nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An encryption then compression system for JPEG XR standard
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)

In many multimedia applications, image encryption has to be conducted prior to image compression. This paper proposes an Encryption then Compression system using a JPEG XR friendly perceptual encryption method, which enables to be conducted prior to JPEG XR compression. The proposed encryption method can provide approximately the same compression performance as that of JPEG XR compression without any encryption. It is also shown that the proposed system consists of four block based encryption steps, and provides a reasonably high level of security. Most of conventional perceptual encryption methods have not been designed for international compression standards, but for the first time this paper focuses on applying the JPEG XR standard, which supports lossy and lossless coding for various kinds of images including high dynamic range images.
From the alternating sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia. Part IV
Venue: Journal of Mining Science

The scope of this expert and analytical review encompasses major achievements in the area of nonlinear geomechanics, geophysics, geomonitoring and advanced information technologies with a view to developing the natural and induced emergency prevention and response technology listed among the "national critical technologies" in the Russian Federation. The topical trends of the related R&D activities are basic research in physics and geomechanics of natural and induced failure source formation and growth in rocks and in mines, and creation of multi layer geoinformation monitoring system for geomechanical and geodynamic safety in Russia. The authors believe that the described R&D activities may be the basis for an international multidisciplinary mega project in geosciences: Engineering and Creation of the World's Multi Layer Geomechanical, Geodynamic and Environmental Safety Geoinformation Monitoring System.
On Facial Age Progression Based on Modified Active Appearance Models with Face Texture
Venue: UKCI

Age progression that involves the reconstruction of facial appearance with a natural ageing effect has several applications. These include the search for missing people and identification of fugitives. The majority of age progression methods reported in the literature are data driven. Hence, such methods learn from training data and utilise statistical models such as 3D morphable models and active appearance models (AAM) Principal component analysis (PCA) which is a vital part of these models has an unfortunate drawback of averaging out texture details. Therefore, they work as a low pass filter and as such many of the face skin deformations and minor details become faded. Interestingly, recent work in 2D and 3D animation has shown that patches of the human face are somewhat similar when compared in isolation. Thus, researchers have proposed generating novel faces by compositing small face patches, usually from large image databases. Following these ideas, we propose a novel age progression model which synthesises aged faces using a hybrid of these two techniques. First, an invertible model of age synthesis is developed using AAM and sparse partial least squares regression (sPLS) Then the texture details of the face are enhanced using the patch based synthesis approach. Our results show that the hybrid algorithm produces both unique and realistic images. Furthermore, our method demonstrates that the identity and ageing effects of subjects can be more emphasised.
Mobile Security Assurance through ArchiMate

ArchiMate is used to describe Business, Application and Technology Architectures models for Enterprise Architecture. Although ArchiMate provides mobile architecture modeling capability, it is not mentioned how to show the security related assuredness of mobile architecture modeled by ArchiMate. In this paper, a method to create security assurance cases from mobile architecture models in ArchiMate is proposed to argue the mobile security. The method can also create security assurance cases for EA models in ArchiMate.
Mobile Security Assurance for Automotive Software Through ArchiMate
Venue: MobiSec

ArchiMate is used to describe Business, Application and Technology Architectures models for Enterprise Architecture. Although the effectiveness of creating security case method in ArchiMate has been shown for mobile services, the applicability of the method was not discussed for the automotive mobile software development. In this paper, the method of creating security cases for mobile architecture models in ArchiMate is applied to an automotive mobile service and evaluated. The result shows the applicability of the method for various mobile security architecture domains.
Challenges to Implementing Communicative Language Teaching CLT in Bangladesh

This paper analyzes the challenges to implementing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Bangladesh where the introduction of CLT to teach English is a relatively recent phenomenon. The paper starts with a brief history of CLT, followed by its characteristic features and objectives. Next, it explores the role of teachers and learners as well as teaching activities in CLT. Then it discusses the challenges to implementing CLT in some countries of the world and introducing CLT in Bangladesh. Based on the previous research, it shows that large class sizes, mismatches between curriculum and assessment, cultural inappropriateness, lack of training, and poor socioeconomic conditions are the major challenges to implementing CLT in Bangladesh. It also sheds light on the recommendations for overcoming those challenges provided by the researchers. Finally, the paper concludes with the implication for further research to explore the ways to adapt CLT in the large classrooms in Bangladesh.
The power of connections: Psychological sense of community as a predictor of volunteerism
Venue: The Journal of social psychology

Two studies explored psychological antecedents of volunteerism, including several dispositional constructs and psychological sense of community (PSOC) In Study 1, 140 retirees completed measures of empathy, self esteem, generativity, and PSOC, as well as involvement in volunteer organizations and weekly volunteering hours at two points in time. PSOC predicted concurrent and future volunteerism even after controlling for the other predictors. In Study 2 (n 427) PSOC and measures of environmental concern and connectedness were used to predict current environmental volunteerism and activism. PSOC was the only measure reliably and uniquely related to these behaviors. Across two different domains and operationalizations of PSOC, the findings support the validity and utility of PSOC for understanding general and issue specific volunteerism. More generally, they highlight social relationships and psychological connections as potential pathways to volunteerism and social action.
Bernstein modal basis: application to the spectral Petrov Galerkin method for fractional partial differential equations

In the spectral Petrov Galerkin methods, the trial and test functions are required to satisfy particular boundary conditions. By a suitable linear combination of orthogonal polynomials, a basis, that is called the modal basis, is obtained. In this paper, we extend this idea to the non orthogonal dual Bernstein polynomials. A compact general formula is derived for the modal basis functions based on dual Bernstein polynomials. Then, we present a Bernstein spectral Petrov Galerkin method for a class of time fractional partial differential equations with Caputo derivative. It is shown that the method leads to banded sparse linear systems for problems with constant coefficient. Some numerical examples are provided to show the efficiency and the spectral accuracy of the method.
Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Implications for Family Therapy Research

Among recent philosophers of science, a trend has emerged that has been described elsewhere as a movement beyond objectivism and relativism. Within the field of family therapy, a parallel movement can be observed that has been promoted by the constructivist implications of contemporary cybernetics. Together, these trends have called into question traditional notions of objectivity. In this paper, research implications of the emerging alternative epistemology are proposed.
Breakers, benders, and obeyers: Inquiring into teacher educators' mediation of edTPA

This article reflects a qualitative exploratory inquiry into the lived experiences of faculty members working within a system of urban schools of education as they supported diverse teacher candidates in completing the Educative Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) during its first semesters of high stakes implementation. Drawing upon questionnaire responses and semi structured interviews, our findings demonstrate the disparity and variation in the level and kind of support offered to teacher candidates. We discuss the ways that the policy, stance, and the ethical, pedagogical, and logistical dilemmas teacher educators faced as they supported candidates intersected to shape the supports provided. Implications focus on utilization of such test scores for evaluating teacher preparation institutions, faculty relations, and the diversification of the teacher workforce.
Obtaining consumer perspectives using a citizens' jury: does the current country of origin labelling in Australia allow for informed food choices?
Venue: BMC Public Health

BackgroundContemporary food systems are vast and complex, creating greater distance between consumers and their food. Consequently, consumers are required to put faith in a system of which they have limited knowledge or control. Country of origin labelling (CoOL) is one mechanism that theoretically enables consumer knowledge of provenance of food products. However, this labelling system has recently come under Australian Government review and recommendations for improvements have been proposed. Consumer engagement in this process has been limited. Therefore this study sought to obtain further consumer opinion on the issue of CoOL and to identify the extent to which Australian consumers agree with Australian Government recommendations for improvements.MethodsA citizens' jury was conducted with a sample of 14 South Australian consumers to explore their perceptions on whether the CoOL system allows them to make informed food choices, as well as what changes (if any) need to be made to enable informed food choices (recommendations).ResultsOverall, jurors' perception of usefulness of CoOL, including its ability to enable consumers to make informed food choices, fluctuated throughout the Citizens' Jury. Initially, the majority of the jurors indicated that the labels allowed informed food choice, however by the end of the session the majority disagreed with this statement. Inconsistencies within jurors' opinions were observed, particularly following delivery of information from expert witnesses and jury deliberation. Jurors provided recommendations for changes to be made to CoOL, which were similar to those provided in the Australian Government inquiry.ConclusionsConsumers in this study engaged with the topical issue of CoOL and provided their opinions. Overall, consumers do not think that the current CoOL system in Australia enables consumers to make informed choices. Recommendations for changes, including increasing the size of the label and the label's font, and standardising its position, were made.
Personalization of Politics

Political personalization is a process in which politicians become the main anchor of interpretation and evaluation in the political arena. This entry contains definitions of the different types of personalization studied and reviews the literature citing evidence of their occurrence. It then elaborates on antecedents of the personalization trend and examines its variations across time and countries, and its manifestations in the international arena. Finally, it discusses positive and negative implications of personalization for democratic processes, voting behavior, and political interest and knowledge.  mass media; media personalization; personalization and democracy; personalized voting behavior; political communication; political media content; political personalization
Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for CVD: implications for evidence based patient care and scientific inquiry
Venue: Heart

A recent meta analysis has shown that loneliness and social isolation are risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke.1 These latest findings, specific to cardiovascular outcomes, are consistent with substantial research indicating broad health risks (eg, immune functioning, cardiovascular functioning, cognitive decline) associated with the quantity and quality of social relationships including several meta analyses documenting mortality risk.2 ,3 In the most comprehensive of these,3 the overall odds for mortality was 1.50, similar to the risk from light smoking and exceeding the risks conferred by hypertension and obesity. Thus, the epidemiological data suggest that having more and better quality social relationships is linked to decreased health risks and having fewer and poorer quality relationships increased risk.2 ,3 Research has also documented the influence of social connections (including measures specific to loneliness and isolation) on multiple pathways involved in both the development and progression of coronary heart disease and stroke. As depicted in figure 1, these include lifestyle (eg, nutrition, physical activity, sleep),4 treatment adherence and cooperation,5 and direct effects on surrogate biological markers.6 ,7 Recent longitudinal data from four nationally representative US samples revealed a dose response effect of social integration on several surrogate biomarkers of cardiovascular disease including hypertension, body mass index, waist circumference and inflammation (hs CRP).6 Moreover, most epidemiological studies control for lifestyle factors (eg, smoking, physical activity) documenting an independent influence of social relationships on mortality. Taken together, these latest findings specific to loneliness and isolation1 bolster the already robust evidence documenting that social connections significantly predict morbidity and mortality, supporting the case for inclusion as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) Figure 1 Simplified model of possible direct and indirect pathways by which social connections influence disease morbidity and mortality. How should these data inform clinical practice?
An Empirical Evaluation of doc2vec with Practical Insights into Document Embedding Generation
Venue: Rep4NLP@ACL

Recently, Le and Mikolov (2014) proposed doc2vec as an extension to word2vec (Mikolov et al. 2013a) to learn document level embeddings. Despite promising results in the original paper, others have struggled to reproduce those results. This paper presents a rigorous empirical evaluation of doc2vec over two tasks. We compare doc2vec to two baselines and two state of the art document embedding methodologies. We found that doc2vec performs robustly when using models trained on large external corpora, and can be further improved by using pre trained word embeddings. We also provide recommendations on hyper parameter settings for general purpose applications, and release source code to induce document embeddings using our trained doc2vec models.
Deep Neural Networks for Learning Graph Representations
Venue: AAAI

In this paper, we propose a novel model for learning graph representations, which generates a low dimensional vector representation for each vertex by capturing the graph structural information. Different from other previous research efforts, we adopt a random surfing model to capture graph structural information directly, instead of using the sampling based method for generating linear sequences proposed by Perozzi et al. (2014) The advantages of our approach will be illustrated from both theorical and empirical perspectives. We also give a new perspective for the matrix factorization method proposed by Levy and Goldberg (2014) in which the pointwise mutual information (PMI) matrix is considered as an analytical solution to the objective function of the skip gram model with negative sampling proposed by Mikolov et al. (2013) Unlike their approach which involves the use of the SVD for finding the low dimensitonal projections from the PMI matrix, however, the stacked denoising autoencoder is introduced in our model to extract complex features and model non linearities. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, we conduct experiments on clustering and visualization tasks, employing the learned vertex representations as features. Empirical results on datasets of varying sizes show that our model outperforms other stat of the art models in such tasks.
Synorogenic morphotectonic evolution of the Gangdese batholith, South Tibet: Insights from low temperature thermochronology

The uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau remains one of most intriguing and controversial issues in the Cenozoic history of our planet, and has a significant impact on regional and global climate. Here, we report new low temperature thermochronology apatite and zircon data from the Gangdese batholith in southern Tibet. Thermal history modeling of the data show that the batholith experienced a phase of rapid Early Cenozoic cooling probably associated with exhumation resulting from the initial India Asia's collision, but possibly also due to postarc volcanic activity in the region. The batholith, then transitioned to low erosion rates <0.05 mm/yr) between the Middle Eocene and Early Miocene, followed by a renewed episode of cooling commencing in the Early Miocene. Our results indicate that the Gangdese belt, as the southern margin of Eocene Tibetan Plateau, became plateau like by ~45 Ma. The later cooling episode from Early Miocene onward, can probably be attributed to incision of the ancestral Yarlung River system, cutting through the Gangdese belt by ~22 Ma at the latest.
Geochronological, geochemical and mineralogical constraints of emplacement depth of TTG suite from the Sinassi Batholith in the Central African Fold Belt (CAFB) of northern Cameroon: Implications for tectonomagmatic evolution

The Sinassi Batholith in the Central African Fold Belt (CAFB) of northern Cameroon represents the largest volume of plutonic rocks or granitoids massif of the Western Cameroonian Domain. It is made up dominantly of tonalite trondhjemite granodiorite (TTG) suite and lesser granite which are locally more or less deformed, and composed of varying proportions of quartz, plagioclase, K feldspar, biotite, hornblende, sphene, magnetite, apatite and zircon. Major and trace element compositions of fifteen rock samples of granitoids (Djourde granodiorite, Sinassi quartz diorite and orthogneisses groups) indicate that investigated rocks from the Sinassi Batholith are characterized by medium to high K calc alkaline affinity and metaluminous I type signature. In addition, their chondrite and primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns are strongly fractionated (La/Yb) N 2.96 61.40) and show respectively enrichment in LREE relative to HREE and enrichment in LILE compared to HFSE with moderate to slight negative Nb Ta, Ti and Eu anomalies consistent with a continental magmatic arc setting related to a subduction zone. Geothermobarometric calculations using hornblende plagioclase thermometry and aluminum in hornblende barometry on eleven rock samples indicate that plutons from Sinassi Batholith were emplaced at average temperatures and pressures ranging between 698 and 720 degC and 4.06 5.82 kbar (Djourde granitoids) 698 728 degC and 4.04 5.34 kbar (Sinassi granitoids) and 667 670 and 4.23 4.76 kbar (orthogneisses group) respectively. The average emplacement depths estimates for the investigated granitoids is constrained at ca 16 18 km, indicating that at least 16 km of crustal rocks of the Sinassi Batholith must have been eroded or uplifted at approximately exhumation rates of 0.08 0.10 mm/year. Regardless of their Th/U ratios, geochronological results highlight three main events characterizing the Neoproterozoic tectonomagmatic evolution within the Sinassi Batholith at the northern margin of CAFB of northern Cameroon: (1) inherited magmatic sources ranging from one group to another at ca 692, 713, 722, 746 and 772 Ma; (2) successive emplacement ages at ca 670 686 Ma (orthogneisses group) ca 661 666 Ma (synchronous emplacement of the Djourde and Sinassi groups) and ca 644 Ma (emplacement age of eyespots quartz diorite in the Sinassi group) and (3) post magmatic alteration or metamorphism at ca 600 Ma. Correlations with the neighboring Mayo Kebbi Batholith in southwestern Chad show geochemical and geochronological similarities, demonstrating that the Sinassi and Mayo Kebbi granitoids beyond political boundaries are parts of a unique Sinassi Mayo Kebbi Batholith witnessing a Neoproterozoic subduction related continental magmatic arc setting of Andean type.
Time and mode of exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca batholith (Peruvian Andes)

The Cordillera Blanca batholith (12 5 Myr) forms the highest Peruvian summits and builds the footwall of the Cordillera Blanca normal fault (CBNF) Even if several models have been proposed, the processes driving both the exhumation of the Cordillera Blanca and extensional deformation along the CBNF are still debated. Here we quantify the emplacement depth and exhumation of the batholith of the northern Peru arc from the late Miocene to present. Based on a compilation of crystallization ages and new thermobarometry data in the Cordillera Blanca batholith, we propose that the batholith was emplaced at a depth of ~3 km in successive sills from 14 to 5 Ma. By contrast, the younger rocks exposed at the surface were emplaced the deepest (i.e. ~6 km) and are located close to the CBNF, suggesting post 5 Ma tilting. Furthermore, a formal inversion of the thermochronologic data indicates an increase of the exhumation rates in the Cordillera Blanca during the Quaternary. The higher predicted exhumation rates correlate with areas of high relief, both in the northern and central part of the Cordillera Blanca, suggesting that Quaternary valley carving by glaciations have a significant impact on the latest stage of the Cordillera Blanca exhumation (2 0 Ma)
Ecology of Varroa destructor, the Major Ectoparasite of the Western Honey Bee, Apis mellifera.
Venue: Annual review of entomology

Varroa destructor is the most important ectoparasite of Apis mellifera. This review addresses the interactions between the varroa mite, its environment, and the honey bee host, mediated by an impressive number of cues and signals, including semiochemicals regulating crucial steps of the mite's life cycle. Although mechanical stimuli, temperature, and humidity play an important role, chemical communication is the most important channel. Kairomones are used at all stages of the mite's life cycle, and the exploitation of bees' brood pheromones is particularly significant given these compounds function as primer and releaser signals that regulate the social organization of the honey bee colony. V. destructor is a major problem for apiculture, and the search for novel control methods is an essential task for researchers. A detailed study of the ecological interactions of V. destructor is a prerequisite for creating strategies to sustainably manage the parasite.