nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Pay Gap and Performance in China

The growing gap between the pay of executives and employees has been the subject of much media publicity and political attention in recent times. We analyze the pay gap between executives and employees, focusing on three components: executive pay premium relative to industry peers; employee pay premium; and average pay gap at the industry level. We examine how the executive and employee pay premium components of the pay gap drive firm performance. On one hand, economic theories of matching and managerial talent suggest talented executives who generate relatively better firm performance receive wage premiums, implying a positive relation between pay gap and performance. On the other hand, sociological theories suggest that the inequity implied by a larger pay gap lowers firm performance by adversely affecting employee morale and productivity. To test these alternative theories, we utilize pay gap data from China that provides a setting with strong national preferences towards social equity but also with a scarcity of experienced managers and abundance of low cost labour. Our results strongly support the economic theories firm performance is largely driven by pay premium for executive talent. Additional tests using a smaller sample of US firms with pay gap data are consistent with our primary findings. Our study is likely to be of interest to politicians, regulators, and company executives responsible for understanding and evaluating pay gap and executive pay.
Will political promotion expectation decrease the pay gap in state owned enterprises in China?

In this paper, we test the effects of executives' promotion expectation on compensation and the pay gap between executives and employees in China. We measure the promotion expectation of current executives by using their predecessors' promotion ranks and direction. We find that there is a significantly negative relationship between promotion expectation and the pay gap, suggesting that senior executives with stronger expectation of political promotion are more willing to accept less compensation and therefore a smaller pay gap. Furthermore, we find that different types of promotion expectation have different effects on senior executives' perceptions. Compared with intra group promotion, political promotion expectation has greater effects on limiting executive compensation and narrowing the pay gap. However, we find that promotion expectation fails to mitigate agency conflicts between shareholders and managers and further motivates the executives to maximise firm value.
Relating information entropy and mass variance to measure bias and non Gaussianity

We relate the information entropy and the mass variance of any distribution in the regime of small fluctuations. We use a set of Monte Carlo simulations of different homogeneous and inhomogeneous distributions to verify the relation and also test it in a set of cosmological N body simulations. We find that the relation is in excellent agreement with the simulations and is independent of number density and the nature of the distributions. We show that the relation between information entropy and mass variance can be used to determine the linear bias on large scales and detect the signatures of non Gaussianity on small scales in galaxy distributions.
High gain ultra wide band (UWB) multi resonant antenna for biomedical applications, security purposes and drug detection
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET)

This paper presents an ultra wide band (UWB) multi resonant optical antenna. In the proposed antenna design, substrates of material FR4 having dielectric constant 4.4 have been used. The aperture coupled feeding technique has been used in the proposed antenna design. The ground, patch and feed line are of copper material. The proposed antenna design is a multiband optical antenna having multiple resonant frequencies lying below the desired return loss of 10dB in 1.15 THz 7.97 THz frequency range. The performance of optical antenna has been analyzed in terms of impedance bandwidth (THz) return loss (dB) directivity (dBi) gain (dB) VSWR and impedance (ohms) The proposed antenna design has higher gain and directivity for higher resonating frequencies. The proposed antenna can be used for biomedical applications, security purposes (Explosives detection) drug detection and monitoring water content in leaves.
High directivity FR4 substrate slotted defected ground microstrip patch antenna for X band applications
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Global Trends in Signal Processing, Information Computing and Communication (ICGTSPICC)

The paper emphasizes on the design and performance analysis of high directivity FR4 substrate slotted defected ground microstrip patch antenna for X Band applications. The antenna has been fed by microstrip feedline via impedance transformer to match the impedance of proposed antenna with the 50O impedance of co axial connector used for feeding power to the antenna. The propounded antenna has been devised and simulated in CST Microwave Studio 2014. This antenna resonates at frequency of 7.94 GHz with the minimal return loss of 81.25 dB, high gain of 8.5 dB and directivity of 8.12 dBi. The proposed antenna has been designed using Flame Retardant 4 (FR4) substrate of dielectric constant, er=4.4 sandwiched between copper patch and ground plane. The designed antenna has compact area and operating bandwidth of 560 MHz (7.67 GHz 8.22 GHz) The designed antenna can be suitably employed for X band applications military, satellite to earth downlink, earth to satellite uplink, radio determination and ultra wide band applications. The antenna has been fabricated and efficaciously tested using E5071C network analyser and anechoic chamber. It has been perceived that the practical results match with the simulated results.
Numerical approximation of solitary waves of the Benjamin equation
Venue: Math. Comput. Simul.

This paper presents several numerical techniques to generate solitary wave profiles of the Benjamin equation. The formulation and implementation of the methods focus on some specific points of the problem: on the one hand, the approximation of the nonlocal term is accomplished by Fourier techniques, which determine the spatial discretization used in the experiments. On the other hand, in the numerical continuation procedure suggested by the derivation of the model and already discussed in the literature, several algorithms for solving the nonlinear systems are described and implemented: the Petviashvili method, the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Newton method and two Squared Operator methods. A comparative study of these algorithms is made in the case of the Benjamin equation; Newton's method combined with Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient techniques, emerges as the most efficient. The resulting numerical profiles are shown to have a high accuracy as travelling wave solutions when they are used as initial conditions in a time stepping procedure for the Benjamin equation. The paper also explores the generation of multi pulse solitary waves.
Semantic Search on Text and Knowledge Bases
Venue: Found. Trends Inf. Retr.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the broad area of semantic search on text and knowledge bases. In a nutshell, semantic search is "search with meaning" This "meaning" can refer to various parts of the search process: understanding the query instead of just finding matches of its components in the data, understanding the data instead of just searching it for such matches, or representing knowledge in a way suitable for meaningful retrieval.Semantic search is studied in a variety of different communities with a variety of different views of the problem. In this survey, we classify this work according to two dimensions: the type of data text, knowledge bases, combinations of these and the kind of search keyword, structured, natural language. We consider all nine combinations. The focus is on fundamental techniques, concrete systems, and benchmarks. The survey also considers advanced issues: ranking, indexing, ontology matching and merging, and inference. It also provides a succinct overview of fundamental natural language processing techniques: POS tagging, named entity recognition and disambiguation, sentence parsing, and distributional semantics.The survey is as self contained as possible, and should thus also serve as a good tutorial for newcomers to this fascinating and highly topical field.
Are organizations destined to fail

The purpose of this paper is to explore the non financial causes of organizational success or failure, provide a better understanding of the symptoms of financial distress and improve the predictive capacity of financial failure models.  The paper utilizes exploratory case studies in investigating the relationship of non financial factors to organizational success or failure across a sample of sector specific Australian firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. A two tailed study was designed, in which seven cases from both extremes were chosen from three Australian business sectors: finance, property and manufacturing.  Non financial factors associated with the organizations studied impacted their success or failure. These factors included management skill, experience and involvement in organizational strategy, feedback and resultant activity, together with board of director composition. The identification of financial and non financial factors and so.
Generating Highly Accurate Predictions for Missing QoS Data via Aggregating Nonnegative Latent Factor Models
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems

Automatic Web service selection is an important research topic in the domain of service computing. During this process, reliable predictions for quality of service (QoS) based on historical service invocations are vital to users. This work aims at making highly accurate predictions for missing QoS data via building an ensemble of nonnegative latent factor (NLF) models. Its motivations are: 1) the fulfillment of nonnegativity constraints can better represent the positive value nature of QoS data, thereby boosting the prediction accuracy and 2) since QoS prediction is a learning task, it is promising to further improve the prediction accuracy with a carefully designed ensemble model. To achieve this, we first implement an NLF model for QoS prediction. This model is then diversified through feature sampling and randomness injection to form a diversified NLF model, based on which an ensemble is built. Comparison results between the proposed ensemble and several widely employed and state of the art QoS predictors on two large, real data sets demonstrate that the former can outperform the latter well in terms of prediction accuracy.
The trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms in coronary heart disease:a latent class growth analysis

Depression and anxiety are risk factors for developing Coronary heart Disease (CHD) and are associated with poor disease outcomes and mortality. However, there is little information describing repeated measures and longitudinal data that may study the trajectories of depression and anxiety over time,how these are manifested in the context of CHD, and their relationship to sociodemographic measures, cardiac risk factors, and measures of disability.  Using a primary care cohort of 803 patients with a diagnosis of CHD, a latent class growth curve model was developed to study the distinct trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms over a 3 year period, with 7 distinct 6 month follow up points.Logistic regression analysis was then conducted to study the association between latent classes and baseline risk factors.  The 5 class model yielded the best combination of statistical best fit analysis and clinical correlation. These classes were:'stable asymptomatic' (n 558) 'increasing symptoms' (n 64)'decreasing symptoms' (n 15) 'chronic highly symptomatic'(n 55) and 'fluctuating symptoms' (n 111).The comparison group was the 'stable asymptomatic' class. Female sex was associated with the 'fluctuating class' Non white ethnicity was associated with 'chronic high' and 'worsening' class. Current smoking was associated with all classes, particularly the 'chronic high' class.Chest pain was associated strongly with 'chronic high' class. Multi variate models will analyse these associations further.  The distinct trajectories of depression and anxiety in CHD will provide important information on the specific ways in which these symptoms affect patients, and provide unique insight into the monitoring and management of this comorbidity.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Productive Language Skills.

Emotional intelligence has recently attracted educators' attention around the world. Educators who try to investigate the factors in language learning achievement have decided to pave the way to success through emotional intelligence. The relationship between emotional intelligence and language learning is the major concern of this study. The study is to examine the role of emotional intelligence in second language learning and its effect on productive language skills: speaking and writing. At the end of the academic year, 150 students from different disciplines of the university and studying English as a foreign language in the School of Foreign Languages were asked to complete the Emotional Intelligence Inventory (EQ i) Collected data were matched with the students' academic scores in speaking and writing. Predicting foreign language learning success from emotional intelligence variables produced divergent results. When EQ i variables were compared in groups (successful vs. unsuccessful) who had achieved very different levels of academic success and scores in different skills, foreign language learning was strongly associated with several dimensions of emotional intelligence. All collected data were coded and computerized using the SPSS software and the alpha level for the tests was set at .05. After calculating each participant's emotional intelligence scores and their success in speaking and writing skills, their scores were compared to the variables selected for the study and each other. A positive and close relation between EQ and foreign language proficiency can be drawn out according to the results.
Diversity of aquatic and riparian Coleoptera of the Philippines: checklist, state of knowledge, priorities for future research and conservation

The diversity of the aquatic and strictly riparian beetles of the Philippines is reviewed. A checklist (with 317 species and subspecies) of the aquatic and riparian Coleoptera of the Philippines is provided for the first time herein. This checklist covers the following families (number of species and subspecies in parentheses) Hydroscaphidae (1) Gyrinidae (15) Dytiscidae (65) Noteridae (4) Haliplidae (2) Hydraenidae (15) Hydrochidae (2) Spercheidae (1) Hydrophilidae (72) Scirtidae (49) Elmidae (23) Dryopidae (2) Psephenidae (16) Eulichadidae (1) Limnichidae (20) Heteroceridae (5) Malachiidae (5) Lampyridae (15) Nitidulidae (4) A total of 201 species and subspecies (63% are considered to be endemic to the Philippines. Aquatic/riparian beetle genera and families that are still unrecorded but likely to occur in this country are briefly discussed. Based on estimates at the genus level, it is concluded that about 850 aquatic and riparian species can be expected to occur in the Philippines. The implication of the Philippine biogeographic history for this diversity is discussed. The potential of aquatic/riparian beetles as bioindicators is briefly examined. The dilemma of aquatic invertebrate conservation is analysed and priorities for future research are outlined.
Predicting Instructor Performance Using Data Mining Techniques in Higher Education
Venue: IEEE Access

Data mining applications are becoming a more common tool in understanding and solving educational and administrative problems in higher education. In general, research in educational mining focuses on modeling student's performance instead of instructors' performance. One of the common tools to evaluate instructors' performance is the course evaluation questionnaire to evaluate based on students' perception. In this paper, four different classification techniques decision tree algorithms, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and discriminant analysis are used to build classifier models. Their performances are compared over a data set composed of responses of students to a real course evaluation questionnaire using accuracy, precision, recall, and specificity performance metrics. Although all the classifier models show comparably high classification performances, C5.0 classifier is the best with respect to accuracy, precision, and specificity. In addition, an analysis of the variable importance for each classifier model is done. Accordingly, it is shown that many of the questions in the course evaluation questionnaire appear to be irrelevant. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the instructors' success based on the students' perception mainly depends on the interest of the students in the course. The findings of this paper indicate the effectiveness and expressiveness of data mining models in course evaluation and higher education mining. Moreover, these findings may be used to improve the measurement instruments.
A Practical Security Architecture for In Vehicle CAN FD
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems

The controller area network with flexible data rate (CAN FD) is attracting attention as the next generation of in vehicle network technology. However, security issues have not been completely taken into account when designing CAN FD, although every bit of information transmitted could be critical to driver safety. If we fail to solve the security vulnerabilities of CAN FD, we cannot expect Vehicle Information and Communications Technology (Vehicle ICT) convergence to continue to develop. Fortunately, secure in vehicle CAN FD communication environments can be constructed using the larger data payload of CAN FD. In this paper, we propose a security architecture for in vehicle CAN FD as a countermeasure (designed in accordance with CAN FD specifications) We considered the characteristics of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26262 Automotive Safety Integrity Level and the in vehicle subnetwork to design a practical security architecture. We also evaluated the feasibility of the proposed security architecture using three kinds of microcontroller unit and the CANoe software. Our evaluation findings may be used as an indicator of the performance level of electronic control units for manufacturing next generation vehicles.
Institutional Entrepreneurship, Practice Memory, and Cultural Memory: Choice and Creativity in the Pursuit of Endogenous Change of Local Authority Budgeting

This paper explores how a lower government organisation can act as an institutional entrepreneur. It builds on recent public sector budgeting research that identified the endogenisation of budget rules as an important element of institutional entrepreneurship. Inspired by a Wittgensteinian practice theory we identify rules as one element of budget practices and proceed to investigate the endogenisation of another element, termed teleoaffective structure. It refers to the objectives and ends of a practice and the moods and emotions with which they tend to be associated. We develop our argument with reference to two innovative accounting practices developed by Newcastle City Council in order to address radical cutbacks of their central government grants. We emphasise the historical dimension of the endogenisation of teleoaffective structure and show in particular the potential significance of practice memory and cultural memory for shaping teleoaffective structure.
The effects of fantastical pretend play on the development of executive functions: An intervention study.
Venue: Journal of experimental child psychology

Although recent correlational studies have found a relationship between fantasy orientation (FO; i.e. a child's propensity to play in a fantastical realm) and higher order cognitive skills called executive functions (EFs) no work has addressed the causality and directionality of this relationship. The current study experimentally examined the directionality of the observed relationship between FO and EF development in preschool aged children through an innovative play intervention employing a randomized controlled design. A sample of 110 children between the ages of 3 and 5years were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: fantastical pretend play intervention, non imaginative play intervention, or business as usual control. Results revealed that children who participated in a 5 week fantastical pretend play intervention showed improvements in EFs, whereas children in the other two conditions did not. Within the fantastical pretend play condition, children who were highly engaged in the play and those who were highly fantastical demonstrated the greatest gains in EFs. These data provide evidence for the equifinal relationship between fantasy oriented play and EF development, such that engaging in fantasy oriented play may be one of many ways to directly enhance EF development.
The anatomical and functional specialization of the fusiform gyrus
Venue: Neuropsychologia

The fusiform gyrus (FG) is commonly included in anatomical atlases and is considered a key structure for functionally specialized computations of high level vision such as face perception, object recognition, and reading. However, it is not widely known that the FG has a contentious history. In this review, we first provide a historical analysis of the discovery of the FG and why certain features, such as the mid fusiform sulcus, were discovered and then forgotten. We then discuss how observer independent methods for identifying cytoarchitectonical boundaries of the cortex revolutionized our understanding of cytoarchitecture and the correspondence between those boundaries and cortical folding patterns of the FG. We further explain that the co occurrence between cortical folding patterns and cytoarchitectonical boundaries are more common than classically thought and also, are functionally meaningful especially on the FG and probably in high level visual cortex more generally. We conclude by proposing a series of alternatives for how the anatomical organization of the FG can accommodate seemingly different theoretical aspects of functional processing, such as domain specificity and perceptual expertise.