nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Institutions, Foreign Direct Investment, and Domestic Investment: Crowding Out or Crowding In?

Studies of the relationship between FDI and domestic investment reach contradictory findings. We argue that some of the conflicting evidence may be explained by the use of poor proxies for the theoretical concepts and questionable methodological choices. We review the paper of Morrissey and Udomkerdmonkol published in this journal in 2012. Improvements in the construction of the proxies and refinements in the estimation methodology reverse the finding of Morrissey and Udomkerdmonkol that FDI inflows crowd out domestic investment. Furthermore, there is no strong evidence that "good governance" actually encourages domestic investment.
ETUDE DE QUELQUES CARACTERES VEGETATIFS CHEZ TROIS ESPECES DE CUCURBITACEES LOCALES CULTIVEES AU CONGO BRAZZAVILLE LAGENARIA SICERARIA, CITRULLUS LANATUS ET CUCURBITA MOSCHATA

Au Congo, on cultive au moins sept especes de Cucurbitacee pour leurs graines oleagineuses et pour leurs feuilles. Une analyse des caracteres agronomiques (germination, developpement vegetatif et production) et des caracteres morphologiques (phenologie, croissance des tiges, morphologie des organes) est realisee pour les trois especes (Lagenaria siceraria, Citrullus lanatus et Cucurbita moschata) etudiees. Les resultats des analyses statistiques realisees montrent que le caractere taux de germination ne presente pas de difference significative pour les trois especes. Il en est de meme de quatre autres caracteres croissance des tiges poids des fruits poids de 100 graines et forme des graines C'est le caractere nombre de graines par fruit qui permet de discriminer les trois especes.
What Counts as Evidence? Panel Data and the Empirical Evaluation of Revised Modernization Theory
Venue: British Journal of Political Science

Replying to our article (D&K) which shows that the proposed evidence for a clear causal effect of self expression values on democracy is highly questionable Welzel, Inglehart and Kruse (WIK) criticize our empirical evaluation of "Revized Modernization Theory" They claim that it is "irrelevant" (p.9) and "poses no challenge" (p.12) to the theory, asserting that "the evidence supports the emancipatory theory of democracy as it did in I&W's original analyses" (p.2)
Modernization Theory: How to Measure and Operationalize it When Gauging Variation in Women's Representation?

Modernization theory, one of the most influential theories in the social sciences, holds that as the composition of the economy develops, from an agrarian to a postindustrial society, communities will develop post materialist values, which should lead to a higher representation of women in elected positions. However, while this reasoning is intuitive, there is no consensus on how to operationalize and measure this process. Existing studies use different types of national level proxy measures such as aggregated survey data on public attitudes on gender equality and broad development indicators such as per capita GDP or population density. In this article, we not only highlight that existing strategies are suboptimal as they run the risk of creating ecological inference fallacies for the former type of indicators and measurement error for the second type of factors, but also offer some finer grained operationalization of modernization theory at the regional level. In more detail, we illustrate that modernization is a multifaceted concept, which is primarily characterized by urbanization, women's increased labor force participation and a strengthening of the tertiary sector. Using an original dataset on 285 European regions we illustrate that any of these three characteristics of modernization has an independent impact on women's representation.
Fukuyama and the Chinese middle class: modernization theory 1.5

Francis Fukuyama's recent works have rekindled interest in the larger questions of political development and have been discussed widely, including in China. This essay argues, first, that his theoretical perspective is squarely rooted in the classical modernization paradigm which is inherently teleological, but it develops its tenets and adds new insights to this body of theory. This qualifies Fukuyama's theoretical perspective as 'Modernization Theory 1.5' a significant and important update on earlier versions, but not quite a fully relaunched research program. Second, the essay exemplifies what is problematic about this enhanced perspective by focusing on the role of the middle class for political development as envisaged by Fukuyama. His argument about the central role of the middle class for democratization is critiqued because the concept is underspecified in Fukuyama's framework and, arguably, will remain an essentially contested concept and as such unhelpful in shedding light on political development. Moreover, his treatment of the Chinese middle class, in particular, is unconvincing because he fails to explicate how a collective 'middle class consciousness' is to arise in a society undergoing rapid and multifaceted social re stratification and mobilization. Social identity is the 'missing link' in his argumentation. Given these criticisms, the essay calls for a fundamental overhaul of the modernization debate in political science that should take into account more refined arguments advanced by sociologists studying the subject.
High Switching Performance of 1700 V, 50 A SiC Power MOSFET Over Si IGBT/BiMOSFET for Advanced Power Conversion Applications
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

Due to wider band gap of silicon carbide (SiC) compared to silicon (Si) MOSFET made in SiC has considerably lower drift region resistance, which is a significant resistive component in high voltage power devices. With low on state resistance and its inherently low switching loss, SiC MOSFETs can offer much improved efficiency and compact size for the converter compared to those using Si devices. In this paper, we report switching performance of a new 1700 V, 50 A SiC MOSFET designed and developed by Cree, Inc. Hard switching losses of the SiC MOSFETs with different circuit parameters and operating conditions are measured and compared with the 1700 V Si BiMOSFET and 1700 V Si IGBT, using same test set up. Based on switching and conduction losses, the operating boundary of output power and switching frequency of these devices are found out in a dc dc boost converter and compared. The switching dv/dts and di/dts of SiC MOSFET are captured and discussed in the perspective of converter design. To validate the continuous operation, three dc dc boost converters using these devices, are designed and tested at 10 kW of power with 1 kV of output voltage and 10 kHz of switching frequency. 1700V SiC Schottky diode is used as the blocking diode in each case. Corresponding converter efficiencies are evaluated and the junction temperature of each device is estimated. To demonstrate high switching frequency operation, the SiC MOSFET is switched upto 150 kHz within permissible junction temperature rise. A switch combination of the 1700 V SiC MOSFET and 1700 V SiC Schottky diode connected in series is also evaluated for zero voltage switching turn ON behavior and compared with those of bipolar Si devices. Results show substantial power loss saving with the use of SiC MOSFET.
Modeling and Analysis of SiC MOSFET Switching Oscillations
Venue: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics

SiC MOSFETs exhibit extremely fast switching characteristics, which are unfortunately accompanied by undesirable switching oscillations. In this paper, equivalent circuit models incorporating all parasitic elements are developed for the turn ON and turn OFF of a SiC MOSFET. Simple mathematical formulas are derived to provide the theoretical analysis of the switching oscillation phenomenon, and to guide the snubber or damping circuit design. Both circuit simulation and experimental measurement are carried out to validate these simple equivalent circuit models.
Men's Objectifying Media Consumption, Objectification of Women, and Attitudes Supportive of Violence Against Women
Venue: Archives of sexual behavior

A recent White House Council Report on Women and Girls called attention to sexual assault on college campuses and encouraged continued research on this important public health problem. Media that sexually objectify women have been identified by feminist scholars as encouraging of sexual assault, but some researchers question why portrayals that do not feature sexual assault should affect men's attitudes supportive of violence against women. Guided by the concepts of specific and abstract sexual scripting in Wright's (Communication Yearbook 35:343 386, 2011) sexual script acquisition, activation, application model of sexual media socialization, this study proposed that the more men are exposed to objectifying depictions, the more they will think of women as entities that exist for men's sexual gratification (specific sexual scripting) and that this dehumanized perspective on women may then be used to inform attitudes regarding sexual violence against women (abstract sexual scripting) Data were gathered from collegiate men sexually attracted to women (N 187) Consistent with expectations, associations between men's exposure to objectifying media and attitudes supportive of violence against women were mediated by their notions of women as sex objects. Specifically, frequency of exposure to men's lifestyle magazines that objectify women, reality TV programs that objectify women, and pornography predicted more objectified cognitions about women, which, in turn, predicted stronger attitudes supportive of violence against women.
XCS based reinforcement learning algorithm for motion planning of a spherical mobile robot
Venue: Applied Intelligence

A Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm based on eXtended Classifier System (XCS) is used to navigate a spherical robot. Traditional motion planning strategies rely on pre planned optimal trajectories and feedback control techniques. The proposed learning agent approach enjoys a direct model free methodology that enables the robot to function in dynamic and/or partially observable environments. The agent uses a set of guard action rules that determines the motion inputs at each step. Using a number of control inputs (actions) and the developed RL scheme, the agent learns to make near optimal moves in response to the incoming position/orientation signals. The proposed method employs an improved variant of the XCS as its learning agent. Results of several simulated experiments for the spherical robot show that this approach is capable of planning a near optimal path to a predefined target from any given position/orientation.
Evaluation the effect of individual and demographic factors on awareness attitude and performance of radiographers regarding principles of radiation protection

In modern medicine, the use of ionizing radiation for diagnosis and treatment of diseases is increasing; on the other hand, harmful effects of this radiation for human have been demonstrated. Radiographers have vital role in application of principles of radiation protection and they can reduce unwanted exposure.  Therefore, understanding the factors influencing awareness, attitudes and performance of radiographers regarding radiation protection principles was assessed by three special questionnaires.  The level of awareness, attitude and performance of radiographers regarding principles of radiation protection were 4.3% 65.4% and 1.08% respectively. Results showed that there is a significant difference between attitudes of the radiographers with high level of education and other groups. The level of education and training affects the attitudes, awareness and performance regards principles of radiation protection.  So, to improve the level of awareness, attitude and performance of radiographers, it seems that the radiographers must spend retraining courses about radiation protection and technical issues; moreover, supervision and inspection authorities must be increased.  Radiographers, Radiation protection, Awareness, Attitude, Performance.
Socio demographic and reproductive determinants of cervical neoplasia in seven sub Sahara African countries
Venue: Cancer Causes Control

BackgroundSince most human papilloma virus (HPV) infections regress without any intervention, HPV is a necessary but may not be a solely sufficient cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Hence, the influence of cofactors on progression from cervical HPV infection to high grade CIN and invasive cervical cancer has been a subject of intensive research.ObjectiveWe assessed the effect of socio demographic and sexual reproductive factors on the prevalence of invasive cervical cancer and CIN diagnosed in cross sectional cervical cancer screening projects carried out in seven sites of different sub Saharan countries.MethodsBetween January 2000 and August 2007, healthy women aged 25 59 who participated in the screening projects were interviewed for socio demographic, reproductive, and behavioral characteristics, investigated for disease confirmation with colposcopy, and had biopsies directed from colposcopically abnormal areas by trained local physicians. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of women characteristics on CIN 1, CIN 2 3, CIN 3, and invasive cancer outcome measures.ResultsAmong 47,361 women screened and investigated for disease confirmation, CIN 1 was diagnosed in 1,069 (2.3% CIN 2 in 517 (1.1% CIN 3 in 175 (0.5% and invasive cancer in 485 (1.0% The site specific prevalence of CIN 2 3 lesions ranged from 0.3 to 5.1% and from 0.2 to 1.9% for invasive cancers. Risk factors for CIN 2 3 were being widowed or separated versus currently married (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0 1.7 a) and having had at least four pregnancies versus zero or one pregnancy (OR at least 1.4 fold, 95% CI 1.1 1.8) Risk factors for invasive cancer were being widowed or separated versus currently married (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 3.1) and having had at least three pregnancies versus zero or one pregnancy (OR at least 3.0 fold, 95% CI 2.1 4.2) Additionally, cervical cancer risk increased with increasing age, age at menarche, and age at marriage, while the risk decreased with increasing level of education and in those with some form of employment compared to housewives.ConclusionThe exposure of the exocervix and/or the increased levels of estrogen and progesterone for more prolonged periods during pregnancy in multiparous women and the vulnerability of widowed/separated women in society might result in increased risk of cervical neoplasia more so among women exposed to HPV infection. High parity probably explains the persistently high rates of cervical cancer in sub Saharan Africa.
Effect of Antioxidants, Amino Acids and Plant Growth Regulators on in vitro Propagation of Rosa centifolia.
Venue: Iranian journal of biotechnology

Rosa centifoliais commercially propagated by asexual means but in vitro propagation ensure the production of disease free and healthy plants and browning of explants creates hurdle in their multiplication.  The aim was to reduce oxidative browning of shoots of R. centifolia in MS medium during in vitro propagation.  Axillary buds of R. centifolia were sterilized with 70% ethyl alcohol for 4 min and 5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min followed by three washing with sterilized double distilled water. In order to control oxidative browning, Ascorbic acid (100 mg.L 1) citric acid (100 mg.L 1) and activated charcoal (3 g.L 1) were used while to control withering of shoots, different concentrations (3.0 mg.L 1, 6.0 mg.L 1, 9.0 mg.L 1) of either glutamine, asparagine and proline were put into trial. Different concentrations of Benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) were used for in vitro shoot and root formation.  Minimum browning percentage (20% was achieved in the presence of activated charcoal (3.0 g.L 1) and pretreatment of explants with running tap water. Asparagin (9.0 mg.L 1) produced maximum shooting (93% minimum withering (6.67% and it took longer period (27 days) for shoots to wither. BAP (3.0 mg.L 1) NAA (0.5 mg.L 1) was produced the highest number of shoots (1.63) in a shortest periods (9 days) For root production, NAA (1.5 mg.L 1) BAP (0.5 mg.L 1) reduced the time to 11 days with maximum number of roots (4.33) and root length (4.20 cm) CONCLUSIONS The supplement of activated charcoal (3.0 g.L 1) a sparagin (9.0 mg.L 1) and combination of BAP and NAA in the MS medium is effective for in vitro propagation of R. centifolia.
Development of New Methodology in Organic Synthesis Enabled by Aqueous Micellar Catalysis

Author(s) Klumphu, Piyatida Advisor(s) Lipshutz, Bruce H Abstract: Green Chemistry has become a priority for conducting chemistry in both academia and industry. When advanced processes are developed in the area, chemists not only are concerned with the efficiency of the processes but also the impact on the environment. One of the major criteria of green chemistry, which is the focus of this thesis, is the replacement of organic solvents with an environmentally friendly reaction medium: water. Micellar catalysis facilitates organic reactions in water by self assembling of surfactants, creating on organic environment for substrates and catalyst in which to perform reactions. The development of a surfactant, which serves as a solvent, is crucial for achieving syntheses under micellar catalysis conditions. A third generation designer surfactant, "Nok" (SPGS 550 M) commercially available from Aldrich, can be prepared in two steps, both involving esterification using a naturally abundant plant feedstock b sitosterol together with succinic anhydride and PEG 550 M. To evaluate this surfactant, various side by side transition metal catalyzed reactions have been tested relative to TPGS 750 M (the second generation surfactant) It has been shown that with lower cost, Nok usually affords yields that are as good as, or better than those typically obtained with TPGS 750 M. Additionally, lowering the amount of precious metal containing catalysts and costly ligands is preferable according to the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry and from the standpoint of economics as well. Ligand free dehalogenation of aryl halides in water is an example of applying green chemistry principles by avoiding use of ligands and organic solvents in an important organic reaction. These mild and efficient conditions achieved via in situ generation of dihydrogen from PdCl2/TMDS in water, subsequent dehalogenation of various functionalized aryl halides. The technology can be further expanded to include an application to multi step synthesis, as well as showing an ability to recycle catalysts and the reaction medium. Finally, utilizing the highly effective ligand HandaPhos for ppm gold catalyzed reactions has been successfully performed in nanomicelles. Several cycloisomerizations of allenes have been performed giving various types of heterocyclic products in good yields. The scope of reaction also allows for intermolecular reactions such as hydration of alkynes. Although catalyst loadings are very low, this work demonstrates an ability to recycle catalysts as well as the reaction medium with consistent reactivity.
Beauveria medogensis sp. nov. a new fungus of the entomopathogenic genus from China.
Venue: Journal of invertebrate pathology

Beauveria is among the most ubiquitous genera of entomopathogenic fungi throughout the world. A previously unknown species of the genus was recently discovered from a soil sample collected from Tibetan Plateau, China and is here described as new to science, B. medogensis sp. nov. The new species is distinguished from its closest relatives based on both morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Beauveria medogensis is characterized by globose to subglobose conidia, morphologically similar to some other species of in the genus, but was conclusively separated from those species in the phylogenetic analyses including sequences of four nuclear genes (RPB1, RPB2, TEF1 and Bloc) The new species was clustered in the analyses in a single terminal lineage which was grouped with B. australis sequences together as a sister clade to the B. brongniartii terminal clade. Although molecularly closely related, the new species is distinct morphologically from its closest sisters, B. australis and B. brongniartii, in producing globose to subglobose conidia rather than subglobose, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid conidia or ellipsoidal to cylindrical conidia. As isolated from a soil sample, the entomopathogenicity of the new species has been confirmed using Helicoverpa armigera and Tenebrio molitor larvae.
Microcapsules of Poly(urea formaldehyde) (PUF) Containing alkyd from Palm Oil

This paper describes the encapsulation procedure of an alkyd resin derived from palm oil. The palm oil based alkyd having carboxylic and hydroxyl moieties can be tailor made to suit the intended application. Microencapsulation process was done using poly(urea formaldehyde) (PUF) resin as shell material. The microcapsules obtained were free flowing, with 80 90% core encapsulated, and are intended to be used in self healing material development. The functional groups of alkyd and shell material were observed using ATR FTIR. DSC analysis shows melting peaks and glass transition of PUF and alkyd in the microcapsules. TGA analysis indicated that the shell of the microcapsules was thermally stable up to 250 degC. FESEM examination showed that the microcapsules had rough outer surface.
An indicator framework for assessing ecosystem services in support of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020

In the EU, the mapping and assessment of ecosystems and their services, abbreviated to MAES, is seen as a key action for the advancement of biodiversity objectives, and also to inform the development and implementation of related policies on water, climate, agriculture, forest, marine and regional planning. In this study, we present the development of an analytical framework which ensures that consistent approaches are used throughout the EU. It is framed by a broad set of key policy questions and structured around a conceptual framework that links human societies and their well being with the environment. Next, this framework is tested through four thematic pilot studies, including stakeholders and experts working at different scales and governance levels, which contributed indicators to assess the state of ecosystem services. Indicators were scored according to different criteria and assorted per ecosystem type and ecosystem services using the common international classification of ecosystem services (CICES) as typology. We concluded that there is potential to develop a first EU wide ecosystem assessment on the basis of existing data if they are combined in a creative way. However, substantial data gaps remain to be filled before a fully integrated and complete ecosystem assessment can be carried out.