nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of intraoperative neural monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery
Venue: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery

PurposeThe diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) monitoring (IONM) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate IONM diagnostic accuracy in prognostication of postoperative nerve function in thyroid surgery.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in 2011 2013. Five hundred consenting patients qualified for total thyroidectomy with IONM (1000 nerves at risk) using NIM 3.0 Response equipment were included. Laryngoscopy was used to evaluate and follow up RLN injury. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy of IONM. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used for evaluation of IONM diagnostic accuracy.ResultsLoss of signal (LOS) occurred in 31 cases, including 25 patients with LOS and corresponding vocal fold paresis found in postoperative laryngoscopy (2.5 including 20 (2.0 temporary and 5 (0.5 permanent nerve lesions. The following diagnostic accuracy values were calculated for the criterion recommended by INMSG (V2 amplitude 100 mV) sensitivity 92.0 specificity 99.3 positive predictive value (PPV) 76.7 and negative predictive value (NPV) 99.8 The ROC curve analysis allowed for calculation of the most optimal criterion in prognostication of postoperative vocal fold paresis, namely, V2 amplitude 189 mV. For this criterion, PPV was 77.4 while NPV was 99.9 .ConclusionsAdherence to the standardized protocol recommended by the International Neural Monitoring Study Group allows for optimizing predictive values of IONM in prognostication of postoperative RLN function. Any changes in the cutoff values for the definition of LOS only marginally improve PPV and NPV of IONM and need to be carefully assessed in multicenter studies.
Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by vagal nerve stimulation in thyroid surgery
Venue: European Archives of Oto Rhino Laryngology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thyroarytenoid muscle response during bilateral thyroid surgery using vagal nerve stimulation. 195 patients (390 nerves at risk) underwent a total thyroidectomy. The recurrent laryngeal nerve's function was checked by analyzing the amplitude and the latency of the thyroarytenoid muscle's responses after a vagal nerve's stimulation (0.5 and 1 mA) using the NIM3 Medtronic system. All patients were submitted to preoperative and postoperative laryngoscopy. 20 patients get no thyroarytenoid muscle response to the vagal nerve stimulation, and 14 postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies were confirmed (3.8 Two palsies were present after 6 months (0.51 All the patients with muscle's response have normal mobility vocal fold. The test sensitivity was 100 and the test specificity was 98 Physiologically, the mean latencies of the muscular potentials for the right RLN were, respectively, 3.89 and 3.83 ms (p 0.05) for the stimulation at 0.5 and 1 mA. The mean latencies for the left RLN were, respectively, 6.25 and 6.22 ms for the stimulation at 0.5 and 1 mA (p 0.05) The difference of the latencies between the right and the left nerve was 2.30 ms (1.75 3.25 ms) with a stimulation of 0.5 or 1 mA (p 0.05) Thyroarytenoid muscle's response via a vagal nerve stimulation showed a functional asymmetry of the laryngeal adduction with a faster right response. Surgically, this method can predict accurately an immediate postoperative vocal folds function in patients undergoing a bilateral thyroid surgery.
Kinetic mechanism and fidelity of nick sealing by Escherichia coli NAD+ dependent DNA ligase (LigA)
Venue: Nucleic acids research

Escherichia coli DNA ligase (EcoLigA) repairs 3' OH/5' PO4 nicks in duplex DNA via reaction of LigA with NAD+ to form a covalent LigA (lysyl Nz) AMP intermediate (step 1) transfer of AMP to the nick 5' PO4 to form an AppDNA intermediate (step 2) and attack of the nick 3' OH on AppDNA to form a 3' 5' phosphodiester (step 3) A distinctive feature of EcoLigA is its stimulation by ammonium ion. Here we used rapid mix quench methods to analyze the kinetic mechanism of single turnover nick sealing by EcoLigA AMP. For substrates with correctly base paired 3' OH/5' PO4 nicks, kstep2 was fast (6.8 27 s 1) and similar to kstep3 (8.3 42 s 1) Absent ammonium, kstep2 and kstep3 were 48 fold and 16 fold slower, respectively. EcoLigA was exquisitely sensitive to 3' OH base mispairs and 3' N:abasic lesions, which elicited 1000 to >20000 fold decrements in kstep2. The exception was the non canonical 3' A:oxoG configuration, which EcoLigA accepted as correctly paired for rapid sealing. These results underscore: (i) how EcoLigA requires proper positioning of the nick 3' nucleoside for catalysis of 5' adenylylation; and (ii) EcoLigA's potential to embed mutations during the repair of oxidative damage. EcoLigA was relatively tolerant of 5' phosphate base mispairs and 5' N:abasic lesions.
Livemocha as an online language learning community

PRODUCT AT A GLANCE Product Type Web based global language learning community with online instructional content (drill and practice) peer feedback, and online chatting with community friends Language  Hindi, Japanese, Icelandic, Italian, Portuguese (Brazil) and Russian Level Self study lesson content, beginning and intermediate levels; other activities (e.g. online chat, providing feedback for writing and speaking) open to all levels of proficiency and ages Activities (a) "learn," vocabulary learning, reading, listening, unscrambling words, writing, speaking, and practicing dialogues; (b) "practice," recording the dialogue with a partner, recording a script and submitting for peer review, submitting a written essay for peer review; and (c) "share" as a tutor, correcting and rating writing or speaking exercises submitted by text or audio comments 010 10:24:09 AM] https:/www.calico.org/p 416 Livemocha%20as%20an%20online%20language learning%20community%20%28012009%29.html (1 of 12) [10/19/2 CALICO Journal
The effect of tree size, neighborhood competition and environment on tree growth in an old growth temperate forest

Understanding the controls influencing tree growth is central to forest ecology. Although many factors such as tree size, neighborhood competition and environmental variables, have been proposed as being important in explaining patterns of tree growth, but their relative contributions are still subject to debate. We aimed to examine the relative importance of tree size, local abiotic conditions and the density and identity of neighbors on tree growth in an old growth temperate forest in northeast china.  We used linear mixed models with data from a 25 ha (500 x 500 m) broad leaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) mixed forest permanent plot to examine the relative importance of these local drivers on tree growth at three organizational levels (community, guild and species) Subplot was included as a random effect to account for spatial autocorrelation in growth of trees located within the same subplot, and species was included as a random effect to account for variation among species in growth.  Tree size was typically the most important predictor of growth, followed by neighborhood competition and then soil nutrients. The correlation of tree size to growth varied from strongly positive for large trees and medium trees to slightly positive for small trees. The effect of neighborhood competition on growth showed weak negative density dependence as indicated by slightly negative effect of total basal area of neighbors and the proportion of conspecific neighbors. Environmental factors influenced growth of very common species, smaller tree size classes and shade tolerant species. We concluded that the relative importance of variables driving patterns of tree growth varied greatly among tree size classes, shade tolerance and abundance classes in this temperate forest. These results provide critical information for future studies of forest dynamics and offer insight into forest management in this region.
The chloroform extract of Cyclocarya paliurus attenuates high fat diet induced non alcoholic hepatic steatosis in Sprague Dawley rats.
Venue: Phytomedicine international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology

Hepatic steatosis (HS) is the early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease which is caused by impaired hepatic lipid homeostasis. Cyclocarya paliurus, an herbal tea consumed in China, has been demonstrated to ameliorate abnormal lipid metabolism for the treatment of metabolic diseases.  We aimed to investigate the regulative effect of chloroform extract from Cyclocarya paliurus (ChE) on treatment of HS, as well as key factors involved in hepatic lipid metabolism.  Sprague Dawley rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce HS and treated with or without ChE by gavage for 4 weeks.  The body weight, relative liver weight and liver fat content were measured. Serum and liver total cholesterol, triglyceride and non esterified fatty acids, as well as hepatic malonaldehyde levels were accessed by biochemical methods. Serum and liver TNF a levels were quantified by ELISA kit. Histologic analysis and 1H MRS study were performed to evaluate HS level. RT PCR and Western blot were also applied to observe the expression changes of key factors involved in hepatic lipid intake, synthesis, utilization and export.  ChE significantly decreased the rats' body weight, serum lipid and TNF a level. ChE also reduced their relative liver weight, liver fat content, hepatic oxidative products and TNF a level. Hepatic steatosis in HFD fed rats was effectively regressed after 2 weeks administration of ChE. Moreover, ChE treatment remarkably reduced HFD induced high expression level of fatty acid synthesis genes (including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1, acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 and fatty acid synthase) However, it had no effect on mRNA expression of some genes involved in lipid uptake, b oxidation and lipid outflow.  ChE exerted a promising regression effect on HS due to a reduced level of serum non esterified fatty acids which might lead to a decrease in the amount of lipid taken in by the liver, as well as owing to the inhibition of hepatic lipid de novo synthesis to reduce liver lipid production.
Fish oil alleviated high fat diet induced non alcoholic fatty liver disease via regulating hepatic lipids metabolism and metaflammation: a transcriptomic study
Venue: Lipids in Health and Disease

BackgroundIntake of fish oil rich in n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is believed to be beneficial against development of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study was to gain further understanding of the potential mechanisms of the protective effects of fish oil against NAFLD.MethodsTen male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a control diet (CON) a Western style high fat and high cholesterol diet (WD) or a WD diet containing fish oil (FOH) for 16 weeks respectively. The development of liver steatosis and fibrosis were verified by histological and biochemical examination. Hepatic transcriptome were extracted for RNA seq analysis, and particular results were confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsThe consumption of fish oil significantly ameliorated WD induced dyslipidemia, transaminase elevation, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, and fibrosis. Hepatic RNA Seq analysis showed that long term intake of fish oil restored the expression of circadian clock related genes per2 and per3, which were reduced in WD fed animals. Fish oil consumption also corrected the expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, such as Srebf1, Fasn, Scd1, Insig2, Cd36, Cyp7a1, Abcg5, Abcg8 and Pcsk9. Moreover, the expression levels of pro inflammation genes Mcp1, Socs2, Sema4a, and Cd44 in the FOH group were lower than that of WD group, implying that fish oil protects the liver against WD induced hepatic inflammation. present study demonstrates fish oil protects against WD induced NALFD via improving lipid metabolism and ameliorating hepatic inflammation. Our findings add to the current understanding on the benefits of n 3 PUFAs against NAFLD.
Re Architecture Old Buildings New Uses

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Buildings Reborn New Uses Old Places

Thank you very much for reading buildings reborn new uses old places. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this buildings reborn new uses old places, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. buildings reborn new uses old places is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the buildings reborn new uses old places is universally compatible with any devices to read.
The Role Of Buildings Facades Of On Urban Landscape (Case Study: Old Context Of Sari)

Facade and urban landscape, the dominant figure in the body of the city and containing the first messages in urbanism in the citizens' outlook, has been a place of dialogue especially from the half of last century. The recognition of this theme its complex due to its' close relationship with issue of identity and character of the city, and its' scope was expanded with the beginning of the modern age and non conventional management practices based on the law on urban development. In our society, urban landscape and face as a part of the country's contemporary architecture conflict became as one of central focus of dialogue despite the specific cultural orientation of the system especially after the revolution and growth of population and urbanization share, war reconstructions, a massive expansion of cities in response to immigrant settlers and the expansion of higher education. According to the purposes intended in this article, the method used in data collection method has been Library method and studying written documents. The content was analyzed using inductive reasoning method after data systematic and accurate foundation theoretical collection a and design of building facades in the old contexts of the city described. The vulnerability of city spaces in front of inappropriate facades, in the design of buildings it should generally be noted that facades of buildings should be able to express the volume inside the building in addition to solidarity with public spaces. So methodical design of facade and paying attention to 'riginality and beauty give the city identity and reduces the chaos of the city and thus turbulence of the people of city. This process leads to reconciliation of people with urban spaces and on the other hand prevents their remoteness from such places.
Overall Quality of Fruits and Vegetables Products Affected by the Drying Processes with the Assistance of Vacuum Microwaves
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

The seasonality of fruits and vegetables makes it impossible to consume and use them throughout the year, thus numerous processing efforts have been made to offer an alternative to their fresh consumption and application. To prolong their availability on the market, drying has received special attention as currently this method is considered one of the most common ways for obtaining food and pharmaceutical products from natural sources. This paper demonstrates the weakness of common drying methods applied for fruits and vegetables and the possible ways to improve the quality using different drying techniques or their combination with an emphasis on the microwave energy. Particular attention has been drawn to the combined drying with the assistance of vacuum microwaves. The quality of the dried products was ascribed by chemical properties including the content of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and volatiles as well as physical parameters such as color, shrinkage, porosity and texture. Both these fields of quality classification were considered taking into account sensory attributes and energy aspects in the perspective of possible industrial applications. In conclusion, the most promising way for improving the quality of dried fruit and vegetable products is hybrid drying consisting of osmotic dehydration in concentrated fruit juices followed by heat pump drying and vacuum microwave finish drying.
Can the DSM 5 differentiate between nonpathological possession and dissociative identity disorder? A case study from an Afro Brazilian religion
Venue: Journal of trauma dissociation the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation

The aim of this article is to examine whether the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM 5) are able to differentiate between nonpathological religious possession and dissociative identity disorder (DID) We use the case study of an individual who leads an Afro Brazilian religious group (Umbanda) focusing on her personal development and possession experiences from early childhood to the present, spanning a period of more than 40 years, and examine these data following DSM 5 criteria for DID (300.14) Her experiences of possession can be broken into 2 distinct stages. In the 1st stage (childhood and early adulthood) she displayed intrusive thoughts and a lack of control over possession states, which were associated with a heightened state of anxiety, loneliness, amnesia, and family conflict (meeting all 5 criteria for DID) In the 2nd stage (late 20s up to the present) she regularly experienced possession states but felt in control of their onset and found them religiously meaningful. In this 2nd stage, she only fulfilled 3 criteria for DID. We question the accuracy of diagnosing this individual with DID in her earlier life and suggest that the DSM 5 criteria fail to address the ambiguity of affect surrounding possession experiences (positive at the individual level, negative at the interpersonal level) and lack a clearer acknowledgment of the prevalence of possession and other unusual experiences in general populations.
Life Stage Concepts across History and Cultures: Proposal for a New Field on Indigenous Life Stages
Venue: Human Development

This paper draws attention to the pervasiveness of life stage concepts in human cultures and advocates the creation of a new field of study on indigenous life stage concepts. First, historical and cultural examples are presented to illustrate the widespread use of life stage concepts across times and places. Then, sociological research on the institutionalization of life stages in the 19th and 20th centuries in industrial societies is summarized, but with a new interpretation of how those life stage concepts arose. Next, the idea of life stages as master narratives is proposed, as a way of explaining how life stages provide the raw material for individuals to construct a personal identity narrative. The paper concludes by proposing that the exploration of indigenous life stage concepts is an exciting new potential field of study.
Natural Language Processing in Accounting, Auditing and Finance: A Synthesis of the Literature with a Roadmap for Future Research
Venue: Intell. Syst. Account. Finance Manag.

Natural language processing NLP is a part of the artificial intelligence domain focused on communication between humans and computers. NLP attempts to address the inherent problem that while human communications are often ambiguous and imprecise, computers require unambiguous and precise messages to enable understanding. The accounting, auditing and finance domains frequently put forth textual documents intended to communicate a wide variety of messages, including, but not limited to, corporate financial performance, management's assessment of current and future firm performance, analysts' assessments of firm performance, domain standards and regulations as well as evidence of compliance with relevant standards and regulations. NLP applications have been used to mine these documents to obtain insights, make inferences and to create additional methodologies and artefacts to advance knowledge in accounting, auditing and finance. This paper synthesizes the extant literature in NLP in accounting, auditing and finance to establish the state of current knowledge and to identify paths for future research.
Normal Anatomy, Histology, and Spontaneous Pathology of the Nasal Cavity of the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Venue: Toxicologic pathology

The evaluation of inhalation studies in monkeys is often hampered by the scarcity of published information on the relevant nasal anatomy and pathology. We examined nasal cavities of 114 control cynomolgus monkeys from 11 inhalation studies evaluated 2008 to 2013, in order to characterize and document the anatomic features and spontaneous pathology. Compared to other laboratory animals, the cynomolgus monkey has a relatively simple nose with 2 unbranched, dorsoventrally stacked turbinates, large maxillary sinuses, and a nasal septum that continues into the nasopharynx. The vomeronasal organ is absent, but nasopalatine ducts are present. Microscopically, the nasal epithelium is thicker than that in rodents, and the respiratory (RE) and transitional epithelium (TE) rest on a thick basal lamina. Generally, squamous epithelia and TE line the vestibule, RE, the main chamber and nasopharynx, olfactory epithelium, a small caudodorsal region, while TE is observed intermittently along the passages. Relatively high incidences of spontaneous pathology findings, some resembling induced lesions, were observed and included inflammation, luminal exudate, scabs, squamous and respiratory metaplasia or hyperplasia, mucous cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, and olfactory degeneration. Regions of epithelial transition were the most affected. This information is considered helpful in the histopathology evaluation and interpretation of inhalation studies in monkeys.
Risk Factors for Driving After and During Marijuana Use.
Venue: Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

Use of marijuana before or while driving significantly contributes to driving impairment and elevated risk of motor vehicle accidents; however, this risk behavior is common among users. Little is known about the etiology of driving while under the influence of marijuana. METHOD Guided by social learning theory, this study examined marijuana outcome expectancies and other driving related cognitions as predictors of the frequency of driving after smoking marijuana (DASM) and smoking marijuana while driving (SMWD) A community sample of 151 (64% male) non treatment seeking frequent marijuana users completed questionnaires on variables of interest.  Perceived driving related peer norms (i.e. perception that fewer friends disapprove of DASM and SMWD and of riding with a driver under the influence of marijuana) were associated with lower frequency of both DASM and SMWD. Perceived dangerousness of DASM was also associated with decreased frequency of DASM.  Our findings suggest a range of potentially important targets for interventions intended to reduce the likelihood and frequency of driving while under the influence of marijuana.