nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon tax, emission trading, or the mixed policy: which is the most effective strategy for climate change mitigation in China?
Venue: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

China, as the world's largest emitter, intends to achieve the peaking of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions around 2030 and to make best efforts to peak early to mitigate global change. Under this strategy, a dynamic, recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is used to analyze the economy, energy, and environment impact of CO2 emission reduction policy based on 17 scenarios in China: carbon tax, emission trading scheme (ETS) and the mixed policy in different price level, in order to find out which kind of emission reduction strategy is more feasible. The results show that CO2 emission in 2030 will be reduced with the implementation of tax, ETS and mixed policy, by 10 13 12 14 and 18 28 respectively. From 2016 to 2030, China can reduce 18,338 24,156 Mt CO2 through the implementation of mixed policy. Furthermore, relative to single policy, mixed policy has stronger effects on primary energy consumption cut, by 738 1124 Mtoe or 18 28 which will make CO2 emissions reach a peak before 2030 and the peak emission is not greater than 12 billion tons which is in line with the reduction demand in China. Thus, the mixed policy is the most effective strategy so that mixed policy is recommended to parties included in Annex I in United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol and other countries with large potential of emission reduction, while ETS is suggested to countries with low carbon emissions per capita which can balance economic development and CO2 mitigation.
The presence of the Turkish private sector in the Kurdistan region of Iraq

How do practices guiding the engagement of the international private sector in fragile and conflict affected states emerge, and who are the important actors and institutions in this process? Using a human security framework, this thesis seeks to apply critical security studies by taking a closer look at the role of the Turkish private sector in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This thesis argues that the international private sector can be a vital tool to enhance human security, in particular economic security, in fragile and conflict affected states. However, without a regulatory environment for the private sector to follow "best practices," it is largely at the discretion of each business to adopt measures to enhance human security. In this light, this thesis presents the conditions that either enhance or constrain economic security following the intervention of the international private sector. The central findings suggest the Turkish private sector enhanced certain economic security areas such as infrastructure recovery and restoration of access to basic services, the dismantling of a war economy and illegal economic networks, and expansion of opportunities for people through training, skills development and empowerment. The central findings also suggest the Turkish private sector constrained economic security in the areas of job creation or to the establishment of public and private sector employment, wage employment and self employment. The impact of the Turkish private sector on public private relations appeared to have had a mixed impact. Moreover, there were some economic security conditions such as basic income and poverty alleviation, rehabilitation and diversification of the agriculture sector, development of productive activities for ex combatants, returnees and impoverished groups, provision of microfinance opportunities, clarification of property rights, macroeconomic development, and provision of well coordinated, predictable, and multifaceted aid, where the Turkish private sector appeared to have had little impact if any at all.
Sequence to Sequence Weather Forecasting with Long Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks

The aim of this paper is to present a deep neural network architecture and use it in time series weather prediction. It uses multi stacked LSTMs to map sequences of weather values of the same length. The final goal is to produce two types of models per city (for 9 cities in Morocco) to forecast 24 and 72 hours worth of weather data (for Temperature, Humidity and Wind Speed) Approximately 15 years (2000 2015) of hourly meteorological data was used to train the model. The results show that LSTM based neural networks are competitive with the traditional methods and can be considered a better alternative to forecast general weather conditions.
Pedestrian crowd level estimation by Head detection using bio inspired retina model
Venue: 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)

A system to estimate pedestrian crowd levels is proposed. It uses the Parvo channel output of the bio inspired retina model for improved sensitivity to head patterns in low illumination. Head features are learned from the parvo output. Several features are explored, namely, Aggregate Channel Features (ACF) Integral Channel Features (ICF) and the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) ACF was selected based on the experimental results. The system is capable of detecting heads in most of the possible head poses, in low illumination situations also. A probabilistic temporal selection approach is proposed to improve the accuracy of the head detection and thereby improving the crowd level estimation accuracy. The system is tested with several standard research data sets such as the IIT Head pose and IHDP Head pose data sets. It exhibited superior performance with average precision and recall scores of 0.99 and 0.97 respectively. The system is currently used to estimate crowd levels in public locations like canteen seating areas.
Moral disengagement and ethical decision making: The moderating role of trait guilt and shame.

Process focused models of ethical decision making (EDM) have focused on individual and situational constraints influencing EDM processes and outcomes. Trait affect and propensity to morally disengage are two individual factors that influence EDM. The current study examines the moderating role of dispositional guilt and shame on the relationship between moral disengagement and EDM. Results indicate that moderate and high levels of dispositional guilt attenuate the negative relationship between moral disengagement and EDM, while low guilt does not. Dispositional shame does not moderate the relationship between moral disengagement and EDM. Implications for personnel selection are discussed.
A qualitative study investigating the ethical decision making process: A proposed model

We describe the results of a qualitative research study involving senior military and civilian leaders of the Department of Defense. We followed a grounded theory approach in proposing an inductive model which integrates the theories of ethics, decision making, and leadership with the experiences and formal training of our respondents. Our model accomplishes two purposes. First, it illustrates the complex nature of the intervening steps between moral awareness and ethical/unethical decision outcomes. Second, it depicts a process for developing ethical decision making expertise. The proposed model is intended to stimulate educators, training and development professionals, and practicing leaders to design and implement programs to develop ethical leader decision making.
Unmasking the Potential of Web 2.0 in Academic Libraries in Malawi: Empirical Findings

It is now a common knowledge that the Internet has effectively turned the world into a 'global village' The metamorphosis of the Internet over the years has led to the emergence of Web 2.0 technologies that have attracted an appeal from the field of Library and Information Science. Noting that many questions remain unanswered about how academic libraries in Malawi are using Web 2.0 technologies in their service delivery to their clients, this study investigated the status on the adoption of Web 2.0 technologies in three academic libraries in Malawi. By administering a questionnaire, the study found that the library staff are aware of a plethora of Web 2.0 technologies; some of which they have adopted and are using them to share work related ideas with colleagues, to keep track with professional current trends and to collaborate with colleagues in other libraries, and to interact with users. The study found further that poor Internet bandwidths, perpetual electricity outages and restrictive organisational policies remain the key stumbling blocks against the adoption of Web 2.0 technologies by academic library staff in Malawi.
Collaboration between Researchers and Academic Library: Road to Research Data Country Wide Consortium and Innovation in Library Services

Even though many academic libraries are offering various types of data management services (RDM) and infrastructure, many universities struggle with convincing researchers to publish their data. Collaboration in data management services between libraries, researchers, universities and government is the only way to make research data available and accessible. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how initiative from researchers led to wider collaboration between researchers and an academic library and resulted in the development of data management services in the library as well as a country wide research data management consortium in Estonia. The country wide research data management system was a requirement of the funding agency which put the library into a new position to initiate and lead work towards research universities' consortium. The development work of RDM services has tremendously raised the library's value as a partner rather than just a service provider in the eyes of researchers. Liisi Lembinen University of Tartu, Estonia Collaboration between Researchers and Academic Library
Comparing Automated Factual Claim Detection Against Judgments of Journalism Organizations

In this research, we deployed an automated fact checking system (ClaimBuster) on the 2016 presidential primary debates and assessed its performance compared to professional news organizations. In real time, ClaimBuster scored the statements made by candidates on check worthiness, the likelihood that the statement contained an important factual claim. Its discrimination compared to professional journalists was high. Statements chosen for fact checking by CNN and PolitiFact had been scored much higher by ClaimBuster than those not selected. The topics of statements chosen for checking also mirrored the topics of those scored highly by ClaimBuster. Differences between the political parties and individual candidates on the use of factual claims are also presented.
Burkitt's Lymphoma with Bilateral Cavernous Sinus Involvement: A Case Report

Burkitt's lymphoma is the commonest childhood malignancy in tropical Africa and is rare outside of Africa. Cavernous sinus lymphoma is a rare occurence and Burkitt'slymphoma of the cavernous sinus is uncommon. We review the case of a 52 year old non african and immunocompetent woman who developed over a period of 2 weeks an ocular pain, diplopia and ptosis. Physical examination revealed breast tumors. CT scan and MRI disclosed a bilateral cavernous sinus mass and work up of the tumor showed additionnal tumor within the pelvis. Biopsy of breast tumor showed findings consistent with Burkitt's Lymphoma and there was positivity to Epstein Barr EBER 1. Chemotherapy led to complete and asymptomatic remission of the cavernous sinuses lesions. The disease had a highly aggressive course and the patient died 11 months after diagnosis. We discuss the MRI findings and the differential diagnosis of cavernous sinuses lesions.The case herein reported emphasizes this extremely rare location of Burkitt's lymphoma, the MR findings and the need of considering the diagnosis of Burkitt's Lymphoma in cavernous sinuses lesions.
PARANEOPLASTIC ANTI GQ1B SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA
Venue: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry

Case A 79 year old man with a background of hypertension presented with subacute onset of ataxia, oscillopsia as result of downbeat nystagmus and dysarthria. On examination he was areflexic. MRI brain showed chronic small vessel ischaemia. CSF analysis revealed elevated CSF protein (0.66 g/L) with unmatched oligoclonal bands. CSF glucose and cell counts were normal. CT chest, abdomen and pelvis was unremarkable. Serum was negative for ANA, ANCA, onconeuronal antibodies but positive for Anti GQ1b IgG antibody; a diagnosis of atypical Miller Fisher syndrome was initially made. We treated our patient with intravenous immunoglobulins but improvement over 8 weeks was modest. His Anti GQ1b antibody titre rose [400 (normal: <200) and there was no further improvement following a second course of immunoglobulins. Five months after the initial presentation, a biopsy of a newly enlarging cervical lymph node confirmed the diagnosis of large B cell lymphoma. After 15 cycles of targeted radiotherapy, anti GQ1b antibodies were no longer detectable in the patient's sera and the clinical signs present on initial presentation had resolved.  Our case highlights that anti GQ1b antibodies can be associated with a treatment resistant, paraneoplastic neurological syndrome mimicking Miller Fisher Syndrome, which may present several months prior to the identification of a malignancy.
Analisis Pengembangan Produk Berbasis Quality Function Deployment (Qfd) (Studi Kasus pada Produk Susu PT MSA)

Product developments are motivated by science and technology, change ofconsumer's demands, competition, and requirement to improve profit. This research is intended to figure out and analyze the tools applied in the PT MSA's product development and its alternatives. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is used to determine product attributes for consumer's demand, company's performance, level of interest, technical parameters, requirement of process, and quality procedures to improve the products. This research is designed as a quantitative research method. QFD application in PT MSA results 15 product attributes, which are demanded by consumers. Those attributes are interpreted through 9 technical parameters in House of Quality (HOQ) for packaged fresh milk, and 15 product attributes for yoghurt. Based on the priority analysis, PT MSA will conduct their business decision to develop yoghurt product, which is expected to increase the total sales.
Inclusao e perspectivas de desenvolvimento da microempresa e empresa de pequeno porte no processo de compras governamentais na esfera federal

Este artigo aponta como as Micro e Pequenas Empresas estao sendo incluidas e apresentam perspectivas de usufruirem da oportunidade de ampliar sua participacao em processos de licitacao para compras publicas federais, por meio do Pregao Eletronico, na vigencia da Lei Complementar n. 123/2006 e da aprovacao da nova Lei Complementar n. 147/2014. Considera se que o avanco das politicas publicas de inclusao das Microempresas e Empresas de Pequeno Porte nas compras governamentais tem sido fundamental para a sustentabilidade delas e para o Desenvolvimento Local.
Liar liar, pants on fire; or how to use subjective logic and argumentation to evaluate information from untrustworthy sources
Venue: Artificial Intelligence Review

This paper presents a non prioritized belief change operator, designed specifically for incorporating new information from many heterogeneous sources in an uncertain environment. We take into account that sources may be untrustworthy and provide a principled method for dealing with the reception of contradictory information. We specify a novel Data Oriented Belief Revision Operator, that uses a trust model, subjective logic, and a preference based argumentation framework to evaluate novel information and change the agent's belief set accordingly. We apply this belief change operator in a collaborative traffic scenario, where we show that (1) some form of trust based non prioritized belief change operator is necessary, and (2) in a direct comparison between our operator and a previous proposition, our operator performs at least as well in all scenarios, and significantly better in some.
Evaluation of the effect of base station antenna polarization on the performance of CoMP transmission techniques based on synchronous multi link measurements
Venue: 2016 IEEE 27th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

In this paper, the effect of polarization on the downlink achievable sum rate of multi user Cooperative Multi Point (CoMP) systems is studied using synchronous multi link channel measurements with two different antenna arrangements. In the first setup, four dual polarized antenna patches with inter patch distance varied from half wavelength to 8 m are considered at the base station (BS) In the second setup, two BSs located 60 m apart are used, each is provided with dual polarized antennas spaced half a wavelength apart. Based on the BS antenna element selection, scenarios with different antenna polarizations at the BSs are considered. We consider four virtual users each is equipped with two antennas (V and H polarized) with half wavelength inter element distance. The users are equally spaced with inter user distance of about 0.5 m and moving in different routes. For each setup, the 8 x 4 MIMO multi user channels are used to evaluate the achievable sum rate of the system, where the minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamforming at both the BS and the mobile station (MS) is used. It is found that the performance improvement gained from using dual polarized antennas at the BS vanishes if the BS antenna elements are distributed over large distance (i.e. having a large antenna array aperture) However, in the measured environment, for the case of having two BSs each of which is provided with co located antennas, using dual polarized antennas provide about 40% improvement in the ergodic sum rate compared to using single polarized antennas.
Selection and ranking of E learning websites using weighted distance based approximation

The propagation of the web applications as E learning websites has produced new opportunities as well as new challenges for academic organizations and individuals who are either delivering or receiving an education. The E learning websites has become more and more popular from the last few decades due to the great benefits provided by the concept of E learning such as study at any time and any place. Now a day, a number of organizations have developed their website to deliver the skills and the knowledge in the field of education. The rapid increase in the use of E learning leads to the problem of E learning evaluation and selection. The evaluation of E learning websites might be considered from the perspective of multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. In this research, the problem of the E learning websites evaluation and selection is modeled as a MCDM problem. Further, for the evaluation and selection of E learning websites, weighted distance based approximation (WDBA) method is proposed that has a number of significant advantages over the existing ones. To validate the proposed methodology, WDBA, a comparison with the existing methodology, namely technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution is also provided.
Garlic and Heart Disease.
Venue: The Journal of nutrition

Thousands of studies have been published based on animal and human studies evaluating garlic's effects and safety.  We reviewed the available literature investigating the effects of garlic supplements on hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, C reactive protein (CRP) pulse wave velocity (PWV) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) as well as available data on side effects.  We searched PubMed for all human studies using medical subject heading words through 30 May 2013 and assessed relevant review articles and original studies. Only double blind, randomized, controlled trials and meta analyses of double blind, randomized, controlled trials were included. The review of articles and data extraction were performed by 2 independent authors, with any disagreements resolved by consensus.  Garlic supplementation reduced blood pressure by 7 16 mm Hg (systolic) and 5 9 mm Hg (diastolic) (4 meta analyses and 2 original studies) It reduced total cholesterol by 7.4 29.8 mg/dL (8 meta analyses) The most consistent benefits were shown in studies that used aged garlic extract (AGE) A few small studies that used AGE also showed favorable effects on CAC, CRP, and PWV. Although garlic is generally safe, rare adverse reactions have been documented with limited causality established.  We conclude that garlic supplementation has the potential for cardiovascular protection based on risk factor reduction (hypertension and total cholesterol) and surrogate markers (CRP, PWV, and CAC) of atherosclerosis. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate these effects further.
Hydrophobic interface controlled electrochemical sensing of nitrite based on one step synthesis of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite.
Venue: Talanta

In this paper, we report a novel hydrophobic interface controlled electrochemical sensing of nitrite based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/ reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (POSS/rGO) The POSS/rGO is prepared by one step hydrothermal synthesis method, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR) Zeta potential measurement analyzer, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and zero current potential method respectively. Then the POSS/rGO composite is used to fabricate electrochemical sensor for nitrite detection. According to experimental results, it is found that under control of hydrophobic force, the current peak will be shifted to lower potential (0.72 V) and the possible reason has been analyzed in manuscript. In addition, the POSS/rGO based sensor also has wide linear range (0.5 mM to 120 mM) low detection limit (0.08 mM) and good selectivity. In a word, the hydrophobic force controlled detection in this paper will provide a new platform for electrochemical sensing.
A facile one step fabrication of robust superhydrophobic/superoleophilic cotton fabric using a crosslinkable POSS containing fluorinated copolymer

A superhydrophobic/superoleophilic cotton fabric was fabricated by a facile one step dip coating method using a crosslinkable fluorinated copolymer material Poly(methyl methacrylate co butyl acrylate co hydroxyethyl methacrylate co perfluoroalkylethyl methacrylate co stearyl methacrylate co methacrylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) (P(MMA BA HEMA FMA SMA MAPOSS) The copolymer was synthesized using a conventional solution free radical polymerization. Cotton fabric was dip coated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of the copolymer and curing agent with NCO groups. The coated cotton fabric has a water contact angle above 150deg and oil contact angle of 0deg, showing both superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. Furthermore, the cotton fabric could keep its superhydrophobic property even after ultrasonic treatment in ethanol or thermal treatment, as well as for acidic or alkaline liquids. The coated cotton fabrics were used to separate various oil water mixtures with separation efficiency all above 96% Additionally, the cotton fabrics still kept high separation efficiency above 98% after 50 separation times for n hexane/water mixture. These suggest that the coated cotton fabric possesses robust superhydrophobic property and excellent oil water separation performance, and can finely meet the urgent request in oil water separation.