nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate assessment of natural frequencies for uniform and non uniform Euler Bernoulli beams and frames by adaptive generalized finite element method

The purpose of this paper is devoted to present an accurate assessment for determine natural frequencies for uniform and non uniform Euler Bernoulli beams and frames by an adaptive generalized finite element method (GFEM) The present paper concentrates on developing the C1 element of the adaptive GFEM for vibration analysis of Euler Bernoulli beams and frames.  The variational problem of free vibration is formulated and the main aspects of the adaptive GFEM are presented and discussed. The efficiency and convergence of the proposed method in vibration analysis of uniform and non uniform Euler Bernoulli beams are checked. The application of this technique in a frame is also presented.  The present paper concentrates on developing the C1 element of the adaptive GFEM for vibration analysis of Euler Bernoulli beams and frames. The GFEM, which was conceived on the basis of the partition of unity method, allows the inclusion of enrichment functions that contain
Design guidelines for opportunistic routing in underwater networks
Venue: IEEE Communications Magazine

The unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel impose many challenges that limit the utilization of underwater sensor networks. In this context, opportunistic routing, which has been extensively investigated in terrestrial wireless ad hoc network scenarios, has greater potential for mitigating drawbacks from underwater acoustic communication and improving network performance. In this work, we discuss the two main building blocks for the design of opportunistic routing protocols for underwater sensor networks: candidate set selection and candidate coordination procedures. We propose classifying candidate set selection procedures into sender side, receiver side, and hybrid approaches, and candidate coordination procedures into timer based and control packet based approaches. Based on this classification, we discuss particular characteristics of each approach and how they relate to underwater acoustic communication. Furthermore, we argue that those characteristics should be considered during the design of opportunistic routing protocols for different scenarios in underwater sensor networks.
A Novel Centrality Metric for Topology Control in Underwater Sensor Networks
Venue: MSWiM

In underwater sensor networks, the design of energy efficient and reliable data collection protocols is a daunting challenge. In this context, topology control and opportunistic routing are promising techniques for improving reliability and conserve energy. However, due to the challenges of the underwater acoustic channel, the vast knowledge acquired and the solution proposed so far in the context of terrestrial wireless ad hoc sensor networks cannot be applied directly to underwater acoustic sensor networks. In this work, we shed light on network topology modeling from a routing viewpoint. We model the probabilistic multipath routing behavior driven by opportunistic routing protocols in underwater sensor networks. Afterward, we propose the PCen centrality metric to measure the importance of underwater sensor nodes to the data delivery task through opportunistic routing protocols. PCen is aimed to identify critical nodes that can be used to guide topology control solutions. Our simulation results consider different network densities and reveal the presence of a few number of nodes with high PCen centrality value that will have a high rate of carried traffic, being critical for the network performance.
Mass segregation in star clusters is not energy equipartition

Mass segregation in star clusters is often thought to indicate the onset of energy equipartition, where the most massive stars impart kinetic energy to the lower mass stars and brown dwarfs/free floating planets. The predicted net result of this is that the centrally concentrated massive stars should have significantly lower velocities than fast moving low mass objects on the periphery of the cluster. We search for energy equipartition in initially spatially and kinematically substructured N body simulations of star clusters with N 1500 stars, evolved for 100 Myr. In clusters that show significant mass segregation we find no differences in the proper motions or radial velocities as a function of mass. The kinetic energies of all stars decrease as the clusters relax, but the kinetic energies of the most massive stars do not decrease faster than those of lower mass stars. These results suggest that dynamical mass segregation which is observed in many star clusters is not a signature of energy equipartition from two body relaxation.
Comparing galaxy morphology and star formation properties in X ray bright and faint groups and clusters

Galaxy morphologies and star formation rates depend on environment. Galaxies in under dense regions are generally star forming and disky whereas galaxies in overdense regions tend to be early type and not actively forming stars. The mechanism(s) responsible for star formation quenching and morphological transformation remain unclear, although many processes have been proposed. We study the dependence of star formation and morphology on X ray luminosity for galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) groups and clusters. While controlling for stellar and halo mass dependencies, we find that galaxies in X ray strong groups and clusters have preferentially low star forming and disk fractions with the differences being strongest at low stellar masses. The trends that we observe do not change when considering only galaxies found within or outside of the X ray radius of the host group. When considering central and satellite galaxies separately we find that this dependence on X ray luminosity is only present for satellites, and we show that our results are consistent with "galaxy stangulation" as a mechanism for quenching these satellites. We investigate the dynamics of the groups and clusters in the sample, and find that the velocity distributions of galaxies beyond the virial radius in low X ray luminosity halos tend to be less Gaussian in nature than the rest of the data set. This may be indicative of low X ray luminosity groups and clusters having enhanced populations of star forming and disk galaxies as a result of recent accretion.
Evidence for a change in the dominant satellite galaxy quenching mechanism at z 1.

We present an analysis of galaxies in groups and clusters at 0.8 10(10.3) M circle dot, we find f(convert) similar to 0.4 in the groups and similar to 0.6 in the clusters, similar to comparable measurements at z 0. This means the time between first accretion into a more massive halo and final star formation quenching is t(p) similar to 2 Gyr. This is substantially longer than the estimated time required for a galaxy's star formation rate to become zero once it starts to decline, suggesting there is a long delay time during which little differential evolution occurs. In contrast with local observations we find evidence that this delay time scale may depend on stellarmass, with t(p) approaching t(Hubble) for M star similar to 10(9.5) M circle dot. The result suggests that the delay time must not only be much shorter than it is today, but may also depend on stellar mass in a way that is not consistent with a simple evolution in proportion to the dynamical time. Instead, we find the data are well matched by a model in which the decline in star formation is due to 'overconsumption' the exhaustion of a gas reservoir through star formation and expulsion via modest outflows in the absence of cosmological accretion. Dynamical gas removal processes, which are likely dominant in quenching newly accreted satellites today, may play only a secondary role at z 1.
Autonomous reorganization of the oscillatory phase in the PdI2 catalyzed phenylacetylene carbonylation reaction
Venue: Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis

The PdI2 catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of phenylacetylene has been shown to produce pH oscillations over the temperature range 0 40 degC under semi batch conditions. The decrease in reaction temperature resulted in an increase in the period and amplitude of the pH oscillations. In addition, reducing the reaction temperature enabled the observation of different phases in the oscillatory pH behavior confirming the ability of the reaction system to autonomously produce multiple clusters of oscillatory phases. Sets of pH oscillations were recorded at 0 and 10 degC. At temperatures of 0 20 degC, oscillations commenced as pH was falling during the initial stages of the reaction while, at 30 and 40 degC, the oscillations commenced once the pH started to increase after the initial drop. Oscillations in turbidity were observed at 20 and 30 degC. Experiments were conducted in an HEL Simular reaction calorimeter enabling precise temperature control. Operating at 0 degC reduced the reaction rate prolonging the duration of pH oscillations. The oscillatory pH behavior was recorded for 11 days without additional substrate at which point the run was terminated although the oscillations would likely have continued.
Isotopic enrichment of forming planetary systems from supernova pollution

Heating by short lived radioisotopes (SLRs) such as aluminum 26 and iron 60 fundamentally shaped the thermal history and interior structure of Solar System planetesimals during the early stages of planetary formation. The subsequent thermo mechanical evolution, such as internal differentiation or rapid volatile degassing, yields important implications for the final structure, composition and evolution of terrestrial planets. SLR driven heating in the Solar System is sensitive to the absolute abundance and homogeneity of SLRs within the protoplanetary disk present during the condensation of the first solids. In order to explain the diverse compositions found for extrasolar planets, it is important to understand the distribution of SLRs in active planet formation regions (star clusters) during their first few Myr of evolution. By constraining the range of possible effects, we show how the imprint of SLRs can be extrapolated to exoplanetary systems and derive statistical predictions for the distribution of aluminum 26 and iron 60 based on N body simulations of typical to large clusters (1000 10000 stars) with a range of initial conditions. We quantify the pollution of protoplanetary disks by supernova ejecta and show that the likelihood of enrichment levels similar to or higher than the Solar System can vary considerably, depending on the cluster morphology. Furthermore, many enriched systems show an excess in radiogenic heating compared to Solar System levels, which implies that the formation and evolution of planetesimals could vary significantly depending on the birth environment of their host stars.
Deconstructing Complex Multimorbidity in the Very Old: Findings from the Newcastle 85+ Study
Venue: BioMed research international

To examine the extent and complexity of the morbidity burden in 85 year olds; identify patterns within multimorbidity; and explore associations with medication and healthcare use. Participants. 710 men and women; mean (SD) age 85.5 (0.4) years.  Data on 20 chronic conditions (diseases and geriatric conditions) ascertained from general practice records and participant assessment. Cluster analysis within the multimorbid sample identified subgroups sharing morbidity profiles. Clusters were compared on medication and healthcare use.  92.7% (658/710) of participants had multimorbidity; median number of conditions: 4 (IQR 3 6) Cluster analysis (multimorbid sample) identified five subgroups sharing similar morbidity profiles; 60.0% (395/658) of participants belonged to one of two high morbidity clusters, with only 4.9% (32/658) in the healthiest cluster. Healthcare use was high, with polypharmacy =5 medications) in 69.8% (459/658) Between cluster differences were found in medication count (p 0.0001) hospital admissions (p 0.022) and general practitioner (p 0.034) and practice nurse consultations (p 0.011) Morbidity load was related to medication burden and use of some, but not all, healthcare services.  The majority of 85 year olds had extensive and complex morbidity. Elaborating participant clusters sharing similar morbidity profiles will help inform future healthcare provision and the identification of common underlying biological mechanisms.
The Cohesive Metastasis Phenotype in Human Prostate Cancer.
Venue: Biochimica et biophysica acta

A critical barrier for the successful prevention and treatment of recurrent prostate cancer is detection and eradication of metastatic and therapy resistant disease. Despite the fall in diagnoses and mortality, the reported incidence of metastatic disease has increased 72% since 2004. Prostate cancer arises in cohesive groups as intraepithelial neoplasia, migrates through muscle and leaves the gland via perineural invasion for hematogenous dissemination. Current technological advances have shown cohesive clusters of tumor (also known as microemboli) within the circulation. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) profiles are indicative of disseminated prostate cancer, and disseminated tumor cells (DTC) are found in cohesive clusters, a phenotypic characteristic of both radiation and drug resistant tumors. Recent reports in cell biology and informatics, coupled with mass spectrometry, indicate that the integrin adhesome network provides an explanation for the biophysical ability of cohesive clusters of tumor cells to invade thorough muscle and nerve microenvironments while maintaining adhesion dependent therapeutic resistance. Targeting cohesive clusters takes advantage of the known ability of extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion to promote tumor cell survival and represents an approach that has the potential to avoid the progression to drug and radiotherapy resistance. In the following review we will examine the evidence for development and dissemination of cohesive clusters in metastatic prostate cancer.
Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Spectral Graph Theory Techniques
Venue: 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

Wireless mobile ad hoc networks have multiple civilian and military applications. Because these networks are ad hoc and may not interact with fixed infrastructure, central nodes called cluster heads need to be assigned to manage a set of devices in the network. The cluster head needs to be assigned dynamically for two reasons. First, the cluster spends more time active, and the assignment of cluster head must be moved to ensure that its battery is not excessively drained. Secondly, because the topology of the network is a function of both the wireless channel between nodes and the mobility of the nodes, the cluster head must be located within the network based on the current topology. As the topology changes, the cluster head must be dynamically reassigned. Our proposed solution to this dynamic assignment problem utilizes spectral graph theory techniques to allow the topology of the network to determine the number of clusters and the assignment of the cluster head.
Safety and Health Support for Home Care Workers: The COMPASS Randomized Controlled Trial.
Venue: American journal of public health

To determine the effectiveness of the COMmunity of Practice And Safety Support (COMPASS) Total Worker Health intervention for home care workers.  We randomized 16 clusters of workers (n 149) to intervention or usual practice control conditions. The 12 month intervention was scripted and peer led, and involved education on safety, health, and well being; goal setting and self monitoring; and structured social support. We collected measures at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, which included workers' experienced community of practice (i.e. people engaged in a common activity who interact regularly for shared learning and improvement) Implementation occurred during 2013 and 2014 in Oregon.  In an intent to treat analysis, relative to control, the intervention produced significant and sustained improvements in workers' experienced community of practice. Additional significant improvements included the use of ergonomic tools or techniques for physical work, safety communication with consumer employers, hazard correction in homes, fruit and vegetable consumption, lost work days because of injury, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and grip strength. Consumer employers' reports of caregiver safety behaviors also significantly improved.  COMPASS was effective for improving home care workers' social resources and simultaneously impacted both safety and health factors.
A search for white dwarfs in the Galactic plane the field and the open cluster population

We investigated the prospects for systematic searches of white dwarfs at low Galactic latitudes, using the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) H$\alpha$ Photometric Survey of the Galactic plane and Bulge (VPHAS+ We targeted 17 white dwarf candidates along sightlines of known open clusters, aiming to identify potential cluster members. We confirmed all the 17 white dwarf candidates from blue/optical spectroscopy, and we suggest five of them to be likely cluster members. We estimated progenitor ages and masses for the candidate cluster members, and compared our findings to those for other cluster white dwarfs. A white dwarf in NGC 3532 is the most massive known cluster member (1.13 M$_{\odot} likely with an oxygen neon core, for which we estimate an $8.8_{ 4.3}+1.2} M$_{\odot} progenitor, close to the mass divide between white dwarf and neutron star progenitors. A cluster member in Ruprecht 131 is a magnetic white dwarf, whose progenitor mass exceeded 2 3 M$_{\odot} We stress that wider searches, and improved cluster distances and ages derived from data of the ESA Gaia mission, will advance the understanding of the mass loss processes for low to intermediate mass stars.
High Reynolds number Taylor Couette turbulence.

Taylor Couette flow, the flow between two coaxial co or counter rotating cylinders, is one of the paradigmatic systems in the physics of fluids. The (dimensionless) control parameters are the Reynolds numbers of the inner and outer cylinders, the ratio of the cylinder radii, and the aspect ratio. One key response of the system is the torque required to retain constant angular velocities, which can be connected to the angular velocity transport through the gap. Whereas the low Reynolds number regime was well explored in the 1980s and 1990s of the past century, in the fully turbulent regime major research activity developed only in the past decade. In this article, we review this recent progress in our understanding of fully developed Taylor Couette turbulence from the experimental, numerical, and theoretical points of view. We focus on the parameter dependence of the global torque and on the local flow organization, including velocity profiles and boundary layers. Next, we discuss transitions between diff.
Global food and fibre security threatened by current inefficiencies in fungal identification
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Fungal pathogens severely impact global food and fibre crop security. Fungal species that cause plant diseases have mostly been recognized based on their morphology. In general, morphological descriptions remain disconnected from crucially important knowledge such as mating types, host specificity, life cycle stages and population structures. The majority of current fungal species descriptions lack even the most basic genetic data that could address at least some of these issues. Such information is essential for accurate fungal identifications, to link critical metadata and to understand the real and potential impact of fungal pathogens on production and natural ecosystems. Because international trade in plant products and introduction of pathogens to new areas is likely to continue, the manner in which fungal pathogens are identified should urgently be reconsidered. The technologies that would provide appropriate information for biosecurity and quarantine already exist, yet the scientific community and the regulatory authorities are slow to embrace them. International agreements are urgently needed to enforce new guidelines for describing plant pathogenic fungi (including key DNA information) to ensure availability of relevant data and to modernize the phytosanitary systems that must deal with the risks relating to trade associated plant pathogens. This article is part of the themed issue 'Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience'
The Black Death the great mortality of 1348 1350 a brief history with documents

Foreword Preface List of Illustrations PART ONE  The Black Death in History The Black Death as Historical Event How to Interpret the Black Death? Studying Medieval Sources PART TWO The Documents Arrival and Spread of the Plague Medical and Public Health Responses Societal and Economic Impact Religious Mentalities The Psyche of Hysteria The Artistic Response Appendixes A Black Death Chronology (1347 1500) Questions for Consideration Selected Bibliography Index
Nut Intake among Overweight and Obese African American Women in the Rural South.
Venue: American journal of health behavior

Nut consumption decreases risk for obesity and chronic diseases, which are prevalent among African American women in the rural southeastern United States. The quantity and quality of nut intake in this population is unclear. We examined the amount, source, and quality of nut consumption among overweight and obese African American women in rural Alabama and Mississippi.  Two 24 hour dietary recalls were administered to 426 women. Mann Whitney tests, t tests, and linear regression models identified differences in added sugar and sodium intake between nut consumers and non consumers, differences in mean nut, added sugar, and sodium intake between stand alone and incorporated nut sources, and a relationship between nut intake and added sugar and sodium intake.  Forty two percent of participants consumed nuts, and 16% met federal recommendations for nut intake. Nut consumption was mainly from incorporated sources (65% which were higher in added sugar (p .001) and sodium (p .001) and lower in nut quantity (p .001) than stand alone sources. Nut consumers consumed more daily added sugar (p .004) and sodium (p .04) than non consumers.  Suboptimal quantity and quality of nut intake may impede the health benefits of nut consumption among African American women in the rural South.
Neighborhood Level Poverty at Menarche and Prepregnancy Obesity in African American Women
Venue: Journal of pregnancy

Menarche is a critical time point in a woman's reproductive system development; exposures at menarche may influence maternal health. Living in a poorer neighborhood is associated with adult obesity; however, little is known if neighborhood factors at menarche are associated with prepregnancy obesity.  We examined the association of neighborhood level poverty at menarche with prepregnancy body mass index category in 144 pregnant African American women. Address at menarche was geocoded to census tract (closest to year of menarche) neighborhood level poverty was defined as the proportion of residents living under the federal poverty level. Cumulative logistic regression was used to examine the association of neighborhood level poverty at menarche, in quartiles, with categorical prepregnancy BMI.  Before pregnancy, 59 (41% women were obese. Compared to women in the lowest neighborhood level poverty quartile, women in the highest quartile had 2.9 [1.2, 6.9] times higher odds of prepregnancy obesity; this was slightly attenuated after adjusting for age, marital status, education, and parity (odds ratio: 2.3 [0.9, 6.3]  Living in a higher poverty neighborhood at menarche is associated with prepregnancy obesity in African American women. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of exposures in menarche on health in pregnancy.