nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible calibration of phase to height conversion in fringe projection profilometry.
Venue: Applied optics

A flexible new technique is presented to calibrate the monocular system of phase based fringe projection profilometry, which is made of a camera, a projector, and a computer. The proposed algorithm mainly consists of a more flexible phase to height conversion model and a minimum norm solution, followed by a nonlinear optimization based on the maximum likelihood criterion. In the whole calibration procedure, this method only requires the camera to capture a few two dimensional checkerboard target images and several deformed fringe images with at least three different orientations. The proposed technique neither subjects to certain limitations nor measures additional geometry parameters in advance. Also, no highly precise gauge blocks or extra reference phases are involved. In contrast with the existing methods, the proposed technique is easier to use and more flexible. Experiments have been performed to validate the performance of this technique.
Mathematical modeling and control law design for 1DOF Quadcopter flight dynamics
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computing, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (ICE Cube)

The purpose of this research is the modeling and Linear Control of Quad copter through pitch, roll, yaw and thrust command Interface. This research starts with derivation of nonlinear mathematical model of quad copter dynamics that consists of 6 degree of freedom(DOF) motions. The non linear model is then linearized around equilibrium point and then 3DOF kinematics is extracted in order to design stabilizing and tracking control of three angular motions (Pitch, Yaw and roll) The Open loop transfer function of each DOF rotation motion shows that quad copter is highly unstable without any damping factor in linear mode. A Proportional integrator and differentiator(PID) controller is designed to control and stabilization of 3DOF rotations, controlling the four actuators independently in simulation. The real time 1DOF operation is done on designed Test rig in which the relation between thrust, Average RPM is evaluated and desired pitch pitch response is achieved by closed loop PID controller on Test rig. To support the above arguments, the simulated results as well as experimental results are presenented and compared.
Autoptic practices in 16th 18th century Florence: Skeletal evidences from the Medici family.
Venue: International journal of paleopathology

During the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance autopsy started to be practised for medico legal purposes in order to investigate the causes of death. The other reason for dissecting a body was embalming, a diffused custom typical of the elitarian classes. The exploration of the Medici tombs in the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence offered the opportunity to investigate the practice of autopsy on these aristocratic personages of the Renaissance and Early Modern Age. A total of 25 currently skeletonized individuals, almost all of whom formerly artificial mummies, were exhumed. Accurate examination of the skeletons revealed evident signs of autoptic practices such as horizontal and oblique craniotomies, longitudinal and transversal cuts of the sternum, and sectioning of the sternal extremities of the ribs. In this group, women were treated differently to men at autopsy, as only men underwent craniotomy; autopsy and embalming were carried out also for the illegitimate members of the family and for subaldults. The extremely rich documentary archives of the Medici family confirm that the corpses were in several cases submitted to autopsy. The present study offers important direct information on the 16 18th century autoptic practices that the court surgeons in Florence performed on the members of the elite class.
Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome: The detection of delta wave in an electrocardiogram (ECG)
Venue: 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

The delta wave remains an important indicator to diagnose the WPW syndrome. In this paper, a new method of detection of delta wave in an ECG signal is proposed. Firstly, using the continuous wavelet transform, the P wave, the QRS complex and the T wave are detected, then their durations are computed after determination of the boundary location (onsets and offsets of the P, QRS and T waves) Secondly, the PR duration, the QRS duration and the upstroke of the QRS complex are used to determine the presence or absence of the delta wave. This algorithm has been tested on the Physionel database (ptbdb) in order to evaluate its robustness. It has been applied to clinical signals from patients affected by WPW syndrome. This method can provide assistance to practitioners in order to detect the WPW syndrome.
The Role of Abscisic Acid in Drought Stress: How ABA Helps Plants to Cope with Drought Stress

The exploration of plant response to drought stress is a key to understanding the mechanisms of the drought signaling network and further implementing the knowledge in breeding programs of crops. Plant hormones are crucial factors in transducing the stress signal and the main player among them is abscisic acid (ABA) ABA controls plants' stress response at many layers of regulation. These include (1) transcriptional response including interactions of core transcription factors that are regulated by ABA and other plant hormones, and (2) regulation of ABA metabolism and transport itself, with posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation which still seems to be a hidden and not fully recognized part of stress signaling. The efficient integration and coordination of ABA metabolism, transport, and regulation of core signaling elements are pivotal for maintaining tissue and cell type specific hormone concentration and thus signaling efficiency, to achieve the proper growth and developmental responses. Among lifecycle processes controlled by ABA are: inhibition of germination, restriction of shoot and root growth, and stomatal closure. Here, we describe recent advances in decoding the ABA signaling message transmitted through plant cells under drought stress that builds drought tolerance.
Involvement of ABA and H2O2 dependent cytosolic glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase in maintaining redox homeostasis in soybean roots under drought stress.
Venue: Plant physiology and biochemistry PPB

The roles of abscisic acid (ABA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in inducing glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) activity and the possible roles of G6PDH in regulating ascorbate glutathione (AsA GSH) cycle were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. roots under drought stress. Drought caused a marked increase of the total and cytosolic G6PDH activities and triggered a rapid ABA and H2O2 accumulation in soybean roots. Exogenous ABA or H2O2 treatment elevated the total and cytosolic G6PDH activities, whereas suppressing ABA or H2O2 production inhibited the drought induced increase in total and cytosolic G6PDH activities, suggesting that ABA and H2O2 are required for drought induced increase of total G6PDH activity, namely cytosolic G6PDH activity. Furthermore, ABA induced H2O2 production by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity under drought stress. Moreover, drought significantly increased the contents of AsA and GSH and the activities of key enzymes in AsA GSH cycle, while application of G6PDH inhibitor to seedlings significantly reduced the above effect induced by drought. Taken together, these results indicate that H2O2 acting as a downstream signaling molecule of ABA mediates drought induced increase in cytosolic G6PDH activity, and that enhanced cytosolic G6PDH activity maintains cellular redox homeostasis by regulating AsA GSH cycle in soybean roots.
Crayfish in Czech cultural space: the longest documented relationship between humans and crayfish in Europe

The crayfish is an interesting element of cultural history in many regions where this animal plays an important role through its exploitation by humans. The present study provides comprehensive insight into the relationship between humans and crayfish within the Central European regions of Bohemia and Moravia, collectively recognized as the Czech cultural space. The study combines data obtained from Czech and Latin historical literature; archival juristic documents and codes of law; old cooking and fishing journals, books, and textbooks; digitized materials available on the internet; and specialized and scientific publications. Human exploitation of crayfish within the evaluated region has been continuous from prehistory to the present and is thus the oldest in all of Europe. Important moments are displayed on timeline.
The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment
Venue: The American economic review

The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment offered randomly selected families housing vouchers to move from high poverty housing projects to lower poverty neighborhoods. We analyze MTO's impacts on children's long term outcomes using tax data. We find that moving to a lower poverty neighborhood when young (before age 13) increases college attendance and earnings and reduces single parenthood rates. Moving as an adolescent has slightly negative impacts, perhaps because of disruption effects. The decline in the gains from moving with the age when children move suggests that the duration of exposure to better environments during childhood is an important determinant of children's long term outcomes.
Learning to learn by gradient descent by gradient descent
Venue: NIPS

The move from hand designed features to learned features in machine learning has been wildly successful. In spite of this, optimization algorithms are still designed by hand. In this paper we show how the design of an optimization algorithm can be cast as a learning problem, allowing the algorithm to learn to exploit structure in the problems of interest in an automatic way. Our learned algorithms, implemented by LSTMs, outperform generic, hand designed competitors on the tasks for which they are trained, and also generalize well to new tasks with similar structure. We demonstrate this on a number of tasks, including simple convex problems, training neural networks, and styling images with neural art.
Significance of exposed grain surface area in coarse particle flotation of low grade gold ore with the hydrofloatTM technology

Conventional flotation machines are typically limited to a particle topsize of 150 200 microns due to inherent constraints created by the pulp and froth phases. To overcome these limitations, a novel fluidized bed flotation system called the HydroFloat TM Separator has been developed specifically for the purpose of floating coarse particles containing only small amounts of exposed hydrophobic minerals. Over the last decade, this technology has been successfully applied to industrial minerals with several full scale units installed to recover particles up to and exceeding 3,000 m diameter. More recently, sulfide based test work has shown that this novel device is also capable of recovering metalliferous values at a grind size that is much coarser than currently used in industrial concentrators. In the current study, high resolution Xray microtomography (HRXMT) was used to experimentally compare the degree of exposed grain surface area necessary to recover coarse particles using the HydroFloat TM technology to that attainable using a traditional mechanical flotation cell. The data indicate that exposed grain surface area is a critical factor for coarse particle flotation. For the gold bearing sulfide ore examined in this study, the HRXMT data suggest that near complete recoveries of coarse (850x500 m) multiphase particles containing as little as 1% exposed grain surface area were realistically attainable using the HydroFloat TM technology. As such, this new technology may offer a unique opportunity for increasing concentrator capacity by increasing the primary grind size needed for rougher/scavenger separations.
Disclosure of Downside Risk and Investors' Use of Qualitative Information: Evidence from the IPO Prospectus's Risk Factor Section

I use the context of a company's initial public offering (IPO) of equity securities as a capital market setting to empirically study the economic consequences of risk factor disclosures. Using data from Australian IPOs, I examine the relation of textual risk disclosures in the prospectus to initial underpricing. I find that the quantity of disclosures in the risk factor section itself has no significant impact on initial underpricing. However, an increase in the informativeness of risk factor disclosures is associated with lower IPO underpricing. My results suggest that IPOs that provide informative risk factor disclosures have less ex ante uncertainty, in the sense that the disclosures help investors estimate the dispersion of secondary market value. The effect of informative risk factor disclosures on IPO underpricing is more pronounced for IPOs with less prestigious lead underwriters and is mainly driven by younger firms, smaller firms, and firms with poorer operating performance prior to their IPOs. Collectively, my findings suggest that informative disclosures of downside risk are useful for investors to evaluate IPOs.
Methodology for Data and Information Quality Assessment in the Context of Emergency Situational Awareness
Venue: Universal Access in the Information Society

Situation Assessment (SA) approaches aim to provide powerful resources to support decision makers in enhancing their Situational Awareness (SAW) The process of SA in emergency response systems is of utmost importance once the information acquired and inferred from human reports is used to support the deployment of tactics and resources to attend incidents. However, operators of such systems may face informational barriers leading to an erroneous SAW and consequently jeopardize the assessment process if they are not handled. One of such barriers in this context is the presence of low quality data or information. Hence, a challenging issue in this field is to determine how to generate, score, update and represent data and information quality cues to support operators to reason under uncertainties and improve their understanding about an ongoing situation. The state of the art in this area presents a research gap regarding methodologies for the information quality assessment which can be used in the emergency management domain. Also, there is a lack of approaches that interface with different levels of situational information during an assessment routine. Hence, in order to enhance operators situational awareness, a new methodology is presented to improve the capabilities of SA systems by enriching knowledge about situations with reliable metadata. Such methodology, named Information Quality Assessment Methodology in the Context of Emergency situational awareness, is composed by: elicitation of data and information quality requirements; definition of functions and metrics to quantify quality dimensions, such as completeness, timeliness, consistency, relevance and uncertainty; and the representation of situational information by the instantiation of a situation model, which can be consumed by an ontology. Finally, a case study is addressed to verify the applicability of the methodology using data and information from a robbery event. The results obtained show situational models with qualified information that feed SA systems, enabling them to be aware of information quality.
Mental Illness and Juvenile Offenders
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health

Within the past decade, reliance on the juvenile justice system to meet the needs of juvenile offenders with mental health concerns has increased. Due to this tendency, research has been conducted on the effectiveness of various intervention and treatment programs/approaches with varied success. Recent literature suggests that because of interrelated problems involved for youth in the juvenile justice system with mental health issues, a dynamic system of care that extends beyond mere treatment within the juvenile justice system is the most promising. The authors provide a brief overview of the extent to which delinquency and mental illness co occur; why treatment for these individuals requires a system of care; intervention models; and the juvenile justice systems role in providing mental health services to delinquent youth. Current and future advancements and implications for practitioners are provided.
Prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in people with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: The lancet. Psychiatry

Although people with serious mental illnesses have a high risk of contracting blood borne viral infections, sexual health has largely been neglected by researchers and policy makers involved in mental health. Failure to address this shortcoming could increase morbidity and mortality as a result of undetected and untreated infection. We did a systematic review and meta analysis to estimate the prevalence of blood borne viral infection in people with serious mental illness.  We searched the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and DARE for studies of the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus in people with serious mental illness, published between Jan 1, 1980, and Jan 1, 2015. We group prevalence data by region and by virus and estimated pooled prevalence. We did a sensitivity analysis of the effect of study quality on prevalence.  After removal of duplicates, we found 373 abstracts, 91 of which met our eligibility criteria. The prevalences of blood borne viral infections in people with serious mental illness were higher than in the general population in places with low prevalence of blood borne viruses, such as the USA and Europe, and on par with the general population in regions with high prevalence of blood borne viruses (Africa for HIV and southeast Asia for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus) Pooled prevalence of HIV in people with serious mental illness in the USA was 6*0% (95% CI 4*3 8*3) Sensitivity analysis showed that quality scores did not significantly affect prevalence.  People with serious mental illness are at risk of blood borne viral infections. However, because of methodological limitations of the studies the prevalence might be overestimated. Serious mental illness is unlikely to be a sole risk factor and risk of blood borne viral infection is probably multifactorial and associated with low socioeconomic status, drug and alcohol misuse, ethnic origin, and sex. Health providers should routinely discuss sexual health and risks for blood borne viruses (including risks related to drug misuse) with people who have serious mental illness, as well as offering testing and treatment for those at risk.
World survey of mental illness stigma.
Venue: Journal of affective disorders

To obtain rapid and reproducible opinions that address mental illness stigma around the world.  Random global Web users were exposed to brief questions, asking whether they interacted daily with someone with mental illness, whether they believed that mental illness was associated with violence, whether it was similar to physical illness, and whether it could be overcome.  Over a period of 1.7 years, 596,712 respondents from 229 countries completed the online survey. The response rate was 54.3% China had the highest proportion of respondents in daily contact with a person with mental illness. In developed countries, 7% to 8% of respondents endorsed the statement that individuals with mental illness were more violent than others, in contrast to 15% or 16% in developing countries. While 45% to 51% of respondents from developed countries believed that mental illness was similar to physical illness, only 7% believed that mental illness could be overcome. To test for reproducibility, 21 repeats of the same questions were asked monthly in India for 21 months. Each time, 10.1 0.11% s.e. of respondents endorsed the statement that persons who suffer from mental illness are more violent than others, indicating strong reproducibility of response.  This study shows that surveys of constructs such as stigma towards mental illness can be carried out rapidly and repeatedly across the globe, so that the impact of policy interventions can be readily measured.  The method engages English speakers only, mainly young, educated males.
PSS Design Considering Feedback from the Entire Product service Lifecycle and Social Media

In the globally competitive market landscape, companies, in order to remain sustainable, must shift their focus towards constantly improving their PSS offerings by incorporating lean thinking approaches. PSS are complex, dynamic, and multi dimensional systems, which are supported by appropriate infrastructure and networks. At the same time, PSS require robust engineering methods and tools for their design, which allow multi dimensional exchange of knowledge between the designers and the relevant stakeholders across the value chain. Currently, enabling technologies such as Cloud technology, social media and networking, knowledge management, and context sensitivity present new possibilities to enhance the knowledge exchange and the collaborative process of PSS design. These technologies allow the gathering and analysis of big volumes of data from scattered heterogeneous IT systems and, at the same time, allow PSS design improvements by processing the experiences of the business customers, consumers, designers, shop floor, and provide feedback to the design phase. However, a number of challenges are encountered during the gathering, visualization, monitoring, and assessment of related data, such as the lack of context sensitivity. Simultaneously, PSS evaluation approaches are still immature and there is limited work that correlates the impact of the entire PSS lifecycle with the performance assessment of the PSS design. The present work includes a review of the aforementioned technologies from academic, market, and industrial perspectives. Based on an extensive literature review and on constructive discussions with three European SMEs, several barriers and limitations of adopting the aforementioned technologies in practice are identified. Finally, a conceptual eco innovative framework for lean PSS design is presented, explaining how these technologies could be combined for the improvements of PSS design and evaluation procedures.
'You Can't Have Reconciliation Without Justice' How Non Indigenous Participants in Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Process Understand Their Roles and Goals

A central objective of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) of Canada was to foster healing and reconciliation between Indigenous and non Indigenous peoples. After six years of national and community events, statement gathering, and archival research, and the well publicized release of the TRC's final report in 2015, nearly one in five settler Canadians remains oblivious to the TRC and most have not participated in reconciliation initiatives. Nevertheless, thousands of settlers did attend TRC events and many are engaged in ongoing solidarity activities with Indigenous peoples. To understand how some settlers become engaged and how they understand their roles in the process, we interviewed forty non Indigenous Canadians who attended TRC events. In this chapter, we examine what reconciliation means to them, what they are doing (and think they should be doing) to pursue it, and whether (and why or why not) they identify as allies. Since allyship is partly about accountability to Indigenous peoples and respecting their knowledges and voices, we also critically assess and reflect on participants' perspectives by comparing them to those of Indigenous scholars and activists and of the TRC itself. In doing so, we shed light on the possibilities and limits of reconciliation in settler colonial Canada.