nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Threat of Virtualization: Hypervisor Based Rootkits on the ARM Architecture
Venue: ICICS

The virtualization capabilities of today's systems offer rootkits excellent hideouts, where they are fairly immune to countermeasures. In this paper, we evaluate the vulnerability to hypervisor based rootkits of ARM based platforms, considering both ARMv7 and ARMv8. We implement a proof of concept rootkit to prove the validity of our findings. We then detail the anatomy of an attack wherein a hypervisor rootkit and a userspace process collaborate to undermine the isolation properties enforced by the Linux kernel. Based on our discoveries, we explore the possibilities of mitigating each attack vector. Finally, we discuss methods to detect such highly privileged rootkits so as to conceive more effective countermeasures.
Bcl xL promotes metastasis independent of its anti apoptotic activity
Venue: Nature communications

Bcl xL suppresses mitochondria mediated apoptosis and is frequently overexpressed in cancer to promote cancer cell survival. Bcl xL also promotes metastasis. However, it is unclear whether this metastatic function is dependent on its anti apoptotic activity in the mitochondria. Here we demonstrate that Bcl xL promotes metastasis independent of its anti apoptotic activity. We show that apoptosis defective Bcl xL mutants and an engineered Bcl xL targeted to the nucleus promote epithelial mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion and stemness in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (panNET) and breast cancer cell lines. However, Bcl xL proteins targeted to the mitochondria or outside of the nucleus do not have these functions. We confirm our findings in spontaneous and xenograft mouse models. Furthermore, Bcl xL exerts metastatic function through epigenetic modification of the TGFb promoter to increase TGFb signalling. Consistent with these findings, we detect nuclear Bcl xL in human metastatic panNETs. Taken together, the metastatic function of Bcl xL is independent of its anti apoptotic activity and its residence in the mitochondria.
Directed elimination of senescent cells by inhibition of BCL W and BCL XL
Venue: Nature communications

Senescent cells, formed in response to physiological and oncogenic stresses, facilitate protection from tumourigenesis and aid in tissue repair. However, accumulation of such cells in tissues contributes to age related pathologies. Resistance of senescent cells to apoptotic stimuli may contribute to their accumulation, yet the molecular mechanisms allowing their prolonged viability are poorly characterized. Here we show that senescent cells upregulate the anti apoptotic proteins BCL W and BCL XL. Joint inhibition of BCL W and BCL XL by siRNAs or the small molecule ABT 737 specifically induces apoptosis in senescent cells. Notably, treatment of mice with ABT 737 efficiently eliminates senescent cells induced by DNA damage in the lungs as well as senescent cells formed in the epidermis by activation of p53 through transgenic p14ARF. Elimination of senescent cells from the epidermis leads to an increase in hair follicle stem cell proliferation. The finding that senescent cells can be eliminated pharmacologically paves the way to new strategies for the treatment of age related pathologies.
A regional cohort study of the treatment of critically ill children with bronchiolitis
Venue: The Journal of asthma official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma

To describe the treatment practices in critically ill children with RSV bronchiolitis across four regional PICUs in the northeastern United States, and to determine the factors associated with increased ICU length of stay in this population.  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children who were admitted with RSV bronchiolitis between July 2009 and July 2011 to the PICUs of Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Yale New Haven Children's Hospital, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, and Baystate Children's Hospital. Data were collected regarding clinical characteristics and intensive care course among these hospitals.  During the study period, 323 children were admitted to one of the four ICUs with RSV bronchiolitis. Despite similar mortality risk scores among ICUs, there was considerable variation in the use of therapies, particularly intubation and mechanical ventilation, in which there was greater than a 3.5 fold increased risk of intubation between sites with the highest and lowest frequency of intubation (odds ratio: 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 2.2 6.4) Albuterol was the most commonly used respiratory treatment, followed by chest physiotherapy, high flow nasal cannula, and hypertonic saline. Longer stays in the ICU were associated with more frequent use of therapies, specifically invasive mechanical ventilation, inhaled corticosteroids, intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, and chest physiotherapy.  Even within a close geographic region, there is significant variation in the treatment provided to critically ill children with RSV bronchiolitis. None of these treatments were associated with shorter durations of hospitalization in this population and some, such as mechanical ventilation, were associated with longer ICU lengths of stay.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Human Striatum in Tourette Syndrome
Venue: Biological Psychiatry

Genome wide association studies have not revealed any risk conferring common genetic variants in Tourette syndrome (TS) requiring the adoption of alternative approaches to investigate the pathophysiology of this disorder.  We obtained the basal ganglia transcriptome by RNA sequencing in the caudate and putamen of nine TS and nine matched normal control subjects.  We found 309 downregulated and 822 upregulated genes in the caudate and putamen (striatum) of TS individuals. Using data driven gene network analysis, we identified 17 gene coexpression modules associated with TS. The top scoring downregulated module in TS was enriched in striatal interneuron transcripts, which was confirmed by decreased numbers of cholinergic and gamma aminobutyric acidergic interneurons by immunohistochemistry in the same regions. The top scoring upregulated module was enriched in immune related genes, consistent with activation of microglia in patients' striatum. Genes implicated by copy number variants in TS were enriched in the interneuron module, as well as in a protocadherin module. Module clustering revealed that the interneuron module was correlated with a neuronal metabolism module.  Convergence of differential expression, network analyses, and module clustering, together with copy number variants implicated in TS, strongly implicates disrupted interneuron signaling in the pathophysiology of severe TS and suggests that metabolic alterations may be linked to their death or dysfunction.
Effect of the craniocervical brace on craniocervical angle, thoracic kyphosis angle, and trunk extensor muscle activity during typing in subjects with forward head posture.
Venue: Work

The relationship between forward head posture (FHP) and thoracic kyphosis has been a subject of interest in the rehabilitation field for visual display terminal workers.  The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of the craniocervical brace use on craniocervical angle (CCA) thoracic kyphosis angle (TKA) and trunk extensor muscle activity.  Twelve young male subjects with forward head posture (21.6+ 1.9 years) participated in this study. We compared CCA TKA and trunk extensor muscle activity between with and without application of the craniocervical brace during visual display terminal work.  When wearing the craniocervical brace, the subjects demonstrated significantly greater CCA at the start and the end of the task and less change in CCA during the task (p 0.05) While non significantly less TKA was seen at the start of the task, significantly less TKA was observed at the end of the task when using the craniocervical brace (p 0.05) The craniocervical brace use also led to significantly less change in TKA (p 0.05) There was no significant difference in the trunk extensor muscle activity.  Use of the craniocervical brace decreased FHP immediately, lessened thoracic kyphosis over time, and prevented the worsening of FHP and thoracic kyphosis during visual display terminal work.
Association between Thoracic Kyphosis, Head Posture and Cervical Range of Motion in Adults with and without Cervical Spine Dysfunction

Excessive Thoracic Kyphosis (TK) and Forward Head Posture(FHP) become more apparent in aging adults from the accumulation of remodeling in response to habitual postures. Faulty posture of the shoulders, neck, and particularly the head may contribute to the onset and perpetuation of cervical pain dysfunction syndrome. Current literature suggests that an association exists between the head posture, thoracic kyphosis and cervical range of motion in individuals with cervical spine dysfunction. Since age as well as cervical spine dysfunction may affect the above parameters, the objective of our research was to study the association between these in adults with and without cervical spine dysfunction. 50 adults with CSD and 50 adults without CSD were assessed for TK, FHP and Cervical range of motion (CROM) by flexicurve method Kipnotic Index (KI) measuring cranio vertebral angle(CVA) using a lateral view photograph(digitized) of the subject and using Universal Goniometer respectively. In both groups, there was increased KI (TK) lesser CVA i.e. FHP and reduced CROM when compared to normative values, however there was no statistical difference in KI and CVA between the two groups (p=0.53,0.75) Cervical extension and rotation ranges were significantly reduced in CSD adults (p=0.00,0.00,0.00) Correlation between CVA and CROM, KI and CROM and KI and CVA was not significant in adults with as well as without CSD (p=0.16 0.51,0.05 0.35,p=0.08 0.69,0.19 0.52,p=0.13,0.94 respectively).Conclusion: Correlation between FHP and CROM,TK and CROM, FHP and TK in adults with and without CSD was not significant.
Kinematic Causes and Exercise Rehabilitations of Patients with Round Shoulder, Thoracic Kyphosis and Forward Head Posture (FHP)

To analyze the cause in kinematics and corresponding exercise rehabilitation of round shoulder, thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture.  We recruited 26 patients with obvious symptoms of round shoulder, thoracickyphosis and forward head posture, with a difference of 4 degree or more in positive rake angle. Patients include 16 males with an average age of 24 3.4 (Mean SD) and 10 females with an average age of 25 3.7, with an overall duration of pathological symptoms of 3.4 1.3 years. The sports prescription effectiveness was evaluated base on positive rake angle, neck vertebrae mobility and glenohumeral mobility.  The positive rake angles were decreased from 5.4 2.6 degrees (pretreatment) to 2.2 1.2 degrees (post treatment) Cervical joint mobility range bending from front to back was improved from 56.8 2.6 degrees (pre treatment) to 76.6 2.2 degrees (post treatment) the range bending from left to right improved from 46.1 3.7 degrees (pre treatment) to 80.1 3.4 degrees (post treatment) and the range rotating from left to right improved from 80.5 9.2 degrees (pre treatment) to 122.8 9.6 degrees(post treatment) The glenohumeral mobility was improved from 144.7 7.5 degrees (internal bending) 43.4 4.7 degrees (external stretching) 77.3 5.7 degrees (internal rotation) 69.8 5.3 degrees (external rotation) to 172.3 6.8 degrees (internal bending) 54.5 4.1 degrees (external stretching) 83.2 6.6 degrees (internal rotation) 80.4 7.3 degrees (external rotation) Significant difference between pre treatment and post treatment were observed based on evaluation of all three factors (p<0.05)  Abnormal postures, such as round shoulder, thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture, could be resulted from long time operation of computers, which induced unbalanced kinematics of muscles around the neck, chest and back. Underload resistive exercises and stretching of chest and arms have significant improving effect for correcting round shoulder, thoracic kyphosis and forward head posture.
Rotational atherectomy in very long lesions: Results for the ROTATE registry
Venue: Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography Interventions

Rotational atherectomy (RA) is relatively contraindicated in patients with lesions =25 mm of length. Aim of this study was to evaluate RA safety and efficacy in this subset of patients with new technology and devices.
CAUSALITY ANALYSIS BETWEEN FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX: A CASE STUDY OF PROVINCES IN EASTERN INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the causal relationship between the provincial financial performance and the Human Development Index (HDI) The results of this research are important since it can be used as a guidance to make a sound policy of local government's revenue and budget allocation which can improve the welfare or quality of the society. The methodology of this paper is a quantitative approach by using the Granger causality test. Several provinces in Eastern Indonesia are used as the object of research since those areas are underdeveloped compared to western Indonesia. Several financial ratios are used as the proxies of local financial performance. The results show that most of the financial performances do not have a causal relationship with HDI, except for several proxies in some provinces.
Carbon nanotubes from synthesis to in vivo biomedical applications.
Venue: International journal of pharmaceutics

Owing to their unique and interesting properties, extensive research round the globe has been carried out on carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes based systems to investigate their practical usefulness in biomedical applications. The results from these studies demonstrate a great promise in their use in targeted drug delivery systems, diagnostic techniques and in bio analytical applications. Although, carbon nanotubes possess quite interesting properties, which make them potential candidates in the biomedical science, but they also have some inherent properties which arise great concern regarding their biosafety. In this comprehensive review, we have discussed different aspects of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube based systems related to biomedical applications. In the beginning, a short historical account of these tiny yet powerful particles is given followed by discussion regarding their types, properties, methods of synthesis, large scale production method, purification techniques and characterization aspects of carbon nanotubes. In the second part of the review, the functionalization of carbon nanotubes is reviewed in detail, which is not only important to make them biocompatible and stable in biological systems but also render them a great property of loading various biomolecules, diagnostic and therapeutic moieties resulting in diversified applications. In the final part of the review, emphasis is given on the pharmacokinetic aspects of carbon nanotubes including administration routes, absorption mechanisms, distribution and elimination of carbon nanotubes based systems. Lastly, a comprehensive account about the potential biomedical applications has been given followed by insights into the future.
Rapid removal of noxious nickel (II) using novel g alumina nanoparticles and multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Kinetic and isotherm studies

Novel g alumina nanoparticles and MWCNTs were synthesized for the rapid removal of the noxious nickel (II) from the solvent phase. Hence this study investigated the ability of nano sized particle in Ni (II) adsorption. The influential parameters including contact time (min) adsorbent dosage (g/L) pH and the initial concentration of Ni (II) were investigated and optimized using the batch adsorption study. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data were well fitted and found to be in good agreement with Langmuir and pseudo second order kinetic model respectively and the maximum Ni (II) percentage removal using MWCNTs and novel g alumina nanoparticle was 87.65% and 99.41% respectively under optimum conditions. The maximum removal of Ni (II) was observed at pH 10. Upon experimentation, it was observed on increasing the adsorbent dosage and initial concentration the amount of Ni (II) removal efficiency also increased. Finally, it can be concluded that the synthesized nanoparticles can be applied as the best adsorbent to remove the Ni (II) from aqueous solution.
Horton Tables: Fast Hash Tables for In Memory Data Intensive Computing
Venue: USENIX Annual Technical Conference

Hash tables are important data structures that lie at the heart of important applications such as key value stores and relational databases. Typically bucketized cuckoo hash tables (BCHTs) are used because they provide high throughput lookups and load factors that exceed 95% Unfortunately, this performance comes at the cost of reduced memory access efficiency. Positive lookups (key is in the table) and negative lookups (where it is not) on average access 1.5 and 2.0 buckets, respectively, which results in 50 to 100% more table containing cache lines to be accessed than should be minimally necessary. To reduce these surplus accesses, this paper presents the Horton table, a revamped BCHT that reduces the expected cost of positive and negative lookups to fewer than 1.18 and 1.06 buckets, respectively, while still achieving load factors of 95% The key innovation is remap entries, small in bucket records that allow (1) more elements to be hashed using a single, primary hash function, (2) items that overflow buckets to be tracked and rehashed with one of many alternate functions while maintaining a worst case lookup cost of 2 buckets, and (3) shortening the vast majority of negative searches to 1 bucket access. With these advancements, Horton tables outperform BCHTs by 17% to 89%
"Making the News" Identifying Noteworthy Events in News Articles
Venue: EVENTS@HLT NAACL

Most events described in a news article are background events only a small number are noteworthy, and a even smaller number serve as the trigger for writing of that article. Although these events are difficult to identify, they are crucial to NLP tasks such as first story detection, document summarization and event coreference, and to many applications of event analysis that depend on event counting and identifying trends. In this work, we introduce the notion of news peg, a concept borrowed from the political science literature, in an attempt to remedy this problem. A news peg is an event which prompted the author to write the article, and it serves as a more fine grained measure of noteworthiness than a summary. We describe a new task of news peg identification and release an annotated dataset for its evaluation. We formalize an operational definition of a news peg, on which human annotators achieve high inter annotator agreement (over 80% and present a rule based system for this task, which exploits syntactic features derived from established journalistic devices.
Financial Frauds: Data Mining based Detection A Comprehensive Survey

Financial fraud is a global problem and had affected the economy worldwide. Data mining being one of the most effective and powerful tool for detecting financial fraud had been used widely by the business analysts and researchers. This survey paper formalizes different types of financial frauds, summarizes the effective attributes for detecting each type of fraud, and present the latest developments on the use of data mining as a detection tool for financial frauds. The present survey analyses almost all published research work in the field of financial fraud detection for the period of 7 years starting from 2009. Its aim is to help researchers in identifying the suitable variables and data mining techniques by providing the landscape of research platforms for detection of financial fraud.
Fraud detection system: A survey
Venue: J. Netw. Comput. Appl.

The increment of computer technology use and the continued growth of companies have enabled most financial transactions to be performed through the electronic commerce systems, such as using the credit card system, telecommunication system, healthcare insurance system, etc. Unfortunately, these systems are used by both legitimate users and fraudsters. In addition, fraudsters utilized different approaches to breach the electronic commerce systems. Fraud prevention systems (FPSs) are insufficient to provide adequate security to the electronic commerce systems. However, the collaboration of FDSs with FPSs might be effective to secure electronic commerce systems. Nevertheless, there are issues and challenges that hinder the performance of FDSs, such as concept drift, supports real time detection, skewed distribution, large amount of data etc. This survey paper aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of these issues and challenges that obstruct the performance of FDSs. We have selected five electronic commerce systems; which are credit card, telecommunication, healthcare insurance, automobile insurance and online auction. The prevalent fraud types in those E commerce systems are introduced closely. Further, state of the art FDSs approaches in selected E commerce systems are systematically introduced. Then a brief discussion on potential research trends in the near future and conclusion are presented.
Tumor Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Resistance.
Venue: American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting

The rapidly changing landscape of oncology has brought new light, and with it, new challenges to optimizing therapeutic strategies for patients. Although the concept of patient heterogeneity is well known to any practicing clinician, a more detailed understanding of the biologic changes that underscore the clinical picture is beginning to emerge. Thus, tumor heterogeneity has come to encompass more than just the clinical picture and can represent both intratumor and intertumor differences. Within the fields of thoracic oncology and melanoma, the discovery of key molecular drivers has resulted in landmark breakthroughs in therapy. However, the complexities of tumor genetics and the interaction within the environment continue to drive the search for better therapies. Ongoing challenges include the accurate and timely assessment of genetic changes as well as the development of resistance and the resultant compensatory mechanisms. Novel technologies, including commercially available next generation sequencing, have allowed for a greater breadth and depth of information to be gained from a single pathologic specimen, and it is now being incorporated into routine clinical practice. Translational advances have subsequently provided valuable insight into mechanisms of resistance, with the development of novel treatment strategies. Future work will focus on novel diagnostic techniques and adaptive mechanisms that can ultimately drive the development of the next generation of cancer therapy.