nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
WETLAND ASSESSMENT USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) PHOTOGRAMMETRY

The use of Unmanned Arial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is a valuable tool to enhance our understanding of wetlands. Accurate planning derived from this technological advancement allows for more effective management and conservation of wetland areas. This paper presents results of a study that aimed at investigating the use of UAV photogrammetry as a tool to enhance the assessment of wetland ecosystems. The UAV images were collected during a single flight within 2 1/2 hours over a 100 ha area at the Kameelzynkraal farm, Gauteng Province, South Africa. An AKS Y 6 MKII multi rotor UAV and a digital camera on a motion compensated gimbal mount were utilised for the survey. Twenty ground control points (GCPs) were surveyed using a Trimble GPS to achieve geometrical precision and georeferencing accuracy. Structure from Motion (SfM) computer vision techniques were used to derive ultra high resolution point clouds, orthophotos and 3D models from the multi view photos. The geometric accuracy of the data based on the 20 GCP's were 0.018 m for the overall, 0.0025 m for the vertical root mean squared error (RMSE) and an over all root mean square reprojection error of 0.18 pixel. The UAV products were then edited and subsequently analysed, interpreted and key attributes extracted using a selection of tools/ software applications to enhance the wetland assessment. The results exceeded our expectations and provided a valuable and accurate enhancement to the wetland delineation, classification and health assessment which even with detailed field studies would have been difficult to achieve.
Outness, Stigma, and Primary Health Care Utilization among Rural LGBT Populations
Venue: PloS one

Prior studies have noted significant health disadvantages experienced by LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) populations in the US. While several studies have identified that fears or experiences of stigma and disclosure of sexual orientation and/or gender identity to health care providers are significant barriers to health care utilization for LGBT people, these studies have concentrated almost exclusively on urban samples. Little is known about the impact of stigma specifically for rural LGBT populations, who may have less access to quality, LGBT sensitive care than LGBT people in urban centers. Methodology LBGT individuals residing in rural areas of the United States were recruited online to participate in a survey examining the relationship between stigma, disclosure and "outness," and utilization of primary care services. Data were collected and analyzed regarding LGBT individuals' demographics, health care access, health risk factors, health status, outness to social contacts and primary care provider, and anticipated, internalized, and enacted stigmas.  Higher scores on stigma scales were associated with lower utilization of health services for the transgender non binary group, while higher levels of disclosure of sexual orientation were associated with greater utilization of health services for cisgender men.  The results demonstrate the role of stigma in shaping access to primary health care among rural LGBT people and point to the need for interventions focused towards decreasing stigma in health care settings or increasing patients' disclosure of orientation or gender identity to providers. Such interventions have the potential to increase utilization of primary and preventive health care services by LGBT people in rural areas.
Primary Health Care: Potential Home for Family Focused Preventive Interventions.
Venue: American journal of preventive medicine

Family focused prevention programs have been shown to effectively reduce a range of negative behavioral health outcomes but have had limited reach. Three key barriers must be overcome to expand the reach of family focused prevention programs and thereby achieve a significant public health impact. These barriers are (1) current social norms and perceptions of parenting programs; (2) concerns about the expertise and legitimacy of sponsoring organizations to offer parenting advice; and (3) a paucity of stable, sustainable funding mechanisms. Primary healthcare settings are well positioned to overcome these barriers. Recent changes within health care make primary care settings an increasingly favorable home for family focused prevention and suggest possibilities for sustainable funding of family focused prevention programs. This paper discusses the existing advantages of primary care settings and lays out a plan to move toward realizing the potential public health impact of family focused prevention through widespread implementation in primary healthcare settings.
Primary Health Care as a Foundation for Strengthening Health Systems in Low and Middle Income Countries
Venue: Journal of General Internal Medicine

Primary health care (PHC) has been recognized as a core component of effective health systems since the early part of the twentieth century. However, despite notable progress, there remains a large gap between what individuals and communities need, and the quality and effectiveness of care delivered. The Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) was established by an international consortium to catalyze improvements in PHC delivery and outcomes in low and middle income countries through better measurement and sharing of effective models and practices. PHCPI has developed a framework to illustrate the relationship between key financing, workforce, and supply inputs, and core primary health care functions of first contact accessibility, comprehensiveness, coordination, continuity, and person centeredness. The framework provides guidance for more effective assessment of current strengths and gaps in PHC delivery through a core set of 25 key indicators "Vital Signs" Emerging best practices that foster high performing PHC system development are being codified and shared around low and high income countries. These measurement and improvement approaches provide countries and implementers with tools to assess the current state of their PHC delivery system and to identify where cross country learning can accelerate improvements in PHC quality and effectiveness.
Alcohol Use Disorders in Primary Health Care: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go?
Venue: Alcohol and alcoholism

To analyze the current paradigm and clinical practice for dealing with alcohol use disorders (AUD) in primary health care.  Analyses of guidelines and recommendations, reviews and meta analyses.  Many recommendations or guidelines for interventions for people with alcohol use problems in primary health care, from hazardous drinking to AUD, can be summarized in the SBIRT principle: screening for alcohol use and alcohol related problems, brief interventions for hazardous and in some cases harmful drinking, referral to specialized treatment for people with AUD. However, while there is some evidence that these procedures are effective in reducing drinking levels, they are rarely applied in clinical practice in primary health care, and no interventions are initiated, even if the primary care physician had detected problems or AUD. Rather than asking primary health care physicians to conduct interventions which are not typical for medical doctors, we recommend treatment initiation for AUD at the primary health care level. AUD should be treated like hypertension, i.e. with regular checks for alcohol consumption, advice for behavioral interventions in case of consumption exceeding thresholds, and pharmaceutical assistance in case the behavioral interventions were not successful. Minimally, alcohol consumption should be screened for in all situations where there is a co morbidity with alcohol being a potential cause (such as hypertension, insomnia, depression or anxiety disorders)  A paradigm shift is proposed for dealing with problematic alcohol consumption in primary health care, where initiation for treatment for AUD is seen as the central element.
High power all solid state batteries using sulfide superionic conductors

Compared with lithium ion batteries with liquid electrolytes, all solid state batteries offer an attractive option owing to their potential in improving the safety and achieving both high power and high energy densities. Despite extensive research efforts, the development of all solid state batteries still falls short of expectation largely because of the lack of suitable candidate materials for the electrolyte required for practical applications. Here we report lithium superionic conductors with an exceptionally high conductivity (25 mS cm 1 for Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3) as well as high stability ~0 V versus Li metal for Li9.6P3S12) A fabricated all solid state cell based on this lithium conductor is found to have very small internal resistance, especially at 100 C. The cell possesses high specific power that is superior to that of conventional cells with liquid electrolytes. Stable cycling with a high current density of 18 C (charging/discharging in just three minutes; where C is the C rate) is also demonstrated. The development of all solid state batteries requires fast lithium conductors. Here, the authors report a lithium compound, Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3, with an exceptionally high conductivity and demonstrate that all solid state batteries based on the compound have high power densities.
5 V class LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 positive electrode coated with Li3PO4 thin film for all solid state batteries using sulfide solid electrolyte

V class LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 positive electrode particles were coated with amorphous Li 3 PO 4 thin films by the pulsed laser deposition method. The coating significantly decreased electrode electrolyte interfacial resistances in all solid state cells using Li 2 S P 2 S 5 sulfide electrolytes. The cell using Li 3 PO 4 coated LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 successfully operated as a rechargeable battery and showed the reversible capacity of 62 mAh g 1 at high voltage of 4.7 V vs. Li.
Elementary quantum mechanics of the neutron with an electric dipole moment
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

A permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron, a manifestation of the violation of time reversal symmetry in nature, is an important clue to physics beyond the standard model, and is the subject of a number of ongoing large scale experimental efforts. Although, in the absence of external electric fields, the dipole moment must lie along the neutron spin, the neutron dipole moment and spin are independent; e.g. the external electric field in Compton scattering on the neutron induces a component of the dipole moment parallel to the field. How then should one think generally about the neutron electric dipole moment, including time reversal violation, within elementary quantum mechanics, and in particular when interpreting experimental searches for a permanent moment? The neutron, in addition to possibly having a permanent electric dipole moment as a consequence of violation of time reversal invariance, develops an induced electric dipole moment in the presence of an external electric field. We present here a unified nonrelativistic description of these two phenomena, in which the dipole moment operator, D is not constrained to lie along the spin operator. Although the expectation value of D in the neutron is less than 10 13 of the neutron radius, rn, the expectation value of D 2 is of order rn2. We determine the spin motion in external electric and magnetic fields, as used in past and future searches for a permanent dipole moment, and show that the neutron electric polarizability, although entering the neutron energy in an external electric field, does not affect the spin motion. In a simple nonrelativistic model we show that the expectation value of the permanent dipole is, to lowest order, proportional to the product of the time reversal violating coupling strength and the electric polarizability of the neutron.
A Trapped Covalent Intermediate of a Glycoside Hydrolase on the Pathway to Transglycosylation. Insights from Experiments and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Simulations.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

The conversion of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) into transglycosylases (TGs) i.e. from enzymes that hydrolyze carbohydrates to enzymes that synthesize them, represents a promising solution for the large scale synthesis of complex carbohydrates for biotechnological purposes. However, the lack of knowledge about the molecular details of transglycosylation hampers the rational design of TGs. Here we present the first crystallographic structure of a natural glycosyl enzyme intermediate (GEI) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gas2 in complex with an acceptor substrate and demonstrate, by means of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics metadynamics simulations, that it is tuned for transglycosylation (DG( 12 kcal/mol) The 2 OH**nucleophile interaction is found to be essential for catalysis: its removal raises the free energy barrier significantly (11 and 16 kcal/mol for glycosylation and transglycosylation, respectively) and alters the conformational itinerary of the substrate (from (4)C1 (4)E] (1,4)B/(4)E to (4)C1 (4)H3] (4)C1) Our results suggest that changes in the interactions involving the 2 position could have an impact on the transglycosylation activity of several GHs.
Revisiting the Relationship between Financial Development and Child Labor in Developing Countries: Do Inequality and Institutions Matter?

This paper analyzes the relationship between financial development and child labor for a panel of developing countries over the period 1960 to 2004. We find that financial development measured by the ratio of private credit to GDP tends to increase child labor and this result is driven by countries with high level of inequality, above to the mean of the Gini coefficient. This could reflect that with access to credit, households tend to invest in their own farm or family business, raising the opportunity cost of schooling and inducing more working children. These findings are robust to the use of different estimation techniques like instrumental variables strategy and generalized method of moments. But this positive effect is likely to be non nonlinear, especially financial development and education spending are effective in reducing child labor only in countries with better control of corruption. This suggests that better institutions by improving the quality of education services and its return tend to alter the positive impact of financial development which occurs via the high opportunity cost of education.
Consumer behavior in social commerce: A literature review
Venue: Decis. Support Syst.

The emergence of social commerce has brought substantial changes to both businesses and consumers. Hence, understanding consumer behavior in the context of social commerce has become critical for companies that aim to better influence consumers and harness the power of their social ties. Given that research on this issue is new and largely fragmented, it will be theoretically important to evaluate what has been studied and derive meaningful insights through a structured review of the literature. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of social commerce studies to explicate how consumers behave on social networking sites. We classify these studies, discuss noteworthy theories, and identify important research methods. More importantly, we draw upon the stimulus organism response model and the five stage consumer decision making process to propose an integrative framework for understanding consumer behavior in this context. We believe that this framework can provide a useful basis for future social commerce research. This study conducts a literature review of consumer behavior in social commerce.We review the research contexts, theories, and research methods of these studies.We propose a framework to elicit factors in consumers' decision making process.The framework provides novel insights into how consumers behavior in this context.
The role of digital and social media marketing in consumer behavior

This article reviews recently published research about consumers in digital and social media marketing settings. Five themes are identified: (i) consumer digital culture, (ii) responses to digital advertising, (iii) effects of digital environments on consumer behavior, (iv) mobile environments, and (v) online word of mouth (WOM) Collectively these articles shed light from many different angles on how consumers experience, influence, and are influenced by the digital environments in which they are situated as part of their daily lives. Much is still to be understood, and existing knowledge tends to be disproportionately focused on WOM, which is only part of the digital consumer experience. Several directions for future research are advanced to encourage researchers to consider a broader range of phenomena.
Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior

Scant evidence is available on of how social media marketing activities influence brand equity creation and consumers' behavior towards a brand. This research explores these relationships by analyzing pioneering brands in the luxury sector (Burberry, Dior, Gucci, Hermes, and Louis Vuitton) Based on a survey of 845 luxury brand consumers (Chinese, French, Indian, and Italian) who follow the five brands studied on social media, the study develops a structural equation model that helps to address gaps in prior social media branding literature. Specifically, the study demonstrates the links between social media marketing efforts and their consequences (brand preference, price premium, and loyalty) The study measures brands' social media marketing efforts as a holistic concept that incorporates five aspects (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, customization, and word of mouth) Another contribution of the study is that it finds that SMMEs have a significant positive effect on brand equity and on the two main dimensions of brand equity: brand awareness and brand image.
The Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model: How Self Discrepancies Drive Consumer Behavior

Consumer goods and services have psychological value that can equal or exceed their functional value. A burgeoning literature demonstrates that one source of value emerges from the capacity for products to serve as a psychological salve that reduces various forms of distress across numerous domains. This review systematically organizes and integrates the literature on the use of consumer behavior as a means to regulate self discrepancies, or the incongruities between how one currently perceives oneself and how one desires to view oneself (Higgins, 1987) We introduce a Compensatory Consumer Behavior Model to explain the psychological consequences of self discrepancies on consumer behavior. This model delineates five distinct strategies by which consumers cope with self discrepancies: direct resolution, symbolic self completion, dissociation, escapism, and fluid compensation. Finally, the authors raise critical research questions to guide future research endeavors. Overall, the present review provides both a primer on compensatory consumer behavior and sets an agenda for future research.
The Effects of Religion on Consumer Behavior: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda

This article provides a conceptual framework for studying the effects of religion on consumer behavior, with the goal of stimulating future research at the intersection of these two topics. We delineate religion as a multidimensional construct and propose that religion affects consumer psychology and behavior through four dimensions beliefs, rituals, values, and community. For each dimension of religion, we offer definitions and measures, integrate previous findings from research in the psychology, consumer behavior, marketing, and religion literatures, and propose testable future research directions. With this conceptual framework and research agenda, we challenge consumer researchers to ask deeper questions about why religious affiliation and level of religiosity may be driving previously established differences in consumer behavior, and to uncover the psychological mechanisms underlying the effects. This framework complements and extends previous literature and provides a new delineated framework for considering research on the effects of religion on consumer behavior.
Ambient bioaerosol particle dynamics observed during haze and sunny days in Beijing.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

The chemical characteristics of airborne particulate matter (PM) have been extensively studied; however, little information exists for its biological components (bioaerosol) especially during a haze event in mega cities. Herein, we studied the bioaerosol (fluorescent particle) dynamics on both haze and sunny days in Beijing from Dec. 2013 to March 2014 by employing a widely used real time bioaerosol sensor ultraviolet aerodynamic particle spectrometer (UV APS) Firstly, we studied the fluorescent particle (BioPM) concentration and size distributions during three independent haze and three independent sunny days. Secondly, we investigated BioPM dynamics over a two week long monitoring period which included consecutive haze days and alternated sunny days. In addition, we analyzed bacterial community structures and endotoxin levels in the air samples using pyrosequencing and Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) method, respectively. More than 6 fold higher fluorescent particle concentrations up to 5x10(5)/m(3) with peaks at night or early dawn were detected at the time of haze occurrences than those observed on sunny days. When the haze episode progressed for 3 5days, the BioPM concentrations were observed to decrease to the levels that were typically observed on sunny days. In general, ozone levels were found to be elevated at noon, while BioPM, NOx and relative humidity were reduced. Gene sequence analysis revealed no significant difference in abundances and community structures for top 13 bacterial genera between haze and sunny days, yet about twice higher endotoxin levels (12.4EU/m(3) were detected on haze days than on sunny days. The results here facilitate a better understanding of atmospheric fluorescent particle dynamics including those under haze events.
Quality Improvements for Trace Links between Source Code and Requirements
Venue: REFSQ Workshops

Traceability between source code and requirement artifacts is important for various tasks during software development. However, it is a lot of effort to create and maintain traceability links manually. Therefore, semi automatic traceability support is developed.  Traceability research has a strong focus on trace link recovery using information retrieval (IR) techniques. These techniques use the textual similarity of documents to create trace links. The quality according to precision and recall of these techniques is still not satisfying.  Precision and recall can be improved by providing more data as used in IR. In this thesis, we evaluate two new data source types to create trace links. To link two specific artifacts, we exploit existing links in the context of these artifacts. Furthermore, we use the interaction logs of developers for trace link creation between the artifacts the developers touched.  In this paper, we present the research problems as well as the principal solutions to deal with these challenges, our research methodology, and our progress so far.