nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
How the host nation's boundary drawing affects immigrants' belonging

Across Western democracies, the place for newcomers in the host society is debated, involving often a questioning of immigrants' belonging to their new nation. This article argues that immigrants' feeling of host national belonging depends on how the host nation imagines its community and its concomitant boundaries. Utilising survey and country level data in multilevel regressions, immigrants' belonging is found to vary significantly across the 19 countries included. A central contribution is the finding that citizenship policies do not explain this cross national variation. Instead, what matters is the informal boundary drawing produced in the majority population's conception of what is important for being part of the national 'us' Thus, immigrants' belonging is significantly greater when the majority population prioritises attainable criteria of national membership. In addition, these priorities are shown to have deep historical roots as immigrants' belonging is greater in settler countries and in nations which democratised early. By showing that national imageries have consequences for a country's welcoming capacities, and by showing that these welcoming capacities are historically path dependent, the study contributes to the debate within nationalism studies about national identity's causal significance.
Why do majority members prefer immigrants who adopt the host culture? The role of perceived identification with the host nation

Research has shown that members of the national majority group generally consider host culture adoption by immigrants as desirable. However, so far, this positive effect of perceived host culture adoption on attitudes toward immigrants has not been explained. We argue that majority members infer national identification of immigrants from their cultural adoption. Moreover, we predict that this inference should decrease majority members' feeling of ingroup threat, therefore also improving their attitudes toward immigrants. We conducted two experimental studies. In Study 1, majority members who were presented an immigrant group that adopted the host culture held more positive attitudes than those who were presented one that disregarded it. In line with our hypothesis, this effect was fully mediated by perceived identification of the immigrants with the host nation, itself decreasing perception of ingroup threat. Study 2 reproduced the same experimental design, but used descriptions of individual immigrants' acculturation strategies, and the immigrant group's status valued vs. devalued origin was also manipulated. In addition, Study 2 focused on dimensions of the "Big Two" of social perception. Results replicated the mediational effect of perceived identification on attribution of both warmth and competence traits. The status manipulation had no significant effect and did not interact with cultural adoption. These two studies provide robust evidence that perception of host nation identification explains the effects of perceived cultural adoption on attitudes towards immigrants.
A Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Network Based Design for Manufacturability Framework
Venue: ArXiv

Deep 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNN) are traditionally used for object recognition, video data analytics and human gesture recognition. In this paper, we present a novel application of 3D CNNs in understanding difficultto manufacture features from computer aided design (CAD) models to develop a decision support tool for cyber enabled manufacturing. Traditionally, design for manufacturability (DFM) rules are hand crafted and used to accelerate the engineering product design cycle by integrating manufacturability analysis during the design stage. Such a practice relies on the experience and training of the designer to create a complex component that is manufacturable. However, even after careful design, the inclusion of certain features might cause the part to be non manufacturable. In this paper, we develop a framework using Deep 3D CNNs to learn salient features from a CAD model of a mechanical part and determine if the part can be manufactured or not. CAD models of different manufacturable and nonmanufacturable parts are generated using a solid modeling kernel and then converted into 3D voxel data using a fast GPU accelerated voxelization algorithm. The voxel data is used to train a 3D CNN model for manufacturability classification. Feature space and filter visualization is also performed to understand the learning capability in the context of manufacturability features. We demonstrate that the proposed 3D CNN based DFM framework is able to learn the DFM rules for non manufacturable features without a human prior. The framework can be extended to identify a large variety of difficult to manufacture features at multiple spatial scales leading to a real time decision support system for DFM.
Learning Localized Geometric Features Using 3D CNN: An Application to Manufacturability Analysis of Drilled Holes

3D convolutional neural networks (3D CNN) have been used for object recognition based on the voxelized shape of an object. In this paper, we present a 3D CNN based method to learn distinct local geometric features of interest within an object. In this context, the voxelized representation may not be sufficient to capture the distinguishing information about such local features. To enable efficient learning, we augment the voxel data with surface normals of the object boundary. We then train a 3D CNN with this augmented data and identify the local features critical for decision making using 3D gradient weighted class activation maps. An application of this feature identification framework is to recognize difficult to manufacture drilled hole features in a complex CAD geometry. The framework can be extended to identify difficult to manufacture features at multiple spatial scales leading to a real time decision support system for design for manufacturability.
Prevalence of Ectoparasites of Ruminants in Tehsil Nikayal, District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

This study was conducted to determine seasonal prevalence of ectoparasites of ruminants in Tehsil Nikayal, District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Surveys were carried out from July 2015 to December 2015. A total of 200 animals were selected randomly observed for prevalence of ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were collected from parts including inside the ears, on tail, undersides the neck and belly sides and stored in 70% ethyl alcohol. The highest prevalence of ectoparasites was 7.5% during the month of July followed by 6% during August, 6% September, 4.5% October, 1.5% November and 0.5% during December. The results showed that ectoparasites were more prevalent during summer months than winter months. It is concluded that integrated control measures with sustainable veterinary services should be planned to reduce ectoparasite numbers and impact on the productivity and health status of ruminants.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Steady Flow Approximation
Venue: KDD

In aerodynamics related design, analysis and optimization problems, flow fields are simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers. However, CFD simulation is usually a computationally expensive, memory demanding and time consuming iterative process. These drawbacks of CFD limit opportunities for design space exploration and forbid interactive design. We propose a general and flexible approximation model for real time prediction of non uniform steady laminar flow in a 2D or 3D domain based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) We explored alternatives for the geometry representation and the network architecture of CNNs. We show that convolutional neural networks can estimate the velocity field two orders of magnitude faster than a GPU accelerated CFD solver and four orders of magnitude faster than a CPU based CFD solver at a cost of a low error rate. This approach can provide immediate feedback for real time design iterations at the early stage of design. Compared with existing approximation models in the aerodynamics domain, CNNs enable an efficient estimation for the entire velocity field. Furthermore, designers and engineers can directly apply the CNN approximation model in their design space exploration algorithms without training extra lower dimensional surrogate models.
Event Based Hough Transform in a Spiking Neural Network for Multiple Line Detection and Tracking Using a Dynamic Vision Sensor
Venue: BMVC

Hough Transform has been widely used to detect lines in images captured by conventional cameras. In this paper, we develop an event based Hough transform and apply it to a new type of camera, namely Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) DVS outputs an asynchronous stream of binary events representing illumination change in the scene. We implement the proposed algorithm in a spiking neural network to detect lines on DVS output. Spikes (events) from the DVS sensor are first mapped to Hough transform parameter space and then sent to corresponding spiking neurons for accumulation. A spiking neuron will fire an output spike once it accumulates enough input contributions and then reset itself. The output spikes of the spiking neural network represent the parameters of detected lines. An event based clustering algorithm is applied on the parameter space spikes to segment multiple lines and track them. In our spiking neural network, a lateral inhibition strategy is applied to suppress noise lines from being detected. This is achieved by resetting a neuron's neighbors in addition to itself once the neuron fires an output spike. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is shown by extensive experiments on both artificially generated events and various real DVS outputs.
Data Driven Numerical Modelling in Geodynamics: Methods and Applications

In this chapter, we introduce direct and inverse problems as well as welland ill posed problems, which are characterised by the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the problem solution. We present some examples of unstable problems and discuss the basic elements in forward and backward numerical modelling and the errors associated with the modelling. Finally we briefly review the methods for data assimilation used in geodynamic modelling.
Exploring high dimensional free energy landscapes: Temperature accelerated sliced sampling

Biased sampling of collective variables is widely used to accelerate rare events in molecular simulations and to explore free energy surfaces. However, computational efficiency of these methods decreases with increasing number of collective variables, which severely limits the predictive power of the enhanced sampling approaches. Here we propose a method called Temperature Accelerated Sliced Sampling (TASS) that combines temperature accelerated molecular dynamics with umbrella sampling and metadynamics to sample the collective variable space in an efficient manner. The presented method can sample a large number of collective variables and is advantageous for controlled exploration of broad and unbound free energy basins. TASS is also shown to achieve quick free energy convergence and is practically usable with ab initio molecular dynamics techniques.
Leibniz versus Ishiguro: Closing a Quarter Century of Syncategoremania
Venue: HOPOS: The Journal of the International Society for the History of Philosophy of Science

Did Leibniz exploit infinitesimals and infinities a la rigueur or only as shorthand for quantified propositions that refer to ordinary Archimedean magnitudes? Hide Ishiguro defends the latter position, which she reformulates in terms of Russellian logical fictions. Ishiguro does not explain how to reconcile this interpretation with Leibniz's repeated assertions that infinitesimals violate the Archimedean property (i.e. Euclid's Elements, V.4) We present textual evidence from Leibniz, as well as historical evidence from the early decades of the calculus, to undermine Ishiguro's interpretation. Leibniz frequently writes that his infinitesimals are useful fictions, and we agree, but we show that it is best not to understand them as logical fictions; instead, they are better understood as pure fictions.
The Drive to Read: Freud, Oedipus and Ishiguro's The Unconsoled

Inevitably, as readers, we encounter a text we don't fully comprehend. Consider Kazuo Ishiguro's The Unconsoled, for example. This book, though lengthy, is not particularly difficult to read, and its relatively straightforward plot is easy to recount Ryder, a renowned pianist, arrives at a city in crisis somewhere in central Europe, where, in a few days' time, he will give a recital upon which the future of the city depends. What the members of the audience hear on that Thursday night will either restore their faith in their aesthetic judgement, and their belief in their society as a whole, or else will reveal to them their regressive nature. Ryder, having mislaid his schedule, and afraid to lose face before those who idolize him, will bluff and brazen his way through engagements for which he is unprepared, or even misses altogether, as he is constantly diverted from his itinerary by private matters and yet, though this brief retelling of the novel suggests a fairly engaged reading, it does not necessarily mean understanding it. This is because the world of The Unconsoled is marked by a bizarrely surreal nature which disorients and unsettles. Riddled throughout with peculiarities, the text confronts the reader with three especially inexplicable characteristics, all of which are evident even in the first chapter. The first is Ryder's lack of certain knowledge, which has him entering a hotel on the book's first page knowing nothing of the details of the days ahead (though he has a faint recollection of that mislaid schedule) 1 The second remarkable feature is the apparent distortion of time and space: people appear where previously there were none, 2 and buildings many miles apart suddenly adjoin each other, or reveal themselves to be, in fact, the same building. Finally, despite the firstperson narration, Ryder often provides us with information to which he could not be expected to have access, as if seeing through disembodied eyes.
Unsettling environments: new pastorals in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go and Sarah Hall's The Carhullan Army

This paper addresses the persistence of pastoral in contemporary British writing in conjunction with classical and contemporary pastoral writing and theory. The paper argues that the pastoral continues to be used to represent and reflect upon the British landscape and the relationships between people and place that it comprises in the twenty first century. However, brought into new contexts by contemporary environmental concerns, it is being put to new uses, and adapted into new forms in these instances. Critics of pastoral have been sceptical of its continuing relevance since at least the 1970s, including Raymond Williams's critique of the social, political and ecological glosses of the 'enamelled' depictions of people and places in pastoral in The Country and the City and the argument against its distinction from the realities of contemporary life made by John Barrell and John Bull in The Penguin Book of Pastoral Verse. Whilst Leo Marx suggested in his 1992 essay 'Does pastoralism have a future? that the 'wholly new conception of the precariousness of our relations with nature is bound to bring forth new versions of pastoral' attempts to recover the critical potential of the mode in the context of environmental concerns by critics such as Lawrence Buell have rightly received criticism for the selective versions of the mode that they appear to depend upon. Here, I argue that contemporary versions of the mode are constructed with these criticisms in mind in order to approach environmental concerns. Further, I argue that to do so, these versions employ aspects of the mode picked up by critics of its classical versions: specifically, its 'discontinuously mimetic' character recognised by Charles Martindale in his analysis of Virgil's Eclogues in 'Green Politics: the Eclogues' and the 'fundamental' 'tension between what is being represented and the act of representation' highlighted by Kathryn Gutzwiller in Theocritus' Pastoral Analogies: The Formation of a Genre. The capacity of these aspects of the mode to unsettle expectations of people and place is taken up in order to highlight and question the ways that they may be seen and understood. I argue that these ideas can be seen to inform uses of pastoral in Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go and Sarah Hall's The Carhullan Army. Accounting for ecocritical perspectives upon the mode by critics including Greg Garrard, Terry Gifford and Martin Ryle, I will argue that in these examples, new uses for and new formations of the pastoral tradition can be seen to emerge to depict, query and challenge contemporary understandings of people and place.
Effects of Dietary Fiber on Gut Retention Time in Captive Macaca cyclopis, Macaca fascicularis, Hylobates lar, and Pongo pygmaeus and the Germination of Ingested Seeds
Venue: International Journal of Primatology

Gut retention time (GRT) defined as the time needed for seeds to pass the digestive tracts of consumers, can affect the germination rates of ingested seeds. GRT can vary with the amount of dietary fiber consumed by primates. We investigated how dietary fiber affects GRT in captive individuals of four hindgut fermenting primate species: macaques (Macaca cyclopis and Macaca fascicularis) gibbons (Hylobates lar) and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) We used Hylocereus undatus seeds as markers to measure GRT in each species when fed high (18 22% and low (14 16% fiber diets. We also examined the effect of GRT on seed germination in Ficus septica and Trema orientalis (germination time: mean SE 10.4 0.3, 86.9 2.5 days, respectively) by comparing these seeds with the pulp removed, as a control. We found that GRT was longer when gibbons and orangutans fed on a high fiber diet than on a low fiber diet, but this was not the case for macaques. The percentage germination of ingested F. septica seeds was lower and germination time was longer than the control. T. orientalis seeds were less likely to germinate than control seeds were but did so more quickly if they did germinate after passing through M. cyclopis and P. pygmaeus. GRT decreased the germination rate of seeds of F. septica, but not seeds of T. orientalis. Together our results suggest that the effect of dietary fiber on GRT differs among primate species, and that the effect of such differences in GRT varies with the seed species they swallow.
'Something normal in a very, very abnormal environment' Nursing work to honour the life of dying infants and children in neonatal and paediatric intensive care in Australia.
Venue: Intensive critical care nursing

The majority of deaths of children and infants occur in paediatric and neonatal intensive care settings. For nurses, managing an infant/child's deterioration and death can be very challenging. Nurses play a vital role in how the death occurs, how families are supported leading up to and after the infant/child's death. This paper describes the nurses' endeavours to create normality amidst the sadness and grief of the death of a child in paediatric and neonatal ICU. Focus groups and individual interviews with registered nurses from NICU and PICU settings gathered data on how neonatal and paediatric intensive care nurses care for families when a child dies and how they perceived their ability and preparedness to provide family care. Four themes emerged from thematic analysis: (1) respecting the child as a person; (2) creating opportunities for family involvement/connection; (3) collecting mementos; and (4) planning for death. Many of the activities described in this study empowered parents to participate in the care of their child as death approached. Further work is required to ensure these principles are translated into practice.
Fractal and twin SVM based handgrip recognition for healthy subjects and trans radial amputees using myoelectric signal
Venue: Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering

Identifying functional handgrip patterns using surface electromygram (sEMG) signal recorded from amputee residual muscle is required for controlling the myoelectric prosthetic hand. In this study, we have computed the signal fractal dimension (FD) and maximum fractal length (MFL) during different grip patterns performed by healthy and transradial amputee subjects. The FD and MFL of the sEMG, referred to as the fractal features, were classified using twin support vector machines (TSVM) to recognize the handgrips. TSVM requires fewer support vectors, is suitable for data sets with unbalanced distributions, and can simultaneously be trained for improving both sensitivity and specificity. When compared with other methods, this technique resulted in improved grip recognition accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, and this improvement was significant (k=0.91)
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ARGUMENT BASED SCIENCE INQUIRY (ABSI) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI DAN KEMAMPUAN BERARGUMENTASI SISWA SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran ABSI terhadap kemampuan memahami dan kemampuan berargumentasi siswa, serta mengetahui hubungan kemampuan memahami dengan kemampuan berargumentasi siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre experiment dengan desain one group pretest posttest design. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI di MAN Pamekasan Jawa Timur. Sampel sebanyak satu kelas yang dipilih secara cluster random sampling. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan memahami, tes kemampuan berargumentasi dan format observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah effect size, uji korelasi, serta keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran ABSI mempengaruhi kemampuan memahami dengan nilai effect size sebesar 4,78 dengan kategori sangat besar, serta meningkatkan kemampuan memahami siswa dengan nilai sebesar 0,74 atau pada kategori tinggi. Selain itu model ABSI juga mempengaruhi kemampuan berargumentasi siswa dengan nilai effect size sebesar 5,80 dengan kategori sangat besar, serta meningkatkan kemampuan berargumentasi siswa dengan nilai sebesar 0,85 atau pada kategori tinggi. Serta, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara kemampuan memahami dengan kemampuan berargumentasi siswa dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,725.  Model pembelajaran Argument Based Science Inquiry (ABSI) kemampuan memahami, kemampuan berargumentasi. This study aims to gain an overview the implementation of argument based science inquiry (ABSI) intructional model to understanding abilities and argumentation abilities students, and also to determine the correlation between understanding abilities and argumentation abilities. The method used pre experimental with one group pretest posttest design. The population is students in XI class MAN Pamekasan, East Java. Sample is a class selected by cluster random sampling. Instrument of this research is test of understanding abilities, test of argumentation abilities, and observation format feasibility instructional. Analysis data technique used to effect size, and while to knowing the ABSI used The results showed an implementation of ABSI intructional model influence to understanding abilities value of effect size is 4,78 or include in very big category and increase in students' understanding abilities value of is 0.74 or include in high category. In addition ABSI influence also to argumentation abilities value of effect size is 5,80 on include in very big category and increase students' argumentation abilities value of is 0.85 or include in high category. In addition, the results also showed that there is a strong relationship between the understanding abilities and the argumentation abilities correlation value is 0.725. Keyword:Argument Based Science Inquiry Intructional Model, Understanding Abilities,