nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The eukaryotic CMG helicase pumpjack and integration into the replisome
Venue: Nucleus

The eukaryotic replisome is a multiprotein machine that contains DNA polymerases, sliding clamps, helicase, and primase along with several factors that participate in cell cycle and checkpoint control. The detailed structure of the 11 subunit CMG helicase (Cdc45/Mcm2 7/GINS) has been solved recently by cryoEM single particle 3D reconstruction and reveals pumpjack motions that imply an unexpected mechanism of DNA translocation. CMG is also the organizing center of the replisome. Recent in vitro reconstitution of leading and lagging strand DNA synthesis has enabled structural analysis of the replisome. By building the replisome in stages from pure proteins, single particle EM studies have identified the overall architecture of the eukaryotic replisome. Suprisingly leading and lagging strand polymerases bind to opposite faces of the CMG helicase, unlike the long held view that DNA polymerases are located in back of the helicase to act on the unwound strands.
Reconstitution of a eukaryotic replisome reveals the mechanism of asymmetric distribution of DNA polymerases
Venue: Nucleus

Eukaryotes require 3 DNA polymerases for normal replisome operations, DNA polymerases (Pol) a, delta and epsilon. Recent biochemical and structural studies support the asymmetric use of these polymerases on the leading and lagging strands. Pol epsilon interacts with the 11 subunit CMG helicase, forming a 15 protein leading strand complex that acts processively in leading strand synthesis in vitro, but Pol epsilon is inactive on the lagging strand. The opposite results are observed for Pol delta with CMG. Pol delta is highly active on the lagging strand in vitro, but has only feeble activity with CMG on the leading strand. Pol a also functions with CMG to prime both strands, and is even capable of extending both strands with CMG present. However, extensive DNA synthesis by Pol a is sharply curtailed by the presence of either Pol epsilon or Pol delta, which limits the role of the low fidelity Pol a to the initial priming of synthesis.
Taurine Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Vascular Function in Prehypertension: Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Venue: Hypertension

Taurine, the most abundant, semiessential, sulfur containing amino acid, is well known to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive animal models. However, no rigorous clinical trial has validated whether this beneficial effect of taurine occurs in human hypertension or prehypertension, a key stage in the development of hypertension. In this randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study, we assessed the effects of taurine intervention on BP and vascular function in prehypertension. We randomly assigned 120 eligible prehypertensive individuals to receive either taurine supplementation (1.6 g per day) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Taurine supplementation significantly decreased the clinic and 24 hour ambulatory BPs, especially in those with high normal BP. Mean clinic systolic BP reduction for taurine/placebo was 7.2/2.6 mm Hg, and diastolic BP was 4.7/1.3 mm Hg. Mean ambulatory systolic BP reduction for taurine/placebo was 3.8/0.3 mm Hg, and diastolic BP was 3.5/0.6 mm Hg. In addition, taurine supplementation significantly improved endothelium dependent and endothelium independent vasodilation and increased plasma H2S and taurine concentrations. Furthermore, changes in BP were negatively correlated with both the plasma H2S and taurine levels in taurine treated prehypertensive individuals. To further elucidate the hypotensive mechanism, experimental studies were performed both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that taurine treatment upregulated the expression of hydrogen sulfide synthesizing enzymes and reduced agonist induced vascular reactivity through the inhibition of transient receptor potential channel subtype 3 mediated calcium influx in human and mouse mesenteric arteries. In conclusion, the antihypertensive effect of chronic taurine supplementation shows promise in the treatment of prehypertension through improvement of vascular function.
Effects of dietary taurine on growth, immunity and hyperammonemia in juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed all plant protein diets

An 84 day feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary taurine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (40% protein and 7% lipid) were formulated to contain six graded dietary taurine levels ranging from 0.02 to 2.55% (dry weight) in about 0.5% increments. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile fish (5.18 0.14 g) twice daily to apparent satiation. The results indicated that weight gain and red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit significantly increased as dietary taurine levels increased up to 1.09% but were not significantly different from 1.09 to 2.55% taurine diets. Serum total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing dietary taurine levels, on the contrary, serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, lysozyme activity, phagocytic index, respiratory burst and total immunoglobulin content increased. Fish fed the taurine deficient diet (0.02% of dry diet) showed the highest hepatosomatic index, whole body lipid, white blood cell count and malondialdehyde content. Cumulative mortality in fish fed 0.02 0.48% taurine diets were higher than in fish fed 1.09 2.55% taurine diets after injection with ammonium acetate at hour 24. After the challenge test, fish brain ammonia, glutamate and glutamine contents decreased as dietary taurine levels increased up to 1.09% but no significant differences were found with a further increase in dietary taurine. The two straight broken line regression analysis on weight gain against dietary taurine levels indicated that the optimal dietary taurine requirement was estimated to be 1.09% of the diet. Based on fish growth, immunity and resistance against hyperammonemia, the level of 1.09% taurine in the all plant protein diet is recommended in juvenile yellow catfish.  This study will be useful in developing amino acid balanced diets for intensive culture of yellow catfish.
Can brain drain be good for human capital growth? Evidence from cross country skill premiums and education costs

I study conditions under which a low skill economy can grow its skilled labor force in the presence of brain drain. This occurs when skill premiums are low, and there are individuals in the economy who can afford an education. The model is calibrated to data on 23 low and middle income countries. For 22 of the 23 countries, any increase in the rate of skilled emigration leads to a decline in the steady state proportion of skilled workers. This is because increasing emigration rates does not affect current schooling costs which are binding at the margin. I provide some empirical evidence that the cost of education is relatively high in these countries, and that costs are likely binding because of the (un)availability of student loan programs. For brain drain to lead to a net increase in human capital, reducing education barriers and relaxing credit constraints are important policy responses.
Fault diagnosis and condition monitoring of axial flux permanent magnet wind generators

This paper presents fault detection techniques in an attempt to discriminate between two common faults in axial flux permanent magnet wind generators namely; static eccentricities and interturn short circuit faults. A combination of condition monitoring systems is proposed to achieve the discrimination; with detection techniques derived from current and vibration signatures for both faults using signal processing techniques. Parametric spectral estimation technique is applied as an alternative to the Fourier transform to process the fault signatures. This effectively overcame the problem of non stationarity of signals due to variable wind speed as high frequency resolution was attained with less than three seconds of measurement data. The results will advance the development of standards and technical guidelines in the condition monitoring of permanent magnet synchronous generators in wind turbines.
Chronic Trauma Effects on Personality Traits in Police Officers.
Venue: Journal of traumatic stress

The impact of cumulative occupational exposure to traumatic events (TEs) posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and work environment stress on personality traits over time was examined in 38 police officers from an urban agency. California Psychological Inventory (CPI) personality trait scores from prehire evaluations were compared with follow up CPI scores to test whether exposure to traumatic events was correlated with changes in traits from baseline to 5 10 years later. Measures of occupational TEs, PTS symptoms, and police work environment stress were administered. Mean trait scores declined on all CPI traits analyzed in the study. Trait change was evaluated using the Reliable Change Index; change in participants' scores unlikely to occur by chance ranged from 11% to 63% in the traits examined. All participants reported substantial TE exposure. PTS symptoms were correlated with steeper decline in 4 of 5 traits, with effect sizes ranging from r .47 to r .67. Scores on measures of job related TEs were negatively correlated with only one CPI trait (empathy) at T2 (r .31) and were unrelated to slope of trait change. Work environment stress was significantly related to gender, with female officers reporting higher levels of operational (r .45) and organizational (r .54) stress.
The impact of personality traits and professional experience on police officers' shooting performance under pressure
Venue: Ergonomics

We explored the impact of professional experience and personality on police officers' shooting performance under pressure. We recruited: (1) regular officers, (2) officers wanting to join a specialised arrest unit (AU) (expected to possess more stress resistant traits; pre AU) and (3) officers from this unit (expected to also possess more professional experience; AU) (all male) In Phase 1, we determined personality traits and experience. In Phase 2, state anxiety, shot accuracy, decision making (shoot/don't shoot) movement speed and gaze behaviour were measured while officers performed a shooting test under low and high pressure. Results indicate minimal differences in personality among groups and superior performance of AU officers. Regression analyses showed that state anxiety and shooting performance under high pressure were first predicted by AU experience and second by certain personality traits. Results suggest that although personality traits attenuate the impact of high pressure, it is relevant experience that secures effective performance under pressure.  To obtain information for police selection and training purposes, we let officers who differed in personality and experience execute a shooting test under low and high pressure. Outcomes indicate that experience affected anxiety and performance most strongly, while personality traits of thrill and adventure seeking and self control also had an effect.
Relationship between Personality Traits and Job Satisfaction of Police Officers in Punjab Pakistan

The present study investigated the correlation between personality traits and job satisfaction of police officers in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample consisted of 300 senior police officers. The sample was further divided on the basis of gender differences. The sample was selected from Punjab, Pakistan. Survey research method was used for data collection. Neo Five Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) was used for measuring the personality traits and job satisfaction was measured by Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) scale. Results found that there is a negative correlation between personality traits, neuroticism, openness to experience and job satisfaction, while extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness are positively correlated with job satisfaction.
Safety Assessment of Advanced Imaging Sequences II: Simulations
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control

An automatic approach for simulating the emitted pressure, intensity, and mechanical index (MI) of advanced ultrasound imaging sequences is presented. It is based on a linear simulation of pressure fields using Field II, and it is hypothesized that linear simulation can attain the needed accuracy for predicting MI and Ispta.3 as required by FDA. The method is performed on four different imaging schemes and compared to measurements conducted using the SARUS experimental scanner. The sequences include focused emissions with an F number of 2 with 64 elements that generate highly nonlinear fields. The simulation time is between 0.67 and 2.8 ms per emission and imaging point, making it possible to simulate even complex emission sequences in less than 1 s for a single spatial position. The linear simulations yield a relative accuracy on MI between 12.1% and 52.3% and for Ispta.3 between 38.6% and 62.6% when using the impulse response of the probe estimated from an independent measurement. The accuracy is increased to between 22% and 24.5% for MI and between 33.2% and 27.0% for Ispta.3, when using the pressure response measured at a single point to scale the simulation. The spatial distribution of MI and Ita.3 closely matches that for the measurement, and simulations can, therefore, be used to select the region for measuring the intensities, resulting in a significant reduction in measurement time. It can validate emission sequences by showing symmetry of emitted pressure fields, focal position, and intensity distribution.
Quantitative assessment of micrographia and tremor in static handwriting samples: analysis, diagnostic tools and accommodation.

The two most common movement disorders, Essential Tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) affect about 11 million people only in the US. While PD and ET can be assessed through clinical tests, these tests remain relatively subjective, require expertise to implement, and may not always render reliable results when initial symptoms are subtle. An alternative to this is to study handwriting of subjects, since PD and ET strongly affect handwriting a precision task. A large pool of static existing handwriting samples provides rich information regarding symptomatic effects of PD and ET and their progression. However, detection of subtle yet relevant changes in handwriting as a manifestation of symptomatic progression or therapeutic response in PD and ET is quite challenging. A computerized toolkit based on quantitative analysis of static handwriting samples would be valuable as it could be used to supplement and support clinical assessments, help monitor symptomatic changes, and potentially link this monitoring to PD or ET. Especially, if it could detect relevant changes in handwriting morphology, thus enhancing the resolution of detection procedure. In this dissertation, innovative computerized metrics are presented, by which static handwriting samples can be analyzed to decide whether studied conditions affect the samples. Specifically, these metrics are tested and validated in their ability to measure (a) micrographia effects by comparing normal writing samples with symptomatic ones
Modelling the spectral energy distribution of the red giant in RS Ophiuchi: evidence for irradiation

We present an analysis of optical and infrared spectra of the recurrent nova RS Oph obtained during between 2006 and 2009. The best fit to the optical spectrum for 2006 September 28 gives Teff 3900 K for log g 2.0, while for log g 0.0 we find Teff 4700 K, and a comparison with template stellar spectra provides Teff 4500 K. The observed spectral energy distribution (SED) and the intensities of the emission lines, vary on short (1 d) time scales, due to disc variability. We invoke a simple one component model for the accretion disc, and a model with a hot boundary layer, with high ~3.9 x 10 6M yr 1) and low ~2 x 10 8M yr 1) accretion rates, respectively. Fits to the accretion disc extracted infrared spectrum (2008 July 15) yield effective temperatures for the red giant of Teff 3800 100 K (log g 2.0) and Teff 3700 100 K (log g 0.0) Furthermore, using a more sophisticated approach, we reproduced the optical and infrared SEDs of the red giant in the RS Oph system with a twocomponent model atmosphere, in which 90 per cent of the surface has Teff 3600 K and 10 per cent has Teff 5000 K. Such structure could be due to irradiation of the red giant by the white dwarf.
A Novel Meta Heuristic Based Sequential Forward Feature Selection Approach for Anomaly Detection Systems
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Network and Information Systems for Computers (ICNISC)

Anomaly detection technique play an extraordinary role in the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for its ability to detect novel attacks. To overcome the high dimensionality problem the anomaly detection cursed of, we propose a novel Meta Heuristic based Sequential Forward Selection (MH_SFS) feature selection algorithm, which can be generally implemented in anomaly detection system. It is an improvement of the traditional Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) feature selection algorithm. After every iteration of SFS, we append a meta heuristic search to tackle the "nesting effect" problem. And a filter based function is added to counteract the computational cost from the additional metaheuristic search process. During the testing phase, based on KDD Cup 99 dataset, we compare our improved algorithm to the traditional SFS algorithm and the state of the art IFFS algorithm over three anomaly detection models. The experimental results strongly show that our algorithm can yield higher detection performance and smaller number of features selected, while computations are in a permitted range.
Radical Listening and Dialogue in Educational Research

We seek to trouble the construct of radical listening through an interpretive analysis of our work in a collaborative research project with primary school teachers. At the heart of this project is a focus on researching together with the study participants. During two years, we worked with a group of teachers in a "teacher inquiry group" which sought to shed light on the possibilities of using narrative assessment approaches as an inclusive tool for teaching and learning science. The original goal of the study was to empower teachers to utilize a variety of dialogic assessment tools as tools for learning with their students. Through a guiding focus on radical listening and dialogue, the design of this overall study shifted and changed over time to fit the needs of the different stakeholders, and our focus on narrative assessment approaches also evolved over time. We will use different examples to illustrate the interactions of the teacher inquiry group, and also draw on our own work within our research group to complexify what it means to "listen" learn from, and "dialogue" with the Other.
Towards accuracy improvement in single point incremental forming of shallow parts formed under laser assisted conditions

Single point incrementally formed parts with a low wall angle geometry typically exhibit a manufactured geometry that significantly deviates from the design surface due to accumulated unwanted bulging deformation. Development of the bulge on the bottom of the part might result in wrinkling of the sheet at the bulged region which leads to higher forming forces and can even cease the forming process. In this study, the geometric inaccuracy of low angled parts is investigated by means of both Finite element analysis and an experimental campaign on a conical geometry. Deformation mechanisms in shallow sloped parts have been studied in detail and the tool sheet contact area has been characterized both for low and high angled geometries. In a second phase, the laser assisted single point incremental forming process and its potential for improving accuracy are investigated. To obtain suitable process parameters for a warm forming condition, a transient heat transfer analysis is developed to simulate the laser movement on the conical geometry. Based on the simulated and experimentally determined tool sheet contact zone, different laser spot positioning strategies have been used while the accuracy of the part and forming forces were measured. It has been observed that overforming of the cone wall is due to the continuous deformation of the sheet outside the contact zone which changes into underforming upon laser treatment. By selection of a proper laser positioning strategy a reduction of 42 in bulge height is observed. This shows its effect in reducing radial forming forces.
Reexamining Fear Appeal Models from Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Functional Emotion Theory Perspectives

Recognizing inconsistencies between the extant fear appeal theories and emotion literature, this research integrated cognitive appraisal theory and functional emotion theory into a fear appeal literature and proposed a model that describes a process through which both fear and anxiety can contribute to adaptive responses. Findings from an experiment (N 927) supported the predictions. Fear and anxiety emerged as distinct constructs. Perceived susceptibility was a stronger predictor of anxiety than fear, while perceived severity was a stronger predictor of fear than anxiety. In addition, greater fear and anxiety led to greater response efficacy through increased motivation to obtain protection related information and heightened attention to such information, thus mediating the threat and coping appraisal processes. The SEM model testing the predictions showed that perceived susceptibility had the strongest total effects on protection intention, followed by anxiety, perceived severity, and fear.
An Attitudinal Analysis of English Song Discourse from the Perspective of Appraisal Theory

Appraisal theory is a new development of the interpersonal meaning in systematic functional linguistics. In recent years, the appraisal theory has been widely used in different genres to study whether and how slightly different appraisal methods are used in them. However, analysis of English song discourse with the appraisal theory is rare. Therefore, based on the attitude meaning in the appraisal theory the author analyzes several English song discourses. Through analysis of characteristics of the distribution of attitude resources in the English discourse it aims to find language feature in the English song discourse so as to make readers understand the emotion expressed by the author of the song discourse and the importance of the attitude meaning of the appraisal theory in building interpersonal relations between the author of the song discourse and readers.
Chinese Education Models in a Global Age: Myth or Reality?

The extent to which a distinct Chinese education model can be identified is the subject of much debate. Among the many studies that approach the question, there is a tendency to be selective in elaborating the constituent elements of what could be viewed as a Chinese education model. Moreover, conceptualizations of Chinese education risk implying homogeneity in what can be more accurately understood as the overlapping of heterogeneous notions and practices in different educational contexts. By synthesizing evidence presented in this book and the research that has preceded it, this chapter aims to delineate the main aspects of what has been referred to as a Chinese education model. The chapter first argues that the Chinese education model is characterized by three attributes: dynamism, hybridity, and heterogeneity. It then makes the case that the Chinese education model can be more clearly understood by conceptually disaggregating it into its three key elements: norms, institutions, and individuals.