nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of low calorie sweeteners is associated with self reported prior intent to lose weight in a representative sample of US adults
Venue: Nutrition Diabetes

Low calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are said to be a risk factor for obesity and diabetes. Reverse causality may be an alternative explanation.Data on LCS use, from a single 24 h dietary recall, for a representative sample of 22 231 adults were obtained from 5 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 2008 NHANES) Retrospective data on intent to lose or maintain weight during the prior 12 months and 10 year weight history were obtained from the weight history questionnaire. Objectively measured heights and weights were obtained from the examination. Primary analyses evaluated the association between intent to lose/maintain weight and use of LCSs and specific LCS product types using survey weighted generalized linear models. We further evaluated whether body mass index (BMI) may mediate the association between weight loss intent and use of LCSs. The association between 10 year weight history and current LCS use was evaluated using restricted cubic splines.In cross sectional analyses, LCS use was associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Adults who tried to lose weight during the previous 12 months were more likely to consume LCS beverages (prevalence ratio=1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54 1.75) tabletop LCS (prevalence ratio=1.68, 95% CI 1.47 1.91) and LCS foods (prevalence ratio=1.93, 95% CI 1.60 2.33) as compared with those who did not. In mediation analyses, BMI only partially mediated the association between weight control history and the use of LCS beverages, tabletop LCS, but not LCS foods. Current LCS use was further associated with a history of prior weight change (for example, weight loss and gain).Conclusions:LCS use was associated with self reported intent to lose weight during the previous 12 months. This association was only partially mediated by differences in BMI. Any inference of causality between attempts at weight control and LCS use is tempered by the cross sectional nature of these data and retrospective self reports of prior weight loss/maintenance intent.
How China Understands Public Diplomacy: The Importance of National Image for National Interests

The image of a nation is crucial in the conduct of international relations. As a rising power, China is increasingly concerned about its image, due to which it is increasingly investing into its public diplomacy. Public diplomacy, broadly understood as a country's engagement and communication with foreign publics, has become one important part of China's overall diplomacy in recent years. This article introduces the Chinese debates on public diplomacy. In doing so, it helps to better understand how China sees itself in the world (mainly misunderstood) how China perceives the international environment (potentially hostile) and how China wants to be seen by the outside world (as a friendly, peaceful, and reliable partner) Furthermore, this article demonstrates that in China, public diplomacy is understood more as an instrument to fulfill strategic and functional purposes and less as an instrument of mutuality. Although the non Chinese discourse focuses on mutuality, exchange, and reciprocal communication, China is more concerned with getting its message out and convincing the world of its benign intentions.
Various Techniques for Classification and Segmentation of Cervical Cell Images A Review

Pap smear test plays an important role for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer in which human cells taken from the cervix of patient are analysed for pre cancerous changes. The manual analysis of these cells by expert cytologist is labor intensive and time consuming job. The automatic and accurate detection of cervical cells are two critical preprocessing steps for automatic Pap smear image analysis and also for diagnosis of pre cancerous changes in the uterine cervix. Similarly, the reliable segmentation of abnormal nuclei in cervical cytology is of utmost importance in automation assisted screening techniques. This paper presents, the existing automated methods for the detection, segmentation and boundary determination of cells nuclei in conventional Pap stained cervical smear images. The majority of cytoplasm segmentation uses K means algorithm, edge detection method, thresholding approach, graph cut and active contours technique. Most of existing work is done on images of isolated cells, especially for those which are in the Herlev data set. For segmentation of images which contains multiple cells, level set and thresholding techniques have been used. The nucleus segmentation varies as: single nucleus segmentation, touching nuclei splitting and multiple nuclei segmentation. However, many segmentation methods incorporates shape priors, usually enforcing elliptical shapes in order to overcome cell occlusion and noise. The main focus of this paper is comprehensive literature survey of various existing classification and segmentation techniques. The shortcomings and failures of the existing work are also provided for further enhancement and improvement of overall performance and accuracy.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AND DIVIDEND POLICIES OF QUOTED FIRMS IN NIGERIA

This paper aims to determine the impact of corporate governance of quoted Nigerian firms on the dividend policy of these firms. Sectoral analysis of the dividend payout ratios of 57 quoted firms from13 sectors on the Nigerian stock exchange reveal that Nigerian firms adopt the dividend payout ratios of the industry leader and others the industry average. An impact analysis of corporate governance of these quoted firms on their dividend policies measured by their payout ratios using chi square shows that corporate governance has no impact on the dividend policies of Nigerian firms as it does in developed economies because in Nigerian firms, shareholder rights are low, firms are controlled by numerical minority director shareholders who make decisions affecting numerical majority shareholders, agency cost effect of dividend decisions is non existent as controlling shareholders are also directors, and the rate dividend payout of these firms is an indication of the existence of expropriation of funds by director shareholders. To redress this situation in Nigerian quoted firms, shares of closely held firms should not be traded on the exchange, maximum shareholding by an individual be the maximum 25% capital market and firm regulators should verify the accuracy of disclosures to ensure they are not only made to comply with regulations but to instill good corporate governance practices in Nigerian firms.
Recent developments on biofuels production from microalgae and macroalgae

Biofuels from algae are considered as promising alternatives of conventional fossil fuels, as they can eliminate most of the environmental problems. The present study focuses on all the possible avenues of biofuels production through biochemical and thermochemical conversion methods in one place, bringing together both microalgae and macroalgae on the same platform. It provides a brief overview on the mechanism of different biofuel production from algae. Factors affecting the biofuel process and the associated challenges have been highlighted alongwith analysis of techno economic study available in literature. Undoubtly, biodiesel is the center of attraction among other biofuels. However, their routes and process need to be optimized in order to bring the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of biodiesel competitive. Technological challenges have not been overcome to make biofuel production process energetically and commercially viable. Macroalgae are low in lipid content. Therefore, the use of macroalgae is restricted for gaseous fuels or fermentative methods of liquid biofuels production. Anaerobic digestion of algal biomass is easy and seems promising as the process is simple in terms of engineering and infrastructure requirement. Hydrogen production by microalgae through biophotolysis seems interesting as it directly converts the solar energy into hydrogen. However, the process has not been scaled up till today. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is more promising due to handling of wet biomass at moderate temperature and pressure and conversion of whole biomass into high quality oil. However, HTL process is energy intensive.
Experimental Research on Labor Market Discrimination

Understanding whether labor market discrimination explains inferior labor market outcomes for many groups has drawn the attention of labor economists for decades at least since the publication of Gary Becker's The Economics of Discrimination in 1957. The decades of research on discrimination in labor markets began with a regression based "decomposition" approach, asking whether raw wage or earnings differences between groups which might constitute prima facie evidence of discrimination were in fact attributable to other productivity related factors. Subsequent research responding in large part to limitations of the regression based approach moved on to other approaches, such as using firm level data to estimate both marginal productivity and wage differentials. In recent years, however, there has been substantial growth in experimental research on labor market discrimination although the earliest experiments were done decades ago. Some experimental research on labor market discrimination takes place in the lab. But far more of it is done in the field, which makes this particular area of experimental research unique relative to the explosion of experimental economic research more generally. This paper surveys the full range of experimental literature on labor market discrimination, places it in the context of the broader research literature on labor market discrimination, discusses the experimental literature from many different perspectives (empirical, theoretical, and policy) and reviews both what this literature has taught us thus far, and what remains to be done.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Dietary and Physical Activity Habits of Iranian Children and Adolescents: the CASPIAN IV Study.
Venue: Archives of Iranian medicine

This study aims to compare the dietary and physical activity (PA) habits in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents based on their family and regional socioeconomic status (SES) METHOD This nationwide study was conducted on 14,880 students, aged 6 18 years, and one of their parents living in urban and rural areas of 30 provinces in Iran. Data regarding PA, screen time and dietary habits were recorded using two sets of questionnaires for both students and their parents. The results were compared according to the SES of the family and the living region.  Overall, 13,486 students completed the study (90.6% participation rate) with a mean age of 12.5 (95% CI: 12.3 12.6) years. Comparing family SES, the level of PA was similar in the three SES groups. The total screen time, working computer with and watching TV was significantly higher in those with higher family SES (P 0.05) Consumption of meat, dairy products, rice, fruit, and vegetables was significantly higher in families with higher SES. Consumption of salty snacks and sweet drinks was significantly lower in families with higher SES level. Sedentary lifestyle was more prevalent in regions with higher SES. The dietary habits of inhabitants of regions with low SES was similar to that reported for individuals with low family SES.  Both family and regional SES might impact lifestyle habits from early life. Participants with higher SES had healthier dietary habits but lower PA level than their counterparts with lower SES. Socioeconomic disparities should be considered for public health interventions aiming to improve lifestyle habits.
Gender Differences in Lifestyle: Results of a Survey among Indian School going Adolescents

Gendered segregation of lifestyle issues is of central importance in identifying gender linked priorities of health education being followed in various schools with different economic cultural settings. Therefore, this study has examined gender differences in multiple aspects of an adolescent's lifestyle, including dietary habits, food consumption, sleep, sports, games, physical activity, sedentary and leisure patterns through an anonymous lifestyle survey. The survey questioned 1,500 Indian school going adolescents from 18 schools located in various rural, urban and metro areas of the country. The results indicated that female adolescents in rural schools had the least positive dietary habits, and had a limited engagement in sports or games while male school going adolescents fared less favourably in cultural activities. Urban and metro urban female school going adolescents reported a greater engagement in sedentary activities than their rural counterparts. Such trends would suggest a crucial need to design and implement gender sensitive health education.
Information Systems Security and Privacy: First International Conference, ICISSP 2015, Angers, France, February 9 11, 2015, Revised Selected Papers

This book constitutes revised selected papers from the First International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy, ICISSP 2015, held in Angers, France, in February 2015. The 12 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selection from a total of 56 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: data and software security; privacy and confidentiality; mobile systems security; and biometric authentication. The book also contains two invited papers.
Mutual long term effects of school bullying, victimization, and justice sensitivity in adolescents.
Venue: Journal of adolescence

In the present study, we investigate long term relations between experiences of aggression at school and the development of justice sensitivity as a personality disposition in adolescents. We assessed justice sensitivity (from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective) bullying, and victimization among 565 German 12 to 18 year olds in a one year longitudinal study with two measurement points. Latent path analyses revealed gender differences in long term effects of bullying and victimization on observer sensitivity and victim sensitivity. Experiences of victimization at T1 predicted an increase in victim sensitivity among girls and a decrease in victim sensitivity among boys. Bullying behavior at T1 predicted an increase in victim sensitivity among boys and a decrease in observer sensitivity among girls. We did not find long term effects of justice sensitivity on bullying and victimization. Our findings indicate that experiences of bullying and victimization have gender specific influences on the development of moral personality dispositions in adolescents.
Inverse Scattering Using a Joint $L1 L2$ Norm Based Regularization
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Inverse scattering problems suffer from ill posedness and ill conditioning, necessitating the use of regularization methods to get meaningful solutions. Commonly used regularizations are L2 norm based, but these generate over smooth solutions. We propose a regularization method using both the L1 and L2 norms to obtain sharp object boundaries, while also achieving good interior reconstruction of the object permittivity. Knowledge about the permittivity can also be used as a priori information. The applicability of the method is demonstrated on synthetically generated data for two dimensional (2 D) microwave imaging using the Born iterative method (BIM) The optimization routine systematically estimates all parameters, while minimizing the cost function. Different objects chosen to represent realistic features have been considered to evaluate the performance. The reconstructed images indicate that the method can produce accurate object localization, shape identification, and good permittivity estimation.
Methodology for Dynamic Analysis and Risk Management on ISO27001
Venue: IEEE Latin America Transactions

The information society is increasingly dependent Information Systems Security Management (ISMS) and knowledge of the security risks associated with its assets value. However, very few risk analysis methodologies have been raised as to create systems to analyze risks in a quick and economical, and which in turn can leave this system dynamically update. This paper presents a new methodology, called MARISMA, aimed at carrying out a risk analysis simplified and dynamic, which is valid for all companies, including SMEs, and to provide solutions to the problems identified during the application of the scientific method "Action Research" This methodology is being applied directly to real cases, thus achieving a constant improvement of its processes.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI REKAM MEDIS BERBASIS WEB (STUDI KASUS DI KLINIK BERSALIN SRIATI KOTA SUNGAI PENUH JAMBI)

The records officer at Maternity Clinic Sriati Sungai Penuh Jambi in its management and reporting of patient data are still using manual systems. It has caused a delay in the delivery of information and report on daily data patients. Thus, it needs a system of web based medical record information that can assist officers in the medical record of the patient data management processing. This system design method uses development life cycle (Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC) which consists of planning, analysis, design, implementation, and use. Meanwhile, the purpose and benefits of the design of this information system is to produce a system of web based medical record information in Maternity Clinic Sriati River Sungai Penuh Jambi. With this information system, it eases medical records clerk in the management of patient data whichh includes patient registration process, the recording of patient medical records, physician data recording, data recording space, the search code ICD 9 CM and ICD code search 10. In addition, this information system produces a variety of reports and patient medical record information that is required for management decision making.  Information Systems, Medical Record, Maternity Clinic, Web. ABSTRAK Petugas rekam medis di Klinik Bersalin Sriati Kota Sungai Penuh Jambi dalam pengelolaan dan pembuatan laporan data pasien masih menggunakan sistem manual. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya keterlambatan dalam penyampaian informasi dan pelaporan data harian pasien. Maka diperlukan sebuah sistem informasi rekam medis berbasis web yang dapat membantu petugas rekam medis dalam proses pengelolaan data pasien tersebut. Metode perancangan sistem ini menggunakan siklus hidup pengembangan sistem (Systems Development Life Cycle SDLC) yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, analisis, desain, implementasi, dan penggunaan. Sedangkan tujuan dan manfaat dari perancangan sistem informasi ini yaitu menghasilkan sebuah sistem informasi rekam medis berbasis web di Klinik Bersalin Sriati Kota Sungai Penuh Jambi. Dengan adanya sistem informasi ini, dapat memudahkan petugas rekam medis dalam pengelolaan data pasien yang meliputi proses pendaftaran pasien, pencatatan rekam medis pasien, pencatatan data dokter, pencatatan data ruang, pencarian kode ICD 9 CM, dan pencarian kode ICD 10. Selain itu sistem informasi ini menghasilkan berbagai laporan laporan serta informasi rekam medis pasien yang dibutuhkan pihak manajemen untuk pengambilan keputusan.  Sistem Informasi, Klinik Bersalin, ICD 9 CM, ICD 10
Air quality monitoring for sustainable systems via drone based technology
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability (ICIAfS)

We propose a novel system that collects air sampling field data for a given location in 3D space. A drone mounted with relevant components for air quality measuring is deployed. Data collected from the system will be efficiently transmitted to the storing and monitoring devices. Knowledge of existing air pollutants levels and patterns are taken into consideration in order to analyse a given situation. Data will be stored in cloud storage for further analysis and record keeping. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Real Time Probing of Modulations in South Indian Classical (Carnatic) Music by Indian and Western Musicians

We used Toiviainen and Krumhansl's (2003) concurrent probe tone technique to track Indian and Western musicians' tonal hierarchy profiles through modulations in Carnatic (South Indian classical) music. Changes of mode (ragam) are particularly interesting in Carnatic music because of the large number of modes (more than 300) in its tonal system. We first had musicians generate profiles to establish a baseline for each of four ragams in isolation. Then we obtained dynamic profiles of two modulating excerpts, each of which incorporated two of the four baseline ragams. The two excerpts used the two techniques of modulation in Carnatic music: grahabedham (analogous to a Western shift from C major to A minor) and ragamalika (analogous to a shift from C major to C minor) We assessed listeners' tracking of the modulations by plotting the correlations of their response profiles with the baseline profiles. In general, the correlation to the original ragam declined and the correlation to the new ragam increased with the modulation, and then followed the reverse pattern when the original ragam returned. Westerners' responses matched those of the Indians on ragams with structures similar to Western scales, but differed when ragams were less familiar, and surprisingly, they registered the shifts more strongly than Indian musicians. These findings converged with previous research in identifying three types of cues: 1) culture specific cues schematic and veridical knowledge employed by Indians, 2) tone distribution cues duration and frequency of note occurrence employed by both Indians and Westerners, and 3) transference of schematic knowledge of Western music by Western participants.
Effect of Body Mass Index and Actual Weight Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Doses on Pathologic Complete Response in Operable Breast Cancer.
Venue: Clinical breast cancer

The effect of body mass index (BMI) and chemotherapy dose reduction on pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for locoregional breast cancer remains unclear. Contemporary studies have reported largely on trial populations and used dose capping.  Patient registries at the University of Iowa were queried to identify patients with operable breast cancer who received NAC. Dose reductions were calculated for taxanes (T) anthracyclines (A) and non A T chemotherapy. Clinical pathologic characteristics, chemotherapy dose reductions, and adverse events were compared between normal (BMI <25) and overweight/obese patients (BMI =25) Additionally, the synergistic effect of BMI and chemotherapy dose reduction on pCR was assessed.  Of 171 eligible patients, 112 were overweight/obese. Chemotherapy dosing was capped in 2 patients; all others initiated full weight based treatment. Overweight/obese patients required more frequent taxane (44.6% vs. 25.4% P .01) and any chemotherapy dose reductions (50.9% vs. 33.9% P .03) pCR was attained in 29.2% of patients. In a multivariable model, the interaction term for BMI as a continuous variable and any chemotherapy dose reduction was significant independent of the clinical stage and tumor receptor status (P .04) For obese patients, any chemotherapy dose reduction was significantly associated with increased odds of not attaining pCR.  During NAC, overweight/obese patients more often have chemotherapy dose reductions. Chemotherapy dose reduction in obese patients was a powerful predictor of not attaining pCR. This was not seen for normal or overweight patients. Opportunities might exist to improve pCR rates in this higher risk group.