nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Oral Case Presentation: A Key Tool for Assessment and Teaching in Competency Based Medical Education.
Venue: JAMA

Oral case presentations by trainees to supervisors are core activities in academic hospitals across all disciplines and form a key milestone in US and Canadian educational frameworks. Yet despite their widespread use, there has been limited attention devoted to developing case presentations as tools for structured teaching and assessment. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the challenges in using oral case presentations in medical education, including lack of standardization, high cognitive demands, and the role of trust between supervisor and trainee. We also articulate how, by addressing these tensions, case presentations can play an important role in competency based education, both for assessment of clinical competence and for teaching clinical reasoning. Clinical supervisors are faced with a cognitively demanding exercise when listening to case presentations. Since presentations usually occur alongside clinical care, attending physicians often have to
On combining i vectors and discriminative adaptation methods for unsupervised speaker normalization in DNN acoustic models
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

In automatic speech recognition (ASR) adaptation and adaptive training techniques are used to perform speaker normalization. Previous methods mainly focus on using these techniques in isolation. In contrast, this paper investigates two approaches to improve the ASR performance by combining i vector based speaker adaptive training in deep neural network (DNN) acoustic models with discriminative adaptation techniques. First, we combine these techniques by interpolating the decoding lattices of i vector based systems with the decoding lattices of a discriminatively adapted model. Then, we combine these methods by discriminatively adapting the i vector based system in unsupervised fashion. Our experiments on TED LIUM dataset show that compared with a strong speaker independent baseline, lattice interpolation and adaptation of the i vector systems achieve 12.0% and 15.6% relative improvements, respectively. Moreover, in comparison to the i vector based systems, lattice interpolation reported a 4.5% relative improvement while discriminatively adapting the i vector system reported a 8.3% relative improvement.
Context Adaptive Neural Network for Rapid Adaptation of Deep CNN Based Acoustic Models
Venue: INTERSPEECH

Using auxiliary input features has been seen as one of the most effective ways to adapt deep neural network (DNN) based acoustic models to speaker or environment. However, this approach has several limitations. It only performs compensation of the bias term of the hidden layer and therefore does not fully exploit the network capabilities. Moreover, it may not be well suited for certain types of architectures such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) because the auxiliary features have different time frequency structures from speech features. This paper resolves these problems by extending the recently proposed context adaptive DNN (CA DNN) framework to CNN architectures. A CA DNN is a DNN with one or several layers factorized in sub layers associated with an acoustic context class representing speaker or environment. The output of the factorized layer is obtained as the weighted sum of the contributions of each sub layer, weighted by acoustic context weights that are derived from auxiliary features such as i vectors. Importantly, a CA DNN can compensate both bias and weight matrices. In this paper, we investigate the use of CA DNN for deep CNN based architectures. We demonstrate consistent performance gains for utterance level rapid adaptation on the AURORA4 task over a strong network in network based deep CNN architecture.
Detecting Promotion Campaigns in Query Auto Completion
Venue: CIKM

Query Auto Completion (QAC) aims to provide possible suggestions to Web search users from the moment they start entering a query, which is thought to reduce their physical and cognitive efforts in query formulation. However, the QAC has been misused by malicious users, being transformed into a new form of promotion campaign. These malicious users attack the search engines to replace legitimate auto completion candidate suggestions with manipulated contents. Through this way, they provide a new malicious advertising service to promote their customers' products or services in QAC. To our best knowledge, we are among the first to investigate this new type of Promotion Campaign in QAC (PCQ) Firstly, we look into the causes of PCQ based on practical commercial search query logs. We found that various queries containing certain promotion intents are submitted multiple times to search engines to promote their rankings in QAC. Secondly, an effective promotion query detection framework is proposed by promotion intent propagation on query user bipartite graph, which takes into account the behavioral characteristics of promotion campaigns. Finally, we extend the query detection framework to promotion target detection to identify the consistent promotion target which is the inherent goal of the promotion campaign. Large scale manual annotations on practical data set convey both the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, and an in depth understanding of PCQ.
The Effect of User Charges on Access to Basic Education in Kenya

In Kenya, the right to free basic education was enshrined by law in 2003 and expanded to include secondary schools under the new constitution. The Basic Education Act allows schools to impose other levies with the approval of the Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the County Education Board provided that no child is denied education because of failure to pay such charges. However, this has not been the case. In practice, there are a large number of different "fees" that households have to pay for publicly provided primary and secondary education, including tuition fees, compulsory uniforms, Parent Teacher Association (PTA) dues, and various special fees such as exam fees, and the like which have kept school age going children out of school. These fees are especially difficult for marginalized children such as females, orphans, and the financially underprivileged. For as long as many children of school going age still remain out of school, the achievement of vision 2030 remains a mirage since education and training of all Kenyans is an important ingredient under the social pillar in the realization of this vision. It is therefore recommended that, the government should meet the full costs of boarding in secondary schools in order to redress the imbalance between low and high social economic status families, provide adequate teaching and learning resources in public primary, and review the current capitation grant at both sub sectors.
Bilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy and unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy following lumbar discectomy: A case report.
Venue: European journal of anaesthesiology

Having started with depositing 5 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% around each nerve, the 1 ml per nerve volume was reached by the fifth recruited patient. Successful surgical anaesthesia was accomplished in the next eight consecutive patients with the same volume. No immediate adverse event related to the nerve blocks, that is vascular injury or signs of local anaesthetic toxicity, was noted. Sensory block onset times (median value and interquartile range) for musculocutaneous, median, ulnar and radial nerves were 10 (5 10) 10 (5 20) 10 (5 15) and 10 (5 20) min, whereas motor block onset times were 10 (5 10) 15 (10 15) 10 (10 15) and 10 (5 15) min, respectively. All but one nerve of the entire study group were fully anaesthetised within 45 min of completion of the ABPB block. The outlier was the motor block in the median innervation territory of one patient (who got 1 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% with an onset time of 55 min. At that point, however, the patient had surgical anaesthesia of the entire forearm and the operation was uneventful under regional anaesthesia alone. The prolonged onset time could have been the consequence of an anatomical variation as branches have been described far away from the most visible main tract. Uneven local anaesthetic distribution could also delay the development of the block. All patients had adequate surgical anaesthesia without any discomfort in the surgical field. No patient requested intraoperative sedation. One patient (1 ml per nerve bupivacaine 0.5% used) experienced slight tourniquet pain 60 min after cuff inflation, which was successfully treated with 100 mcg of intravenous fentanyl. Tourniquet pain is not uncommon with higher doses of local anaesthetic; therefore it is unlikely to be a direct consequence of the low dose of local anaesthetic used.
Effect of Smoking on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Tobacco smoking in India has been increasing alarmingly.Smoking is a known risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers, especially, the lung cancer.Nicotine is the addictive drug in tobacco smoke that causes smokers to continue to smoke. PEFR is a useful parameter to monitor airway obstruction, assess its severity and variation and evaluate the effects of treatment.40 healthy adult males aged between 20 50 years smoker for more than one year at Pimpri Chinchwad area in Pune were selected .They constitute the study group (cases).40healthy adult males nonsmokers aged 20 50 years were selected as control. Our study group falls in Light smoker's category (smoking index1 100) Peak Expiratory Flow Rate was carried out using RMS Helios 401 spirometer, Chandigarh. The present study showed decreased PEFR in smokers as compared to non smokers but the difference was not significant statistically. Airway narrowing and reduction in recoil are responsible for the reduction in flow rates. So, aggressive tobacco control programme must be started.
Towards Speech Act Based Compliance
Venue: 2016 IEEE 18th Conference on Business Informatics (CBI)

Todays organizations are socio technical entities, and interactions have significant impact on their success. Around 50% of the work in the US is knowledge work, and other countries show a similar tendency. Compliance monitoring of course can only cover processes and tasks that are modeled or documented somehow. Therefore, today it faces the problem that half of the workforce performing ad hoc interactions and tasks cannot be supported properly. This paper introduces speech act based business rules that focus on the pragmatic intention of interactions instead of events and artifacts. No process schema is necessary. The rules can be applied on annotated tasks or artifacts in BPMSs as well as documented ad hoc interactions. The approach requires some mapping of interaction artifacts to speech acts, and except for cross cutting concerns a common process or case identifier to formulate rules on associated artifacts. Speech act based inference relying on Searle's F(P) framework enables for example finding commitments including unfulfilled promises, pending interactions, and patterns of interaction. The introduction of Speech Act Theory into compliance monitoring can facilitate the integration of structured, semi structured and ad hoc processes. Integrating Speech Act Theory into common approaches to compliance monitoring is examined: LTL and CTL rules, Rete based business rule management systems represented by JBoss Drools, and complex event processing. Rules are not restricted to validate compliance, they also emit tasks, recommendations, and warnings to translate legal requirements and corporate objectives into daily business.
Integrated Approach to Assignment, Scheduling and Routing Problems in a Sales Territory Business Plan
Venue: ICCS

This paper considers a real life case study that determines the minimum number of sellers required to attend a set of customers located in a certain region taking into account the weekly schedule plan of the visits, as well as the optimal route. The problem is formulated as a combination of assignment, scheduling and routing problems. In the new formulation, case studies of small size subset of customers of the above type can be solved optimally. However, this subset of customers is not representative within the business plan of the company. To overcome this limitation, the problem is divided into three phases. A greedy algorithm is used in Phase I in order to identify a set of cost effective feasible clusters of customers assigned to a seller. Phase II and III are then used to solve the problem of a weekly program for visiting the customers as well as to determine the route plan using MILP formulation. Several real life instances of different sizes have been solved demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Follow the Senqu: Maloti Drakensberg Paleoenvironments and Implications for Early Human Dispersals into Mountain Systems

The Maloti Drakensberg Mountains are southern Africa's highest and give rise to South Africa's largest river, the Orange Senqu. At Melikane Rockshelter in highland Lesotho ~1800 m a.s.l. project AMEMSA (Adaptations to Marginal Environments in the Middle Stone Age) has documented a pulsed human presence since at least MIS 5. Melikane can be interrogated to understand when and why early modern humans chose to increase their altitudinal range. This paper presents the results of a multi proxy paleoenvironmental analysis of this sequence. Vegetation shifts are registered against a background signal of C3 dominated grasslands, suggesting fluctuations in temperature, humidity and atmospheric CO2 within a generally cool highland environment with high moisture availability. Discussing Melikane in relation to other paleoenvironmental and archeological archives in the region, a model is developed linking highland population flux to prevailing climate. It is proposed that short lived but acute episodes of rapid onset aridity saw interior groups disperse into the highlands to be nearer to the Orange Senqu headwaters, perhaps via the river corridor itself.
Late Pleistocene climate drivers of early human migration
Venue: Nature

On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between ~50 120 thousand years ago occurred in several orbitally paced migration episodes. Crossing vegetated pluvial corridors from northeastern Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant and expanding further into Eurasia, Australia and the Americas, early H. sapiens experienced massive time varying climate and sea level conditions on a variety of timescales. Hitherto it has remained difficult to quantify the effect of glacial and millennial scale climate variability on early human dispersal and evolution. Here we present results from a numerical human dispersal model, which is forced by spatiotemporal estimates of climate and sea level changes over the past 125 thousand years. The model simulates the overall dispersal of H. sapiens in close agreement with archaeological and fossil data and features prominent glacial migration waves across the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant region around 106 94, 89 73, 59 47 and 45 29 thousand years ago. The findings document that orbital scale global climate swings played a key role in shaping Late Pleistocene global population distributions, whereas millennial scale abrupt climate changes, associated with Dansgaard Oeschger events, had a more limited regional effect.
How to Initiate and Perform Simulation based Airway Management Training More Effectively and Efficiently in China?
Venue: Chinese medical journal

While airway management is a fundamental skill set for many healthcare professionals, the difficult airway management has long been recognized as one of the most challenging tasks facing healthcare providers. As yet, failure to properly manage airway conditions remains a significant source of patients' morbidity and mortality.[1] To avoid or reduce medical errors and improve patient safety and outcomes, training for healthcare providers for airway management skills is essential.
Effect of simulated patient death on emergency worker's anxiety: a cluster randomized trial
Venue: Annals of Intensive Care

ObjectiveSimulation based teaching offers promising and diverse teaching possibilities. We aim to assess whether the death of the manikin increased anxiety amongst learner compared to similar simulation based course where the manikin stays alive.MethodsWe conducted a cluster randomized study amongst multidisciplinary teams of emergency workers. Teams of physicians, nurses, and healthcare assistants were randomly assigned to participate in a simulation based course where the simulated patient died (death group) or not (life group) We assessed anxiety at 1 month after the teaching using Spielberger STAI state anxiety questionnaire. We compared reduction of anxiety when facing a life threatening situation in both groups.ResultsWe included 25 teams for a total of 129 participants. We analysed 63 participants in the death group and 57 in the life group. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, including baseline anxiety (STAI state score 39.6 (7.8) in the death group vs 38.6 (7.1) in the life group) We report a significant reduction in both groups 1 month after the training: 6.6 (7.8) vs 6 (8.0) mean difference 0.5 2.4; 3.4) At 3 months, we report a significant greater reduction of anxiety in the death group (mean difference 4 [0.1; 7.9].ConclusionWe observed in our sample that unexpected simulated patient death did not increase anxiety amongst multidisciplinary emergency workers.
The virtues of variety in regional innovation systems and entrepreneurial ecosystems

Today, interesting and important interconnections have been made that promise great leaps forward for innovation systems and entrepreneurial ecosystems especially operating at the regional or sub national level of the space economy. Of course, there are politics in such relationships. Most notable are those that are critical of anything that "interferes" with market hegemony (neoliberal bias) which has weakened commitments such as those pioneered in South Korea in the early years of the twenty first century, later to be followed by numerous Scandinavian policy experiments (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) as well as austerity policy to enlarge regional governance spaces, as in Germany and France (not to mention the dismantling in 2010 of Anglo regional governance in the UK) Meanwhile, however, it can be seen that good progress in regional innovation policy and entrepreneurial accomplishment at regional level proceeds apace. This is known as the "co operative bias" in contemporary political economy. Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional innovation systems are excellent examples of "generative growth" mechanisms (floated in Cooke, P, Generative Growth, Knowledge Economies and Sustainable Development: implications for Regional Foresight Policy, 2002) as a counter to Romer style individualistic endogenous growth theory. The paper explores the virtues of variety against those of linearity in innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems in exemplary empirical instances.
The Lower Extremity Functional Test and Lower Quadrant Injury in NCAA Division III Athletes: A Descriptive and Epidemiologic Report.
Venue: Journal of sport rehabilitation

The Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT) has been used to assess readiness to return to sport after a lower extremity injury. Current recommendations suggest that women should complete the LEFT in 135 s (average; range 120 150 s) and men should complete the test in 100 s (average; range 90 125 s) However, these estimates are based on limited data and may not be reflective of college athletes. Thus, additional assessment, including normative data, of the LEFT in sport populations is warranted.  To examine LEFT times based on descriptive information and off season training habits in NCAA Division III (DIII) athletes. In addition, this study prospectively examined the LEFT's ability to discriminate sport related injury occurrence.  Descriptive epidemiology.  DIII university. SUBJECTS 189 DIII college athletes (106 women, 83 men) from 15 teams.  LEFT times, preseason questionnaire, and time loss injuries during the sport season.  Men completed the LEFT (105 9 s) significantly faster than their female counterparts (117 10 s) (P .0001) Female athletes who reported >3 5 h/wk of plyometric training during the off season had significantly slower LEFT scores than those who performed =3 h/wk of plyometric training (P .03) The overall incidence of a lower quadrant (LQ) time loss injury for female athletes was 4.5/1000 athletic exposures (AEs) and 3.7/1000 AEs for male athletes. Female athletes with slower LEFT scores =118 s) experienced a higher rate of LQ time loss injuries than those with faster LEFT scores =117 s) (P .03)  Only off season plyometric training practices seem to affect LEFT score times among female athletes. Women with slower LEFT scores are more likely to be injured than those with faster LEFT scores. Injury rates in men were not influenced by performance on the LEFT.
Efficiency assessment of Flash Profiling and Ranking Descriptive Analysis: a comparative study with star fruit powdered flavored drink

The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of Flash Profiling (FP) and Ranking Descriptive Analysis (RDA) methods regarding sensory characterization using star fruit flavored drink as matrix. Sample A was used as a standard. Other three samples were prepared based on sample A, by adding sugar, citric acid, carboxymethylcellulose or dye. The same panel (twelve assessors) was used to carry out FP and, subsequently, RDA analysis. The qualitative training stage used in RDA method showed no difference regarding the assessors' performance and panel consensus compared to FP. Both methods were efficient and discriminated samples in a similar way and in agreement with the physicochemical characterization. However, astringent and bitter aftertaste attributes were additionally used in sample description by RDA. The latter attribute was also relevant for samples discrimination in RDA. FP application was simpler and faster, mainly regarding time spent by the assessors; however, RDA provided more comprehensive description of samples.
How Volunteered Geographic Information can be Integrated Into Emergency Management Practice? First Lessons Learned from an Urban Fire Simulation in the City of Coimbra
Venue: ISCRAM

In the past few years, volunteered geographic information (VGI) has emerged as a new resource for improving the management of emergencies. Despite the growing body of research dedicated to the use of VGI in crisis management, studies are still needed that systematically investigate the incorporation of VGI into practical emergency management. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a research design for investigating and planning the incorporation of VGI into work practices and decision making of emergency agencies by means of simulation exercises. Furthermore, first lessons are drawn from a field study performed within a simulation exercise of an urban fire in Coimbra, Portugal, implemented together with local civil protection agents. Emergency management practitioners identified a high potential in the pictures taken in situ by volunteers for improving situational awareness and supporting decision making. They also pointed out to challenges associated to processing VGI and filtering high value information in real time.