nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Placement Optimization of Energy and Information Access Points in Wireless Powered Communication Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications

The applications of wireless power transfer technology to wireless communications can help build a wireless powered communication network (WPCN) with more reliable and sustainable power supply compared to the conventional battery powered network. However, due to the fundamental differences in wireless information and power transmissions, many important aspects of conventional battery powered wireless communication networks need to be redesigned for efficient operations of WPCNs. In this paper, we study the placement optimization of energy and information access points in WPCNs, where the wireless devices (WDs) harvest the radio frequency energy transferred by dedicated energy nodes (ENs) in the downlink, and use the harvested energy to transmit data to information access points (APs) in the uplink. In particular, we are interested in minimizing the network deployment cost with minimum number of ENs and APs by optimizing their locations, while satisfying the energy harvesting and communication performance requirements of the WDs. Specifically, we first study the minimum cost placement problem when the ENs and APs are separately located, where an alternating optimization method is proposed to jointly optimize the locations of ENs and APs. Then, we study the placement optimization when each pair of EN and AP is colocated and integrated as a hybrid access point, and propose an efficient algorithm to solve this problem. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can effectively reduce the network deployment cost and yet guarantee the given performance requirements, which is a key consideration in future applications of WPCNs.
Fog and IoT: An Overview of Research Opportunities
Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Fog is an emergent architecture for computing, storage, control, and networking that distributes these services closer to end users along the cloud to things continuum. It covers both mobile and wireline scenarios, traverses across hardware and software, resides on network edge but also over access networks and among end users, and includes both data plane and control plane. As an architecture, it supports a growing variety of applications, including those in the Internet of Things (IoT) fifth generation (5G) wireless systems, and embedded artificial intelligence (AI) This survey paper summarizes the opportunities and challenges of fog, focusing primarily in the networking context of IoT.
Long range communications in unlicensed bands: the rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios
Venue: IEEE Wireless Communications

Connectivity is probably the most basic building block of the IoT paradigm. Up to now, the two main approaches to provide data access to things have been based on either multihop mesh networks using short range communication technologies in the unlicensed spectrum, or long range legacy cellular technologies, mainly 2G/GSM/GPRS, operating in the corresponding licensed frequency bands. Recently, these reference models have been challenged by a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low rate, long range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub gigahertz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology referred to as low power WANs (LPWANs) In this article, we introduce this new approach to provide connectivity in the IoT scenario, discussing its advantages over the established paradigms in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and architectural design, particularly for typical smart city applications.
Compact GaN MMIC T/R module front end for X band pulsed radar
Venue: 2016 11th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC)

An X band Single Chip monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) has been developed by using a European GaN HEMT technology. The very compact MMIC die occupying only an area of 3.0 mm x 3.0 mm, integrates a high power amplifier (HPA) a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a robust asymmetrical absorptive/reflective SPDT switch. At the antenna RF pad in the frequency range from 8.6 to 11.2 GHz, nearly 8 W of output power and 22 dB of linear gain were measured when operated in transmit mode. When operated in receive mode, a noise figure of 2.5 dB with a gain of 15 dB were measured at the Rx RF pad in the same frequency range.
The 10 Item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale
Venue: Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association

The 10 item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC) has demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties as a measure of resilience in all the previous studies conducted in developed countries.  The objective of this study was to explore the psychometric characteristics of the 10 item CD RISC among students nurses in southwestern Nigeria.  This descriptive cross sectional study involved a total of 449 student nurses who completed the 10 item CD RISC in addition to measures of self esteem, depression, religiosity, and psychological distress.  The scale demonstrated adequate reliability (Cronbach's a .81) and satisfactory validity with significant correlations with the measures of self esteem, depression, religiosity, and psychological distress. Factor analyses revealed that resilience was best explained by a two factor construct.  The scale is a valid measure of resilience among Nigerian student nurses.
A block Chebyshev Davidson method for linear response eigenvalue problems
Venue: Adv. Comput. Math.

We present a Chebyshev Davidson method to compute a few smallest positive eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of linear response eigenvalue problems. The method is applicable to more general linear response eigenvalue problems where some purely imaginary eigenvalues may exist. For the Chebyshev filter, a tight upper bound is obtained by a computable bound estimator that is provably correct under a reasonable condition. When the condition fails, the estimated upper bound may not be a true one. To overcome that, we develop an adaptive strategy for updating the estimated upper bound to guarantee the effectiveness of our new Chebyshev Davidson method. We also obtain an estimate of the rate of convergence for the Ritz values by our algorithm. Finally, we present numerical results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed Chebyshev Davidson method.
Eric Davidson: Steps to a gene regulatory network for development.
Venue: Developmental biology

Eric Harris Davidson was a unique and creative intellectual force who grappled with the diversity of developmental processes used by animal embryos and wrestled them into an intelligible set of principles, then spent his life translating these process elements into molecularly definable terms through the architecture of gene regulatory networks. He took speculative risks in his theoretical writing but ran a highly organized, rigorous experimental program that yielded an unprecedentedly full characterization of a developing organism. His writings created logical order and a framework for mechanism from the complex phenomena at the heart of advanced multicellular organism development. This is a reminiscence of intellectual currents in his work as observed by the author through the last 30 35 years of Davidson's life.
Towards synthetic immune cells for cancer immunotherapy

Most cellular therapies targeting cancer require culture of autologous cells. The dedicated facilities and personnel needed, the variability in quality of the product depending on the condition of the patient and state of disease, hamper widespread use. In an attempt to generate an of the shelf product to target cancer we exploited the ever expanding possibilities to build supramolecular structures offered by chemistry to mimic nature including the construction of artificial immune cells or functions thereof. Effective immunotherapy critically depends on efficient production of antigen specific cytotoxic T cells. Herein lies an opportunity for both chemists and immunologists to design and synthesize so called artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) that can generate in vivo T cell expansion. We have designed a novel synthetic dendritic cell (sDC) that possesses essential features of natural DCs. Our sDC is based on a semi flexible poly(isocyano peptide) polymer and, as proof of principle, carries both anti CD3 antibodies for triggering the T cell receptor/CD3 complex as well as anti CD28 antibodies as a co stimulatory signal. Multiple copies of both antibodies facilitate multivalent binding similar to natural DCs. The high mobility of these polymer bound antibodies, reminiscent of protein motility in a natural plasma membrane, enables receptor rearrangements to occur during T cell activation. We observed effective T cell activation at significantly lower antibody concentrations than freely soluble antibodies. We also demonstrate antigen specific T cell activation when MHC/peptide complexes were bound. These findings demonstrate the potential of multifunctional polymers for mimicking functions of natural DCs or other immune cells, paving the way for their exploitation in immunotherapeutic strategies.  Carl G. Figdor, Subhra Mandal, Roel Hammink, Loek Eggermont, Jorieke Weiden, Dion Voerman, Jurjen Tel, Zaskia H. Eksteen Akeroyd, Kerstin Blank, Alan E. Rowan. Towards synthetic immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Separation and structural characterization of the new synthetic cannabinoid JWH 018 cyclohexyl methyl derivative "NE CHMIMO" using flash chromatography, GC MS, IR and NMR spectroscopy.
Venue: Forensic science international

Synthetic cannabinoids have become an integral part of the drugs of abuse market since many years. The most frequent form of consumption for this class of substances is smoking of herbal mixtures purchased via the Internet. In this article the identification and structure elucidation of a new synthetic cannabinoid, [1 (cyclohexylmethyl) 1H indol 3 yl](naphthalen 1 yl)methanone, is described. The compound was found along with 5F ADB in a 'herbal mixture' called 'Jamaican Gold Extreme' which was sent to our laboratory in the context of a suspected intoxication. For isolation of the substance a flash chromatography separation was applied. Structure elucidation was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS) gas chromatography solid state infrared (GC sIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The new compound can be described as the cyclohexyl methyl derivative of the first generation synthetic cannabinoid JWH 018, and the authors suggest to use "NE CHMIMO" as a semisystematic name.
Solanesol extraction from tobacco leaves by Flash chromatography based on molecularly imprinted polymers.
Venue: Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences

A novel solanesol extraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the Flash chromatography stationary phase was established and evaluated. Spherical MIP particles in a size range of 250 350 mm (d (0.5)=320 mm) for solanesol were synthesized by suspension polymerization, with imprinting factor of 3.9. The MIP particles (5.5 g) were packed in common Teflon column as the stationary phase while the sample solution and elution solvent were confirmed as methanol and methanol/acetic acid solution (80/20, v/v) loading at 4 ml/min and eluting 8 ml/min, respectively. Under the optimal chromatographic conditions, the adsorption capacity of the MIP Flash column was determined as 107.3 mmol/g, and in each process, 370.8 mg purified solanesol (98.4% could be obtained from the extract (20 mM, 40 ml) of tobacco leaves (14.7 g) and the yield of solanesol was 2.5% of the dry weight of tobacco leaves. The results reported here confirm the feasibility to extract highly purified active ingredients directly from natural products on a large scale by MIP Flash chromatography.
Greening Flash Chromatography

Proof of principle is demonstrated for a novel approach for using pressurized liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) as a mobile phase for flash chromatography purification, rather than traditionally used organic solvents. Regulation of a pressurized CO2 supply line rather than specialized and expensive CO2 pumps and chillers typically used in supercritical fluid chromatography applications greatly simplifies operations while reducing costs. Evaluation of a prototype instrument reveals encouraging purification, recovery, and reduction in organic solvent usage.
The weight of flash chromatography: A tool to predict its mass intensity from thin layer chromatography
Venue: Beilstein journal of organic chemistry

Purification by flash chromatography strongly impacts the greenness of a process. Unfortunately, due to the lack of the relevant literature data, very often this impact cannot be assessed thus preventing the comparison of the environmental factors affecting the syntheses. We developed a simple mathematical approach to evaluate the minimum mass intensity of flash chromatography from the retention factor values determined by thin layer chromatography.
Preparative Scale MS Guided Isolation of Bioactive Compounds Using High Resolution Flash Chromatography: Antifungals from Chiloscyphus polyanthos as a Case Study.
Venue: Planta medica

In natural product research, the efficient purification of molecules from large amounts of complex extracts is a key element. In this regard, an integrative strategy for efficient MS guided isolation of antifungal compounds has been developed. First, off line HPLC antifungal activity based profiling and HPLC PDA MS profiling were used to localize the compounds of interest on the analytical scale. Then, the analytical gradient was geometrically transferred to the flash chromatographic level. Finally, an MS triggered isolation of the localized bioactive molecules was realized using high resolution flash chromatographic columns (15 um spherical particles) coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer via a splitter system. This isolation strategy was applied for the MS targeted purification of antifungal principles from the liverwort Chiloscyphus polyanthos. This rational methodology has high potential for the targeted large scale purification of bioactive compounds, avoiding the need to repeat a given bioassay at each isolation step. Seven sesquiterpene lactones were isolated, of which five were found to be bioactive and one was reported as a new compound. The absolute configuration of some compounds was established for the first time by electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy.
The human organic cation transporter OCT1 mediates high affinity uptake of the anticancer drug daunorubicin
Venue: Scientific reports

Anthracyclines such as daunorubicin are anticancer agents that are transported into cells, and exert cytotoxicity by blocking DNA metabolism. Although there is evidence for active uptake of anthracyclines into cells, the specific transporter involved in this process has not been identified. Using the high grade serous ovarian cancer cell line TOV2223G, we show that OCT1 mediated the high affinity (Km 5 mM) uptake of daunorubicin into the cells, and that micromolar amounts of choline completely abolished the drug entry. OCT1 downregulation by shRNA impaired daunorubicin uptake into the TOV2223G cells, and these cells were significantly more resistant to the drug in comparison to the control shRNA. Transfection of HEK293T cells, which accommodated the ectopic expression of OCT1, with a plasmid expressing OCT1 EYFP showed that the transporter was predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. These transfected cells exhibited an increase in the uptake of daunorubicin in comparison to control cells transfected with an empty EYFP vector. Furthermore, a variant of OCT1, OCT1 D474C EYFP, failed to enhance daunorubicin uptake. This is the first report demonstrating that human OCT1 is involved in the high affinity transport of anthracyclines. We postulate that OCT1 defects may contribute to the resistance of cancer cells treated with anthracyclines.
Multi Task Cross Lingual Sequence Tagging from Scratch
Venue: ArXiv

We present a deep hierarchical recurrent neural network for sequence tagging. Given a sequence of words, our model employs deep gated recurrent units on both character and word levels to encode morphology and context information, and applies a conditional random field layer to predict the tags. Our model is task independent, language independent, and feature engineering free. We further extend our model to multi task and cross lingual joint training by sharing the architecture and parameters. Our model achieves state of the art results in multiple languages on several benchmark tasks including POS tagging, chunking, and NER. We also demonstrate that multi task and cross lingual joint training can improve the performance in various cases.
Can having internal locus of control insure against negative shocks? Psychological evidence from panel data.
Venue: Journal of economic behavior organization

We investigate whether the intensity of emotional pain following a negative shock is different across the distribution of a person's locus of control the extent to which individuals believe that their actions can influence future outcomes. Using panel data from Australia, we show that individuals with strong internal locus of control are psychologically insured against own and others' serious illness or injury, close family member detained in jail, becoming a victim of property crime and death of a close friend, but not against the majority of other life events. The buffering effects vary across gender. Our findings thus add to the existing literature on the benefits of internal locus of control.
Counselling implications of teachers' digital competencies in the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in the teaching learning process in Calabar, Nigeria

The study investigated teachers' digital competencies in the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) in the teaching learning process. It had five research questions and two hypotheses. Adopting a survey design, it used a sample of 250 teachers from 10 out of 16 secondary schools in Calabar Municipal Local Government. A researcher developed instrument called Digital Competency Questionnaire (DCQ) was used in data gathering. The DCQ was validated by three experts, and its reliability was established to be 0.86. Findings of the study indicated that the levels of digital competencies of teachers in the use of SNSs and general usage of SNSs by teachers are moderate. It also revealed that the level of application of SNSs in the teaching learning process is low. Results of the study also indicated significant differences in the level of digital competencies in the use of SNSs based on gender; and in the level of application of SNSs in the teaching learning process based on age category of teachers. Recommendations were made to the guidance counsellor to improve these levels and bridge the established gaps based on gender and age category of the teachers.
Human Robot Interaction
Venue: Hum. Factors

The current status of human robot interaction (HRI) is reviewed, and key current research challenges for the human factors community are described.  Robots have evolved from continuous human controlled master slave servomechanisms for handling nuclear waste to a broad range of robots incorporating artificial intelligence for many applications and under human supervisory control.  This mini review describes HRI developments in four application areas and what are the challenges for human factors research.  In addition to a plethora of research papers, evidence of success is manifest in live demonstrations of robot capability under various forms of human control.  HRI is a rapidly evolving field. Specialized robots under human teleoperation have proven successful in hazardous environments and medical application, as have specialized telerobots under human supervisory control for space and repetitive industrial tasks. Research in areas of self driving cars, intimate collaboration with humans in manipulation tasks, human control of humanoid robots for hazardous environments, and social interaction with robots is at initial stages. The efficacy of humanoid general purpose robots has yet to be proven.  HRI is now applied in almost all robot tasks, including manufacturing, space, aviation, undersea, surgery, rehabilitation, agriculture, education, package fetch and delivery, policing, and military operations.
Real Decreto 1105/2014, de 26 de diciembre, por el que se establece el curriculo basico de la Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria y del Bachillerato

La Ley Organica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, para la Mejora de la Calidad Educativa, modifico el articulo 6 de la Ley Organica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educacion, para definir el curriculo como la regulacion de los elementos que determinan los procesos de ensenanza y aprendizaje para cada una de las ensenanzas. El curriculo estara integrado por los objetivos de cada ensenanza y etapa educativa; las competencias, o capacidades para activar y aplicar de forma integrada los contenidos propios de cada ensenanza y etapa educativa, para lograr la realizacion adecuada de actividades y la resolucion eficaz de problemas complejos; los contenidos, o conjuntos de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas y actitudes que contribuyen al logro de los objetivos de cada ensenanza y etapa educativa y a la adquisicion de competencias; la metodologia didactica, que comprende tanto la descripcion de las practicas docentes como la organizacion del trabajo de los docentes; los estandares y resultados de aprendizaje evaluables; y los criterios de evaluacion del grado de adquisicion de las competencias y del logro de los objetivos de cada ensenanza y etapa educativa. Los contenidos se ordenan en asignaturas, que se clasifican en materias, ambitos, areas y modulos en funcion de las ensenanzas, las etapas educativas o los programas en que participe el alumnado. Segun el nuevo articulo 6 bis de la Ley Organica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, corresponde al Gobierno el diseno del curriculo basico, en relacion con los objetivos, competencias, contenidos, estandares y resultados de aprendizaje evaluables y criterios de evaluacion, que garantice el caracter oficial y la validez en todo el territorio nacional de las titulaciones a que se refiere esta ley organica. Uno de los pilares centrales de la reforma educativa operada por la Ley Organica 8/2013, de 9 de diciembre, descansa sobre una nueva configuracion del curriculo de Educacion Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. En el bloque de asignaturas troncales se garantizan los conocimientos y competencias que permitan adquirir una formacion solida y continuar con aprovechamiento las etapas posteriores en aquellas asignaturas que deben ser comunes a todo el alumnado, y que en todo caso deben ser evaluadas en las evaluaciones finales de etapa. El bloque de asignaturas especificas permite una mayor autonomia a la hora de fijar horarios y contenidos de las asignaturas, asi como para conformar su oferta. El bloque de asignaturas de libre configuracion autonomica supone el mayor nivel de autonomia, en el que las Administraciones educativas y en su caso los centros pueden ofrecer asignaturas de diseno propio, entre las que se encuentran las ampliaciones de las materias troncales o especificas. Esta distribucion no obedece a la importancia o caracter LEGISLACION CONSOLIDADA