nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Breaking Cryptographic Implementations Using Deep Learning Techniques
Venue: SPACE

Template attack is the most common and powerful profiled side channel attack. It relies on a realistic assumption regarding the noise of the device under attack: the probability density function of the data is a multivariate Gaussian distribution. To relax this assumption, a recent line of research has investigated new profiling approaches mainly by applying machine learning techniques. The obtained results are commensurate, and in some particular cases better, compared to template attack. In this work, we propose to continue this recent line of research by applying more sophisticated profiling techniques based on deep learning. Our experimental results confirm the overwhelming advantages of the resulting new attacks when targeting both unprotected and protected cryptographic implementations.
The role of organic farming for food security: local nexus with a global view

A convergence of factors has made food security one of the most important global issues. It has been the core concept of the Milan Expo 2015, whose title, Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life, embodied the challenge to provide the world's growing population with a sustainable, secure supply of safe, nutritious, and affordable high quality food using less land with lower inputs. Meeting the food security agenda using current agricultural production techniques cannot be achieved without serious degradation to the environment, including soil degradation, loss of biodiversity and climate change. Organic farming is seen as a solution to the challenge of sustainable food production, as it provides more nutritious food, with less or no pesticide residues and lower use of inputs. A limit of organic farming is its restricted capability of producing food compared to conventional agriculture, thus being an inefficient approach to food production and to food security. The authors maintain, on the basis of a scientific literature review, that organic soils tend to retain the physical, chemical and biological properties over the long term, while maintaining stable levels of productivity and thereby ensuring long term food production and safety. Furthermore, the productivity gap of organic crops may be worked out by further investment in research and in particular into diversification techniques. Moreover, strong scientific evidence indicates that organic agricultural systems deliver greater ecosystem services and social benefits.  organic farming, sustainable agriculture, environment, food security, 2015 Milan Expo, global governance
Sustainable intensification in agriculture as a factor of achieving food security

Ending hunger, achieving food security and promoting sustainable development are at the top of the list of United Nations sustainable global development priorities after 2015. In addition to many positive effects, efforts of mankind regarding the reduction of rural poverty realized through the Green Revolution have had many negative effects, primarily related to natural resources. Irreversible devastation of land, air and water quality deterioration and jeopardizing biodiversity have been recognized as key elements of unsustainability of existing agricultural development concept. Consequently, there is a need for the adoption of a new concept of agricultural development, which will lie between intensive conventional and organic farming. The concept which has already been applied in some regions of the world and whose basic goal is to find a way to increase production with a negligible negative impact on the environment is sustainable agricultural intensification. The aim of this paper is to look at both positive and negative aspects of biotechnology development so far and point out the place and role the sustainable intensification concept should have in relation to conservation of natural resources and achievement of food security.
A novel and facile synthesis of TGA capped CdSe@Ag2Se core shell quantum dots as a new substrate for high sensitive and selective methyldopa sensor

In this work, we offer a new approach to synthesize the CdSe@Ag 2 Se core shell fluorescent quantum dots as a novel and sensitive electrochemical sensor for methyldopa by casting of an aliquot of thioglycolic acid capped CdSe@Ag 2 Se on a glassy carbon electrode surface. Characterizing the CdSe@Ag 2 Se was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) X ray diffraction (XRD) FT IR spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, UV vis and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Under the optimal experimental conditions (pH 2) the current response of the electrochemical sensor obtained with differential pulse voltammetry was increased linearly with methyldopa concentrations in the wide range from 0.09 to 60 mmol L 1 with the detection limit of 0.04 mmol L 1 The proposed sensor was successfully used for analysis of methyldopa in biological and pharmaceutical samples without any interference from uric acid and ascorbic acid due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, good repeatability and reproducibility, and low detection limit.
Core shell nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers: a review
Venue: Microchimica Acta

AbstractCore shell surface molecular imprinting technology represents a rather new trend in analytical sciences. In this kind of material, the imprinting sites are located on the surface of the cores or shells of nanoparticles (NPs) This material can improve the capability of recognizing target molecules (analytes) reduce nonspecific adsorption, increase the relative adsorption capacity and selectivity, and accelerate the rate of mass transfer. This review (with 158 references) focuses on recent trends in core shell MIPs. Following an introduction into the field, a first main section covers common core materials including silica, magnetic NPs, quantum dots (including semiconductor quantum dots and carbon dots) gold and silver nanoclusters, and up conversion materials. A further section covers the materials and reagents required for preparing MIPs (with subsections on templates, functional monomers, cross linkers, initiators, and effects of solvent) A next main section covers synthetic approaches such as precipitation polymerization, emulsion polymerization, and grafting approach. A final section gives examples for applications of core shell MIPs in analytical assays and in sensing. Graphical abstractThis review (with 158 references) focuses on recent trends in core shell nanoparticles coated with molecularly imprinted polymers (core shell MIPs) Three significant synthesis methods are introduced: precipitation, emulsion and grafting approach. Applications of core shell MIPs concentrate on solid phase extraction, fluorescent probe, surface enhanced Raman scattering based sensors and electrochemical sensors.
Nenavadna poskodba na losovi celjustnici iz Franc losovega brezna nad Glazuto pri Ribnici

Obravnavana je neobicajna poskodba z zaobljenimi robovi na spodnji celjustnici Evropskega losa, katerega skeletne ostanke so jamarji nasli v breznu nad Glazuto. Poskodba se razlikuje od naravno nastalih poskodb kosti, ki nastajajo v jamah in sedimentih. Mali sesalci pri grizenju kosti puscajo drugacne sledi. Morda so poskodbe povzrocili polzi? Domneva o tem, da polzi poskodujejo fosilne kosti, je bila prvic predstavljena na primeru obravnave lukenj v fosilnih nosorogovih kosteh iz Dolarjeve jame pri Logatcu. The article deals with unusual bone damage with rounded edges, found on the lower jawbone of a European moose. The remains of its skeleton were discovered by speleologists in the shaft above Glazuta. This damage differs from those, caused by nature in caves and sediments. Small mammals leave different tooth marks when gnawing bones. Maybe the damage was caused by snails? The assumption that snails damage fossil bones was first presented in case of the holes in fossilized Rhinoceros bones from Dolarjeva jama at Logatec.
PROBLEMS OF BOOK PUBLISHING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

The study examines the problems of book publishing industry in Nigeria as books are effective medium of communication for intellectualism. Issues like poor financing, government regulation, poor reading culture, piracy and dearth of expertise were interrogated. The study is descriptive and data sourced from secondary sources. The paper concludes that stakeholders should come up with interesting solutions that can cater for human and material needs of the industry. The study recommends that the stakeholders in the publishing industry should be co operative towards the building of a virile publishing industry. Private investors such as financial institutions and influential individuals should participate in terms of massive capital injection. Government should embark on the formulation of developmental policies that can eliminate the piracy scourge and charge less import duties on publishing equipment and accessories. Finally, publishing firms should make it a policy to give their technical staff up to date professional trainings.
Digital Change and Industry Responses: Exploring organizational and strategic issues in the book publishing industry

This paper is based on primary research conducted with 22 senior publishing industry managers in the UK as a preliminary survey for a PhD. It seeks to establish a base on which to develop further research around the changes taking place in the organizational and collaborative behaviour of an industry facing digital challenges. The survey asked the 22 managing directors and operations and digital directors how they view current conditions in the industry in light of digital change. It allows subjects to speak for themselves in order to learn (a) how far reaching they feel change is, (b) where that change is having most effect in their day to day business, (c) whether they themselves are making organizational changes, and (d) how far collaboration forms part of this change. The collaboration aspect of the survey unpicks in more detail how far collaborations are (a) increasing in frequency, (b) are changing in vision (i.e. more exploratory or not) and (c) involve different organizational behaviour. The research reveals many areas of clear consensus around key issues of technical competence, new patterns in consumption, entrepreneurship, and silo structures. There is an understanding that the ability to respond quickly and to innovate continuously is essential. On collaborations, most people concurred that they were entering more partnerships than in the past and that these were often more experimental in approach and involved sharing risk; ultimately, this points to a clearer strategy emerging in companies to develop structures, skills, and techniques to facilitate new styles of collaboration, which in turn may lead to new ways of innovating in a flexible, failure tolerant way.
Stateless Kurds and their multiple diaspora

This article argues for a new approach to understanding statelessness. It explores the limits of international laws on statelessness and the relationships between statelessness, diaspora and nationalism. It discusses how the condition of statelessness has affected Kurds, and how statelessness has been constructed and experienced at an individual and collective level in the diaspora. It argues for an expanded definition of the international laws of 'stateless' person: adding to the accepted de jure and highly contested de facto definitions, by also suggesting a third, new, category of 'socially stateless' people. The article examines the concept of diaspora itself from the perspective of Kurdish interviewees and explores how, for stateless groups like Kurds, 'living in diaspora' can mean more than one place, including their land of origin. It will suggest the concept of 'double' or 'multiple' diasporas, where stateless people do not feel that they belong either to their country of origin or to the country in which they now live. This article discusses that when an ethnic community is stateless, then even those individuals who have an official nationality, citizenship or passport, may often describe themselves as stateless. The relationship between statelessness, diaspora and nationalism is highlighted; and the impact of this on diaspora involvement in homeland politics, conflict and peace is explored. The article also argues that the lack of protection which international law(s) offer around statelessness paradoxically create new forms of nationalism.
An easily accessible switch on optical chemosensor for the detection of noxious metal ions Ni(II) Zn(II) Fe(III) and UO2(II)

Two new highly selective colorimetric and fluoregenic aminopyridine Schiff bases (L1 and L2) were synthesized by simple refluxing method and characterised via standard NMR and HRMS techniques. Its excellent metal sensing abilities explored on absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. The recognition colorimertric sensing behavior of probes L1 and L2 towards Ni(II) Zn(II) Fe(III) and UO2(II) ions were carefully investigated with different aspects of sensing behavior such as sensitivity, binding constant, stoichiometry, pH range and interference effect. Moreover, L1 and L2 also displayed excellent "off on" fluoregenic selectivity with Zn(II) The results revealed that the sensors provided colorimetric and fluoregenic sensing excellent response with low limit of detection, under neutral conditions.
Correction for Aggarwal et al. Interferon Gamma Release Assays for Diagnosis of Pleural Tuberculosis: a Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Venue: Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volume 53, No. 8, p. [2451 2459][1] 2015. Page 2453, Table 1, row beginning "Zhang et al. 2014 (18)" The entries in the "FP" and "I" columns under the heading "Non TPE patients" should read "7" and "0," respectively. The statistical and graphical analyses in the
Modality, probability, and mental models.
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

We report 3 experiments investigating novel sorts of inference, such as: A or B or both. Therefore, possibly (A and B) Where the contents were sensible assertions, for example, Space tourism will achieve widespread popularity in the next 50 years or advances in material science will lead to the development of antigravity materials in the next 50 years, or both. Most participants accepted the inferences as valid, though they are invalid in modal logic and in probabilistic logic too. But, the theory of mental models predicts that individuals should accept them. In contrast, inferences of this sort A or B but not both. Therefore, A or B or both are both logically valid and probabilistically valid. Yet, as the model theory also predicts, most reasoners rejected them. The participants' estimates of probabilities showed that their inferences tended not to be based on probabilistic validity, but that they did rate acceptable conclusions as more probable than unacceptable conclusions. We discuss the implications of the results for current theories of reasoning.
Ways of farming and ways of thinking: do farmers' mental models of the landscape relate to their land management practices

The efficiency of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy in mitigating the negative effects of agricultural intensification on the landscape and biodiversity is increasingly being questioned. Enhancing a reciprocal understanding of various stakeholders' mental models of agro social ecosystems has been proposed to trigger changes in both policy design and farmers' behaviors. However, the relationship between farmers' mental models and practices is rarely considered. Here, we explore the relationship between farmers' individual mental models (IMMs) of the agricultural landscape and their land management practices. To do so, we developed a theoretical and methodological framework grounded in cognitive psychology and farming system research for eliciting and comparing IMMs and land management practices. We applied this framework in the Coteaux de Gascogne territory, a hilly crop livestock region in southern France. We identified groups of farmers according to their cropland and semi natural habitat management practices. The results of our quantitative and qualitative comparisons of mental models between farmer groups showed that the way of farming partly relates to farmers' ways of thinking about the landscape and highlighted the heterogeneity of IMMs between and within farmer groups. We found evidence that path dependent factors that constrain farmers' practices can modify their mental models, e.g. the role of agricultural machinery. Our study illustrates how an interdisciplinary framework coupling mental models and farming systems approaches provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the relationships between farmers' world views and their practices. Moreover, our results challenge current ways of thinking and designing biodiversity conservation policies in farmed landscapes.
Improving Accelerometer Based Activity Recognition by Using Ensemble of Classifiers

In line with the increasing use of sensors and health application, there are huge efforts on processing of collected data to extract valuable information such as accelerometer data. This study will propose activity recognition model aim to detect the activities by employing ensemble of classifiers techniques using the Wireless Sensor Data Mining (WISDM) The model will recognize six activities namely walking, jogging, upstairs, downstairs, sitting, and standing. Many experiments are conducted to determine the best classifier combination for activity recognition. An improvement is observed in the performance when the classifiers are combined than when used individually. An ensemble model is built using AdaBoost in combination with decision tree algorithm C4.5. The model effectively enhances the performance with an accuracy level of 94.04
Integrating Features for Accelerometer based Activity Recognition
Venue: EUSPN/ICTH

Activity recognition is the problem of predicting the current action of a person through the motion sensors worn on the body. The problem is usually approached as a supervised classification task where a discriminative model is learned from known samples and a new query is assigned to a known activity label using learned model. The challenging issue here is how to feed this classifier with a fixed number of features where the real input is a raw signal of varying length. In this study, we consider three possible feature sets, namely time domain, frequency domain and wavelet domain statistics, and their combinations to represent motion signal obtained from accelerometer reads worn in chest through a mobile phone. In addition to a systematic comparison of these feature sets, we also provide a comprehensive evaluation of some preprocessing steps such as filtering and feature selection. The results determine that feeding a random forest classifier with an ensemble selection of most relevant time domain and frequency domain features extracted from raw data can provide the highest accuracy in a real dataset.
Integrating hidden Markov models based on Mixture of Templates and k NN2 ensemble for activity recognition
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

This paper considers the activity recognition problem using inertial sensor data. It is a challenging temporal pattern recognition problem as the sensor data can be easily mixed with noise and also has large intra class variation, resulting from different characteristic of people doing same activity, and interclass similarity among several similar activities. To handle these problems concentrating on the classification method, this paper proposes a novel ensemble scheme of hidden Markov models for activity recognition. To improve the performance of activity recognition, our method models the outputs of multiple hidden Markov models by using enhanced template based classifier fusion method, in which multiple local templates are generated as Mixture of Templates, and k NN2 ensemble method is proposed to elaborately recognize activities. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we carried out several experiments on UCI Human Activity Recognition dataset and compared our method with several alternative methods. As a result, our method outperforms other methods.
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in the euryhaline herbivorous teleost Scatophagus argus: Functional characterization, tissue expression and nutritional regulation of two fatty acyl elongases.
Venue: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry molecular biology

Both the spotted scat Scatophagus argus and rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus belong to the few cultured herbivorous marine teleost, however, their fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) system involved in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC PUFA) biosynthesis is different. The S. argus has a ^6 Fad, while the rabbitfish has ^4 and ^6/^5 Fads, which were the first report in vertebrate and marine teleost, respectively. In order to compare the characteristics of elongases of very long chain fatty acids (Elovl) between them, two Elovl cDNAs were cloned from S. argus in the present study. One has 885bp of open read fragment (ORF) encoding a protein with 294 amino acid (aa) showing Elovl5 activity functionally characterized by heterologous expression in yeast, which was primarily active for the elongation of C18 and C20 PUFAs. The other has 915bp of ORF coding for a 305 aa protein showing Elovl4 activity, which was more efficient in the elongation of C20 and C22 PUFAs. Tissue distribution analyses by RT PCR showed that elovl5 was highly expressed in the liver compared to other tissues determined, whereas elovl4 transcripts were only detected in the eye. The expression of elovl5 and elovl4 were significantly affected by dietary fatty acid composition, with highest expression of mRNA in the liver and eye of fish fed a diet with an 18:3n 3/18:2n 6 ratio of 1.7:1. These results indicated that the S. argus has a similar Elovl system in the LC PUFA biosynthetic pathway to that of rabbitfish although their Fad system was different, suggesting that the diversification of fish LC PUFA biosynthesis specificities is more associated with its Fad system. These new insights expand our knowledge and understanding of the molecular basis and regulation of LC PUFA biosynthesis in fish.
Understanding Preferential Flow in the Vadose Zone: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

In this update, we review some of the more significant advances that have been made in the last decade in the study of preferential flow through the vadose zone as well as suggest some research needs in the coming years. We focus mostly on work that aims to improve understanding of the processes themselves and less on more applied aspects concerning the various consequences of preferential flow (e.g. for surface water and groundwater quality) In recent years, the research emphasis has shifted somewhat toward the two extremes of the scale continuum, the pore scale and the scale of management (field, catchments, and landscapes) This trend has been facilitated by significant advances in both measurement technologies (e.g. noninvasive imaging techniques and high frequency high spatial resolution monitoring of soil moisture at field and catchment scales) and application of novel methods of analysis to large datasets (e.g. machine learning) This work has led to a better understanding of how pore network properties control preferential flow at the pore to core scales as well as some new insights into the influence of site attributes (climate, land uses, soil types) at field to landscape scales. We conclude that models do not at present fully reflect the current state of process understanding and empirical knowledge of preferential flow. However, we expect that significant advances in computational techniques, computer hardware, and measurement technologies will lead to increasingly reliable model predictions of the impacts of preferential flow, even at the larger scales relevant for management.