nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs.
Venue: JAMA

Deep learning is a family of computational methods that allow an algorithm to program itself by learning from a large set of examples that demonstrate the desired behavior, removing the need to specify rules explicitly. Application of these methods to medical imaging requires further assessment and validation.  To apply deep learning to create an algorithm for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in retinal fundus photographs.  A specific type of neural network optimized for image classification called a deep convolutional neural network was trained using a retrospective development data set of 128 175 retinal images, which were graded 3 to 7 times for diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, and image gradability by a panel of 54 US licensed ophthalmologists and ophthalmology senior residents between May and December 2015. The resultant algorithm was validated in January and February 2016 using 2 separate data sets, both graded by at least 7 US board certified ophthalmologists with high intragrader consistency.  Deep learning trained algorithm.  The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) defined as moderate and worse diabetic retinopathy, referable diabetic macular edema, or both, were generated based on the reference standard of the majority decision of the ophthalmologist panel. The algorithm was evaluated at 2 operating points selected from the development set, one selected for high specificity and another for high sensitivity.  The EyePACS 1 data set consisted of 9963 images from 4997 patients (mean age, 54.4 years; 62.2% women; prevalence of RDR, 683/8878 fully gradable images [7.8% the Messidor 2 data set had 1748 images from 874 patients (mean age, 57.6 years; 42.6% women; prevalence of RDR, 254/1745 fully gradable images [14.6% For detecting RDR, the algorithm had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.991 (95% CI, 0.988 0.993) for EyePACS 1 and 0.990 (95% CI, 0.986 0.995) for Messidor 2. Using the first operating cut point with high specificity, for EyePACS 1, the sensitivity was 90.3% (95% CI, 87.5% 92.7% and the specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 97.8% 98.5% For Messidor 2, the sensitivity was 87.0% (95% CI, 81.1% 91.0% and the specificity was 98.5% (95% CI, 97.7% 99.1% Using a second operating point with high sensitivity in the development set, for EyePACS 1 the sensitivity was 97.5% and specificity was 93.4% and for Messidor 2 the sensitivity was 96.1% and specificity was 93.9% Conclusions and Relevance In this evaluation of retinal fundus photographs from adults with diabetes, an algorithm based on deep machine learning had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting referable diabetic retinopathy. Further research is necessary to determine the feasibility of applying this algorithm in the clinical setting and to determine whether use of the algorithm could lead to improved care and outcomes compared with current ophthalmologic assessment.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases brain MAPK signaling, inflammation and renin angiotensin system activity and sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure.
Venue: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology

We previously reported that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is induced in the subfornical organ (SFO) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of heart failure (HF) rats and is reduced by inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. The present study further examined the relationship between brain MAPK signaling, ER stress, and sympathetic excitation in HF. Sham operated (Sham) and HF rats received a 4 wk intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (Veh) or the ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA, 10 mg/day) Lower mRNA levels of the ER stress biomarkers GRP78, ATF6, ATF4, and XBP 1s in the SFO and PVN of TUDCA treated HF rats validated the efficacy of the TUDCA dose. The elevated levels of phosphorylated p44/42 and p38 MAPK in SFO and PVN of Veh treated HF rats, compared with Sham rats, were significantly reduced in TUDCA treated HF rats as shown by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. Plasma norepinephrine levels were higher in Veh treated HF rats, compared with Veh treated Sham rats, and were significantly lower in the TUDCA treated HF rats. TUDCA treated HF rats also had lower mRNA levels for angiotensin converting enzyme, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 1b, cyclooxygenase 2, and NF kB p65, and a higher mRNA level of IkB a, in the SFO and PVN than Veh treated HF rats. These data suggest that ER stress contributes to the augmented sympathetic activity in HF by inducing MAPK signaling, thereby promoting inflammation and renin angiotensin system activity in key cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain.
Tartary buckwheat flavonoids protect hepatic cells against high glucose induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance via MAPK signaling pathways.
Venue: Food function

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in chronic complication of diabetes. In this study, the protective effect of purified tartary buckwheat flavonoids (TBF) fraction against oxidative stress induced by a high glucose challenge, which causes insulin resistance, was investigated on hepatic HepG2 cells. Oxidative status, phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p (Ser307) IRS 1 expression, and glucose uptake were evaluated. Results suggest that treatment of HepG2 cells with TBF alone improved glucose uptake and antioxidant enzymes, and activated Nrf2, and attenuated the IRS 1 Ser307 phosphorylation, and enhanced total levels of IRS 1. Furthermore, the high glucose induced changes in antioxidant defences, Nrf2, p MAPKs, p IRS1 Ser307, and IRS 1 levels, and glucose uptake were also significantly inhibited by pre treatment with TBF. Interestingly, the selective MAPK inhibitors significantly enhanced the TBF mediated protection by inducing changes in the redox status, glucose uptake, p (Ser307) and total IRS 1 levels. This report firstly showed that TBF could recover the redox status of insulin resistant HepG2 cells, suggesting that TBF significantly protected the cells against high glucose induced oxidative stress, and these beneficial effects of TBF on redox balance and insulin resistance were mediated by targeting MAPKs.
Institutions and axioms: an extension and update of service dominant logic

Service dominant logic continues its evolution, facilitated by an active community of scholars throughout the world. Along its evolutionary path, there has been increased recognition of the need for a crisper and more precise delineation of the foundational premises and specification of the axioms of S D logic. It also has become apparent that a limitation of the current foundational premises/axioms is the absence of a clearly articulated specification of the mechanisms of (often massive scale) coordination and cooperation involved in the cocreation of value through markets and, more broadly, in society. This is especially important because markets are even more about cooperation than about the competition that is more frequently discussed. To alleviate this limitation and facilitate a better understanding of cooperation (and coordination) an eleventh foundational premise (fifth axiom) is introduced, focusing on the role of institutions and institutional arrangements in systems of value cocreation: service ecosystems. Literature on institutions across multiple social disciplines, including marketing, is briefly reviewed and offered as further support for this fifth axiom.
Exploring How Well UK Coach Education Meets the Needs of Women Sports Coaches

Inclusive and equitable processes are important to the development of sports coaching. The aim of this study was to explore how well UK coach education meets the needs of women sports coaches in order to make recommendations to further enhance the engagement of, and support for, aspiring and existing women coaches. The national governing bodies (NGBs) of four sports (Cycling, Equestrian, Gymnastics and Rowing) volunteered to participate and semi structured interviews using the tenants of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) within a Self Determination Theory (SDT) framework were undertaken with 23 coaches, eight coach educators and five NGB officers. The data themed into an analytic structure derived from SDT comprising 'Autonomy: Freedom to coach' 'Coaching competence' and 'Relatedness and belonging' The coaches perceived potential benefit from enhanced relatedness and belonging within their sport with the findings suggesting that NGBs should embrace coach led decision making in terms of the developmental topics which are important and should adopt the development of competence, rather than assessing technical understanding, as the foundational principle of more inclusive coach education. Future research should investigate the impact of the inclusive practices which are recommended within this investigation such as the softening of the technocratic focus of formal coach education.
Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Toward the Robust Perception Age
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Robotics

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) consists in the concurrent construction of a model of the environment (the map) and the estimation of the state of the robot moving within it. The SLAM community has made astonishing progress over the last 30 years, enabling large scale real world applications and witnessing a steady transition of this technology to industry. We survey the current state of SLAM and consider future directions. We start by presenting what is now the de facto standard formulation for SLAM. We then review related work, covering a broad set of topics including robustness and scalability in long term mapping, metric and semantic representations for mapping, theoretical performance guarantees, active SLAM and exploration, and other new frontiers. This paper simultaneously serves as a position paper and tutorial to those who are users of SLAM. By looking at the published research with a critical eye, we delineate open challenges and new research issues, that still deserve careful scientific investigation. The paper also contains the authors' take on two questions that often animate discussions during robotics conferences: Do robots need SLAM? and Is SLAM solved?
Effect of pretreatment techniques on food waste solubilization and biogas production during thermophilic batch anaerobic digestion

The purpose of this study was to optimize the alkaline, ultrasonication, and thermal pretreatment in order to enhance the solubilization of food waste (FW) for the production of volatile fatty acids, hydrogen, and methane in thermophilic batch anaerobic digestion. Initially, the effect of pretreatment techniques in the acidogenic phase was studied, and the optimal combinations of different conditions were determined. It was found that each pretreatment technique affected food waste solubilization differently. Alkaline pretreatment increased hydrogen yield in the acidogenic sludge by four times over control. COD solubilization was increased by 47 when FW pre heated at 130 degC for 60 min. Ultrasonication at 20 kHz and 45 min reduced processing time to 38 h from the 60 80 h needed in normal operation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize a combination of alkaline, ultrasonication, and thermal pretreatment. Optimized conditions were applied to methanogenic single stage thermophilic AD process, and their impact on biogas production was monitored. Results showed that FW heated at 130 degC for 50 min geminates biogas production compared to control experiment. In conclusion, a short thermal pretreatment regime could significant affect biogas production in single stage thermophilic AD.
Volatile Fatty Acids Production from Codigestion of Food Waste and Sewage Sludge Based on b Cyclodextrins and Alkaline Treatments
Venue: Archaea

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are preferred valuable resources, which can be produced from anaerobic digestion process. This study presents a novel technology using b cyclodextrins (b CD) pretreatment integrated alkaline method to enhance VFAs production from codigestion of food waste and sewage sludge. Experiment results showed that optimized ratio of food waste to sewage sludge was 3 2 because it provided adequate organic substance and seed microorganisms. Based on this optimized ratio, the integrated treatment of alkaline pH 10 and b CD addition (0.2 g/g TS) performed the best enhancement on VFAs production, and the maximum VFAs production was 8631.7 mg/L which was 6.13, 1.38, and 1.57 times higher than that of control, initial pH 10, and 0.2 g b CD/g TS treatment, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate of protein and polysaccharides was greatly improved in integration treatment, which was 1.18 3.45 times higher than that of other tests. Though the VFAs production and hydrolysis of polymeric organics were highly enhanced, the primary bacterial communities with different treatments did not show substantial differences.
Fast compressive measurements acquisition using optimized binary sensing matrices for low light level imaging.
Venue: Optics express

Compressive measurements benefit low light level imaging (L3 imaging) due to the significantly improved measurement signal to noise ratio (SNR) However, as with other compressive imaging (CI) systems, compressive L3 imaging is slow. To accelerate the data acquisition, we develop an algorithm to compute the optimal binary sensing matrix that can minimize the image reconstruction error. First, we make use of the measurement SNR and the reconstruction mean square error (MSE) to define the optimal gray value sensing matrix. Then, we construct an equality constrained optimization problem to solve for a binary sensing matrix. From several experimental results, we show that the latter delivers a similar reconstruction performance as the former, while having a smaller dynamic range requirement to system sensors.
Music therapy improves the mood of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (controlled randomized study)
Venue: Supportive Care in Cancer

PurposeThe allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT) is a therapeutic medical treatment for various neoplastic hematologic, congenital, genetic, or acquired disorders. In this procedure which combines high dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and has a high degree of cytotoxicity, the patient experiences solitary confinement, which causes psychological distress, pain, anxiety, mood disorders and can lead him/her to depression. Music therapy was applied with the purpose of decreasing this social confinement. This is a randomized controlled trial.MethodPatients (n 100) were selected randomly. Patients (n 50) were selected for the Experimental Music Therapy Group (EMG) and n 50 for the control group (CG) who received the standard treatment. The intervention of live music was applied using music therapy techniques. Assessment and quantification were made using the visual analog scale (VAS) The dependent variables were pain, anxiety, and mood of patients.ResultsThe Mann Whitney test (p 0.05) applied was considered statistically significant when comparing the groups, improving mood significantly (EMG).ConclusionMusic therapy proved to be a strong ally in the treatment of patients undergoing allo HSCT, providing bio psychosocial welfare.
Efficacy of internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Venue: Sleep medicine reviews

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT I) has been shown efficacious, but the challenge remains to make it available and accessible in order to meet population needs. Delivering CBT I over the internet (eCBT I) may be one method to overcome this challenge. The objective of this meta analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of eCBT I and the moderating influence of various study characteristics. Two researchers independently searched key electronic databases (1991 to June 2015) selected eligible publications, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality. Eleven randomized controlled trials examining a total of 1460 participants were included. Results showed that eCBT I improved insomnia severity, sleep efficiency, subjective sleep quality, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and number of nocturnal awakenings at post treatment, with effect sizes (Hedges's g) ranging from 0.21 to 1.09. The effects were comparable to those found for face to face CBT I, and were generally maintained at 4 48 wk follow up. Moderator analyses showed that longer treatment duration and higher degree of personal clinical support were associated with larger effect sizes, and that larger study dropout in the intervention group was associated with smaller effect sizes. In conclusion, internet delivered CBT I appears efficacious and can be considered a viable option in the treatment of insomnia.
Internet Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Venue: PloS one

Insomnia is of major public health importance. While cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial, in person treatment is often unavailable. We assessed the effectiveness of internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.  The primary objectives were to determine whether online cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia could improve sleep efficiency and reduce the severity of insomnia in adults. Secondary outcomes included sleep quality, total sleep time, time in bed, sleep onset latency, wake time after sleep onset, and number of nocturnal awakenings.  We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science for randomized trials.  Studies were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials in adults that reported application of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia via internet delivery. Mean differences in improvement in sleep measures were calculated using the Hartung Knapp Sidik Jonkman method for random effects meta analysis.  We found 15 trials, all utilizing a pretest posttest randomized control group design. Sleep efficiency was 72% at baseline and improved by 7.2% (95% CI: 5.1% 9.3% p<0.001) with internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy versus control. Internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy resulted in a decrease in the insomnia severity index by 4.3 points (95% CI: 7.1, 1.5; p 0.017) compared to control. Total sleep time averaged 5.7 hours at baseline and increased by 20 minutes with internet delivered therapy versus control (95% CI: 9, 31; p 0.004) The severity of depression decreased by 2.3 points (95% CI: 2.9, 1.7; p 0.013) in individuals who received internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy compared to control. Improvements in sleep efficiency, the insomnia severity index and depression scores with internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy were maintained from 4 to 48 weeks after post treatment assessment. There were no statistically significant differences between sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and insomnia severity index for internet delivered versus in person therapy with a trained therapist.  In conclusion, internet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in improving sleep in adults with insomnia. Efforts should be made to educate the public and expand access to this therapy.
Complement Activation by Giardia duodenalis Parasites through the Lectin Pathway Contributes to Mast Cell Responses and Parasite Control
Venue: Infection and Immunity

Infection with Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of diarrheal disease in the world. While numerous studies have identified important contributions of adaptive immune responses to parasite control, much less work has examined innate immunity and its connections to the adaptive response during this infection. We explored the role of complement in immunity to Giardia using mice deficient in mannose binding lectin (Mbl2) or complement factor 3a receptor (C3aR) Both strains exhibited delayed clearance of parasites and a reduced ability to recruit mast cells in the intestinal submucosa. C3aR deficient mice had normal production of antiparasite IgA, but ex vivo T cell recall responses were impaired. These data suggest that complement is a key factor in the innate recognition of Giardia and that recruitment of mast cells and activation of T cell immunity through C3a are important for parasite control.
Middle and low latitude ionosphere response to 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm

This paper presents a study of the St Patrick's Day storm of 2015, with its ionospheric response at middle and low latitudes. The effects of the storm in each longitudinal sector (Asian, African, American, and Pacific) are characterized using global and regional electron content. At the beginning of the storm, one or two ionospheric positive storm effects are observed depending on the longitudinal zones. After the main phase of the storm, a strong decrease in ionization is observed at all longitudes, lasting several days. The American region exhibits the most remarkable increase in vertical total electron content (vTEC) while in the Asian sector, the largest decrease in vTEC is observed. At low latitudes, using spectral analysis, we were able to separate the effects of the prompt penetration of the magnetospheric convection electric field (PPEF) and of the disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) on the basis of ground magnetic data. Concerning the PPEF, Earth's magnetic field oscillations occur simultaneously in the Asian, African, and American sectors, during southward magnetization of the B z component of the interplanetary magnetic field. Concerning the DDEF, diurnal magnetic oscillations in the horizontal component H of the Earth's magnetic field exhibit a behavior that is opposed to the regular one. These diurnal oscillations are recognized to last several days in all longitudinal sectors. The observational data obtained by all sensors used in the present paper can be interpreted on the basis of existing theoretical models.
Overview of the 2015 St. Patrick's day storm and its consequences for RTK and PPP positioning in Norway

The 2015 St. Patrick's day storm was the first storm of solar cycle 24 to reach a level of "Severe" on the NOAA geomagnetic storm scale. The Norwegian Mapping Authority is operating a national real time kinematic (RTK) positioning network and has in recent years developed software and services and deployed instrumentation to monitor space weather disturbances. Here, we report on our observations during this event. Strong GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) disturbances, measured by the rate of TEC index (ROTI) were observed at all latitudes in Norway on March 17th and early on March 18th. Late on the 18th, strong disturbances were only observed in northern parts of Norway. We study the ionospheric disturbances in relation to the auroral electrojet currents, showing that the most intense disturbances of GNSS signals occur on the poleward side of poleward moving current regions. This indicates a possible connection to ionospheric polar cap plasma patches and/or particle precipitation caused by magnetic reconnection in the magnetosphere tail. We also study the impact of the disturbances on the network RTK and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) techniques. The vertical position errors increase rapidly with increasing ROTI for both techniques, but PPP is more precise than RTK at all disturbance levels.