nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of a Soil Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System

Borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) in soils combined with solar thermal energy harvesting is a renewable energy system for the heating of buildings. The first community scale BTES system in North America was installed in 2007 at the Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) in Okotoks, AB, Canada, and has since supplied >90% of the thermal energy for heating 52 homes. A challenge facing BTES system technology is the relatively low efficiency of heat extraction. To better understand the fluid flow and heat transport processes in soils and to improve BTES efficiency of heat extraction for future applications, a three dimensional transient coupled fluid flow and heat transfer model was established using TOUGH2. Measured time dependent injection temperatures and fluid circulation rates at DLSC were used as model inputs. The simulations were calibrated using measured soil temperature time series. The simulated and measured temperatures agreed well with a subsurface having an intrinsic permeability of 1.5 x 10 14 m2, thermal conductivity of 2.0 W m 1 degC 1, and a volumetric heat capacity of 2.3 MJ m 3 degC 1. The calibrated model served as the basis for a sensitivity analysis of soil thermal and hydrological parameters on BTES system heat extraction efficiency. Sensitivity analysis results suggest that: (i) BTES heat extraction efficiency increases with decreasing soil thermal conductivity; (ii) BTES efficiency decreases with background groundwater flow; (iii) BTES heat extraction efficiency decreases with convective heat losses associated with high soil permeability values; and (iv) unsaturated soils show higher overall heat extraction efficiency due to convection onset at higher intrinsic permeability values.
Operational Response of a Soil Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System

AbstractThis study focuses on an evaluation of the subsurface ground temperature distribution during operation of a soil borehole thermal energy storage (SBTES) system. The system consists of an array of five 9 m deep geothermal heat exchangers, configured as a central heat exchanger surrounded by four other heat exchangers at a radial spacing of 2.5 m. In addition to monitoring the temperature of the fluid entering and exiting each heat exchanger, 5 thermistor strings were embedded in boreholes inside and outside of the array to monitor changes in ground temperature with depth. After 75 days of heat injection at a constant rate of 20 W/m, corresponding to 11.5 GJ of thermal energy, the average ground temperature in the array increased by 7degC. However, depending on the storage volume definition, only 2.43 4.86 GJ of thermal energy was stored attributable to heat losses. After a 4 month rest period the heat storage was observed to decrease by 60% owing to further heat losses. The trends in subsurface temp.
An all optical spatial light modulator for reconfigurable silicon photonic circuits

reconfigurable silicon photonic circuits ROMAN BRUCK, KEVIN VYNCK, PHILIPPE LALANNE, BEN MILLS, DAVID J. THOMSON, GORAN Z. MASHANOVICH, GRAHAM T. REED, AND OTTO L. MUSKENS 1 Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK 2 LP2N, UMR 5298, CNRS IOGS Univ. Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France 3 Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK *Corresponding author:
Multi agent Systems for Personalized QoE Management
Venue: 2016 28th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 28)

User satisfaction is becoming a key factor to secure the success of any online service. Quality of Experience is a subjective measure of the service quality as perceived by the user. QoE has been introduced to bridge the gap between the purely technical characteristics of QoS and user satisfaction. Recent research on QoE has shown that QoE is highly personal and influenced by multiple interrelated factors including the user expectations, preferences and cultural background. However, most existing QoE management solutions overlook the personal aspect of QoE and ignore inter user differences despite the promise of adopting a user centric approach. In this paper, we propose multi agent technology as means to achieve personalized QoE management. In particular, we propose a multi agent architecture called EMan where each end user is embodied by an autonomous agent that represents her personal preferences and expectations and seeks to maximize her QoE. To evaluate our approach, we use Repast, a multi agent simulation platform. The preliminary results proves that such a decentralized multi agent QoE management outperforms an equivalent centralized approach both in terms of end user satisfaction and service acceptability.
COMPACT SERRATED NOTCH BAND MIMO ANTENNA FOR UWB APPLICATIONS

A compact UWB antenna is been designed to notch Wi Max (3.3GHz 3.7GHz) and W LAN (5.15GHz 5.85GHZ) operating bands. The antenna comprises of two square slottedmonopoles with serrated edges on the patch surface and Tshaped stub as defected ground structure. Coplanar waveguide feeding is used in the antenna structure at two ports with the impedance of 50 ohms. Both simulation and measurement aredone to study the antenna parameters like return loss, radiation characteristics, impedance matching and isolation between the two ports. To enhance isolation a slot is cut on the T shaped ground surface. Two inverted L strips are added on either sides of the groundplane and a slot cut on the ground plane finally form T shape defected ground structure. The proposed antenna notches two application bands in the UWB range with low mutual coupling which makes the antenna a suitable model for desired applications.
Developing a conceptual framework for participatory design of psychosocial and physical learning environments

The present study shows how the mixed methods approach can be used in capturing and organising learning environment (LE) characteristics for the participatory design of psychosocial and physical LEs involving learners. Theoretical constructs were tested and further elaborated on in the analysis of two similar educational design research studies: one conducted with 7 to 14 year old learners in Finland (n 80) and the other in Spain (n 76) Cross analysis of the numeric, visuospatial and verbal data collected, combined with theoretical and practical considerations, was used to develop a conceptual framework for LE co design, which draws attention to the importance of balancing communality with individuality, comfort with health, and novelty with conventionality. In line with other studies, in this conceptualisation, flexibility and functionality are seen as central enablers for quality twenty first century LEs. The knowledge exchange between two countries and the constructs developed in this cross cultural analysis contribute to the creation of shared content related design principles for future learning environments.
The Impact of Project Based Language Learning on Iranian EFL Learners Comparison/Contrast Paragraph Writing Skills

One of the main problems that EFL learners come across is how to improve their paragraph writing skills. Project based learning (PBL) is simply defined as an instructional approach that contextualizes learning by presenting learners with problems to solve or products to develop (Moss and Van Duzer, 1998) emphasizing learning through student centered, interdisciplinary, and integrated activities in real world situations (Solomon, 2003) The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible impact of PBL on comparison and contrast paragraph writing skills of Iranian EFL Learners. The participants in the current study were 36Iranian male EFL learners who were chosen from 60 students at language institutes. The participants were at the intermediate level in compliance with Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and selected according to a simple random sampling: the Experimental group (EG) and Comparison group (CG) with 18students in each group. A comparison and contrast paragraph writing pre test was also administered to measure their writing skills. Then, after 10 weeks of PBL and instruction, a comparison and contrast paragraph writing post test was administered. The scores were then analyzed using a comparison scoring module and a contrast scoring module developed by Soleimani et al. (2008).The results were submitted to t test revealing that the students who were educated by PBL outperformed the students who were educated by the instruction based on student textbooks. The findings lend credence to the positive effects of PBL in enhancing students writing performance.
A 4000 species dataset provides new insight into the evolution of ferns.
Venue: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution

Ferns are the second most diverse lineage of vascular plants on Earth, yet the best sampled time calibrated phylogeny of the group to date includes fewer than 5% of global diversity and was published seven years ago. We present a time calibrated phylogeny that includes nearly half of extant fern diversity. Our results are evaluated in the context of previous studies and the fossil record, and we develop new hypotheses about the radiation of leptosporangiate ferns. We used sequence data from six chloroplast regions for nearly 4000 species of ferns to generate the most comprehensive phylogeny of the group ever published. We calibrate the phylogeny with twenty six fossils and use an array of phylogenetic methods to resolve phylogenetic relationships, estimate divergence times, and infer speciation, extinction, and net diversification rates. We infer a mid late Silurian origin for ferns (including horsetails) and an early Carboniferous origin for leptosporangiate ferns. Most derived fern families appeared in the Cretaceous and persisted for millions of years before rapidly diversifying in the Cenozoic. We find no evidence of differential rates of diversification among terrestrial and epiphytic species. Our findings challenge previous hypotheses on the evolutionary history of ferns and present a new paradigm for their Cenozoic radiation. We estimate earlier divergences for most fern lineages than were reported in previous studies and provide evidence of extended persistence of major fern lineages prior to rapid diversification in the last fifty million years.
Maternal glucose intolerance reduces offspring nephron endowment and increases glomerular volume in adult offspring
Venue: Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

Animal studies report a nephron deficit in offspring exposed to maternal diabetes, yet are limited to models of severe hyperglycaemia which do not reflect the typical clinical condition and which are associated with foetal growth restriction that may confound nephron endowment. We aimed to assess renal morphology and function in offspring of leptin receptor deficient mice (Leprdb/ and hypothesized that exposure to impaired maternal glucose tolerance (IGT) would be detrimental to the developing kidney.
Synthesis of superheavy elements at the Dubna gas filled recoil separator

A survey of experiments at the Dubna gas filled recoil separator (Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna) aimed at the detection and study of the "island of stability" of superheavy nuclei produced in complete fusion reactions of 48Sa ions and 238U 249Cf target nuclei is given. The problems of synthesis of superheavy nuclei, methods for their identification, and investigation of their decay properties, including the results of recent experiments at other separators (SHIP, BGS, TASCA) and chemical setups, are discussed. The studied properties of the new nuclei, the isotopes of elements 112 118, as well as the properties of their decay products, indicate substantial growth of stability of the heaviest nuclei with increasing number of neutrons in the nucleus as the magic number of neutrons N 184 is approached.
Health Related Quality of Life in patients with Parkinson's disease A systematic review based on the ICF model
Venue: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews

We analyzed features associated with a reduction in Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) As a new approach, features were embedded in the WHO framework for measuring health and disability, the ICF model. From 609 articles screened, 114 articles were included. Features aligned with the ICF's body functions and structures domain (BFS) were investigated more often than personal features, activities of daily living, environmental factors, and participation in societal roles (95, 42, 35, 29 and 14 times, respectively) The strongest associations were found for the relationships between HRQoL and "psychosocial functioning" from the participation domain and HRQoL, and "mobility limitations" from the activities domain. For the BFS, non motor symptoms were more closely associated with reduced HRQoL than motor symptoms. In conclusion, this systematic review (i) provides entirely new insights in the association of HRQoL with PD features, (ii) shows an imbalance between most extensively investigated and most relevant features for HRQoL, and (iii) demonstrates the usefulness of the ICF model for such an approach.
Sun safety in construction: a U.K. intervention study.
Venue: Occupational medicine

Interventions to promote sun safety in the U.K. construction sector are warranted given the high incidence of skin cancer attributable to sun exposure relative to other occupational groups.  To evaluate change in sun safety knowledge and practices among construction workers in response to an educational intervention.  A baseline questionnaire was administered, followed by a bespoke sector specific DVD based intervention. At 12 month follow up, participants completed a further questionnaire.  Analyses were conducted on a sample of 120 workers (intervention group, n 70; comparison group, n 50) At follow up, the proportion of intervention group participants that reported correct sun safety knowledge was not significantly greater than at baseline. However, the intervention group demonstrated significant positive change on 9 out of 10 behavioural measures, the greatest change being use of a shade/cover when working in the sun followed by regularly checking skin for moles or unusual changes.  Exposure to this intervention was linked to some specific positive changes in construction workers' self reported sun safety practices. These findings highlight the potential for educational interventions to contribute to tackling skin cancer in the UK construction sector. The findings support the development of bespoke educational interventions for other high risk outdoor worker groups.
Sun safety knowledge and practice in UK postal delivery workers
Venue: Occupational medicine

Postal delivery workers spend a large proportion of their work time outdoors, placing them at increased risk of skin cancer. To date, no studies have examined occupational sun safety knowledge and practice within this group in the UK.  To describe the occupational sun safety knowledge and practice of UK postal delivery workers and to investigate the association of demographic, personal and occupational factors with knowledge and practice in order to identify potential strategies for improving sun safety in this occupational group.  Postal delivery workers completed a questionnaire that collected data on occupational sun safety knowledge and practice in addition to demographic, personal and workplace characteristics. One way analysis of variances were applied to assess differences in knowledge and practice by these characteristics.  A total of 1153 postal delivery workers completed the questionnaire, a 60% response rate. Thirty three per cent reported receiving sun safety training within the previous 12 months. The majority of respondents reported correct knowledge on three of the six domains and good practice on four of the six behavioural domains. However, only one fifth of respondents reported wearing sunglasses and ensuring a plentiful intake of water. Knowledge and practice differed significantly according to demographic, personal and workplace characteristics.  There is a need to raise the profile of occupational skin cancer in this occupational group and to increase the priority given to occupational sun safety policies alongside targeted and tailored interventions, the effect of which can be evaluated.
A New Model for Solving Time Cost Quality Trade Off Problems in Construction
Venue: PloS one

A poor quality affects project makespan and its total costs negatively, but it can be recovered by repair works during construction. We construct a new non linear programming model based on the classic multi mode resource constrained project scheduling problem considering repair works. In order to obtain satisfactory quality without a high increase of project cost, the objective is to minimize total quality cost which consists of the prevention cost and failure cost according to Quality Cost Analysis. A binary dependent normal distribution function is adopted to describe the activity quality; Cumulative quality is defined to determine whether to initiate repair works, according to the different relationships among activity qualities, namely, the coordinative and precedence relationship. Furthermore, a shuffled frog leaping algorithm is developed to solve this discrete trade off problem based on an adaptive serial schedule generation scheme and adjusted activity list. In the program of the algorithm, the frog leaping progress combines the crossover operator of genetic algorithm and a permutation based local search. Finally, an example of a construction project for a framed railway overpass is provided to examine the algorithm performance, and it assist in decision making to search for the appropriate makespan and quality threshold with minimal cost.
Looking Up, Down, and Sideways: Reconceiving Cumulative Effects Assessment as a Mindset

Despite all the effort that has gone into defining, researching and establishing best practices for cumulative effects assessment (CEA) understanding remains weak and practice wanting. At one extreme of implementation, CEA can be described as merely an irritant to the completion of a project specific environmental assessment (EA) At the other extreme, the conceptual view is that all effects in EA should be deemed cumulative unless demonstrated otherwise. Our purpose here is to consider how we might reconceive CEA as a mindset that is at the heart of absolutely every assessment of valued ecosystem component (VEC) to ensure that we understand the relative contributions of various stressors and can decide when cumulative effects may foreclose future activities due to impacts on VECs. Conceptually, we ground the CEA mindset in the context of three lenses that must all be functioning and working together for the mindset to be operative: a technical lens; a law and policy lens; and a participatory lens. Our arguments are based on a review of the CEA, strategic effects assessment (SEA) and regional effects assessment literatures, an examination and consideration of Canadian EA and SEA case practice, and our combined professional experiences. Through using the Bay of Fundy in Canada as a case example, we establish the concept of the CEA mindset and an approach for moving forward with implementation.
Are financial incentives cost effective to support smoking cessation during pregnancy?
Venue: Addiction

To investigate the cost effectiveness of up to PS400 worth of financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy as an adjunct to routine health care.  Cost effectiveness analysis based on a Phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a cost utility analysis using a life time Markov model.  The RCT was undertaken in Glasgow, Scotland. The economic analysis was undertaken from the UK National Health Service (NHS) perspective.  A total of 612 pregnant women randomized to receive usual cessation support plus or minus financial incentives of up to PS400 vouchers (US $609) contingent upon smoking cessation.  Comparison of usual support and incentive interventions in terms of cotinine validated quitters, quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and direct costs to the NHS.  The incremental cost per quitter at 34 38 weeks pregnant was PS1127 $1716).This is similar to the standard look up value derived from Stapleton West's published ICER tables, PS1390 per quitter, by looking up the Cessation in Pregnancy Incentives Trial (CIPT) incremental cost (PS157) and incremental 6 month quit outcome (0.14) The life time model resulted in an incremental cost of PS17 [95% confidence interval (CI) PS93, PS107] and a gain of 0.04 QALYs (95% CI 0.058, 0.145) giving an ICER of PS482/QALY $734/QALY) Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicates uncertainty in these results, particularly regarding relapse after birth. The expected value of perfect information was PS30 million (at a willingness to pay of PS30 000/QALY) so given current uncertainty, additional research is potentially worthwhile.  Financial incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy are highly cost effective, with an incremental cost per quality adjusted life years of PS482, which is well below recommended decision thresholds.
Type unsoundness in practice: an empirical study of Dart

The type system in the Dart programming language is deliberately designed to be unsound: for a number of reasons, it may happen that a program encounters type errors at runtime although the static type checker reports no warnings. According to the language designers, this ensures a pragmatic balance between the ability to catch bugs statically and allowing a flexible programming style without burdening the programmer with a lot of spurious type warnings. In this work, we attempt to experimentally validate these design choices. Through an empirical evaluation based on open source programs written in Dart totaling 2.4 M LOC, we explore how alternative, more sound choices affect the type warnings being produced. Our results show that some, but not all, sources of unsoundness can be justified. In particular, we find that unsoundness caused by bivariant function subtyping and method overriding does not seem to help programmers. Such information may be useful when designing future versions of the language or entirely new languages.
On Orbit Geometric Calibration Approach for High Resolution Geostationary Optical Satellite GaoFen 4

The GaoFen 4 (GF 4) remote sensing satellite is China's first civilian high resolution geostationary optical satellite, which has been launched at the end of December 2015. To guarantee the geometric quality of imagery, this paper presents an on orbit geometric calibration method for the area array camera of GF 4. Firstly, we introduce the imaging features of area array camera of GF 4 and construct a rigorous imaging model based on the analysis of the major error sources from three aspects: attitude measurement error, orbit measurement error and camera distortion. Secondly, we construct an on orbit geometric calibration model by selecting and optimizing parameters of the rigorous geometric imaging model. On this basis, the calibration parameters are divided into two groups: external and internal calibration parameters. The external parameters are installation angles between the area array camera and the star tracker, and we propose a two dimensional direction angle model as internal parameters to describe the distortion of the areaarray camera. Thirdly, we propose a stepwise parameters estimation method that external parameters are estimated firstly, then internal parameters are estimated based on the generalized camera frame determined by external parameters. Experiments based on the real data of GF 4 shows that after on orbit geometric calibration, the geometric accuracy of the images without ground control points is significantly improved.