nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Antithyroid Drug Side Effects in the Population and in Pregnancy.
Venue: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) are both associated with birth defects and may also rarely be associated with agranulocytosis and liver failure. The frequency of these side effects when antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are used in the population in general or in pregnancy remains to be elucidated.  as the parent of a live born child in Denmark, 1973 2008, were identified (n 2 299 952) and studied from 1995 through 2010 for the use of ATDs. Outcomes were agranulocytosis, liver failure, and birth defects in their offspring. To evaluate the frequency of these side effects associated with the use of ATDs in pregnancy, all live born pregnancies (n 830 680) 1996 2008, were identified in a subanalysis.  In the population studied, 28 998 individuals redeemed prescriptions of ATDs (exposure in 2115 pregnancies) which was associated with 45 cases of agranulocytosis (one in pregnancy) and 10 cases of liver failure (one in pregnancy) This corresponded to 41 and 11 cases of agranulocytosis and liver failure per 5 million inhabitants during a 10 year period (agranulocytosis: 0.16% of ATDs exposed [MMI: 0.11% vs PTU: 0.27% P .02] liver failure: 0.03% of ATDs exposed [MMI: 0.03% vs PTU: 0.05% P .4] The majority (83% developed the side effect within 3 months of ATD treatment and 25% during hyperthyroidism relapse. The use of ATDs in pregnancy was associated with birth defects in 3.4% of exposed children (44 cases per 5 million inhabitants per 10 y) and the frequency of birth defects after ATD exposure was 75 times higher than both maternal agranulocytosis and liver failure in pregnancy.  In the Danish population in general, ATDs associated birth defects and agranulocytosis had similar frequencies and were more common than liver failure, whereas for the use of ATDs in pregnancy, birth defects were dominant. The burden of side effects to the use of ATDs can be reduced by restricting the use of ATDs in early pregnancy.
HIPAcc: A Domain Specific Language and Compiler for Image Processing
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems

Domain specific languages (DSLs) provide high level and domain specific abstractions that allow expressive and concise algorithm descriptions. Since the description in a DSL hides also the properties of the target hardware, DSLs are a promising path to target different parallel and heterogeneous hardware from the same algorithm description. In theory, the DSL description can capture all characteristics of the algorithm that are required to generate highly efficient parallel implementations. However, most frameworks do not make use of this knowledge and the performance cannot reach that of optimized library implementations. In this article, we present the HIPAcc framework, a DSL and source to source compiler for image processing. We show that domain knowledge can be captured in the language and that this knowledge enables us to generate tailored implementations for a given target architecture. Back ends for CUDA, OpenCL, and Renderscript allow us to target discrete graphics processing units (GPUs) as well as mobile, embedded GPUs. Exploiting the captured domain knowledge, we can generate specialized algorithm variants that reach the maximal achievable performance due to the peak memory bandwidth. These implementations outperform state of the art domain specific languages and libraries significantly.
Influences of State and Trait Affect on Behavior, Feedback Related Negativity, and P3b in the Ultimatum Game
Venue: PloS one

The present study investigates how different emotions can alter social bargaining behavior. An important paradigm to study social bargaining is the Ultimatum Game. There, a proposer gets a pot of money and has to offer part of it to a responder. If the responder accepts, both players get the money as proposed by the proposer. If he rejects, none of the players gets anything. Rational choice models would predict that responders accept all offers above 0. However, evidence shows that responders typically reject a large proportion of all unfair offers. We analyzed participants' behavior when they played the Ultimatum Game as responders and simultaneously collected electroencephalogram data in order to quantify the feedback related negativity and P3b components. We induced state affect (momentarily emotions unrelated to the task) via short movie clips and measured trait affect (longer lasting emotional dispositions) via questionnaires. State happiness led to increased acceptance rates of very unfair offers. Regarding neurophysiology, we found that unfair offers elicited larger feedback related negativity amplitudes than fair offers. Additionally, an interaction of state and trait affect occurred: high trait negative affect (subsuming a variety of aversive mood states) led to increased feedback related negativity amplitudes when participants were in an angry mood, but not if they currently experienced fear or happiness. We discuss that increased rumination might be responsible for this result, which might not occur, however, when people experience happiness or fear. Apart from that, we found that fair offers elicited larger P3b components than unfair offers, which might reflect increased pleasure in response to fair offers. Moreover, high trait negative affect was associated with decreased P3b amplitudes, potentially reflecting decreased motivation to engage in activities. We discuss implications of our results in the light of theories and research on depression and anxiety.
Can we create a Canadian Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials Group? We review the first five years and glimpse into the future
Venue: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthesie

In 2010, we posed the following question: Can we develop a Canadian Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials Group (PACT) to investigate clinical problems in perioperative medicine? The primary purpose for this initiative was to enable investigators to develop research programs that would both attract peer reviewed funding for local and nationally funded clinical trials supported by the PACT and also lead to publication of the results in highimpact journals. Several goals were established (Table) aimed at realizing our overarching objective, namely, to conduct practice changing research to improve the outcome of patients undergoing surgery and anesthesia throughout the perioperative period. Herein, we report the progress of this initiative to date and provide insight into some of the challenges for the future. Progress to date
A Review On Interleave Division Multiple Access In Underwater Comminication

This paper outlines a multiple access technique which exploits the interleaving as only means of user separation instead of by different signatures as in a conventional code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme. It examines a very simple iterative chip by chip multi user detection strategy for spread spectrum communication systems. The given scheme can achieve near single user performance in situations with very large numbers of users while maintaining very low receiver complexity. This technique shows that high performance can be maintained in multi path environments. IDMA inherits many advantages from CDMA, such as diversity against fading and mitigation of the worst case user interference problem. A low cost iterative chip by chip multi user detection algorithm is also described with complexity independent of the user number and increasing linearly with the path number.
Spatially Multiplexed CDMA Multiuser Underwater Acoustic Communications
Venue: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering

Direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) signaling allows multiple users to communicate simultaneously over the same bandwidth at the expense of a reduced rate. Due to severe cochannel interference (CoI) in multipath rich underwater channels, no more than 4 users have been demonstrated. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication also allows multiple users. Using parallel/sequential interference cancellation schemes, experimental results show similar limitations on the number of users. To extend the number of users beyond four (as required for certain applications) it is proposed to combine CDMA with MIMO, utilizing the spatial temporal processing gain of passive phase conjugation, and the approximate orthogonality of the spreading codes to remove the (increased) CoI. The receiver algorithm uses simple matched filters without explicit channel equalization and CoI cancellation. The algorithm performance is studied as a function of input SNR, using simulated data based on experimentally measured channel impulse responses. M sequences with 127, 255 and 511 chips are used. One finds that 255/511 chips are generally required to support 8 users, and 127/255 chips are needed to support 6 users for the channel studied. Multiuser communications are demonstrated with at sea data for 8 users, with spreading codes of 511 chips, yielding zero bit errors. The data rate is 8 bits/s/user, given 4 kHz bandwidth.
The Last Mile Issue and Urban Logistics: Choosing Parcel Machines in the Context of the Ecological Attitudes of the Y Generation Consumers Purchasing Online

The dynamic development of electronic commerce is affecting the manner of the organization of urban logistics. The last mile issue, that is the problem of the final stage of delivery of a parcel to a recipient, appears in full in urban areas. The problem of the last mile can be solved for the benefit of the environment through solutions called parcel machines. This paper aims to explore the relationship between environmental attitudes and behaviors of Generation Y and their propensity to make purchases over the internet and collect them using parcel machines. The study found that Generation Y respondents in Poland do not perceive parcel machines as an environmentally friendly method of delivery of products purchased online. On the other hand, young people would be willing to pay a bit more for an item if it were a form of an environment saving measure. It is true that this correlation is not strong (r 0.1785) but through a campaign dedicated to Generation Y (social media) environmental attitudes could be affected. There was no relationship between the amount of disposable income and the propensity among Millennials to use green solutions.
Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal directed control
Venue: eLife

Prominent theories suggest that compulsive behaviors, characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder and addiction, are driven by shared deficits in goal directed control, which confers vulnerability for developing rigid habits. However, recent studies have shown that deficient goal directed control accompanies several disorders, including those without an obvious compulsive element. Reasoning that this lack of clinical specificity might reflect broader issues with psychiatric diagnostic categories, we investigated whether a dimensional approach would better delineate the clinical manifestations of goal directed deficits. Using large scale online assessment of psychiatric symptoms and neurocognitive performance in two independent general population samples, we found that deficits in goal directed control were most strongly associated with a symptom dimension comprising compulsive behavior and intrusive thought. This association was highly specific when compared to other non compulsive aspects of psychopathology. These data showcase a powerful new methodology and highlight the potential of a dimensional, biologically grounded approach to psychiatry research.
The role of habit in compulsivity
Venue: European Neuropsychopharmacology

Compulsivity has been recently characterized as a manifestation of an imbalance between the brain's goal directed and habit learning systems. Habits are perhaps the most fundamental building block of animal learning, and it is therefore unsurprising that there are multiple ways in which the development and execution of habits can be promoted/discouraged. Delineating these neurocognitive routes may be critical to understanding if and how habits contribute to the many faces of compulsivity observed across a range of psychiatric disorders. In this review, we distinguish the contribution of excessive stimulus response habit learning from that of deficient goal directed control over action and response inhibition, and discuss the role of stress and anxiety as likely contributors to the transition from goal directed action to habit. To this end, behavioural, pharmacological, neurobiological and clinical evidence are synthesised and a hypothesis is formulated to capture how habits fit into a model of compulsivity as a trans diagnostic psychiatric trait.
Microbiological profiles of sputum and gastric juice aspirates in Cystic Fibrosis patients
Venue: Scientific reports

Gastro Oesophageal Reflux (GOR) is a key problem in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) but the relationship between lung and gastric microbiomes is not well understood. We hypothesised that CF gastric and lung microbiomes are related. Gastric and sputum cultures were obtained from fifteen CF patients receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding. Non CF gastric juice data was obtained through endoscopy from 14 patients without lung disease. Bacterial and fungal isolates were identified by culture. Molecular bacterial profiling used next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene. Cultures grew bacteria and/or fungi in all CF gastric juice and sputa and in 9/14 non CF gastric juices. Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Pa) was present in CF sputum in 11 patients, 4 had identical Pa strains in the stomach. NGS data from non CF gastric juice samples were significantly more diverse compared to CF samples. NGS showed CF gastric juice had markedly lower abundance of normal gut bacteria; Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium, but increased Pseudomonas compared with non CF. Multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis demonstrated similar bacterial profiles of CF sputum and gastric juice samples, which were distinct from non CF gastric juice. We provide novel evidence suggesting the existence of an aerodigestive microbiome in CF, which may have clinical relevance.
The Predictive Relationship Among the Community of Inquiry Framework, Perceived Learning and Online, and Graduate Students' Course Grades in Online Synchronous and Asynchronous Courses

The Community of Inquiry framework has been widely supported by research to provide a model of online learning that informs the design and implementation of distance learning courses. However, the relationship between elements of the CoI framework and perceived learning warrants further examination as a predictive model for online graduate student success. A predictive correlational design and hierarchical multiple regression was used to investigate relationships between community of inquiry factors and perceived learning to determine the predictive validity of these variables for students' course points (N 131) while controlling for demographic and course variables. The results of this study clearly supported the foundational constructs of Community of Inquiry (CoI) theory (Garrison et al. 2000) and the role of perceived learning to predict final course points. The entire predictive model explained 55.6% of the variance in course points. Implications, limitations, and recommendations are discussed.
As Foreign Registrants Abandon the U.S. Capital Markets, What Happens to the Cross Listing Audit Fee Premium?

Foreign firms cross listing in the U.S. benefited from increased accounting quality and valuation stemming from the historically more stringent accounting and regulatory environment in the U.S. compared to their home markets. Auditors of these foreign firms, also facing this more rigorous reporting regime, charged a cross listing audit fee premium. However, recent events have caused an increase in these firms leaving U.S. markets. Using a sample of cross listed firms from 2004 2013 that voluntarily delisted and deregistered from U.S. markets and reporting requirements, we find that deregistration is associated with a decrease in audit fees for firms returning to non IFRS environments and additional tests show the level of legal liability in the home market, relative to the U.S. is not a significant mitigating factor in this negative association between deregistration and audit fees. These findings indicate that, after controlling for country and legal effects, firms returning to IFRS jurisdictions do not experience a significant change in the complexity of their accounting environments, mitigating the impact of deregistration on audit fees, implying that selected markets outside of the U.S. have established comparable reporting regimes.
The International Decision Support Initiative Reference Case for Economic Evaluation: An Aid to Thought.
Venue: Value in health the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Policymakers in high low and middle income countries alike face challenging choices about resource allocation in health. Economic evaluation can be useful in providing decision makers with the best evidence of the anticipated benefits of new investments, as well as their expected opportunity costs the benefits forgone of the options not chosen. To guide the decisions of health systems effectively, it is important that the methods of economic evaluation are founded on clear principles, are applied systematically, and are appropriate to the decision problems they seek to inform.  The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, a major funder of economic evaluations of health technologies in low and middle income countries (LMICs) commissioned a "reference case" through the International Decision Support Initiative (iDSI) to guide future evaluations, and improve both the consistency and usefulness to decision makers.  The iDSI Reference Case draws on previous insights from the World Health Organization, the US Panel on Cost Effectiveness in Health Care, and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Comprising 11 key principles, each accompanied by methodological specifications and reporting standards, the iDSI Reference Case also serves as a means of identifying priorities for methods research, and can be used as a framework for capacity building and technical assistance in LMICs.  The iDSI Reference Case is an aid to thought, not a substitute for it, and should not be followed slavishly without regard to context, culture, or history. This article presents the iDSI Reference Case and discusses the rationale, approach, components, and application in LMICs.
Improving Cardiac Surgical Site Infection Reporting and Prevention By Using Registry Data for Case Ascertainment.
Venue: The Annals of thoracic surgery

The use of administrative data for surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance leads to inaccurate reporting of SSI rates  A quality improvement (QI) initiative was conducted linking clinical registry and administrative databases to improve reporting and reduce the incidence of SSI   At our institution, The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (STS CHSD) and infection surveillance database (ISD) were linked to the enterprise data warehouse containing electronic health record (EHR) billing data. A data visualization tool was created to (1) use the STS CHSD for case ascertainment, (2) resolve discrepancies between the databases, and (3) assess impact of QI initiatives, including wound alert reports, bedside reviews, prevention bundles, and billing coder education.  Over the 24 month study period, 1,715 surgical cases were ascertained according to the STS CHSD clinical criteria, with 23 SSIs identified through the STS CHSD, 20 SSIs identified through the ISD, and 32 SSIs identified through the billing database. The rolling 12 month STS CHSD SSI rate decreased from 2.73% (21 of 769 as of January 2013) to 1.11% (9 of 813 as of December 2014) Thirty reporting discrepancies were reviewed to ensure accuracy. Workflow changes facilitated communication and improved adjudication of suspected SSIs. Billing coder education increased coding accuracy and narrowed variation between the 3 SSI sources. The data visualization tool demonstrated temporal relationships between QI initiatives and SSI rate reductions.  Linkage of registry and infection control surveillance data with the EHR improves SSI surveillance. The visualization tool and workflow changes facilitated communication, SSI adjudication, and assessment of the QI initiatives. Implementation of these initiatives was associated with decreased SSI rates.
The Path from Ethical Organisational Culture to Employee Commitment: Mediating Roles of Value Congruence and Work Engagement

Following the Job Demands Resources model's motivational process, this study investigates the role of person organisation fit and work engagement as mediating processes between ethical culture and employee commitment, where ethical culture is seen as an organisational resource. It was expected that the stronger the ethical values and practices are experienced to be, the more compatible employees feel with the organisation. A good person organisation fit was further hypothesised to act as a personal job resource for the employees, who would consequently experience higher work engagement leading to stronger affective commitment and less turnover intentions. The study used questionnaire data gathered from 270 Finnish school psychologists. The analyses were performed by using SEM and mediation modelling with the bootstrapping method. Ethical organisational culture had a significant positive association with experienced person organisation fit, which in turn was related to higher work engagement. Both person organisation fit and work engagement were associated with higher affective commitment and with lower turnover intentions. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms through which ethical culture affects employee commitment by integrating the concept of person organisation fit with the Job Demands Resources model. Organisations can retain committed and motivated workforce through fostering a strong ethical culture, which can support employees' affective commitment to the organisation.
Novel Aldimine Type Schiff Bases of 4 Amino 5 (3,4,5 trimethoxyphenyl)methyl] 1,2,4 triazole 3 thione/thiol: Docking Study, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Anti Tubulin Activity
Venue: Archiv der Pharmazie

The present study was planned to design some novel aldimine type Schiff bases bearing 3,4,5 trimethoxyphenyl and 1,2,4 triazole 3 thione/thiol as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. The obtained results of the molecular docking study using the tubulin complex (PDB code: 1SA0) showed that compounds H 25 and H 26 were well fitted in the colchicine binding site of tubulin with binding energies of 8.68 and 8.40 kcal/mol, respectively, in comparison to the main ligand 8.20 kcal/mol) In parallel, molecular simulations were also performed on five other 3,4,5 trimethoxyphenyl containing ligand targets including hsp90, VEGFR2, and human and microbial (Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans) dihydrofolate reductase, among which H 17, H 45, H 27, H 02, and H 19 were the most suitable compounds, respectively. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of the most efficient compounds of the docking steps (H 25) revealed IC50 values of 12.48 1.10, 4.25 0.22, 3.33 0.31, and 9.71 0.75 uM against the HT1080, HT29, MCF 7, and A549 cell lines, respectively, compared to doxorubicin (12.69 1.23, 6.12 0.47, 3.51 0.32, and 6.40 0.31 uM, respectively) The in vitro tubulin polymerization investigation launched compounds H 25 and H 26 as potent antitubulin agents due to their IC50 values of 0.17 0.01 and 10.93 0.43 uM, respectively.