nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges of snow leopard conservation in China
Venue: Science China Life Sciences

The snow leopard (Panthera uncial, Figure 1A) is a kind of beautiful big cat that is believed to originate on the Tibetan Plateau seven million years ago (Tseng et al. 2013) and now inhabits alpine and subalpine zones in the remote and rugged mountains on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountain ranges. Its range countries include Afghani (Figure 1B) (Snow Leopard Network, 2014) Snow leopards mainly prey on mountain ungulates like blue sheep and ibex, but sometimes also prey on marmots and livestock. As an apex predator and keystone species, snow leopards play an important role in maintaining the stability of the unique mountain ecosystem they inhabit. It is estimated that only about 4,0007,000 individual snow leopards are living in the wild now (Snow Leopard Network, 2014) With the threats of habitat loss, depletion of wild prey and poaching, the snow leopard has been listed as Endangered by International Union for Conservation of Snow leopards in China, which account for about 60% of the global snow leopard population, are mainly distributed in Qinghai Province, Tibet, and Xinjiang Autonomous Regions and also discovered in Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region  Snow leopards experienced a hard time from the 1950s to the 1980s in China. They were hunted as a livestock predator and were an economically valuable species, so that they had been nearly eliminated in most of the range provinces like Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia by the late 1980s (Li and Lu, 2014) The fate of snow leopards in China was changed in the late 1980s, when they were listed as a Class I national protected animal in1989. Several nature reserves were established step by step in the snow leopard range area, such as the Tomur National Na In the past two decades, China has made big improvements in the conservation of snow leopards, however, there are still several challenges. Poaching is still a great threat to snow leopards (Snow Leopard Network, 2014) Snow leopard skins were traditionally used by local people to make hats, coats or decorative wall mountings; snow leopard bones, together with other leopard bones, were mainly used as a substitute for tiger bones. Besides these traditional uses of snow leopard parts, which are strictly prohibited now, the snow leopard market may be shifting towards luxury products in recent years (Li and Lu, 2014) Due to the high price of snow
Climate Change Impacts on Snow Leopard Range

Climate change impacts on snow leopard range include rising temperatures, retreating glaciers, permafrost degradation, loss of shallow surface water features such as seeps, springs, streams, and ponds, conversion of alpine meadows to arid alpine steppe grasslands, upward shift of treeline, and increasing frequency of severe weather phenomena. These impacts affect snow leopards and prey in various ways, including by reducing alpine grassland productivity and the area of available habitat as the treeline shifts upward. The MaxEnt model and IPCC A1B scenario were used to predict the area of rangewide snow leopard habitat in 2080. Modeling results predict that total area of snow leopard habitat will increase 20% by 2080, with habitat area north of 35degN latitude increasing by 45% South of 35degN latitude, however, an 18% decrease in habitat area is predicted as treeline shifts upward with this habitat being increasingly fragmented, particularly in the southern Himalaya.
Quantum Key Distribution
Venue: Encyclopedia of Algorithms

Celebrating 25 years since the publication of Bennett and Brassard's IEEE paper " Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing " [Bangalore, December 1984] A joint call for papers Theoretical Computer Science (TCS) Elsevier Natural Computing (NACO) Springer It is well known that the use of quantum information allows for the accomplishment of tasks that seem to be beyond the ability of classical information processing, and of other tasks that would be provably impossible in a classical world. Together with quantum teleportation and with Shor's quantum algorithm for factorizing large numbers, quantum key distribution is a fundamental cornerstone of quantum information processing. We are soliciting papers concerning quantum key distribution and closely related topics. Quantum key distribution deals with the transmission of secret messages and is closely related to other cryptographic tasks, such as one time signatures, quantum bit commitment, quantum coin flipping and quantum one way permutations. More generally, topics closely related to quantum key distribution include all aspects of quantum cryptography on the one hand, and many aspects of quantum optical communication and quantum optical information processing, on the other hand. We encourage researchers to submit papers in these fields as well. Both TCS (Section C) and NACO are devoted to the study of information processing using resources occurring in nature, including quantum information processing. For TCS C we are soliciting theory papers, while for NACO we are soliciting theory, experimental, and applications papers. The guest editors will divide the accepted papers between the two journals in a way that optimizes the coherence of the papers in each issue. If the authors have a very strong preference for one or the other journal, this should be stated at the time of initial submission. Please send submissions in PS or PDF format (leaving wide margins) to one of the guest editors via email. The final version must be submitted to the relevant journal, and prepared according to the instructions of that journal. Papers will be carefully refereed to meet the standards of publication of these two journals. We will make every effort to provide notification of acceptance/rejection within four months of submission.
Determinants of corporate environmental reporting: the importance of environmental performance and assurance

Companies are increasingly held accountable for the impact of their decisions and activities on the environment. These developments have been associated with a heightened tendency for companies to publish a variety of information on environmental topics in corporate environmental or sustainability reports. This study explores relationship between the level and nature of voluntary corporate environmental reporting (CER) practices, multiple corporate environmental performance metrics and external assurance. For this reason, measures of greenhouse gas emissions, waste production and water consumption were quantified and a distinction was made between corporate environmental reports with or without external assurance for a sample of Dutch companies during the period 2009 2011. Our results show that greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption, and external assurance play a significant, incremental role in explaining the variation in the level and nature of CER. The results support the view that legitimacy plays an important role in companies' choices concerning environmental disclosure. At the same time, our descriptive statistics indicate that companies systematically disclose an incomplete picture of how their decisions and activities affect the environment. Our findings suggest a need to complement voluntary CER with mandatory requirements for sustainability reporting in combination with strong enforcement mechanisms to urge companies to become more accountable in terms of environmental performance.
Associations Between Parental and Grandparental Marijuana Use and Child Substance Use Norms in a Prospective, Three Generation Study.
Venue: The Journal of adolescent health official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

Using prospective longitudinal data from three generations, this study seeks to test whether and how parent and grandparent marijuana use (current and prior) predicts an increased likelihood of child cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use.  Using multilevel modeling of prospective data spanning three generations (n 306 families, children ages 6 22) this study tested associations between grandparent (G1) and parent (G2) marijuana use and child (G3) past year cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Analyses tested whether G3 substance related norms mediated these associations. Current G1 and G2 marijuana use was examined, as was G2 high school and early adult use and G1 marijuana use when G2 parents were in early adolescence. Controls included G2 age at G3 birth, G2 education and depression, and G3 gender.  current marijuana use predicted a higher likelihood of G3 alcohol and marijuana use but was not related to the probability of G3 cigarette use. G3's perceptions of their parents' norms and G2 current marijuana use both contributed independently to the likelihood of G3 alcohol and marijuana use when included in the same model. G3 children's own norms and their perceptions of friends' norms mediated the link between G2 current marijuana use and G3 alcohol and marijuana use.  Results are discussed in light of the growing trend toward marijuana legalization. To the extent that parent marijuana use increases under legalization, we can expect more youth to use alcohol and marijuana and to have norms that favor substance use.
The social mentality theory of self compassion and self reassurance: The interactive effect of care seeking and caregiving
Venue: The Journal of social psychology

The aim of this study was to test social mentality theory, which views self compassion/reassurance as a form of intrapersonal relating in which the interpersonal mentalities of care seeking and caregiving are activated. Self report measures of motivations, cognitions, and behaviors related to seeking and receiving care from others were administered to 195 students. Self compassion/reassurance was predicted by the interaction of care seeking and caregiving, with the positive effect of care seeking intensified at high caregiving. As hypothesized, the combination of high care seeking and high caregiving predicted the highest level of self compassion/reassurance. The lowest level of self compassion/reassurance was predicted by the combination of low care seeking and high caregiving consistent with the concept of compulsive caregiving. Findings suggest that fostering a kinder way of relating to oneself may be achieved through more effective care seeking and caregiving with others.
Exploring the use of educational technology in primary education: Teachers' perception of mobile technology learning impacts and applications' use in the classroom
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Mobile technology has become popular worldwide with a broad range of users, including students from all levels of education. Although the impact of mobile technology in classrooms has been extensively studied, less is known about teachers' perceptions of how mobile technology impacts in learning and its relation to Applications (Apps) use in the classroom. This state of affairs is problematic since we know that teachers' perceptions have a great influence on their teaching practices. This study used survey data gathered from 102 teachers of 12 different primary schools in Spain. The questionnaire collected data about teachers' individual information, teachers' perceptions on the impact of mobile technology in learning, and use of a set of selected Apps in the classroom. Findings suggest that facilitating access to information and increasing engagement to learning are the two main impacts of mobile technology in the classroom. Findings also show that the choice of Apps is related to the teachers' perception of how mobile technology impacts in learning. Findings could help teachers to take advantage of the combination of affordances of mobile technology and Apps that actually improve some aspects of learning practice. Mobile learning provides access to information and new ways of learning.Apps more used are Content Learning over Informational and Learning Skills.Users of Learning and Informational Skills Apps perceive higher learning impacts.
Knowledge Guided Bioinformatics Model for Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic MicroRNA Biomarkers
Venue: Scientific reports

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disease with a high incidence and effective biomarkers are urgently needed for its diagnosis. A few previous studies have reported the detection of miRNA biomarkers for autism diagnosis, especially those based on bioinformatics approaches. In this study, we developed a knowledge guided bioinformatics model for identifying autism miRNA biomarkers. We downloaded gene expression microarray data from the GEO Database and extracted genes with expression levels that differed in ASD and the controls. We then constructed an autism specific miRNA mRNA network and inferred candidate autism biomarker miRNAs based on their regulatory modes and functions. We defined a novel parameter called the autism gene percentage as autism specific knowledge to further facilitate the identification of autism specific biomarker miRNAs. Finally, 11 miRNAs were screened as putative autism biomarkers, where eight miRNAs (72.7% were significantly dysregulated in ASD samples according to previous reports. Functional enrichment results indicated that the targets of the identified miRNAs were enriched in autism associated pathways, such as Wnt signaling (in KEGG and IPA) cell cycle (in KEGG) and glioblastoma multiforme signaling (in IPA) thereby supporting the predictive power of our model.
Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Intellectual Capital and the Enterprise Performance

This paper empirically studies the relationship between entrepreneurship intellectual capital and the enterprise performance in China through questionnaire survey. This result shows that entrepreneurship intellectual capital has significant impact on enterprise performance. However, different dimension of entrepreneurship intellectual capital makes different driving effect. Entrepreneurship innovation capital, entrepreneurship human capital and entrepreneurship social capital have positive effects on competitive and potential performance, while entrepreneurship structural capital has significant positive effect on competitive performance but no significant impact on potential performance. The value of entrepreneurship intellectual capital is partly explained, and some suggestions of the accumulation of entrepreneurship intellectual capital are given.  Kiang YJ, Cao Y, Yue W, Chang KC (2016) Study on the Relationship between Entrepreneurship Intellectual Capital and the Enterprise Performance.
Resonant tunneling assisted propagation and amplification of plasmons in high electron mobility transistors

A rigorous theoretical and computational model is developed for the plasma wave propagation in high electron mobility transistor structures with electron injection from a resonant tunneling diode at the gate. We discuss the conditions in which low loss and sustainable plasmon modes can be supported in such structures. The developed analytical model is used to derive the dispersion relation for these plasmon modes. A non linear full wave hydrodynamic numerical solver is also developed using a finite difference time domain algorithm. The developed analytical solutions are validated via the numerical solution. We also verify previous observations that were based on a simplified transmission line model. It is shown that at high levels of negative differential conductance, plasmon amplification is indeed possible. The proposed rigorous models can enable accurate design and optimization of practical resonant tunnel diode based plasma wave devices for terahertz sources, mixers, and detectors, by allowing a precise representation of their coupling when integrated with other electromagnetic structures.
Responsivity of the differential intensity surface plasmon resonance instrument

Surface plasmon resonance is used for the sensitive measurement of minute concentrations of bio analytes and probing of electrochemical processes. Typical refractive index sensitivity, for the intensity approach, is around 10 6 refractive index units (RIUs) A better sensitivity has been suggested by developing a differential intensity detection method. This method relies on the excitation of surface plasmons using a weakly focused beam with the average angle of incidence equal to the resonance angle, while the reflected light is detected using a bi cell photodiode. The Bi cell signal is processed by calculating the difference between its two units, normalized to their sum. This ratio estimates the shift in the resonance angle using a model that represents the resonance curve with a quadratic function. However, this model does not explain the effects of parameters such as the angular width of the excitation beam and the specifications of the sensing structure on the system's response. This paper presents a detailed evaluation of the responsivity using experimental and theoretical approaches, which can predict the effect of the different parameters, paving the way towards the investigation of a better sensitivity and the optimization of the system's design for different applications.
Reconceptualizing the Nature of Goals and Outcomes in Language/s Education.

Transformations associated with the increasing speed, scale, and complexity of mobilities, together with the information technology revolution, have changed the demography of most countries of the world and brought about accompanying social, cultural, and economic shifts (Heugh, This complex diversity has changed the very nature of communication within and across languages, in society in general, and in education. These changes in turn require a reconceptualization of our approach to language/s education in ways that recognize a diversity of goals for people from different backgrounds, people who are learning a variety of languages in diverse settings and who may be interested in developing different capabilities and achieving different outcomes. In this article, we address the reconceptualization of the goals and outcomes of learning additional languages and processes for their formulation and realization. We will make explicit the educational values that underpin our position. Recognizing the immense diversity that the learning of additional languages in diverse contexts encompasses, our consideration is necessarily conceptual. The point of departure for our discussion is communicative language teaching, the dominant paradigm for language teaching for the past 40 years. We briefly trace its historical development and provide an account of some of the conceptual and theoretical expansions since its initial formulation. In light of this expansion we then discuss goals for learning additional languages by: (a) reaffirming the multilingual character of communication and learning to communicate, focusing on the exchange of meaning, (b) (re )inserting the importance of personal development and aesthetics, and (c) recognizing the centrality of reflectivity and reflexivity in communication and learning to communicate. We conclude with a set of principles that are intended to capture the expanded nature of goals and their rendering for the purposes of teaching and learning.
Power and the Sustainable Development Goals: a feminist analysis

This article offers a power analysis of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) process and outcomes, from a feminist perspective. Many see, in the SDGs, several opportunities for progress on gender equality and women's rights, if not for transformation. Yet there are many reasons for scepticism, as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development's vision is not always met with strong enough language, clear policies or funding provisions. Realising the 'transformative potential' of the Agenda in the decade and a half to come will be far from a technocratic exercise and this is particularly true for the full realisation of women's rights. A first step is to consider how structural power relations are challenged or reinforced in the Agenda and the SDGs, and in plans for their implementation and resourcing.
Niklas Luhmann: Soziale Systeme. Grundriss einer allgemeinen Theorie, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp 1984, 674 S

Soziale Systeme war fur Niklas Luhmann (1927 1998) das erste Buch, das nicht mehr in die >Nullserie der Theorieproduktion< gehorte, sondern den grosen Entwurf fur die dann folgende Reihe von Banden wie Die Wirtschaft der Gesellschaft, Die Politik der Gesellschaft, Die Kunst der Gesellschaft, Die Wissenschaft der Gesellschaft, Die Religion der Gesellschaft bis hin zu Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft vorlegte. Hier finden wir die konzentrierteste Zusammenfassung von Luhmanns Systemtheorie. Der Band ist ein Kompendium begriff licher Grundentscheidungen und Grunddefinitionen mit dem Ziel einer universal anwendbaren Theorie alles Sozialen und nicht nur eines Ausschnittes.
Outcome versus process value in service delivery

This study is embedded in social exchange and transaction cost theories. The objective is twofold: First, to compare the relative importance of process value and outcome value in building affective and cognitive relationship strength; and second, to compare the relative effects of each type of relationship strength on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty.  This empirical study features a quantitative approach. The sample comprises 167 business to business (B2B) customers of a large transportation and logistics company in Vietnam.  Process value and outcome value have different effects on affective relationship strength: The effect of process value is greater than that of outcome value. In addition, cognitive strength has a stronger impact on both attitudinal and behavioral loyalty than affective strength.  These insights extend extant literature regarding the process and outcome components of the service assessment. Further studies also should employ a cross industry, cross country sample to examine the potential moderating effects of country or industry specific factors. These findings show B2B managers how to make appropriate resource allocation and investment decisions to enhance relationship strength and resulting customer loyalty.  To clarify the links among customer value, relationship strength and customer loyalty, this study examines the relative importance of rational and non rational factors (i.e. process value vs. outcome value; affective strength vs. cognitive strength) for relationship performance. Unlike most prior research, this study is set in the B2B context of a developing country.
Agile innovation management in government: A research agenda
Venue: Gov. Inf. Q.

Governments are facing an information technology upgrade and legacy problem: outdated systems and acquisition processes are resulting in high risk technology projects that are either over budget or behind schedule. Recent catastrophic technology failures, such as the failed launch of the politically contested online marketplace Healthcare.gov in the U.S. were attributed to an overreliance on external technology contractors and failures to manage large scale technology contracts in government. As a response, agile software development and modular acquisition approaches, new independent organizational units equipped with fast reacting teams, in combination with a series of policy changes are developed to address the need to innovate digital service delivery in government. This article uses a process tracing approach, as well as initial qualitative interviews with a subset of executives and agency level digital services members to provide an overview of the existing policies and implementation approaches toward an agile innovation management approach. The article then provides a research framework including research questions that provide guidance for future research on the managerial implementation considerations necessary to scale up the initial efforts and move toward a collaborative and agile innovation management approach in government.