nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
NVMeDirect: A User space I/O Framework for Application specific Optimization on NVMe SSDs
Venue: HotStorage

The performance of storage devices has been increased significantly due to emerging technologies such as Solid State Drives (SSDs) and Non Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) interface. However, the complex I/O stack of the kernel impedes utilizing the full performance of NVMe SSDs. The application specific optimization is also difficult on the kernel because the kernel should provide generality and fairness. In this paper, we propose a user level I/O framework which improves the performance by allowing user applications to access commercial NVMe SSDs directly without any hardware modification. Moreover, the proposed framework provides flexibility where user applications can select their own I/O policies including I/O completion method, caching, and I/O scheduling. Our evaluation results show that the proposed framework outperforms the kernel based I/O by up to 30% on microbenchmarks and by up to 15% on Redis.
Understanding performance of I/O intensive containerized applications for NVMe SSDs
Venue: 2016 IEEE 35th International Performance Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC)

Our cloud based IT world is founded on hyper visors and containers. Containers are becoming an important cornerstone, which is increasingly used day by day. Among different available frameworks, docker has become one of the major adoptees to use containerized platform in data centers and enterprise servers, due to its ease of deploying and scaling. Further more, the performance benefits of a lightweight container platform can be leveraged even more with a fast back end storage like high performance SSDs. However, increase in number of simultaneously operating docker containers may not guarantee an aggregated performance improvement due to saturation. Thus, understanding performance bottleneck in a multi tenancy docker environment is critically important to maintain application level fairness and perform better resource management. In this paper, we characterize the performance of persistent storage option (through data volume) for I/O intensive, dockerized applications. Our work investigates the impact on performance with increasing number of simultaneous docker containers in different workload environments. We provide, first of its kind study of I/O intensive containerized applications operating with NVMe SSDs. We show that 1) a six times better application throughput can be obtained, just by wise selection of number of containerized instances compared to single instance; and 2) for multiple application containers running simultaneously, an application throughput may degrade upto 50% compared to a stand alone applications throughput, if good choice of application and workload is not made. We then propose novel design guidelines for an optimal and fair operation of both homogeneous and heterogeneous environments mixed with different applications and workloads.
B Fredholm Elements in Rings and Algebras

In this paper, we study B Fredholm elements in rings and algebras. After characterising these elements in terms of generalized Fredholm elements, we will give a condition on the socle of a unital primitive Banach algebra $A$ under which we prove that an element of $A$ is a B Fredholm element of index $0$ if and only if it is the sum of a Drazin invertible element of $A$ and an element of the socle of $A$
Frogs as integrative models for understanding digestive organ development and evolution.
Venue: Seminars in cell developmental biology

The digestive system comprises numerous cells, tissues and organs that are essential for the proper assimilation of nutrients and energy. Many aspects of digestive organ function are highly conserved among vertebrates, yet the final anatomical configuration of the gut varies widely between species, especially those with different diets. Improved understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events that orchestrate digestive organ development is pertinent to many areas of biology and medicine, including the regeneration or replacement of diseased organs, the etiology of digestive organ birth defects, and the evolution of specialized features of digestive anatomy. In this review, we highlight specific examples of how investigations using Xenopus laevis frog embryos have revealed insight into the molecular and cellular dynamics of digestive organ patterning and morphogenesis that would have been difficult to obtain in other animal models. Additionally, we discuss recent studies of gut development in non model frog species with unique feeding strategies, such as Lepidobatrachus laevis and Eleutherodactylous coqui, which are beginning to provide glimpses of the evolutionary mechanisms that may generate morphological variation in the digestive tract. The unparalleled experimental versatility of frog embryos make them excellent, integrative models for studying digestive organ development across multiple disciplines.
Optical System Design for a Head up Display Using Aberration Analysis of an Off axis Two mirror System

This study presents a new optical system for a combiner type head up display (HUD) with a cylindrical lens as an asymmetrical aberration corrector, instead of a freeform mirror. In the initial design process based on off axial aberration analysis, we obtain an off axis two mirror system corrected for linear astigmatism and spherical aberration by adding a conic secondary mirror to an off axis paraboloidal mirror. Thus, since the starting optical system for an HUD is corrected for dominant aberrations, it enables us to balance the residual asymmetrical aberrations with a simple optical surface such as a cylinder, not a complex freeform surface. From this design process, an optical system for an HUD having good performance is finally obtained. The size of the virtual image is 10 inches at 2 meters away from a combiner, and the area of the eye box is 130x50 mm2.
Internet of Things in the 5G Era: Enablers, Architecture, and Business Models
Venue: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

The IoT paradigm holds the promise to revolutionize the way we live and work by means of a wealth of new services, based on seamless interactions between a large amount of heterogeneous devices. After decades of conceptual inception of the IoT, in recent years a large variety of communication technologies has gradually emerged, reflecting a large diversity of application domains and of communication requirements. Such heterogeneity and fragmentation of the connectivity landscape is currently hampering the full realization of the IoT vision, by posing several complex integration challenges. In this context, the advent of 5G cellular systems, with the availability of a connectivity technology, which is at once truly ubiquitous, reliable, scalable, and cost efficient, is considered as a potentially key driver for the yet to emerge global IoT. In the present paper, we analyze in detail the potential of 5G technologies for the IoT, by considering both the technological and standardization aspects. We review the present day IoT connectivity landscape, as well as the main 5G enablers for the IoT. Last but not least, we illustrate the massive business shifts that a tight link between IoT and 5G may cause in the operator and vendors ecosystem.
Challenges in Quantum Key Distribution: A Review
Venue: ICINS '16

Quantum computing is essentially exploiting and harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics to process information. With it, rise the era of a new cryptosystem that has the potential to be unconditionally secure which is known as quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography uses the properties of quantum mechanics to develop an unbreakable cryptosystem that can never be compromised. Quantum key distribution (QKD) which is an area in quantum cryptography, provides a way for distribution of secure key between two parties. Some of the existing QKD protocols include BB84 protocol, B92 protocol, SARG04 protocol, E91 protocol and many more. In this paper, the trends and challenges in Quantum Key Distribution is reviewed.
Fostering Creativity in Design Education: Using the Creative Product Analysis Matrix with Chinese Undergraduates in Macau.

The purpose of the present study is to explore to what extent the use of a more structured mode of assessing creative products specifically, the CPAM could beneficially influence design students' product creativity and creative processes. For this qualitative inquiry, following our CPAM based intervention, students wrote' reflective papers in response to five open ended questions, and these papers were used as the major source for data analysis. Three major themes were found during the data analysis: (a) creative approaches to generating products; (b) positive and negative experience in the creative and learning process; and (c) the effects of introducing the CPAM model. It is suggested that the CPAM model could be used as a set of criteria with which design educators could objectively assess students' creative products, as our participants found it easy to understand.
Who are these 'refugees'

This study aims at investigating how refugees are discursively represented in twelve articles written by the Danish online newspaper 'Den Korte Avis' The main question aimed at answering being "Which power relations are established discursively by how refugees are positioned, represented and potentially subjected to stereotypical representations through discourses in the articles and what are the potential consequences of these representations?" The research applies a social constructivist approach to answer the main question and the research questions. The study has been conducted using Norman Fairclough's three dimensional framework for critical discourse analysis (CDA) which has provided theory and methods for critically analysing media texts. Beyond that, Stuart Hall's perception of representation has been used to provide the research with a clear theoretical background for understanding how representations work, both in production and consumption. Moreover, Hall's paper "The Spectacle of 'the other'" has been used to dig deeper into the representation of other cultures or minority groups of society. Within this, Hall's notions on stereotyping through representations have been used in analysis of the news articles. The research found four predominant discourses about refugees, which all exclusively represented them negatively. In the articles, refugees are represented as a cultural or terror threat, an economic burden and as migrants. Within these discourses, refugees are often subjected to stereotypical representations. Similar for all four discourses was the fact that they drew on an understanding of Denmark being under threat from the refugees and the asylum influx, and that border control would be a way of countering this threat. It is, thereof, concluded that 'Den Korte Avis' carry a nationalist bias in their articles. It is, moreover, concluded that 'Den Korte Avis' in their coverage of refugees, reproduce unequal power relations between the Danes and the refugees, as a clear scenario of 'us versus them' is established frequently, wherein refugees are positioned as not being able to fit into Danish society because they are 'too different' Thereby, a cultural hegemony is also established in the articles. It is argued in this thesis that the mainly negative representations of refugees in the news media, could have consequences both culturally/societally and politically, some of which we may be seeing already.
The Botany Of Mangroves

Thank you very much for reading the botany of mangroves. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this the botany of mangroves, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer. the botany of mangroves is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the botany of mangroves is universally compatible with any devices to read.
The plant microbiome explored: implications for experimental botany.
Venue: Journal of experimental botany

The importance of microbial root inhabitants for plant growth and health was recognized as early as 100 years ago. Recent insights reveal a close symbiotic relationship between plants and their associated microorganisms, and high structural and functional diversity within plant microbiomes. Plants provide microbial communities with specific habitats, which can be broadly categorized as the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. Plant associated microbes interact with their host in essential functional contexts. They can stimulate germination and growth, help plants fend off disease, promote stress resistance, and influence plant fitness. Therefore, plants have to be considered as metaorganisms within which the associated microbes usually outnumber the cells belonging to the plant host. The structure of the plant microbiome is determined by biotic and abiotic factors but follows ecological rules. Metaorganisms are co evolved species assemblages. The metabolism and morphology of plants and their microbiota are intensively connected with each other, and the interplay of both maintains the functioning and fitness of the holobiont. Our study of the current literature shows that analysis of plant microbiome data has brought about a paradigm shift in our understanding of the diverse structure and functioning of the plant microbiome with respect to the following: (i) the high interplay of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists; (ii) the high specificity even at cultivar level; (iii) the vertical transmission of core microbiomes; (iv) the extraordinary function of endophytes; and (v) several unexpected functions and metabolic interactions. The plant microbiome should be recognized as an additional factor in experimental botany and breeding strategies.
Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk. F.H. Chen: A review.
Venue: Journal of ethnopharmacology

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burk. F.H. Chen is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known as Sanqi or Tianqi in China. This plant, which is distributed primarily in the southwest of China, has wide ranging pharmacological effects and can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, pain, inflammation and trauma as well as internal and external bleeding due to injury.  This paper provides up to date information on investigations of this plant, including its botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. The possible uses and perspectives for future investigation of this plant are also discussed.  The relevant information on Panax notoginseng (Burk. F.H. Chen was collected from numerous resources, including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases, including Pubmed, SciFinder, ACS, Ebsco, Elsevier, Taylor, Wiley and CNKI.  More than 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from Panax notoginseng (Burk. F.H. Chen, including saponins, flavonoids and cyclopeptides. The plant has pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular system, immune system as well as anti inflammatory, anti atherosclerotic, haemostatic and anti tumour activities, etc.  Panax notoginseng is a valuable traditional Chinese medical herb with multiple pharmacological effects. This review summarizes the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of P. notoginseng, and presents the constituents and their corresponding chemical structures found in P. notoginseng comprehensively for the first time. Future research into its phytochemistry of bio active components should be performed by using bioactivity guided isolation strategies. Further work on elucidation of the structure function relationship among saponins, understanding of multi target network pharmacology of P. notoginseng, as well as developing its new clinical usage and comprehensive utilize will enhance the therapeutic potentials of P. notoginseng.
Bio based Interpenetrating Network Polymer Composites from Locust Sawdust as Coating Material for Environmentally Friendly Controlled Release Urea Fertilizers.
Venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

A novel polymer coated nitrogen (N) fertilizer was developed using bio based polyurethane (PU) derived from liquefied locust sawdust as the coating material. The bio based PU was successfully coated on the surface of the urea fertilizer prills to form polymer coated urea (PCU) fertilizer for controlled N release. Epoxy resin (EP) was also used to further modify the bio based PU to synthesize the interpenetrating network (IPN) enhancing the slow release properties of the PCU. The N release characteristics of the EP modified PCU (EMPCU) in water were determine at 25 degC and compared to that of PCU and EP coated urea (ECU) The results showed that the EP modification reduced the N release rate and increased the longevity of the fertilizer coated with bio based PU. A corn growth study was conducted to further evaluate the filed application of the EMPCU. In comparison to commercial PCU and conventional urea fertilizer, EMPCU was more effective and increased the yield and total dry matter accumulation of the corn. Findings from this work indicated that bio based PU derived from sawdust can be used as coating materials for PCU, particularly after EP modification. The resulting EMPCU was more environmentally friendly and cost effective than conventional urea fertilizers coated by EP.
Bacterial polysaccharide levan as stabilizing, non toxic and functional coating material for microelement nanoparticles.
Venue: Carbohydrate polymers

Levan, fructose composed biopolymer of bacterial origin, has potential in biotechnology due to its prebiotic and immunostimulatory properties. In this study levan synthesized by levansucrase from Pseudomonas syringae was thoroughly characterized and used as multifunctional biocompatible coating material for microelement nanoparticles (NPs) of selenium, iron and cobalt. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) hydrodynamic size measurements (DLS) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the interaction of levan with NPs. Levan stabilized the dispersions of NPs, decreased their toxicity and had protective effect on human intestinal cells Caco 2. In addition, levan attached to cobalt NPs remained accessible as a substrate for the colon bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. We suggest that the combination of levan and nutritionally important microelements in the form of NPs serves as a first step towards a novel "2 in 1" approach for food supplements to provide safe and efficient delivery of microelements for humans and support beneficial gut microbiota with nutritional oligosaccharides.
The formation of the primitive star SDSS J102915+172927: effect of the dust mass and the grain size distribution

Understanding the formation of the extremely metal poor star SDSS J102915+172927 is of fundamental importance to improve our knowledge on the transition between the first and second generation of stars in the Universe. In this paper, we perform three dimensional cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of dust enriched halos during the early stages of the collapse process including a detailed treatment of the dust physics. We employ the astrochemistry package \krome coupled with the hydrodynamical code \textsc{enzo} assuming grain size distributions produced by the explosion of core collapse supernovae of 20 and 35 M$_\odot$ primordial stars which are suitable to reproduce the chemical pattern of the SDSS J102915+172927 star. We find that the dust mass yield produced from Population III supernovae explosions is the most important factor which drives the thermal evolution and the dynamical properties of the halos. Hence, for the specific distributions relevant in this context, the composition, the dust optical properties, and the size range have only minor effects on the results due to similar cooling functions. We also show that the critical dust mass to enable fragmentation provided by semi analytical models should be revised, as we obtain values one order of magnitude larger. This determines the transition from disk fragmentation to a more filamentary fragmentation mode, and suggests that likely more than one single supernova event or efficient dust growth should be invoked to get such a high dust content.
The formation of the primitive star SDSS J102915+172927: does the grain distribution matter?

Understanding how the extremely metal poor star SDSS J102915+172927 was formed is of fundamental importance to probe the chemical and physical conditions of primordial stars, and contributes to improve our knowledge on the transition between the first and the second generation of stars in the Universe. In this Letter, we perform three dimensional cosmological hydrodynamical high resolution simulations of dust enriched halos during the early stages of the collapse process including an accurate treatment of the dust physics. We employ the astrochemistry package KROME coupled with the hydrodynamical code ENZO assuming grain size distributions produced by the explosion of core collapse supernovae of 20 and 35 M$_\odot$ primordial stars exposed to reverse shocks, which are suitable to reproduce the chemical pattern of the SDSS J102915+172927 star. We compare these simulations to runs with a grain composition typical for the Milky Way. We find that the total dust mass from Population III supernovae is the most important factor which drives the thermal evolution and the dynamical properties of the halos, and that the composition, the dust optical properties, and the size range have only minor effects on the results.
A new laager for a "new" South Africa Afrikaans film and the imagined boundaries of Afrikanerdom

The Afrikaans film industry came into existence in 1916, with the commercial release of De Voortrekkers (Shaw) and, after 1948, flourished under the guardianship of the National Party. South Africa's democratic transition, however, seemed to announce the death of the Afrikaans film. In 1998, the industry entered a nine year slump during which not a single Afrikaans film was released on the commercial circuit. Yet, in 2007, the industry was revived and has been expanding rapidly ever since. This study is an attempt to explain the Afrikaans film industry's recent success and also to consider some of its consequences. To do this, I situate the Afrikaans film industry within a larger and equally flourishing Afrikaans culture industry. I argue that the Afrikaans language's uncoupling from the state has shifted the preservation and promotion of the language into market driven domains. I show that Afrikaans language media and cultural commodities like film are mostly tailored to and consumed by white Afrikaans speakers. And I ask: if a "distinct" Afrikaner identity was first forged within the cultural sphere, through cultural rituals and through the consumption of Afrikaans media forms, what kind of subjectivities are, in the present moment, being produced by the Afrikaans culture industry? Specifically, I consider the ways in which the Afrikaans culture industry is reifying social life, how it is reaffirming the imagined boundaries of Afrikanerdom, and how, through the consumption of its products, Afrikaners can imagine or re imagine themselves as members of the same collectivity or laager. Stellenbosch University https:/scholar.sun.ac.za