nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of rice bran and ground nut shell for the production of ethanol

January March 2016 202 JCPS Volume 9 Issue 1 Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of rice bran and ground nut shell for the production of ethanol William Johnson Arokiasamy, Vinoth Arulraj Joseph Xavier, Chozhavendhan Sivasankaran, Praveen Kumar Ramanujam, Sathish Alagurajan, Rahul Rajkumar Anna Bioresearch Foundation, Arunai Engineering College Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu.  E Mail: awilliamjoe@gmail.com  Ethanol is the most widely used liquid biofuels. It is an alcohol obtained from fermentation of sugars, starches or from cellulosic biomass. This research aims to develop and assess an enzyme based biomass to ethanol conversion process, which employs agricultural waste materials, as alternative sources of cellulosic material feedstock (rice bran and groundnut shells) Cellulase producing organism Aspergillus niger and ethanol producing organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used in this process to digest the cellulose and to convert them into alcohol. This method implies ethanol conversion in an easy, less expensive method. The cellulosic biomass is pretreated by acid and alkali methods. Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process is preferred for this production. The physio chemical parameters (pH and temperature) which influences the production of ethanol were optimized.
Correcting inequity: How the implementation of the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project in fact redresses past injustices Response to Chomba et al.

Chomba et al. recently examined at how present day actions can reinforce or aggravate historical injustices around land, and what should be done about it. The authors looked at the benefit distribution policy and practice of the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project (KCRP) in Kenya, with the aim of understanding the extent to which it addressed equity, particularly with respect to historical injustices concerning land in Kenya. We agree with Chomba et al. that land tenure in Kenya has involved dispossession enabled by colonial and post colonial land policies, which left many local people with little or no land entitlement. However, we strongly disagree with them when they argue that because the revenue distribution policy of the KCRP mapped onto the existing land distribution, it automatically reinforced inequality. In this response, we will highlight several important inaccuracies in their paper that may give a false impression of the KCRP, then broach some of these genuine and pressing land related issues which we felt Chomba et al. missed out elaborating on, which would have helped inform future policy around payment for environmental services schemes in Kenya and elsewhere.
Anonymous voting for multi dimensional CV quantum system*

We investigate the design of anonymous voting protocols, CV based binary valued ballot and CV based multi valued ballot with continuous variables (CV) in a multi dimensional quantum cryptosystem to ensure the security of voting procedure and data privacy. The quantum entangled states are employed in the continuous variable quantum system to carry the voting information and assist information transmission, which takes the advantage of the GHZ like states in terms of improving the utilization of quantum states by decreasing the number of required quantum states. It provides a potential approach to achieve the efficient quantum anonymous voting with high transmission security, especially in large scale votes.
Lexical Analysis of Student's Learning Activities during the Giving of Instructions for Note Taking in a Blended Learning Environment

Note taking activity affects student's learning performances in blended learning courses, which consist of face to face sessions and online learning materials. To promote the effectiveness of note taking, a lecturer gave students instructions during the course. According to the results of a lexical analysis of the contents of notes taken by students, the lecturer's instructions had a significant effect on some of the indices of features of notes taken. This effectiveness can be observed when the lecturer gives instructions as opposed to not giving them. Also, the relationships between student's characteristics and indices of features of content of notes taken were analyzed.
Prevalence of Walking Related Motor Fatigue in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Venue: Neurorehabilitation and neural repair

To investigate the individual occurrence of walking related motor fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) according to disability level and disease phenotype.  This was a cross sectional, multinational study.  They were 208 PwMS from 11 centers with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores up to 6.5.  The percentage change in distance walked (distance walked index, DWI) was calculated between minute 6 and 1 (DWI6 1) of the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Its magnitude was used to classify participants into 4 subgroups: (1) DWI6 1[=5% (2) DWI6 1[5% 5% (3) DWI6 1[ 5% 15% and (4) DWI6 1[ 15% The latter group was labeled as having walking related motor fatigue. PwMS were stratified into 5 subgroups based on the EDSS (0 2.5, 3 4, 4.5 5.5, 6, 6.5) and 3 subgroups based on MS phenotype (relapsing remitting [RR] primary progressive [PP] and secondary progressive [SP]  The DWI6 1 was =5% in 16 PwMS (7.7% between 5% and 5% in 70 PwMS (33.6% between 5% and 15% in 58 PwMS (24% and 15% in 64 PwMS (30.8% The prevalence of walking related motor fatigue (DWI6 1[ 15% was significantly higher among the progressive phenotype (PP 50% and SP 39% RR 15.6% and PwMS with higher disability level (EDSS 4.5 5.5 48.3% 6 46.3% and 6.5 51.5% compared with EDSS 0 2.5 7.8% and 3 4 16.7% P .05) Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that EDSS, but not MS phenotype, explained a significant part of the variance in DWI6 1 (R2 0.086; P .001)  More than one third of PwMS showed walking related motor fatigue during the 6MWT, with its prevalence greatest in more disabled persons (up to 51% and in those with progressive MS phenotype (up to 50% Identification of walking related motor fatigue may lead to better tailored interventions.
The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate

In information societies, operations, decisions and choices previously left to humans are increasingly delegated to algorithms, which may advise, if not decide, about how data should be interpreted and what actions should be taken as a result. More and more often, algorithms mediate social processes, business transactions, governmental decisions, and how we perceive, understand, and interact among ourselves and with the environment. Gaps between the design and operation of algorithms and our understanding of their ethical implications can have severe consequences affecting individuals as well as groups and whole societies. This paper makes three contributions to clarify the ethical importance of algorithmic mediation. It provides a prescriptive map to organise the debate. It reviews the current discussion of ethical aspects of algorithms. And it assesses the available literature in order to identify areas requiring further work to develop the ethics of algorithms.
Overview of the interactive task in BioCreative V
Venue: Database J. Biol. Databases Curation

Fully automated text mining (TM) systems promote efficient literature searching, retrieval, and review but are not sufficient to produce ready to consume curated documents. These systems are not meant to replace biocurators, but instead to assist them in one or more literature curation steps. To do so, the user interface is an important aspect that needs to be considered for tool adoption. The BioCreative Interactive task (IAT) is a track designed for exploring user system interactions, promoting development of useful TM tools, and providing a communication channel between the biocuration and the TM communities. In BioCreative V, the IAT track followed a format similar to previous interactive tracks, where the utility and usability of TM tools, as well as the generation of use cases, have been the focal points. The proposed curation tasks are user centric and formally evaluated by biocurators. In BioCreative V IAT, seven TM systems and 43 biocurators participated. Two levels of user participation were offered to broaden curator involvement and obtain more feedback on usability aspects. The full level participation involved training on the system, curation of a set of documents with and without TM assistance, tracking of time on task, and completion of a user survey. The partial level participation was designed to focus on usability aspects of the interface and not the performance per se. In this case, biocurators navigated the system by performing pre designed tasks and then were asked whether they were able to achieve the task and the level of difficulty in completing the task. In this manuscript, we describe the development of the interactive task, from planning to execution and discuss major findings for the systems tested.
PIPE: a protein protein interaction passage extraction module for BioCreative challenge
Venue: Database J. Biol. Databases Curation

Identifying the interactions between proteins mentioned in biomedical literatures is one of the frequently discussed topics of text mining in the life science field. In this article, we propose PIPE, an interaction pattern generation module used in the Collaborative Biocurator Assistant Task at BioCreative V (http:/www.biocreative.org/ to capture frequent protein protein interaction (PPI) patterns within text. We also present an interaction pattern tree (IPT) kernel method that integrates the PPI patterns with convolution tree kernel (CTK) to extract PPIs. Methods were evaluated on LLL, IEPA, HPRD50, AIMed and BioInfer corpora using cross validation, cross learning and cross corpus evaluation. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our method is effective and outperforms several well known PPI extraction methods.
BioCreative V BioC track overview: collaborative biocurator assistant task for BioGRID
Venue: Database J. Biol. Databases Curation

BioC is a simple XML format for text, annotations and relations, and was developed to achieve interoperability for biomedical text processing. Following the success of BioC in BioCreative IV, the BioCreative V BioC track addressed a collaborative task to build an assistant system for BioGRID curation. In this paper, we describe the framework of the collaborative BioC task and discuss our findings based on the user survey. This track consisted of eight subtasks including gene/protein/organism named entity recognition, protein protein/genetic interaction passage identification and annotation visualization. Using BioC as their data sharing and communication medium, nine teams, world wide, participated and contributed either new methods or improvements of existing tools to address different subtasks of the BioC track. Results from different teams were shared in BioC and made available to other teams as they addressed different subtasks of the track. In the end, all submitted runs were merged using a machine learning classifier to produce an optimized output. The biocurator assistant system was evaluated by four BioGRID curators in terms of practical usability. The curators' feedback was overall positive and highlighted the user friendly design and the convenient gene/protein curation tool based on text mining.
A New Model for Multi criteria ABC Inventory Classification: PROAFTN Method
Venue: KES

ABC analysis is one of the most widely used techniques in inventory management to classify items into three predefined and ordered categories: A (very important items) B (moderately important items) and C (relatively unimportant items) In the literature, most of existing classification models tackled the ABC inventory classification problem as a ranking problem, i.e. a set of inventory items are ranked in a deceasing order based on their performance expressed by an overall weighted score. In this paper, the ABC inventory classification problem will be tackled as an assignment problem, i.e. an inventory item will be classified to the category with which it has the most similar characteristics. For this purpose, the PROAFTN method will be used to classify each inventory item into a specific category. Since the application of PROAFTN method requires the knowledge of some parameter values (e.g. prototypes pessimistic intervals and discrimination thresholds) the Chebyshev's theorem is used for their estimation. To determine the performance of the PROAFTN model with respect to some existing models, a benchmark data set from the literature is used.
A request based adaptive beacon rate control scheme for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
Venue: 2016 Eighth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN)

From the decades ago, the ITS (Intelligent Traffic System) became one of the major research field. In order to save human lives, ITS safety applications collect various information from neighboring vehicles. For the ITS safety application, each vehicle periodically broadcasts beacon messages in order to update the information to the neighbors. However, due to the wireless nature of the ITS network, congestion declines performance of the safety application. Previous beacon transmission rate control schemes only focusing on the distributed beacon rate control which each individual node controls its beacon transmission with locally collected channel condition via one hop neighbors. However, channel condition detected among adjacent node can vary and adapted beacon transmission rate can be various either. This unfairness of number of beacon transmission will decrease awareness on the node which is less frequently transmitting beacon. In this paper, we proposed a request based beacon rate control scheme to alleviate the unfairness of beacon transmission rate while maximizing performance of vehicular safety applications.
Broadband Absorption Engineering to Enhance Light Absorption in Monolayer MoS2

Here we take a first step toward tackling the challenge of incomplete optical absorption in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides for conversion of photon energy, including solar, into other forms of energy. We present a monolayer MoS2 based photoelectrode architecture that exploits nanophotonic light management strategies to enhance absorption within the monolayer of MoS2, while simultaneously integrating an efficient charge carrier separation mechanism facilitated by a MoS2/NiOx heterojunction. Specifically, we demonstrate two extremely thin photoelectrode architectures for solar fuel generation: (i) a planar optical cavity architecture, MoS2/NiOx/Al, that improves optical impedance matching and (ii) an architecture employing plasmonic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) MoS2/Ag NPs/NiOx/Al, that further improves light absorption within the monolayer. We used a combination of numerical simulations, analytical models, and experimental optical characterizations to gain insights into the contributions
PERANCANGAN KOMIK STRIP SEBAGAI MEDIA LAYANAN MASYARAKAT UNTUK BIJAK DALAM BERSOSIAL MEDIA

Sosial media merupakan sebuah tempat di mana pengguna sosial media dapat berkumpul dan berinteraksi dengan pengguna sosial media lainnya secara online. Sosial media memberi kebebasan kepada pengguna untuk menulis, berbagi, dan kegiatan lainnya di halaman sosial media milik pengguna. Namun, kebebasan dalam penggunaan sosial media ini membuat oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab menggunakan sosial media sebagai tempat untuk menyebarkan kebohongan, kebencian, dan hal serupa lainnya. Penggunaan sosial media secara tidak bijak ini dapat merugikan orang lain. Pemerintah Indonesia telah membuat Undang Undang yang mengatur tentang penggunaan internet dan sosial media, yaitu Undang Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UU ITE) Perancangan komik strip ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan kesadaran terhadap pengguna sosial media, tentang pentingnya menggunakan sosial media secara bijak dan bertanggung jawab, sesuai dengan aturan yang telah ada di UU ITE.
Awareness and adoption level of fish farmers regarding recommended fish farming practices in Hafizabad, Pakistan

Food security for human beings on globe is becoming increasingly important on a worldwide level. Factors responsible for low fish production are lack of information, poor fisheries extension services, feed adulteration, low water quality, high construction cost and non availability of irrigation water. The present study was designed to investigate the adoption level of recommended fish production practices by the fish farmers in district Hafizabad. The data were collected from 135 fish farmers of Tehsil Hafizabad through validated and reliable interview schedule. The data were analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for computing results and drawing conclusions. From results, significant association was observed between socio economic characteristics such as age, education and size of land holdings of fish farmers and their awareness and adoption level regarding recommended fish farming practices. The interviewed respondents were mostly young, educated with sufficient resource capitals that are related to fisheries and agriculture. Most of the population (about 90% were aware of basic fish farming practices (nursery, feed, intercultural, fish rate, rice powder, fertilizer, harvest) and about half population was aware about the technicalities of quality production (water and soil quality) from which half had adopted that. All of the population was aware about and adopted recommended water application to pond. They were little known to few fish diseases (spot and kidney disease) as compared to having good knowledge and adoption about other major insects and pest attack. Constraining factors found were lack of information, poor fisheries extension services, uncertainty in the market, load shedding problem, impaired soil and water quality, feed adulteration, limited credit facilities, high construction cost, and non availability of irrigation water, which implies immediate efforts and enforced policies by the Fisheries Department to educate and facilitate fish farming process starting right from the farm development till marketing.
Lively commodities and encounter value

Rendering nonhuman life for sale is a fundamental facet of contemporary capitalism. Political economy extensively examines how nature is commodified but fails to analyse the difference liveliness of animals makes to processes of commodification. Drawing upon empirical work on lions and elephants in the political economies of tourism and biodiversity conservation in India, this paper proposes analytics for understanding commodification and accumulation in relational and less humanist terms. First, it develops Haraway's concepts of 'lively commodities' and 'encounter value' foregrounding animal ecologies to rework political economic categories of the commodity, labour and production in more than human terms. Second, it examines how lively commodities and encounter value configure political economies, mapping their specificities and economic potential. The paper advances potential diagnostics and vocabularies through which ecology and non dualist accounts of agency might be integrated into the nature as resources approach of political economy.
Are Safer Looking Neighborhoods More Lively? A Multimodal Investigation into Urban Life
Venue: ACM Multimedia

Policy makers, urban planners, architects, sociologists, and economists are interested in creating urban areas that are both lively and safe. But are the safety and liveliness of neighborhoods independent characteristics? Or are they just two sides of the same coin? In a world where people avoid unsafe looking places, neighborhoods that look unsafe will be less lively, and will fail to harness the natural surveillance of human activity. But in a world where the preference for safe looking neighborhoods is small, the connection between the perception of safety and liveliness will be either weak or nonexistent. In this paper we explore the connection between the levels of activity and the perception of safety of neighborhoods in two major Italian cities by combining mobile phone data (as a proxy for activity or liveliness) with scores of perceived safety estimated using a Convolutional Neural Network trained on a dataset of Google Street View images scored using a crowdsourced visual perception survey. We find that: (i) safer looking neighborhoods are more active than what is expected from their population density, employee density, and distance to the city centre; and (ii) that the correlation between appearance of safety and activity is positive, strong, and significant, for females and people over 50, but negative for people under 30, suggesting that the behavioral impact of perception depends on the demographic of the population. Finally, we use occlusion techniques to identify the urban features that contribute to the appearance of safety, finding that greenery and street facing windows contribute to a positive appearance of safety (in agreement with Oscar Newman's defensible space theory) These results suggest that urban appearance modulates levels of human activity and, consequently, a neighborhood's rate of natural surveillance.
Social learning research in ecological economics A survey

Social learning studies emerged as part of the ecological economics research agenda rather recently. Questions of how human societies and organisations learn and transition on the basis of environmental knowledge relate to the core ideas of ecological economics with its pluralistic understanding of human behaviour in contrast to the limited focus on incentive driven behaviour. Our study analyses the emergence and thematic foci of social learning studies within ecological economics over the past 15 years. We selected and analysed 54 articles published after peer review in established journals adhering to the epistemological tradition of ecological economics. This study is guided by the interest in how social learning is conceptualised, how this research is positioned in terms of process dynamics, causal factors and outcomes of learning. Results show, that the number of related papers grew substantially in recent years. Also the role of formal or informal institutions has been found to be a strong causal factor for social learning and change processes vis a vis technological, economic or political factors. In addition, there is a growing awareness of social learning processes in various environmental policy fields such as biodiversity governance, water and land management, fisheries, and climate adaptation. We conclude that these insights can give new impulses to research on socio ecological transition and to the related debate on societal change and transformation processes as core topics for ecological economics.
The ecological economics of land degradation: impacts on ecosystem service values.

We use two datasets to characterize impacts on ecosystem services. The first is a spatially explicit measure of the impact of human consumption or 'demand' on ecosystem services as measured by the human appropriation of net primary productivity (HANPP) derived from population distributions and aggregate national statistics. The second is an actual measure of loss of productivity or a proxy measure of 'supply' of ecosystem services derived from biophysical models, agricultural census data, and other empirical measures. This proxy measure of land degradation is the ratio of actual NPP to potential NPP. The HANPP dataset suggests that current 'demand' for NPP exceeds 'supply' at a corresponding ecosystem service value of $10.5 trillion per year. The land degradation measure suggests that we have lost $6.3 trillion per year of ecosystem service value to impaired ecosystem function. Agriculture amounts to 2.8% of global GDP. With global GDP standing at $63 trillion in 2010, all of agriculture represents $1.7 Trillion of the world's GDP. Our estimate of lost ecosystem services represent a significantly larger fraction ~10% of global GDP. This is one reason the economics of land degradation is about a lot more than the market value of agricultural products alone.