nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible virtual machine networking using netmap passthrough
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN)

The rising interest in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) requires Virtual Machines (VMs) to operate with diversified networking workloads, from traditional, bulk TCP transfers to novel ones featuring extremely high packet rates. In response, researchers have explored and proposed new solutions for high performance VM networking, including optimizations to virtual network adapters (such as VirtIO) to support high speed bulk traffic, and alternative frameworks for userspace networking and physical or virtual passthrough. To date, we are still missing a comprehensive solution that supports such extreme workloads across multiple operating systems and hypervisors, while at the same time addressing other requirements such as ease of configuration, operating system independence, scalability and isolation. In this paper we present ptnet, an approach to network I/O virtualization that provides high performance for both traditional TCP/IP and high packet rate applications. ptnet leverages the features of the netmap framework (including virtualization and passthrough support) and defines a simple yet performant network device model that can be easily supported in different operating systems and hypervisors. We prove the effectiveness of our approach by comparing ptnet's performance with one of the state of the art I/O virtualization solutions, namely VirtIO on Linux and QEMU/KVM. ptnet is available under a BSD license as part of the netmap distributions on github.
Three Dimensional Printing of Multifunctional Nanocomposites: Manufacturing Techniques and Applications.
Venue: Advanced materials

The integration of nanotechnology into three dimensional printing (3DP) offers huge potential and opportunities for the manufacturing of 3D engineered materials exhibiting optimized properties and multifunctionality. The literature relating to different 3DP techniques used to fabricate 3D structures at the macro and microscale made of nanocomposite materials is reviewed here. The current state of the art fabrication methods, their main characteristics (e.g. resolutions, advantages, limitations) the process parameters, and materials requirements are discussed. A comprehensive review is carried out on the use of metal and carbon based nanomaterials incorporated into polymers or hydrogels for the manufacturing of 3D structures, mostly at the microscale, using different 3D printing techniques. Several methods, including but not limited to micro stereolithography, extrusion based direct write technologies, inkjet printing techniques, and popular powder bed technology, are discussed. Various examples of 3D nanocomposite macro and microstructures manufactured using different 3D printing technologies for a wide range of domains such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) lab on a chip, microfluidics, engineered materials and composites, microelectronics, tissue engineering, and biosystems are reviewed. Parallel advances on materials and techniques are still required in order to employ the full potential of 3D printing of multifunctional nanocomposites.
2016 update on eating disorders in athletes: A comprehensive narrative review with a focus on clinical assessment and management
Venue: British Journal of Sports Medicine

Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, can have devastating effects on both the health and performance of athletes. Compared to non athletes, both female and male athletes are at higher risk of developing an eating disorder. This is especially true for athletes participating in sports where low body weight or leanness confers a competitive advantage. Screening for disordered eating behaviours, eating disorders and for related health consequences should be a standard component of preparticipation examinations, and team physicians should be knowledgeable of the updated diagnostic criteria for eating disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V. Athletes with eating disorders should undergo thorough evaluation and treatment by an experienced multidisciplinary team. Team physicians play a critical role in decision making on clearance for participation and return to play. Using evidence based guidelines for clearance and return to play encourages transparency and accountability between the sports medicine care team and the athlete. Efforts to prevent eating disorders should be aimed at athletes, coaches, parents and athletic administrators, and focused on expanding knowledge of healthy nutrition in support of sport performance and health.
Estimation of regression quantiles in complex surveys with data missing at random: An application to birthweight determinants
Venue: Statistical methods in medical research

The estimation of population parameters using complex survey data requires careful statistical modelling to account for the design features. This is further complicated by unit and item nonresponse for which a number of methods have been developed in order to reduce estimation bias. In this paper, we address some issues that arise when the target of the inference (i.e. the analysis model or model of interest) is the conditional quantile of a continuous outcome. Survey design variables are duly included in the analysis and a bootstrap variance estimation approach is proposed. Missing data are multiply imputed by means of chained equations. In particular, imputation of continuous variables is based on their empirical distribution, conditional on all other variables in the analysis. This method preserves the distributional relationships in the data, including conditional skewness and kurtosis, and successfully handles bounded outcomes. Our motivating study concerns the analysis of birthweight determinants in a large UK based cohort of children. A novel finding on the parental conflict theory is reported. R code implementing these procedures is provided.
Characterizing storm water dispersion and dilution from small coastal streams

Characterizing the dispersion and dilution of storm water from small coastal creeks is important for understanding the importance of land derived subsidies to nearby ecosystems and the management of anthropogenic pollutants. In Southern California, creek runoff is episodic, intense, and short lived while the plumes are buoyant, all of which make the field sampling of freshwater plumes challenging. Numerical modeling offers a viable way to characterize these systems. The dilution and dispersion of freshwater from two creeks that discharge into the Santa Barbara Channel, California is investigated using Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) simulations with a horizontal resolution of 100 m. Tight coupling is found among precipitation, hydrologic discharge, wind forcing, and submesoscale flow structures which all contribute to plume evolution. During flooding, plumes are narrow and attached to the coast, due to downwelling/onshore wind forcing and intense vorticity filaments lying parallel to the shelf. As the storm passes, the winds typically shift to offshore/upwelling favorable conditions and the plume is advected offshore which enhances its dilution. Plumes reach the bottom nearshore while they form thin layers a few meters thick offshore. Dilution field of passive tracers released with the runoff is strongly anisotropic with stronger cross shelf gradients than along shelf. Dispersion analysis of statistical moments of the passive tracer distribution results in scale dependent diffusivities consistent with the particle pair analysis of Romero et al. (2013) Model validation, the roles of submesoscale processes, and wind forcing on plume evolution and application to ecological issues and marine resource management are discussed.
TH CD 206 06: Regularized Composite Shape Prior Encoding Shape Relevance in Variational Image Segmentation.
Venue: Medical physics

Variational image segmentation incorporating regularized composite shape prior (RCSP) based on a shape dictionary has demonstrated benefits in robustness and accuracy. However, it still has the risk of local minimum in a non convex optimization setting. This study aims to drive the variational segmentation towards global optimum by introducing hyper prior on the composite weights of RCSP, which encode the shape priors' relevance to the specific segmentation task.  In addition to using a RCSP to regularize the variational segmentation, where the RCSP is constructed by a linear combination of the shape dictionary, this study introduces a hyper prior on the linear weights of this shape composite. More specifically, geometric relevance of each shape in the dictionary to the unknown target segmentation is inferred from image based surrogate metrics. Such relevance value is used as hyper prior and imposed on the linear weights of the composite shapes. The resulted RCSP with hyper prior regularization is incorporated in a unified active contour optimization framework and a variational block descent algorithm is derived and implemented.  The performance was assessed on corpus callosum segmentation using a brain MR dataset, and compared with typical benchmark approaches. The resulted RCSP demonstrated proper composition of training data w.r.t. their individual geometric relevance. The accuracy of ultimate segmentation estimates yielded statistically significant improvement with mean and medium Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of .946, .963) compared to .902, .919) .932, .946) and .944, .964) for ATLAS based scheme, Chan Vese active contour model and an existing RCSP model, respectively.  This work has developed a hyper prior to encode shape priors' geometric relevance for RCSP regularization in a variational segmentation framework, leading to superior segmentation over benchmark approaches.
Translating humour in audiovisual media

The article investigates humour translation in audiovisual media concentrating on two modes of audiovisual translation: dubbing and subtitling. The corpus consists of humorous scenes collected from two popular American situational comedies, namely Friends (1994) and The Big Bang Theory (2007) The analysis is based on the comparison of the humorous scenes in their original (English) audio track with their dubbed and subtitled Hungarian versions. Only those humorous scenes were selected and analysed in which the humorous load is mediated by language and/or culture specific humorous elements. The study focuses on the differences between the scenes' humorous load in their original, dubbed, and subtitled versions. The methodology of the research is based on Juan Jose Martinez Sierra's case study "Translating Audiovisual Humour" (2009) The results show that in certain cases there is a difference between the humorous load in the dubbed and subtitled versions which can be traced back to the differences between the constraints of dubbing and subtitling
Design Considerations for RNA Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs)
Venue: Bioconjugate chemistry

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are key components in many cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, growth, aging, and death. RNA spherical nucleic acids (RNA SNAs) which consist of dense shells of double stranded RNA on nanoparticle surfaces, are powerful and promising therapeutic modalities because they confer advantages over linear RNA such as high cellular uptake and enhanced stability. Due to their three dimensional shell of oligonucleotides, SNAs, in comparison to linear nucleic acids, interact with the biological environment in unique ways. Herein, the modularity of the RNA SNA is used to systematically study structure function relationships in order to understand how the oligonucleotide shell affects interactions with a specific type of biological environment, namely, one that contains serum nucleases. We use a combination of experiment and theory to determine the key architectural properties (i.e. sequence, density, spacer moiety, and backfill molecule) that affect how RNA SNAs interact with serum nucleases. These data establish a set of design parameters for SNA architectures that are optimized in terms of stability.
Inverse Modelling for Prediction of Coating Material Diffusivity and Lag Time of Controlled Release Coated Urea Granule

Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) has attracted a lot of interest because of its advantages for ecosystem in terms of enhancement of nutrient utilization and reducing nutrient loss from leaching and volatilization, etc. While a number of research studies on novel coating material to control the release of nutrients, modelling has a significant role in predicting release behaviour and determining good CRF design that matches the nutrient requirement from the plants. The present study proposes a solution to predict coating material parameters based on multi diffusion model and preliminary experimental results using inverse simulation technique. In addition, the solution showed an advantage in prediction the release of nutrient, i.e. the reduction in experimental time which plays an important role in investigation novel coating material and designing of CRFs which are matched the nutrient uptake from plants. Hence, this solution reduces experimental cost and time to researchers, who investigated novel CRFs.
Modelling and simulations of controlled release fertilizer

The recent advancement in controlled release fertilizer has provided an alternative solution to the conventional urea, controlled release fertilizer has a good plant nutrient uptake they are environment friendly. To have an optimum plant intake of nutrients from controlled release fertilizer it is very essential to understand the release characteristics. A mathematical model is developed to predict the release characteristics from polymer coated granule. Numerical simulations are performed by varying the parameters radius of granule, soil water content and soil porosity to study their effect on fertilizer release. Understanding these parameters helps in the better design and improve the efficiency of controlled release fertilizer.
Analytical of Compensation Factor, Job Stress and Motivation Campaign Against Occupation and Work Discipline and Its Effect on Employee Performance (A Study on the Employees of PT PLN (Persero) Region Suluttenggo)

The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the factors compensation, job stress and the promotion of the motivation and discipline of work and its influence on employee performance. The populations in this study are the employees of PT. PLN (Persero) Region Suluttenggo. Total population is 1,418 employees. Total sample are 279 respondents. It is using proportional stratified random sampling method. This study using path analysis (path analysis) with three sub structure model is analyzed. The study produced some conclusions, namely (1) Compensation significant positive effect on employee motivation; (2) Work stress significant negative effect on work motivation; (3) Promotions significant positive effect on employee motivation; (4) Compensation significant positive effect on work discipline; (5) Work stress significant negative effect on work discipline; (6) Promotions significant positive effect on work discipline; (7) Motivation significant positive effect on work discipline; (8) Compensation significant positive effect on employee performance; (9) Work stress is a significant positive effect on employee performance; (10) Promotions significant positive effect on employee performance; (11) work motivation significantly positive effect on employee performance; and (12) working Discipline significant positive effect on employee performance.  Employee Performance, Compensation, Job Stress, Promotion, Work Motivation, Work Discipline.
A Comparative Analysis on the Causes of Occupational Stress among Men and Women Employees and its Effect on Performance at the workplace of Information Technology Sector, Hyderabad

The research study presents the outcome of a comparative analysis on causes of occupational stress among the Men and Women employees and its effect on the employee performance at the workplace of Information Technology Sector (ITS) Hyderabad. A survey of 200 employees consisting 110 Men and 90 Women working in the IT sector was carried out to assess the six independent stress causing factors Job related, Organizational Related, Career, Physiological, Behavioral and Individual factors and its effect on employees' Performance a dependent factor. The descriptive analysis, correlation techniques and parametric statistics like t test, F test and multiple regression analysis carried out to arrive at the conclusions. To measure the reliability of the scale used for this study, and internal consistencies of the survey questionnaire, the reliability static Cronbach's alpha (C alpha) and Spearman Brown split half reliability statistics were estimated. The overall C alpha is 0.89 whereas the Spearman Brown split half statistic is 0.83. The C alpha values ranged from 0.62 to 0.76 for Men and 0.60 to 0.74 for Women, for all the 6 independent and one dependent factor. The results of the study indicate that the medium level occupational stress exists at the workplace in general, effecting the performance moderately. Health wise, some employees developed chronic neck and back pain, an effect of long sitting hours at work. The study confirms that Women will have more stress than Men, however the factors causing the stress among the Men and Women are not similar.
How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?

We survey 885 institutional venture capitalists (VCs) at 681 firms to learn how they make decisions across eight areas: deal sourcing; investment selection; valuation; deal structure; post investment value added; exits; internal firm organization; and relationships with limited partners. In selecting investments, VCs see the management team as more important than business related characteristics such as product or technology. They also attribute more of the likelihood of ultimate investment success or failure to the team than to the business. While deal sourcing, deal selection, and post investment value added all contribute to value creation, the VCs rate deal selection as the most important of the three. We also explore (and find) differences in practices across industry, stage, geography and past success. We compare our results to those for CFOs (Graham and Harvey 2001) and private equity investors (Gompers, Kaplan and Mukharlyamov forthcoming)
Unmotivated Motivating: Toward Motivating L2 Learning, Based on Demotivating Factors

The purpose of this study was defining the effectiveness of an instructional motivational plan(based on self conscious and self report on personal demotivating factors) to improve English learning and motivation as a foreign language(L2) For doing so it has been designed a Likert scale, questionnaire on learners demotivating factors, a self report one. The questionnaire has been made based on literature review and experts comments about. Five cases (subjects) with the average age of 16, selected among English learners of an Iranian language institute; All of these female learners had been accomplished 2 semesters of institute English course package, before. They entered to the treatment/instructional plan one by one after 5th session. Each of them had their own treatment plan based on their answers to the questionnaire. At the end of each two sessions, they answered to an exam based on past sessions instructions. They had totally 24 instructional sessions which has been accomplished during 3 months. The results of continuous exams showed a visible growth in cases scores and final mean score. Hence, the findings of this study affirmed the effectiveness of the instructional plan based on authors made demotivating factors questionnaire, to improve learners English learning as a second language.
STEM and ICT Education in Intelligent Environments
Venue: Intelligent Systems Reference Library

This book combines information communication technology (ICT) with the creative interdisciplinary teaching approach known as STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) It introduces STEM and Creative Education and shows (through examples and creative activities) the importance and impact that ICT has for STEM and modern education. The book describes the audio visual classroom, the use of the Internet, Social Networking and STEM and provides STEM lessons for both the real and virtual worlds. Instructors will find this unique textbook to be very useful with students, of various ages, in creative education and engineering classes. This special book offers something for everyone. It serves as a guide for teachers in charge of science fairs and creative classes, especially those which require STEM education. It also includes activities to help develop creative thinking and problem solving skills and prepares students who plan to become teachers and mentors of the future. Readers in general can simultaneously enjoy and learn about ICTs impact on STEM and modern education. In addition, e learning designers and administrators who want to introduce e learning systems into their organizations can refer to this book as a reference and a resource. The book complements most e learning and ICT education books which generally focus too much on technical issues.
Building and sustaining national ICT/education agencies: lessons from the Philippines

Beginning in 1996, the Department of Education (DepEd) started to implement the first large scale ICT/education initiative in the Philippines. This effort was later strengthened and expanded to become the DepEd Computerization Program and DepEd Internet Connectivity Program (DCP/DICP) This was a huge undertaking for DepEd, both to oversee and to implement. Fortunately, many groups were willing to help other government agencies, international and non government organizations, private sector, local government units and higher education institutions. That said, coordinating the large scale implementation of ICT/education initiatives, as well as related donations and support from partners and key stakeholder groups, made it difficult to share information and expertise, coordinate public private partnerships, and replicate and scale up successful projects. Many countries have created a distinct agency to coordinate and implement ICT/education. In the early stages of the introduction of ICTs in education in the Philippines, the government largely resisted this idea, although a number of related oversight and implementation models were proposed. Absent such an organization and/or related formal institutional structure education policymakers, stakeholders and practitioner groups explored other options.
Imaging of layered media in inverse scattering problems for an acoustic wave equation

Two dimensional (2D) inverse scattering problems for the acoustic wave equation consisting of obtaining the density and acoustic impedance of the medium are considered. A necessary and sufficient condition for the unique solvability of these problems in the form of the law of energy conservation has been established. It is proved that this condition is that for each pulse oscillation source located on the boundary of a half plane, the energy flow of the scattered waves is less than the energy flux of waves propagating from the boundary of this half plane. This shows that for inverse dynamic scattering problems in acoustics and geophysics when the law of energy conservation holds it is possible to determine the elastic density parameters of the medium. The obtained results significantly increase the class of mathematical models currently used in solving multidimensional inverse scattering problems. Some specific aspects of interpreting inverse problems solutions are considered.
2016 Classification Criteria for Macrophage Activation Syndrome Complicating Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborative Initiative
Venue: Arthritis rheumatology

To develop criteria for the classification of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)