nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to delays in diagnosis of breast cancers in Ghana, West Africa
Venue: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment

BackgroundLate diagnoses and poor prognoses of breast cancer are common throughout Africa.MethodsTo identify responsible factors, we utilized data from a population based case control study involving 1184 women with breast malignancies conducted in three hospitals in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Interviews focused on potential breast cancer risk factors as well as factors that might contribute to presentation delays. We calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing malignances with biopsy masses larger than 5 cm. (62.4% of the 1027 cases with measurable lesions) to smaller lesions.ResultsIn multivariate analyses, strong predictors of larger masses were limited education (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.32 2.90 <primary vs. =senior secondary school) being separated/divorced or widowed (1.75, 1.18 2.60 and 2.25, 1.43 3.55, respectively, vs. currently married) delay in care seeking after onset of symptoms (2.64, 1.77 3.95 for =12 vs. =2 months) care having initially been sought from someone other than a doctor/nurse (1.86, 0.85 4.09) and frequent use of herbal medications/treatment (1.51, 0.95 2.43 for =3x/day usage vs. none) Particularly high risks associated with these factors were found among less educated women; for example, women with less than junior secondary schooling who delayed seeking care for breast symptoms for 6 months or longer were at nearly 4 times the risk of more educated women who promptly sought assistance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that additional communication, particularly among less educated women, could promote earlier breast cancer diagnoses. Involvement of individuals other than medical practitioners, including traditional healers, may be helpful in this process.
First Order Polynomial Heisenberg Algebras and Coherent States

The polynomial Heisenberg algebras (PHA) are deformations of the Heisenberg Weyl algebra characterizing the underlying symmetry of the supersymmetric partners of the Harmonic oscillator. When looking for the simplest system ruled by PHA, however, we end up with the harmonic oscillator. In this paper we are going to realize the first order PHA through the harmonic oscillator. The associated coherent states will be also constructed, which turn out to be the well known even and odd coherent states.
A sequential Monte Carlo approach to Thompson sampling for Bayesian optimization

Bayesian optimization through Gaussian process regression is an effective method of optimizing an unknown function for which every measurement is expensive. It approximates the objective function and then recommends a new measurement point to try out. This recommendation is usually selected by optimizing a given acquisition function. After a sufficient number of measurements, a recommendation about the maximum is made. However, a key realization is that the maximum of a Gaussian process is not a deterministic point, but a random variable with a distribution of its own. This distribution cannot be calculated analytically. Our main contribution is a sequential Monte Carlo approach towards approximating this maximum distribution. Subsequently, by taking samples from this distribution, we enable Thompson sampling to be applied to (armed bandit) optimization problems with a continuous input space. All this is done without requiring the optimization of a nonlinear acquisition function. Experiments have shown that the resulting optimization method has a competitive performance at keeping the cumulative regret limited.
Filiations and History of Digital Literature in France

In this paper, I first retrace the filiations and the history of digital literature in France, emphasizing the various literary and aesthetic tendencies and the corresponding structures (groups, reviews) Then I focus on French digital literature communities. I notably give an account of a study that I did in 2004 2007 for the Centre Pompidou in Paris: I analyzed a socio technical device (discussion list and website) called e critures, dedicated to digital literature, with the hypothesis of the co construction of a socio technical device, a field and a community. I conclude on the possible characteristics of digital literature in France.
SU F T 495: Method for Simultaneous Commissioning of Multiple Truebeam (TB) Linacs: Small Field Data and the Choice of Dosimetric Lead Gap (DLG)
Venue: Medical physics

Many times a set of multiple Varian Truebeam (TB) linacs are acquired by an institution. Since "beam matching" is an important requirement for many facilities, we developed a strategy to perform a "simultaneous" commissioning between multiple linacs.  We first commissioned the required photon beam data for eclipse on the 1st TB for all the energy modalities with a beam scanning system, while integrated measurements for output factors, of all field sizes (from 1x1 to 40x40cm2 were conducted on the 2nd TB. Care was exercised during small field dosimetry so the appropriate detectors were used with data taken between two detectors be "linked" to a larger field size (4x4cm2 with the "daisy chaining" technique via: OF=[M PTW(fs)x(M PTW(4x4) 1]x[MA12s(4x4)x(M A12S(10x10) 1] For all energy modalities, data that span the entire range of field size, was repeated on the next TB linac, for verification. The primarily energy dependent dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) which was measured separately on each TB. The modeled data was validated with special measurements conducted on both linacs during commissioning.  Our data agreed with the "TB representative beam data" to within 0.5% for all energy modalities and field sizes =3x3cm2. Sample depth doses and cross profiles of a 3x3cm2 between the linacs agreeing to within 1% between linacs. The measured DLGs were quite different with a uniform difference of 1.3% between the two linacs. The measured DLG values are independent of the average dose rate and medium used for the measurements.  A comprehensive method of commissioning identical Varian TB linacs, outlining the critical issues, especially small field dosimetry and DLG. The dosimetric effect of different DLG values, when it comes to, dynamic delivery and data comparisons will be presented. The dependence of DLG value on the measurement medium (in air vs. water) or dose rate used will also be discussed. This work was supported by CAMC Cancer Center and Alliance Oncology.
Electronic hardware design of electrical capacitance tomography systems
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Electrical tomography techniques for process imaging are very prominent for industrial applications, such as the oil and gas industry and chemical refineries, owing to their ability to provide the flow regime of a flowing fluid within a relatively high throughput. Among the various techniques, electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is gaining popularity due to its non invasive nature and its capability to differentiate between different phases based on their permittivity distribution. In recent years, several hardware designs have been provided for ECT systems that have improved its resolution of measurements to be around attofarads (aF, 10 18 F) or the number of channels, that is required to be large for some applications that require a significant amount of data. In terms of image acquisition time, some recent systems could achieve a throughput of a few hundred frames per second, while data processing time could be achieved in only a few milliseconds per frame. This paper outlines the concept and main features of the most recent front end and back end electronic circuits dedicated for ECT systems. In this paper, multiple excitation capacitance polling, a front end electronic technique, shows promising results for ECT systems to acquire fast data acquisition speeds. A highly parallel field programmable gate array (FPGA) based architecture for a fast reconstruction algorithm is also described. This article is part of the themed issue 'Supersensing through industrial process tomography'
A digital signal processing algorithm on read out circuit for electrical capacitance tomography
Venue: 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)

The research relates to tomography technique based on electrical mass properties measurement. This study proposed electronic design of read out circuit (ROC) for signal processing in electrical capacitance tomography. The method is to capture the excitation and detection signal simultaneously using high speed analog to digital converter (ADC) then save its reading to first in first out (FIFO) memory. From the two signals, magnitude and phase can be determined. Therefore, calculation of capacitance and conductivity of object inside sensor is done using math equation.
A high performance, multi frequency micro controlled Electrical Impedance Mammography (EIM) excitation and phantom validation system

The research concentrates on the design, development and calibration of a high performance Electrical Impedance Mammography (EIM) system for early detection of breast cancer at the macro and micro scale (at an early stage applicable for different breast sizes and shapes) The enhancement of the Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) system focuses on developing electrical and electronic instrumentations and improving the current source topologies to make them operate at multiple frequencies for the purpose of measuring permittivity and conductivity of different breast tissues. The calibration, assessment systems have employed current calibration in the EIT to evaluate the impedance distribution. This facilitates the acquisition of accurate impedance images to enable images of the internal structure of the breast to be constructed. A constraint on EIT systems is that the current injection system suffers from the effects of stray capacitance having a major impact on the hardware subsystem as the EIT is an ill posed inverse problem which depends on the noise level in EIT measured data and regularization parameter in the reconstruction algorithm. This research aims are to prevent this problem by using a capacitance cancellation method based on a General Impedance Converter (GIC) implemented by operation of a second generation of current conveyor called OCCII GIC and calibration methods to facilitate operation in the high frequency range. An EIT system based on a planar 85 electrode channel and using a Microcontroller unit (MCU) for addressing control between 85 electrodes and implementing calibration methods has been constructed. In EIT systems, assessment, validation of the performance and calibration of systematic errors in the electrical field generated inside of the interrogated volume is important. Evaluation of the EIT system will be assessed using a realistic electronic phantom (E phantom) This enables the evaluation of the different conductivity values of the tissue, which has been created and evaluated based on the RSC circuit model for the different electrical conductivities and electrical impedivities in breast tissue.
Spatio temporal approach to moving window block kriging of satellite data v1.0

Numerous existing satellites observe physical or environmental properties of the Earth system. Many of these satellites provide global scale observations, but these observations are often sparse and noisy. By contrast, contiguous, global maps are often most useful to the scientific community (i.e. Level 3 products) We develop a spatio temporal moving window block kriging method to create contiguous maps from sparse and/or noisy satellite observations. This approach exhibits several advantages over existing methods: (1) it allows for flexibility in setting the spatial resolution of the Level 3 map, (2) it is applicable to observations with variable density, (3) it produces a rigorous uncertainty estimate, (4) it exploits both spatial and temporal correlations in the data, and (5) it facilitates estimation in real time. Moreover, this approach only requires the assumption that the observable quantity exhibits spatial and temporal correlations that are inferable from the data. We test this method by creating Level 3 products from satellite observations of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) CH4 (XCH4) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME 2) We evaluate and analyze the difference in performance of spatio temporal vs. recently developed spatial kriging methods.
Spatio temporal approach to moving window block kriging of satellite data v 1 0

Numerous existing satellites observe physical or environmental properties of the Earth system. Many of these satellites provide global scale observations, but these observations are often sparse and noisy. By contrast, contiguous, global maps are often most useful to the scientific community (i.e. Level 3 products) We develop a spatio temporal moving window block kriging method to create contiguous maps from sparse and/or noisy satellite observations. This approach exhibits several advantages over existing methods: (1) it allows for flexibility in setting the spatial resolution of the Level 3 map, (2) it is applicable to observations with variable density, (3) it produces a rigorous uncertainty estimate, (4) it exploits both spatial and temporal correlations in the data, and (5) it facilitates estimation in real time. Moreover, this approach only requires the assumption that the observable quantity exhibits spatial and temporal correlations that are inferable from the data. We test this method by creating Level 3 products from satellite observations of CO2 (XCO2) from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) CH4 (XCH4) from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment2 (GOME 2) We evaluate and analyze the difference in performance of spatio temporal vs. recently developed spatial kriging methods.
Anti TIF1 &ggr; antibody and cancer associated myositis: A clinicohistopathologic study
Venue: Neurology

We aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathologic features of cancer associated myositis (CAM) in relation to anti transcriptional intermediary factor 1 &ggr; antibody (anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab) a marker of cancer association. We retrospectively studied 349 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) including 284 patients with pretreatment biopsy samples available. For the classification of IIMs, the European Neuromuscular Center criteria were applied. Patients with CAM with (anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab[ CAM) and without anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab (anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab[ CAM) were compared with patients with IIM without cancers within and beyond 3 years of myositis diagnosis. Cancer was detected in 75 patients, of whom 36 (48% were positive for anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab. In anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( patients with CAM, cancers were detected within 1 year of myositis diagnosis in 35 (97% and before 1 year of myositis diagnosis in 1. All the anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( patients with CAM satisfied the dermatomyositis (DM) criteria, including 2 possible DM sine dermatitis cases, and were characterized histologically by the presence of perifascicular atrophy, vacuolated fibers (VFs) and dense C5b 9 deposits on capillaries (dC5b 9) In contrast, 39 anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( patients with CAM were classified into various subgroups, and characterized by a higher frequency of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) Notably, all 7 patients with CAM classified into the NAM subgroup were anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( and exhibited no dC5b 9 or VFs. CAM includes clinicohistopathologically heterogeneous disease entities. Among CAM entities, anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( CAM has characteristically shown a close temporal association with cancer detection and the histopathologic findings of dC5b 9 and VFs, and CAM with NAM is a subset of anti TIF1 &ggr; Ab( CAM.
Anti TIF1 g positive young adult dermatomyositis with germ cell tumour
Venue: European Journal of Dermatology

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation in multiple organ systems, most commonly the skin and muscle. Many patients with DM have circulating autoantibodies, which are often associated with distinct clinical phenotypes  Antibodies against transcriptional intermediary factor (TIF) 1 g are associated with malignancy in adult DM [1, 2] but are rarely found in young adults. Here, we describe a young adult with dermatomyositis who had anti TIF1 g antibodies
Mining subcascade features for cascade outbreak prediction in big networks
Venue: 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

An information cascade occurs when a person observes the actions of others and then engages in the same acts. Cascades may break out if a large population of nodes in the network get affected. The outbreaks of cascades will often bring influential events, which leads to an open research problem: how to accurately predict the cascading outbreaks in social networks? Although there have been some existing works on cascading outbreak prediction, they ignore the structure information of cascades. In this paper, we propose to use subcascades as features for cascade outbreak prediction. We use frequent sequential pattern mining to extract subcascades and then propose a max margin based classifier to select at most B features for prediction. The proposed model is empirically evaluated on both synthetic and real world networks. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Interval of Routine Maintenance and Maintenance Performance: A Literature Review

In high rise residential buildings, the quality of facilities management services is significant to the normal operation of the facilities. Unfortunately, lack of concern towards building maintenance, especially preventive maintenance, happens in domestic housing industry in Malaysia. Majority of the maintenance operations of condominiums suffer from lack of planning, lack of proactive maintenance plan, and lack of proper implementation. Thus, this paper reviews the implementation of preventive maintenance strategy, routine maintenance in specific. An extensive review of literature published in 1987 to 2014 is performed for the purpose of this research. The publications are sourced from journal articles, conference proceedings and books. The literature analysis confirms that the routine maintenance of facilities and building services is vital and it can be influential towards the maintenance performance. Subsequently, a theoretical framework is developed, which shows the relationship between routine maintenance of building facilities services and maintenance performance. The building facilities services are divided into two categories. They are essential facilities services that ensure the safety, health, habitability, and operability of buildings; while value added facilities services deal with property value, return on investment, and quality living of buildings. Based on the findings, a future research is proposed, which aims to identify the appropriate routine of maintenance for the facilities and services in high rise residential buildings to improve the maintenance performance.
Operations and Maintenance Cost for Stratified Buildings: A Critical Review

Building maintenance is essential in preserving buildings' appearance and performance. It needs to upkeep the building performance to prolong its value and building life cycle. Malaysia is still lacking in managing cost for building operation and maintenance. It has been found that the cost for housing maintenance is high due to poor maintenance practices. In order to get better understanding on how to manage the cost, this study reviews the contributing factors that affecting operation and maintenance cost of stratified buildings in Malaysia. The research first identified the factors through extensive literature review and scrutinize on factors that affecting and can minimize operation and maintenance cost. This literature review offers insight into building maintenance scenario in Malaysia focusing on the issues and challenges. The study also finds that operation and maintenance cost for housing in Malaysia is still in poor state. Interestingly, this paper revealed that operation and maintenance cost is also influenced by three significant factors like expectation of tenants, building characteristics and building defects. Measures to reduce the housing operation and maintenance cost are also highlighted so that this study can be a stepping stone towards proposing efficient and effective facilities management strategies for affordable housing in future.
Corporate environmental responsibility (CER) weakness, media coverage, and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from China

This study investigates the hidden connection between corporate philanthropy and corporate environmental responsibility (CER) weakness. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms in polluting industries and hand collected data on corporate environmental performance and corporate philanthropy, we show that CER weakness is significantly positively associated with corporate philanthropy, suggesting that corporate philanthropy may be used by environmentally unfriendly firms to mitigate the negative influence of CER weakness and offset pressures from stakeholders. This finding also implies that Chinese enterprises in polluting industries are inclined to engage in greenwashing via the conduit of corporate philanthropy. In addition, media coverage reinforces the positive association between CER weakness and corporate philanthropy. Above results are still valid after controlling for the potential endogeneity between CER weakness and corporate philanthropy.
Strategic Philanthropy

Because it promises to benefit business and society simultaneously, strategic philanthropy might be characterized as a "happy marriage" of corporate social responsibility behavior and corporate financial performance. However, as evidence so far has been mostly anecdotal, it is important to understand to what extent empirics support the actual practice as well as value of a strategic approach, which creates both business and social impacts through corporate philanthropic activities. Utilizing data from the years 2006 to 2009 for a sample of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI World) which monitors the world's most sustainable companies, the authors test a model of strategic philanthropy in which the dependent variable is evidence that a firm does or does not measure business and social impacts simultaneously. From the DJSI data, the authors find a proposed measure of overall corporate social performance (CSP) to be the most important explanatory factor for engagement in strategic philanthropy. Moreover, this measure of CSP has a mediating effect on the relations between certain independent variables and strategic philanthropy. Other important findings provide support for the influence of the institutional factors industry and region on the likelihood that companies are practicing strategic philanthropy, but little effect of the business characteristics company size and profitability on that likelihood.
Foundations For Social Change Critical Perspectives On Philanthropy And Popular Movements

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