nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on Effect of Silica Fume on Properties of M40 Grade of Concrete

One of promising new field of science is nanotechnology. Concrete being one of the most largely used material is also being modified for the better by introduction of nanomaterials like nano silica, nano alumina etc. The present study incorporates silica fume as partial replacement of cement. In this study, properties such as Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural strength and Sulphate resistance of M40 grade of concrete using micro silica are studied. The cement (OPC Grade 43) was replaced by 0% 5% 8% 10% 12% and 15% silica fume. The cubical specimens of standard size (150mm) were casted and tested at 7, 14 and 28 days respectively to calculate compressive strength. The results showed that 8% replacement of cement by silica fume gave maximum compressive strength and beyond that compressive strength of the specimen decreased. For split tensile and flexural strength, cylindrical specimens (300x150) mm and beam specimens (750x150x150) mm were casted respectively. For sulphate resistance, cement is replaced by 0% 5% 8% and 15% silica fume and standard cubical specimens were casted. The tests for split tensile strength, flexural strength were performed on standard specimens at 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed Silica Fume has marginal effect on these properties. The cubical specimens were tested for sulphate resistance at 7, 28 and 56 days respectively. The results showed that 8% replacement of cement by Silica fume gives less loss of compressive strength at all ages.
Making the dead talk: alarm cue mediated antipredator behaviour and learning are enhanced when injured conspecifics experience high predation risk
Venue: Biology Letters

Due to the costs of antipredator behaviour, prey have the ability to finely modulate their response according to the risk they have experienced, and adjust it over different scales of ecological time. Information on which to base their responses can be obtained from direct experience, but also indirectly from nearby conspecifics. In aquatic environments, alarm cues from injured conspecifics are an important and reliable source of information about current predation risk. We used wood frog tadpoles, Lithobates sylvaticus, to investigate whether prey responses to alarm cues match the level of background predation risk experienced by injured conspecifics. We found that tadpoles exposed to alarm cues from conspecifics raised in a high risk environment showed a stronger antipredator response and an enhanced learned response to novel predators, when compared with tadpoles exposed to alarm cues from conspecifics raised in a low risk environment. Alarm cues not only allow prey to cope with an ongoing predation event, but also to adjust their behaviour to match background risk in the environment.
Living on the edge: how does environmental risk affect the behavioural and cognitive ecology of prey?
Venue: Animal Behaviour

Prey show remarkable plasticity across a range of traits that allow them to adapt to changes in predation risk in their local environment. While we know much about behavioural, morphological, physiological and life history responses, we know less about how background risk alters cognitive functioning related to risk assessment. Here, we exposed wood frog tadpoles, Lithobates sylvaticus, to high or low risk environments for 7 days. Following this, we exposed tadpoles to one of four treatments that either continued risk, ended risk, taught tadpoles to recognize a predator or provided a false predator learning control. Tadpoles were tested for responses to predator odour, alarm cues or water either 1 day or 11 days after conditioning ended. Comparisons between conditioning treatments and test odours allowed us to assess how background risk alters a range of cognitive functions relating to risk assessment. Tadpoles that experienced high background risk responded to alarm cues with a weaker response than low risk tadpoles, as predicted by the risk allocation hypothesis. High risk tadpoles also developed neophobic responses to novel odours, unlike low risk tadpoles, but displayed similar responses to a learned predator as tadpoles from low risk. When tested again 11 days later, high and low risk tadpoles responded equally across all treatments with the exception of learned predator responses, where high risk tadpoles still responded strongly to the predator odour, while low risk tadpoles did not. Our results demonstrate that recent experience with risk induces short term cognitive plasticity in a number of functions related to risk assessment.
Diet cues alter the development of predator recognition templates in tadpoles
Venue: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Recognising predators accurately is key to making fine scale adjustments to behaviour that enhance survival and maximise overall fitness for prey. Prey incorporate information from specific predator features in order to recognise predators and the risk they pose. For olfactory cues, prey can use both predator odour and diet cues to recognise predators. The role of diet cues in predator recognition has only been tested when they provide information about risk and act as an unconditioned stimulus. Thus, it is unclear whether prey use diet cues in the development of more general predator recognition templates. Here, we tested whether diet cues that contain no apparent information about the prey's vulnerability to the predator are used by prey when they learn to recognise predators. We trained predator naive wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus) to recognise the odour of a novel crayfish (Orconectes virilis) as risky by pairing tadpole alarm cues with the odour of crayfish fed one of two diets: alfalfa pellets or earthworms (Lumbricus sp. We tested tadpoles from each group for their response to one of the two crayfish diet odour combinations or a water control. Tadpoles displayed antipredator responses to crayfish odour, irrespective of diet. However, their responses were stronger when tadpoles were exposed to crayfish fed the same diet as during training. Such results demonstrate that diet cues play a previously unrecognised but subtle role in predator recognition and suggest that flexibility in prey choice can lead to an advantage for the predator.Significance statementRecognising predators and the threat they pose is critical for prey to adjust their behaviour in response to fluctuations in predation risk. There is therefore a need to understand how prey use different cues to develop effective recognition templates that allow for threat sensitive adjustments to behaviour. Here, we demonstrate that diet cues of predators contribute to the development of predator recognition templates by prey. These results provide new information about how prey develop recognition templates for predators and that, by incorporating diet cues, they are able to adjust their responses to variable risk posed by different predators within a population. Additionally, we suggest that generalist diets may provide unrecognised benefits to predators when switching between prey types.
Low Dimensional Modeling of Transient Two Phase Flow in Pipelines

Presented are reduced order models of one dimensional transient two phase gas liquid flow in pipelines. The proposed model is comprised of a steady state multiphase flow mechanistic model in series with a transient single phase flow model in transmission lines. The steady state model used in our formulation is a multiphase flow mechanistic model. This model captures the steady state pressure drop and liquid holdup estimation for all pipe inclinations. Our implementation of this model will be validated against the Stanford University multiphase flow database. The transient portion of our model is based on a transmission line modal model. The model parameters are realized by developing equivalent fluid properties that are a function of the steady state pressure gradient and liquid holdup identified through the mechanistic model. The model ability to reproduce the dynamics of multiphase flow in pipes is evaluated upon comparison to olga, a commercial multiphase flow dynamic code, using different gas volume fractions (GVF) The two models show a good agreement of the steady state response and the frequency of oscillation indicating a similar estimation of the transmission line natural frequency. However, they present a discrepancy in the overshoot values and the settling time due to a difference in the calculated damping ratio. The utility of the developed low dimensional model is the reduced computational burden of estimating transient multiphase flow in transmission lines, thereby enabling real time estimation of pressure and flow rate.
Generation Z And Its Perception Of Work

One of the major demograhic phenomenon registered in the present times is represented by the aging of the Romanian population and, consequently, of the workforce, this issue having several implications for the human resource management in organizations. As generation Z prepares to enter the labor market, managers will be facing a set of generational differences between their employees. As a result, the paper presents the characteristics of generation Z, as highlighted by recent studies. Moreover, the paper presents the results of a survey based on a questionnaire adressed to university students, members of generation Z. The results of the study highlight generation Z perception of the ideal workplace and working conditions, the main priorities in selecting a job and its career expectations and aspirations. The implications of the study, as well as future research directions are discussed.
Y and Z Generations at Workplaces

At present, more and more researches deals with the characteristic features of generation Y and generation Z. As it is about the present and future generations, corporate success and the competitive operation are determined by the behaviour of these generations in the long run. Researches justifies that there are significant differences between the two generations despite the similarities. These differences appear rather emphasized in the corporate environment when several questions arise at workplaces in the process of cooperation especially in the field of knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer regarding the characteristics of the two generations. Last year, the authors carried out a quantitative research by questionnaires in order to reveal what the managing of these two generations mean for the managers and also what difficulties occur when the two generations cooperate with each other and with elder generations as well. The main question of the research was how to approach the new generations from the view of HR? Although the research cannot be considered representative (410 respondents participated in the survey) it can give a picture about the examined issues. The hypothesis phrased by the authors was justified according to which of the HR activities have to adapt to the requirements of the new generations upon their appearance.
Blockchain based sharing services: What blockchain technology can contribute to smart cities

BackgroundThe notion of smart city has grown popular over the past few years. It embraces several dimensions depending on the meaning of the word "smart" and benefits from innovative applications of new kinds of information and communications technology to support communal sharing.MethodsBy relying on prior literature, this paper proposes a conceptual framework with three dimensions: (1) human, (2) technology, and (3) organization, and explores a set of fundamental factors that make a city smart from a sharing economy perspective.ResultsUsing this triangle framework, we discuss what emerging blockchain technology may contribute to these factors and how its elements can help smart cities develop sharing services.ConclusionsThis study discusses how blockchain based sharing services can contribute to smart cities based on a conceptual framework. We hope it can stimulate interest in theory and practice to foster discussions in this area.
Bitcoin NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol
Venue: NSDI

Cryptocurrencies, based on and led by Bitcoin, have shown promise as infrastructure for pseudonymous online payments, cheap remittance, trustless digital asset exchange, and smart contracts. However, Bitcoin derived blockchain protocols have inherent scalability limits that trade off between throughput and latency and withhold the realization of this potential. This paper presents Bitcoin NG, a new blockchain protocol designed to scale. Based on Bitcoin's blockchain protocol, Bitcoin NG is Byzantine fault tolerant, is robust to extreme churn, and shares the same trust model obviating qualitative changes to the ecosystem. In addition to Bitcoin NG, we introduce several novel metrics of interest in quantifying the security and efficiency of Bitcoin like blockchain protocols. We implement Bitcoin NG and perform large scale experiments at 15% the size of the operational Bitcoin system, using unchanged clients of both protocols. These experiments demonstrate that Bitcoin NG scales optimally, with bandwidth limited only by the capacity of the individual nodes and latency limited only by the propagation time of the network.
MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management
Venue: 2016 2nd International Conference on Open and Big Data (OBD)

Years of heavy regulation and bureaucratic inefficiency have slowed innovation for electronic medical records (EMRs) We now face a critical need for such innovation, as personalization and data science prompt patients to engage in the details of their healthcare and restore agency over their medical data. In this paper, we propose MedRec: a novel, decentralized record management system to handle EMRs, using blockchain technology. Our system gives patients a comprehensive, immutable log and easy access to their medical information across providers and treatment sites. Leveraging unique blockchain properties, MedRec manages authentication, confidentiality, accountability and data sharing crucial considerations when handling sensitive information. A modular design integrates with providers' existing, local data storage solutions, facilitating interoperability and making our system convenient and adaptable. We incentivize medical stakeholders (researchers, public health authorities, etc. to participate in the network as blockchain "miners" This provides them with access to aggregate, anonymized data as mining rewards, in return for sustaining and securing the network via Proof of Work. MedRec thus enables the emergence of data economics, supplying big data to empower researchers while engaging patients and providers in the choice to release metadata. The purpose of this short paper is to expose, prior to field tests, a working prototype through which we analyze and discuss our approach.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN UKURAN DEWAN PENGAWAS SYARIAH TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN ISLAMIC SOCIAL REPORTING (Studi Empiris Pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia Tahun 2010 2014)

This study aims to examines the influence firm size, profitability, leverage and sharia supervisory board size to the Islamic Social Reporting disclosure. The population of this research are all of Islamic Banks in Indonesia in 2010 2014. The method of determining the sample is by using purposive sampling method and obtained 45 observations. The data processing method used in this study is the multiple regression analysis with the help of a computer program SPSS version 17.0. The result of this study indicates: (1) firm size has a significant influence toward the Islamic Social Reporting disclosure with significance value 0,000, (2) leverage has a significant influence toward the the Islamic Social Reporting disclosure with significance value 0,002, (3) sharia supervisory board size has a significant influence toward the Islamic Social Reporting disclosure with significance value 0,006, (4) but profitability does not have a significant influence toward the Islamic Social Reporting disclosure. The magnitude of the effect (R2) of firm size, profitability, leverage and sharia supervisory board size to the Islamic Social Reporting disclosure is 67,8% while the remaining 32,2% is influenced by other independent variabels that are not observeved in this study.  Islamic social reporting disclosure, firm size, profitability, leverage, and sharia supervisory board size.
Aqueous extract of Lithospermi radix attenuates oxaliplatin induced neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models
Venue: BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

BackgroundOxaliplatin can induce peripheral neuropathy (OXIPN) as an adverse side effect in cancer patients. Until now, no effective preventive or therapeutic drug has been developed; therefore, the dose limiting factor of OXIPN is still an obstacle in the use of oxaliplatin to treat cancer patients. In the present study, we report for the first time that the aqueous extract of Lithospermi radix (WLR) can attenuate the OXIPN in both in vitro and in vivo neuropathic models.MethodsThe protective effect of WLR on OXIPN was evaluated in vitro by quantifying nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells treated with a combination of oxaliplatin and WLR. The neuroprotective potential of WLR was further confirmed by measuring the changes in nociceptive sensitivities to external mechanical stimuli in neuropathic animals induced by oxaliplatin. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were further done to examine the effect of WLR in mouse spinal cords and footpads.ResultsOxaliplatin induced neurotoxicity in NGF stimulated PC12 cells. It could reduce the lengths and branching numbers of neuritis in NGF stimulated PC12 cells. Co treatment of WLR rescued the differentiated PC12 cells from the neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin. In a chronic OXIPN animal model, administration of oxaliplatin i.p. induced enhanced nociceptive sensitivity to mechanical stimuli (25.0 to 72.5 of response rate) along with spinal activation of microglias and astrocytes and loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers in footpads, which is remarkably suppressed by oral administration of WLR (67.5 to 35 of response rate at the end of experiment) Cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin determined in human cancer cells was not affected irrespective of the presence of WLR.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we demonstrated that WLR can attenuate OXIPN in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, which may be in part attributed to its anti inflammatory activity in the spinal cord and its neuroprotective potential in the peripheral nerve system without affecting the anti tumor potential of oxaliplatin. Therefore, WLR could be considered as a good starting material to develop a novel therapeutic agent targeting OXIPN. However, further studies should be done to elucidate the underlying mechanism such as molecular targets and active constituent(s) in WLR with neuroprotective potential.
Pharmacogenetic Discovery in CALGB (Alliance) 90401 and Mechanistic Validation of a VAC14 Polymorphism that Increases Risk of Docetaxel Induced Neuropathy
Venue: Clinical Cancer Research

Discovery of SNPs that predict a patient's risk of docetaxel induced neuropathy would enable treatment individualization to maximize efficacy and avoid unnecessary toxicity. The objectives of this analysis were to discover SNPs associated with docetaxel induced neuropathy and mechanistically validate these associations in preclinical models of drug induced neuropathy.  A genome wide association study was conducted in metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone and randomized to bevacizumab or placebo on CALGB 90401. SNPs were genotyped on the Illumina HumanHap610 Quad platform followed by rigorous quality control. The inference was conducted on the cumulative dose at occurrence of grade 3+ sensory neuropathy using a cause specific hazard model that accounted for early treatment discontinuation. Genes with SNPs significantly associated with neuropathy were knocked down in cellular and mouse models of drug induced neuropathy.  A total of 498,081 SNPs were analyzed in 623 Caucasian patients, 50 (8% of whom experienced grade 3+ neuropathy. The 1,000 SNPs most associated with neuropathy clustered in relevant pathways including neuropathic pain and axonal guidance. An SNP in VAC14 (rs875858) surpassed genome wide significance (P 2.12 x 10 8, adjusted P 5.88 x 10 7) siRNA knockdown of VAC14 in stem cell derived peripheral neuronal cells increased docetaxel sensitivity as measured by decreased neurite processes (P 0.0015) and branches (P 0.0001) Prior to docetaxel treatment, VAC14 heterozygous mice had greater nociceptive sensitivity than wild type litter mate controls (P 0.001)  VAC14 should be prioritized for further validation of its potential role as a predictor of docetaxel induced neuropathy and biomarker for treatment individualization.
Limitations of the Pub/Sub pattern for cloud based IoT and their implications
Venue: 2016 Cloudification of the Internet of Things (CIoT)

The current approach to roll out large scale IoT systems is to outsource the crucial parts of the system to cloud based services, such as message brokerage, devices management, or sensor data storage and processing. One core protocol for messaging in those settings is the widely adopted publish/subscribe protocol MQTT. Pub/sub protocols, however, were not designed for this particular scenario and have decoupling properties that make some common task in IoT settings more challenging to achieve. It is, for instance, not straightforward to discover potential publishers of sensor data or to give guarantees that all, a certain number or at least one subscriber of a certain set of possible subscribers will received a message. Because they are missing in the standard, different approaches and implementations tackling those challenges will lead to incompatibilities between users of different systems. In this work, we therefore give an overview of the challenges with discovery and guaranteed delivery to a certain number of subscribers over pub/sub networks in IoT settings and present different possible solutions. We give advice on which implementation is useful under which circumstances and provide a proof of concept that can be used with little adaption for enabling discovery and reliability in MQTT.
NDN Based Pub/Sub System for Scalable IoT Cloud
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom)

The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently become mainstream, different from the incomplete realization of ubiquitous computing, sensor networks, and others in past that commonly shared the notion of visionary hyper connectivity, i.e. everything is connected. Among many, one significant reason for this achievement of IoT is the nowadays availability of cloud computing which can cost effectively deal with the sheer number of globally distributed devices and data generated from those devices. In this paper, we address the issue of IoT scalability in cloud environments by proposing the unique integration scheme between pub/sub systems and Named Data Networking (NDN) While the pub/sub architecture has been applied in modern IoT cloud platforms, its implementation and deployment practice have not been fully studied for large scale IoT applications. Our approach concentrates on how to leverage the essential scalability of NDN for building pub/sub systems, thereby achieving scalable IoT cloud services.