nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of vulnerability and risks for schizophrenia: Beyond the two hit hypothesis
Venue: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews

Schizophrenia risk has often been conceptualized using a model which requires two hits in order to generate the clinical phenotype the first as an early priming in a genetically predisposed individual and the second a likely environmental insult. The aim of this paper was to review the literature and reformulate this binary risk vulnerability model. We sourced the data for this narrative review from the electronic database PUBMED. Our search terms were not limited by language or date of publication. The development of schizophrenia may be driven by genetic vulnerability interacting with multiple vulnerability factors including lowered prenatal vitamin D exposure, viral infections, smoking intelligence quotient, social cognition cannabis use, social defeat, nutrition and childhood trauma. It is likely that these genetic risks, environmental risks and vulnerability factors are cumulative and interactive with each other and with critical periods of neurodevelopmental vulnerability. The development of schizophrenia is likely to be more complex and nuanced than the binary two hit model originally proposed nearly thirty years ago. Risk appears influenced by a more complex process involving genetic risk interfacing with multiple potentially interacting hits and vulnerability factors occurring at key periods of neurodevelopmental activity, which culminate in the expression of disease state. These risks are common across a number of neuropsychiatric and medical disorders, which might inform common preventive and intervention strategies across non communicable disorders.
Toward trusted, social aware D2D connectivity: bridging across the technology and sociality realms
Venue: IEEE Wireless Communications

Driven by the unprecedented increase of mobile data traffic, D2D communications technology is rapidly moving into the mainstream of the 5G networking landscape. While D2D connectivity originally emerged as a technology enabler for public safety services, it is likely to remain at the heart of the 5G ecosystem by spawning a wide diversity of proximate applications and services. In this work, we argue that the widespread adoption of the direct communications paradigm is unlikely without embracing the concepts of trust and social aware cooperation between end users and network operators. However, such adoption remains conditional on identifying adequate incentives that engage humans and their connected devices in a plethora of collective activities. To this end, the mission of our research is to advance the vision of social aware and trusted D2D connectivity, as well as to facilitate its further adoption. We begin by reviewing the various types of underlying incentives with the emphasis on sociality and trust, discuss these factors specifically for humans and for networked devices (machines) and also propose a novel framework allowing construction of much needed incentive aware D2D applications. Our supportive system level performance evaluations suggest that trusted and social aware direct connectivity has the potential to decisively augment network performance. We conclude by outlining the future perspectives of its development across the research and standardization sectors.
D2D Fogging: An Energy Efficient and Incentive Aware Task Offloading Framework via Network assisted D2D Collaboration
Venue: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

In this paper, we propose device to device (D2D) Fogging, a novel mobile task offloading framework based on network assisted D2D collaboration, where mobile users can dynamically and beneficially share the computation and communication resources among each other via the control assistance by the network operators. The purpose of D2D Fogging is to achieve energy efficient task executions for network wide users. To this end, we propose an optimization problem formulation that aims at minimizing the time average energy consumption for task executions of all users, meanwhile taking into account the incentive constraints of preventing the over exploiting and free riding behaviors which harm user's motivation for collaboration. To overcome the challenge that future system information such as user resource availability is difficult to predict, we develop an online task offloading algorithm, which leverages Lyapunov optimization methods and utilizes the current system information only. As the critical building block, we devise corresponding efficient task scheduling policies in terms of three kinds of system settings in a time frame. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed online algorithm not only achieves superior performance (e.g. it reduces approximately 30% 40% energy consumption compared with user local execution) but also adapts to various situations in terms of task type, user amount, and task frequency.
Caching based socially aware D2D communications in wireless content delivery networks: a hypergraph framework
Venue: IEEE Wireless Communications

The emergence of the D2D communications paradigm has transformed the way in which cellular networks are operated. Previous work in D2D communications, however, mainly focused on interference management and capacity maximization of both D2D links and cellular links. Recent literature has observed that the QoE can be greatly enhanced by caching contents in mobile devices, with a carefully designed caching strategy. In this article, we propose a novel hypergraph framework that designs the caching based D2D communication scheme by taking social ties among users and common interests into consideration. We first present the considered features of the D2D transmission scheme, social characteristics consideration, and interest similarity impact. The key concepts of hypergraph and related techniques, such as hypergraph coloring and multidimensional matching, are explained. Then some design issues with simulation results in the proposed framework are discussed in detail, which show the potential of the proposed approach. By jointly considering social ties, common interests, and the D2D transmission scheme, we believe the proposed framework explores new opportunities and future directions in caching based socially aware D2D communications.
Trace elements in Camellia sinensis marketed in southeastern Brazil: Extraction from tea leaves to beverages and dietary exposure

The presence of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn in 30 samples of tea (Camellia sinensis) purchased from markets in southeastern Brazil were evaluated by ICP MS. This study was performed for both tea leaves and their infusions. The results provide data that permits an evaluation of the exposure or dietary intake of these trace elements. For some samples, the levels in the tea leaves were above the standards established by the Brazilian and MERCOSUL regulatory bodies. For example, As was detected in 33% of the red oolong tea samples and Pb was detected in 67% and 100% of the white and red oolong samples, respectively. Although some of these tea leave samples possessed high toxic elements levels, the concentrations of the trace elements in the infusions were measured to be at safe levels. An evaluation of dietary intake demonstrated the remarkable importance of tea in achieving the daily intake of manganese. Indeed, a single cup of green tea may provide 16% of the daily value established by FDA. Principal component analysis classified the tea into three distinct groups on the basis of the inorganic constituents in the tea leaves.
Dental Erosion by Beverages and Determination of Trace Elements in Teeth by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

The analysis of trace elements in human tooth for use as biomarkers continues to generate considerable interest in environmental and bioanalytical studies, medical diagnostic and forensic science. This study investigated concentrations of essential and toxic elements (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co and Cd) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and (Na and K) flame atomic emission spectroscopy (FAES) in human tooth obtained from Misan province, Iraq. The influence of smoking habits and born children on the levels of trace elements in additional to dental erosion by some beverages in the tooth samples were investigated. The overall of mean concentrations of (Zn 185.2 ppm, Cu 36.11 ppm, Pb 18.63 ppm, Ni 13.44 ppm, Co 3.45 ppm, and Cd 0.58 ppm, Na 11.683 ppm and K 115.27 ppm) (Zn 178.243 ppm, Cu 35.877 ppm, Pb 15.64 ppm, Ni 12.89 ppm, Co 3.421 ppm, Cd 0.455 ppm, Na 11,558.04 ppm and K 114.04 ppm) in smokers and non smokers tooth groups respectively, (Zn 81.12 ppm, Cu 24.37 ppm, Pb 11.18 ppm, Ni 13.68 ppm, Co 3.32 ppm, Cd 0.44 ppm, Na 8227 ppm and K 76.42 ppm) (Zn 80.58 ppm, Cu 24.30 ppm, Pb 10.86 ppm, Ni 12.74 ppm, Co 2.71 ppm, Cd 0.23 ppm, Na 8165 ppm and K 72.80 ppm) in mothers and wives tooth groups respectively. However the w/w% loss of tooth immersed in following order of beverages (green tea, black tea, cinnamon, hibiscus, vinegar and citrus aurantifolia (9.09, 9.68, 12.36, 15.01, 16.77 and 17.38) (8.19, 8.25, 9.76, 13.37, 14.02 and 15.33) in smokers and non smokers groups respectively, (11.25, 11.47, 13.30, 15.75, 19.58, and 20.91) (8.31, 7.96, 11.39, 13.49, 17.40, and 17.67) in mothers and wives groups respectively. However, there is a statistically significant variance found Zn (tcal 5.029, ttab 2.131) Pb (tcal 4.8538, ttab 2.131) Ni (tcal 5.243, ttab 2.131) Cd (tcal 3.9062, ttab 2.131) and Na (tcal 3.0832, ttab 2.131) between smokers and non smokers tooth groups. However, the Co (tcal 2.7403, ttab 2.131) also shows statistically significant variance between mothers and wives groups. There is no statistically significant variance in w/w% loss after immersed the tooth in some beverages but in general it was higher in smokers than non smokers and in mothers higher than wives.
Performance modeling of next generation WiFi networks
Venue: Comput. Networks

The industry is satisfying the increasing demand for wireless bandwidth by densely deploying a large number of access points which are centrally managed, e.g. enterprise WiFi networks deployed in university campuses, companies, airports etc. This "small cell" architecture is gaining traction in the cellular world as well, as witnessed by the direction in which 4G+ and 5G standardization is moving. Prior academic work in analyzing such large scale wireless networks either uses oversimplified models for the physical layer, or ignores other important, real world aspects of the problem, like MAC layer considerations, topology characteristics, and protocol overhead. On the other hand, for deployment purposes the industry is using on site surveys and simulation tools which do not scale, cannot efficiently optimize the design of such a network, and do not explain why one design choice is better than another.In this paper we introduce an analytical model which combines the realism and practicality of industrial simulation tools with the ability to scale, analyze the effect of various design parameters, and optimize the performance of real world deployments. The model takes into account all central system parameters, including channelization, power allocation, user scheduling, load balancing, MAC, advanced PHY techniques (single and multi user MIMO as well as cooperative transmission from multiple access points) topological characteristics and protocol overhead. The accuracy of the model is verified via extensive simulations and the model is used to study a wide range of real world scenarios, providing design guidelines on the effect of various design parameters on performance.
Predominance of Gastrointestinal Protozoan Parasites in Children: A Brief Review

Intestinal parasitic infections are among the major diseases of concern to public health throughout the world  About 25% of world's population suffers from one or more kinds of intestinal parasitic infections (helminthes/protozoa) Children because of their complex nutritional requirements and less developed immune systems are observed to be the principal sufferers of these parasitic infections  Moreover, they have an extremely delicate physiology which can result in severe upsetting of their biochemical and physiological processes associated with these infections. Intestinal protozoan parasites can affect children in a variety of ways; they cause mal absorption, reduced growth, increased risk for protein energy malnutrition, reduced psychomotor development and anemia. This report addresses Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba as the main parasitic protozoa of concern among children worldwide.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites from fingernails of primary school going children of district Lahore

Intestinal parasitic infections are widely distributed throughout the world and children are the most affected population. In primary schools environments children have proven to be more susceptible for acquiring Intestinal parasites (IP) through fingernails. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children of primary schools of district Lahore. 300 nail samples were collected from primary school children of different ages and sexes. The parasites were isolated from the fingernail dirt of both sexes and prevalence was recorded. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The prevalence of parasites was presented as descriptive statistics, while the relationship between several variables (age, gender, educational levels) and presence of parasites was determined by chi square test. The level of significance used was P<0.05. The highest prevalence was observed for Enterobius vermicularis, was (23.8% whereas lowest prevalence was found for Taenia saginata, (4.76% The other parasites found were, Trichuris trichiura, (9.52% Ascaris lumbricoides, (9.52% Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli (14.28% Giardia lamblia, (14.28% and Hymenolepis nana, (9.52% Overall prevalence was found to be 21% Key words: Intestinal parasites, parasitic diseases, primary schools children, prevalence.
Flexible Lamination Fabricated Ultra High Frequency Diodes Based on Self Supporting Semiconducting Composite Film of Silicon Micro Particles and Nano Fibrillated Cellulose
Venue: Scientific reports

Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self adhesive composite films of silicon micro particles (Si mPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) NFC, Si mPs and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self supporting nanocellulose silicon composite film after drying. This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni coated carbon tape top contact. A Schottky junction is established between the Al electrode and the Si mPs. The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm2, a current rectification ratio up to 4 x 103 between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut off frequency of 1.8 GHz. Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. This provides us with reconfigurable GHz operating diode circuits.
Preparation of nanocellulose from micro crystalline cellulose: The effect on the performance and properties of agar based composite films.
Venue: Carbohydrate polymers

A facile approach has been performed to prepare nanocellulose (NC) from micro crystalline cellulose (MCC) and test their effect on the performance properties of agar based composite films. The NC was characterized by STEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA. The NC was well dispersed in distilled water after sonication and their size was in the range of 100 500nm. The XRD results revealed the crystallinity of NC. The crystallinity index of NC (0.71) was decreased compared to the MCC (0.81) The effect of NC or MCC content (1, 3, 5 and 10wt% based on agar) on the mechanical, water vapor permeability (WVP) and thermal properties of the composites were studied. The NC obtained from MCC can be used as a reinforcing agent for the preparation of biodegradable composites films for their potential use in the development of biodegradable food packaging materials.
A Clean Slate ID/Locator Split Architecture for Future Network

One of the most important problems of today's Internet is scalable routing. Proposed solutions for this issue are centered on the idea of splitting the network node's identifier (ID) from its topological location. In this paper we present the basic design of a clean slate ID/locator split architecture (CILSA) for future network. Our design separates ID architecture from locator architecture. A new hierarchical locator based on port is first introduced and the ID/locator splitting happened in network layer, which is distributed realized by the architecture not depend on additional equipment. In order to show benefits of proposed scheme, we analyze solutions in our CILSA under connection setup scenario. Some evaluations are also invested for the proposed CILSA.
Sustainable Ecotourism Development In The Muslim Community After The Impact Of The Tsunami Disaster In 2004: A Case Study In Bang Rong Village, Phuket Province, Thailand

This paper deals with sustainable ecotourism development of Muslim communities after the tsunami disaster in Bang Rong Village Phuket Province, Thailand. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of ecotourism which occurred before and after the tsunami disaster by considering 3 criteria: social, economic and the environment. This study also identified potentials of some ecotourism attraction for sustainable ecotourism development. The baseline for sustainable ecotourism indicators that is beneficial in suggesting potential ecotourism attractions were established based on a sustainable development model. There were 66 comprehensive indicators based on physical and ecological characteristics, ecosystem management in tourism attraction, value and importance of tourism attraction, education, spirituality and religious traditions management, participation in conservation, community economic, and policy compliance used in the model. The population sampling groups are government agencies and local authorities based on an in depth interview of 18 candidates with 6 key persons of tourism business stakeholders, and 361 questionnaires distributed among local people and tourists. The results of this ecotourism attraction potentials assessment, and the impact of ecotourism on the Muslim community, can suggest a specific approach to seven dimensions or theme models for sustainable ecotourism development.
Fitness Changes After an 8 Week Fitness Coaching Program at a Regional Youth Detention Facility
Venue: Journal of correctional health care the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care

A Surgeon General's report states that there is a favorable relationship between exercise and chronic disease. Research suggests that exercise programs for elderly inmates may have a positive effect on the number of infirmary visits, which in turn may have a long term effect on inmate health care costs. This exploratory descriptive double case study sought to add to the minimal information in peer reviewed research journals by examining the effects of fitness coaching on two juveniles at a youth detention facility in Southwest Montana. The results showed that both participants made fitness improvements following the 8 week program and both perceived positive effects on self concept and overall sense of well being from participating in this program.
Engagement in Play Activities as a Means for Youth in Detention to Acquire Life Skills.
Venue: Occupational therapy international

This study describes how occupational therapists in a community based programme, Occupational Therapy Training Program (OTTP) use play activities to facilitate the acquisition of life skills by youth in detention. This pilot study explored the extent of engagement of male and female inmates aged 14 to 18 years old in structured play activities on topics such as interpersonal relationships, self awareness, cultural celebrations and the transition to community. Retrospective analysis of data collected from surveys using the Engagement in OTTP Activities Questionnaire (EOAQ) completed by youth participants at the end of each group session, was used to measure the extent of occupational engagement. Worksheets and artworks produced by OTTP participants during those group sessions were also analysed. The participants reported very high engagement in OTTP. Engagement scores for male participants were higher than those for female participants, and male and female participants had higher engagement scores for different activities. Over 90% of the worksheets and artworks were found to be complete and relevant to the topic of the session. Play activities could be an appropriate way for occupational therapists to encourage youth in detention to acquire life skills. Demographic information and the actual number of participants are unknown because of how the existing data were collected. Future studies examining the potential gender related preferences for specific topics deserve further investigation as well as research comparing the youth's engagement in OTTP interventions using play activities to other group interventions.
Biopsychosocial Causes of Suicide and Suicide Prevention Outcome Studies in Juvenile Detention Facilities: A Review
Venue: Psychiatric Quarterly

To identify various biopsychosocial risk factors associated with suicidality in juvenile detention facilities and the effectiveness of suicide prevention protocols currently in use. Medical literature searches were conducted using databases like Pub Med, Ovid, and Google Scholar to identify studies conducted in and outside of United States. The prevalence of suicide among youth imprisoned at detention facilities has risen. Psychiatric disorders are common among such population, making them vulnerable to suicidal tendencies. Suicide risk screening within first 24 h of admission to the detention facility has shown to lower the risk of suicide. Identification of high risk individuals and their further psychiatric assessment is advocated. Much of work with regards to screening tools and instruments is underway and further study is required to get a better understanding.
Tunable resistive pulse sensing: potential applications in nanomedicine.
Venue: Nanomedicine

An accurate characterization of nanomaterials used in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics is of paramount importance to realize the full potential of nanotechnology in medicine and to avoid unexpected and potentially harmful toxic effects due to these materials. A number of technical modalities are currently in use to study the physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials but they all have advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we discuss the potential of a relative newcomer, tunable resistive pulse sensing, for the characterization of nanomaterials and its applications in nanodiagnostics.