nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Divisions of Identified Parvalbumin Expressing Basket Cells during Working Memory Guided Decision Making
Venue: Neuron

Parvalbumin expressing basket cells tightly control cortical networks and fire remarkably stereotyped during network oscillations and simple behaviors. How can these cells support multifaceted situations with different behavioral options and complex temporal sequences? We recorded from identified parvalbumin expressing basket cells in prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats performing a multidimensional delayed cue matching to place task, juxtacellularly filled recorded neurons for unequivocal histological identification, and determined their activity during temporally structured task episodes, associative working memory, and stimulus guided choice behavior. We show that parvalbumin expressing basket cells do not fire homogenously, but individual cells were recruited or inhibited during different task episodes. Firing of individual basket cells was correlated with amount of presynaptic VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) expressing GABAergic input. Together with subsets of pyramidal neurons, activity of basket cells differentiated for sequential actions and stimulus guided choice behavior. Thus, interneurons of the same cell type can be recruited into different neuronal ensembles with distinct firing patterns to support multi layered cognitive computations.
Validated Risk Score for Predicting 6 Month Mortality in Infective Endocarditis
Venue: Journal of the American Heart Association

Host factors and complications have been associated with higher mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) We sought to develop and validate a model of clinical characteristics to predict 6 month mortality in IE.  Using a large multinational prospective registry of definite IE (International Collaboration on Endocarditis [ICE] Prospective Cohort Study [PCS] 2000 2006, n=4049) a model to predict 6 month survival was developed by Cox proportional hazards modeling with inverse probability weighting for surgery treatment and was internally validated by the bootstrapping method. This model was externally validated in an independent prospective registry (ICE PLUS, 2008 2012, n=1197) The 6 month mortality was 971 of 4049 (24.0% in the ICE PCS cohort and 342 of 1197 (28.6% in the ICE PLUS cohort. Surgery during the index hospitalization was performed in 48.1% and 54.0% of the cohorts, respectively. In the derivation model, variables related to host factors (age, dialysis) IE characteristics (prosthetic or nosocomial IE, causative organism, left sided valve vegetation) and IE complications (severe heart failure, stroke, paravalvular complication, and persistent bacteremia) were independently associated with 6 month mortality, and surgery was associated with a lower risk of mortality (Harrell's C statistic 0.715) In the validation model, these variables had similar hazard ratios (Harrell's C statistic 0.682) with a similar, independent benefit of surgery (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 0.89) A simplified risk model was developed by weight adjustment of these variables.  Six month mortality after IE is 25% and is predicted by host factors, IE characteristics, and IE complications. Surgery during the index hospitalization is associated with lower mortality but is performed less frequently in the highest risk patients. A simplified risk model may be used to identify specific risk subgroups in IE.
Glucose, Lactate, b Hydroxybutyrate, Acetate, GABA, and Succinate as Substrates for Synthesis of Glutamate and GABA in the Glutamine Glutamate/GABA Cycle.
Venue: Advances in neurobiology

The glutamine glutamate/GABA cycle is an astrocytic neuronal pathway transferring precursors for transmitter glutamate and GABA from astrocytes to neurons. In addition, the cycle carries released transmitter back to astrocytes, where a minor fraction ~25 is degraded (requiring a similar amount of resynthesis) and the remainder returned to the neurons for reuse. The flux in the cycle is intense, amounting to the same value as neuronal glucose utilization rate or 75 80 of total cortical glucose consumption. This glucose:glutamate ratio is reduced when high amounts of b hydroxybutyrate are present, but b hydroxybutyrate can at most replace 60 of glucose during awake brain function. The cycle is initiated by a ketoglutarate production in astrocytes and its conversion via glutamate to glutamine which is released. A crucial reaction in the cycle is metabolism of glutamine after its accumulation in neurons. In glutamatergic neurons all generated glutamate enters the mitochondria and its exit to the cytosol occurs in a process resembling the malate aspartate shuttle and therefore requiring concomitant pyruvate metabolism. In GABAergic neurons one half enters the mitochondria, whereas the other one half is released directly from the cytosol. A revised concept is proposed for the synthesis and metabolism of vesicular and nonvesicular GABA. It includes the well established neuronal GABA reuptake, its metabolism, and use for resynthesis of vesicular GABA. In contrast, mitochondrial glutamate is by transamination to a ketoglutarate and subsequent retransamination to releasable glutamate essential for the transaminations occurring during metabolism of accumulated GABA and subsequent resynthesis of vesicular GABA.
The Glutamine Transporters and Their Role in the Glutamate/GABA Glutamine Cycle.
Venue: Advances in neurobiology

Glutamine is a key amino acid in the CNS, playing an important role in the glutamate/GABA glutamine cycle (GGC) In the GGC, glutamine is transferred from astrocytes to neurons, where it will replenish the inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter pools. Different transporters participate in this neural communication, i.e. the transporters responsible for glutamine efflux from astrocytes and influx into the neurons, such as the members of the SNAT, LAT, y+LAT, and ASC families of transporters. The SNAT family consists of the transporter isoforms SNAT3 and SNAT5 that are related to efflux from the astrocytic compartment, and SNAT1 and SNAT2 that are associated with glutamine uptake into the neuronal compartment. The isoforms SNAT7 and SNAT8 do not have their role completely understood, but they likely also participate in the GGC. The isoforms LAT2 and y+LAT2 facilitate the exchange of neutral amino acids and cationic amino acids (y+LAT2 isoform) and have been associated with glutamine efflux from astrocytes. ASCT2 is a Na+ dependent antiporter, the participation of which in the GGC also remains to be better characterized. All these isoforms are tightly regulated by transcriptional and translational mechanisms, which are induced by several determinants such as amino acid deprivation, hormones, pH, and the activity of different signaling pathways. Dysfunctional glutamine transporter activity has been associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of certain neurologic diseases, such as Hepatic Encephalopathy and Manganism. However, there might also be other neuropathological conditions associated with an altered GGC, in which glutamine transporters are dysfunctional. Hence, it appears to be of critical importance that the physiological and pathological aspects of glutamine transporters are thoroughly investigated.
The Glutamate/GABA Glutamine Cycle
Venue: Advances in Neurobiology

The term 'glutamate glutamine cycle' was coined several decades ago based on the observation that using certain 14 C labeled precursors for studies of brain metabolism the specifi c radioactivity of glutamine generated from glutamate was higher than that of glutamate, its immediate precursor. This is metabolically impossible unless it is assumed that at least two distinct pools of these amino acids exist. This combined with the fi nding that the enzyme synthesizing glutamine from glutamate was expressed in astrocytes but not in neurons formed the basis of the notion that a cycle must exist in which glutamate released from neurons is transported into astrocytes, converted to glutamine which is subsequently returned to neurons and converted to glutamate by an enzyme the activity of which is much higher in neurons than in astrocytes. Originally this cycle was supposed to function in a stoichiometric fashion but more recent research has seriously questioned this. This volume of Advances in Neurobiology is intended to provide a detailed discussion of recent developments in research aimed at delineating the functional roles of the cycle taking into account that in order for this system to work there must be a tight coupling between metabolism of glutamate in astrocytes, transfer of glutamine to neurons and de novo synthesis of glutamine in astrocytes. To understand this, knowledge about the activity and regulation of the enzymes and transporters involved in these processes is required and as can be seen from the table of contents these issues will be dealt with in detail in the individual chapters of the book.
Finger vein biometric identification using convolutional neural network

A novel approach using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for finger vein biometric identification is presented in this paper. Unlike existing biometric techniques such as fingerprint and face, vein patterns are inside the body, making them virtually impossible to replicate. This also makes finger vein biometrics a more secure alternative without being susceptible to forgery, damage, or change with time. In conventional finger vein recognition methods, complex image processing is required to remove noise and extract and enhance the features before the image classification can be performed in order to achieve high performance accuracy. In this regard, a significant advantage of the CNN over conventional approaches is its ability to simultaneously extract features, reduce data dimensionality, and classify in one network structure. In addition, the method requires only minimal image preprocessing since the CNN is robust to noise and small misalignments of the acquired images. In this paper, a reduced complexity four layer CNN with fused convolutional subsampling architecture is proposed for finger vein recognition. For network training, we have modified and applied the stochastic diagonal Levenberg{Marquardt algorithm, which results in a faster convergence time. The proposed CNN is tested on a finger vein database developed in house that contains 50 subjects with 10 samples from each finger. An identification rate of 100.00% is achieved, with an 80/20 percent ratio for separation of training and test samples, respectively. An additional number of subjects have also been tested, in which for 81 subjects an accuracy of 99.38% is achieved.
User Identification System Based On Finger Vein Patterns Using Convolutional Neural Network

Finger vein biometric identification has gained attention recently due to its several advantages over fingerprint biometric traits. Finger vein recognition is a method of biometric authentication that applies pattern recognition techniques based on the image of human finger vein patterns. This paper is focused on developing a MATLAB based finger vein recognition system using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with Graphical User Interface (GUI) as the user input. Two layers of CNN out of the proposed four layer CNN have been used to retrain the network for new incoming subjects. The pre processing steps for finger vein images and CNN design have been conducted pm different platforms. Therefore, this paper discusses the method of linking both parts from different platforms using MEX files in MATLAB. Evaluation is carried out using images of 50 subjects that are developed in house. An accuracy of an average of 96% is obtained to recognize 1 to 10 new subjects within less than 10 seconds.
Evidence Informed Recommendations to Promote Black Student Engagement.

In 2012, Black students dropped out of school at a rate of 7.5% (NCES, 2013a) While this is the second lowest dropout rate for this population in 55 years, Black students are still dropping out at nearly twice the rate (4.3% of their White counterparts. This paper includes a review of literature related to this phenomenon and offers evidence informed recommendations taken from the literature for professional school counselors to utilize to improve academic engagement of Black students. These recommendations include: facilitating difficult dialogues on race, using a Student Success Skills program, and entering into school family community partnerships.
POI Recommendation: A Temporal Matching between POI Popularity and User Regularity
Venue: 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM)

Point of interest (POI) recommendation, which provides personalized recommendation of places to mobile users, is an important task in location based social networks (LBSNs) However, quite different from traditional interest oriented merchandise recommendation, POI recommendation is more complex due to the timing effects: we need to examine whether the POI fits a user's availability. While there are some prior studies which included the temporal effect into POI recommendations, they overlooked the compatibility between time varying popularity of POIs and regular availability of users, which we believe has a non negligible impact on user decision making. To this end, in this paper, we present a novel method which incorporates the degree of temporal matching between users and POIs into personalized POI recommendations. Specifically, we first profile the temporal popularity of POIs to show when a POI is popular for visit by mining the spatio temporal human mobility and POI category data. Secondly, we propose latent user regularities to characterize when a user is regularly available for exploring POIs, which is learned with a user POI temporal matching function. Finally, results of extensive experiments with real world POI check in and human mobility data demonstrate that our proposed user POI temporal matching method delivers substantial advantages over baseline models for POI recommendation tasks.
Provisional pin fixation can maintain reduction in A3 intertrochanteric fractures
Venue: Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery

A3 intertrochanteric fracture has a higher incidence of intraoperative re displacement than A1 and 2. The authors have also experienced difficulty with maintenance of reduction in A3 intertrochanteric fractures, as the technique depends on manual effort and can fail easily during the procedure. It induced us to develop this surgical technique to ease the surgical procedure and improve clinical outcomes. This paper introduces a modified provisional guide pin fixation technique applicable to even AO/OTA A3 intertrochanteric fractures, and presents preliminary results of 11 patients who were treated by provisional pin fixation assisted nailing in A3 intertrochanteric fractures. Using this technique, we have reduced the chances of intraoperative reduction loss and achieved favorable clinical outcomes.
Emotion Prediction from User Generated Videos by Emotion Wheel Guided Deep Learning
Venue: ICONIP

To build a robust system for predicting emotions from user generated videos is a challenging problem due to the diverse contents and the high level abstraction of human emotions. Evidenced by the recent success of deep learning (e.g. Convolutional Neural Networks, CNN) in several visual competitions, CNN is expected to be a possible solution to conquer certain challenges in human cognitive processing, such as emotion prediction. The emotion wheel (a widely used emotion categorization in psychology) may provide a guidance on building basic cognitive structure for CNN feature learning. In this work, we try to predict emotions from user generated videos with the aid of emotion wheel guided CNN feature extractors. Experimental results show that the emotion wheel guided and CNN learned features improved the average emotion prediction accuracy rate to 54.2 which is better than that of the related state of the art approaches.
Influence of foot stretcher height on rowing technique and performance
Venue: Sports biomechanics

Strength, technique, and coordination are crucial to rowing performance, but external interventions such as foot stretcher set up can fine tune technique and optimise power output. For the same resultant force, raising the height of foot stretchers on a rowing ergometer theoretically alters the orientation of the resultant force vector in favour of the horizontal component. This study modified foot stretcher heights and examined their instantaneous effect on foot forces and rowing technique. Ten male participants rowed at four foot stretcher heights on an ergometer that measured handle force, stroke length, and vertical and horizontal foot forces. Rowers were instrumented with motion sensors to measure ankle, knee, hip, and lumbar pelvic kinematics. Key resultant effects of increased foot stretcher heights included progressive reductions in horizontal foot force, stroke length, and pelvis range of motion. Raising foot stretcher height did not increase the horizontal component of foot force as previously speculated. The reduced ability to anteriorly rotate the pelvis at the front of the stroke may be a key obstacle in gaining benefits from raised foot stretcher heights. This study shows that small changes in athlete set up can influence ergometer rowing technique, and rowers must individually fine tune their foot stretcher height to optimise power transfer through the rowing stroke on an ergometer.
China Receives Utzon: The Role of Jorn Utzon's 1958 Study Trip to China in His Architectural Maturity

Both before and after his study trip to China in 1958, Danish architect Jorn Utzon (1918 2008) consistently cited dynastic Chinese architecture as one of his essential design ideals. This article commences with a reconstruction, using archival and anecdotal evidence, of Jorn Utzon's 1958 study trip to China with his close friend, the noted Norwegian architect Geir Grung (1926 89) The investigation seeks to explain both why, as a student, Utzon was so interested in the civilisation of China and how his carefully planned journey yielded Utzon both an intuitive grasp of ideas of Chinese architecture, and, most importantly, a continuing interest in China's traditional systems of building construction. The answers could add to a methodological and theoretical framework for understanding Utzon's work.
Surgical Navigation Technology Based on Augmented Reality and Integrated 3D Intraoperative Imaging
Venue: Spine

A cadaveric laboratory study.  The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement using augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN)  Recent advances in spinal navigation have shown improved accuracy in lumbosacral pedicle screw placement but limited benefits in the thoracic spine. 3D intraoperative imaging and instrument navigation may allow improved accuracy in pedicle screw placement, without the use of x ray fluoroscopy, and thus opens the route to image guided minimally invasive therapy in the thoracic spine.  ARSN encompasses a surgical table, a motorized flat detector C arm with intraoperative 2D/3D capabilities, integrated optical cameras for augmented reality navigation, and noninvasive patient motion tracking. Two neurosurgeons placed 94 pedicle screws in the thoracic spine of four cadavers using ARSN on one side of the spine (47 screws) and free hand technique on the contralateral side. X ray fluoroscopy was not used for either technique. Four independent reviewers assessed the postoperative scans, using the Gertzbein grading. Morphometric measurements of the pedicles axial and sagittal widths and angles, as well as the vertebrae axial and sagittal rotations were performed to identify risk factors for breaches.  ARSN was feasible and superior to free hand technique with respect to overall accuracy (85% vs. 64% P 0.05) specifically significant increases of perfectly placed screws (51% vs. 30% P 0.05) and reductions in breaches beyond 4 mm (2% vs. 25% P 0.05) All morphometric dimensions, except for vertebral body axial rotation, were risk factors for larger breaches when performed with the free hand method.  ARSN without fluoroscopy was feasible and demonstrated higher accuracy than free hand technique for thoracic pedicle screw placement.
Facelift for an Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Patient: A Case Report.
Venue: Aesthetic surgery journal

Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited connective tissue disorders caused by genetic mutations that result in faulty production of collagen.1,2 Multiple body systems can be affected, though the type of EDS depends on which collagen sub type is involved. There are ten subtypes of EDS. Types 1 and 2 are the classical types and cause hypermobility with moderate skin involvement. These types are caused by autosomal dominant type V collagen defects.2 Patients with EDS have fragile skin and tissues that tear easily during operative procedures, which can complicate undermining and suturing strategies. Vessel wall fragility and problems with platelet aggregation can cause excessive bruising and higher risk of hematoma formation in the immediate postoperative period. There can also be increased problems with wound healing, stretched scars, and recurrence of redundant skin folds due to poor collagen synthesis during the proliferative phase after injury.1 Facelift and necklift procedures have previously been deemed to have inappropriately high risks of complications in EDS. We present an interesting case to highlight these principles in a patient whose quality of life was severely affected by her preoperative physiognomy. A 55 year old woman with EDS (type 2, classical) presented in April 2013 with severe skin laxity of her face and neck, requesting rejuvenation surgery to address her premature facial and cervical ageing in order to restore her self esteem. She had experienced extensive postoperative bleeding and bruising previously from surgical procedures undertaken on her wrist and knee joints, and had profound awareness of her condition at her initial consultation with the senior author. At subsequent assessments, spanning over four months, it was mutually agreed that standard face and neck rejuvenation procedures were high risk
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Harun Farocki: media operator

The work of Harun Farocki (1944 2014) gives us a respectable contribution to the method of working with images and words. This paper intended to apprehend and systematize the coherence of his contribution, suggesting three fundamental approaches of this method/style: the horizontal image/word the transverse images of the world and the transindividual operation thus catching sight of the larger perspective of Farocki: operating media as a pharmakon inflection point