nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimized synthesis and crystalline stability of g cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks for drug adsorption.
Venue: International journal of pharmaceutics

The biocompatible and renewable cyclodextrin metal organic frameworks (CD MOFs) have addressed a range of opportunities in molecular storage and separation sciences. The reported protocols for their synthesis, however, were carried out at room temperature over long time periods of time (24h) producing crystals of relatively poor uniformity. In this investigation, micron sized g CD MOFs were synthesized by an optimized vapor diffusion method at elevated temperature (50degC) within 6h, after which the size control, crystalline stability and drug adsorption behavior were investigated in detail. In this manner, uniform cubic g CD MOF crystals were obtained when the reaction temperature was raised to 50degC with pre addition of the reaction solvent. The size of g CD MOFs was adjusted efficiently by changing the reactant concentrations, temperatures, time, g CD ratios to KOH and surfactant concentrations, without influencing the porosity and crystallinity of the material markedly. Varing degrees of reduction in crystallinity and change in morphology were observed when the g CD MOF crystals are treated under conditions of high temperature (100degC) high humidity (92.5% and polar solvents (e.g. MeOH and DMF) In relation to drug adsorption by g CD MOFs, most of the drug molecules containing carboxyl groups showed relatively high adsorption >5% while low adsorption <5% was found for drugs with nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of captopril to standard g CD MOFs matched a pseudo second order model rather well, whilst captopril adsorption to the damaged g CD MOFs only partially matched the pseudo second order model. In summary, based upon the optimized synthesis and size control of g CD MOFs, the crystalline stability and drug adsorption characteristics of g CD MOF crystals have been evaluated as a fundamental requirement of a potential vehicle for drug delivery.
What Will 5G Be? Trends for nanotechnology, video systems, networks management, radio frequency, spectrum management, and regulation in Brazil

The previous four generations (4G) of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a new paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. To support this, the core network will also have to reach unprecedented levels of flexibility and intelligence, spectrum regulation will need to be rethought and improved, and energy and cost efficiencies will become even more critical considerations. This paper discusses all of these topics, identifying key challenges for future research and preliminary 5G standardization activities, while providing a comprehensive overview of the current literature, and in particular of the papers appearing in this special issue.
The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: A revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach

This paper considers a revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis with potential impact of renewable energy consumption on environmental quality. To this end, paper aims at investigating the validity of the EKC hypothesis employing the dependent variable of CO2 emissions and regressors of GDP, quadratic GDP and renewable energy consumption. This paper, hence, analyzes this revisited EKC hypothesis to observe if (i) there exists an inverted U shaped relationship between environmental quality (in terms of CO2 emissions) per capita income and per capita income squared and (ii) there exists a negative causality from renewables to CO2 emissions within EKC model. Paper employs a panel data set of 17 OECD countries over the period 1977 2010 and launches panel FMOLS and panel DOLS estimations. The findings support the EKC hypothesis for the panel and indicate that GDP per capita and GDP per capita squared have the impacts on CO2 emissions positively and negatively, respectively, and that renewable energy consumption yields negative impact on CO2 emissions. Another remark of this paper is that the validity of EKC does not depend on income level of individual countries of panel in which EKC hypothesis holds. Eventually, paper argues that if countries carry out (i) policies, i.e. for fair and easy access to the electricity from renewable sources and (ii) policies to increase renewables supply through i.e. improved renewable energy technologies, they will be able to contribute to combating global warming problem as they increase their GDP's.
What impacts of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions and the economic and financial development? A panel data vector autoregressive (PVAR) approach
Venue: 2016 7th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC)

This study employed a PVAR approach due its numerous advantages to investigate the relative effects of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions and the economic and financial development in 24 MENA countries from 1980 to 2012. Results highlight that the degree of effect of renewable energy use is not very pronounced, which implies that the renewable energy sector in these economies is in its immaturity. This study shows that the investigated countries should improve the renewable energy sector through providing banking loans for investment on green energy projects not only to reduce environmental damage but also to promote economic growth simultaneously.
Distribution of Herbivorous Fish Is Frozen by Low Temperature
Venue: Scientific reports

The number of herbivores in populations of ectothermic vertebrates decreases with increasing latitude. At higher latitudes, fish consuming plant matter are exclusively omnivorous. We assess whether omnivorous fish readily shift to herbivory or whether animal prey is typically preferred. We address temperature as the key factor causing their absence at higher latitudes and discuss the potential poleward dispersion caused by climate changes. A controlled experiment illustrates that rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) readily utilize plant matter at water temperatures above 20 degC and avoid its consumption below 20 degC. Field data support these results, showing that plant matter dominates rudd diets during the summer and is absent during the spring. Utilizing cellulose requires the enzyme cellulase, which is produced by microorganisms growing at temperatures of 15 42 degC. Water temperatures at higher latitudes do not reach 15 degC year round; at our latitude of 50degN~150 days/year. Hence, the species richness of omnivorous fish decreases dramatically above 55deg latitude. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that strict herbivorous specialists have developed only in the tropics. Temperatures below 15 degC, even for a short time period, inactivate cellulase and cause diet limitations for omnivorous fish. However, we may expect increases in herbivory at higher latitudes caused by climate change.
Using Distributional Semantics for Automatic Taxonomy Induction
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT)

Semantic taxonomies are powerful tools that provide structured knowledge to Natural Language Processing (NLP) Information Retreval (IR) and general Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. These taxonomies are extensively used for solving knowledge rich problems such as textual entailment and question answering. In this paper, we present a taxonomy induction system and evaluate it using the benchmarks provided in the Taxonomy Extraction Evaluation (TExEval2) Task. The task is to identify hyponym hypernym relations and to construct a taxonomy from a given domain specific list. Our approach is based on a word embedding, trained from a large corpus and string matching approaches. The overall approach is semi supervised. We propose a generic algorithm that utilizes the vectors from the embedding effectively, to identify hyponym hypernym relations and to induce the taxonomy. The system generated taxonomies on English language for three different domains (environment, food and science) which are evaluated against gold standard taxonomies. The system achieved good results for hyponym hypernym identification and taxonomy induction, especially when compared to other tools using similar background knowledge.
Squib: Expressive Power of Abstract Meaning Representations
Venue: CL

The syntax of abstract meaning representations (AMRs) can be defined recursively, and a systematic translation to first order logic (FOL) can be specified, including a proper treatment of negation. AMRs without recurrent variables are in the decidable two variable fragment of FOL. The current definition of AMRs has limited expressive power for universal quantification (up to one universal quantifier per sentence) A simple extension of the AMR syntax and translation to FOL provides the means to represent projection and scope phenomena.
Literacy Rate in Pakistan, Province Wise and its Impact on Economy

The basic objective of this paper is to determine and analyze the province wise literacy ratio in Pakistan and its impact on economy. Pakistan belong to those nations who have world worst literacy rate which having core reason of slow agricultural growth and destructive economy. In this study we will check Pakistan literacy rate province wise and its comparison with some Asian countries; India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. In Pakistan the most important vital component is education for success and development of any nation which is ignored and has resulted in the lowest literacy rate in world. Pakistan has ranked at 113 positions in the total of 120 countries which is huge issue for nation as well as for the economic development. Unfortunately Pakistan is ranked at 113 positions in the total 120 countries in literacy rate which is one big shame for the nation as well as for the administration of the country. Literacy rate is not just issue but it is alarming the current situation of the country. If consideration and improvement in education sector will not be taken, the future of Pakistan will be predestined in more issues. Further; we will also focus on the current literacy rate of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan.
A validation study of the Brazilian version of the pornography consumption inventory (PCI) in a sample of female university students.
Venue: Journal of forensic and legal medicine

Although men constitute the widest consumer group of pornography, the Internet has facilitated both the production of and access to pornographic material by women as well. However, few measures are available to examine pornography use constructs, which can compromise the reliability of statements regarding the harmful use of pornography. Our study aimed to confirm the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) in a sample of female university students in Brazil. The PCI is a four factor, 15 item, five point Likert type scale. After translation and back translation of the PCI, it was administered to 105 female medical students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the construct validity. The results supported the four factor model of the PCI. The model showed adequate internal reliability and good fit indices (comparative fit index (CFI) 0.95, Tucker Lewis index (TLI) 0.94, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) 0.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 0.09) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) 0.08) Overall, the findings from this study support the use of the PCI in Portuguese speaking women.
Factor Structure and Gender Stability of the Brazilian Version of the Pornography Consumption Inventory
Venue: Journal of sex marital therapy

There are a few instruments available to measure pornograhy consumption related constructs, and this lack of instruments can compromise the validity of research findings. The Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) assesses four motivations for pornography consumption, and it has been validated in hypersexual men and medical students. However, whether the psychometric properties of this instrument are comparable across genders remains unclear. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to verify the invariance of the structure of the PCI across male (100) and female (105) university students. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for each group showed a reasonably good fit of the data to the four factor model. The MGCFA model included only factor loadings constrained to be equal between both genders (DCFI 0.01 and p 0.05) However, the DCFI did not support a strong and strict factorial invariance, DCFI 0.01. Although both genders seemed to agree with the conceptualization of pornography and motivations for consuming it, the PCI was not gender invariant, as men showed a stronger degree of motivation to consume pornographic material than women did. The implications of these findings regarding the measurement of motivations for pornography use are outlined.
The Sexual Thoughts Questionnaire: Psychometric Evaluation of a Measure to Assess Self Reported Thoughts During Exposure to Erotica Using Sexually Functional Individuals.
Venue: The journal of sexual medicine

Validated instruments for assessing specific thought content during exposure to sexually explicit material are lacking.  To investigate the psychometric properties of a measure that assesses self reported thoughts during exposure to sexual stimuli in laboratory settings, namely the Sexual Thoughts Questionnaire. The factorial structure of the questionnaire and its reliability and validity were examined.  One hundred sixty seven sexually functional individuals (97 women and 70 men) were exposed to sexually explicit material while their genital arousal was being assessed. Subjective sexual arousal and thoughts during exposure to sexually explicit material also were assessed.  Women's genital arousal was measured with a vaginal photoplethysmograph and men's genital arousal was measured with an indium gallium strain gauge. Subjective sexual arousal and thoughts during exposure to erotica were assessed with self report scales.  Principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified five factors: sexual arousal thoughts, distractive and disengaging thoughts, body image and performance thoughts, actress's physical attractiveness thoughts, and sinful and lack of affection thoughts. Moreover, the scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency. Studies on convergent validity showed an association between self reported thoughts and subjective sexual arousal levels in the women and men.  The Sexual Thoughts Questionnaire showed adequate psychometric properties in a sexually functional sample. It could be useful in further experimental research on the role of cognitions in sexual response and allow further comparison between sexually functional and dysfunctional individuals, with possible significant implications for the assessment and treatment of sexual problems.
A human rights focused HIV intervention for sex workers in Metro Manila, Philippines: evaluation of effects in a quantitative pilot study
Venue: International Journal of Public Health

ObjectivesThis study evaluated a brief human rights focused HIV community mobilization intervention for sex workers in the Philippines, a country with one of the fastest rising number of HIV cases worldwide.MethodsFive single session group interventions to reduce sexual risk and increase HIV testing among 86 sex workers in Manila were evaluated with pre post test data via Wilcoxon's signed ranks and Mann Whitney tests. The 4 h intervention, Kapihan (August November, 2013) integrated human rights with HIV skill building. Demographic data, violence/trafficking victimization, human rights knowledge, and intentions to HIV test and treat were collected.ResultsParticipants were median aged 23; female (69 had children (55; 22 had 3+ children) used drugs (past 3 months: 16 sexually/physically abused by clients (66 20 street sex workers ever took an HIV test. Pre post test scores significantly improved in knowledge of HIV (z 8.895, p 0.001) reproductive health (z 3.850, p 0.001) human rights (z 4.391, p 0.001) ethical rights of research participants (z 5.081, p 0.001) and intentions to HIV test (z 4.868, p 0.001).ConclusionsIntegrating human rights into HIV interventions may empower sex workers to address their health and human rights and test for HIV.
M&A in the high tech industry: value and valuation

In the past decade, a high substantial number of academic literature and press articles have questioned merger or acquisition (M&A) transactions. If this enthusiasm towards M&A can be explained by the importance and the influence of any merger or acquisition decision for a company, it can be also attributed to the volume and the number of transactions that have been reported. This paper aims to analyse the value and the valuation of the most recent M&A deal in high tech industry.  This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.  The valuation tools and methods play a central role in M&A deal. Improving these tools to capture the uncertainty that embeds M&A deals remain the most challenging task for both practitioners and researchers.  The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.  The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy to digest format.
Automatic segmentation of cell nuclei using Krill Herd optimization based multi thresholding and Localized Active Contour Model

Analysis of tissue components in histopathology image stays on as the gold standard in detecting different types of cancers. Active Contour Models (ACM) serve as a widely useful tool in object segmentation in pathology images. Since the ACMs are susceptible to initial contour placement, efficiency of object detection is very much influenced by the selection of primary curve placement technique. In this paper, in order to handle diffused intensities present along object boundaries in histopathology images, segmentation of nuclei from breast histopathology images are carried out by Localized Active Contour Model (LACM) utilizing bio inspired optimization techniques in the detection stage. Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA) based optimal curve placement provides better initial boundaries compared with other detection techniques. The segmentation performance is investigated based on Housdorff (HD) and Maximum Absolute Distance (MAD) measures. The algorithm also shows comparable performance with other state of the art techniques in terms of quantitative measures such as Precision, Accuracy and Touching Nuclei Resolution when applied to complex images of stained breast biopsy slides.
Detecting Overlapping Community in Social Networks Based on Fuzzy Membership Degree
Venue: CSoNet

Overlapping community detection in social networks is a challenging task for revealing the community structure, as one user may belong to several communities. Most previous methods of overlapping community detection ignore the belonging levels when one node belongs to several communities. The membership degree is used to embody the belonging level. In this paper, an novel method calling Fuzzy Membership Degree Algorithm (FMA) is put forward. Firstly, we propagate the membership degree with consideration of the nodes attraction, which is a new proposed definition based on topological characteristics. Then we further mine communities under the guidance of Extended Modularity (EQ) In this paper, the proposed algorithm FMA makes full use of the topological information, and membership degree suggests the belonging level of overlapping community. Experiments on synthetic and real world networks demonstrate that our algorithm performs significantly.
Optimal Configuration of a Downward Facing Monocular Camera for Visual Odometry

An accurate estimation of a robot's pose is critical for autonomous mobile vehicles. Monocular vision based odometry is one of the robust methods used for estimating the relative motion of vehicles by using only a stream of images acquired from a camera mounted on the vehicle.  The location of the camera and its configuration can affect the quality of the localization process and the maximum permissible vehicle driving speed. In this work, the elements that can affect the permissible vehicle driving speed were recognized and the equations for this allowable speed were derived. Moreover, the optimal location and configuration of a downward facing monocular camera that ensures the success of Visual Odometry for car like ground vehicles in low textured environment are presented after an extensive analysis.  The results show that the suggested optimal camera configuration increases the permissible vehicle driving speed. Furthermore, the percentage of correlation mismatching between image frames is decreased as the suggested camera location avoids the negative consequences of shadows and directional sunlight that can add noise to image frames and interrupt the estimation of image pixel displacement.  The suggested camera configuration could be implemented in various commercial mobile robotic applications, which utilize visual odometry for improved accuracy, efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Prospection, well being and memory

Prospection (mental representation of the future) is an aspect of imagination that has recently become a focus of attention for researchers on memory. Evidence from a variety of sources points to episodic memory and future thinking as being very closely linked and both are connected to well being and mental health. This article provides an overview of some key findings linking episodic memory, future thinking and well being. Similarities and differences between episodic memories for the past and thoughts about the future are reviewed. It is suggested that the uncertainty inherent in future thinking implies a greater role for semantic memory in how people think about the future compared to how they remember the past. Understanding how semantic and episodic knowledge combine to create representations about the future has the potential to help elucidate ways in which people experiencing psychological distress think about the future.
High performance work systems, employee well being, and job involvement: an empirical study

Given the importance of high performance work systems (HPWS) with respect to firm competitive advantage, this paper holds that the contribution of HPWS toward the desired outcomes for organizations may depend significantly on employee job involvement. Underpinning the argument of happy workers being productive, the purpose of this paper is to propose the critical mediator of employee well being to explain the hypothesized multilevel relationship between HPWS and job involvement.  The authors distributed questionnaires to the target participants. Data collected from 451 employees and 50 HR managers/professionals of 50 firms in the three major industrial categories of manufacturing, finance, and service in Taiwan.  This study identifies the significance of employee well being by incorporating the theories of planned behavior and positive psychology and provides empirical evidence for the cross level influence of HPWS on employee well being and job involvement.