nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tensor Block Sparsity Based Representation for Spectral Spatial Hyperspectral Image Classification
Venue: Remote. Sens.

Recently, sparse representation has yielded successful results in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. In the sparse representation based classifiers (SRCs) a more discriminative representation that preserves the spectral spatial information can be exploited by treating the HSI as a whole entity. Based on this observation, a tensor block sparsity based representation method is proposed for spectral spatial classification of HSI in this paper. Unlike traditional vector/matrix based SRCs, the proposed method consists of tensor block sparsity based dictionary learning and class dependent block sparse representation. By naturally regarding the HSI cube as a third order tensor, small local patches centered at the training samples are extracted from the HSI to maintain the structural information. All the patches are then partitioned into a number of groups, on which a dictionary learning model is constructed with a tensor block sparsity constraint. A test sample is also expressed as a small local patch and the block sparse representation is then performed in a class wise manner to take advantage of the class label information. Finally, the category of the test sample is determined by using the minimal residual. Experimental results of two real world HSIs show that our proposed method greatly improves the classification performance of SRC.
Antihistamines prescribed off label among paediatric patients at a tertiary care hospital setting in Malaysia
Venue: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Antihistamines are widely prescribed to children but should be used with caution in young children.  To determine the paediatric prescribing pattern of antihistamines with a focus on the off label prescribing and factors that influence such prescribing.  Paediatric wards of a tertiary care hospital setting in Malaysia.  The pharmacy based computer system and medical records were used to collect the required data. Labelling status of each antihistamine was determined based on the information provided in the product leaflets.  Antihistamines prescribed off label and factors associated with such prescribing.  Of the 176 hospitalised children aged <18 years prescribed with an antihistamine in the year 2012, 60.8 received it in an off label manner. Of 292 antihistamine prescription items, 55.5 were prescribed off label. Loratadine (35.3 was the most frequently prescribed antihistamine and chlorpheniramine maleate (34.0 was the most common antihistamine prescribed off label. The main reason for the off label prescribing of antihistamines was prescribing at higher than the recommended dose (30.2 Binary logistic regression showed that children aged <2 years (OR 12.65; 95 CI 2.87 55.67) and the number of medications received (OR 1.14; 95 CI 1.00 1.29) were significant predictors for the off label prescribing of antihistamines.  Prescribing antihistamines for children in an off label manner was prevalent at the studied locations and warrants further investigation on the consequences of such prescribing.
The implications of whole genome sequencing in the control of tuberculosis
Venue: Therapeutic advances in infectious disease

The availability of whole genome sequencing (WGS) as a tool for the diagnosis and clinical management of tuberculosis (TB) offers considerable promise in the fight against this stubborn epidemic. However, like other new technologies, the best application of WGS remains to be determined, for both conceptual and technical reasons. In this review, we consider the potential value of WGS in the clinical laboratory for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the prediction of antibiotic resistance. We also discuss issues pertaining to data generation, interpretation and dissemination, given that WGS has to date been generally performed in research labs where results are not necessarily packaged in a clinician friendly format. Although WGS is far more accessible now than it was in the past, the transition from a research tool to study TB into a clinical test to manage this disease may require further fine tuning. Improvements will likely come through iterative efforts that involve both the laboratories ready to move TB into the genomic era and the front line clinical/public health staff who will be interpreting the results to inform management decisions.
An Iron Wind: Europe Under Hitler

In this deeply insightful work, noted historian Peter Fritzsche (Univ. of Illinois) explores "how people in World War II struggled to make sense of the murderous events occurring around them" (ix) Focusing on Nazi occupied Europe, he demonstrates that, "Some people collaborated, others resisted, but most wavered in a moral no man's land between the two positions" (xiii) Because the brutal German conquests "erased whole horizons of empathy," people found it easy to ignore the suffering of their neighbors and retreat into a preoccupation with self preservation. Fritzsche's careful reading of numerous wartime letters and diaries as well as later memoirs and novels makes his book at once impressionistic and analytical. Chapter 1, "Talk in Wartime," employs the metaphor of a railway station, where the people of occupied Europe endure endless waiting for news of loved ones, scarce rationed goods, and the Second Front, while engaging in ceaseless conversation. Rumor, often fueled by wishful thinking, substitutes for knowledge, because the facts are unavailable or too horrible to contemplate. Chapter 2, "Hitler Means War!" surveys the radically different expectations of what Adolf Hitler's rise to power might mean for the future. For many Germans, the Machtergreifung (seizure of power) signaled a much desired rebirth and resurgence of the fatherland: "less than twenty years after the start of World War I, the country looked like August 1914 again, more disciplined, perhaps, but just as ready for military engagement" (25) Clearly, the war weariness many had felt in 1918 had faded, as signaled by the suppression of Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front (1929) The reaction was much different for Frenchmen and many Britons. Even before the advent of the Third Reich, people dreaded the terrors they imagined any future war would entail. "The fear of ferociously destructive air raids sat as deeply in the bones of Europeans in the 1930s as the fear of nuclear attack would during the Cold War a generation later" (39) Parisians and Londoners worried that the new Germany was bent on war, but that apprehension moved more of them toward pacifism and appeasement than anti fascism and resistance. And many overlooked "the centrality of racial thinking to Germany's great power ambitions" (46) Chapter 3, "A New Authoritarian Age?" explores disorientation from the unsettling imposition of German summer time on western Europe to the endless lines of refugees and their abandoned vehicles and belongings along the roads. Many feared France might forsake its republican traditions for Vichy style authoritarianism. Had Hitler's inauguration of the Nazis' "ThousandYear Reich" ended the era of European liberalism? Was civilization itself in peril? Even the Swiss agonized over how much to "adapt" to or "resist" the New Order. However, an enduring belief in their exceptionalism combined with the changing fortunes of war to preserve the "porcupine" federation. Outside Switzerland,
Effect of Subcutaneous Dupilumab on Nasal Polyp Burden in Patients With Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyposis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA

Dupilumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients with asthma and atopic dermatitis, which are both type 2 helper T cell mediated diseases.  To assess inhibition of interleukins 4 and 13 with dupilumab in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.  A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled parallel group study conducted at 13 sites in the United States and Europe between August 2013 and August 2014 in 60 adults with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis refractory to intranasal corticosteroids with 16 weeks of follow up.  Subcutaneous dupilumab (a 600 mg loading dose followed by 300 mg weekly; n 30) or placebo (n 30) plus mometasone furoate nasal spray for 16 weeks.  Change in endoscopic nasal polyp score (range, 0 8; higher scores indicate worse status) at 16 weeks (primary end point) Secondary end points included Lund Mackay computed tomography (CT) score (range, 0 24; higher scores indicate worse status) 22 item SinoNasal Outcome Test score (range, 0 110; higher scores indicating worse quality of life; minimal clinically important difference =8.90) sense of smell assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) score (range, 0 40; higher scores indicate better status) symptoms, and safety.  Among the 60 patients who were randomized (mean [SD] age, 48.4 years [9.4 years] 34 men [56.7% 35 with comorbid asthma) 51 completed the study. The least squares (LS) mean change in nasal polyp score was 0.3 (95% CI, 1.0 to 0.4) with placebo and 1.9 (95% CI, 2.5 to 1.2) with dupilumab (LS mean difference, 1.6 [95% CI, 2.4 to 0.7] P .001) The LS mean difference between the 2 groups for the Lund Mackay CT total score was 8.8 (95% CI, 11.1 to 6.6; P .001) Significant improvements with dupilumab were also observed for the 22 item SinoNasal Outcome Test (LS mean difference between groups, 18.1 [95% CI, 25.6 to 10.6] P .001) and sense of smell assessed by UPSIT (LS mean difference, 14.8 [95% CI, 10.9 to 18.7] P .001) The most common adverse events were nasopharyngitis (33% in the placebo group vs 47% in the dupilumab group) injection site reactions (7% vs 40% respectively) and headache (17% vs 20% CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among adults with symptomatic chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis refractory to intranasal corticosteroids, the addition of subcutaneous dupilumab to mometasone furoate nasal spray compared with mometasone alone reduced endoscopic nasal polyp burden after 16 weeks. Further studies are needed to assess longer treatment duration, larger samples, and direct comparison with other medications.
Automated Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Videos Using Shape and Context Information
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

This paper presents the culmination of our research in designing a system for computer aided detection (CAD) of polyps in colonoscopy videos. Our system is based on a hybrid context shape approach, which utilizes context information to remove non polyp structures and shape information to reliably localize polyps. Specifically, given a colonoscopy image, we first obtain a crude edge map. Second, we remove non polyp edges from the edge map using our unique feature extraction and edge classification scheme. Third, we localize polyp candidates with probabilistic confidence scores in the refined edge maps using our novel voting scheme. The suggested CAD system has been tested using two public polyp databases, CVC ColonDB, containing 300 colonoscopy images with a total of 300 polyp instances from 15 unique polyps, and ASU Mayo database, which is our collection of colonoscopy videos containing 19,400 frames and a total of 5,200 polyp instances from 10 unique polyps. We have evaluated our system using free response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis. At 0.1 false positives per frame, our system achieves a sensitivity of 88.0% for CVC ColonDB and a sensitivity of 48% for the ASU Mayo database. In addition, we have evaluated our system using a new detection latency analysis where latency is defined as the time from the first appearance of a polyp in the colonoscopy video to the time of its first detection by our system. At 0.05 false positives per frame, our system yields a polyp detection latency of 0.3 seconds.
Salary and job satisfaction among economics and business graduates: The effect of match between degree field and job

The purpose of this paper was to compare employment outcomes for individuals who majored in economics and business administration. Economics majors were more likely to work in a job unrelated to the degree field than business administration majors. Economics majors earned higher wages, and mismatch had a smaller effect on wages for economics majors than business majors. Mismatch also had a smaller effect on aspects of job satisfaction for economics graduates compared to business graduates.
Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy

A former Wall Street quant sounds an alarm on the mathematical models that pervade modern life and threaten to rip apart our social fabricWe live in the age of the algorithm. Increasingly, the decisions that affect our liveswhere we go to school, whether we get a car loan, how much we pay for health insuranceare being made not by humans, but by mathematical models. In theory, this should lead to greater fairness: Everyone is judged according to the same rules, and bias is eliminated. But as Cathy ONeil reveals in this urgent and necessary book, the opposite is true. The models being used today are opaque, unregulated, and uncontestable, even when theyre wrong. Most troubling, they reinforce discrimination: If a poor student cant get a loan because a lending model deems him too risky (by virtue of his zip code) hes then cut off from the kind of education that could pull him out of poverty, and a vicious spiral ensues. Models are propping up the lucky and punishing the downtrodden, creating a toxic cocktail for democracy. Welcome to the dark side of Big Data. Tracing the arc of a persons life, ONeil exposes the black box models that shape our future, both as individuals and as a society. These weapons of math destruction score teachers and students, sort rsums, grant (or deny) loans, evaluate workers, target voters, set parole, and monitor our health. ONeil calls on modelers to take more responsibility for their algorithms and on policy makers to regulate their use. But in the end, its up to us to become more savvy about the models that govern our lives. This important book empowers us to ask the tough questions, uncover the truth, and demand change.
Utilizing a Newly Designed Scale for Evaluating Family Support and Its Association with Exclusive Breastfeeding

Although a woman's perception of her family members' support has long been established to be an influential factor on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) it still has not been specified and quantified as a facilitator and guidance for practice.  To investigate in new mothers the association between EBF and maternal perception of family support with a standardized scale that classified support into nine items of behavioral or psychological support.  A cross sectional survey was carried out among 655 new mothers to collect information on their breastfeeding behavior and their corresponding family support at a baby friendly hospital in Beijing, China. Additionally, a nine item standardized scale was used to explore the perceived family support for breastfeeding by new mothers. Breastfeeding behaviors were investigated using the indicators recommended by the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.  The EBF rate was 37.9% The average score on the family perception scale re.
Parameter free probabilistic API mining across GitHub
Venue: SIGSOFT FSE

Existing API mining algorithms can be difficult to use as they require expensive parameter tuning and the returned set of API calls can be large, highly redundant and difficult to understand. To address this, we present PAM (Probabilistic API Miner) a near parameter free probabilistic algorithm for mining the most interesting API call patterns. We show that PAM significantly outperforms both MAPO and UPMiner, achieving 69% test set precision, at retrieving relevant API call sequences from GitHub. Moreover, we focus on libraries for which the developers have explicitly provided code examples, yielding over 300,000 LOC of hand written API example code from the 967 client projects in the data set. This evaluation suggests that the hand written examples actually have limited coverage of real API usages.
fine GRAPE: fine grained APi usage extractor an approach and dataset to investigate API usage
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering

An Application Programming Interface (API) provides a set of functionalities to a developer with the aim of enabling reuse. APIs have been investigated from different angles such as popularity usage and evolution to get a better understanding of their various characteristics. For such studies, software repositories are mined for API usage examples. However, many of the mining algorithms used for such purposes do not take type information into account. Thus making the results unreliable. In this paper, we aim to rectify this by introducing fine GRAPE, an approach that produces fine grained API usage information by taking advantage of type information while mining API method invocations and annotation. By means of fine GRAPE, we investigate API usages from Java projects hosted on GitHub. We select five of the most popular APIs across GitHub Java projects and collect historical API usage information by mining both the release history of these APIs and the code history of every project that uses them. We perform two case studies on the resulting dataset. The first measures the lag time of each client. The second investigates the percentage of used API features. In the first case we find that for APIs that release more frequently clients are far less likely to upgrade to a more recent version of the API as opposed to clients of APIs that release infrequently. The second case study shows us that for most APIs there is a small number of features that is actually used and most of these features relate to those that have been introduced early in the APIs lifecycle.
Evaluation of seabed mapping methods for fine scale classification of extremely shallow benthic habitats application to the Venice Lagoon, Italy

Recent technological developments of multibeam echosounder systems (MBES) allow mapping of benthic habitats with unprecedented detail. MBES can now be employed in extremely shallow waters, challenging data acquisition (as these instruments were often designed for deeper waters) and data interpretation (honed on datasets with resolution sometimes orders of magnitude lower) With extremely high resolution bathymetry and co located backscatter data, it is now possible to map the spatial distribution of fine scale benthic habitats, even identifying the acoustic signatures of single sponges. In this context, it is necessary to understand which of the commonly used segmentation methods is best suited to account for such level of detail. At the same time, new sampling protocols for precisely geo referenced ground truth data need to be developed to validate the benthic environmental classification. This study focuses on a dataset collected in a shallow (2 10 m deep) tidal channel of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. Using 0.05 m and 0.2 m raster grids, we compared a range of classifications, both pixel based and object based approaches, including manual, Maximum Likelihood Classifier, Jenks Optimization clustering, textural analysis and Object Based Image Analysis. Through a comprehensive and accurately geo referenced ground truth dataset, we were able to identify five different classes of the substrate composition, including sponges, mixed submerged aquatic vegetation, mixed detritic bottom (fine and coarse) and unconsolidated bare sediment. We computed estimates of accuracy (namely Overall, User, Producer Accuracies and the Kappa statistic) by cross tabulating predicted and reference instances. Overall, pixel based segmentations produced the highest accuracies and the accuracy assessment is strongly dependent on the number of classes chosen for the thematic output. Tidal channels in the Venice Lagoon are extremely important in terms of habitats and sediment distribution, particularly within the context of the new tidal barrier being built. However, they had remained largely unexplored until now, because of the surveying challenges. The application of this remote sensing approach, combined with targeted sampling, opens a new perspective in the monitoring of benthic habitats in view of a knowledge based management of natural resources in shallow coastal areas.
POLA KONSUMSI FAST FOOD DAN SERAT SEBAGAI FAKTOR GIZI LEBIH PADA REMAJA

Abstrak Gizi lebih atau overweight pada saat sekarang merupakan masalah kesehatan di seluruh dunia, mempengaruhi tidak hanya negara maju tapi juga negara berkembang. Survei obesitas yang dilakukan akhir akhir ini pada anak remaja siswa/siswi SLTP di Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa 7,8% remaja di perkotaan dan 2% remaja di daerah pedesaan mengalami obesitas. Pada tahun 2011 berdasarkan hasil penjaringan peserta didik TA 2011/2012 di Kota Semarang pada remaja usia 16 tahun dari 16.579 anak sebesar 3,71% berstatus gizi lebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara serat dan fast food dengan gizi lebih. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Semarang pada remaja sejumlah 65 orang. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah pola konsumsi fast food dan serat, sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah status gizi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah chi square. Hasilnya, 58,5% responden mengalami malnutrisi yang terdiri dari underweight, overweight, obesitas I, dan obesitas II; sementara 41,5% responden berstatus gizi normal. Sehingga bisa dikatakan bahwa remaja bermasalah dengan status gizi. Konsumsi fast food (p=0,21) dan serat (p=0,43) tidak berhubungan dengan overweight. Sebagian besar responden sering mengkonsumsi fast food (95,4% dan kurang mengkonsumsi serat (84,6% Abstract Overweight is a health problem worldwide, affecting not only developed countries but also developing countries. A recent obesity survey in junior high school students in Yogyakarta showed that 7.8% of teenagers in urban areas and 2% of adolescents in rural areas were obese. In 2011, 3.71% from 16,579 adolescents aged 16 in Semarang were over nutrition. This study aimed to determine if fiber and fast food consumption were correlated with over nutrients. This research was conducted in Semarang with 65 adolescent students as respondents. The independent variables were the pattern of fast food and fiber consumption, while the dependent variable is nutritional status. The data were analyzed with chi square test. The result showed that 58.5% of respondents were malnourished, which consists of underweight, overweight, obese I and obese II; while 41.5% of them were normal in nutrition status. It could be said that the teenagers had a problem with nutritional status. Fast food consumption (p 0.21) and fiber consumption (p 0.43) were not significantly associated with overweight. Most respondents consume fast food frequently (95.4% and consume fiber less (84.6%