nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Hazel Run, and: Catherine's Furnace, and: The Quarry, and: XXX, and: Flash, and: You Got to Pray to the Lord When You See Those Flying Saucers

I just entered you, he said. Like name it and claim it. The preacher on the radio winds his black stole around your eyes. Small red clots of language between my legs. This is where the girl was found.  Down at the creek, carrying so much blood during the Battle of the Wilderness, the swollen banks burst. The children knew this history by instinct, war between brothers. Your body just obeyed, crouch and clinch, the reflex against another body in its strike. Before the violence of adulthood was the violence of childhood and before that a whole history of bloodshed as inheritance. We waded in the shallow waters, the flash and stab of pyrite and sunlight and the strike of the flint in our hands, all of it exploded ordnance, tracers of bullets to mark a place deeply as only war does. We were always injured down there in our woods, in the waters of our creek, ankles serrated, braceleted in barbed wire, our fingers stippled
Adaptation of Language Models for SMT Using Neural Networks with Topic Information
Venue: ACM Trans. Asian Low Resour. Lang. Inf. Process.

Neural network language models (LMs) are shown to be effective in improving the performance of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. However, state of the art neural network LMs usually use words before the current position as context and neglect global topic information, which can help machine translation (MT) systems to select better translation candidates from a higher perspective. In this work, we propose improvement of the state of the art feedforward neural language model with topic information. Two main issues need to be tackled when adding topics into neural network LMs for SMT: one is how to incorporate topics to the neural network; the other is how to get target side topic distribution before translation. We incorporate topics by appending topic distribution to the input layer of a feedforward LM. We adopt a multinomial logistic regression (MLR) model to predict the target side topic distribution based on source side information. Moreover, we propose a feedforward neural network model to learn joint representations on the source side for topic prediction. LM experiments demonstrate that the perplexity on validation set can be greatly reduced by the topic enhanced feedforward LM, and the prediction of target side topics can be improved dramatically with the MLR model equipped with the joint source representations. A final MT experiment, conducted on a large scale Chinese English dataset, shows that our feedforward LM with predicted topics improves the translation performance against a strong baseline.
Innovations in Hospitality Industry

The article focuses on the study of the role and importance of innovation, its classification, the problems of its application in the hotel industry with emphasis on the application of sensory marketing tools in the development of the innovative marketing mix within the hospitality industry. The article provides an analysis of the "seven sensual notes of hospitality" i.e. "sight" "hearing" "smell" "taste" "touch" "intuition" "impression" The authors rely on the "sensual notes" in their consideration of an innovative hotel marketing mix, generalize and systematize the results of studies, practical examples from the experience of the world best hotels. The authors have conducted a comparative analysis of research findings pinpointing the impact of the innovative marketing mix on the performance of hospitality industry enterprises.
Study on Modification of Lignin as Dispersant of Aqueous Graphene Suspension and Corrosion Performance in Waterborne G/Epoxy Coating

Though graphene (G) as an excellent protective material for metal, it can aggravate met al corrosion in other side. The modification of sodium lignin sulfonate was achieved by using itaconic acid and acrylamide,which was proved by UV vis and Raman spectra. The modified sodium lignin sulfonate (LAI) with more carboxylic groups can be used as the dispersan t for aqueous graphene suspension. The commercial graphen e can be dispersed uniformly and stability in water v ia p p interaction with LAI at high concentration (6 mg/mL and the LAI G system can be used as an inhibitor in waterborne epoxy coatings too. Electrochemical impedance spectroscope (EIS) and Tafel polarization curves showed that the corrosion performance of waterborne epoxy system with well dispersed G (0.5 wt was remarkably improved compared with pure epoxy coating. Keywords sodium lignin sulfonate, graphene, waterborne epoxy coating, dispersion, corrosion resistance.
Continuous Monitoring of Aortic Valve Opening in Rotary Blood Pump Patients
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering

Rotary blood pumps (RBPs) typically support the left ventricle by pumping blood from the ventricle to the aorta, partially bypassing the aortic valve (AV) Monitoring the AV opening during RBP support would provide important information about cardiac pump interaction. However, currently this information is not continuously available. In this study, an algorithm to determine AV opening using available pump signals was evaluated in humans.  Pump speed changes were performed in 15 RBP patients to elicit opening of the AV. Simultaneously to pump data recordings, the AV was continuously monitored using echocardiography. The algorithm, which classifies the AV state utilizing three features (skewness, kurtosis, and crest factor) calculated from the pump flow waveform, was compared to echocardiography by using cross validation analysis. Additionally, numerical simulation was used to evaluate effects of different pump characteristics and cannula length, as well as mitral valve insufficiency on the AV opening detection method.  More than 7000 heart beats were analyzed. The correct classification rate using the developed algorithm was 91.1% (sensitivity 91.0% specificity 91.2% Numerical simulations showed that the flow waveform shape used for AV opening detection is preserved under the different conditions studied.  This study demonstrates that the AV opening can be reliably detected in RBP patients using available pump data.  Once implemented in RBP controllers, this method will provide a novel tool to improve the management of RBP patients, particularly for adjustments of the pump speed and flow and for the evaluation of the assisted cardiac function.
Crestal Bone Changes Around Implants with Implant Abutment Connections at Epicrestal Level or Above: Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.
Venue: The International journal of oral maxillofacial implants

The aim of this systematic review and meta analysis was to evaluate crestal bone changes around implants when placing the implant abutment connection at the crestal bone level or above.  Medline (Pubmed) EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to January 2014 were electronically and hand searched for any publications that evaluated radiographic crestal bone changes around nonsubmerged, rough surfaced implants placed in healed sites in humans and loaded for a minimum of 1 year.  The search yielded 1,122 publications; 1,106 could not be included. After 16 full text articles were read and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, four were included. The mean difference was 0.29 mm (95% CI, 0.58 mm to 0.01 mm) Heterogeneity between studies was observed (I2 95% Significantly more crestal bone change was seen in the epicrestal implant abutment (bone level) connection group when compared to implants with the prosthetic connection above the crestal bone level (tissue level) (P .00001) CONCLUSION Dental implants at bone level show significantly less crestal bone change after 1 year of loading than tissue level implants.
A Scalable Permutation Approach Reveals Replication and Preservation Patterns of Network Modules in Large Datasets.
Venue: Cell systems

Network modules topologically distinct groups of edges and nodes that are preserved across datasets can reveal common features of organisms, tissues, cell types, and molecules. Many statistics to identify such modules have been developed, but testing their significance requires heuristics. Here, we demonstrate that current methods for assessing module preservation are systematically biased and produce skewed p values. We introduce NetRep, a rapid and computationally efficient method that uses a permutation approach to score module preservation without assuming data are normally distributed. NetRep produces unbiased p values and can distinguish between true and false positives during multiple hypothesis testing. We use NetRep to quantify preservation of gene coexpression modules across murine brain, liver, adipose, and muscle tissues. Complex patterns of multi tissue preservation were revealed, including a liver derived housekeeping module that displayed adipose and muscle specific association with body weight. Finally, we demonstrate the broader applicability of NetRep by quantifying preservation of bacterial networks in gut microbiota between men and women.
R FCN: Object Detection via Region based Fully Convolutional Networks
Venue: NIPS

We present region based, fully convolutional networks for accurate and efficient object detection. In contrast to previous region based detectors such as Fast/Faster R CNN that apply a costly per region subnetwork hundreds of times, our region based detector is fully convolutional with almost all computation shared on the entire image. To achieve this goal, we propose position sensitive score maps to address a dilemma between translation invariance in image classification and translation variance in object detection. Our method can thus naturally adopt fully convolutional image classifier backbones, such as the latest Residual Networks (ResNets) for object detection. We show competitive results on the PASCAL VOC datasets (e.g. 83.6% mAP on the 2007 set) with the 101 layer ResNet. Meanwhile, our result is achieved at a test time speed of 170ms per image, 2.5 20 times faster than the Faster R CNN counterpart. Code is made publicly available at: https:/github.com/daijifeng001/r fcn.
The Competitive Ethos And Democratic Education

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ETHOS an effective theory of structure formation: From dark particle physics to the matter distribution of the Universe

We formulate an effective theory of structure formation (ETHOS) that enables cosmological structure formation to be computed in almost any microphysical model of dark matter physics. This framework maps the detailed microphysical theories of particle dark matter interactions into the physical effective parameters that shape the linear matter power spectrum and the self interaction transfer cross section of nonrelativistic dark matter. These are the input to structure formation simulations, which follow the evolution of the cosmological and galactic dark matter distributions. Models with similar effective parameters in ETHOS but with different dark particle physics would nevertheless result in similar dark matter distributions. We present a general method to map an ultraviolet complete or effective field theory of low energy dark matter physics into parameters that affect the linear matter power spectrum and carry out this mapping for several representative particle models. We further propose a simple but useful choice for characterizing the dark matter self interaction transfer cross section that parametrizes self scattering in structure formation simulations. Taken together, these effective parameters in ETHOS allow the classification of dark matter theories according to their structure formation properties rather than their intrinsic particle properties, paving the way for future simulations to span the space of viable dark matter physics relevant for structure formation.
ETHOS an effective theory of structure formation: dark matter physics as a possible explanation of the small scale CDM problems

We present the first simulations within an effective theory of structure formation (ETHOS) which includes the effect of interactions between dark matter and dark radiation on the linear initial power spectrum and dark matter self interactions during non linear structure formation. We simulate a Milky Way like halo in four different dark matter models and the cold dark matter case. Our highest resolution simulation has a particle mass of 2.8 x 10^4 M_ and a softening length of 72.4 pc. We demonstrate that all alternative models have only a negligible impact on large scale structure formation. On galactic scales, however, the models significantly affect the structure and abundance of subhaloes due to the combined effects of small scale primordial damping in the power spectrum and late time self interactions. We derive an analytic mapping from the primordial damping scale in the power spectrum to the cutoff scale in the halo mass function and the kinetic decoupling temperature. We demonstrate that certain models within this extended effective framework that can alleviate the too big to fail and missing satellite problems simultaneously, and possibly the core cusp problem. The primordial power spectrum cutoff of our models naturally creates a diversity in the circular velocity profiles, which is larger than that found for cold dark matter simulations. We show that the parameter space of models can be constrained by contrasting model predictions to astrophysical observations. For example, some models may be challenged by the missing satellite problem if baryonic processes were to be included and even oversolve the too big to fail problem; thus ruling them out.
A systematic review of intervention thresholds based on FRAX
Venue: Archives of Osteoporosis

SummaryThis systematic review identified assessment guidelines for osteoporosis that incorporate FRAX. The rationale for intervention thresholds is given in a minority of papers. Intervention thresholds (fixed or age dependent) need to be country specific.IntroductionIn most assessment guidelines, treatment for osteoporosis is recommended in individuals with prior fragility fractures, especially fractures at spine and hip. However, for those without prior fractures, the intervention thresholds can be derived using different methods. The aim of this report was to undertake a systematic review of the available information on the use of FRAX(r) in assessment guidelines, in particular the setting of thresholds and their validation.MethodsWe identified 120 guidelines or academic papers that incorporated FRAX of which 38 provided no clear statement on how the fracture probabilities derived are to be used in decision making in clinical practice. The remainder recommended a fixed intervention threshold (n 58) most commonly as a component of more complex guidance (e.g. bone mineral density (BMD) thresholds) or an age dependent threshold (n 22) Two guidelines have adopted both age dependent and fixed thresholds.ResultsFixed probability thresholds have ranged from 4 to 20 for a major fracture and 1.3 5 for hip fracture. More than one half (39) of the 58 publications identified utilised a threshold probability of 20 for a major osteoporotic fracture, many of which also mention a hip fracture probability of 3 as an alternative intervention threshold. In nearly all instances, no rationale is provided other than that this was the threshold used by the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA. Where undertaken, fixed probability thresholds have been determined from tests of discrimination (Hong Kong) health economic assessment (USA, Switzerland) to match the prevalence of osteoporosis (China) or to align with pre existing guidelines or reimbursement criteria (Japan, Poland) Age dependent intervention thresholds, first developed by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) are based on the rationale that if a woman with a prior fragility fracture is eligible for treatment, then, at any given age, a man or woman with the same fracture probability but in the absence of a previous fracture (i.e. at the 'fracture threshold' should also be eligible. Under current NOGG guidelines, based on age dependent probability thresholds, inequalities in access to therapy arise especially at older ages =70 years) depending on the presence or absence of a prior fracture. An alternative threshold using a hybrid model reduces this disparity.ConclusionThe use of FRAX (fixed or age dependent thresholds) as the gateway to assessment identifies individuals at high risk more effectively than the use of BMD. However, the setting of intervention thresholds needs to be country specific.
Why the European Association of Nuclear Medicine has declined to endorse the 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer
Venue: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Recently the American Thyroid Association (ATA) released the third version of one of the most cited differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) guidelines under the title B2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer^ [1] Compared to the earlier versions [2, 3] these guidelines are a major departure, as the volume of the text, the number of recommendations and the number of references have increased considerably. We fully understand the effort involving many hours of work that must have been required for the rigorous screening of the literature to produce the evidence tables and the eventual definitions of the recommendations. The document consists of roughly 73,000 words which make up the 101 recommendations and the explanatory text and comments. In the current ATA guidelines, most of the text appears eminently sensible and represents a significant advance from previous DTC related guidelines published by the ATA as well as other societies, including the 2008 European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) guidelines on I therapy of DTC [4 7] For instance, we welcome the clear division of indications for initial I treatment of DTC patients after total thyroidectomy into ablation, adjuvant therapy and therapy. Furthermore, this change in terminology which we strongly support much more clearly delineates the role of I in the care of patients with DTC in other disciplines, especially medical oncology. Considering all the factors that have to be weighed in formulating recommendations this is a huge dedicated effort that has come to fruition.
Approaching human level facial landmark localization by deep learning
Venue: Image Vis. Comput.

In this paper we present our solution to the 300 Faces in the Wild Facial Landmark Localization Challenge. We demonstrate how to achieve very competitive localization performance with a simple deep learning based system. Human study is conducted to show that the accuracy of our system has been very close to human performance. We discuss how this finding would affect our future direction to improve our system. We show how to achieve state of the art facial landmark localization by CNN.The system's performance is improved by deeper network.We show our system's performance is close to human.
An fMRI Study of Concreteness Effects during Spoken Word Recognition in Aging. Preservation or Attenuation?
Venue: Front. Aging Neurosci.

It is unclear whether healthy aging influences concreteness effects (i.e. the processing advantage seen for concrete over abstract words) and its associated neural mechanisms. We conducted an fMRI study on young and older healthy adults performing auditory lexical decisions on concrete vs. abstract words. We found that spoken comprehension of concrete and abstract words appears relatively preserved for healthy older individuals, including the concreteness effect. This preserved performance was supported by altered activity in left hemisphere regions including the inferior and middle frontal gyri, angular gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. This pattern is consistent with age related compensatory mechanisms supporting spoken word processing.
L'Art des ghostnets: vingt mille filets autour de la mer Ghostnet art: twenty thousand nets around the sea

A cote des millions de sacs en plastique et des emballages industriels qui finissent chaque annee dans les oceans se trouvent de nombreux equipements de peche. Certains de ces objets, comme les ancres et les casiers, reposent au fond des oceans mais la plupart, notamment les filets et les cordes, flottent et circulent au gre des courants. La pollution marine provenant de la peche industrielle et recreative est estimee a pres de 6,4 millions de tonnes de dechets par an (Wilcox et al. 2014) De tous ces materiaux, les filets de peche sont les plus dangereux pour la faune marine qui s'y enchevetre, les ingere ou souffre des elements toxiques qu'ils degagent. De plus, ces dechets flottants constituent potentiellement des plateformes sur lesquelles des especes invasives se developpent (Gregory, 2009) Ces filets delestes ou perdus, ces tueurs silencieux (Gunn, 2016) sont appeles en anglais des ghost nets, litteralement des filets fantomes.  Besides the millions of plastic bags and industrial packaging dumped in the marine environment every year, a lot of fishing equipment is lost, abandoned or simply discarded. Some of it, such as anchors, sinks to the seafloor but most travels the oceans with currents and tides until it eventually washes up on the coast. Over 6.4 million tons of waste, from both commercial and recreational fishing activities, are lost each year (Wilcox et al.2014) Of all this waste, fishing nets are the deadliest. They pose a serious threat to marine animals which get strangled in them, suffer debilitating lacerations or are poisoned by the predominantly plastic material. They also create a platform to carry invasive species to pristine shores (Gregory, 2009) These "silent lethal killers" (Gunn, 2016) are known as ghost nets.
Three Preservation Solutions for Cold Storage of Heart Allografts: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.
Venue: Artificial organs

Organ preservation solution has been designed to attenuate the detrimental effects during the ischemic period. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the evidence comparing preservation solutions for heart preservation. Studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Transplant Library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. The primary outcomes were patient survival and donor heart dysfunction. The secondary outcomes were in hospital mortality and enzyme gene expression. The University of Wisconsin solution (UW) was associated with a significantly improved survival at 30 days and 90 days (hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11 1.22, P 0.00001; risk difference [RD] 0.03, 95% CI 0.01 0.05, P 0.002) compared with Celsior. Hearts preserved with UW exhibited less ischemic necrosis than those preserved with Celsior (RD 0.07, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.05, P 0.00001) UW was associated with better survival compared with histidine tryptophan ketoglutarate solution (HTK) There was no statistical difference in donor heart dysfunction and in hospital mortality outcomes when comparing HTK with Celsior solution. During static cold storage preservation, this study suggests that UW solution has better clinical outcomes for heart transplantation compared with the other two organ preservation solutions. Besides, the protective effect of Celsior solution is similar to HTK solution in donor heart preservation.