nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Security attack analysis using attack patterns
Venue: 2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS)

Discovering potential attacks on a system is an essential step in engineering secure systems, as the identified attacks will determine essential security requirements. The prevalence of Socio Technical Systems (STSs) makes attack analysis particularly challenging. These systems are composed of people and organizations, their software systems, as well as physical infrastructures. As such, a thorough attack analysis needs to consider strategic (social and organizational) aspects of the involved people and organizations, as well as technical aspects affecting software systems and the physical infrastructure, requiring a large amount of security knowledge which is difficult to acquire. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to efficiently leverage a comprehensive attack knowledge repository (CAPEC) in order to identify realistic and detailed attack behaviors, avoiding severe repercussions of security breaches. In particular, we propose a systematic method to model CAPEC attack patterns, which has been applied to 102 patterns, in order to semi automatically select and apply such patterns. Using the CAPEC patterns as part of a systematic and tool supported process, we can efficiently operationalize attack strategies and identify realistic alternative attacks on an STS. We validate our proposal by performing a case study on a smart grid scenario.
Inshore Ship Detection via Saliency and Context Information in High Resolution SAR Images
Venue: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

So far, the detection of ships on sea has been widely studied, while fewer works are available on inshore ship detection. Due to the high similarity between the harbor and the ship body on gray and texture features, the traditional methods are unable to achieve effective detection of inshore ships. In this letter, we present a novel approach via saliency and context information to deal with this issue. First, we employ the superpixel generating algorithm to generate the superpixel region. Second, we propose a new method based on the salient region detection to complete the inshore ship detection. Finally, a ship discrimination framework is presented to remove the false alarm. The experimental results demonstrate the noise robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and real SAR images.
Context information based initial cell search for millimeter wave 5G cellular networks
Venue: 2016 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is envisioned as a cornerstone to fulfill the data rate requirements for fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. In mmWave communication, beamforming is considered as a key technology to combat the high path loss, and unlike in conventional microwave communication, beamforming may be necessary even during initial access/cell search. Among the proposed beamforming schemes for initial cell search, analog beamforming is a power efficient approach but suffers from its inherent search delay during initial access. In this work, we argue that analog beamforming can still be a viable choice when context information about mmWave base stations (BS) is available at the mobile station (MS) We then study how the performance of analog beamforming degrades in case of angular errors in the available context information. Finally, we present an analog beamforming receiver architecture that uses multiple arrays of Phase Shifters and a single RF chain to combat the effect of angular errors, showing that it can achieve the same performance as hybrid beamforming.
Implementing context information management in forensic casework: Minimizing contextual bias in firearms examination.
Venue: Science justice journal of the Forensic Science Society

Managing context information in forensic casework aims to minimize task irrelevant information while maximizing the task relevant information that reaches the examiner. A design and implementation of context information management (CIM) is described for forensic firearms examination. Guided by a taxonomy of different sources of context information, a flow chart was constructed that specifies the process of casework examination and context information management. Due to the risk of bias, another examiner may need to be involved when context information management is unsuccessful. Application of context information management does not make a subjective examination objective, but can limit the risks of bias with a minimal investment of time and resources.
Research on College English Teaching Mode based on Task based Teaching Method and Flip the Classroom Mode

In this paper, we conduct research on college English teaching mode based on task based teaching method and flip the classroom mode. In recent years, "flip the classroom" has become the most fashionable and the most hot spots in current education reform words, it is paid close attention to by education both at home and abroad, because it serves as a kind of advanced education ideas and teaching mode, the traditional classroom teaching mode are potentially disruptive effects. Flip the classroom study and pilot also in full swing in our country, the current hot micro course, micro video has been accepted by many first line teachers and try, all kinds of micro course lectures and that competition also have mushroomed miraculously development. Under this basis, in this paper we propose the novel idea on the corresponding issues that will be meaningful.
Decimeter level passive tracking with wifi
Venue: HotWireless@MobiCom

Pioneer approaches for WiFi based sensing usually employ learning based techniques to seek appropriate statistical features, but do not support precise tracking without prior training. Thus to advance passive sensing, the ability to track fine grained human mobility information acts as a key enabler. In this paper, we proposed Widar, a WiFi based tracking system that simultaneously estimates human's moving velocity (both speed and direction) and locations at decimeter level. Instead of applying statistical learning techniques, Widar builds a theoretical model that geometrically quantifies the relationships between CSI dynamics and user's location and velocity. On this basis, we propose novel techniques to identify PLCR components related to human movements from noisy CSIs and then derive a user's locations in addition to velocities. We implement Widar on commercial WiFi devices and validate its performance in real environments. Our results show that Widar achieves decimeter level accuracy, with a median location error of 24cm given initial positions and 36cm without them and a mean relative velocity error of 11%
A Systematic Review of Health Economic Evaluation Studies Using the Patient's Perspective.
Venue: Value in health the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

Patient centered care has become increasingly important and relevant for informed health care decision making.  Our study aimed to perform a systematic review of health economic evaluation studies from the patient's perspective.  PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central databases were searched through May 2014 for cost effectiveness, cost utility, and cost benefit studies using the patient's perspective in their analysis. The reporting quality of the studies was evaluated on the basis of Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.  We identified 30 health economic evaluations using the patient's perspective, of which 7 were conducted in the United States, 9 in Europe, and 14 in Asian or other countries. Seventeen of 23 health conditions evaluated were chronic in nature. Among 12 studies that justified the use of the patient's perspective, patient's financial burden associated with medical treatment was the most commonly cited rationale. A total of 29, 17, and 15 studies examined direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect costs, respectively. Seventeen studies also included societal, governmental or payer's, and/or provider's perspective(s) in their analyses. Based on Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards, more than 20% of the reporting items in these studies were either partially satisfied or not satisfied.  There is a paucity of health economic evaluations conducted from the patient's perspective in the literature. For those studies using the patient's perspective, the true patient costs were not fully explored and study reporting quality was not optimal. With the increasing focus on patient centered outcomes in health policy research, more frequent use of the patient's perspective in economic studies should be advocated.
The effect of terminal substituents on crystal structure, mesophase behaviour and optical property of azo ester linked materials

A series of azo ester linked mesogen containing liquid crystalline acrylate compounds C1 C6 having different terminal groups F, Cl, Br, OCH3, OC2H5 and OC3H7) were successfully synthesised and characterised. The chemical structure, purity, thermal stability, mesophase behaviour and optical property of the synthesised compounds were investigated by different instrumental techniques. X ray crystal structure showed that compounds C1, C4 and C5 exhibited more stable E configuration with two bulky group in the opposite side of the N=N double bond motifs. The fluoro substituted derivative (C1) is connected by the R12(5) type of C H..O hydrogen bond motifs whereas the molecules of C4, and C5 are connected to each other by means cyclic R22(8) type of C H..O hydrogen bond motifs. Thermogravimetric study revealed that the investigated compounds exhibited excellent thermal stability. All the compounds showed enantiotropic liquid crystal (LC) phase behaviour and the mesophase formation was greatly influenced by the terminal substituents. Alkoxy OCH3, OC2H5 and OC3H7) substituted compounds exhibited greater mesophase stability than those of halogen F, Cl and Br) terminated derivatives. UV vis spectroscopic study revealed that the investigated compounds exhibited a broad absorption band around 300 420 nm with absorption maximum (lmax) of nearly 370 nm.
Mechanisms for Kink Band Evolution in Polymer Matrix Composites: A Digital Image Correlation and Finite Element Study

Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are attractive structural materials due to their high stiffness to low weight ratio. However, unidirectional PMCs have low shear strength and failure can occur along kink bands that develop on compression due to plastic microbuckling that carry strains large enough to induce nonlinear matrix deformation. Reviewing the literature, a large fraction of the existing work is for uniaxial compression, and the effects of stress gradients, such as those present during bending, have not been as well explored, and these effects are bound to make difference in terms of kink band nucleation and growth. Furthermore, reports on experimental measurements of strain fields leading to and developing inside these bands in the presence of stress gradients are also scarce and need to be addressed to gain a full understanding of their behavior when UDCs are used under bending and other spatially complex stress states. Therefore, the primary focus of this work is to understand mechanisms for kink band evolution under an influence of stress gradients induced during bending. Digital image correlation (DIC) is used to measure strains inside and around the kink bands during 3 point bending of samples with 0deg/90deg stacking made of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers. Measurements indicate bands nucleate at the compression side and propagate into the sample carrying a mixture of large shear and normal strains ~33% while also decreasing its bending stiffness. Failure was produced by a combination of plastic microbuckling and axial splitting. The microstructure of the kink bands was studied and used in a microstructurally explicit finite element model (FEM) to analyze stresses and strains at ply level in the samples during kink band evolution, using cohesive zone elements to represent the interfaces between plies. Cohesive element properties were deduced by a combination of delamination, fracture and three point bending tests used to calibrate the FEMs. Modeling results show that the band morphology is sensitive to the shear and opening properties of the interfaces between the plies.  Engineering Doctoral Defense Mechanisms for Kink Band Evolution in Polymer Matrix Composites: A Digital Image Correlation and Finite Element Study
PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENT TEACHERS CLASSROOM TALK DURING INQUIRY BASED BIOLOGY LESSONS

In schools, classroom talk is often dominated by teachers lecturing or asking closed questions followed by teachers' evaluative feedback. When the teacher presents ideas to students or uses the questionresponse feedback, the talk is considered as authoritative talk. On the other side, during dialogic talk, the teacher reacts to students views and responses. The important role of the teachers in promoting dialogic classroom talk has been demonstrated in many previous studies. However, little is known about how student teachers use different talk forms, especially in inquiry based biology lessons which is the focus of this research. The primary school student teachers' lessons a total of 14 lessons of five student teachers were videotaped and audiotaped. The data were analysed using theory based content analysis. The results show that the primary school student teachers used more authoritative classroom talk than dialogical classroom talk in their inquiry based lessons. Mainly, non interactive authoritative talk form was used by all student teachers, and interactive dialogic talk form was used least. Authoritative talk was used in all stages of the inquiry based lesson. Dialogic talk was used more during introduction and examination stages. The findings suggest that in teacher education, student teachers need scaffold in talking with pupils when carrying out inquiry based teaching.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND FIRM VALUE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF AN EMERGING ECONOMY

A lot of researches have been done recently on Corporate Social Responsibliity "CSR" A lot of studies have been conducted to test how CSR affects firm value and financial perfromance. Results varies from one study to another. Some proved that the realtionship is to be positve, or negative and others proved it to be neutral. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of CSR on firm value and financial performance in Egypt through the application on 33 companies that were listed in the EGX30 in the year 2001, with a timeline of 8 years from 2007 till 2014. Data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the financial statements and annual reports of the egyptian companies and offical online websites. We proved that CSR has a insignifcant negative effect on firm value and a signifcant positive effect on firm' financial perfromance in Egypt measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on equity (ROE) This research paper is divided into five sections. Section one is the introduction followed by section two the literature review of CSR and its impact on firm value and financial performance. Section three covers the research methodology; section four presents data analysis and finally section five report findings and conclusions of the study.
Navigation Assistance for the Visually Impaired Using RGB D Sensor With Range Expansion
Venue: IEEE Systems Journal

Navigation assistance for visually impaired (NAVI) refers to systems that are able to assist or guide people with vision loss, ranging from partially sighted to totally blind, by means of sound commands. In this paper, a new system for NAVI is presented based on visual and range information. Instead of using several sensors, we choose one device, a consumer RGB D camera, and take advantage of both range and visual information. In particular, the main contribution is the combination of depth information with image intensities, resulting in the robust expansion of the range based floor segmentation. On one hand, depth information, which is reliable but limited to a short range, is enhanced with the long range visual information. On the other hand, the difficult and prone to error image processing is eased and improved with depth information. The proposed system detects and classifies the main structural elements of the scene providing the user with obstacle free paths in order to navigate safely across unknown scenarios. The proposed system has been tested on a wide variety of scenarios and data sets, giving successful results and showing that the system is robust and works in challenging indoor environments.
Income and wealth inequality with progressive income taxation in an integrated Walrasian general equilibrium and neoclassical growth theory

This study develops a dynamic economic growth model of public goods in a dynamic general equilibrium theory for an open economy with heterogeneous households and progressive income taxation. The tax income is spent on supplying public goods. The economic system consists of one production sector and one public sector. The public sector is financially supported solely by the tax income. The model describes dynamic interactions between economic growth, wealth accumulation, progressive income taxation, and public services in an internationally open environment. The model is developed for any number of types of households. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of equilibrium and motion of the dynamic system. We also examine the effects of changes in different parameters on the motion of the economic system.
The predictors of persistent DSM IV disorders in 3 year follow ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004
Venue: Psychological Medicine

The identification of the factors that influence the persistence of psychiatric disorder may assist practitioners to focus on young people who are particularly prone to poor outcomes, but population based samples of sufficient size are rare.  This secondary analysis combined data from two large, population based cross sectional surveys in Great Britain (1999 and 2004) and their respective follow ups (2002 and 2007) to study homotypic persistence among the 998 school age children with psychiatric disorder at baseline. Psychiatric disorder was measured using the Development and Well Being Assessment applying DSM IV criteria. Factors relating to the child, family, and the severity and type of psychopathology at baseline were analysed using logistic regression.  Approximately 50% of children with at least one psychiatric disorder were assigned the same diagnostic grouping at 3 year follow up. Persistent attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and anxiety were predicted by poor peer relationship scores. Persistent conduct disorder was predicted by intellectual disability, rented housing, large family size, poor family function and by severer baseline psychopathology scores.  Homotypic persistence was predicted by different factors for different groups of psychiatric disorders. Experimental research in clinical samples should explore whether these factors also influence response to interventions.
Precarious employment is a risk factor for poor mental health in young individuals in Sweden: a cohort study with multiple follow ups
Venue: BMC Public Health

BackgroundThe globalisation of the economy and the labour markets has resulted in a growing proportion of individuals who find themselves in a precarious labour market situation, especially among the young. This pertains also to the Nordic countries, despite their characterisation as well developed welfare states with active labour market policies. This should be viewed against the background of a number of studies, which have shown that several aspects of precarious employment are detrimental to mental health. However, longitudinal studies from the Nordic region that examine the impact of precarious labour market conditions on mental health in young individuals are currently lacking. The present study aims to examine this impact in a general cohort of Swedish young people.MethodsPostal questionnaires were sent out in 1999/2000 to a stratified random sample of the Scania population, Sweden; the response rate was 58 All of those who responded at baseline were invited to follow ups after 5 and 10 years. Employment precariousness was determined based on detailed questions about present employment, previous unemployment, and self rated risk of future unemployment. Mental health was assessed by GHQ 12. For this study individuals in the age range of 18 34 years at baseline, who were active in the labour market (employed or seeking job) and had submitted complete data from 1999/2000, 2005, and 2010 on employment precariousness and mental health status, were selected (N 1135).ResultsForty two percent of the participants had a precarious employment situation at baseline. Labour market trajectories that included precarious employment in 1999/2000 or 2005 predicted poor mental health in 2010: the incidence ratio ratio was 1.4 (95 CI: 1.1 2.0) when excluding all individuals with mental health problems at baseline and adjusting for age, gender, social support, social capital, and economic difficulties in childhood. The population attributable fraction regarding poor mental health in the studied age group was 18 .ConclusionsThis study supported the hypothesis that precarious employment should be regarded as an important social determinant for subsequent development of mental health problems in previously mentally healthy young people.
Fetal ventriculomegaly: Pregnancy outcomes and follow ups in ten years.
Venue: Bioscience trends

The aim of this study is to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and prognoses for fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Two hundred and forty one cases of fetuses with ventriculomegaly were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their lateral ventricular width: "Mild Ventriculomegaly" (10 12 mm) "Moderate Ventriculomegaly" (12 15 mm) and "Severe Ventriculomegaly" 15 mm) Pediatric examination records and telephone interviews were conducted to track the outcomes of children until the age of 9 years. Eight two cases were Isolated Ventriculomegaly (34.0% while Non Isolated Ventriculomegaly was found in 159 cases (66.0% The pregnancy was terminated in 91 cases, and a higher abortion ratio was found in the NIVM (Non Isolated Ventriculomegaly) group compared with the IVM (Isolated Ventriculomegaly) group. The fetuses were delivered in 150 cases, and four infants suffered deaths with NIVM. Of the surviving fetuses, 7 with IVM and 9 with NIVM showed significant abnormalities. The Mild and Moderate VM groups had more favorable prognoses compared with the Severe VM group. Regarding the outcomes and progression of lateral ventricular width, 1 out of 42 cases in the regressed group and 19 out of 108 cases in the stable group showed significant abnormalities. This study suggests that the degree and the progression of ventricular dilatation are main factors that affect pregnancy outcomes and prognoses.