nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental impact of an Italian wine bottle: Carbon and water footprint assessment.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

The food sector represents one of the major impacting sectors from an environmental point of view and, among all the products, wine emerges as one of the most studied by the literature. Single issue approaches are commonly used, but a more comprehensive analysis is desirable, since a single indicator does not properly track the pressure on the environment. This paper presents a combined carbon and water footprint assessment, with a cradle to grave approach, for a protected designation of origin Italian red wine, and suggests a correlation among the two indicators across the life cycle phases. A total CF equal to 1.07+ 0.09kgCO2eq/bottle and a total WF equal to 580+ 30l/bottle were calculated for the studied product and a direct proportionality was found between the total CF and the sum of WFgrey(indirect) and WFblue.
Characterization of Co Cultivation of Cyanobacteria on Growth, Productions of Polysaccharides and Extracellular Proteins, Nitrogenase Activity, and Photosynthetic Activity
Venue: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Cyanobacteria as biofertilizers are benefit to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and reestablish the ecological system in soil. In general, several strains of cyanobacteria were involved in the biofertilizers. The co cultivation of cyanobacteria were characterized on growth profile, production of polysaccharides and extracellular proteins, nitrogenase activity, and photosynthetic activity for three selected N2 fixing cyanobacteria, Anabaena cylindrica (B1611 and F243) and Nostoc sp. (F280) After eight day culture, the highest dry weights were obtained in F280 pure culture and co cultivation of B1611 and F280. Higher production of extracellular proteins and cell bonding polysaccharides (CPS) were observed in co cultivations compared with pure culture. The highest released polysaccharides (RPS) contents were obtained in pure culture of F280 and co cultivation of F280 and F243. Galactose and glucose were major components of CPS and RPS in all samples. Trehalose was a specific component of RPS in F280 pure culture. Based on the monosaccharide contents of CPS and RPS, F280 was the dominant species in the related treatments of co cultivation. The nitrogenase activities in all treatments exhibited a sharp rise at the late stage while a significant decrease existed when three cyanobacteria strains were mixed. Photosynthetic activities for all treatments were determined with rapid light curve, and the related parameters were estimated.
Aging of Liver Transplant Registrants and Recipients: Trends and Impact on Waitlist Outcomes, Post Transplantation Outcomes, and Transplant Related Survival Benefit.
Venue: Gastroenterology

Epidemiologic factors have generated increased demand for liver transplantation among older patients. We aimed to describe trends in age among liver transplant registrants and recipients and the effect of age on waitlist and post transplantation outcomes and on transplant related survival benefit.  We obtained data from the United Network for Organ Sharing on adults who were listed for liver transplantation (N 122,606) or underwent liver transplantation (N 60,820) from 2002 to 2014 in the United States. Competing risks analysis was used to model waitlist outcomes and Cox proportional hazards analysis to model post transplantation survival. These models were also used to estimate 5 year transplant related survival benefit for different age groups, calculated as the difference between waitlist and post transplantation life expectancy.  Between 2002 and 2014, the mean age of liver transplant registrants increased from 51.2 to 55.7 years, with a more prominent increase in hepatitis C virus positive (50.9 57.9 years) than hepatitis C virus negative (51.3 54.3 years) registrants. The proportion of registrants aged =60 years increased from 19% to 41% In hepatitis C virus negative patients, aging trends were driven by increasing proportions of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Among transplant registrants, increasing age was associated with increasing mortality before transplantation and decreasing likelihood of transplantation. Among transplant recipients, increasing age was associated with increasing post transplantation mortality. There was little difference in 5 year transplant related survival benefit between different age groups who had the same Model for End Stage Liver Disease score.  Dramatic aging of liver transplant registrants and recipients occurred from 2002 to 2014, driven by aging of the hepatitis C virus positive cohort and increased prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Increasing age does not affect transplant related survival benefit substantially because age diminishes both post transplantation survival and waitlist survival approximately equally.
Macroeconomic impacts of oil price shocks on inflation and real exchange rate: Evidence from selected MENA countries

In this paper, we attempt to analyze, during the period spanning from January 2000 to July 2015, the impact of oil price shocks on inflation and the real exchange rate in a six of oil importers and exporters MENA countries: Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Iran (MENA 6) using a Structural VAR model. The impulse response functions reveal that, in the long run, oil price fluctuations have the major impact on real exchange rate of the oil importing countries (Tunisia and Morocco) while the impact on inflation is smaller and absorbed by the rigidity of subsidized products prices. The variance decomposition results also assert that oil price shocks do not explain notably the variation in the two considered variables in Algeria and Iran. We further identify an impact on the two variables that is both statistically significant and economically large in the rest of countries.
A genetic algorithm differential evolution based hybrid framework: Case study on unit commitment scheduling problem
Venue: Inf. Sci.

This research article proposes a hybrid evolutionary framework based on hybridization of genetic algorithm (GA) and differential evolution (DE) for solving a nonlinear, high dimensional, highly constrained, mixed integer optimization problem called the unit commitment (UC) problem. Although GA is more capable of efficiently handling binary variables, the performance of DE is better in real parameter optimization. Thus, in the proposed hybrid framework, termed hGADE, the binary variables are evolved using GA while the continuous variables are evolved using DE. To test the efficiency of the presented framework, GA is hybridized with 4 classical and 2 state of the art self adaptive DE variants. We also incorporate a heuristic initial population generation method and a replacement scheme based on preserving infeasible solutions in the population to enhance the performance of the hGADE variants. A systematic classification of the proposed hybrid optimizer is presented in accordance with a recently proposed taxonomy in the literature. Extensive case studies are presented on different test systems and the effectiveness of the heuristic initialization, the replacement scheme, and the hybrid strategy is verified through stringent simulated results. We perform exhaustive benchmarking against some of the best algorithms proposed in the literature for UC problem to demonstrate the efficiency of the hGADE variants. Furthermore, the proposed hGADE variants are statistically compared among themselves to determine the best hGADE variants. Additionally, GA and DE are hybridized within multi objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) framework and the effectiveness of hybridization is demonstrated on multi objective UC problem as well. The proposed hybrid framework is generic and other discrete and/or real parameter operators can be easily incorporated within the framework for solving different mixed integer optimization problems.
DeepTelos: Multi level Modeling with Most General Instances
Venue: ER

Multi level modeling aims to reduce redundancy in data models by defining properties at the right abstraction level and inheriting them to more specific levels. We revisit one of the earliest such approaches, Telos, and investigate what needs to be added to its axioms to get a true multi level modeling language. Unlike previous approaches, we define levels not with numeric potencies but with hierarchies of so called most general instances.
Dual deep modeling: multi level modeling with dual potencies and its formalization in F Logic
Venue: Software Systems Modeling

An enterprise database contains a global, integrated, and consistent representation of a company's data. Multi level modeling facilitates the definition and maintenance of such an integrated conceptual data model in a dynamic environment of changing data requirements of diverse applications. Multi level models transcend the traditional separation of class and object with clabjects as the central modeling primitive, which allows for a more flexible and natural representation of many real world use cases. In deep instantiation, the number of instantiation levels of a clabject or property is indicated by a single potency. Dual deep modeling (DDM) differentiates between source potency and target potency of a property or association and supports the flexible instantiation and refinement of the property by statements connecting clabjects at different modeling levels. DDM comes with multiple generalization of clabjects, subsetting/specialization of properties, and multi level cardinality constraints. Examples are presented using a UML style notation for DDM together with UML class and object diagrams for the representation of two level user views derived from the multi level model. Syntax and semantics of DDM are formalized and implemented in F Logic, supporting the modeler with integrity checks and rich query facilities.
The importance of uncertainties in scenario analyses A study on future ecosystem service delivery in Flanders.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

Land use is rapidly changing and is significantly affecting ecosystem service delivery all around the world. The socio economic context and political choices largely determine land use change. This land use change, driven by socio economic pressures, will impact diverse elements of the environment including, for example, air quality, soil properties, water infiltration and food and wood production, impacts that can be linked to the provisioning of ecosystem services. To gain more insight into the effects of alternative socio economic developments on ecosystem service delivery, land use change models are being coupled to ecosystem service delivery models to perform scenario analyses. Although the uncertainty of the results of these kind of scenario analyses are generally far from negligible, studies rarely take them into account. In this study, a cellular automaton land use change model is coupled to Bayesian belief network ecosystem service delivery models to facilitate the study of error propagation in scenario analysis. The proposed approach is applied to model the impact of alternative socio economic developments on ecosystem service delivery in Flanders, Belgium and to assess the impact of land use allocation uncertainty on the uncertainty associated to future ecosystem service delivery. Results suggest that taking into account uncertainties may have an effect on policy recommendations that come out of the scenario analysis. However, in this study, uncertainties in the applied ecosystem service models were dominant, reducing the importance of accounting for land use allocation uncertainty.
The Importance of Communication in Improving Service Delivery and Service Quality in the Malaysian Hotel Industry

Travel and Tourism industry is an important sector that contributes at least 9 per cent of the world's GDP, employs over 255 million people worldwide and represents 8 per cent of the global workforce (World Travel Tourism, 2012) The industry makes a significant contribution to the economic development of many nations with some countries dependent on tourism as a catalyst for growth and development. This is the case in Malaysia where the tourism industry has been accommodating large numbers of tourists, arriving for business or holiday purposes as well as transitory passengers' en route to other destinations. In 2013, the hospitality and tourism generated MYR 60.6 billion (USD 20 billion) towards the Malaysian economy it was categorized among the most promising industry. In 2013, Kuala Lumpur was ranked the seventh (7th) most visited destination in the world. Therefore, the importance of maintaining the service quality in the hotel sector becomes the main issue. In this, it was identified that the Internal Market Orientation framework was known to have the ability to improve service delivery and as a result improving service quality. In Internal Market Orientation, 3 distinctive antecedents namely a) internal market intelligence generation, b) internal communication, and c) response to Intelligence, were found to be useful in improving service delivery. However, this paper will only focus on internal communication as the scope of Internal Market Orientation is quite extensive.
Theory and implementation of a very high throughput true random number generator in field programmable gate array.
Venue: The Review of scientific instruments

The contribution of this paper is proposing a new entropy extraction mechanism based on sampling phase jitter in ring oscillators to make a high throughput true random number generator in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) practical. Starting from experimental observation and analysis of the entropy source in FPGA, a multi phase sampling method is exploited to harvest the clock jitter with a maximum entropy and fast sampling speed. This parametrized design is implemented in a Xilinx Artix 7 FPGA, where the carry chains in the FPGA are explored to realize the precise phase shifting. The generator circuit is simple and resource saving, so that multiple generation channels can run in parallel to scale the output throughput for specific applications. The prototype integrates 64 circuit units in the FPGA to provide a total output throughput of 7.68 Gbps, which meets the requirement of current high speed quantum key distribution systems. The randomness evaluation, as well as its robustness to ambient temperature, confirms that the new method in a purely digital fashion can provide high speed high quality random bit sequences for a variety of embedded applications.
Learning Transferrable Representations for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation
Venue: NIPS

Supervised learning with large scale labelled datasets and deep layered models has caused a paradigm shift in diverse areas in learning and recognition. However, this approach still suffers from generalization issues under the presence of a domain shift between the training and the test data distribution. Since unsupervised domain adaptation algorithms directly address this domain shift problem between a labelled source dataset and an unlabelled target dataset, recent papers have shown promising results by fine tuning the networks with domain adaptation loss functions which try to align the mismatch between the training and testing data distributions. Nevertheless, these recent deep learning based domain adaptation approaches still suffer from issues such as high sensitivity to the gradient reversal hyperparameters and overfitting during the fine tuning stage. In this paper, we propose a unified deep learning framework where the representation, cross domain transformation, and target label inference are all jointly optimized in an end to end fashion for unsupervised domain adaptation. Our experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms state of the art algorithms in both object recognition and digit classification experiments by a large margin. We will make our learned models as well as the source code available immediately upon acceptance.
Targeting heme oxygenase 1 and carbon monoxide for therapeutic modulation of inflammation.
Venue: Translational research the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine

The heme oxygenase 1 (HO 1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO 1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate limiting step in the degradation of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO) iron, and biliverdin IXa (BV) the latter which is converted to bilirubin IXa (BR) HO 1 may function as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammatory signaling programs through the generation of its biologically active end products, namely CO, BV and BR. CO, when applied exogenously, can affect apoptotic, proliferative, and inflammatory cellular programs. Specifically, CO can modulate the production of proinflammatory or anti inflammatory cytokines and mediators. HO 1 and CO may also have immunomodulatory effects with respect to regulating the functions of antigen presenting cells, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. Therapeutic strategies to modulate HO 1 in disease include the application of natural inducing compounds and gene therapy approaches for the targeted genetic overexpression or knockdown of HO 1. Several compounds have been used therapeutically to inhibit HO activity, including competitive inhibitors of the metalloporphyrin series or noncompetitive isoform selective derivatives of imidazole dioxolanes. The end products of HO activity, CO, BV and BR may be used therapeutically as pharmacologic treatments. CO may be applied by inhalation or through the use of CO releasing molecules. This review will discuss HO 1 as a therapeutic target in diseases involving inflammation, including lung and vascular injury, sepsis, ischemia reperfusion injury, and transplant rejection.
Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema
Venue: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

Advancements in molecular biology have led to a greater understanding of the individual proteins responsible for generating cerebral edema. In large part, the study of cerebral edema is the study of maladaptive ion transport. Following acute CNS injury, cells of the neurovascular unit, particularly brain endothelial cells and astrocytes, undergo a program of pre and post transcriptional changes in the activity of ion channels and transporters. These changes can result in maladaptive ion transport and the generation of abnormal osmotic forces that, ultimately, manifest as cerebral edema. This review discusses past models and current knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of cerebral edema.
Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Prospective Therapeutic Targets.
Venue: Neurosurgery clinics of North America

Traumatic brain injury is a heterogeneous disorder resulting from an external force applied to the head. The development of cerebral edema plays a central role in the evolution of injury following brain trauma and is closely associated with neurologic outcomes. Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways contributing to the posttraumatic development of cerebral edema have led to the identification of multiple prospective therapeutic targets. The authors summarize the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral edema and highlight the molecular pathways that may be therapeutically targeted to mitigate cerebral edema and associated sequelae following traumatic brain injury.
Systemic pro inflammatory response facilitates the development of cerebral edema during short hypoxia
Venue: Journal of Neuroinflammation

BackgroundHigh altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is the severe type of acute mountain sickness (AMS) and life threatening. A subclinical inflammation has been speculated, but the exact mechanisms underlying the HACE are not fully understood.MethodsHuman volunteers ascended to high altitude (3860 m, 2 days) and rats were exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber (5000 m, 2 days) Human acute mountain sickness was evaluated by the Lake Louise Score (LLS) and plasma corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and cytokines TNF a, IL 1b, and IL 6 were measured in rats and humans. Subsequently, rats were pre treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, intraperitoneal (ip) 4 mg/kg, 11 h) to induce inflammation prior to 1 h hypoxia (7000 m elevation) TNF a, IL 1b, IL 6, nitric oxide (NO) CRH, and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and their gene expression, Evans blue, Na+ K+ ATPase activity, p65 translocation, and cell swelling were measured in brain by ELISA, Western blotting, Q PCR, RT PCR, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron micrography. MAPKs, NF kB pathway, and water permeability of primary astrocytes were demonstrated. All measurements were performed with or without LPS challenge. The release of NO, TNF a, and IL 6 in cultured primary microglia by CRH stimulation with or without PDTC (NF kB inhibitor) or CP154,526 (CRHR1 antagonist) were measured.ResultsHypobaric hypoxia enhanced plasma TNF a, IL 1b, and IL 6 and CRH levels in human and rats, which positively correlated with AMS. A single LPS injection (ip, 4 mg/kg, 12 h) into rats increased TNF a and IL 1b levels in the serum and cortex, and AQP4 and AQP4 mRNA expression in cortex and astrocytes, and astrocyte water permeability but did not cause brain edema. However, LPS treatment 11 h prior to 1 h hypoxia (elevation, 7000 m) challenge caused cerebral edema, which was associated with activation of NF kB and MAPKs, hypoxia reduced Na+ K+ ATPase activity and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Both LPS and CRH stimulated TNF a, IL 6, and NO release in cultured rat microglia via NF kB and cAMP/PKA.ConclusionsPreexisting systemic inflammation plus a short severe hypoxia elicits cerebral edema through upregulated AQP4 and water permeability by TLR4 and CRH/CRHR1 signaling. This study revealed that both infection and hypoxia can cause inflammatory response in the brain. Systemic inflammation can facilitate onset of hypoxic cerebral edema through interaction of astrocyte and microglia by activation of TLR4 and CRH/CRHR1 signaling. Anti inflammatory agents and CRHR1 antagonist may be useful for prevention and treatment of AMS and HACE.
Organisational culture and quality management system implementation in Indonesian construction companies

The review of literature found that there is a significant correlation between a construction company's organisational culture and the company quality performance. The purpose of this paper is to assess the organisational culture profiles of Indonesian construction companies, and to examine the influence of the companies' organisational culture profiles on their quality management systems (based on QMS ISO 9001:2008) implementation. Prior to conducting the examination, there are examinations of the relationships among the quality management system (QMS) variables.  The methodology employed a survey questionnaire of construction industry practitioners who have experience in building and civil engineering works. The Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument was selected due to its suitability in assessing organisation's underlying culture.  Within the examination among the QMS variables, it was found that problematic issues associated with the implementati.