nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Piecewise Smooth Dynamical Systems Theory: The Case of the Missing Boundary Equilibrium Bifurcations
Venue: J. Nonlinear Sci.

We present two codimension one bifurcations that occur when an equilibrium collides with a discontinuity in a piecewise smooth dynamical system. These simple cases appear to have escaped recent classifications. We present them here to highlight some of the powerful results from Filippov's book Differential Equations with Discontinuous Righthand Sides (Kluwer, 1988) Filippov classified the so called boundary equilibrium collisions without providing their unfolding. We show the complete unfolding here, for the first time, in the particularly interesting case of a node changing its stability as it collides with a discontinuity. We provide a prototypical model that can be used to generate all codimension one boundary equilibrium collisions, and summarize the elements of Filippov's work that are important in achieving a full classification.
Next Generation 5G Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Survey
Venue: IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials

The vision of next generation 5G wireless communications lies in providing very high data rates (typically of Gbps order) extremely low latency, manifold increase in base station capacity, and significant improvement in users' perceived quality of service (QoS) compared to current 4G LTE networks. Ever increasing proliferation of smart devices, introduction of new emerging multimedia applications, together with an exponential rise in wireless data (multimedia) demand and usage is already creating a significant burden on existing cellular networks. 5G wireless systems, with improved data rates, capacity, latency, and QoS are expected to be the panacea of most of the current cellular networks' problems. In this survey, we make an exhaustive review of wireless evolution toward 5G networks. We first discuss the new architectural changes associated with the radio access network (RAN) design, including air interfaces, smart antennas, cloud and heterogeneous RAN. Subsequently, we make an in depth survey of underlying novel mm wave physical layer technologies, encompassing new channel model estimation, directional antenna design, beamforming algorithms, and massive MIMO technologies. Next, the details of MAC layer protocols and multiplexing schemes needed to efficiently support this new physical layer are discussed. We also look into the killer applications, considered as the major driving force behind 5G. In order to understand the improved user experience, we provide highlights of new QoS, QoE, and SON features associated with the 5G evolution. For alleviating the increased network energy consumption and operating expenditure, we make a detail review on energy awareness and cost efficiency. As understanding the current status of 5G implementation is important for its eventual commercialization, we also discuss relevant field trials, drive tests, and simulation experiments. Finally, we point out major existing research issues and identify possible future research directions.
Genetic Ancestry and Natural Selection Drive Population Differences in Immune Responses to Pathogens
Venue: Cell

Individuals from different populations vary considerably in their susceptibility to immune related diseases. To understand how genetic variation and natural selection contribute to these differences, we tested for the effects of African versus European ancestry on the transcriptional response of primary macrophages to live bacterial pathogens. A total of 9.3% of macrophage expressed genes show ancestry associated differences in the gene regulatory response to infection, and African ancestry specifically predicts a stronger inflammatory response and reduced intracellular bacterial growth. A large proportion of these differences are under genetic control: for 804 genes, more than 75% of ancestry effects on the immune response can be explained by a single cis or trans acting expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) Finally, we show that genetic effects on the immune response are strongly enriched for recent, population specific signatures of adaptation. Together, our results demonstrate how historical selective events continue to shape human phenotypic diversity today, including for traits that are key to controlling infection.
Mobile instant messaging support for teaching and learning in higher education
Venue: Internet High. Educ.

Smartphones could be the fastest spreading technology in human history. These mobile devices change the way we communicate and enable mobile and ubiquitous learning at a different level. This study evaluated the use of mobile instant messaging tools to support teaching and learning in higher education. A total of 61 undergraduate students enrolled at a teacher training institute in Hong Kong who have smartphones with WhatsApp were assigned into experimental and control groups. Besides the traditional classroom learning for both groups, the experimental group was also supported with bite sized multimedia materials and teacher student interaction via WhatsApp outside school hours. The participants of the control group used WhatsApp only for academic communication. Pre test scores were used as the covariate. The marginal means on the post test scores showed that the participants in the experimental group performed better than those in the control group. The intervention of WhatsApp improved the learning achievement of the participants. The strength of the intervention between the two groups was medium to large. A questionnaire designed by the author was administered at the end of the study. The participants showed positive perception and acceptance of the use of WhatsApp for teaching and learning. The participants slightly rejected the view that receiving instructional materials and questions outside school hours could interfere with their private lives. The typical usability issues on mobile learning were found to be valid. The experience learnt in this research was discussed.
Education for All? Measuring inequality of educational outcomes among 15 year olds across 39 industrialized nations

Measuring inequality of learning outcomes in a way that provides meaningful benchmarks for national policy while retaining a focus on those students who are 'hard to reach' and 'hard to teach' is a challenging but vital task in the light of the global post 2015 education agenda. Drawing on PISA 2012 data and its earlier rounds, this paper explores alternative approaches to measuring educational inequality at the 'bottom end' of educational distribution within the cross national context. Its main aim is to understand how far behind children are allowed to fall in their academic achievement compared to what is considered a standard performance in their country. Under the framework of relative (measured as achievement gap between the median and 10th percentile) and absolute (measured by the percentage of students achieving at a given benchmark) educational disadvantage it examines cross country rankings as well as national trajectories with reference to overall academic progress. We find that on average across OECD countries around 11% of 15 year olds lacked skills in solving basic reading, mathematical, as well as science, tasks in 2012, but variation across countries was large.
An interval Kalman filter based fuzzy multi sensor fusion approach for fault tolerant heading estimation of an autonomous surface vehicle

This article presents a novel fuzzy logic based multi sensor data fusion algorithm for combining heading estimates from three separate weighted interval Kalman filters to construct a robust, fault tolerant heading estimator for the navigation of the Springer autonomous surface vehicle. A single, low cost gyroscopic unit and three independent compasses are used to acquire data onboard the vehicle. The gyroscope data, prone to sporadic bias drifts, are fused individually with readings from each of the compasses via a weighted interval Kalman filter. Unlike the standard Kalman filter, the weighted interval Kalman filter is able to provide a robust heading estimate even when subject to such gyroscope bias drifts. The three ensuing weighted interval Kalman filter estimates of the vehicle's heading are then fused via a fuzzy logic algorithm designed to provide an accurate heading estimate even when two of the three compasses develop a fault at any time. Simulations and real time trials demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Financial Mathematics of Market Liquidity From Optimal Execution to Market Making

This book is among the first to present the mathematical models most commonly used to solve optimal execution problems and market making problems in finance. The Financial Mathematics of Market Liquidity: From Optimal Execution to Market Making presents a general modeling framework for optimal execution problems inspired from the Almgren Chriss approach and then demonstrates the use of that framework across a wide range of areas. The book introduces the classical tools of optimal execution and market making, along with their practical use. It also demonstrates how the tools used in the optimal execution literature can be used to solve classical and new issues where accounting for liquidity is important. In particular, it presents cutting edge research on the pricing of block trades, the pricing and hedging of options when liquidity matters, and the management of complex share buy back contracts. What sets this book apart from others is that it focuses on specific topics that are rarely, or only briefly, tackled in books dealing with market microstructure. It goes far beyond existing books in terms of mathematical modeling bridging the gap between optimal execution and other fields of Quantitative Finance. The book includes two appendices dedicated to the mathematical notions used throughout the book.  A recalls classical concepts of mathematical economics.  B recalls classical tools of convex analysis and optimization, along with central ideas and results of the calculus of variations. This self contained book is accessible to anyone with a minimal background in mathematical analysis, dynamic optimization, and stochastic calculus. Covering post electronification financial markets and liquidity issues for pricing, this book is an ideal resource to help investment banks and asset managers optimize trading strategies and improve overall risk management.
Determination of Multiresidue Pesticides in Botanical Dietary Supplements Using Gas Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (GC MS/MS)
Venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

A simplified sample preparation method in combination with gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC MS/MS) analysis was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 227 pesticides in green tea, ginseng, gingko leaves, saw palmetto, spearmint, and black pepper samples. The botanical samples were hydrated with water and extracted with acetonitrile, magnesium sulfate, and sodium chloride. The acetonitrile extract was cleaned up using solid phase extraction with carbon coated alumina/primary secondary amine with or without C18. Recovery studies using matrix blanks fortified with pesticides at concentrations of 10, 25, 100, and 500 mg/kg resulted in average recoveries of 70 99% and relative standard deviation of 5 13% for all tested botanicals except for black pepper, for which lower recoveries of fortified pesticides were observed. Matrix matched standard calibration curves revealed good linearity (r(2) 0.99) across a wide concentration range (1 1000 mg/L) Nine commercially available tea and 23 ginseng samples were analyzed using this method. Results revealed 36 pesticides were detected in the 9 tea samples at concentrations of 2 3500 mg/kg and 61 pesticides were detected in the 23 ginseng samples at concentrations of 1 12500 mg/kg.
The Gastric Mucosa from Patients Infected with CagA+ or VacA+ Helicobacter pylori Has a Lower Level of Dual Oxidase 2 Expression than Uninfected or Infected with CagA /VacA H. pylori
Venue: Digestive Diseases and Sciences

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a well recognized gastroduodenal pathogen and class I carcinogen. Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) a member of NADPH oxidase family, has several critical physiological functions, including thyroid hormone biosynthesis and host mucosal defense.AimTo investigate the effect of H. pylori infection on DUOX2 gene expression in human stomach.Materials and MethodsThe biopsies were obtained from patients who underwent endoscopic diagnosis. The patient serum was assayed for two virulence factors of H. pylori, CagA IgG and VacA. The inflammation in gastric mucosa was analyzed with histology. Real time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of three members of NADPH oxidase, NOX1, NOX2, and DUOX2, as well as lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the gastric mucosa. NOX2, DUOX2, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein levels were quantified by Western blots or immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe H. pylori infected gastric mucosa had more severe inflammation than uninfected samples. However, the expression of DUOX2 mRNA and protein was lower in gastric mucosa of patients with H. pylori infection compared to the uninfected. Among the H. pylori infected patients, those having CagA IgG or VacA in the serum had lower DUOX2 expression levels than those infected with H. pylori without either virulence factor. The NOX2 and MPO levels were higher in those patients infected with H. pylori irrespective of the virulence factors than those uninfected patients. NOX1 and LPO mRNA were undetectable in the gastric mucosa.ConclusionCagA+ or VacA+ H. pylori in the stomach of patients may suppress DUOX2 expression to promote its own survival. Increased NOX2 could not eliminate H. pylori infection.
Conditional marked point process based crowd counting in sparsely and moderately crowded scenes
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS)

Crowd density estimation for counting persons, or for determining interactions among persons, groups of people, or crowds has been a challenging problem since persons can be occluded by other persons in (highly) crowded situations. The successful development of such techniques has diverse purposes, such as reassigning limited resources (e.g. public transportation) properly by counting floating population or categorizing the type of events based on the identification of crowd interactions. While existing counting approaches are mostly based on regression models that directly map features to the corresponding class labels, we propose a conditional marked point process (CMPP) based approach to count individual persons even in moderately crowded scenes. We use a mixture of Bernoulli shape, which is a stochastic model, estimated from the training set with extrinsic shape distribution that determines the size of a shape for the given location in an input image to count the proper number of persons in different types of scenes. The experiment was carried out on PETS2009 which is a well known public dataset. It was concluded from the experimental results that the proposed approach can be an alternative to the conventional MPP based approaches.
25(OH)D3 Levels Relative to Muscle Strength and Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Athletes
Venue: Journal of human kinetics

Vitamin D is mainly known for its effects on the bone and calcium metabolism. The discovery of Vitamin D receptors in many extraskeletal cells suggests that it may also play a significant role in other organs and systems. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D3 levels, lower limb isokinetic strength and maximum oxygen uptake in well trained professional football players. We enrolled 43 Polish premier league soccer players. The mean age was 22.7+ 5.3 years. Our study showed decreased serum 25(OH)D3 levels in 74.4% of the professional players. The results also demonstrated a lack of statistically significant correlation between 25(OH)D3 levels and lower limb muscle strength with the exception of peak torque of the left knee extensors at an angular velocity of 150deg/s (r=0.41) No significant correlations were found between hand grip strength and maximum oxygen uptake. Based on our study we concluded that in well trained professional soccer players, there was no correlation between serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and muscle strength or maximum oxygen uptake.
Texture Networks: Feed forward Synthesis of Textures and Stylized Images
Venue: ICML

Gatys et al. recently demonstrated that deep networks can generate beautiful textures and stylized images from a single texture example. However, their methods require a slow and memory consuming optimization process. We propose here an alternative approach that moves the computational burden to a learning stage. Given a single example of a texture, our approach trains compact feed forward convolutional networks to generate multiple samples of the same texture of arbitrary size and to transfer artistic style from a given image to any other image. The resulting networks are remarkably light weight and can generate textures of quality comparable to Gatys et al. but hundreds of times faster. More generally, our approach highlights the power and flexibility of generative feed forward models trained with complex and expressive loss functions.
Precomputed Real Time Texture Synthesis with Markovian Generative Adversarial Networks
Venue: ECCV

This paper proposes Markovian Generative Adversarial Networks (MGANs) a method for training generative networks for efficient texture synthesis. While deep neural network approaches have recently demonstrated remarkable results in terms of synthesis quality, they still come at considerable computational costs (minutes of run time for low res images) Our paper addresses this efficiency issue. Instead of a numerical deconvolution in previous work, we precompute a feed forward, strided convolutional network that captures the feature statistics of Markovian patches and is able to directly generate outputs of arbitrary dimensions. Such network can directly decode brown noise to realistic texture, or photos to artistic paintings. With adversarial training, we obtain quality comparable to recent neural texture synthesis methods. As no optimization is required at generation time, our run time performance (0.25 M pixel images at 25 Hz) surpasses previous neural texture synthesizers by a significant margin (at least 500 times faster) We apply this idea to texture synthesis, style transfer, and video stylization.
An Efficient Brain Tumor MRI Segmentation and Classification Using GLCM Texture Features and Feed Forward Neural Networks

Brain tumor detection and segmentation in magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) is vital in medical diagnosis as it provides information related to anatomical structures as well as potential abnormal tissues obligatory to treatment planning and patient record.But regrettably it is a very decisive task. We have proposed a new method. It provides a competent and fast approach for diagnosis of the brain tumor. The Proposed system consists of manifold phases. First phase consists of Preprocessing and segmentation, the second phased consists of first order and second order GLCM (Gray level Co occurrence Matrix) based features extraction from segmented brain MR images. Third phase classify brain images into tumor and non tumors using Feed Forwarded Artificial neural network based classifier. After classification tumor region is extracted from those images which are classified as malignant using two stage segmentation process. Experiments have exposed that the method was more robust to initialization, faster and accurate.
Taxation in Digital Media Markets

Digital media goods and digital media platforms exhibit cost structures and network effects that imply that price and quantity effects of consumption taxes are qualitatively different compared to what we typically find for physical goods. For instance, in most European countries and US states, printed newspapers and books face favourable value added taxes (VAT) or sales taxes. This has probably increased their circulation. However, reducing the VAT rate on digital newspapers has the opposite effects; it increases prices and leads to lower sales. This is not true for ebooks, but a low tax policy is still ineffective if the aim is to reduce prices. The primary effect of exempting such product from value added taxes is to increase profits for publishers.
Dual band (2.4/5 GHz) antenna design for Digital Signage
Venue: 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

The Digital Signage installed digital display which can be controlled remotely over the network and provide information, entertainment and advertising in public or commercial spaces. The Digital Signage system by selecting the Wi Fi communication method in a digital media provides an organic and proactive operable service. The market of Digital Signage is growing rapidly to provide images or information by using digital technology such as flat panel displays or projectors. Therefore, the antenna including the Digital Signage system are designed to communicate a variety of IT content in both directions and to provide a variety of information advertising in public places  In this paper, we design two kinds of antenna type such as Monopole and Dipole. Figure 1 shows the structure of the proposed antenna. Figure 1(a) shows a dipole antenna, Figure 1(b) shows a monopole antenna  The antenna is printed on a substrate (FR 4: er 4.4, tan d 0.02) Thickness of the substrate is 1 mm. The size of the substrate is 50mm x 10 mm. The proposed antenna with dual band is suitable for use in the digital signage. The return losses are less than 10 dB over operating frequency band (2.4 GHz 2.48 GHz, 5.15 GHz 5.825 GHz)
Improving Technical Communication Group Projects

This article reports the results of an experiment that was conducted to determine the impact of media synchronicity theory (MST) training on media fit behavior, communication quantity, communication quality, and group effectiveness. MST training introduces students to a framework for assessing a media's capabilities and matching those capabilities to a particular task. From three technical communication courses, 80 participants were randomly divided into two groups and compared using a between subjects design. The MST training group reported significantly higher levels of media fit behavior, communication quantity, and the communication performance qualities of discussion quality, richness, and openness. The article discusses practical ways to implement MST training into technical communication group projects.
Mujer de letras

Erige negro el habito contra los cautiverios complices del ovulo y su ulterior servidumbre ai hieratico homunculo. A la toca confi'a el torrencial secreto Medusa coronada de su exceso de historia tan aca de su tiempo. Muere madre y nos libra de la fauna progenie del espasmo patriarca milenario. Consagrase a combinar y permutar "los alfabetos de las doscientas veintiuna puertas" organo a organo hasta la boca sellada por el celo censor de los escribas. Urdio luego Juana las runas relegadas y se creo inefable Golem de suave arcilla.