nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial communities affecting albumen photography heritage: a methodological survey
Venue: Scientific reports

This study is one of the few investigations which analyze albumen prints, perhaps the most important photographic heritage of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The chemical composition of photographic samples was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X ray fluorescence. These two non invasive techniques revealed the complex nature of albumen prints, which are composed of a mixture of proteins, cellulose and salts. Microbial sampling was performed using cellulose nitrate membranes which also permitted the trapped microflora to be observed with a scanning electron microscope. Microbial analysis was performed using the combination of culture dependent (cultivation in different media, including one 3% NaCl) and culture independent (bacterial and fungal cloning and sequencing) approaches. The isolated microorganisms were screened for their lipolytic, proteolytic, cellulolytic, catalase and peroxidase activities. The combination of the culture dependent and independent techniques together with enzymatic assays revealed a substantial microbial diversity with several deteriogen microorganisms from the genera Bacillus, Kocuria, Streptomyces and Geobacillus and the fungal strains Acrostalagmus luteoalbus, Bjerkandera adusta, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Trichothecium roseum.
Surviving the transition shock in the first year of teaching through reflective practice

No profession wants to admit that it 'eats its young' but research in general education has indicated that 24% of novice teachers leave teaching within the first year, 33% drop out after three years and between 40% and 50% leave within the first five years. This indicates that novice teachers may experience a difficult beginning to their teaching career. What is shocking in the field of TESOL is that we do not really know what novice ESL teachers experience in their first year of teaching, yet this knowledge is essential for both teacher educators and novice teachers alike if novice teachers are to successfully navigate this complex first year as a teacher. This paper outlines and discusses three female novice English as a second language (ESL) teachers' perceptions of their experiences during their first semester (14 weeks) of teaching in a university language school in Canada. Results indicate that in the absence of any real inductions program, the novice teacher reflection group they were members of helped the teachers better understand the many shocks they experienced so they could 'swim' rather than 'sink' in their first semester as ESL teachers.
Deep learning for plant identification using vein morphological patterns
Venue: Comput. Electron. Agric.

Display Omitted Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for plant identification focusing on leaf vein patterns.No task specific feature extractors needed.Improved the state of the art accuracy on a legume species recognition task.Visualization of relevant vein patterns. We propose using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the problem of plant identification from leaf vein patterns. In particular, we consider classifying three different legume species: white bean, red bean and soybean. The introduction of a CNN avoids the use of handcrafted feature extractors as it is standard in state of the art pipeline. Furthermore, this deep learning approach significantly improves the accuracy of the referred pipeline. We also show that the reported accuracy is reached by increasing the model depth. Finally, by analyzing the resulting models with a simple visualization technique, we are able to unveil relevant vein patterns.
Ecological and intercultural citizenship in the primary English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom: an online project in Argentina

This article describes an online intercultural citizenship project concerning the environment in the primary English language classroom carried out in 2013/2014 between Argentina and Denmark. It is part of a network of projects coordinated by Michael Byram that involves teachers and researchers in Europe, the US and East Asia. The project is framed within the theory of intercultural citizenship in the foreign language classroom and it is the only study set in the primary school context. Furthermore, developments in Latin America in this field are scarce and the study intends to fill an empirical gap. Although the comparative perspective is ingrained in the project, the article describes mainly the Argentinian standpoint. At the same time, and more generally (beyond language education) it will be argued, and shown, that the project can also be framed within the notion of ecological citizenship, understood as a new form of citizenship that presents new challenges to educators. While the notion of citizenship in formal education usually assumes nationalist and patriotic mindsets, in this project ecological citizenship offers a new framework that introduces an international, transnational or global perspective. Furthermore, citizenship education tends to be reserved to secondary civics and social studies classrooms and in this sense the focus on the primary school context and on the foreign language classroom is innovative in this project.
Food Consumption in Association with Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross Sectional Study from Five Universities and Three Colleges in Gaza Strip, Palestine

University/college period is one of the stressful stage of life, and depressive symptoms and stress are health problems among students worldwide. Understanding nutrition mood associations may enable students to make healthier food choices that lead to a healthier life style. The present study investigated the relationship between food consumption and stress and depressive symptoms among university/college students in Gaza strip, Palestine. A cross sectional survey was undertaken among undergraduates enrolled across 5 universities and 3 colleges in Gaza Strip (n=1409) Self administered questionnaires included a 12 item food frequency questionnaire; Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and modified Beck Depression Inventory. Gender and university comparisons were performed. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were computed for each of the two outcomes; perceived stress and depressive symptoms. In general, females consumed sweets, snacks, fresh fruits and salad/raw vegetables and cooked vegetables more commonly than males, whereas males generally consumed fast food/canned food and cake/cookies, meat/sausage products, fish/sea food, cereal/cereal products and dairy/dairy products more commonly than females with differences across various universities/colleges. Perceived stress and depressive symptoms scores were generally higher among females than males. The univariable analysis showed that significant associations between various food groups and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were more evident for males. In addition, for males, all food groups were negatively associated with perceived stress as well as with depressive symptoms. For females, the exceptions of such negative associations were observed with meat/sausage products, fish/sea food and cereal/cereal products for perceived stress, and only with cereal/cereal products for depressive symptoms. The multivariable analysis indicated that frequent consumption of 'unhealthy' food such as sweets/cookies/snacks/fast food was significantly associated with lower perceived stress among males only. In addition, frequent consumption of 'healthy' foods such as fruits/vegetables was significantly associated with lower depressive symptoms, but for both sexes. In conclusion, university/college students used food whether 'unhealthy' or/and 'healthy' as a coping strategy to reduce tremendous and continuous stress due to the imposed Israeli siege since the year 2006 which affects all aspects of life in Gaza strip.
A New MPPT Design Using Grey Wolf Optimization Technique for Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

This paper presents a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) design for a photovoltaic (PV) system using a grey wolf optimization (GWO) technique. The GWO is a new optimization method which overcomes the limitations such as lower tracking efficiency, steady state oscillations, and transients as encountered in perturb and observe (P&O) and improved PSO (IPSO) techniques. The problem of tracking the global peak (GP) of a PV array under partial shading conditions (PSCs) is attempted employing the GWO based MPPT technique. The proposed scheme is studied for a PV array under PSCs which exhibits multiple peaks and its tracking performance is compared with that of two MPPT algorithms, namely P&O MPPT and IPSO MPPT. The proposed GWO MPPT algorithm is implemented on a PV system using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Furthermore, an experimental setup is developed to verify the efficacy of the proposed system. From the obtained simulation and experimental results, it is observed that the proposed MPPT algorithm outperforms both P&O and IPSO MPPTs.
Learning to Generate Compositional Color Descriptions
Venue: EMNLP

The production of color language is essential for grounded language generation. Color descriptions have many challenging properties: they can be vague, compositionally complex, and denotationally rich. We present an effective approach to generating color descriptions using recurrent neural networks and a Fourier transformed color representation. Our model outperforms previous work on a conditional language modeling task over a large corpus of naturalistic color descriptions. In addition, probing the model's output reveals that it can accurately produce not only basic color terms but also descriptors with non convex denotations "greenish" bare modifiers "bright" "dull" and compositional phrases "faded teal" not seen in training.
Balancing New Against Old Information: The Role of Surprise
Venue: ArXiv

Surprise is a widely used concept describing a range of phenomena from unexpected events to behavioral responses. We propose a measure of surprise, to arrive at a new framework for surprise driven learning. There are two components to this framework: (i) a confidence adjusted surprise measure to capture environmental statistics as well as subjective beliefs, (ii) a surprise minimization learning rule, or SMiLe rule, which dynamically adjusts the balance between new and old information without making prior assumptions about the temporal statistics of the environment. We apply our framework to a dynamic decision making task and a maze exploration task to demonstrate that it is suitable for learning in complex environments, even if the environment undergoes gradual or sudden changes. Our proposed surprise modulated belief update algorithm provides a framework to study the behavior of humans and animals encountering surprising events.
Unsupervised Feature Extraction by Time Contrastive Learning and Nonlinear ICA
Venue: NIPS

Nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA) provides an appealing framework for unsupervised feature learning, but the models proposed so far are not identifiable. Here, we first propose a new intuitive principle of unsupervised deep learning from time series which uses the nonstationary structure of the data. Our learning principle, time contrastive learning (TCL) finds a representation which allows optimal discrimination of time segments (windows) Surprisingly, we show how TCL can be related to a nonlinear ICA model, when ICA is redefined to include temporal nonstationarities. In particular, we show that TCL combined with linear ICA estimates the nonlinear ICA model up to point wise transformations of the sources, and this solution is unique thus providing the first identifiability result for nonlinear ICA which is rigorous, constructive, as well as very general.
An Introduction To Drama

Thank you for downloading an introduction to drama. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this an introduction to drama, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer. an introduction to drama is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the an introduction to drama is universally compatible with any devices to read.
p38 MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Differentiation
Venue: Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast functions, is controlled by multiple factors that can be modulated post translationally. Some of the modulators are Mitogen activated kinases (MAPKs) whose role has been studied in vivo and in vitro. p38 MAPK modifies the transactivation ability of some key transcription factors in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which affects their differentiation and function. Several commercially available inhibitors have helped to determine p38 action on these processes. Although it is frequently mentioned in the literature, this chemical approach is not always as accurate as it should be. Conditional knockouts are a useful genetic tool that could unravel the role of p38 in shaping the skeleton. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art on p38 activity during osteoblast differentiation and function, and emphasize the triggers of this MAPK.
Mobile robot vision system using continuous laser scanning for industrial application
Venue: Ind. Robot

The purpose of this paper is the presentation and research of a novel robot vision system, which uses laser dynamic triangulation, to determine three dimensional (3D) coordinates of an observed object. The previously used physical operation principle of discontinuous scanning method is substituted by continuous method. Thereby applications become possible that were previously limited by this discretization.  The previously used prototype No. 2, which uses stepping motors to realize a discontinuous laser scan, was substituted by the new developed prototype No. 3, which contains servomotors, to achieve a continuous laser scan. The new prototype possesses only half the width and turns out to be significantly smaller and therefore lighter than the old one. Furthermore, no transmissions are used, which reduce the systematic error of laser positioning and increase the system reliability.  By using a continuous laser scan method instead of discontinuous laser scan method, dead zones in the laser scanner field can be eliminated. Thereby, also by changing the physical operation principle, the implementation of applications is allowed, which previously was limited by the fixed step size or by the object distance under observation. By using servomotors instead of stepping motors, also a significant reduced positioning time can be accomplished maintaining the relative positioning error less than 1 per cent.  The originality is based on the substitution of the physical operation principle of discontinuous by continuous laser scan. The previously used stepping motors discretized the laser scanner field and thereby produced dead zones, where 3D coordinates cannot be detected. These stepping motors were substituted by servomotors to revoke these disadvantages and provide a continuous laser scan, where dead zones in the field of view get eliminated and the step response of the laser scanner accelerated.
Performance analysis of interpolation methods for improving sub image content based retrieval
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)

In this paper, the fundamental concepts of interpolation and its applications are discussed. The four interpolation algorithms such as Nearest Neighbor Replacement (NNR) Interpolation, Bi Cubic (BC) Interpolation, Wavelet Transformation based (WT) Interpolation and Edge Sensitive (ES) Interpolation are examined and compared based on quality and accuracy. The performance of the interpolation algorithm was analyzed by means of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and FOM (Figure of Merit)
Project Cost Management with 5D BIM

This paper explores the practical issues and constraints faced by project cost management professionals in the implementation and effective utilization of the various software, technologies and tools that are now available in the rapidly developing Building Information Modeling (BIM) sphere. BIM and its allied digital technologies and tools provide enormous opportunities for project cost management professionals to dramatically improve the quality, speed, accuracy, value and sophistication of their cost management services and therein ensure their future as key players in the BIM world. However, the profession has generally been slow to embrace and evolve with the full potential that these technologies can provide. There is now considerable momentum building as firms realize they have to embrace these technologies and see competitors seizing market advantage through developing expertise in the field. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues faced by firms and to identify successful practices, procedures and strategies that firms are implementing. The research methodology for the paper is based on detailed interviews with Quantity Surveying firms in Australia. The results show that the interviewed firms are spending a lot of time and effort in developing their expertise and that there was a consistent pattern in relation to the main issues and problems and what was needed to be successful. The greatest issues related to the quality/comprehensiveness of the BIM models, difficulties with designers not providing full access to the models and software/standards compatibility issues. Successful strategies were clearly based on strong commitment and leadership from company directors and positive approaches to dealing with the issues and challenges faced. The paper concludes with a range of recommendations and strategies to help address these issues.
Strategic cost management and performance the case of environmental costs

Despite recent developments in the stream of research devoted to strategic cost management (SCM) there are limitations found with this research, notably the overemphasis on one component of SCM (executional cost management) the underemphasis on the other component (structural cost management) the insufficiency of links between those two components, and the absence of evidence supporting their link with performance. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between both components of SCM, and financial performance. Two main research questions are investigated: (i) To what extent do executional and structural cost management influence financial performance? (ii) To what extent does structural cost management mediate the link between executional cost management and financial performance? In order to examine the link between SCM and performance, one specific context is investigated, namely environmental costs. The environmental costs reflect an 'executional' aspect aimed at managing, controlling and optimizing costs for a given environmental strategy, but also a 'structural' aspect based on their influence on the firm's cost structure notably in terms of product design, raw materials used and operational process design. Survey data have been collected on a sample of 319 Canadian manufacturing firms to examine the link between SCM and financial performance.
Development and application of a cost management model for wastewater treatment and reuse processes

The treatment of wastewater and its further reuse is an essential part of an efficient rationalization of water within the field of Environmental Management Initiatives. Opting for the regeneration of this resource will lead to an important increase in water supply. Few studies have specifically calculated the economic costs of wastewater treatment and reuse using cost accounting and management techniques. In this paper, a cost management model is designed and adapted to the wastewater treatment process. The model quantifies, in economic terms, the change of water state from treated to regenerated water, favoring more efficient decision making regarding this resource. A practical application of this model was carried out at the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands Spain) The costs of the resources consumed by the treatment plant were calculated, as well as the costs for the different activities identified in treatment and reuse processes. As a result of our calculation process, it can be noted that the reuse of wastewater is an interesting option in terms of costs compared to other existing sources of water: surface water, underground water or desalination.
Cost Management, Entrepreneurship and Competitiveness of Strategic Priorities for Small and Medium Enterprises

In this paper, we examine the relationship between cost management practices and competitiveness of strategic priorities of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Based on resource based view, we argue that cost management is an important resource to develop competitiveness of strategic priorities. The results show cost management practices are positively associated with SME's competitiveness of strategic priorities. Further analysis demonstrates the relationship between cost management practices and SMEs' competitiveness of strategic priorities is mediated by entrepreneurship capabilities. This study contributes to the understanding of the effect of cost management practices and entrepreneurship on SME's competitiveness of strategic priorities.
Global Professional Standards for Project Cost Management

This paper explores the need for global professional standards in the project cost management field. A range of global standards and guides have been developed for the project management profession as a whole but there have not been any developed specifically for project cost management (other than as a subset of project management standards) It will be argued that project cost management (be it Quantity Surveying, Cost Engineering, Project Controls or cost management carried out by Project Managers) is a specialist technical field that requires its own specific standards. The paper will examine the various national and regional professional standards that have been developed for the Quantity Surveying, Cost Engineering and Project Controls professions by various countries and professional associations around the world. It then examines the issues surrounding the lack of global standards for these professions and explores the benefits of developing over arching strategies to produce global standards/programs. The paper then describes current initiatives to develop these specific global standards. This will include the International Construction Measurement Standard (ICMS) that is in the early stages of development. The research methodology underpinning this study comprises a review of professional standards around the world and interviews with practitioners and members of professional cost management associations within the International Cost Engineering Council (ICEC) The paper concludes with a range of recommendations and strategies to help address these issues.