nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Appliance Activity Recognition Using Radio Frequency Interference Emissions
Venue: IEEE Sensors Journal

Over the past few decades, with rapid growth in infrastructure, there has been tremendous growth in energy consumption. Along with this, more and more electronic appliances are added to the existing infrastructure every day. Furthermore, the existing energy bills just provide an aggregate number of units consumed but fail to provide any actionable details of appliance level usage. With the quest for long term energy sustainability and to reduce this ever growing energy consumption, research groups across the globe have started looking into energy disaggregation as a means of providing feedback. Some promising techniques such as non intrusive appliance load monitoring have been adopted to provide detailed energy breakdown to the end consumer. Despite all these efforts, energy attribution to the electrical activities still seems to be a farfetched goal, especially in shared spaces. In this paper, we have analyzed the possibility of using radio frequency (RF) emissions from electronic appliances to detect electrical activity. Besides their known operation, these appliances are known to radiate high frequency noise in the ambient environment, also called RF interference (RFI) Hence, by utilizing these RFI emissions from electronic appliances, electrical activity from the appliance can be detected in multiple frequency bands and at varying distances. An eight fit Gaussian mixture model and k peak finder are used for feature extraction from RFI data, followed by appliance activity recognition using k nearest neighbor based classification. Appliance detection is performed with a mean accuracy of 71.9% across seven class classification problem. Finally, the characteristic features of RFI observed from these appliances are discussed.
A Proof of Concept Device to Device Communication Testbed
Venue: ArXiv

This paper presents the design and development of proof of concept Device to Device (D2D) Communication testbed. This testbed also seeks to address the design issues involved in the implementation of a D2D network in a realistic scenario. The performance of this testbed has been validated by emulating a Cellular network consisting of a Base Staion (BTS) and many D2D devices in its proximity. The devices and the BTS coordinate and communicate with each other to select the optimum communication range, mode of communication and transmit parameters. Through the experimental results it has been shown that the proposed testbed has a communication radius of 120m and a D2D communication range of 62m with over 90% efficiency.
Measurement results for direct and single hop device to device communication protocol
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI)

In this paper, we present the measurement results for a direct and single hop device to device (D2D) communication protocol. The measurement results will further augment the development of D2D communication and will also help in understanding some of the intricate design issues which were overlooked during theoretical or computer simulations. The measurements were taken on a proof of concept experimental testbed by emulating a cellular scenario in which a network control authority (NCA) and D2D enabled devices coordinated and communicated with each other to select an optimum communication range, transmit parameters, etc. Through the measurement results obtained, the relationship between RSSI and distance has been analyzed. It was also observed that D2D communication can significantly reduce the power consumption of cellular networks.
ElasticFusion: Real time dense SLAM and light source estimation
Venue: Int. J. Robotics Res.

We present a novel approach to real time dense visual simultaneous localisation and mapping. Our system is capable of capturing comprehensive dense globally consistent surfel based maps of room scale environments and beyond explored using an RGB D camera in an incremental online fashion, without pose graph optimization or any post processing steps. This is accomplished by using dense frame to model camera tracking and windowed surfel based fusion coupled with frequent model refinement through non rigid surface deformations. Our approach applies local model to model surface loop closure optimizations as often as possible to stay close to the mode of the map distribution, while utilizing global loop closure to recover from arbitrary drift and maintain global consistency. In the spirit of improving map quality as well as tracking accuracy and robustness, we furthermore explore a novel approach to real time discrete light source detection. This technique is capable of detecting numerous light sources in indoor environments in real time as a user handheld camera explores the scene. Absolutely no prior information about the scene or number of light sources is required. By making a small set of simple assumptions about the appearance properties of the scene our method can incrementally estimate both the quantity and location of multiple light sources in the environment in an online fashion. Our results demonstrate that our technique functions well in many different environments and lighting configurations. We show that this enables (a) more realistic augmented reality rendering; (b) a richer understanding of the scene beyond pure geometry and; (c) more accurate and robust photometric tracking.
More Efficient Constant Round Multi Party Computation from BMR and SHE
Venue: IACR Cryptol. ePrint Arch.

We present a multi party computation protocol in the case of dishonest majority which has very low round complexity. Our protocol sits philosophically between Gentry's Fully Homomorphic Encryption based protocol and the SPDZ BMR protocol of Lindell et al. CRYPTO 2015. Our protocol avoids various inefficiencies of the previous two protocols. Compared to Gentry's protocol we only require Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption SHE. Whilst in comparison to the SPDZ BMR protocol we require only a quadratic complexity in the number of players as opposed to cubic, we have fewer rounds, and we require less proofs of correctness of ciphertexts. Additionally, we present a variant of our protocol which trades the depth of the garbling circuit computed using SHE for some more multiplications in the offline and online phases.
Adaptively Secure Multi Party Computation from LWE (via Equivocal FHE)
Venue: Public Key Cryptography

Adaptively secure Multi Party Computation MPC is an essential and fundamental notion in cryptography. In this work, we construct Universally Composable UC MPC protocols that are adaptively secure against all but one corruptions based on LWE. Our protocols have a constant number of rounds and communication complexity dependant only on the length of the inputs and outputs it is independent of the circuit size. Such protocols were only known assuming an honest majority. Protocols in the dishonest majority setting, such as the work of Ishai et al. CRYPTO 2008, require communication complexity proportional to the circuit size. In addition, constant round adaptively secure protocols assuming dishonest majority are known to be impossible in the stand alone setting with black box proofs of security in the plain model. Here, we solve the problem in the UC setting using a set up assumption which was shown necessary in order to achieve dishonest majority. The problem of constructing adaptively secure constant round MPC protocols against arbitrary corruptions is considered a notorious hard problem. A recent line of works based on indistinguishability obfuscation construct such protocols with near optimal number of rounds against arbitrary corruptions. However, based on standard assumptions, adaptively secure protocols secure against even just all but one corruptions with near optimal number of rounds are not known. However, in this work we provide a three round solution based only on LWE and NIZK secure against all but one corruptions. In addition, Asharov et al. EUROCRYPT 2012 and more recently Mukherjee and Wichs ePrint 2015 presented constant round protocols based on LWE which are secure only in the presence of static adversaries. Assuming NIZK and LWE their static protocols run in two rounds where the latter one is only based on a common random string. Assuming adaptively secure UC NIZK, proposed by Groth et al. ACM 2012, and LWE as mentioned above our adaptive protocols run in three rounds. Our protocols are constructed based on a special type of cryptosystem we call equivocal FHE from LWE. We also build adaptively secure UC commitments and UC zero knowledge proofs of knowledge from LWE. Moreover, in the decryption phase using an AMD code mechanism we avoid the use of ZK and achieve communication complexity that does not scale with the decryption circuit.
Social Media and Body Image Concerns: Current Research and Future Directions

This paper provides an overview of research on social media and body image. Correlational studies consistently show that social media usage (particularly Facebook) is associated with body image concerns among young women and men, and longitudinal studies suggest that this association may strengthen over time. Furthermore, appearance comparisons play a role in the relationship between social media and body image. Experimental studies, however, suggest that brief exposure to one's own Facebook account does not negatively impact young women's appearance concerns. Further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to determine which aspects of social media are most detrimental to people's body image concerns. Research is also needed on more diverse samples as well as other social media platforms (e.g. Instagram)
Using the Existential Criterion for Assessing the Personality of Overprotective and Overly Demanding Parents in the Families of Patients Who Have Sought Psychological Counseling for Parent Child Problems

The article presents the results of applying the existential criterion of normal and abnormal personalities for assessing the personality of overprotective and overly demanding parents in 176 families of patients who have sought psychological counseling. It is shown that the position of overprotective parents is one sided in relation to the existential dichotomy of providing care and allowing independence, while the position of overly demanding parents is one sided in relation to three classic existential dichotomies: nature and culture, self actualization and conventional values, and determinism and self determination. We used L.N. Sobchik's diagnostic test to identify the features of interpersonal relationships that existed between grandparents and the parents when they were children. We also used Max Luscher's test to diagnose parents' personality. The results of these tests suggest that overprotective and overly demanding parents have largely developed such unilateral positions under the "excessive interference" of the upbringing choices of their parents. They acquired these practices irrationally, and subsequently they reproduced these overprotective and overly demanding approaches when the time came to raise their own children. Based on the existential criterion, the above attributes of the analyzed overprotective and overly demanding parenting patterns are indicative of abnormal personality traits.
Parental quality of life in complex paediatric neurologic disorders of unknown aetiology.
Venue: European journal of paediatric neurology EJPN official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society

Complex paediatric neurology (CPN) patients generally present with non specific symptoms, such as developmental delay, impaired movement and epilepsy. The diagnostic trajectory in these disorders is usually complicated and long lasting, and may be burdensome to the patients and their parents. Additionally, as caring for a chronically ill child can be stressful and demanding, parents of these patients may experience impaired health related quality of life (HRQoL) This study aims to assess parental HRQoL and factors related to it in CPN. Physical and mental HRQoL of 120 parents was measured and compared to the general population using the SF 12 questionnaire. Parents also completed this questionnaire for the measurement of patient HRQoL. Additional questionnaires were used to measure parental uncertainty (Visual Analogue Scale) and worry phenomena (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and to obtain socio demographic data. A linear mixed model with random effect was used to investigate which of these variables were associated with parental HRQoL. As compared to the general population, HRQoL of these parents appeared diminished. Fathers showed both lowered physical (51.76, p 0.05) and mental (49.41, p 0.01) HRQoL, whereas mothers only showed diminished mental (46.46, p 0.01) HRQoL. Patient HRQoL and parental worry phenomena were significantly correlated with overall and mental parental HRQoL. The reduction in parental mental HRQoL is alarming, also because children strongly rely on their parents and parental mental health is known to influence children's health. Awareness of these problems among clinicians, and supportive care if needed are important to prevent exacerbation of the problems.
An error tolerant keyword search scheme based on public key encryption in secure cloud computing
Venue: Concurr. Comput. Pract. Exp.

An error tolerant keyword search scheme permits to make searches on encrypted data with only an approximation of some keyword. The scheme is suitable to the case where users' searching input might not exactly match those pre set keywords. An error tolerant keyword search scheme can be generated based on a public key encryption scheme, in which anyone with access to a user's public key can generate the trapdoors and indexes to keywords, and only the user holding the decryption key can obtain the records it retrieves. In this paper, we first present a general framework for searching on error tolerant keywords based on a public key encryption scheme. Then, we propose a concrete scheme based on the Cramer Shoup cryptosystem. The scheme is adaptive chosen ciphertext attack secure and suitable for all similarity metrics including Hamming distance metric, edit distance metric, and set difference metric. It does not require the user to construct and store anything in advance, other than the cryptosystem used to calculate the trapdoor of keywords and to encrypt data documents. Thus, our scheme tremendously eases the users' burden. What is more, our scheme is able to transform the servers' searching for error tolerant keywords on ciphertexts to searching for exact keywords on plaintexts. The server can use any existing approaches of exact keywords search to search plaintexts on an index table.
Systematic Review of Key Leader Practices Found to Influence Student Achievement

The field of educational leadership has accrued a body of research that explains how leaders influence student achievement through the enactment of various practices. Yet, differences exist in the substance of the frameworks that assert the areas to which leaders should attend. The specific purposes of this article are to identify and synthesize the empirical research on how leadership influences student achievement and to provide evidence on how school leaders should direct their efforts. During the literature review, we consulted experts for recommendations and searched peer reviewed journals from 2000 to 2014. The literature review yielded 56 empirical research studies of relevance to the topic and 3 frameworks consisting of clustered practices. We then grouped the 28 practices according to systematic criteria and found 5 overarching domains. In doing so, this study unifies existing frameworks through developing a cohesive set of practices to inform the work of researchers and practitioners.
School Finance Reform and the Distribution of Student Achievement

We study the impact of post 1990 school finance reforms, during the so called "adequacy" era, on absolute and relative spending and achievement in low income school districts. Using an event study research design that exploits the apparent randomness of reform timing, we show that reforms lead to sharp, immediate, and sustained increases in spending in low income school districts. Using representative samples from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, we find that reforms cause increases in the achievement of students in these districts, phasing in gradually over the years following the reform. The implied effect of school resources on educational achievement is large.
The Importance of School Systems: Evidence from International Differences in Student Achievement

Students in some countries do far better on international achievement tests than students in other countries. Is this all due to differences in what students bring with them to school socio economic background, cultural factors, and the like? Or do school systems make a difference? This essay argues that differences in features of countries' school systems, and in particular their institutional structures, account for a substantial part of the cross country variation in student achievement. It first documents the size and cross test consistency of international differences in student achievement. Next, it uses the framework of an education production function to provide descriptive analysis of the extent to which different factors of the school system, as well as factors beyond the school system, account for cross country achievement differences. Finally, it covers research that goes beyond descriptive associations by addressing leading concerns of bias in cross country analysis. The available evidence suggests that differences in expenditures and class size play a limited role in explaining cross country achievement differences, but that differences in teacher quality and instruction time do matter. This suggests that what matters is not so much the amount of inputs that school systems are endowed with, but rather how they use them. Correspondingly, international differences in institutional structures of school systems such as external exams, school autonomy, private competition, and tracking have been found to be important sources of international differences in student achievement.
Teacher Turnover, Teacher Quality, and Student Achievement in DCPS

In practice, teacher turnover appears to have negative effects on school quality as measured by student performance. However, some simulations suggest that turnover can instead have large positive effects under a policy regime in which low performing teachers can be accurately identified and replaced with more effective teachers. This study examines this question by evaluating the effects of teacher turnover on student achievement under IMPACT, the unique performance assessment and incentive system in the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) Employing a quasi experimental design based on data from the first years of IMPACT, we find that, on average, DCPS replaced teachers who left with teachers who increased student achievement by 0.08 standard deviation (SD) in math. When we isolate the effects of lower performing teachers who were induced to leave DCPS for poor performance, we find that student achievement improves by larger and statistically significant amounts (i.e. 0.14 SD in reading and 0.21 SD in math) In contrast, the effect of exits by teachers not sanctioned under IMPACT is typically negative but not statistically significant.
Teachers' explicit expectations and implicit prejudiced attitudes to educational achievement: Relations with student achievement and the ethnic achievement gap

In this paper, we consider whether teachers' explicit and implicit prejudiced attitudes underlie the ethnic achievement gap. To date, most research on teacher expectation effects has relied on explicit expectation measures that are prone to social desirability biases. In contrast, we examine the effects of teachers' (a) explicit ethnicity based expectations for academic achievement and (b) implicit prejudiced attitudes about academic achievement on students' actual academic success over time. A total of 38 teachers completed both a traditional teacher expectation measure and a modified Implicit Association Task designed to assess ethnic stereotypes associated with academic achievement and failure. A multi level analytic framework showed that students in classrooms of teachers with high expectations performed better in reading at the end of the year and that these effects were found across all ethnic groups. In contrast, whereas students' mathematics achievement scores were largely unrelated to teachers' explicit expectations, teachers' implicit prejudiced attitudes predicted student performance. Specifically, students benefited most academically when their teachers' implicit biases favored the ethnic group to which the student belonged. Findings are discussed in relation to differences in the salience of teachers' expectations and implicit prejudiced attitude in the classroom, and the ethnic achievement gap.
Relation of Student Achievement to the Quality of Their Teachers and Instructional Quality

This chapter examines how crucial input and process characteristics of schooling are related to cognitive student outcomes. It was hypothesized that teacher quality predicts instructional quality and student achievement, and that instructional quality in turn predicts student achievement. The strengths of these relations may vary across countries, making it impossible to draw universal conclusions. However, similar relational patterns could be evident within regions of the world. These hypotheses were investigated by applying multi level structural equation modeling to grade four student and teacher data from TIMSS 2011. The sample included 205,515 students from 47 countries nested in 10,059 classrooms. Results revealed that teacher quality was significantly related to instructional quality and student achievement, whereas student achievement was not well predicted by instructional quality. Certain characteristics were more strongly related to each other in some world regions than in others, indicating regional patterns. Participation in professional development activities and teachers' sense of preparedness were, on average, the strongest predictors of instructional quality across all countries. Professional development was of particular relevance in Europe and Western Asian/Arabian countries, whereas preparedness played an important role in instructional quality in South East Asia and Latin America. The ISCED level of teacher education was on average the strongest predictor of student achievement across all countries; this characteristic mattered most in the Western Asia/Arabia region.