nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Signals Controlling the Inhibition of Nodulation by Nitrate in Medicago truncatula
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

The presence of nitrogen inhibits legume nodule formation, but the mechanism of this inhibition is poorly understood. We found that 2.5 mM nitrate and above significantly inhibited nodule initiation but not root hair curling in Medicago trunatula. We analyzed protein abundance in M. truncatula roots after treatment with either 0 or 2.5 mM nitrate in the presence or absence of its symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti after 1, 2 and 5 days following inoculation. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry was used to identify 106 differentially accumulated proteins responding to nitrate addition, inoculation or time point. While flavonoid related proteins were less abundant in the presence of nitrate, addition of Nod gene inducing flavonoids to the Sinorhizobium culture did not rescue nodulation. Accumulation of auxin in response to rhizobia, which is also controlled by flavonoids, still occurred in the presence of nitrate, but did not localize to a nodule initiation site. Several of the changes included defense and redox related proteins, and visualization of reactive oxygen species indicated that their induction in root hairs following Sinorhizobium inoculation was inhibited by nitrate. In summary, the presence of nitrate appears to inhibit nodulation via multiple pathways, including changes to flavonoid metabolism, defense responses and redox changes.
CD19 CAR T cells of defined CD4+:CD8+ composition in adult B cell ALL patients.
Venue: The Journal of clinical investigation

T cells that have been modified to express a CD19 specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have antitumor activity in B cell malignancies; however, identification of the factors that determine toxicity and efficacy of these T cells has been challenging in prior studies in which phenotypically heterogeneous CAR T cell products were prepared from unselected T cells.  We conducted a clinical trial to evaluate CD19 CAR T cells that were manufactured from defined CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets and administered in a defined CD4+:CD8+ composition to adults with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia after lymphodepletion chemotherapy.  The defined composition product was remarkably potent, as 27 of 29 patients (93% achieved BM remission, as determined by flow cytometry. We established that high CAR T cell doses and tumor burden increase the risks of severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity. Moreover, we identified serum biomarkers that allow testing of early intervention strategies in patients at the highest risk of toxicity. Risk stratified CAR T cell dosing based on BM disease burden decreased toxicity. CD8+ T cell mediated anti CAR transgene product immune responses developed after CAR T cell infusion in some patients, limited CAR T cell persistence, and increased relapse risk. Addition of fludarabine to the lymphodepletion regimen improved CAR T cell persistence and disease free survival.  Immunotherapy with a CAR T cell product of defined composition enabled identification of factors that correlated with CAR T cell expansion, persistence, and toxicity and facilitated design of lymphodepletion and CAR T cell dosing strategies that mitigated toxicity and improved disease free survival.
The provenance of export porcelain from the Nan'ao One shipwreck in the South China Sea
Venue: Antiquity

The discovery of the Nan'ao One shipwreck off the southern coast of China throws new light onto Chinese maritime trade during the late Ming period. The primary cargo was a massive consignment of blue and white export porcelain, most probably destined for markets in Southeast Asia or Europe. Compositional analysis was performed on 11 fragments of blue and white export porcelain from the wreck site and on 64 samples from 3 Chinese porcelain production centres. The results indicate that the blue and white export porcelain recovered from the Nan'ao One came from two sources: the Jingdezhen and Zhangzhou kilns. Given the location of the shipwreck, the most probable destinations were the Portuguese trading centre at Macau or the Dutch at Batavia.
Shark Skin Surface for Fluid Drag Reduction in Turbulent Flow

Nature has created ways of reducing drag in fluid flow, evident in the efficient movement of fish, dolphins, and sharks. The mucus secreted by fish causes a reduction in drag as they move through water, protects the fish from abrasion by making the fish slide across objects rather than scrape, and prevents disease by making the surface of the fish difficult for microscopic organisms to adhere to (Shephard, 1994) [Accumulation of unwanted biological matter on surfaces with biofilms created by microorganisms is referred to as biofouling (Bixler and Bhushan, 2012) It has been known for many years that by adding as little as a few hundred parts per million guar, a naturally occurring polymer, friction in pipe flow, can be reduced by up to two thirds. Other synthetic polymers provide an even larger benefit (Hoyt, 1975) The compliant skin of the dolphin has also been studied for drag reducing properties. By responding to the pressure fluctuations across the surface, a compliant material on the surface of an object in a fluid flow has been shown to be beneficial. Though early studies showed dramatic drag reduction benefits, later studies have only been able to confirm 7% drag reduction (Choi et al. 1997)
Marine Organisms with Anti Diabetes Properties
Venue: Marine drugs

Diabetes is a chronic degenerative metabolic disease with high morbidity and mortality rates caused by its complications. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in looking for new bioactive compounds to treat this disease, including metabolites of marine origin. Several aquatic organisms have been screened to evaluate their possible anti diabetes activities, such as bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, seagrasses, sponges, corals, sea anemones, fish, salmon skin, a shark fusion protein as well as fish and shellfish wastes. Both in vitro and in vivo screenings have been used to test anti hyperglycemic and anti diabetic activities of marine organisms. This review summarizes recent discoveries in anti diabetes properties of several marine organisms as well as marine wastes, existing patents and possible future research directions in this field.
Motivaciones en mujeres jovenes latinoamericanas para iniciar y permanecer en comunidades de videojuegos online competitivos. Caso de estudio: League of Legends

Los deportes electronicos o eSports son el resultado de la profesionalizacion de los videojuegos online competitivos. El mercado de los deportes electronicos esta creciendo y cada vez amplia mas sus limites geograficos gracias a que la experiencia de usuario es posible a traves de internet, asi como a la creciente participacion de publico femenino. Los videojuegos competitivos tradicionalmente han sido de mayor gusto en hombres que en mujeres. Sin embargo, en la actual era digital donde es mas facil encontrar espacios comunes a traves de la red, asi como formas de socializar e interactuar, se observa una creciente participacion de publico femenino, no solo en el entorno virtual competitivo y colaborativo, sino tambien en los espacios fisicos donde se generan eventos con base en los juegos online. Las razones por las cuales la cantidad de videojugadoras es cada vez mayor se han explorado en otras regiones, pero hay poca informacion al respecto en la zona de Latinoamerica; es mas, hay poca informacion en general del consumidor del mercado emergente de videojugadores online. El proposito de este estudio es explorar las motivaciones de la mujeres jovenes para hacer parte de la comunidad gamer online.
Spatiotemporal alignment for low level asynchronous data fusion with radar sensors in grid based tracking and mapping
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)

Fusion of data from multiple sensors is often necessary to achieve an environment model, which meets the requirements of real world applications, in particular those of autonomous vehicles. Sensor data fusion at a low level yields potential advantages, as the data is fused before its interpretation with models and assumptions. However, spatiotemporal alignment, required for a precise fusion in dynamic environments, is difficult, as the sensors often cannot be synchronized. In this work, different approaches for spatiotemporal alignment of data from asynchronous sensors for low level fusion are presented. Focus is given on radar sensors, as they allow measuring radial velocities in addition to range and bearing. The results are used to calculate fused measurement grids for grid based tracking and mapping.
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Victims of Terrorist Attacks
Venue: Psychological reports

This article was aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of terrorist attacks. Electronic and hand searches of the literature identified 35 studies addressing PTSD prevalence based on validated diagnostic interviews. Overall, in the year after terrorist attacks, 33% to 39% of direct victims developed PTSD, whereas the percentage of indirect victims with PTSD was lower (4% in the affected community, 5% 6% among emergency, rescue, and recovery workers, and 17% 29% among relatives and friends of the injured or killed victims) but nonetheless above the prevalence in the general population. With the passing of time, a significant reduction of PTSD can be expected in the affected community and in the emergency and rescue personnel, but not in the injured victims, in the relatives and friends of the injured or killed victims, and in nontraditional, more vulnerable disaster workers. The implications of these results for the psychological treatment of terrorism victims are discussed.
Spiritually Sensitive Social Work with Victims of Natural Disasters and Terrorism
Venue: British journal of social work

As a primary intervention, raising the topics of faith and religion with individuals traumatised by terrorism and/or natural disasters can be daunting for social workers, because victims often enter the helping relationship with feelings of helplessness, loss of personal control and of doubt about their relationships, environment, and their cultural and belief systems. Just as clients benefit from knowledge and awareness in the aftermath of a traumatic event, insights gleaned from traumatic experiences and from research can be useful for social workers grappling with the challenges associated with designing and deploying appropriate helping strategies with victims of disaster and terrorism. This article draws on extant literature and survey research, to explore how social workers might ethically assess clients' spiritual perspectives and incorporate helping activities that support clients' recovery, in the context of a spiritually sensitive helping relationship with victims of disaster and terrorism.
A Survey of the University Students' Perspectives about Using Digital Technologies in Education: Zimbabwean Case

This study investigated the perspectives of university students on the use of digital technologies as tools for teaching and learning. Digital technologies are an essential asset for academic institutions as they can support strategic teaching and learning objectives for education institutions. Studies have shown that limited use of digital technologies could lead to a second order digital divide. This problem negatively impacts the Government and university efforts and initiatives of increased technological investment. There is therefore a need to uncover and obtain a deeper insight into university students' perspectives due to the sparse literature discussing this problem within the Zimbabwean context. Quantitative data on student perspectives was collected using 100 questionnaires administered to students at a single university of technology in Zimbabwe. Although the findings concur with existing literature that students highly value the integration of technology into their learning process, there were issues that appeared to be peculiar to the surveyed environment. For example, the surveyed students professed disappointment with the current traditional teaching methods despite the high availability and accessibility to digital technologies within the institution. They indicated their frustration emanating from the disconnection between commonly used teaching methods and the digital technologies effective for teaching and learning.
Mindfulness Training for Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Venue: Journal of Alzheimer's disease JAD

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults is a condition with a complex phenomenology and diverse etiologies including (but not limited to) mood, personality, and health concerns, as well as biomarkers of preclinical Alzheimer's disease such as amyloid b deposition and gray matter volume loss. Approximately 60% of affected persons are estimated to decline to Alzheimer's dementia. Regardless of etiology, persons with SCD may be optimal targets for early intervention.  To ascertain the feasibility and impact of mindfulness training (MT) as an early intervention in persons with SCD.  Using a single blind, randomized controlled trial design, older adults with (n 14) and without (n 22) SCD were randomized to either MT or a control condition of psychoeducation (PE) on cognitive aging. EEG/ERP (specifically, the P3 component) structural MRI, and self report measures of psychological functioning were obtained within 4 weeks prior to and within 2 weeks following intervention.  MT resulted in decreased reaction time intra individual variability for all participants, with a selective increase in the P3 event related component for those with SCD. Compared with PE, MT also resulted in an increase in percent volume brain change in structural MRI. Finally, all SCD participants reported a decrease in cognitive complaints and increase in memory self efficacy following intervention.  Results suggest that MT is a feasible early intervention in persons with SCD. Longer term follow up with larger sample sizes will determine whether MT can slow the rate of decline in persons who may be at risk for Alzheimer's dementia.
A Comparative Study on Beliefs of Grammar Teaching between High School English Teachers and Students in China.

Grammar is "a system of rules governing the conventional arrangement and relationship of words in a sentence" (Brown 1994) which can facilitate the acquisition of a foreign language and is conducive for cultivating comprehensive language competence. Most teachers regard grammar as a frame of English learning. The grammar teaching beliefs held by teachers can affect their practical teaching behaviors in class, thus can have different teaching results in the end. Therefore, through quantitative and qualitative research, this paper aims to investigate the present status of grammar beliefs of high school students as well as teachers' beliefs and their grammar teaching behaviors, analyze and compare the similarities and differences between them. The result shows that teachers' grammar teaching has the tendency of communicative teaching while students' grammar beliefs have the characteristic of integration of communicative and traditional grammar teaching. Teachers' grammar teaching behaviors can basically be consistent with their grammar teaching beliefs.
Teaching and Research: Options in Grammar Teaching

instruction contributes to language learning, but there has been very little discussion of how the knowledge provided by this research can inform language teaching. This article reviews research that addresses how grammar can best be taught in terms of four theoretically motivated instructional options: (a) structured input, (b) explicit instruction, (c) production practice, and (d) negative feedback. Given the difficulty of reaching firm conclusions based on this research, a number of possibilities for the pedagogic utilization of the information it makes available are considered, based on the distinction between teachers' practical knowledge and technical knowledge. These possibilities are (a) treating the research findings as provisional specifications to be experimented with through teaching, (b) conducting action research, and (c) conducting participatory research involving teachers and researchers working collaboratively. The need for research that investigates how teachers integrate technical knowledge into their personal pedagogical systems is also recognized. T his article addresses the relationship between language teaching and research. It also examines what current second language acquisition (SLA) research has to say about the effectiveness of different ways of teaching grammar. These two purposes are related. An account of instructional options serves as a basis for proposing how SLA research and teaching might best inform each other.
Metaphors and grammar teaching

Despite the need for transparency and efficiency in explaining grammatical features to learners of a foreign language only very few systematic attempts have been undertaken to demonstrate the pedagogical added value of concept based approaches to grammar instruction. The purpose of the paper is (1) to discuss the theoretical underpinnings of such an approach, to (2) present relevant theories of multimedia learning and (3) to summarize some empirical evidence on the efficiency of such an approach to language teaching and learning. The concept based animated grammar, developed for German, uses a broad range of cognitive linguistic principles for foreign language learning in such areas as, for example, modal verbs or the passive voice.
Magneto thermoelasticity with two fractional order heat transfer

A new mathematical model of the equations of two temperature magneto thermoelasticity theory for a perfect conducting solid has been constructed in the context of a new consideration of heat conduction with a time fractional derivative of order a (0 a 1) and a time fractional integral of order u (0 u 2) This model is applied to one dimensional problem for a perfect conducting half space of elastic solid with heat source distribution in the presence of a constant magnetic field. Laplace transforms and state space techniques will be used to obtain the general solution for any set of boundary conditions. A numerical method is employed for the inversion of the Laplace transforms. According to the numerical results and their graphs, conclusions about the new theory are given. Some comparisons are shown in figures to estimate the effects of the fractional order parameters and the temperature discrepancy on all the studied fields.
"Which first was mine own king" Caliban and the Politics of Service and Education in The Tempest

We can only fully understand Shakespeare's Caliban if we consider his career as a servant and student in Prospero's "cell." Critics have long acknowledged that this career is key to Caliban's character in the play's current moment, but they typically say little about the mundane ways that service and education were supposed to influence early modern young people. As training grounds for life, early modern households and schoolrooms were supposed to equip servants and students with a hierarchical world view and flexible capacities for political action. Caliban speaks and acts like someone who absorbed such training in Prospero's "cell" and who subsequently became disillusioned by it. Reading Caliban in this way illuminates aspects of his fraught and critically contested history with Prospero and Miranda as well as the play's relationship with early modern cultures of service and education more generally.
Policies and practices on the programmatic management of latent tuberculous infection: global survey.
Venue: The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease

Global survey among low tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, which are primary target countries for the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on the programmatic management of latent tuberculous infection (LTBI)  To perform a baseline assessment of policies and practices for the programmatic management of LTBI.   Of 74 respondent countries, 75.7% (56/74) had a national policy on LTBI. The majority of the countries (67/74, 90.5% provided LTBI testing and treatment for child contacts of TB cases, while almost two thirds (49/74, 66% reported provision of LTBI testing and treatment to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) Six countries (8.1% did not report providing LTBI management to child contacts and PLHIV. Among countries that reported both the availability of policy and practice of testing and treatment of LTBI for at risk populations, a system for recording and reporting data was available in 62% (33/53) for child contacts and in 53% (21/40) for PLHIV.  Countries need to ensure that national LTBI policies and a standardised monitoring and evaluation system are in place to promote the programmatic management of LTBI.
An Algorithm for In Flight Spectral Calibration of Imaging Spectrometers
Venue: Remote. Sens.

Accurate spectral calibration of satellite and airborne spectrometers is essential for remote sensing applications that rely on accurate knowledge of center wavelength (CW) positions and slit function parameters (SFP) We present a new in flight spectral calibration algorithm that retrieves CWs and SFPs across a wide spectral range by fitting a high resolution solar spectrum and atmospheric absorbers to in flight radiance spectra. Using a maximum a posteriori optimal estimation approach, the quality of the fit can be improved with a priori information. The algorithm was tested with synthetic spectra and applied to data from the APEX imaging spectrometer over the spectral range of 385 870 nm. CWs were retrieved with high accuracy (uncertainty <0.05 spectral pixels) from Fraunhofer lines below 550 nm and atmospheric absorbers above 650 nm. This enabled a detailed characterization of APEX's across track spectral smile and a previously unknown along track drift. The FWHMs of the slit function were also retrieved with good accuracy <10% uncertainty) for synthetic spectra, while some obvious misfits appear for the APEX spectra that are likely related to radiometric calibration issues. In conclusion, our algorithm significantly improves the in flight spectral calibration of APEX and similar spectrometers, making them better suited for the retrieval of atmospheric and surface variables relying on accurate calibration.
Research Progresses and Trends of Onboard Switching for Satellite Communications
Venue: SINC

As broadband satellite communication (SAT COM) systems develop rapidly, Onboard Switching (OBS) technologies with flexible connectivity has attracted much attention by academic researchers and industry. However, due to the threat by the space radiation effects and the firm constraints of payload processing and power resources, OBS technologies are facing to great challenges in terms of its reliability and scalability. In the past literatures, in order to improve the connectivity and reliability of the single path Crossbar switch, the multi path Clos network is widely investigated for preferable adoption in OBS. Nevertheless, due to the extensive use of centralized scheduling, the current Clos network with low scalability is not applicable for high throughput OBS systems. In this paper, by analyzing progresses and trends of decades of related researches, the developing directions of OBS are provided and discussed, combining the switching architecture, the queuing strategy and the corresponding scheduling algorithms. By employing specific queuing structure to sup port distributed scheduling in the Clos network and along with distributed, fault tolerant scheduling algorithms, the requirements for high scalability and fault tolerance of the OBS systems can be efficiently guaranteed, which is expected to be a new trend of OBS researches.