nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Availability of apicoectomy information online

The aim of this study is to ascertain the quality of information available to the public on the Internet regarding the apicoectomy procedure utilising common internet search terms.  The five most widely used UK Internet search engines were utilised, searching for the term 'apicoectomy OR root end surgery' The first 10 website links brought up on each search engine were then investigated for their contents. The indication for the procedure, details regarding the procedure technique, potential complications and treatment prognosis were all assessed. The topics were evaluated with a scoring system of 0 2 regarding the quality of information contained as compared with the apicoectomy information published on the British Association of Oral Surgeons (BAOS) website. A Flesch Reading Ease Score was also used to assess readability.  All 50 websites were easily accessible (100% Two per cent had any form of accreditation by a healthcare website accreditation organisation. Eighty two per cent were targeted at the general public rather than healthcare professionals. Seventy two per cent had an unspecified author with no obvious affiliation. Eight per cent contained any form of reference. Generally, the complications and prognosis of the apicoectomy procedure were poorly covered, with the indications and technique scoring higher.  The information currently available to patients on the apicoectomy procedure is generally of substandard quality, lacking in terms of content and accreditation. Important facts which are central to the decision making process for patients concerning potential complications and long term outcomes are particularly poorly covered.
Models for evaluating the resource integration capability of textile enterprise with hesitant fuzzy uncertain linguistic information
Venue: J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst.

As the basic necessities of human life, food, clothing, housing and transportation are of great importance to everyone, and the changes in these essential requirements of people can clearly manifest the development level of a society. China is a dominant textile producer in the world, with the textile export accounting for a large proportion of its overall trade export. In recent years, however, our textile export has encountered great challenges from both home and abroad. On the one hand, Green Barrier has raised its limits to China's textile export; on the other hand, people have laid a greater emphasis on environmental protection and their health, both of which call for advanced technology in the field of ecological textile. Yet the fact is that the development of China's ecological textile is still confined to the use of innocuous raw materials and its processing confined to the category of cleaner production and industrial communities. In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems for evaluating the resource integration capability of textile enterprise with hesitant fuzzy uncertain linguistic information. Then, motivated by the ideal of traditional power geometric aggregation operator, we have developed hesitant fuzzy uncertain linguistic power weighted geometric (HFULPWG) operator. Then, we have utilized hesitant fuzzy uncertain linguistic power weighted geometric (HFULPWG) operator to develop some approaches to solve the hesitant fuzzy uncertain linguistic multiple attribute decision making problems. Finally, a practical example for evaluating the resource integration capability of textile enterprise is given to verify the developed approach.
Metacognitive Awareness of Third Year Chinese Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Wuhan University of Science and Technology: Preliminary Evaluation and Implications for Training of Life long Learners

Assessing and improving metacognitive awareness in pharmay students is essential to maintain lifelong competency of pharmacists and high quality care for their patients.  This preliminary study aimed to investigate the acquisition of metacognitive awareness and self assessment as a predictor/estimator of scores on a summative examination in 57 third year Chinese undergraduate pharmacy students in Wuhan University of Science and Technology.  The 30 item Meta cognitions Questionnaire (MCQ 30) was used to assess students' metacognitive beliefs. Before administration of examination, students were required to complete a percentage correct scale for self quantifying their potential performance, and students were also provided estimates of their performance after completing the examination.  The mean score of MCQ 30 was 76.95, and there were no significant differences in MCQ 30 scores according to gender and age, except that males scored 2.03 points higher than females in the "Need for control over thoughts" subscale. However, only 33.3% of students correctly predicted their total scores before exam, and the differences between actual and estimated performance after exam were statistically significant. In general, respondent pharmacy students have under predicted their performance before the exam, but over estimated their performance after exam. Moreover, students who accurately or under predicted their performance before exam had higher MCQ 30 scores than over predicted students.  It is necessary to explore effective educational methods to help Chinese pharmacy students to practically develop metacognitive awareness and skills by creating awareness of their existing knowledge.
Australasian partnership in a first year engineering course: Deakin University and Wuhan University of Science and Technology

This paper presents the results of domestic Chinese undergraduate engineering course taught by international Australasian teaching staff. The project is a part of a teaching collaboration between Deakin University and Wuhan University of Science and Technology. The cohort of students from Wuhan was a freshman undergraduate engineering course in mechanical engineering. The particular subject was a freshman engineering materials course taught in English. The course covered an introduction to material science principles and practices. A survey was used for evaluating student perceptions. It is aimed that this study will help academics from Deakin University to better understand student experiences, and to identify the current challenges and barriers faced in student learning. Analysis of the survey has shown that 90% of students agreed that they were motivated to learn and achieve the learning goals through this collaborative program. Around 90% of students found that group based practical activities were helpful in achieving learning goals. Overall, 90% of students strongly agreed they were satisfied with the method of teaching.
The descriptive epidemiology of DSM IV Adult ADHD in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys
Venue: ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

AbstractWe previously reported on the cross national epidemiology of ADHD from the first 10 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. The current report expands those previous findings to the 20 nationally or regionally representative WMH surveys that have now collected data on adult ADHD. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to 26,744 respondents in these surveys in high upper middle and low /lower middle income countries (68.5% mean response rate) Current DSM IV/CIDI adult ADHD prevalence averaged 2.8% across surveys and was higher in high (3.6% and upper middle (3.0% than low /lower middle (1.4% income countries. Conditional prevalence of current ADHD averaged 57.0% among childhood cases and 41.1% among childhood subthreshold cases. Adult ADHD was significantly related to being male, previously married, and low education. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with DSM IV/CIDI anxiety, mood, behavior, and substance disorders and significantly associated with role impairments (days out of role, impaired cognition, and social interactions) when controlling for comorbidities. Treatment seeking was low in all countries and targeted largely to comorbid conditions rather than to ADHD. These results show that adult ADHD is prevalent, seriously impairing, and highly comorbid but vastly under recognized and undertreated across countries and cultures.
Islam and Muslims in U.S. Think Tank Electronic Media: Framing, Narrative, and Ethics

This paper draws on framing theory and narrative theory as two influential theoretical approaches to the analysis of discourse and communication. It looks into the discourse processes and ethics of framing particular media stories and constructing particular narratives about Islam and Muslims in the official website of the Middle East Forum (MEF) a well established neoconservative American think tank which specializes in the Middle East. The study examines a representative sample of articles from the website and proposes a model of editorial media discourse analysis based on a problem solution framing paradigm and a narrative ethical evaluation platform. Findings uncover that the problemsolution frame, which is built on a problem culprit cause solution base and which represents the frame's cognitive structure is systematically utilized. Four types of framing (religious, political, cultural, and military) two forms (verbal and semiotic) and two functions (persecution and isolation) have been detected, constructing persecutive narratives of Muslims as the villains and of Islam as antiWestern, anti Semitic, and incompatible with modernity. The ethical evaluation shows that these belligerent narratives violate basic standards of ethics and dialogue.
Assisted Reproduction Across Borders. Feminist Perspectives on Normalizations, Disruptions and Transmissions Editorial Introduction

The introduction presents the rationale and main aims of the co edited volume. It explains the starting points that assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) in the 21st century are no longer 'new technology' or cutting edge science but are rather regarded as mundane practice, and that the reproductive possibilities opened by ARTs from commercialized transnational traffic in eggs, sperm, embryos and gestational labour to new queer family buildings continue to make legislators perplex and create moral dilemmas leading to all kinds of restrictions and exclusionary practices. Against this background, the main purpose is defined as taking stock of this complex situation, and look at the contradictions, disruptions and renegotiations which it generates a purpose which gives rise to the framing of two more specific aims: 1) to study the social and cultural aspects of ARTs as something that is integrated into both public health services and people's understanding of common ways to achieve pregnancy, 2) and to do so against the background of data gathered from a wide array of social, cultural and geopolitical contexts, combining a European focus with a strong global outlook, which opens possibilities to reflect on the workings of different local constraints and enablings. The chapter also provides a detailed reflection on the complementary perspectives of the differently located contributions and the ways they each address one of five overall themes: transnational reproflows, national constraints and conditions, religious and other kinds of fundamentalism, demographic agendas and biopolitics, and 'new normals' and their discontents, considered important for a general understanding of policies, discourses and practices of ARTs in the contemporary world.
Variation in individual worker honey bee behavior shows hallmarks of personality
Venue: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

The existence of personalities has been explored in various invertebrates, but a comprehensive investigation of personality differences across individuals in a eusocial insect has not yet been conducted. The study of personality differences across individuals within the same behavioral caste may contribute to an understanding of how social insects divide labor within the nest. Here, we define and investigate three dimensions of personality within the worker caste of a model social insect, the honey bee Apis mellifera, as follows: (1) consistent individual behavioral differences over time, (2) consistent individual behavioral differences across contexts, and (3) the presence of correlated suites of behaviors. To test whether honey bee workers exhibit dimensions 1 and 2, we repeatedly assessed responses of groups of same age bees in cages to stimuli that are relevant to bee life history. To test for dimension 3, we examined behavior within a colony context by using observation hives to record the behaviors of individual bees across their lifetimes. Our results provide some evidence for all three dimensions of personality in honey bee workers. In particular, our data suggest some individuals may be more likely to be highly interactive with other workers (e.g. engaging in food sharing) while other individuals are consistently less interactive. These findings expand upon and contribute to previous models for the organization of worker division of labor in honey bees, suggesting that consistent behavioral differences (personalities) of workers within a behavioral caste have the potential to contribute to subcaste division of labor. statementBehavioral ecologists have become increasingly interested in animal personalities, individual behavioral differences that are consistent over time and in different contexts, with recent focus on understanding the occurrence of personalities across taxa and their adaptive value. The existence and function of personality differences among individuals in complex societies, such as eusocial insects, remain understudied. Here, we provide the first comprehensive investigation of whether workers of the highly eusocial honey bee show hallmarks of personality. Although these workers demonstrate well documented behavioral changes as they age, we uncovered some aspects of their behavior, in particular, their tendency to physically interact with other bees, remain somewhat consistent even as they age and change roles within the colony. We suggest that individual level personality differences have the potential to contribute to colony division of labor by creating variation in individual tendencies to perform different tasks.
Seasonal availability of floral resources and ambient temperature shape stingless bee foraging behavior (Scaptotrigona aff. depilis)
Venue: Apidologie

The foraging success of a bee species is related to a combination of climatic factors and resource availability. Here, we analyzed how food storage by the stingless bee Scaptotrigona aff. depilis relates to the seasonal variation in floral resources availability in a tropical environment with two well defined seasons. We found a positive relationship between the amount of food stored and resource availability, suggesting that colonies intensify food collection in the season with higher food availability (rainy season) This ensures the perennial state of stingless bee colonies during the dry season (food scarcity and lower ambient temperatures) Bees collected pollen from at least 60 plant species, but food pots were dominated by just nine plants. Additionally, S. aff depilis attempted to unevenly use the plant species for food storage in the rainy season, which indicates that the colonies maximize their food intake as soon as resources are available.
Future directions for community engagement as a public health approach to palliative care in Australia

The origins of contemporary public health approaches to palliative and end of life care can be traced to Victoria, Australia. The work of Allan Kellehear and the palliative care unit at La Trobe University proved seminal, and this continues to grow. But while the growth of compassionate communities continues internationally, both challenges and opportunities remain for communities in Australia. In this context, we discuss future directions for community engagement as a public health approach to palliative care. Drawing from examples of community activities and from the literature, we highlight the use of arts and social media as an emerging strength from which to build. Through the lens of positive education, we propose a positive paradigm for death education in schools to promote positive dying. The relevance and potential contribution of appreciative inquiry is then explored as an asset based public health approach to support sustainable community development. Collective action towards these future directions will contribute to the continued flourishing of public health approaches to palliative care in Australia.
Perceived racial, sexual identity, and homeless status related discrimination among Black adolescents and young adults experiencing homelessness: Relations with depressive symptoms and suicidality.
Venue: The American journal of orthopsychiatry

There is a dearth of empirical evidence that addresses how racial minority, sexual minority, and homeless statuses, with their accompanying experiences of stigma and discrimination, are related to mental health in adolescent and young adult populations. The current study addresses this gap by examining the associations between multiple forms of discrimination, depressive symptoms, and suicidality in a sample of 89 Black adolescents and young adults (52% female; 47% nonheterosexual, ages 16 24) experiencing homelessness. Results from a series of ordinary least squares and logistic regressions suggested that perceived homelessness stigma and racial discrimination were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, controlling for gender, age, and other types of discrimination, while perceived sexual identity discrimination showed no association. Having ever spent a homeless night on the street, an indicator of homelessness severity, accounted for a substantial amount of the association between homelessness stigma and depressive symptoms. In contrast, suicidality was not significantly associated with any measure of discrimination, homelessness severity, or personal characteristics. We also found no indication that the associations between perceived discrimination targeted at racial and homelessness statuses and mental health differed by sexual minority status. Our results suggest that depressive symptoms and suicidality are prevalent among Black homeless youth, and that depressive symptoms are particularly associated with racial discrimination and indicators of homelessness. The roles of discrimination and a lack of safe housing may be taken into account when designing programs and policies that address the mental health of Black adolescents and young adults experiencing homelessness.
Adverse Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality among Young New Yorkers, Particularly Young Black Women
Venue: PloS one

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality has been on the decline in the United States for decades. However, declines in IHD mortality have been slower in certain groups, including young women and black individuals. Hypothesis Trends in IHD vary by age, sex, and race in New York City (NYC) Young female minorities are a vulnerable group that may warrant renewed efforts to reduce IHD.  IHD mortality trends were assessed in NYC 1980 2008. NYC Vital Statistics data were obtained for analysis. Age specific IHD mortality rates and confidence bounds were estimated. Trends in IHD mortality were compared by age and race/ethnicity using linear regression of log transformed mortality rates. Rates and trends in IHD mortality rates were compared between subgroups defined by age, sex and race/ethnicity.  The decline in IHD mortality rates slowed in 1999 among individuals aged 35 54 years but not =55. IHD mortality rates were higher among young men than women age 35 54, but annual declines in IHD mortality were slower for women. Black women age 35 54 had higher IHD mortality rates and slower declines in IHD mortality than women of other race/ethnicity groups. IHD mortality trends were similar in black and white men age 35 54.  The decline in IHD mortality rates has slowed in recent years among younger, but not older, individuals in NYC. There was an association between sex and race/ethnicity on IHD mortality rates and trends. Young black women may benefit from targeted medical and public health interventions to reduce IHD mortality.
Alternatives to restrictive feeding practices to promote self regulation in childhood: a developmental perspective
Venue: Pediatric obesity

Intake of energy dense snack foods is high among US children. Although the use of restrictive feeding practices has been shown to be counterproductive, there is very limited evidence for effective alternatives to restriction that help children moderate their intake of these foods and that facilitate the development of self regulation in childhood. The developmental literature on parenting and child outcomes may provide insights into alternatives to restrictive feeding practices. This review paper uses a model of parental control from the child development and parenting literatures to (i) operationally define restrictive feeding practices; (ii) summarize current evidence for antecedents and effects of parental restriction use on children's eating behaviours and weight status, and (iii) highlight alternative feeding practices that may facilitate the development of children's self regulation and moderate children's intake of palatable snack foods. We also discuss recent empirical evidence highlighting the role of child temperament and food motivation related behaviours as factors that prompt parents to use restrictive feeding practices and, yet, may increase children's dysregulated intake of forbidden foods.
Robust supervised learning under uncertainty in dataset shift
Venue: ArXiv

When machine learning is deployed in the real world, its performance can be significantly undermined because test data may follow a different distribution from training data. To build a reliable machine learning system in such a scenario, we propose a supervised learning framework that is explicitly robust to the uncertainty of dataset shift. Our robust learning framework is flexible in modeling various dataset shift scenarios. It is also computationally efficient in that it acts as a robust wrapper around existing gradientbased supervised learning algorithms, while adding negligible computational overheads. We discuss practical considerations in robust supervised learning and show the effectiveness of our approach on both synthetic and benchmark datasets.
HIRL: Hierarchical Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Long Horizon Tasks with Delayed Rewards
Venue: ArXiv

Reinforcement Learning (RL) struggles in problems with delayed rewards, and one approach is to segment the task into sub tasks with incremental rewards. We propose a framework called Hierarchical Inverse Reinforcement Learning (HIRL) which is a model for learning sub task structure from demonstrations. HIRL decomposes the task into sub tasks based on transitions that are consistent across demonstrations. These transitions are defined as changes in local linearity w.r.t to a kernel function. Then, HIRL uses the inferred structure to learn reward functions local to the sub tasks but also handle any global dependencies such as sequentiality. We have evaluated HIRL on several standard RL benchmarks: Parallel Parking with noisy dynamics, Two Link Pendulum, 2D Noisy Motion Planning, and a Pinball environment. In the parallel parking task, we find that rewards constructed with HIRL converge to a policy with an 80% success rate in 32% fewer time steps than those constructed with Maximum Entropy Inverse RL (MaxEnt IRL) and with partial state observation, the policies learned with IRL fail to achieve this accuracy while HIRL still converges. We further find that that the rewards learned with HIRL are robust to environment noise where they can tolerate 1 stdev. of random perturbation in the poses in the environment obstacles while maintaining roughly the same convergence rate. We find that HIRL rewards can converge up to 6x faster than rewards constructed with IRL.