizes research on gains in critical thinking skills and attitudinal dispositions over various time frames in college. The results suggest that both critical thinking skills and dispositions improve substantially over a normal college experience. Furthermore, analysis of curriculum wide efforts to improve critical thinking indicates that they do not necessarily produce incremental long term gains. We discuss implications for the future of critical thinking in education.
Life Cycle Assessment of High Performance, Low Cost Homes

While there is increasing desire to improve the energy performance and sustainability of homes, there remains a strong need for lower cost housing. This research involved the construction of a prototype house intended to achieve both high performance and low cost. This paper reports on an assessment of the environmental performance of the prototype using life cycle assessment techniques. A life cycle assessment was conducted for the innovative magnesium oxide structural insulated panels used for the prototype's envelope system in comparison with traditional structural insulated panels and a stick frame envelope The results show that the impact of transporting materials from China has a negative impact on the life cycle analysis results of the magnesium oxide panels relative to the wood based alternatives, which could be largely alleviated through domestic sourcing of the main materials. The life cycle analysis was also performed on the lighting and heating designs for the prototype home, which showed that these systems performed very well relative to more conventional alternatives.
3 D Co3 (PO4 )2 Reduced Graphene Oxide Flowers for Photocatalytic Water Splitting: A Type II Staggered Heterojunction System.
Venue: ChemSusChem

The design, synthesis, and photoelectrochemical characterization of Co3 (PO4 )2 a hydrogen evolving catalyst modified with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is reported. The 3 D flowerlike Co3 (PO4 )2 heterojunction system, consisting of 3 D flowerlike Co3 (PO4 )2 and RGO sheets, was synthesized by a one pot in situ photoassisted method under visible light irradiation, which was achieved without the addition of surfactant or a structure directing reagent. For the first time, Co3 (PO4 )2 is demonstrated to act as a hydrogen evolving catalyst rather than being used as an oxygen evolving photoanode. In particular, 3 D flowerlike Co3 (PO4 )2 anchored to RGO nanosheets is shown to possess dramatically improved photocatalytic activity. This enhanced photoactivity is mainly due to the staggered type II heterojunction system, in which photoinduced electrons from 3 D flowerlike Co3 (PO4 )2 transfer to the RGO sheets and result in decreased charge recombination, as evidenced by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The band gap of Co3 (PO4 )2 was calculated to be 2.35 eV by the Kubelka Munk method. Again, the Co3 (PO4 )2 semiconductor displays n type behavior, as observed from Mott Schottky measurements. These RGO Co3 (PO4 )2 conjugates are active in the visible range of solar light for water splitting and textile dye degradation, and can be used towards the development of greener and cheaper photocatalysts by exploiting solar light.
Estimating the Effect of State Zero Tolerance Laws on Exclusionary Discipline, Racial Discipline Gaps, and Student Behavior

Zero tolerance discipline policies have come under criticism as contributors to racial discipline gaps; however, few studies have explicitly examined such policies. This study utilizes data from two nationally representative data sources to examine the effect of state zero tolerance laws on suspension rates and principal perceptions of problem behaviors. Utilizing state and year fixed effects models, this study finds that state zero tolerance laws are predictive of a 0.5 percentage point increase in district suspension rates and no consistent decreases in principals' perceptions of problem behaviors. Furthermore, the results indicate that the laws are predictive of larger increases in suspension rates for Blacks than Whites, potentially contributing to the Black White suspension gap. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.