nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tip localized receptors control pollen tube growth and LURE sensing in Arabidopsis
Venue: Nature

Directional control of tip growing cells is essential for proper tissue organization and cell to cell communication in animals and plants. In the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, the tip growth of the male gametophyte, the pollen tube, is precisely guided by female cues to achieve fertilization. Several female secreted peptides have recently been identified as species specific attractants that directly control the direction of pollen tube growth. However, the method by which pollen tubes precisely and promptly respond to the guidance signal from their own species is unknown. Here we show that tip localized pollen specific receptor like kinase 6 (PRK6) with an extracellular leucine rich repeat domain is an essential receptor for sensing of the LURE1 attractant peptide in Arabidopsis thaliana under semi in vivo conditions, and is important for ovule targeting in the pistil. PRK6 interacted with pollen expressed ROPGEFs (Rho of plant guanine nucleotide exchange factors) which are important for pollen tube growth through activation of the signalling switch Rho GTPase ROP1 (refs 7, 8) PRK6 conferred responsiveness to AtLURE1 in pollen tubes of the related species Capsella rubella. Furthermore, our genetic and physiological data suggest that PRK6 signalling through ROPGEFs and sensing of AtLURE1 are achieved in cooperation with the other PRK family receptors, PRK1, PRK3 and PRK8. Notably, the tip focused PRK6 accumulated asymmetrically towards an external AtLURE1 source before reorientation of pollen tube tip growth. These results demonstrate that PRK6 acts as a key membrane receptor for external AtLURE1 attractants, and recruits the core tip growth machinery, including ROP signalling proteins. This work provides insights into the orchestration of efficient pollen tube growth and species specific pollen tube attraction by multiple receptors during male female communication.
Biological and therapeutic properties of bee pollen: a review.
Venue: Journal of the science of food and agriculture

Natural products, including bee products, are particularly appreciated by consumers and are used for therapeutic purposes as alternative drugs. However, it is not known whether treatments with bee products are safe and how to minimise the health risks of such products. Among others, bee pollen is a natural honeybee product promoted as a valuable source of nourishing substances and energy. The health enhancing value of bee pollen is expected due to the wide range of secondary plant metabolites (tocopherol, niacin, thiamine, biotin and folic acid, polyphenols, carotenoid pigments, phytosterols) besides enzymes and co enzymes, contained in bee pollen. The promising reports on the antioxidant, anti inflammatory, anticariogenic antibacterial, antifungicidal, hepatoprotective, anti atherosclerotic, immune enhancing potential require long term and large cohort clinical studies. The main difficulty in the application of bee pollen in modern phytomedicine is related to the wide species specific variation in its composition. Therefore, the variations may differently contribute to bee pollen properties and biological activity and thus in therapeutic effects. In principle, we can unequivocally recommend bee pollen as a valuable dietary supplement. Although the bee pollen components have potential bioactive and therapeutic properties, extensive research is required before bee pollen can be used in therapy.
Macronutrient ratios in pollen shape bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) foraging strategies and floral preferences
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Bees pollinate the majority of flowering plant species, including agricultural crops. The pollen they obtain is their main protein and lipid source that fuels development and reproduction. Bee populations are declining globally, in large part because of landscape level loss of host plant species contributing to a nutritional shortage. To mitigate declines, we must understand how the nutritional requirements of bees influence foraging behavior. We demonstrate that bumble bees selectively collect pollen from host plant species based on the protein:lipid ratios of pollen. Our research indicates that bees evaluate pollen quality and adjust foraging decisions to meet their nutritional needs. To be effective, conservation initiatives must include host plant species that provide pollen that satisfies the nutritional demands of bees to support their populations. To fuel their activities and rear their offspring, foraging bees must obtain a sufficient quality and quantity of nutritional resources from a diverse plant community. Pollen is the primary source of proteins and lipids for bees, and the concentrations of these nutrients in pollen can vary widely among host plant species. Therefore we hypothesized that foraging decisions of bumble bees are driven by both the protein and lipid content of pollen. By successively reducing environmental and floral cues, we analyzed pollen foraging preferences of Bombus impatiens in (i) host plant species, (ii) pollen isolated from these host plant species, and (iii) nutritionally modified single source pollen diets encompassing a range of protein and lipid concentrations. In our semifield experiments, B. impatiens foragers exponentially increased their foraging rates of pollen from plant species with high protein:lipid (P:L) ratios; the most preferred plant species had the highest ratio ~4.6:1) These preferences were confirmed in cage studies where, in pairwise comparisons in the absence of other floral cues, B. impatiens workers still preferred pollen with higher P:L ratios. Finally, when presented with nutritionally modified pollen, workers were most attracted to pollen with P:L ratios of 5:1 and 10:1, but increasing the protein or lipid concentration (while leaving ratios intact) reduced attraction. Thus, macronutritional ratios appear to be a primary factor driving bee pollen foraging behavior and may explain observed patterns of host plant visitation across the landscape. The nutritional quality of pollen resources should be taken into consideration when designing conservation habitats supporting bee populations.
Storytelling in organisations: supporting or subverting corporate strategy?

Storytelling is claimed to be an effective way of communicating corporate strategy within organisations. However, previous studies have tended to focus holistically on storytelling in organisations rather than investigating how different groups may use and be influenced by stories. This paper addresses these gaps in the literature by investigating how storytelling in internal communication can either support or subvert corporate strategy.  A qualitative study was conducted into storytelling in two large companies in the UK energy industry. Data was collected through 70 semi structured interviews, documentary research, and observation research. Impression management theory was used to analyse how stories supported or subverted corporate strategy.  Storytelling by employees in the corporate and customer service areas of the organisations showed the greatest support for corporate strategy. There was more subversive storytelling in the operational areas, particularly by lower level employees. Stories subverted corporate strategy by recounting incidents and encouraging behaviour that contradicted the organisation's vision/goals and values.  The study shows the important contribution of employees to the collective sensemaking process in organisations, by narrating supportive or subversive stories. Engaging employees in storytelling can enhance support for corporate strategy, however managers should also see subversive stories as an opportunity to identify and address problems in the organisation.
The impact of trade and technology on wage components

We use a large sample of German workers to analyze the effect of low wage competition with China and Eastern Europe (the East) on the wage structure within German manufacturing industries. Utilizing the method by Abowd et al. (1999) we decompose wages into firm and worker components. We find that the rise of market access and competitiveness of the East has a substantial impact on the dispersion of the worker wage component and in part on positive assortative matching. Trade fails to explain changes in the firm wage premium. The rising dispersion in worker specific wages can be attributed to increasing skill premia and to changes in the extensive margin of the workforce, leading to a wage polarization for the remaining within industry workers. We also account for technological change by considering how many routine intensive jobs are substituted within an industry. The more routine jobs are cut, the higher is the effect on wage inequality, especially on the dispersion of worker specific wages. Overall, trade explains up to 19% of the recent increase in wage inequality and slightly exceeds the technology effect that accounts for approximately 17%
The evolution of wealth inequality over half a century: The role of taxes, transfers and technology

Over the last 50 years the U.S. tax system went through a striking transformation that reduced the effective tax rates for top income groups and raised transfers to seniors. This paper investigates the macroeconomic repercussions of this change in policy, particularly for the distributions of income, wealth and consumption. Changes in taxes and transfers account for nearly half of the rise in wealth concentration. Nonetheless, their impact on the distributions of income and consumption has been minor due to changes in equilibrium prices and the offsetting effects of tax cuts and transfers on the dispersion of consumption. Results highlight the role of increasing wage dispersion during this period as the main driver of trends in inequality.
Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle
Venue: FASEB journal official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

Exercise training enhances physical performance and confers health benefits, largely through adaptations in skeletal muscle. Mitochondrial adaptation, encompassing coordinated improvements in quantity (content) and quality (structure and function) is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the beneficial outcomes of exercise training. Exercise training has long been known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis, but recent work has demonstrated that it has a profound impact on mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) and clearance (mitophagy) as well. In this review, we discuss the various mechanisms through which exercise training promotes mitochondrial quantity and quality in skeletal muscle. Drake, J. C. Wilson, R. J. Yan, Z. Molecular mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training in skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 30, 13 22 (2016) www.fasebj.org
Exercise training improves peak oxygen consumption and haemodynamics in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and inoperable chronic thrombo embolic pulmonary hypertension: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Venue: European heart journal

The impact of exercise training on the right heart and pulmonary circulation has not yet been invasively assessed in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure. This prospective randomized controlled study investigates the effects of exercise training on peak VO2/kg, haemodynamics, and further clinically relevant parameters in PH patients.  Eighty seven patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and inoperable chronic thrombo embolic PH (54% female, 56 15 years, 84% World Health Organization functional class III/IV, 53% combination therapy) on stable disease targeted medication were randomly assigned to a control and training group. Medication remained unchanged during the study period. Non invasive assessments and right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise were performed at baseline and after 15 weeks. Primary endpoint was the change in peak VO2/kg. Secondary endpoints included changes in haemodynamics. For missing data, multiple imputation and responder analyses were performed. The study results showed a significant improvement of peak VO2/kg in the training group (difference from baseline to 15 weeks: training +3.1 2.7 mL/min/kg equals +24.3% vs. control 0.2 2.3 mL/min/kg equals +0.9% P 0.001) Cardiac index (CI) at rest and during exercise, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, 6 min walking distance, quality of life, and exercise capacity significantly improved by exercise training.  Low dose exercise training at 4 7 days/week significantly improved peak VO2/kg, haemodynamics, and further clinically relevant parameters. The improvements of CI at rest and during exercise indicate that exercise training may improve the right ventricular function. Further, large multicentre trials are necessary to confirm these results.
Effects of Motor versus Cardiovascular Exercise Training on Children's Working Memory.
Venue: Medicine and science in sports and exercise

The aim of this investigation was to examine the influence of different types of exercise exertion on primary school children's working memory (WM) METHODS Participants (N 71, 9.4 yr, 39 girls) were randomly assigned to a cardiovascular exercise (CE) a motor exercise (ME) or a control group (CON) They underwent a letter digit span task (WM) before and after an intervention period that involved 10 wk of an additional afterschool exercise regimen, which took place three times a week for 45 min. Students in the control group participated in assisted homework sessions.  WM performance of the 9 to 10 yr old children benefited from both the cardiovascular and the motor exercise programs, but not from the control condition. The increase in WM performance was significantly larger for children in the ME compared with the CE or CON.  These findings add to the knowledge base relating different types of exercise and WM. Besides the efficiency of cardiovascular exercise training, a special motor demanding intervention seems to be a beneficial strategy to improve WM in preadolescent children.
Chasing the White "WHALE" A Case Study in Using iPads to Promote Active Learning

In order to encourage more active learning in the library classroom, the college librarians at the Tidewater Community College/City of Virginia Beach Joint Use Library turned one of their library instruction classrooms into a dynamic and flexible space using movable seating and iPads. This article explores the reasons for making such a change, the benefits of doing so, how the new classroom has affected librarians' teaching methods, and gives specific information about apps used for class activities.
Preservice and inservice teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and instructional planning in primary school mathematics

We studied relationships between mathematical knowledge, beliefs about teaching and learning, and instructional planning. We contrasted beliefs, mathematical knowledge, and skills of preservice teachers (n 47) with those of inservice teachers (n 31) at the primary school level. For both groups, participants were generally more constructivist than traditional in beliefs, and showed evidence of low conceptual knowledge in mathematics. Multiple regression analyses indicated different relationships between conceptual knowledge and constructivist beliefs for inservice versus preservice teachers. Conceptual knowledge played a strong role in instructional planning in mathematics. Implications for future research and teacher education are discussed based on these findings.
Co teachers' attitudes towards planning and instructional activities for students with disabilities

Co teaching is considered a means for improving the inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream classrooms. This research employs a mixed methods research approach to investigate teachers' attitudes towards co teaching practices for students with disabilities in Greek schools. In total, 400 co teachers completed a survey questionnaire and 10 of them participated in semi structured interviews, in which they reported co teaching practices with regard to planning and evaluation activities, co teaching models, content of teaching and instructional grouping arrangements. The participants stated that the time they spend to plan and evaluate together is insufficient and that they need more time to perform these activities. In addition, co teachers were found to use their limited time to separate rather than to co plan or evaluate co teaching activities. They reported inconsistencies in the rating of co teaching activities during planning and evaluation. Even though co teachers approved a specific stance towards all models of co teaching, they mainly noted that they implemented supportive co teaching. Also, they stated that they modify the content of teaching for their students with disabilities, but they limit this practice to individual teaching in order to assist these students to overcome specific difficulties. Finally, co teachers indicated that they prefer to teach the students with disabilities in mixed ability groups rather than to teach them individually out of the class. The results of this research support those of previous studies with regard to the planning needs of co teachers and the prevalence of the supportive co teaching model. In addition, our results inform the field about diverse approaches and inconsistencies in delivering the curriculum and the grouping arrangements for students with disabilities. We argue that professional development on the practical implementation of co teaching and administrative support are necessary to enhance co teachers' activities towards the development of an inclusive culture.
Parameter estimation of Japanese predicate argument structure analysis model using eye gaze information
Venue: COLING

In this paper, we propose utilising eye gaze information for estimating parameters of a Japanese predicate argument structure (PAS) analysis model. We employ not only linguistic information in the text, but also the information of annotator eye gaze during their annotation process. We hypothesise that annotator's frequent looks at certain candidates imply their plausibility of being the argument of the predicate. Based on this hypothesis, we consider annotator eye gaze for estimating the model parameters of the PAS analysis. The evaluation experiment showed that introducing eye gaze information increased the accuracy of the PAS analysis by 0.05 compared with the conventional methods.
Metabolic Control of Longevity
Venue: Cell

Several metabolic alterations accumulate over time along with a reduction in biological fitness, suggesting the existence of a "metabolic clock" that controls aging. Multiple inborn defects in metabolic circuitries accelerate aging, whereas genetic loci linked to exceptional longevity influence metabolism. Each of the nine hallmarks of aging is connected to undesirable metabolic alterations. The main features of the "westernized" lifestyle, including hypercaloric nutrition and sedentariness, can accelerate aging as they have detrimental metabolic consequences. Conversely, lifespan extending maneuvers including caloric restriction impose beneficial pleiotropic effects on metabolism. The introduction of strategies that promote metabolic fitness may extend healthspan in humans.
Long live FOXO: unraveling the role of FOXO proteins in aging and longevity
Venue: Aging cell

Aging constitutes the key risk factor for age related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Human longevity and healthy aging are complex phenotypes influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The fact that genetic contribution to lifespan strongly increases with greater age provides basis for research on which "protective genes" are carried by long lived individuals. Studies have consistently revealed FOXO (Forkhead box O) transcription factors as important determinants in aging and longevity. FOXO proteins represent a subfamily of transcription factors conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals that act as key regulators of longevity downstream of insulin and insulin like growth factor signaling. Invertebrate genomes have one FOXO gene, while mammals have four FOXO genes: FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. In mammals, this subfamily is involved in a wide range of crucial cellular processes regulating stress resistance, metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Their role in longevity determination is complex and remains to be fully elucidated. Throughout this review, the mechanisms by which FOXO factors contribute to longevity will be discussed in diverse animal models, from Hydra to mammals. Moreover, compelling evidence of FOXOs as contributors for extreme longevity and health span in humans will be addressed.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of Longevity and Aging
Venue: Cell

Aging is an inevitable outcome of life, characterized by progressive decline in tissue and organ function and increased risk of mortality. Accumulating evidence links aging to genetic and epigenetic alterations. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms, these pathways provide promising avenues for therapeutics against age related decline and disease. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic studies from invertebrate organisms, vertebrate models, tissues, and in vitro systems. We establish links between common operative aging pathways and hallmark chromatin signatures that can be used to identify "druggable" targets to counter human aging and age related disease.
Toward Smarter Lumping and Smarter Splitting: Rethinking Strategies for Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Trial Design.
Venue: American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

Both quality improvement and clinical research efforts over the past few decades have focused on consensus definition of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Although clinical definitions based on readily available clinical data have advanced recognition and timely use of broad supportive treatments, they likely hinder the identification of more targeted therapies that manipulate select biological mechanisms underlying critical illness. Sepsis and ARDS are by definition heterogeneous, and patients vary in both their underlying biology and their severity of illness. We have long been able to identify subtypes of sepsis and ARDS that confer different prognoses. The key is that we are now on the verge of identifying subtypes that may confer different response to therapy. In this perspective, inspired by a 2015 American Thoracic Society International Conference Symposium entitled "Lumpers and Splitters: Phenotyping in Critical Illness," we highlight promising approaches to uncovering patient subtypes that may predict treatment responsiveness and not just differences in prognosis. We then discuss how this information can be leveraged to improve the success and translatability of clinical trials by using predictive enrichment and other design strategies. Last, we discuss the challenges and limitations to identifying biomarkers and endotypes and incorporating them into routine clinical practice.