nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Policy documents as sources for measuring societal impact: how often is climate change research mentioned in policy related documents?
Venue: Scientometrics

In the current UK Research Excellence Framework (REF) and the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) societal impact measurements are inherent parts of the national evaluation systems. In this study, we deal with a relatively new form of societal impact measurements. Recently, Altmetric a start up providing publication level metrics started to make data for publications available which have been mentioned in policy documents. We regard this data source as an interesting possibility to specifically measure the (societal) impact of research. Using a comprehensive dataset with publications on climate change as an example, we study the usefulness of the new data source for impact measurement. Only 1.2 (n 2341) out of 191,276 publications on climate change in the dataset have at least one policy mention. We further reveal that papers published in Nature and Science as well as from the areas "Earth and related environmental sciences" and "Social and economic geography" are especially relevant in the policy context. Given the low coverage of the climate change literature in policy documents, this study can be only a first attempt to study this new source of altmetrics data. Further empirical studies are necessary, because mentions in policy documents are of special interest in the use of altmetrics data for measuring target oriented the broader impact of research.
Societal views and animal welfare science: understanding why the modified cage may fail and other stories.
Venue: Animal an international journal of animal bioscience

The innovations developed by scientists working on animal welfare are often not adopted in practice. In this paper, we argue that one important reason for this failure is that the solutions proposed do not adequately address the societal concerns that motivated the original research. Some solutions also fail because they do not adequately address perceived constraints within the industry. Using examples from our own recent work, we show how research methods from the social sciences can address both of these limitations. For example, those who persist in tail docking cattle (despite an abundance of evidence showing that the practice has no benefits) often justify their position by citing concern for cow cleanliness. This result informs the nature of new extension efforts directed at farmers that continue to tail dock, suggesting that these efforts will be more effective if they focus on providing producers with methods (of proven efficacy) for keeping cows clean. Work on pain mitigation for dehorning shows that some participants reluctant to provide pain relief believe that the pain from this procedure is short lasting and has little impact on the calf. This result informs the direction of new biological research efforts to understand both the magnitude and duration of any suffering that result from this type of procedure. These, and other examples, illustrate how social science methodologies can document the shared and divergent values of different stakeholders (to ensure that proposed solutions align with mainstream values) beliefs regarding the available evidence (to help target new scientific research that meets the perceived gaps) and barriers in implementing changes (to ease adoption of ideas by addressing these barriers)
Multinational investigation of cross societal cooperation
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

We present a comprehensive analysis of cross societal cooperation involving full incentivization and population representative samples of participants from Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Mexico, and the United States. Our main finding is that individuals have shared stereotypes in terms of expected cooperation for interaction partners from different nations. Individuals also hold (shared) social preferences toward these partners, which are driven by ingroup favoritism, differences in wealth, and additional factors. We discuss our results with respect to theories that explain cooperation behavior by similarity, inequality aversion, and specific expectations. In a globalized world, establishing successful cooperation between people from different nations is becoming increasingly important. We present results from a comprehensive investigation of cross societal cooperation in one shot prisoner's dilemmas involving population representative samples from six countries and identify crucial facilitators of and obstacles to cooperation. In interactions involving mutual knowledge about only the other players' nationalities, we demonstrate that people hold strong and transnationally shared expectations (i.e. stereotypes) concerning the cooperation level of interaction partners from other countries. These expectations are the strongest determinants of participant cooperation. Paradoxically, however, they turn out to be incorrect stereotypes that even correlate negatively with reality. In addition to erroneous expectations, participants' cooperation behavior is driven by (shared) social preferences that vary according to the interaction partner's nationality. In the cross societal context, these social preferences are influenced by differences in wealth and ingroup favoritism, as well as effects of specific country combinations but not by spatial distance between nations.
Exploring the digital natives among pre service teachers in Turkey: a cross cultural validation of the Digital Native Assessment Scale
Venue: Interact. Learn. Environ.

This study aims to explore the digital natives among a sample of pre service teachers and in the process, examine the validity of a Turkish adaptation of the digital native assessment scale (DNAS) [Teo, T. Fan, X. (2013) Coefficient alpha and beyond: Issues and alternatives for educational research. The Asia Pacific Education Researcher, 22(2) 209 213] Five hundred and fifty seven participants completed a survey questionnaire in Turkish measuring their responses on the DNAS, developed from a proposed four factor research. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple indicators, multiple causes modelling were used to analyse the data and an acceptable fit was found, suggesting that the DNAS is a valid measure for participants who are older living in another culture. While the pre service teachers had mostly regarded themselves as digital natives, significant differences were only found by years of computer use and perceived competence but no significant differences were found for gender and age.
3D ERT geophysical prospecting for the investigation of two terraces of an archaeological site northeast of Tlaxcala state, Mexico

Teteles de Ocotitla is an archaeological site located in the central portion of the Sierra of Ocotitla, northeast of the State of Tlaxcala. This site is mostly composed of several artificial terraces with evidence of human occupation, probably contemporary with Teotihuacan in the Early Classic period. The aim of this research was to determine the existence and spatial distribution of non visible archaeological structures on two of the upper terraces of the site, as well as to determine potential areas to carry out archaeological excavations. For this reason, the geophysical method of Electrical Resistivity Tomography in 3D was implemented, identifying four anomalous areas of interest as well as their respective depths. This non destructive geophysical method is considered a rapid, self sufficient, useful and non invasive procedure to detect archaeological structures; therefore, it was essential to this research. The archaeological excavations confirmed the existence of platforms, walls and other pre Hispanic elements, which proved the efficiency of the geophysical method in the characterization of buried pre Hispanic architectural structures.
Pressure dependence of backbone chemical shifts in the model peptides Ac Gly Gly Xxx Ala NH2
Venue: Journal of biomolecular NMR

For a better understanding of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detected pressure responses of folded as well as unstructured proteins the availability of data from well defined model systems are indispensable. In this work we report the pressure dependence of chemical shifts of the backbone atoms 1Ha, 13Ca and 13C' in the protected tetrapeptides Ac Gly Gly Xxx Ala NH2 (Xxx one of the 20 canonical amino acids) Contrary to expectation the chemical shifts of these nuclei have a nonlinear dependence on pressure in the range from 0.1 to 200 MPa. The polynomial pressure coefficients B1 and B2 are dependent on the type of amino acid studied. The coefficients of a given nucleus show significant linear correlations suggesting that the NMR observable pressure effects in the different amino acids have at least partly the same physical cause. In line with this observation the magnitude of the second order coefficients of nuclei being direct neighbors in the chemical structure are also weakly correlated.
Pregnancy outcomes in prenatally diagnosed 47, XXX and 47, XYY syndromes: a 30 year French, retrospective, multicentre study
Venue: Prenatal diagnosis

Sex chromosome aneuploidies are frequently detected fortuitously in a prenatal diagnosis. Most cases of 47, XXX and 47, XYY syndromes are diagnosed in this context, and parents are thus faced with an unexpected situation. The objective of the present study was to characterize a French cohort of prenatally diagnosed cases of 47, XXX and 47, XYY and to evaluate the termination of pregnancy (TOP) rate before and after France's implementation of multidisciplinary centres for prenatal diagnosis in 1997.
The Impact of the Shale Oil Revolution on U.S. Oil and Gasoline Prices
Venue: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy

This article examines how the shale oil revolution has shaped the evolution of U.S. crude oil and gasoline prices. It puts the increased production of shale oil into historical perspective, highlights uncertainties about future shale oil production, and cautions against the view that the United States will become the next Saudi Arabia. It then reviews how the ban on U.S. crude oil exports, capacity constraints in refining and transporting crude oil, and the regional fragmentation of the global market for crude oil after 2010 have affected U.S. oil and gasoline prices. In particular, the article discusses the reasons for the persistent wedge between U.S. and global crude oil prices in recent years, explains why domestic oil trading at a discount has not lowered U.S. gasoline prices, and discusses the role of shale oil in causing the 2014 oil price decline. Finally, the article explores the implications of the shale oil revolution for the U.S. economy and explains why increased shale oil production is unlikely to create a boom in oil intensive U.S. manufacturing industries.
Neuromodulator and Emotion Biomarker for Stress Induced Mental Disorders
Venue: Neural plasticity

Affective disorders are a leading cause of disabilities worldwide, and the etiology of these many affective disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is due to hormone changes, which includes hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis in the peripheral nervous system and neuromodulators in the central nervous system. Consistent with pharmacological studies indicating that medical treatment acts by increasing the concentration of catecholamine, the locus coeruleus (LC)/norepinephrine (NE) system is regarded as a critical part of the central "stress circuitry," whose major function is to induce "fight or flight" behavior and fear and anger emotion. Despite the intensive studies, there is still controversy about NE with fear and anger. For example, the rats with LC ablation were more reluctant to leave a familiar place and took longer to consume the food pellets in an unfamiliar place (neophobia, i.e. fear in response to novelty) The reason for this discrepancy might be that NE is not only for flight (fear) but also for fight (anger) Here, we try to review recent literatures about NE with stress induced emotions and their relations with mental disorders. We propose that stress induced NE release can induce both fear and anger. "Adrenaline rush or norepinephrine rush" and fear and anger emotion might act as biomarkers for mental disorders.
Student teachers' perceptions of the effects of poverty on learners' educational attainment and well being: perspectives from England and Scotland

This article reports on two UK initial teacher education studies from two contrasting contexts: a secondary school course in Oxford, England and a primary school course in Strathclyde, Scotland. The questions of how student teachers understand the effect of poverty on pupils' educational achievement, and what they as prospective teachers can do to effect change, are common concerns of the research studies reported here. The Oxford study illustrates the problematic issue of student teachers' perceptions of poverty, whilst the Strathclyde data suggest the potential power of a focused intervention to change views on poverty and education. A teacher identity framework is used to consider the interactions between external factors (schools, systems, communities of practice) and internal factors (knowledge, activities, thoughts, reflections) to understand how participation, alignment, agency and reification can support or undermine teachers' understanding and enactment of teaching for social justice.
Fully Automatic System for Accurate Localisation and Analysis of Cephalometric Landmarks in Lateral Cephalograms
Venue: Scientific reports

Cephalometric tracing is a standard analysis tool for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a fully automatic landmark annotation (FALA) system for finding cephalometric landmarks in lateral cephalograms and its application to the classification of skeletal malformations. Digital cephalograms of 400 subjects (age range: 7 76 years) were available. All cephalograms had been manually traced by two experienced orthodontists with 19 cephalometric landmarks, and eight clinical parameters had been calculated for each subject. A FALA system to locate the 19 landmarks in lateral cephalograms was developed. The system was evaluated via comparison to the manual tracings, and the automatically located landmarks were used for classification of the clinical parameters. The system achieved an average point to point error of 1.2 mm, and 84.7% of landmarks were located within the clinically accepted precision range of 2.0 mm. The automatic landmark localisation performance was within the inter observer variability between two clinical experts. The automatic classification achieved an average classification accuracy of 83.4% which was comparable to an experienced orthodontist. The FALA system rapidly and accurately locates and analyses cephalometric landmarks in lateral cephalograms, and has the potential to significantly improve the clinical work flow in orthodontic treatment.
Correlation Assessment between Three Dimensional Facial Soft Tissue Scan and Lateral Cephalometric Radiography in Orthodontic Diagnosis
Venue: International journal of dentistry

The aim of the present prospective study was to investigate correlations between 3D facial soft tissue scan and lateral cephalometric radiography measurements.  The study sample comprised 312 subjects of Caucasian ethnic origin. Exclusion criteria were all the craniofacial anomalies, noticeable asymmetries, and previous or current orthodontic treatment. A cephalometric analysis was developed employing 11 soft tissue landmarks and 14 sagittal and 14 vertical angular measurements corresponding to skeletal cephalometric variables. Cephalometric analyses on lateral cephalometric radiographies were performed for all subjects. The measurements were analysed in terms of their reliability and gender age specific differences. Then, the soft tissue values were analysed for any correlations with lateral cephalometric radiography variables using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.  Low, medium, and high correlations were found for sagittal and vertical measurements. Sagittal measurements seemed to be more reliable in providing a soft tissue diagnosis than vertical measurements.  Sagittal parameters seemed to be more reliable in providing a soft tissue diagnosis similar to lateral cephalometric radiography. Vertical soft tissue measurements meanwhile showed a little less correlation with the corresponding cephalometric values perhaps due to the low reproducibility of cranial base and mandibular landmarks.
Heritability of mandibular cephalometric variables in twins with completed craniofacial growth.
Venue: European journal of orthodontics

To determine genetic and environmental impact on mandibular morphology using lateral cephalometric analysis of twins with completed mandibular growth and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based zygosity determination.  The 39 cephalometric variables of 141 same gender adult pair of twins were analysed. Zygosity was determined using 15 specific DNA markers and cervical vertebral maturation method was used to assess completion of the mandibular growth. A genetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood genetic structural equation modelling (GSEM)  The genetic heritability estimates of angular variables describing horizontal mandibular position in relationship to cranial base and maxilla were considerably higher than in those describing vertical position. The mandibular skeletal cephalometric variables also showed high heritability estimates with angular measurements being considerably higher than linear ones. Results of this study indicate that the angular measurements representing mandibular skeletal morphology (mandibular form) have greater genetic determination than the linear measurements (mandibular size) CONCLUSIONS The shape and sagittal position of the mandible is under stronger genetic control, than is its size and vertical relationship to cranial base.
Structure Preserving Color Normalization and Sparse Stain Separation for Histological Images
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

Staining and scanning of tissue samples for microscopic examination is fraught with undesirable color variations arising from differences in raw materials and manufacturing techniques of stain vendors, staining protocols of labs, and color responses of digital scanners. When comparing tissue samples, color normalization and stain separation of the tissue images can be helpful for both pathologists and software. Techniques that are used for natural images fail to utilize structural properties of stained tissue samples and produce undesirable color distortions. The stain concentration cannot be negative. Tissue samples are stained with only a few stains and most tissue regions are characterized by at most one effective stain. We model these physical phenomena that define the tissue structure by first decomposing images in an unsupervised manner into stain density maps that are sparse and non negative. For a given image, we combine its stain density maps with stain color basis of a pathologist preferred target image, thus altering only its color while preserving its structure described by the maps. Stain density correlation with ground truth and preference by pathologists were higher for images normalized using our method when compared to other alternatives. We also propose a computationally faster extension of this technique for large whole slide images that selects an appropriate patch sample instead of using the entire image to compute the stain color basis.
Structure Preserving Color Normalization and Sparse Stain Separation for Histological Images.
Venue: IEEE transactions on medical imaging

Staining and scanning of tissue samples for microscopic examination is fraught with undesirable color variations arising from differences in raw materials and manufacturing techniques of stain vendors, staining protocols of labs, and color responses of digital scanners. When comparing tissue samples, color normalization and stain separation of the tissue images can be helpful for both pathologists and software. Techniques that are used for natural images fail to utilize structural properties of stained tissue samples and produce undesirable color distortions. The stain concentration cannot be negative. Tissue samples are stained with only a few stains and most tissue regions are characterized by at most one effective stain. We model these physical phenomena that define the tissue structure by first decomposing images in an unsupervised manner into stain density maps that are sparse and non negative. For a given image, we combine its stain density maps with stain color basis of a pathologist preferred target image, thus altering only its color while preserving its structure described by the maps. Stain density correlation with ground truth and preference by pathologists were higher for images normalized using our method when compared to other alternatives. We also propose a computationally faster extension of this technique for large whole slide images that selects an appropriate patch sample instead of using the entire image to compute the stain color basis.
Hot topic detection and technology trend tracking for patents utilizing term frequency and proportional document frequency and semantic information
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing (BigComp)

This paper proposes a methodology for identifying hot topics and tracking technology trends from the patent domain. The methodology uses frequency information in combination with the International Patent Classification (IPC) to capture semantic information on word categorization, doing so in a way that heretofore has not been employed for topic detection and trend tracking. Term Frequency and Proportional Document Frequency (TF*PDF) is employed as a means to detect hot topics from patents, and IPCs are used to calculate semantic importance of terms based on the IPCs where terms are distributed. Aging Theory is also used to calculate the variation of trends over time. Four types of trends including very stable trends, stable trends, normal trends, and unstable trends are defined and evaluated based on TF*PDF and TF*PDF combined with Aging Theory. Experiment results show that for very stable trends, the combination of TF*PDF and Aging Theory achieves 0.976% in Precision; for stable trends and all trends, TF*PDF achieves 0.959% and 0.84% in Precision, respectively. By applying TF*PDF in consideration of semantic information, we also show a new criteria for weighting hot topics and technology trend tracking.
Topic Detection: Identifying Relevant Topics in Tourism Reviews
Venue: ENTER

In the past few years, user generated content (UGC) has been taking an increasingly important role in tourism. Traveller's experiences and opinions about destinations and tourism services support potential customers in their booking decisions. Sentiments can be extracted automatically from UGC and be used as valuable input for managerial decisions. An important subtask of sentiment analysis is the task of topic detection, thus, identifying the topics or product features, like room, service, or food drink in case of hotel reviews, the review is about. The paper presents an overall approach for extracting topics from touristic UGC, making use of different data mining techniques. The applied data mining techniques are compared and evaluated on the base of hotel reviews regarding the Swedish mountain tourism destination Are.