nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse polynomial chaos expansions of frequency response functions using stochastic frequency transformation

Frequency response functions (FRFs) are important for assessing the behavior of stochastic linear dynamic systems. For large systems, their evaluations are time consuming even for a single simulation. In such cases, uncertainty quantification by crude Monte Carlo simulation is not feasible. In this paper, we propose the use of sparse adaptive polynomial chaos expansions (PCE) as a surrogate of the full model. To overcome known limitations of PCE when applied to FRF simulation, we propose a frequency transformation strategy that maximizes the similarity between FRFs prior to the calculation of the PCE surrogate. This strategy results in lower order PCEs for each frequency. Principal component analysis is then employed to reduce the number of random outputs. The proposed approach is applied to two case studies: a simple 2 DOF system and a 6 DOF system with 16 random inputs. The accuracy assessment of the results indicates that the proposed approach can predict single FRFs accurately. Besides, it is shown that the first two moments of the FRFs obtained by the PCE converge to the reference results faster than with the Monte Carlo (MC) methods.
Manufacturing Lead Time Reduction and Knowledge Sharing in the Manufacturing Sector

At this time, companies' need to improve their manufacturing competitiveness in terms of better, faster and cheaper products has led to a range of approaches including 'just in time' lead time reduction; lean manufacture; using social networks; and knowledge sharing, in order to be first to get products and services to customers faster. Companies seek to reduce manufacturing lead time (MLT) in order to reduce the cost of production; short lead times are a major source of potential competitive advantage. This paper proposes a study on reducing MLT in factories in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, where lead time has become a major issue for the manufacturing industry. The aim is to provide guidance to industry practitioners and technicians on how to reduce MLT. The paper will present a conceptual framework of the causes and will use knowledge sharing sources such as social media to survey the factors that have significant impact on lead time. It will also describe the relationship between setup time, operation time, and non operation time in order to find potential methodologies that can reduce lead time in the manufacturing process and identify simple strategies for reducing lead time.
American Fiction of the 1990s Reflections of history and culture

1.  America and Its Borders 2. Latino/a Un bordering in US Fiction A. Robert Lee 3. Constituting Immigrants as Americans Nahem Yousaf 4.Cultural Translation in Bharati Mukherjee's The Holder of the World Krishna Sen Racial Exchanges 5.Red, White and Black: Racial Exchanges in Fiction by Sherman Alexie Andrew Dix 6.Globalization and American Violence in Toni Morrison's Jazz and Charles Johnson's Dreamer Andrew Warnes 7.The Reappearance of the Mixed Race Character  Tim O'Brien and the topography of trauma Brian Jarvis Sex and the Popular 11.Queer Fiction and the American Protest Literature Tradition Zoe Trodd 12.  The Afterlives of an American Adolescent Kasia Boddy 13. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings in Fiction Sharon Monteith Technologies and Terror 14. Beyond the Cold War in Don DeLillo's Mao II and Underworld Peter Knight 15. Glamorama, Fight Club, and the Terror of Narcissistic Abjection Alex E. Blazer 16. Addiction and Recovery in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest Timothy Aubry 17.Technology and Mediation at the End of Postmodernism Stephen J. Burn
Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research
Venue: European Journal of Epidemiology

The primary aim of the Swedish national population registration system is to obtain data that (1) reflect the composition, relationship and identities of the Swedish population and (2) can be used as the basis for correct decisions and measures by government and other regulatory authorities. For this purpose, Sweden has established two population registers: (1) The Population Register, maintained by the Swedish National Tax Agency "Folkbokforingsregistret" and (2) The Total Population Register (TPR) maintained by the government agency Statistics Sweden "Registret over totalbefolkningen" The registers contain data on life events including birth, death, name change, marital status, family relationships and migration within Sweden as well as to and from other countries. Updates are transmitted daily from the Tax Agency to the TPR. In this paper we describe the two population registers and analyse their strengths and weaknesses. Virtually 100 of births and deaths, 95 of immigrations and 91 of emigrations are reported to the Population Registers within 30 days and with a higher proportion over time. The over coverage of the TPR, which is primarily due to underreported emigration data, has been estimated at up to 0.5 of the Swedish population. Through the personal identity number, assigned to all residents staying at least 1 year in Sweden, data from the TPR can be used for medical research purposes, including family design studies since each individual can be linked to his or her parents, siblings and offspring. The TPR also allows for identification of general population controls, participants in cohort studies, as well as calculation of follow up time.
The Interplay between Decentralization and Privacy: The Case of Blockchain Technologies

Decentralized architectures are gaining popularity as a way to protect one's privacy against the ubiquitous surveillance of states and corporations. Yet, in spite of the obvious benefits they provide when it comes to data sovereignty, decentralized architectures also present certain characteristics that if not properly accounted for might ultimately impinge upon users' privacy. While they are capable of preserving the confidentiality of data, decentralized architectures cannot easily protect themselves against the analysis of metadata. Accordingly, if not properly designed, decentralized infrastructures intended to promote individual privacy and autonomy might turn out to be much more vulnerable to governmental or corporate surveillance than their centralized counterparts.This paper analyses the case of Bitcoin and other blockchain based networks, as an example of decentralized infrastructures which suffers from radical transparency. While they provide a series of privacy benefits to end users, the characteristics of these networks present both advantages and risks to the privacy of end users. On the one hand, the pseudonymous nature of many blockchain based networks allows for people to transact on a peer to peer basis, without disclosing their identity to anyone. On the other hand, the transparency inherent to these networks is such that anyone can retrieve the history of all transactions performed on a blockchain and rely on big data analytics in order to retrieve potentially sensitive information. The paper concludes that, in spite of the apparent dichotomy between transparency and privacy, there is no real conflict between the two. With the use of advanced cryptographic techniques, it is only a matter of time before people identify news ways to preserve individual privacy in decentralized architectures.
Antennal sensilla analyses as useful tools in the revision of the sweat bee subgenus Corynura (Callistochlora) Michener (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Although many studies have analyzed the physiology of the antennal sensilla, only a few have used them for systematics. If the abundance and distribution of the different types of sensilla are constant within species, these characters may be used as additional tools in wild bee systematics, especially for the identification of cryptic species. To assess this, we studied the antennal sensilla of the subgenus Corynura Callistochlora Michener, which comprises species frequently collected in Chile and the Argentinean Patagonia. Although the species of C. Callistochlora play an important role in the pollination of wild and cultivated plants, there are no useful keys to identify them. Here we provide a comparative study of antennal sensilla, as well as a detailed morphological revision of the species, including characters of the genital capsule and the hidden sterna. The sensilla have been important in the resolution of the subgenus, especially in the delimitation of male species. Three valid species are recognized: Corynura aureoviridis Friese, revalidated name, C. chloris Spinola and C. prothysteres Vachal. The male of C. aureoviridis and the female of C. prothysteres are described for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for four names. Synonyms, notes on variation within species, images, distributional data and a key to the species are provided. The study of the antennal sensilla as a potential tool in wild bee systematics is discussed.
A molecular and morphological phylogeny of the extant Augochlorini (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) with comments on implications for biogeography

The Augochlorini Beebe is a New World tribe of bees comprising 663 described species. Relationships among the genera of this monophyletic tribe remain uncertain. Here I provide a comprehensive phylogeny using morphological and molecular information. In all, 54 Augochlorini species plus 16 outgroups and 3017 molecular and 105 morphological characters were analysed. Sequences for four genes were analysed using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and parsimony. Morphological characters were taken from a literature review and analysed alone and in combination with molecular data using parsimony. The monophyly of Augochlorini and most genera is confirmed, with divergence of the main lineages of the tribe around 55 20 Ma. Seven clades were supported by most analyses and are here treated as genus level groups, as follows (combined analysis topology) (Corynura group, (Chlerogella group, (Rhinocorynura group, (Augochloropsis, (Megaloptidia group, (Neocorynura group, (Augochlora group, Megalopta group) According to this topology, dim light foraging and cleptoparasitism arose three times in the tribe. According to my hypothesis, the diversification of Augochlorini may have begun as a response to vicariant events, including the split of the Neotropical/Andean regions and marine transgressions in the Amazon region.
DNA barcoding as a useful tool in the systematic study of wild bees of the tribe Augochlorini (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Venue: Genome

Special care is needed in the delimitation and identification of halictid bee species, which are renowned for being morphologically monotonous. Corynura Spinola and Halictillus Moure (Halictidae: Augochlorini) contain species that are key elements in southern South American ecosystems. These bees are very difficult to identify due to close morphological similarity among species and high sexual dimorphism. We analyzed 170 barcode compliant COI sequences from 19 species. DNA barcodes were useful to confirm gender associations and to detect two new cryptic species. Interspecific distances were significantly higher than those reported for other bees. Maximum intraspecific divergence was less than 1% in 14 species. Barcode index numbers (BINs) were useful to identify putative species that need further study. More than one BIN was assigned to five species. The name Corynura patagonica (Cockerell) probably refers to two cryptic species. The results suggest that Corynura and Halictillus species can be identified using DNA barcodes. The sequences of the species included in this study can be used as a reference to assess the identification of unknown specimens. This study provides additional support for the use of DNA barcodes in bee taxonomy and the identification of specimens, which is particularly relevant in insects of ecological importance such as pollinators.
A New Species of Megaselia (Diptera: Phoridae) Associated with Brood Provisions of Nests of Neocorynura (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

Males and females of Megaselia neocorynurae n. sp. from the Eastern Andes of Colombia are described and illustrated. Females of this species can be recognized by the peculiar white color of the region of tergites 5 and 6 in the abdomen, and males by the combination of rela tively large body size, dark color, presence of four supra antennal setae and four large scutellar se tae, and the unusual erect cerci of the terminalia. Larvae of M. neocorynurae n. sp. were found feeding on brood provision 11.4 and 14.9% of the cells of two as yet undescribed species of Neo corynura. These associations represent the first halictid host for Megaselia as well as the first ex amples of this phorid fly genus as a kleptoparasite of halictid bees. Biological information of M. neocorynurae n. sp. is compared with that known for Phalacrotophora halictorum, the only pre viously known phorid fly associated with brood provisions of Halictidae.
New Frontiers for Computer Ethics: Artificial Intelligence, Virtualization, and Cyberspace

Artificial Intelligence discusses the new frontiers of ethics in the new artificial intelligent (AI) technologies, virtualization and virtual reality and cyberspace. The chapter explorers how these new frontiers are affecting the traditional ethical and social values. Our discussion is on based on the premise that artificial intelligence technologies create possibilities to understand and extend human knowledge to create intelligent agents perhaps with a human value base, intended to help solve human problems. We further look at virtualization and virtual reality technologies and how they inform our behavior based on our traditional moral and ethical values through the mediation of interaction through with electronic media. Our discussion of the social and ethical implications and consequences of virtualization is centered on two issues. One is that the anticipated benefit to society of virtualization as it extends known and relatively managed humanity's social spheres and social networks in an unprecedented way through opening up of virtual domains of social interactions. The second benefit of virtualization to society is to avail tools and make it possible for those in society who want to create new virtual social networks out of the old and dismantle old ones. Finally we discuss a global mesh of interconnected computer networks, commonly referred to as cyberspace, which makes it possible for anyone using a point of entry device like a computer, smartphone or any other internet enabled electronic device to reach anyone else, with the potential to access the mesh, through a one on one, one to many and many to one communication capabilities or through broadcasting via the world wide web. Cyberspace, because of immerse and telepresence capabilities and global reach, creates a potentially dangerous environment where one can do anything with no elegance, no accountability and no to limited.
Can Academic Medicine Lead the Way in the Refugee Crisis?
Venue: Academic medicine journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

The world is currently in the midst of the largest refugee crisis since World War II, with the highest interval of mass displacement in recorded history according to the United Nations. The United States has pledged to maintain its position as one of the world's top resettlement countries in response to this crisis. These new immigrants will arrive with exceptional chronic and acute medical needs, including higher rates of behavioral health disorders. The author describes the health care challenges experienced by refugees seeking asylum in the United States and outlines the ways in which our health care system is currently deficient in helping refugee patients to overcome these challenges. He argues that the academic medical community can change this dynamic by standardizing and expanding instruction in cross cultural competence and behavioral health screenings throughout the spectrum of medical education. Ensuring the long term well being of refugees in the United States, including meeting their mental health needs, will be the best inoculation against the risks of violent extremism which so many fear. With the absence of national leadership on this issue, academic medicine can and should lead the way.
Optimization based approach for strategic design and operation of a biomass to hydrogen supply chain

We present a new optimization based approach for design and operation of a renewable hydrogen system from various types of biomass. To achieve this goal, we develop an optimization model (mixed integer linear programming) which determines the optimal logistics decision making to minimize the total annual cost for a comprehensive biomass to hydrogen (B2H2) supply chain with import and inventory strategies. With the proposed approach we can identify the optimal design of the supply chain and main cost drivers, manage logistics operations against fluctuations of biomass availability and hydrogen demand, and make strategic decisions for planning the B2H2 system such as capital investment and energy import planning. To validate the model, a case study of an upcoming B2H2 supply chain for the transportation sector at Jeju Island, Korea, is analyzed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to provide insights into the efficient management of the B2H2 supply chain.
Extracellular Vesicles in Physiology, Pathology, and Therapy of the Immune and Central Nervous System, with Focus on Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Tools
Venue: Front. Cell. Neurosci.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane surrounded structures released by most cell types. They are characterized by a specific set of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. EVs have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication to transmit biological signals between cells. In addition, pathophysiological roles of EVs in conditions like cancer, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders are well established. In recent years focus has been shifted on therapeutic use of stem cell derived EVs. Use of stem cell derived EVs present distinct advantage over the whole stem cells as EVs do not replicate and after intravenous administration, they are less likely to trap inside the lungs. From the therapeutic perspective, the most promising cellular sources of EVs are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are easy to obtain and maintain. Therapeutic activity of MSCs has been shown in numerous animal models and the beneficial paracrine effect of MSCs may be mediated by EVs. The various components of MSC derived EVs such as proteins, lipids, and RNA might play a specific therapeutic role. In this review, we characterize the role of EVs in immune and central nervous system (CNS) present evidences for defective signaling of these vesicles in neurodegeneration and therapeutic role of EVs in CNS.
A cross cultural comparison of Ecuadorian and United States face, facework, and conflict styles during interpersonal conflict: An application of face negotiation theory

This study applied and extended face negotiation theory in a cross cultural comparison of face, facework, and conflict management styles between Ecuador and the United States (US) Participants included students from the United States and Ecuador. Participants completed a questionnaire that measured face, facework, and conflict style preference in one of two recalled conflict situations that varied in relational closeness (i.e. intimate, nonintimate) Results reveal that Ecuadorian and U.S. students did not differ in their self face, other face, and mutual face concerns. Ecuadorian and U.S. students differed significantly in their preference for facework and conflict style preferences across the two conflict situations, however.
The use of software as a service by students in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review
Venue: ICEC

In this paper, we provide an overview of the concepts and structure of cloud computing and then focus on Software as a Service (SaaS) because it is the most common cloud computing service model adopted by higher education institutions (HEIs) [29] SaaS is a service model of cloud computing that has the potential to provide students with improved academic experience by providing them with anytime anywhere access to learning, communication and collaboration materials  It has the potential to turn around the delivery and support of educational services [26] In this paper, we review the literature on the use of SaaS by students in HEIs. A total of ninety eight recent articles on cloud computing/ SaaS in Higher Education were reviewed and twenty six of the articles were found to be relevant to this paper. This research used a systematic literature review by ensuring that the search terms included all the concerned areas of using cloud computing/ SaaS in HEIs. The contents of online electronic databases including Google Scholar, Elsevier Science direct, Springer Link and IEEE were searched for recent articles and a content analysis of all the identified papers was conducted. The aim was to identify the current state of student's use of SaaS in HEIs. To achieve this, the researchers conducted a systematic review of the relevant papers. This paper also explains SaaS in details and identified the benefits of SaaS as well as the perceived obstacles to student's use of SaaS in HEIs.
A Systematic Literature Review of Funding for Higher Education Institutions in Developed Countries

Resource allocation and funding in higher education is crucial to the success of reform and transformation of our higher education system. With a view to identifying trends and best practices in the area, utilizing a method of systematic literature review, we have critically reviewed relevant theories and practices from developed counties that are covered in the scholarly literature published in English in the past 10 years. Our review has revealed: (1) Several universal trends have exerted a decisive impact on resource allocation in higher education, for example, funding reduction and tuition fee increases, performancebased funding, privatization, corporatization, and internationalization; (2) Several theories underpin key research in the area, for example, new institutional economics, resource dependence theory, and political economy; (3) Several controversial issues have made their way into public debate, for example, higher education as a public good or private good, academic capitalism, educational equity, and the role of econometrics.
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis) Accompanied by Dysuria
Venue: Case reports in urology

A 65 year old male visited us with complaints of retarded urination, dysuria, gross hematuria, and fever. Urinalysis showed pyuria. Prostatic tumor with lung metastasis was suspected from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Transurethral prostatic biopsy and bronchoscopic biopsy only revealed fibrinoid necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. Right lateral maxillary sinusitis was also found by MRI. ANCA testing was positive with specificity for anti PR3 (PR3 ANCA) On the basis of these results, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) was diagnosed. GPA involving the prostate gland is unusual, and only a few cases have previously been reported.