nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Christian Calendars in Medieval Hebrew Manuscripts

The phenomenon of Christian calendars in Hebrew has largely been ignored in modern scholarship; yet it points to an important dimension of Jewish Christian relations, and more specifically Jewish attitudes towards Christianity, in late medieval northern Europe. It is also evidence of transfer of religious knowledge between Christians and Jews, because the Hebrew texts closely replicate, in contents as well as in layout and presentation, the Latin liturgical calendars, which in many cases the Hebrew scribes must have used directly as base texts. Knowledge of the Christian calendar was essential to Jews for dating documents, especially (but not exclusively) those intended for Christians, for understanding dates in documents, for scheduling business or other meetings with Christians, and in short, for effectively coordinating their socio economic activities with the rhythms and structure of Christian medieval life.
Deep Expectation of Real and Apparent Age from a Single Image Without Facial Landmarks
Venue: International Journal of Computer Vision

In this paper we propose a deep learning solution to age estimation from a single face image without the use of facial landmarks and introduce the IMDB WIKI dataset, the largest public dataset of face images with age and gender labels. If the real age estimation research spans over decades, the study of apparent age estimation or the age as perceived by other humans from a face image is a recent endeavor. We tackle both tasks with our convolutional neural networks (CNNs) of VGG 16 architecture which are pre trained on ImageNet for image classification. We pose the age estimation problem as a deep classification problem followed by a softmax expected value refinement. The key factors of our solution are: deep learned models from large data, robust face alignment, and expected value formulation for age regression. We validate our methods on standard benchmarks and achieve state of the art results for both real and apparent age estimation.
How Parents' and Teachers' Emotional Skills Foster Academic Performance in School Music Students.

This paper explores the importance and effects of parents' and teachers' attitudes on students' academic performance in music. To this end, the research literature on the effects of parental and teacher behaviour on the behaviour of their children and students is reviewed, focusing on parents' and teachers' emotional skills. The review looks at general education and more specifically at music education. The review shows a positive relationship between emotional skills and academic performance, as well as a positive correlation between the development of parents' and teachers' emotional skills and the academic performance of their children and students. Thus, parents' and teachers' emotional skills may be a vital aspect for an effective music education.
Exploring the long term associations between adolescents' music training and academic achievement

There is a positive relationship between learning music and academic achievement, although doubts remain regarding the mechanisms underlying this association. This research analyses the academic performance of music and non music students from seventh to ninth grade. The study controls for socioeconomic status, intelligence, motivation and prior academic achievement. Data were collected from 110 adolescents at two time points, once when the students were between 11 and 14 years old in the seventh grade, and again 3 years later. Our results show that music students perform better academically than non music students in the seventh grade (Cohen's d 0.88) and in the ninth grade (Cohen's d 1.05) This difference is particularly evident in their scores in Portuguese language and natural science; the difference is somewhat weaker in history and geography scores, and is least pronounced in mathematics and English scores (e2 p from .09 to .21) A longitudinal analysis also revealed better academic performance by music students after controlling for prior academic achievement (e2 p .07) Furthermore, controlling for intelligence, socioeconomic status and motivation did not eliminate the positive association between music learning from the seventh to the ninth grade and students' academic achievement (e2 p .06) During the period, music students maintained better and more consistent academic standing. We conclude that, after controlling for intelligence, socioeconomic status and motivation, music training is positively associated with academic achievement.
Progress in computational thinking, and expanding the HPC community
Venue: Commun. ACM

The Communications Web site, http:/cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of Communications, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts. twitter Follow us on Twitter at http:/twitter.com/blogCACM http:/cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog cacm Jeannette Wing considers the proliferation of computational thinking, while Dan Stanzione hopes to bring more HPC practitioners to SC16.
Tracking Tourist Spatial Temporal Behavior in Urban Places, A Methodological Overview and GPS Case Study
Venue: ENTER

The tourism industry is inundated with tourists who have diverse profiles and choose to spend their time in different ways when visiting urban destinations. Understanding the so called spatial temporal behavior of tourists would include, a study of their movement within the space, the duration of time they spend at any given location and the services they utilize, all of which can provide valuable information not only to Destination Management Organizations, but also to all stakeholders involved in tourism businesses and the field of tourism research. While spatial temporal behavior of tourists can be monitored and measured by several tracking methods, no general overview on the methodological approaches has been provided so far. Therefore, this research paper attempts to investigate and describe the possible tracking methods, while outlining the associated advantages and disadvantages of tracking tourist behavior in an urban place. Since using the Global Positioning System (GPS) has proven to be the most promising method in measuring tourist movement patterns in an urban destination, a case study undertaken in Salzburg City will highlight the benefits and limitations of using the GPS as a tracking technique. Understanding all the possible tracking methods and their advantages and disadvantages will serve as a theoretical basis for the future monitoring of tourist spatial temporal behavior in urban destinations and allow researchers to select the appropriate approach for their project.
Past, present and future of tourist tracking

The purpose of this paper is to find out tourism movement patterns via the tracking of tourists with the help of positioning systems like GPS in the rural area of the Lake Constance destination in Germany. In doing so past, present and future of tourist tracking is illustrated.  The tracking is realized via common smartphones extended by an app, with dedicated sensors like position loggers and a survey. The three different approaches are applied in order to compare and cross check results (triangulation of data and methods) Findings Movement patterns turned out to be diverse and individualistic within the rural destination of Lake Constance and following an ants trail in sub destinations like the city of Constance. Repeat visitors and first time visitors alike always visit the bigger cities and main day trip destinations of the Lake. A possible prediction tool enables new avenues of governing tourism movement patterns.  The tracking tech.
Commercial Dairy Cow Milk microRNAs Resist Digestion under Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions.
Venue: The Journal of nutrition

MicroRNAs are small, gene regulatory noncoding RNA species present in large amounts in milk, where they seem to be protected against degradative conditions, presumably because of their association with exosomes.  We monitored the relative stability of commercial dairy cow milk microRNAs during digestion and examined their associations with extracellular vesicles (EVs) METHODS We used a computer controlled, in vitro, gastrointestinal model TNO intestinal model 1 (TIM 1) and analyzed, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the concentration of 2 microRNAs within gastrointestinal tract compartments at different points in time. EVs within TIM 1 digested and nondigested samples were studied by immunoblotting, dynamic light scattering, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and density measurements.  A large quantity of dairy milk Bos taurus microRNA 223 (bta miR 223) and bta miR 125b ~109 1010 copies/300 mL milk) withstood digestion under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the stomach causing the most important decrease in microRNA amounts. A large quantity of these 2 microRNAs ~108 109 copies/300 mL milk) was detected in the upper small intestine compartments, which supports their potential bioaccessibility. A protocol optimized for the enrichment of dairy milk exosomes yielded a 100,000 x g pellet fraction that was positive for the exosomal markers tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) apoptosis linked gene 2 interacting protein X (ALIX) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and containing bta miR 223 and bta miR 125b. This approach, based on successive ultracentrifugation steps, also revealed the existence of ALIX HSP70 /low, and TSG101 /low EVs larger than exosomes and 2 6 times more enriched in bta miR 223 and bta miR 125b (P 0.05) CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that commercial dairy cow milk contains numerous microRNAs that can resist digestion and are associated mostly with ALIX HSP70 /low, and TSG101 /low EVs. Our results support the existence of interspecies transfer of microRNAs mediated by milk consumption and challenge our current view of exosomes as the sole carriers of milk derived microRNAs.
Nicotinamide Riboside Is a Major NAD+ Precursor Vitamin in Cow Milk.
Venue: The Journal of nutrition

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a recently discovered NAD( precursor vitamin with a unique biosynthetic pathway. Although the presence of NR in cow milk has been known for more than a decade, the concentration of NR with respect to the other NAD( precursors was unknown.  We aimed to determine NAD( precursor vitamin concentration in raw samples of milk from individual cows and from commercially available cow milk.  LC tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution technologies were used to quantify NAD( precursor vitamin concentration and to measure NR stability in raw and commercial milk. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to test for NR binding to substances in milk.  Cow milk typically contained ~12 mmol NAD( precursor vitamins/L, of which 60% was present as nicotinamide and 40% was present as NR. Nicotinic acid and other NAD( metabolites were below the limits of detection. Milk from samples testing positive for Staphylococcus aureus contained lower concentrations of NR (Spearman r 0.58, P 0.014) and NR was degraded by S. aureus Conventional milk contained more NR than milk sold as organic. Nonetheless, NR was stable in organic milk and exhibited an NMR spectrum consistent with association with a protein fraction in skim milk.  NR is a major NAD( precursor vitamin in cow milk. Control of S. aureus may be important to preserve the NAD( precursor vitamin concentration of milk.
Human vascular endothelial cells transport foreign exosomes from cow's milk by endocytosis.
Venue: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Encapsulation of microRNAs in exosomes confers protection against degradation and a vehicle for shuttling of microRNAs between cells and tissues, and cellular uptake by endocytosis. Exosomes can be found in foods including milk. Humans absorb cow's milk exosomes and deliver the microRNA cargo to peripheral tissues, consistent with gene regulation by dietary nucleic acids across species boundaries. Here, we tested the hypothesis that human vascular endothelial cells transport milk exosomes by endocytosis, constituting a step crucial for the delivery of dietary exosomes and their cargo to peripheral tissues. We tested this hypothesis by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and fluorophore labeled exosomes isolated from cow's milk. Exosome uptake followed Michaelis Menten kinetics (Vmax 0.057 0.004 ng exosome protein x 40,000 cells/h; Km 17.97 3.84 mg exosomal protein/200 ml media) and decreased by 80% when the incubation temperature was lowered from 37degC to 4degC. When exosome surface proteins were removed by treatment with proteinase K, or transport was measured in the presence of the carbohydrate competitor d galactose or measured in the presence of excess unlabeled exosomes, transport rates decreased by 45% to 80% compared with controls. Treatment with an inhibitor of endocytosis, cytochalasin D, caused a 50% decrease in transport. When fluorophore labeled exosomes were administered retro orbitally, exosomes accumulated in liver, spleen, and lungs in mice. We conclude that human vascular endothelial cells transport bovine exosomes by endocytosis and propose that this is an important step in the delivery of dietary exosomes and their cargo to peripheral tissues.
Prospective, comparative effectiveness trial of cow's milk elimination and swallowed fluticasone for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis.
Venue: Diseases of the esophagus official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune mediated disease in which food antigens play a key role. Current therapeutic options are limited to long term steroid medication and dietary elimination of multiple foods, each of which is challenging. Our objective was to compare single food elimination of cow's milk to swallowed fluticasone in pediatric EoE patients. This is a prospective, comparative effectiveness trial of newly diagnosed EoE patients (ages 2 18 years) treated with swallowed fluticasone (n 24) or elimination of cow's milk (n 20) The dual outcome measures of repeat esophageal biopsy (6 8 weeks) and change in Pediatric Quality of Life Inventor (PedsQL) EoE Module and Symptoms Scales were used to assess response to treatment. After 6 8 weeks of treatment, peak esophageal eosinophil counts decreased to below the threshold of 15 eosinophils/high power field in 64% of patients treated with cow's milk elimination and 80% of patients treated with swallowed fluticasone (P 0.4) Mean PedsQL EoE Module total scores (69 vs. 82; P 0.005) and Total Symptoms scores (58 vs. 75; P 0.001) showed significant improvement with cow's milk elimination. Among children treated with swallowed fluticasone, mean PedsQL EoE Module total scores (64 vs. 75; P 0.05) and Total Symptoms scores (58 vs. 69; P 0.01) were also significantly improved after 6 8 weeks of therapy. Removal of cow's milk from the diet is an effective single food elimination treatment for pediatric patients with EoE as assessed by statistically significant histologic and symptomatic improvement. Cow's milk elimination may be more desirable for EoE patients who do not want to take chronic, long term steroid medications.
Laryngospasm, central and obstructive apnea during seizures: Defining pathophysiology for sudden death in a rat model
Venue: Epilepsy Research

Seizure spread into the autonomic nervous system can result in life threatening cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction. Here we report on a less studied consequence of such autonomic derangements the possibility of laryngospasm and upper airway occlusion. We used parenteral kainic acid to induce recurring seizures in urethane anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats. EEG recordings and combinations of cardiopulmonary monitoring, including video laryngoscopy, were performed during multi unit recordings of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) activity or head out plethysmography with or without endotracheal intubation. Controlled occlusions of a tracheal tube were used to study the kinetics of cardiac and respiratory changes after sudden obstruction. Seizure activity caused significant firing increases in the RLN that were associated with abnormal, high frequency movements of the vocal folds. Partial airway obstruction from laryngospasm was evident in plethysmograms and was prevented by intubation. Complete glottic closure (confirmed by laryngoscopy) occurred in a subset of non intubated animals in association with the largest increases in RLN activity, and cessation of airflow was followed in all obstructed animals within tens of seconds by ST segment elevation, bradycardia, and death. Periods of central apnea occurred in both intubated and non intubated rats during seizures for periods up to 33s and were associated with modestly increased RLN activity, minimal cardiac derangements, and an open airway on laryngoscopy. In controlled complete airway occlusions, respiratory effort to inspire progressively increased, then ceased, usually in less than 1min. Respiratory arrest was associated with left ventricular dilatation and eventual asystole, an elevation of systemic blood pressure, and complete glottic closure. Severe laryngospasm contributed to the seizure and hypoxemia induced conditions that resulted in sudden death in our rat model, and we suggest that this mechanism could contribute to sudden death in epilepsy.
Context aware Natural Language Generation with Recurrent Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv

This paper studied generating natural languages at particular contexts or situations. We proposed two novel approaches which encode the contexts into a continuous semantic representation and then decode the semantic representation into text sequences with recurrent neural networks. During decoding, the context information are attended through a gating mechanism, addressing the problem of long range dependency caused by lengthy sequences. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches on user review data, in which rich contexts are available and two informative contexts, sentiments and products, are selected for evaluation. Experiments show that the fake reviews generated by our approaches are very natural. Results of fake review detection with human judges show that more than 50\ of the fake reviews are misclassified as the real reviews, and more than 90\ are misclassified by existing state of the art fake review detection algorithm.
Bi directional recurrent neural network with ranking loss for spoken language understanding
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

This paper presents our latest investigation of recurrent neural networks for the slot filling task of spoken language understanding. We implement a bi directional Elman type recurrent neural network which takes the information not only from the past but also from the future context to predict the semantic label of the target word. Furthermore, we propose to use ranking loss function to train the model. This improves the performance over the cross entropy loss function. On the ATIS benchmark data set, we achieve a new state of the art result of 95.56% F1 score without using any additional knowledge or data sources.
Joint Online Spoken Language Understanding and Language Modeling With Recurrent Neural Networks
Venue: SIGDIAL Conference

Speaker intent detection and semantic slot filling are two critical tasks in spoken language understanding (SLU) for dialogue systems. In this paper, we describe a recurrent neural network (RNN) model that jointly performs intent detection, slot filling, and language modeling. The neural network model keeps updating the intent estimation as word in the transcribed utterance arrives and uses it as contextual features in the joint model. Evaluation of the language model and online SLU model is made on the ATIS benchmarking data set. On language modeling task, our joint model achieves 11.8% relative reduction on perplexity comparing to the independent training language model. On SLU tasks, our joint model outperforms the independent task training model by 22.3% on intent detection error rate, with slight degradation on slot filling F1 score. The joint model also shows advantageous performance in the realistic ASR settings with noisy speech input.
Comparison of the Impacts of Momentum Control Variables on High Resolution Variational Data Assimilation and Precipitation Forecasting

AbstractThe momentum variables of streamfunction and velocity potential are used as control variables in a number of operational variational data assimilation systems. However, in this study it is shown that, for limited area high resolution data assimilation, the momentum control variables ps and kh (pskh) pose potential difficulties in background error modeling and, hence, may result in degraded analysis and forecast when compared with the direct use of x and y components of wind (UV) In this study, the characteristics of the modeled background error statistics, derived from an ensemble generated from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model real time forecasts of two summer months, are first compared between the two control variable options. Assimilation and forecast experiments are then conducted with both options for seven convective events in a domain that encompasses the Rocky Mountain Front Range using the three dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar) system of the WRF Model. The impact.
Structural approaches to modeling the impact of climate change and adaptation technologies on crop yields and food security

Achieving and maintaining global food security is challenged by changes in population, income, and climate, among other drivers. Assessing these threats and weighing possible solutions requires a robust multidisciplinary approach. One such approach integrates biophysical modeling with economic modeling to explore the combined effects of climate stresses and future socioeconomic trends, thus providing a more accurate picture of how agriculture and the food system may be affected in the coming decades. We review and analyze the literature on this structural approach and present a case study that follows this methodology, explicitly modeling drought and heat tolerant crop varieties. We show that yield gains from adoption of these varieties differ by technology and region, but are generally comparable in scale to (and thus able to offset) adverse effects of climate change. However, yield increases over the projection period are dominated by the effects of growth in population, income, and general productivity, highlighting the importance of joint assessment of biophysical and socioeconomic drivers to better understand climate impacts and responses.
Analisis Sentimen Pada Twitter Mahasiswa Menggunakan Metode Backpropagation

In a learning environment, emotional factors influence student motivation. Students emotion have an important role in students' capability to learn. The tendency of the students emotion are not easily recognizable in a short time. Twitter is a popular micro blogging system especially for students. Students post tweet about activities, experiences, their feelings anywhere, anytime and in real time. Sentiment analysis on twitter produce content sentiment that represents the feelings and emotions of students. Sentiment analysis system was built using backpropagation method at the stage of classification. In this research backpropagation network and the classification results were tested using WEKA with multilayer perceptron classifier. The results of sentiment analysis with 30 student respondents are 33.33% tendency of positive emotions, neutral emotions tendency 53.33% and 13:33% negative motional tendencies. The results are used as reference in providing the appropriate treatment of the students during the process of learning.