nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
BSHI Guideline: HLA matching and donor selection for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation
Venue: International journal of immunogenetics

A review of the British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (BSHI) "Guideline for selection and HLA matching of related, adult unrelated donors and umbilical cord units for haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation" was undertaken by a BSHI appointed writing committee. Literature searches were performed, and the data extracted were presented as recommendations according to the GRADE nomenclature.
Semi supervised linear discriminant analysis for dimension reduction and classification
Venue: Pattern Recognit.

When facing high dimensional data, dimension reduction is necessary before classification. Among dimension reduction methods, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a popular one that has been widely used. LDA aims to maximize the ratio of the between class scatter and total data scatter in projected space, and the label of each data is necessary. However, in real applications, the labeled data are scarce and unlabeled data are in large quantity, so LDA is hard to be used under such case. In this paper, we propose a novel method named semi supervised linear discriminant analysis (SLDA) which can use limited number of labeled data and a quantity of the unlabeled ones for training so that LDA can accommodate to the situation of a few labeled data available. Assuming that F represents the calculated class indicator matrix of the training data and Y denotes the true label of the labeled data, the objective function contains two parts: one is the criterion of LDA (which is a function of projection W, and a class indicator matrix F) the other is the difference between the true data label and calculated label of these labeled data. As far as we know, there is no closed form solution to the objective function. To solve such problem, we develop an iterative algorithm which calculates the class indicator matrix and the projection alternatively. The convergence of the proposed iterative algorithm is proved and confirmed by experiments. The experimental results on eight datasets show that the performance of SLDA is superior to that of traditional LDA and some state of the art semi supervised algorithms. HighlightsA semi supervised variant of LDA named semi supervised LDA is proposed.Our method can use limited number of labeled data and a quantity of the unlabeled ones for training.We develop an iterative algorithm which calculates the class indicator matrix and the projection alternatively.
Recursively global and local discriminant analysis for semi supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction with image analysis
Venue: Neurocomputing

Semi supervised discriminant analysis (SDA) is a recently developed semi supervised dimension reduction method for improving the performance of Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FDA) which attempts to mine the local structures of both labeled and unlabeled data. In this paper, we develop new semi supervised and unsupervised discriminant analysis techniques. Our semi supervised method, referred as to as recursively global and local discriminant analysis (RGLDA) is modeled based on the characterizations of "locality" and "non locality" such that the manifold regularization in the formulation has a more direct connection to classification. The objective of RGLDA is a "concave convex" programming problem based on the hinge loss. Its solution follows from solving multiple related SVM type problems. In addition, we also propose a simple version (called URGLDA) for unsupervised dimension reduction. The experiments tried out on several image databases show the effectiveness of RGLDA and URGLDA.
The multiple hit pathogenesis of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Venue: Metabolism: clinical and experimental

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly prevalent and represents a growing challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. Despite its high prevalence, only a small minority of affected patients develops inflammation and subsequently fibrosis and chronic liver disease, while most of them only exhibit simple steatosis. In this context, the full understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of NAFLD and non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is of extreme importance; despite advances in this field, knowledge on the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still incomplete. The 'two hit' hypothesis is now obsolete, as it is inadequate to explain the several molecular and metabolic changes that take place in NAFLD. The "multiple hit" hypothesis considers multiple insults acting together on genetically predisposed subjects to induce NAFLD and provides a more accurate explanation of NAFLD pathogenesis. Such hits include insulin resistance, hormones secreted from the adipose tissue, nutritional factors, gut microbiota and genetic and epigenetic factors. In this article, we review the factors that form this hypothesis.
Pocket book learning: Learning methods to train students productive and creative using 'BRANO' as an effective learning recorder

This study aimed to describe the needs of teachers, students and develop learning constructivist, as well as test their effectiveness for subjects Car chassis, which can improve the quality of students' Vocational High School in Malang. Research and development are carried out with the steps: initial assessment by mapping the needs of students through the study of documentation and interview; prototype development models; and testing of the expert group and builder subjects. Research conducted at the Vocational High School in Malang. The results showed that 'BRANO' which was developed based on the needs of students and teachers have met the eligibility, suitability and enforceability according to expert groups and builder group lesson. 'BRANO' based on the needs of students to increase the productivity and creativity of students include mindset, the syntax of the model, the social system, the role of infrastructure and learning effects using subjects 'BRANO' against Car Transmission.
The "Reason" of Radical Evil: Shakespeare, Milton, and the Ethical Philosophers

The Protestant Reformation and Counter Reformation considerably deepened the moral and philosophical understanding of the concept of evil. Building on the early Christian Fathers and especially on Augustine's seminal analyses of the causes and effects of the human fall, post Reformation thinkers at once adopted and modified his refutation of Manichean evil with ideas imported from John Calvin, Jacobus Arminius, and later, from "natural" or rational religion. Given the current resistance to standard theological explanations of evil, this article centers on the rational approaches associated first with Richard Hooker and then with his most radical disciple, Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Tracing the development of rational ideas of evil, the article examines these ideas' exploration in literature by William Shakespeare and John Milton in the characters of Macbeth and Satan.
DETERMINASI STRAIN LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI (LINN) RENTAN HOMOZIGOT DENGAN METODE SELEKSI INDUKAN TUNGGAL

ABSTRA K Pengendalian umumnya dilakukan dengan tiga cara yaitu fisik, biologik, dan kimia. Aplikasi insektisida merupakan cara yang paling umum digunakan. Disamping keunggulan dalam penurunan populasi vektor yang cepat, aplikasi satu jenis insektisida yang berulang dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan bebeberapa masalah, yakni munculnya populasi serangga target yang resisten, resurjensi, ledakan hama sekunder, penumpukan residu insektisida di alam yang menimbulkan masalah terhadap manusia, hewan dan lingkungan. Nyamuk Ae des aegypti dewasa yang berasal dari laboratorium Entomologi Kesehatan Institut Pertanian Bogor diambil secara acak. Telur Ae. aegypti yang berasal dari satu indukan ditetaskan secara terpisah. Insektisida yang digunakan untuk pengujian larva nyamuk yaitu malation, propoksur, dan sipermetrin. Uji kerentanan larva terhadap setiap jenis konsentrasi insektisida menggunakan 25 larva instar III. Hasil menunjukkan dengan metode seleksi indukan tunggal, kemudian dipaparkan dengan insektisida malation, propoksur, dan sipermetrin, larva Ae Aegypti memperlihatkan tren rentan homozigot pada generasi keempat (F 4 Pembentukan strain homozigot rentan memerlukan waktu di atas lima generasi.  Ae. aegypti, Insektisida Seleksi Indukan Tunggal.
Efektifitas Modifikasi Ovitrap Model Kepanjen untuk Menurunkan Angka Kepadatan Larva Aedes aegypti di Malang

Ovitrap merupakan alat perangkap telur nyamuk yang sukses diaplikasikan di beberapa negara. Penyederhanaan model ovitrap telah dilakukan dan diaplikasikan di Kepanjen, Kabupaten Malang namun sampai saat ini kontribusinya dalam menurunkan kepadatan larva belum pernah dievaluasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan House Index, Container Index, Breteau Index, dan Density Index antara daerah perlakuan dan daerah kontrol serta sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, mengetahui trend jumlah telur nyamuk per ovitrap, serta mengidentifikasi jenis larva yang ditetaskan dari telur yang didapat dari ovitrap. Penelitian Eksperimen Kuasi dilakukan di 4 Rukun Warga (RW) dari kelurahan yang berbeda di Kotamadya Malang pada September 2013 Februari 2014 yang memiliki Incidence Rate (per 10.000 penduduk) DBD tertinggi dalam empat bulan pertama 2013 yaitu 11,89 untuk Jatimulyo; 10,52 untuk Merjosari; 31,57 untuk Sumbersari; dan 25,21 untuk Bandulan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa angka kepadatan larva (HI, BI, CI, dan DI) dua RW perlakuan lebih rendah secara signifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan dua RW kontrol dengan Uji Mann Whitney. Kepadatan larva dan rata rata jumlah telur dari ovitrap sesudah aplikasi ovitrap lebih rendah dibandingkan sebelumnya. Sebagian besar telur yang terperangkap merupakan telur Aedes aegypti. Disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ovitrap di 4 RW dari kelurahan di Malang efektif untuk menurunkan kepadatan larva dan dapat diterapkan sebagai salah satu cara pengendalian nyamuk Ae. aegypti.  Aedes aegypti, angka kepadatan jentik, ovitrap, jumlah telur
Brand architecture strategy and firm value: how leveraging, separating, and distancing the corporate brand affects risk and returns

Despite evidence suggesting a growing incidence of brand architecture strategies beyond the branded house (e.g. Boeing and IBM) and house of brands (e.g. P&G with Tide and Cheer) and recognition that in practice these strategies are very different, there is still a need for research on how financial markets value the full range of brand architecture strategies pursued by firms. We replicate and extend Rao et al.'s ( 126 141, 2004) investigation of brand portfolio strategy and firm performance by (1) adding sub branding and endorsed branding architectures, (2) clarifying the "mixed" architecture to constitute a BH HOB hybrid and remove sub and endorsed branding variants, and (3) quantifying the impact of a company's brand architecture strategy on stock risk in addition to returns. To explore the risk profiles of these five different strategies, we offer a brand relevant conceptualization of the sources of idiosyncratic risk that may be exacerbated or controlled through brand architecture strategy: brand reputation risk, brand dilution risk, brand cannibalization risk, and brand stretch risk. We demonstrate superior results in terms of model performance using the expanded five part architecture categorization and conclude with implications for practice. Our results show that risk/return tradeoffs for sub branding, endorsed branding, and the BH HOB hybrid differ significantly from what common wisdom suggests.
How organisation of architecture documentation affects architectural knowledge retrieval
Venue: Sci. Comput. Program.

A common approach to software architecture documentation in industry projects is the use of file based documents. This approach offers a single dimensional arrangement of the architectural knowledge. Knowledge retrieval from file based architecture documentation is efficient if the organisation of knowledge supports the needs of the readers; otherwise it can be difficult. In this paper, we compare the organisation and retrieval of architectural knowledge in a file based documentation approach and an ontology based documentation approach. The ontology based approach offers a multi dimensional organisation of architectural knowledge by means of a software ontology and semantic wiki, whereas file based documentation typically uses hierarchical organisation by directory structure and table of content. We conducted case studies in two companies to study the efficiency and effectiveness of retrieving architectural knowledge from the different organisations of knowledge. We found that the use of better knowledge organisation correlates with the efficiency and effectiveness of AK retrieval. Professionals who used the knowledge organisation found this beneficial. We compare retrieval from file based and ontology based architecture documentation.We investigate how the organisation of knowledge affects knowledge retrieval.Better knowledge organisation improves retrieval efficiency and effectiveness.We also report a cost benefit analysis and survey on both documentation approaches.
Composantes multidimentionnelles de l'arbitrage de la consideration locale a l'interculturalite internationale

La mondialisation a permis l'instauration de plusieurs institutions d'arbitrage. Cette multitude de choix offerte aux investisseurs pourrait induire les parties a choisir une institution defavorable quant a la resolution de leur litige. L'objectif de la these est de presenter un modele de gestion pour les juristes qui facilite le choix de la juridiction la plus efficace ceci avec la mise en oeuvre d'un tableau de notation associant des criteres multidimensionnels accordant une notation selon le degre d'importance vue par les parties. A ce sujet, le tableau mis en place regroupe les quatre juridictions les plus connues internationalement qui sont les juridictions etatiques, la CCI, le CIRDI et la CNUDCI. L'arbitrage est compose de plusieurs fondements qui lui accordent sa specificite. L'analyse multidimensionnelle permettrait donc de faire une analyse arithmetique des valeurs comparatives des composantes juridiques et extra juridiques de l'arbitrage qui forment le tableau de notation afin de faciliter la prise de decisions des investisseurs. Afin de verifier l'efficacite du tableau de notation, un questionnaire a ete adresse aux investisseurs ainsi que des interviews effectuees avec des juristes ont permis de deceler l'impact de l'experience sur le choix du centre le plus efficace. L'etude de cas de l'affaire COMMISIMPEX est un exemple de l'effet du choix inefficace sur la resolution du litige et explique comment l'experience pourrait affecter la decision de l'institution d'arbitrage le plus efficace a la resolution du litige. Pour en conclure qu'il n'y a pas de juridiction intrinsequement meilleure que les autres. Il faut donc proceder au cas par cas et selon ce que les parties recherchent suite a leur litige, pour en deduire la juridiction ou l'institution qui leur serait la plus favorable afin de leurs garantir le plus de droits lors de la resolution de leur litige
Maize growth responses to soil microbes and soil properties after fertilization with different green manures
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

The use of green manures in agriculture can provide nutrients, affect soil microbial communities, and be a more sustainable management practice. The activities of soil microbes can effect crop growth, but the extent of this effect on yield remains unclear. We investigated soil bacterial communities and soil properties under four different green manure fertilization regimes (Vicia villosa, common vetch, milk vetch, and radish) and determined the effects of these regimes on maize growth. Milk vetch showed the greatest potential for improving crop productivity and increased maize yield by 31.3 This change might be related to changes in soil microbes and soil properties. The entire soil bacterial community and physicochemical properties differed significantly among treatments, and there were significant correlations between soil bacteria, soil properties, and maize yield. In particular, abundance of the phyla Acidobacteria and Verrucomicrobia was positively correlated with maize yield, while Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were negatively correlated with yield. These data suggest that the variation of maize yield was related to differences in soil bacteria. The results also indicate that soil pH, alkali solution nitrogen, and available potassium were the key environmental factors shaping soil bacterial communities and determining maize yields. Both soil properties and soil microbes might be useful as indicators of soil quality and potential crop yield.
The effects of nitrogen enrichment on soil CO2 fluxes depending on temperature and soil properties

The continuous increase in anthropogenic nitrogen (N) may have a substantial impact on soil carbon (C) fluxes; thus, understanding the dynamics of soil C fluxes under N enrichment is important. Our main goal was to resolve the conflicting results presented to date and to expand our knowledge about the response of soil respiration (Rs) to N enrichment, which may be affected by the physico chemical properties of soil and environmental factors.  We assembled a large dataset for meta analysis, including 563 datasets on annual and seasonal Rs with N enrichment from 154 published papers at 163 sites, covering seven types of biomes world wide. 1) N enrichment was not significantly related to global Rs but we found a negative relationship in forests and a positive one in other biomes. (2) Rs showed a negative correlation with the N levels in forests and croplands and a positive correlation with the N levels in deserts; heterotrophic respiration exhibited negative correlations with N levels globally, and its response was correlated with the incubation environment. (3) The response of Rs to N enrichment was also correlated with mean annual temperature and soil properties, with 15 degC being the threshold for switching between increasing and decreasing Rs. (4) The estimated total C flux for global terrestrial lands was 97.01 Pg C year 1, and 1 kg of N enrichment at ha 1 year 1 induced an average efflux of 1.33 kg C ha 1 year 1.  The response of Rs to future N enrichment should be predicted separately for each biome. The association between changes in Rs and temperature and soil properties under N enrichment makes soil C flux a more complex challenge in the context of future increases in temperature and N deposition.
Hybrid Intrusion Detection Method to Increase Anomaly Detection by Using Data Mining Techniques

An Intrusion Detection System is an application which observes movements or action happen on the network and determine it for any kind of harmful activity that can disturb computer security policy. With progress of increase the usage rate of the internet, there is a widely increase in the number of internet attacks as well, so contests arise towards the network security due to the arrival of new approaches of attacks. To classify these attacks, a new hybrid method with the help of data mining based on decision tree C4.5 and Meta algorithm is planned. This method gives a classifier which expands the whole accuracy of detection. Many data mining techniques have been settled for detecting intrusion. For recognition of anomalies a hybrid technique based on decision tree C4.5 with Meta algorithm is offered that provides better accuracy and reduces the problem of high false alarm ratio. The assessment of the given approach is made with other data mining techniques. With this given approach detection rate is improved significantly. KDD Cup 1999 dataset use for experimental work.
Mode division multiplexing LiNbO3 modulator using directional coupler
Venue: 2016 21st OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC) held jointly with 2016 International Conference on Photonics in Switching (PS)

We designed and fabricated a LiNbO3 integrated optical modulator for mode division multiplexing, where optical signals in two modes can be independently controlled and combined together. Mode crosstalk was smaller than 20dB in C band.
A 20dB stripline coupler with CPWG transitional structure
Venue: 2016 IEEE MTT S International Microwave Workshop Series on Advanced Materials and Processes for RF and THz Applications (IMWS AMP)

Two designs of 20dB directional stripline couplers with high isolation are presented. Each of the couplers consists of a stripline coupler and a transitional structure. Grounded coplanar waveguide (CPWG) and microstrip line are utilized as transitional structures, respectively. The presented designs of coupler have advantages of compact size, high isolation, and simple design procedure. The stripline coupler with CPWG and the one with microstrip line are simulated and the results are compared. The coupler with CPWG transitional structure is fabricated and measured. With the return loss of higher than 23 dB, the isolation of fabricated 20dB stripline coupler with CPWG is higher than 43 dB over the frequency range from 2.6GHz to 4.7 GHz.
Compositionality, Decompositionality and Refinement in Input/Output Conformance Testing
Venue: FACS

We propose an input/output conformance testing theory utilizing Modal Interface Automata with Input Refusals (IR MIA) as novel behavioral formalism for both the specification and the implementation under test. A modal refinement relation on IR MIA allows distinguishing between obligatory and allowed output behaviors, as well as between implicitly underspecified and explicitly forbidden input behaviors. The theory therefore supports positive and negative conformance testing with optimistic and pessimistic environmental assumptions. We further show that the resulting conformance relation on IR MIA, called modal irioco, enjoys many desirable properties concerning component based behaviors. First, modal irioco is preserved under modal refinement and constitutes a preorder under certain restrictions which can be ensured by a canonical input completion for IR MIA. Second, under the same restrictions, modal irioco is compositional with respect to parallel composition of IR MIA with multi cast and hiding. Finally, the quotient operator on IR MIA, as the inverse to parallel composition, facilitates decompositionality in conformance testing to solve the unknown component problem.