nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of dendritic gold/silver nanaoparticles on disposable screen printed carbon electrode and its application of 4 mercaptopyridine in in situ electrochemical surface enhanced Raman scattering

Column electrodes pretreated through oxidation reduction cycles were traditionally used in electrochemical surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) In this study, a disposable screen printed carbon electrode was introduced into in situ electrochemical SERS through the electrodeposition of dendritic gold/silver nanoparticles (Au/AgNPs) onto the surface of the carbon working electrode to induce the SERS enhancement effect on the electrode. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that dendritic Au/AgNPs nanostructures could be fabricated under appropriate electrodeposition conditions and could present a minimum SERS factor of 4.25 x 105. Furthermore, the absorbed behavior of 4 mercaptopyridine was investigated under different potentials. The adsorption configuration was inferred to transform from 'vertical' to 'lying flat' The proposed new electrode combined with a portable Raman spectrometer could be useful in the identifying products or intermediates during electrochemical synthesis or electrochemical catalysis in in situ electrochemical SERS.
China's wind electricity and cost of carbon mitigation are more expensive than anticipated

The success of China's transition to a low carbon energy systemwill be key to achieve the global level of emissions reductions needed to avoid large negative consequences from climate change. China is undergoing an impressive build up of renewable capacity, in particular wind. Using data from the CleanMechanismDevelopment project database between 2004 and 2012, this study shows that while Chinamade progress in bringing down the levelized cost of wind electricity and cost of carbon mitigation (CCM) serious grid connection issues and highwind curtailment rates resulted in a levelized cost of wind electricity that is one half to two times higher than expected, and aCCM that is four to six times higher. Sharp drop in electricity demand, utilization rate, and coal prices in recent yearsmay lead to even higher results. 1.  renewable energy integration inChina In 2014 China's wind energy installed capacity outstripped that of the US by some 75% However, China's wind turbines generated only 156 TWh of electricity in the same year, compared to 180 TWh in the US  This gap between the total installed capacity and electricity generation has narrowed in recent years but remains substantial. In fact, if China were to connect its entire wind turbine fleet to the grid and put them to full use at a 22% capacity factor, it would generate almost 40% more electricity from wind, or 217 TWh, an equivalent to installing an additional 32 GWof capacity. To address some of the country's serious environmental problems, China is undergoing amassive build up of renewable capacity, in particular wind. Furthermore, global progress in reducing emissions to avoid large negative consequences from climate change hinges on China's ability to transition to a low carbon energy system. However, efforts to integrate the country's wind power base into its electrical grid and to reduce curtailment have had limited success to date. Recently, a number of studies have tried to describe a number of barriers that restrict the full utilization of China's installed capacity. Much of the existing research highlights the inadequacy of the country's electricity grid system, specifically its inability to transmit electricity produced by renewable sources generated in remote windand solar rich regions to energy load centers (Wang et al 2010, Li et al 2012, 2014, Pei et al 2015, Zhao et al 2016) The absence of interprovincial power markets owing to the ambiguous authority of various stakeholders over transmission (Davidson 2013) different levels of feed in tariffs (Zhao et al 2012, Pei et al 2015) the lack of a mature, and standardized exchange platform and grid companies' conflicts of interest (Kahrl and Wang 2014) further aggravate grid integration problems. Nevertheless, little has been reported on how the pervasive lack of grid connection and widespread OPEN ACCESS
Adsorption of 2 Chlorophenol on Activated Carbon Prepared from Orange and Banana Husk: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

Phenolic compounds present in many industrial effluents that classified as priority pollutants. Therefore, its treatment is necessary before discharge into the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the 2 chlorophenol adsorption by orange and banana shell activated carbon.  This study was performed in laboratory at batch scale. The orange and banana peel was sun dried at 105 Co, then carbonized, crushed and sieved to particle sizes in range of 30 mesh. The effects of different parameters including contact time (10 120 min) pH (3 11) 2 chlorophenol initial concentration(10 200 mg/L) and biomass dosage (0.2 2 g/L) were studied for removal of 2 chlorophenol. All experiments were repeated twice and then adsorption isotherms and kinetics of different models were analyzed by comparing the regression coefficient and R squared (R2)  The results indicated that the 2 chlorophenol adsorption rate increases by increasing of contact time and adsorbent dose for both adsorbents, however, the 2 chlorophenol adsorption per each gr of adsorbnts(qe) decreased. The adsorption efficieny increased by decreasing of intial 2 chlorophenol concentration and increasing of pH. The optimum pH was 5 in 2 chlorophenol adsorption and obtained data well fitted by Langmuir Isotherm in comparison with other isotherms. It was found that the kinetics data fitted well the pseudo first order.  According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that orange and banana shell activated carbon as an inexpensive adsorbent, had a high adsorptive potential for removal of 2 chlorophenol from water and wastewater samples.
Inventory analysis of carbon footprint on greenhouse gas emission of large scale biogas plants

Inventory analysis of greenhouse gas emission for large scale biogas plants using carbon footprint method still needs to be improved. Based on the life cycle theory, the application of carbon footprint on four large scale biogas plants was analyzed in this paper, which comprehensively considered project progresses of civil engineering construction, operation and comprehensive utilization of residues and slurry. Also the greenhouse gas emissions during the construction and waste removal stages were analyzed and estimated. The carbon footprint of those plants was analyzed in different types and scales. The results showed that the larger scale plant will produce relatively lower carbon footprint. The greenhouse gas emission of energy production, utilization during the period of anaerobic digestion accounted for more than 96% of the entire life cycle emission. The proportion of greenhouse gas emissions on equipment, demolition recycling and transportation phases was smaller, which was less than 1.5% and should be simplified in calculation. The greenhouse gas emission of building materials production can be ignored.  biogas plant, carbon footprint, life cycle, greenhouse gas, emission reduction DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20160904.2076  Zhou Y G, Zhang Z X, Zhang Y X, Zhou J, Chen L, Yin X F, et al. Inventory analysis of carbon footprint on greenhouse gas emission of large scale biogas plants.  2016; 9(4) 99 105.
Study of crystallization behavior of neat poly(vinylidene fluoride) and transcrystallization in carbon fiber/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite under a temperature gradient

The crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and transcrystallization in carbon fiber (CF)/PVDF composite were investigated under a temperature gradient. The crystallization temperature (Tc) was controlled in the range of 110 180 degC. For neat PVDF, the results showed that exclusive g phase formed at Tc above 164 degC, but coexisted with a phase at Tc ranging from 137 to 160 degC. The promotion of g phase to nucleation of a phase at low Tc was observed for the first time. For CF/PVDF composite, a cylindrical transcrystalline (TC) layer formed on the surface of CF when Tc was between 137 and 172 degC. The TC layer was exclusively composed of g phase at Tc above 164 degC. The hybrid nucleation was dominated by g phase though some a phase nuclei emerged on the surface of CF when Tc was in the range of 144 160 degC. As Tc decreased, competition between the hybrid nucleation of a and g phase became more intense. The g phase nuclei was soon circumscribed by the rapidly developed a phase when Tc was below 144 degC. Furthermore, some a phase nuclei were induced at the surface of the g phase TC layer, and developed into a phase TC layer when Tc was in the range of 146 156 degC, which resulted in a doubled TC layer of a and g phase at the interface of the composite.
Comparison of thermoluminescence characteristics in g ray and C(5+ ion beam irradiated LiCaAlF6 :Ce phosphor.
Venue: Luminescence the journal of biological and chemical luminescence

We compare the thermoluminescence (TL) behavior of Ce(3+ ion activated LiCaAlF6 exposed to g rays and a carbon ion beam. The reported phosphor is synthesized using an in house precipitation method with varying concentrations of activator ion and is characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) and TL. Rietveld refinement is performed to study the structural statistics. The TL glow curve consists of a prominent glow peak at 232degC with three shoulders at 115, 159 and 333degC when exposed to g rays from a (60) Co source. When exposed to a C(5+ ion beam, the TL glow curve consists of five peaks with peak temperatures near 156, 221, 250, 287 and 330degC, and is found to vary slightly with changing fluence. Glow curve convolution deconvolution (GCCD) functions are applied to the TL curves for complete analysis of the glow curve structure and TL traps. The order of kinetics (b) activation energy (E) and frequency factor are determined using Chen's peak shape method and theoretical curves are drawn using GCCD functions. A track interaction model (TIM) is used to explain the sublinearity/saturation at higher fluences. Ion beam parameters are analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation based SRIM 2013 code.
Using magnetic susceptibility mapping for assessing soil degradation due to water erosion.

Jaksik O. Kodesova R. Kapicka A. Klement A. Fer M. Nikodem A. (2016) Using magnetic susceptibility mapping for assessing soil degradation due to water erosion.  This study focused on developing a method for estimating topsoil organic carbon content from measured massspecific magnetic susceptibility in Chernozems heavily affected by water erosion. The study was performed on a 100 ha area, whereby 202 soil samples were taken. A set of soil samples was divided into 3 subsets: A (32 samples) B (67 samples) and C (103 samples) The mass specific magnetic susceptibility using low kh lf and high kh hf frequency, and organic carbon content were measured at all soil samples. The contents of iron and manganese, extracted with a dithionite citrate solution (Fe d Mn d and ammonium oxalate (Fe o Mn o were quantified in A and B samples. Models for predicting organic carbon content from magnetic susceptibilities were designed as follows: (1) subset A was used as the training set for calibration, and subsets B and C were used as the test sets for model validation, either separately (subset B only) or together (merged subsets B and C) (2) merged subsets A and B were used as the training set and subset C was used as the test set. Results showed very close correlations between organic carbon content and all measured soil properties. Obtained models relating organic carbon content to mass specific magnetic susceptibility successfully predicted soil organic carbon contents.
Umbrella review of the evidence: what factors influence the caring relationship between a nurse and patient?
Venue: Journal of advanced nursing

The aim of this study was to describe the nurse patient relationships and to study how caring behaviours were described. The review question was: What factors influence the caring relationship between a nurse and patient?  There is a growing perception that nurses fail to provide compassionate and competent care. Policy documents prescribe compassion as an essential aspect of care; however, the evidence drawn on remains unclear and without clear applications to practice.  An extensive PsychInfo, Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, WoS and Embase search was conducted for literature published from January 2000 March 2014. Key words included 'nurse' 'patient' and 'relationship' in combination with index terms to find literature published from 2000 onward.  Critical appraisal, data extraction and synthesis were carried out according to existing guidelines for undertaking umbrella reviews.  Twelve reviews (representing over 290 studies) were included following critical appraisal. Forty seven findings were extracted, resulting in 14 categories and six synthesized findings; 'Expectations of the relationships' 'Values' 'Knowledge and skills' 'Communication' 'Context and environment' and 'The impact of the relationship'  A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that both patients and nurses have expectations about the nature and importance of the caring relationship. Nurses should be mindful that their behaviours and attitudes need to align with what patients value about the relationship. Context shapes the relationship in positive and negative ways.
Antiseptic effect of sea cucumber (Holothuria atra) against multi organ failure induced by sepsis: Molecular and histopathological study
Venue: Experimental and therapeutic medicine

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection and severe sepsis patients can develop acute lung and liver injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Holothuria atra methanolic body wall extract (HaE) as an antioxidant and anti inflammatory agent against induced sepsis in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) rat model. In total, 30 males albino rats were divided into three groups (n=10 each) as follows: Sham (Sh) which was used as negative control; sepsis (Se) which was used as a positive control and was subjected to CLP surgery; and Ho, which was subjected to CLP and fed with 200 mg/kg (body weight) of HaE, once daily for 7 days. Subsequently, the expression of various genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction, while liver and lung tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Caspase 3 was significantly reduced in liver and lung tissues in the Ho group, while the expression levels of Gsta2, Cat and Sod1 genes were slightly reduced in the Ho group, when compared with the Se group. In addition, expression levels of tumor necrosis factor, interferon g, liver interleukin (IL)1b and lung IL1a were reduced in the Ho group compared with the Se group. Furthermore, histopathological changes were observed in liver tissues of the Se group, including congestion of hepatoportal blood vessel and focal hepatic necrosis, while lung tissues showed marked edema, hemorrhage and alveolar septal thickening. The Ho group showed apparent normal hepatic parenchyma and slight interstitial pneumonia. Immunohistochemical staining of caspase 3 in liver and lung tissues showed no expression in the Sh group, strong expression in the Se group and moderate expression in the Ho group. In conclusion, HaE demonstrated beneficial effect against induced sepsis, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
Lexical decisions and related cognitive issues in spoken and signed language interpreting: A case study of Obama's inaugural address

This study examined omissions, errors, and variability in lexical selection across simultaneous interpretations of President Obama's 2009 inaugural address, in three spoken languages (French, German, Japanese) and in American Sign Language (ASL) Microanalysis of how information conveyed by 39 source speech lexical items was transferred into the target languages assessed to what extent omissions and errors reflected differences in lexical structure (relative frequency of ready lexical correspondents and of shared cognates between the source and target languages; and, for ASL in particular, size of lexicon compared to English) The highest number of errors and omissions was found in ASL, which has the smallest documented vocabulary, fewest lexical correspondents, and no shared cognates with English. If omission/error rates in interpretation of lexical units are taken as a rough indicator of interpreting difficulty, results suggest that it is more difficult to interpret the speech into Japanese than into French or German and, by the same token, more difficult to interpret it into ASL than into the three spoken languages. These findings are consistent with the idea that language structures impact cognitive load during interpreting, and that interpreting effort increases in relation to the degree of difference between the source and target languages.
Directory based incentive management services for ad hoc mobile clouds
Venue: Int. J. Inf. Manag.

Display Omitted We present a directory based framework for incentives management of mobile device resources in ad hoc mobile cloud environment.We measure the incentives in energy consumption and energy saved not in Monterey bills.We equalized the incentives using third party settlement of energy consumptions according to the directory valuations.We present future application and business prospects utilizing the proposed framework. Mobile cloud computing is envisioned as a promising approach to augment the computational capabilities of mobile devices for emerging resource intensive mobile applications. This augmentation is generally achieved through the capabilities of stationary resources in cloud data centers. However, these resources are mostly not free and sometimes not available. Mobile devices are becoming powerful day by day and can form a self organizing mobile ad hoc network of nearby devices and offer their resources as on demand services to available nodes in the network. In the ad hoc mobile cloud, devices can move after consuming or providing services to one another. During this process, the problem of incentives arises for a node to provide service to another device (or other devices) in the network, which ultimately decreases the motivation of the mobile device to form an ad hoc mobile cloud. To solve this problem, we propose a directory based architecture that keeps track of the retribution and reward valuations (in terms of energy saved and consumed) for devices even after they move from one ad hoc environment to another. From simulation results, we infer that this framework increases the motivation for mobile devices to form a self organizing proximate mobile cloud network and to share their resources in the network.
Personal and other factors affecting acceptance of smartphone technology by older Chinese adults.
Venue: Applied ergonomics

It has been well documented that in the 21st century, there will be relatively more older people around the world than in the past. Also, it seems that technology will expand in this era at an unprecedented rate. Therefore, it is of critical importance to understand the factors that influence the acceptance of technology by older people. The positive impact that the use of mobile applications can have for older people was confirmed by a previous study (Plaza et al. 2011) The study reported here aimed to explore and confirm, for older adults in China, the key influential factors of smartphone acceptance, and to describe the personal circumstances of Chinese older adults who use smartphone. A structured questionnaire and face to face individual interviews were used with 120 Chinese older adults (over 55) Structural Equation Modeling was used to confirm a proposed smartphone acceptance model based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) The results showed that those who were younger, with higher education, non widowed, with better economic condition related to salary or family support were more likely to use smartphone. Also, cost was found to be a critical factor influencing behavior intention. Self satisfaction and facilitating conditions were proved to be important factors influencing perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.
Backstepping Control of Electro Hydraulic System Based on Extended State Observer With Plant Dynamics Largely Unknown
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

In this paper, an output position feedback control of the electro hydraulic system (EHS) is proposed based on an extended state observer (ESO) with backstepping. On the basis of the augmented state model of the EHS, the ESO is designed to handle the unknown load disturbance and uncertain nonlinearity. Then, an observer bandwidth constraint is derived to compromise between the dynamic performance and the maximal load capability of EHS. The effectiveness of the proposed control for the suppression of largely unknown disturbances has been demonstrated by comparative experimental study, which indicates the proposed approach can achieve better dynamic performance on the motion control of two degree of freedom robotic arm.
ChiCaRo: Tele presence Robot for Interacting with Babies and Toddlers
Venue: HAI

This paper reports a tele presence robot named ChiCaRo, which is designed for interaction with babies and toddlers. ChiCaRo can physically interact with babies and toddlers by moving around and using its small hand. We conducted a field trial at a playroom where babies and toddlers can freely play to investigate ChiCaRo's effectiveness. In the experiment adult participants interacted with their babies and toddlers by ChiCaRo and another robot. The adult participants evaluated ChiCaRo highly in the context of remote interaction with their babies and toddlers.
Model predictive control of incremental sheet forming for geometric accuracy improvement

Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a highly flexible sheet forming process, but it suffers from poor geometric accuracy. This paper presents a feedback control strategy using model predictive control (MPC) to obtain improved geometric accuracy in ISF. Based on the incremental deformation mechanism of ISF, a novel model for shape state prediction has been proposed. The step depth of the toolpath was optimised based on shape state feedback during the forming process. Two different cases were studied for experimental validation of the developed control strategy. Comparisons between formed parts in both controlled and uncontrolled ISF processes were implemented in terms of cross sectional profiles, formed depth at the bottom area and global deviation distribution. Results show that the geometric accuracy in ISF with feedback control has been greatly improved at the bottom area of the formed parts compared with a standard ISF approach without control. Improved geometric accuracy has been achieved on the wall of the parts as well.