nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of sleep waking and electroencephalogram induced by vetiver essential oil inhalation
Venue: Journal of intercultural ethnopharmacology

Essential oils (EOs) have been claimed to modulate mental functions though the most of data were obtained from subjective methods of assessment. Direct effects of EO on brain function remained largely to be confirmed with scientific proof. This study aimed to demonstrate quantifiable and reproducible effects of commercial vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) EO inhalation on sleep waking and electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in adult male Wistar rats. The experiments were conducted during November 2013 February 2014.  The following electrode implantation on the skull, control, and treated animals were subjected for EEG recording while inhaling water and vetiver EO (20 and 200 ul) respectively. Fast Fourier transform was used for analysis of EEG power spectrum.  One way ANOVA analysis confirmed that vetiver EO inhalation significantly increased total waking and reduced slow wave sleep time. Moreover, EO inhalation decreased alpha and beta1 activity in both frontal and parietal cortices and increased gamma activity in the frontal cortex. Changes in these frequencies began almost from the start of the inhalation.  These data suggest refreshing properties of vetiver EO on electrical brain activity and alertness.
Semiphysiologically based pharmacokinetic model for midazolam and CYP3A mediated metabolite 1 OH midazolam in morbidly obese and weight loss surgery patients
Venue: CPT: pharmacometrics systems pharmacology

This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) mediated metabolite 1 OH midazolam in morbidly obese patients receiving oral and i.v. midazolam before (n 20) and one year after weight loss surgery (n 18) thereby providing insight into the influence of weight loss surgery on CYP3A activity in the gut wall and liver. In a semiphysiologically based pharmacokinetic (semi PBPK) model in which different blood flow scenarios were evaluated, intrinsic hepatic clearance of midazolam (CLint,H) was 2 (95% CI 1.40 1.64) times higher compared to morbidly obese patients before surgery (P 0.01) Midazolam gut wall clearance (CLint,G) was slightly lower in patients after surgery (P 0.05) with low values for both groups. The results of the semi PBPK model suggest that, in patients after weight loss surgery, CYP3A hepatic metabolizing capacity seems to recover compared to morbidly obese patients, whereas CYP3A mediated CLint,G was low for both populations and showed large interindividual variability.
Environmental Quality Assessment of Dairy Products Manufactured in the Area of Kazakhstan Aral Sea Region

Aral problem, as the largest environmental disaster the world has acquired acute. This crisis affects the interests of all countries in Central Asia, which is becoming a concern of the world community. In this context, innovative research on the quality and safety of animal products in environmentally disadvantaged areas of the Kazakhstan part of the Aral sea region, is very relevant. One purpose was to conduct scientific research on the presence of heavy metals in the dairy products produced in the farms of the Aral and Kazalinsk areas of the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. It was found that the quality of dairy products compared with the standard rate only slightly reduced and priority objectives for environmental health in the region, are the realization of projects for the system water allocation pools, as well as regulatory measures zones of the Syrdarya river, Recover and preserve the natural background of vegetation and disturbed the balance of the land.
Translation quality evaluation of MWE from French into English using an SMT system
Venue: TC

Nowadays, Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) is widely available. Nevertheless, using Machine Translation at its best is not an easy task. Structures appearing sporadically trigger most of the regular mistakes of SMT systems. We work on one of those structures: the MultiWord Expressions (MWE) Our study aims at evaluating the quality of MWE translation obtained using SMT. Firstly, we present the process of our quality evaluation of the English translation got via an SMT system created using Moses Toolkit (Koehn et al. 2007) of one French technical document. On the French document, MWE have been semi automatically annotated according to their type (Tutin et al. 2015) Secondly, we describe the linguistic criteria of Vilar's classification of translation errors (Vilar et al. 2006) as well as the adaptation we had to perform to use Blast (Stymne, 2011) Thirdly, we analyse the global results of our quality evaluation before going into details, in our fourth part, on one particular type of MWE, which is the Full Phraseme one. We finally show that most of the French MWE are translated into English MWE, and that we need to implement in further work a collaborative error annotation tool.
Repeat Size and X Inactivation in the Clinical Phenotype of Fragile X Premutation Carrier Sisters: A Familial Case Series (P5.384)

To present a case series of four sisters with similar premutation size Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) alleles and varying activation ratios for the normal allele (AR) to determine whether AR, in addition to CGG repeat size, could account for their discordant neurological phenotypes.  Skewed X inactivation may be responsible for mediating some of the phenotypic variability seen in FMR1 premutation carrier women. These discordant clinical phenotypes may be explained by variation in the combination of CGG repeat size and AR.  Four sisters with premutation size FMR1 repeats underwent detailed clinical characterization. CGG repeat length was determined by PCR and AR was determined using a newly developed commercial mPCR assay (Asuragen) and confirmed with results from Southern blot with densitometric image analysis. The mPCR assay was found to be simpler and faster, and results correlated well with AR determined based on Southern blot.  Sister 1 had the largest CGG expansion (90) and the lowest AR (10[percnt] with the most severe clinical presentation. Sister 2 had a lower CGG expansion (70) and an AR of 10[percnt] and had milder neurological symptoms. Sister 3 had a CGG expansion of 79, but a slightly higher AR of 15[percnt] and less neurological involvement. Sister 4 had a similar CGG expansion (80) but had the largest AR (40[percnt] and was the only sister not to be affected by FXTAS or show any neurological signs.  Women in the same family who have higher AR or lower CGG repeat sizes than their sisters may be less likely to show manifestations of FXTAS. Using AR data could be beneficial to supplement CGG repeat size when counseling premutation carrier women in the clinic if larger studies show similar patterns. Disclosure: Dr. Robertson Dick has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Keefe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hadd has received personal compensation for activities with Asuragen, Inc. as a full time employee and options holder. Dr. Zhou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berry Kravis has received personal compensation for activities with Seaside Therapeutics, Novartis, Roche, Alcobra, and Neuren Parmaceuticals as a consultant. Dr. Hall has received research support from Neurocrine and Pfizer.
Sleep, quality of life and mood of nursing professionals of pediatric intensive care units.
Venue: Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P

To assess sleep, quality of life and mood of nursing professionals of pediatric intensive care units.  Quantitative, cross sectional and descriptive study. Professionals grouped by morning, afternoon and evening shifts were assessed by means of the instruments: Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Generic questionnaire for the assessment of quality of life (SF 36) Beck Depression Inventory; Beck Anxiety Inventory; State Trait Anxiety Inventory.  Sample consisted of 168 professionals, with prevalence of neutral typology (57.49% There was no statistical significance regarding sleep, despite scores showing a poor quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness for the three shifts. Quality of life did not reveal any statistical significance, but in the field "social role functioning" of the evening shift, a lower score was observed (p<0.007) There was no statistical significance regarding levels of anxiety and depression.  The results suggest that these professionals may present sleeping problems, but they do not have lower scores of quality of life or mood disorders. Likely explanations for these findings may include an adaptation to their work type over time and the fact that working with children is rewarding. OBJETIVO Avaliar sono, qualidade de vida e humor em profissionais de enfermagem em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Infantil. METODO Estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo. Profissionais agrupados por turnos matutino, vespertino e noturno foram avaliados pelos instrumentos: Questionario de identificacao Matutinidade Vespertinidade; Indice de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh; Escala de sonolencia Epworth; Questionario generico de avaliacao de qualidade de vida SF 36; Inventario de depressao de Beck; Inventario de ansiedade de Beck; Inventario de ansiedade Traco Estado. RESULTADOS Amostra composta por 168 profissionais, predominando tipologia neutra, 57,49% Nao houve significancia estatistica quanto ao sono, apesar dos escores mostrarem qualidade ruim e sonolencia diurna excessiva para os tres turnos. A qualidade de vida nao denotou diferenca estatistica, mas no dominio "aspecto social" do turno noturno, observou se escore pior (p<0,007) Nao houve significancia estatistica nos niveis de ansiedade e depressao. CONCLUSAO Os resultados sugerem que estes profissionais podem apresentar problemas no sono, entretanto nao apresentam escores mais baixos de qualidade de vida ou transtornos do humor. Possiveis explicacoes para estes achados sao que haja uma adaptacao ao regime de trabalho ao longo do tempo e que trabalhar com criancas seja recompensador.
Comparing Emotion Recognition Skills among Children with and without Jailed Parents
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Approximately five million children in the United States have experienced a co resident parent's incarceration in jail or prison. Parental incarceration is associated with multiple risk factors for maladjustment, which may contribute to the increased likelihood of behavioral problems in this population. Few studies have examined early predictors of maladjustment among children with incarcerated parents, limiting scholars' understanding about potential points for prevention and intervention. Emotion recognition skills may play a role in the development of maladjustment and may be amenable to intervention. The current study examined whether emotion recognition skills differed between 3 to 8 year old children with and without jailed parents. We hypothesized that children with jailed parents would have a negative bias in processing emotions and less accuracy compared to children without incarcerated parents. Data were drawn from 128 families, including 75 children (53.3% male, M 5.37 years) with jailed parents and 53 children (39.6% male, M 5.02 years) without jailed parents. Caregivers in both samples provided demographic information. Children performed an emotion recognition task in which they were asked to produce a label for photos expressing six different emotions (i.e. happy, surprised, neutral, sad, angry, and fearful) For scoring, the number of positive and negative labels were totaled; the number of negative labels provided for neutral and positive stimuli were totaled (measuring negative bias/overextension of negative labels) and valence accuracy (i.e. positive, negative, and neutral) and label accuracy were calculated. Results indicated a main effect of parental incarceration on the number of positive labels provided; children with jailed parents presented significantly fewer positive emotions than the comparison group. There was also a main effect of parental incarceration on negative bias (the overextension of negative labels) children with jailed parents had a negative bias compared to children without jailed parents. However, these findings did not hold when controlling for child age, race/ethnicity, receipt of special education services, and caregiver education. The results provide some evidence for the effect of the context of parental incarceration in the development of negative emotion recognition biases. Limitations and implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Using Facebook to Find Missing Persons: A Crowd Sourcing Perspective
Venue: I3E

This paper explores the ways in which Facebook is used in the quest for finding missing persons in South Africa. Graphs are used to indicate differentiated roles of the Facebook communities: some communities act mainly as originators of the messages whereas others act more as distributors or end points of the messages. Crowd sourcing is used as a conceptual tool to further our understanding of the way messages are shared among different Facebook communities. The four pillars of crowdsourcing as proposed by Hosseini et al. are used to analyse the network of communities as a crowd source system. It is argued that Facebook can be effective as crowdsourcing system despite the fact that there is no guarantee that missing persons reported there will be found, since it most likely provides much needed emotional support to friends and relatives of the missing person.
The Optimal Trajectory Planning for UAV in UAV aided Networks
Venue: ICCCS

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been increasingly deployed in harsh environments for special applications such as ecological monitoring and Volcano monitoring. Harsh environments can easily cause the network to be unconnected, which lead to unable to collect data by multi hops. The development of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) makes it possible to collect data from ground sensor nodes by UAVs, and the UAV trajectory planning is necessary for energy conservation and data collection efficiency. The challenge of the trajectory planning is keeping the trajectory as short as possible while ensures the communication constraints to be satisfied. In this paper, we formulate the optimal UAV trajectory planning problem to a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem, and develop a heuristic algorithm to find a feasible solution to this problem. There are four steps of our scheme: initialization, rotation, optimization and smooth. The simulation results show that our trajectory planning scheme can shorten the length of the UAV's trajectory while satisfy communication constraints for every sensor nodes.
Within Speaker Features for Native Language Recognition in the Interspeech 2016 Computational Paralinguistics Challenge
Venue: INTERSPEECH

The Interspeech 2016 Native Language recognition challenge was to identify the first language of 867 speakers from their spoken English. Effectively this was an L2 accent recognition task where the L1 was one of eleven languages. The lack of transcripts of the spontaneous speech recordings meant that the currently best performing accent recognition approach (ACCDIST) developed by the author could not be applied. Instead, the objectives of this study were to explore whether within speaker features found to be effective in ACCDIST would also have value within a contemporary GMM based accent recognition approach. We show that while Gaussian mean supervectors provide the best performance on this task, small gains may be had by fusing the mean supervector system with a system based on within speaker Gaussian mixture distances.
Inter Speech Clicks in an Interspeech Keynote
Venue: INTERSPEECH

Clicks are usually described as phoneme realisations in some African languages or as paralinguistic vocalisations, e.g. to signal disapproval or as sound imitation. A more recent discovery is that clicks are, presumably unintentionally, used as discourse markers indexing a new sequence in a conversation or before a word search. In this single case study, we investigated more than 300 apical clicks of an experienced speaker during a keynote address at an Interspeech conference. The produced clicks occurred only in inter speech intervals and were often combined with either hesitation particles like "uhm" or audible inhalation. Our observations suggest a link between click production and ingressive airflow as well as indicate that clicks are used as hesitation markers. The rather high frequency of clicks in the analysed sections from the 1 hour talk shows that in larger discourse, the time between articulatory phases consists of more than silence, audible inhalation and typical hesitation particles. The rather large variation in the intensity and duration and particularly the number of bursts of the observed clicks indicates that this prosodic discourse marker seems to be a rather acoustically inconsistent phonetic category.
The 2016 Speakers in the Wild Speaker Recognition Evaluation
Venue: INTERSPEECH

The newly collected Speakers in the Wild (SITW) database was central to a text independent speaker recognition challenge held as part of a special session at Interspeech 2016. The SITW database is composed of audio recordings from 299 speakers collected from open source media, with an average of 8 sessions per speaker. The recordings contain unconstrained or "wild" acoustic conditions, rarely found in large speaker recognition datasets, and multi speaker recordings for both speaker enrollment and verification. This article provides details of the SITW speaker recognition challenge and analysis of evaluation results. There were 25 international teams involved in the challenge of which 11 teams participated in an evaluation track. Teams were tasked with applying existing and novel speaker recognition algorithms to the challenges associated with the real world conditions of SITW. We provide an analysis of some of the top performing systems submitted during the evaluation and provide future research directions.
Analysis of the Voice Conversion Challenge 2016 Evaluation Results
Venue: INTERSPEECH

The Voice Conversion Challenge (VCC) 2016, one of the special sessions at Interspeech 2016, deals with the well known task of speaker identity conversion, referred as Voice Conversion (VC) The objective of the VCC is to compare various VC techniques on identical training and evaluation speech data. The full description of VCC 2016, the motivation, the database, the rules, the participants and main findings are presented in  In the current paper, we describe the listening test design in more detail, we present the results of the listening test and the subsequent statistical analyses.
Accent Identification by Combining Deep Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks Trained on Long and Short Term Features
Venue: INTERSPEECH

Automatic identification of foreign accents is valuable for many speech systems, such as speech recognition, speaker identification, voice conversion, etc. The INTERSPEECH 2016 Native Language Sub Challenge is to identify the native languages of non native English speakers from eleven countries. Since differences in accent are due to both prosodic and articulation characteristics, a combination of long term and short term training is proposed in this paper. Each speech sample is processed into multiple speech segments with equal length. For each segment, deep neural networks (DNNs) are used to train on long term statistical features, while recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are used to train on short term acoustic features. The result for each speech sample is calculated by linearly fusing the results from the two sets of networks on all segments. The performance of the proposed system greatly surpasses the provided baseline system. Moreover, by fusing the results with the baseline system, the performance can be further improved.
Convolutional Neural Networks with Data Augmentation for Classifying Speakers' Native Language
Venue: INTERSPEECH

We use a feedforward Convolutional Neural Network to classify speakers' native language for the INTERSPEECH 2016 Computational Paralinguistic Challenge Native Language SubChallenge, using no specialized features for computational paralinguistics tasks, but only MFCCs with their first and second order deltas. In addition, we augment the training data by replacing the original examples with shorter overlapping samples extracted from them, thus multiplying the number of training examples by almost 40. With the augmented training dataset and enhancements to neural network models such as Batch Normalization, Dropout, and Maxout activation function, we managed to improve upon the challenge baseline by a large margin, both for the development and the test set.
Fusing Acoustic Feature Representations for Computational Paralinguistics Tasks
Venue: INTERSPEECH

The field of Computational Paralinguistics is rapidly growing and is of interest in various application domains ranging from biomedical engineering to forensics. The INTERSPEECH ComParE challenge series has a field leading role, introducing novel problems with a common benchmark protocol for comparability. In this work, we tackle all three ComParE 2016 Challenge corpora (Native Language, Sincerity and Deception) benefiting from multi level normalization on features followed by fast and robust kernel learning methods. Moreover, we employ computer vision inspired low level descriptor representation methods such as the Fisher vector encoding. After nonlinear preprocessing, obtained Fisher vectors are kernelized and mapped to target variables by classifiers based on Kernel Extreme Learning Machines and Partial Least Squares regression. We finally combine predictions of models trained on popularly used functional based descriptor encoding (openSMILE features) with those obtained from the Fisher vector encoding. In the preliminary experiments, our approach has significantly outperformed the baseline systems for Native Language and Sincerity sub challenges both in the development and test sets.
The multifaceted role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function
Venue: Current opinion in toxicology

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of the cellular redox homeostasis. Nrf2 target genes comprise of a large network of antioxidant enzymes, proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification, repair and removal of damaged proteins, inhibition of inflammation, as well as other transcription factors. In recent years it has emerged that as part of its role as a regulator of cytoprotective gene expression, Nrf2 impacts mitochondrial function. Increased Nrf2 activity defends against mitochondrial toxins. Reduced glutathione, the principal small molecule antioxidant in the mammalian cell and a product of several of the downstream target genes of Nrf2, counterbalances mitochondrial ROS production. The function of Nrf2 is suppressed in mitochondria related disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Friedrich's ataxia. Studies using isolated mitochondria and cultured cells have demonstrated that Nrf2 deficiency leads to impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, respiration and ATP production. Small molecule activators of Nrf2 support mitochondrial integrity by promoting mitophagy and conferring resistance to oxidative stress mediated permeability transition. Excitingly, recent studies have shown that Nrf2 also affects mitochondrial function in stem cells with implications for stem cell self renewal, cardiomyocyte regeneration, and neural stem/progenitor cell survival.