nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The capsular bending ring: an improvement of the capsular tension ring
Venue: Der Ophthalmologe

SummarySince the first introduction of the capsular ring in 1991, the open capsular tension ring proved to be efficient in various indications and applications: e. g. in zonular dialysis or or weakness, with integrated tinted sector shield in sector or aniridia, to facilitate primary posterior capsulorhexis, for prophylaxis of intraocular lens decentration or as an intraocular measuring gauge. Nishi modified this capsular tension ring mainly by increasing the width to 0.7 mm and created a rectangular edge, thus facilitating the creation of a sharp, discontinuous bend in the equatorial capsule. This band shaped, sharp edged capsule bending ring prevented the anterior capsule from coming into contact with the posterior capsule. This is most likely due to the 0.7 mm width of the capsule bending ring, which significantly prevented anterior capsule opacification, which commonly occurs within one month postoperatively. Posterior capsule opacification seems to be reduced as well, but final evaluation is needed for a longer period of time. The capsular tension ring as well as the capsular bending ring enlarge our surgical options in modern cataract surgery. Both can be considered as a useful instrument and promising innovation.ZusammenfassungSeit der Erstbeschreibung des Kapselspannrings im Jahre 1991 hat sich der Kapselspannring bei verschiedenen Indikationen und Anwendungsmoglichkeiten bewahrt: so u. a. bei Zonulaschwache bzw. Zonulolyse, mit eingearbeiteter Sektorblende bei Sektorkolobom der Iris, mit multiplen Sektorblenden bei Aniridie, zur Erleichterung der primaren posterioren Kapsulorhexis, zur Prophylaxe einer Linsendezentrierung oder als intraokulare Messlehre.Nishi modifizierte diesen Kapselspannring durch Vergrosserung der Breite auf 0,7 mm und Anlegen einer rechtwinkligen Kante, um einen scharfen, im aquatorialen Anteil der Kapsel gelegenen Knick zu schaffen. Dieser bandformige Kapselknickring wirkt aufgrund seiner Breite einem Kontakt der Linsenvorderkapsel mit der Hinterkapsel entgegen. Eine Fibrosierung der Linsenvorderkapsel trat signifikant seltener ein. Das Ausmass und die Inzidenz des regeneratorischen Nachstars war 6 Monate postoperativ ebenfalls signifikant vermindert, jedoch ist fur eine valide Ausage ein langerer postoperativer Nachbeobachtungszeitraum erforderlich.Der Kapselspannring wie auch der Kapselknickring bereichern unsere chirurgischen Optionen in der modernen Kataraktchirurgie und durfen als nutzliche Instrumente sowie vielversprechende Innovation angesehen werden.
Management of aniridia and iris defects: an update on iris prosthesis options
Venue: Current opinion in ophthalmology

This review examines the advantages and limitations of the various iris prostheses as treatment for aniridia. Recent findings Multiple prosthetic iris devices have been developed for implantation in eyes with aniridia. However, none is currently approved for use in the USA.  Aniridia can be congenital or traumatic in etiology and can lead to glare and other visual disturbances. Treatment options include colored contact lenses, corneal tattooing, and corneal stromal implants, although these carry significant risks of infection and corneal scarring. Prosthetic iris devices can often simultaneously treat aphakia or cataract as well as aniridia, and various models are currently available around the world from Morcher GMBH (Kapuzinerweg 12, 70374 Stuttgart, Germany) Ophtec USA Inc. (6421 Congress Ave Suite 12, Boca Raton, FL 33487, USA) and HumanOptics (Erlangen, Germany) Surgical planning and technique are important in optimizing the safety of these devices. The CustomFlex iris prosthesis from HumanOptics can be implanted within the capsular bag or ciliary sulcus with scleral fixation and offers excellent cosmetic outcomes. At present, the HumanOptics prosthetic iris is being investigated in a multicenter clinical trial.
Analysis of De Laval nozzle designs employed for plasma figuring of surfaces

Plasma figuring is a dwell time fabrication process that uses a locally delivered chemical reaction through means of an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch to correct surface figure errors. This paper presents two investigations for a high temperature jet (5000 K) that is used in the context of the plasma figuring process. Firstly, an investigation focuses on the aerodynamic properties of this jet that streamed through the plasma torch De Laval nozzle and impinged optical surfaces. Secondly, the work highlights quantitatively the effects of changing the distance between the processed surface and nozzle outlet. In both investigations, results of numerical models and experiments were correlated. The authors' modelling approach is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) The model is specifically created for this harsh environment. Designated areas of interests in the model domain are the nozzle convergent divergent and the impinged substrate regions. Strong correlations are highlighted between the gas flow velocity near the surface and material removal footprint profiles. In conclusion, the CFD model supports the optimization of an ICP torch design to fulfil the demand for the correction of ultra precision surfaces.
ASSESSMENT RESULTS OF FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION NUMERICAL SIMULATION USING FUZZY LOGIC

A fuzzy approximation concept is applied in order to predict results of coupled computational structure mechanics and computational fluid dynamics while solving a problem of steady incompressible gas flow through thermally loaded rectangular thin walled channel. Channel wall deforms into wave type shapes depending on thermal load and fluid inlet velocity inducing the changes of fluid flow accordingly. A set of fluid structure interaction (FSI) numerical tests have been defined by varying the values of fluid inlet velocity, temperature of inner and outer surface of the channel wall and numerical grid density. The unsteady Navier Stokes equations are numerically solved using an element based finite volume method and second order backward Euler discretization scheme. The structural model is solved by finite element method including geometric and material nonlinearities. The implicit two way iterative code coupling, partitioned solution approach, were used while solving these numerical tests. Results of numerical analysis indicate that gravity and pressure distribution inside the channel contributes to triggering the shape of deformation. In the inverse problem, the results of FSI numerical simulations formed a database of input variables for development fuzzy logic based models considering downstream pressure drop and maximum stresses as the objective functions. Developed fuzzy models predicted targeting results within a reasonable accuracy limit at lower computation cost compared to series of FSI numerical calculations. Smaller relative difference were obtained when calculating the values of pressure drop then maximal stresses indicating that transfer function influence on output values have to be additionally investigated.
Does Antigone Stand or Fall in Relation to Hegel's Master Slave dialectic? A Response to Derrida's Glas

In Glas, Derrida focuses his attention on a question regarding the family, on the unintelligibility of familial love for which Hegel makes Antigone representative. The account of the emergence of self consciousness in the family differs in several crucial ways from the standard account of how Hegelian self consciousness is constituted in the master slave dialectic. Most notably, the achievement of self consciousness through familial love involves no risk of life, no struggle to the death, no conflict. While Derrida refrains from interrogating the relation between the master slave dialectic and sexual difference directly, he interrogates the peaceful recognition that Hegel says occurs between Polynices as brother and Antigone as sister. I explore the silences that punctuate Derrida's discussion of Antigone, especially his silence on Hegel's twofold elision of the master slave dialectic with the husband wife relation, and of Antigone with the figure of the wife. By symbolically marrying her off, Hegel subor.
How Do CEO Incentives Affect Corporate Tax Planning and Financial Reporting of Income Taxes

We examine how different accounting metrics used to evaluate CEO performance for annual bonuses affect the level of corporate tax planning as well as financial reporting for income taxes. We predict and find that firms using cash flow metrics report lower GAAP and cash effective tax rates (ETR) than firms using earnings metrics. We also find that firms using after tax earnings metrics report lower GAAP ETRs but similar cash ETRs as firms using pre tax earnings metrics. Further analyses show that firms using after tax earnings metrics are more likely to designate foreign earnings as permanently reinvested and have lower discretionary reserves for tax uncertainty. Hence, it appears that both types of firms engage in similar levels of tax planning, but firms evaluating CEOs with after tax earnings metrics incentivize different financial reporting choices.
How do CEO incentives affect corporate tax planning and financial reporting of income taxes?

We examine how different accounting metrics used to evaluate CEO performance for annual bonuses affect the level of corporate tax planning as well as financial reporting for income taxes. We predict and find that firms using cash flow metrics report lower GAAP and cash effective tax rates (ETR) than firms using earnings metrics. We also find that firms using after tax earnings metrics report lower GAAP ETRs but similar cash ETRs as firms using pre tax earnings metrics. Further analyses show that firms using after tax earnings metrics are more likely to designate foreign earnings as permanently reinvested and have lower discretionary reserves for tax uncertainty. Hence, it appears that both types of firms engage in similar levels of tax planning, but firms evaluating CEOs with after tax earnings metrics incentivize different financial reporting choices.
Rethinking Competitive Strategy in Mature Industries: An externally focused in depth study into how companies in mature industries can rethink their competitive strategies.

Today's rapidly changing environment amplifies the need for companies no matter the industry, to stay on top of their game and not lose market share to competing firms. This is particularly true of companies in mature industries, and therefore, is a worthy area of study and the focus of this thesis. Rethinking Competitive Strategy in Mature Industries is an in depth, exploratory study, with an empirical focus on a single case study, Business Unit Building (BUB) Qualitative data was collected from thirteen interviews based on semi structured questions. Published reports were additionally considered. Although it is advisable not to generalize, the single case study acts as inspiration for other companies in similar positions seeking to rethink their strategies. The theoretical framework includes Porter's five forces, Porter's generic strategies, as well as other more general competitive strategy theories. These are rendezvoused into one model that shows the theories in sequence, which can be implemented when developing competitive strategies. The conclusions show that the stage of the industry life cycle is a defining factor of the competitive strategies that firms must take. A key take away is that companies should not be afraid of proactive strategic change, which may be the only way to maintain or re gain a competitive position amongst multiple competitors, who oftentimes follow similar strategies and provide customers with similar product offerings. Thus regardless of the generic strategy that companies decide to pursue, they must adopt a proactive competitive strategy in then deciding which generic strategy(ies) would be most useful.
Exploitation of Marine Gravity Measurements of the Mediterranean in the Validation of Global Gravity Field Models

Over the oceans, data from altimetry are currently the only input data for the latest global geoid models such as EGM08 or EIGEN6C. Over the Mediterranean sea, satellite altimetry does not give good results for gravity models. In particular because of the high ocean variability and in the vicinity of the coast in some areas. A marine gravity data compilation and screening was conducted as part of an international project GEOMED2 for calculating the geoid of the Mediterranean sea. In this paper, marine gravity data and their processing are described. The shipborne gravity data are validated and an estimation of the error is done. Then the cleaned data are used to validate the Global Geoid models (GGm)
Using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1 to conceptualize the clinical content of Breaking Free Online: a computer assisted therapy program for substance use disorders
Venue: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

BackgroundIn recent years, research within the field of health psychology has made significant progress in terms of advancing and standardizing the science of developing, evaluating and reporting complex behavioral change interventions. A major part of this work has involved the development of an evidence based Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) as a means of describing the active components contained within such complex interventions. To date, however, this standardized approach derived from health psychology research has not been applied to the development of complex interventions for the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD) Therefore, this paper uses Breaking Free Online (BFO) a computer assisted therapy program for SUD, as an example of how the clinical techniques contained within such an intervention might be mapped onto the BCTTv1.MethodThe developers of BFO were able to produce a full list of the clinical techniques contained within BFO. Exploratory mapping of the BCTTv1 onto the clinical content of the BFO program was conducted separately by the authors of the paper. This included the developers of the BFO program and psychology professionals working within the SUD field. These coded techniques were reviewed by the authors and any discrepancies in the coding were discussed between all authors until an agreement was reached.ResultsThe BCTTv1 was mapped onto the clinical content of the BFO program. At least one behavioral change technique was found in 12 out of 16 grouping categories within the BCTTv1. A total of 26 out of 93 behavior change techniques were identified across the clinical content of the program.ConclusionThis exploratory mapping exercise has identified the specific behavior change techniques contained within BFO, and has provided a means of describing these techniques in a standardized way using the BCTTv1 terminology. It has also provided an opportunity for the BCTTv1 mapping process to be reported to the wider SUD treatment community, as it may have real utility in the development and evaluation of other psychosocial and behavioral change interventions within this field.
What do we learn from rating metaphors?
Venue: CogSci

What makes some metaphors easier to understand than others? Theoretical accounts of metaphor processing appeal to dimensions like conventionality and aptness to explain variability in metaphor comprehensibility. In a typical experiment, one group of naive participants rates a set of metaphoric sentences along these dimensions, while another is timed reading the same sentences. Then, the ratings are used to predict response times in order to identify the most relevant linguistic dimension for metaphor comprehension. However, surprisingly high correlations between ratings of theoretically orthogonal constructs and the results of an experiment in which a context manipulation affected ratings of metaphor conventionality and aptness suggest that these measures should be treated as dependent, rather than explanatory, variables. We discuss the implications of this perspective for theories of language processing.
Strategic Environmental Assessment practices in European small islands: Insights from Azores and Orkney islands

The literature concerning Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) often refers to the importance of context specific approaches. However, there is a lack of systematised and consistent studies that enhance tailor made SEA practices and procedures. Small islands are bounded units of study which may help explore SEA theory and practice in special territories. Small islands present particular features and unique values, such as, small size and population, geographic isolation, limited resources and vulnerable ecosystems. Hence, the main goal of this research was to profile SEA practices and procedures in European small islands and provide a background for future research aiming to improve context specific SEA applications. To achieve this goal, an exploratory case study was developed using Azores (Portugal) and Orkney (Scotland) archipelagos. An analysis of the corresponding mainland was also carried out to contextualise both case studies. The data collection was achieved through a qualitative content analysis of 43 Environmental Reports. The research found that there is not an SEA context specific approach used within these European small islands, including guidelines, assessment topics, assessment techniques, follow up and stakeholders engagement. The debate concerning specific approaches to small islands must be re focused on the enhancement of SEA capacity building amongst different stakeholders (including decision makers) on the development and implementation of collaborative approaches, and on the exchange of knowledge and experiences between small islands networks.
Speculative disassembly of binary code
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Compliers, Architectures, and Sythesis of Embedded Systems (CASES)

Embedded software is rapidly increasing in complexity. To cope with this, developers rely on third party IPs to accelerate product delivery. However, IP source code might not be available which limits verifiability. This creates a particular challenge especially in safety critical applications, e.g. automotive. Static Binary Analysis (SBA) is a promising technique to address such a challenge by providing engineers with the ability to reason about the actual instructions executed for all possible inputs. Disassembly is the fundamental first step for any SBA where assembly instructions are recovered from binary code. Correct disassembly, however, is challenging since data is mixed with code in binaries. Moreover, variable size ISA, e.g. Thumb and TriCore, allow a single byte sequence to have multiple valid interpretations. We introduce Spedi, an open source SPEculative DIsassembler for Thumb ISA. Spedi is based on a principled approach to disassembly where all possible basic blocks are speculatively recovered. Then, basic blocks are refined using conflict analyses to identify assembly instructions. Experiments using a wide range of benchmarks demonstrate that Spedi is both fast and effective. It outperforms IDA Pro, the de facto industry standard disassembler, in terms of disassembly correctness. Spedi can also recover the majority of the call graph and switch table targets. It is resilient to obfuscation and doesn't use any symbol information which makes it a suitable front end for a wide variety of SBA applications including security analysis.
An essential cell autonomous role for hepcidin in cardiac iron homeostasis
Venue: eLife

Hepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Derived primarily from the liver, it inhibits the iron exporter ferroportin in the gut and spleen, the sites of iron absorption and recycling respectively. Recently, we demonstrated that ferroportin is also found in cardiomyocytes, and that its cardiac specific deletion leads to fatal cardiac iron overload. Hepcidin is also expressed in cardiomyocytes, where its function remains unknown. To define the function of cardiomyocyte hepcidin, we generated mice with cardiomyocyte specific deletion of hepcidin, or knock in of hepcidin resistant ferroportin. We find that while both models maintain normal systemic iron homeostasis, they nonetheless develop fatal contractile and metabolic dysfunction as a consequence of cardiomyocyte iron deficiency. These findings are the first demonstration of a cell autonomous role for hepcidin in iron homeostasis. They raise the possibility that such function may also be important in other tissues that express both hepcidin and ferroportin, such as the kidney and the brain.
Automating multi throw multilateral surgical suturing with a mechanical needle guide and sequential convex optimization
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

For supervised automation of multi throw suturing in Robot Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery, we present a novel mechanical needle guide and a framework for optimizing needle size, trajectory, and control parameters using sequential convex programming. The Suture Needle Angular Positioner (SNAP) results in a 3x error reduction in the needle pose estimate in comparison with the standard actuator. We evaluate the algorithm and SNAP on a da Vinci Research Kit using tissue phantoms and compare completion time with that of humans from the JIGSAWS dataset  Initial results suggest that the dVRK can perform suturing at 30% of human speed while completing 86% suture throws attempted. Videos and data are available at: berkeleyautomation.github.io/amts.
MECAT: an ultra fast mapping, error correction and de novo assembly tool for single molecule sequencing reads

The high computational cost of current assembly methods for the long, noisy single molecular sequencing (SMS) reads has prevented them from assembling large genomes. We introduce an ultra fast alignment method based on a novel global alignment score. For large human SMS data, our method is 7X faster than MHAP for pairwise alignment and 15X faster than BLASR for reference mapping. We develop a Mapping, Error Correction and de novo Assembly Tool (MECAT) by integrating our new alignment and error correction methods, with the Celera Assembler. MECAT is capable of producing high quality de novo assembly of large genome from SMS reads with low computational cost. MECAT produces reference quality assemblies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster and reconstructs the human CHM1 genome with 15% longer NG50 in only 7600 CPU core hours using 54X SMS reads and a Chinese Han genome in 19200 CPU core hours using 102X SMS reads.
Measuring Business Process Management using business process orientation and process improvement initiatives
Venue: Bus. Process. Manag. J.

Past research examining Business Process Management (BPM) mainly focussed on either process alignment, business process orientation (BPO) or process improvement initiative (PII) constructs. However, based on the definition of BPM by Zairi (1997) and Lee and Dale (1998) BPM comprises all the elements of process alignment, BPO and PII. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to present a total view of measuring BPM through combining BPO and PIIs.  Quantitative research technique was applied for this study. The study was carried out in Malaysia. Close ended survey instrument was administered to a large number of organisations.  The findings revealed that the elements of BPM cover both process management as well as process improvements.  The findings from this study is important for practitioners to regard continuous improvement as a component of BPM practice.