nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
PSO based fast K means algorithm for feature selection from high dimensional medical data set
Venue: 2016 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)

Features are the most important entity in any data mining and machine learning applications. They are the backbone of any model. Reliability, efficiency and accuracy of the model depends upon the choice of strong and relevant features. However, feature selection is always a time consuming and challenging task. In this paper, we have proposed an approach where we combine a clustering technique and a stochastic technique to select effective features from the high dimensional breast cancer data set in quick time. In order to select strong and relevant features, we have used an improved version of K means algorithm called fast K means algorithm, which is much faster and more accurate than a general means algorithm. The fast K means algorithm is embedded in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to produce better results. The results were validated using various classification techniques and were evaluated on various performance evaluation measures. The results obtained were found to be highly supportive in nature. The feature subset generated using PSO based fast K means algorithm on KDDcup 2008 data set produced an accuracy of 99.39% and its time complexity was found to be O(log(k)
Measuring online dialogic conversations' quality: a scale development

The purpose of this paper is to develop a measurement scale for assessing the quality of dialogic conversations among companies and digital publics in social media. Dialogic conversations are defined as sequences of communicative actions and counteractions taken by social actors for different purposes based on specific linguistic choices and characterised by diverse communicative approaches and the role played by the involved parties.  A multidimensional scale for measuring dialogic conversations is developed from relevant literature concerning dialogue and public engagement in the fields of corporate communication, public relations, management studies and conversation analysis. The scale is built on three main dimensions: organisation turn taking, sequencing of conversation, repair strategies and procedures. A pilot study was conducted to purify it from irrelevant variables.  Results of the pilot study show a general good level of reliability for the majority of the proposed variables for Facebook but not for Twitter. This may indicate that Facebook is a more dialogical forum than Twitter.  This is the first study proposing a systematic measurement of the dialogue orientation of online conversations that takes into consideration the role of language and communicative actions. The proposed measurement offers corporate communication managers a concrete tool for evaluating the quality of their online communications and for identifying those areas of their online communication that need improvement.
On demand generation and removal of alginate biocompatible microvalves for flow control in microfluidics

This paper describes, for the first time, the use of alginate hydrogels as miniaturised microvalves within microfluidic devices. These biocompatible and biodegradable microvalves are generated in situ and on demand, allowing for microfluidic flow control. The microfluidic devices were fabricated using an origami inspired technique of folding several layers of cyclic olefin polymer followed by thermocompression bonding. The hydrogels can be dehydrated at mild temperatures, 37 degC, to slightly open the microvalve and chemically erased using an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) solution, to completely open the channel, ensuring the reusability of the whole device and removal of damaged or defective valves for subsequent regeneration.
Tempo and mode of genome evolution in a 50,000 generation experiment
Venue: Nature

Adaptation by natural selection depends on the rates, effects and interactions of many mutations, making it difficult to determine what proportion of mutations in an evolving lineage are beneficial. Here we analysed 264 complete genomes from 12 Escherichia coli populations to characterize their dynamics over 50,000 generations. The populations that retained the ancestral mutation rate support a model in which most fixed mutations are beneficial, the fraction of beneficial mutations declines as fitness rises, and neutral mutations accumulate at a constant rate. We also compared these populations to mutation accumulation lines evolved under a bottlenecking regime that minimizes selection. Nonsynonymous mutations, intergenic mutations, insertions and deletions are overrepresented in the long term populations, further supporting the inference that most mutations that reached high frequency were favoured by selection. These results illuminate the shifting balance of forces that govern genome evolution in populations adapting to a new environment.
A Total Organic Aqueous Redox Flow Battery Employing a Low Cost and Sustainable Methyl Viologen Anolyte and 4 HO TEMPO Catholyte

Increasing worldwide energy demands and rising CO2 emissions have motivated a search for new technologies to take advantage of renewables such as solar and wind energies. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) with their high power density, high energy efficiency, scalability (up to MW and MWh) and safety features are one suitable option for integrating such energy sources and overcoming their intermittency. However, resource limitation and high system costs of current RFB technologies impede wide implementation. Here, a total organic aqueous redox flow battery (OARFB) is reported, using low cost and sustainable methyl viologen (MV, anolyte) and 4 hydroxy 2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidin 1 oxyl (4 HO TEMPO, catholyte) and benign NaCl supporting electrolyte. The electrochemical properties of the organic redox active materials are studied using cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. The MV/4 HO TEMPO ARFB has an exceptionally high cell voltage, 1.25 V. Prototypes of the organic ARFB can be operated at high current densities ranging from 20 to 100 mA cm2, and deliver stable capacity for 100 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. The MV/4 HO TEMPO ARFB displays attractive technical merits and thus represents a major advance in ARFBs.
Efficient protein immobilization on polyethersolfone electrospun nanofibrous membrane via covalent binding for biosensing applications.
Venue: Materials science engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

In this paper we introduce novel strategy for antibody immobilization using high surface area electrospun nanofibrous membrane based on ethyl 3 (3 dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling chemistry. To present the high performance of proposed biosensors, anti staphylococcus enterotoxin B (anti SEB) was used as a model to demonstrate the utility of our proposed system. Polymer solution of polyethersolfone was used to fabricate fine nanofibrous membrane. Moreover, industrial polyvinylidene fluoride membrane and conventional microtiter plate were also used to compare the efficiency of antibody immobilization. Scanning electron microscopy images were taken to study the morphology of the membranes. The surface activation of nanofibrous membrane was done with the help of O2 plasma. PES nanofibrous membrane with carboxyl functional groups for covalent attachment of antibodies were treated by EDC/NHS coupling agent. The quantity of antibody immobilization was measured by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to confirm the covalent immobilization of antibody on membrane. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and invert fluorescence microscopy were used to analyze the antibody distribution pattern on solid surfaces. Results show that oxygen plasma treatment effectively increased the amount of antibody immobilization through EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. It was found that the use of nanofibrous membrane causes the improved detection signal of ELISA based biosensors in comparison to the standard assay carried out in the 96 well microtiter plate. This method has the potential to improve the ELISA based biosensor and we believe that this technique can be used in various biosensing methods.
The contemporary relevance of a Cambridge tradition: economics as political economy, political economy as social theory and ethical theory

In this review essay I set out key aspects of Nuno Martins' The Cambridge Revival of Political Economy. In so doing I also provide some comments on the current state of economics, since these provide some context for an appreciation of what Martins is trying to achieve. Martins is focused on making the positive case for classical political economy (CPE) as a form of theory that is quite different from the modern mainstream. For Martins that difference is based on its approach to the distribution of a surplus expressed through a social ontology that is based on historical open systems and in which the key aspect of open systems is the institutional and hence deliberative activity by which the surplus is decided, which is ultimately an issue for ethics. It is through a 'Cambridge tradition' focusing on Sraffa, Keynes, Lawson and Sen, that CPE, a classical social theory and ethical deliberation are brought together. Bringing them together is an act of synthesis and I conclude by providing a constructive critique of the terms of this synthesis.
Structural Relations among SNS Attributes, User Satisfaction, SNS Trust and Purchase Intention in Online Shopping Utilizing an Extended Technology Acceptance Model

SNS marketing capitalizes on low co st, high return that is the characteristi c of internet based marketing. This st udy examines the relationships amon g representative SNS attributes, trust of SNS, and user satisfaction and ai ms to verify these variables' impact on purchase intention. In particular, the study incorporates the extended technology acceptance model to emp loy variables of ease of use and usef ulness, and verifies the impact of SN S attributes on trust, satisfaction, and purchase intention. The study used a total of 202 respondents and AMOS ver 20.0 statistical package for data analysis. The results are as follow; Fi rst, SNS usefulness influences SNS trust and purchase intention. Second, usefulness and playfulness both influ ence on user satisfaction. Third, SNS trust and user satisfaction both influe nce on purchase intention. The result provide new implications on the effec ts of SNS attributes for research in the field of online shopping mall.
The Effectiveness of the Entrepreneurship Education Program in Upgrading Entrepreneurial Skills among Public University Students

Entrepreneurship education programmes create high job satisfaction and enhance life status. Higher levels of entrepreneurship education achievement lead to higher earnings and reduce the level of unemployment. Of late, many universities around the world are in the process of strengthening their entrepreneurship education programmes in order to create more young entrepreneurs in the future. This kind of education programme is always being reviewed to ensure the structure of the programme will fit in with the challenges of the world outside. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programmes on Malaysian university students. This study used the survey technique to evaluate the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship education programme in a Malaysian public university, specifically at Universiti Utara Malaysia. The result shows that the entrepreneurship programme which is offered by Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) is very effective in enhancing the entrepreneurial skills of the students. The findings suggest a strong relationship between the business plan, risk thinking and also self efficacy and effectiveness of the programme, while a moderate relationship is observed in need for achievement and locus control. Thus, this study has suggested that the entrepreneurial skills and activities can be spurred through entrepreneurship education and training in a public university. The research findings will be highly significant to the Ministry of Education in terms of strengthening the entrepreneurship culture among the youth. Building the interest of our young generation is a challenge the government will face. Finally, the findings of this study will guide policy makers on how to take appropriate measures regarding current trends of entrepreneurship education programmes in public universities in Malaysia.
Efficient identity based signature over NTRU lattice
Venue: Frontiers of Information Technology Electronic Engineering

Identity based signature has become an important technique for lightweight authentication as soon as it was proposed in 1984. Thereafter, identity based signature schemes based on the integer factorization problem and discrete logarithm problem were proposed one after another. Nevertheless, the rapid development of quantum computers makes them insecure. Recently, many efforts have been made to construct identity based signatures over lattice assumptions against attacks in the quantum era. However, their efficiency is not very satisfactory. In this study, an efficient identity based signature scheme is presented over the number theory research unit (NTRU) lattice assumption. The new scheme is more efficient than other lattice and identity based signature schemes. The new scheme proves to be unforgeable against the adaptively chosen message attack in the random oracle model under the hardness of the g shortest vector problem on the NTRU lattice.
Precision timing calorimeter for high energy physics

Scintillator based calorimeter technology is studied with the aim to achieve particle detection with a time resolution on the order of a few 10 ps for photons and electrons at energies of a few GeV and above. We present results from a prototype of a 1.4x1.4x11.4 cm 3 sampling calorimeter cell consisting of tungsten absorber plates and Cerium doped Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate (LYSO) crystal scintillator plates. The LYSO plates are read out with wave lengths shifting fibers which are optically coupled to fast photo detectors on both ends of the fibers. The measurements with electrons were performed at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) and the CERN SPS H2 test beam. In addition to the baseline setup plastic scintillation counter and a MCP PMT were used as trigger and as a reference for a time of flight measurement (TOF) We also present measurements with a fast laser to further characterize the response of the prototype and the photo sensors. All data were recorded using a DRS4 fast sampling digitizer. These measurements are part of an R&D program whose aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of building a large scale electromagnetic calorimeter with a time resolution on the order of 10 ps, to be used in high energy physics experiments.
African American and White women's perceptions of weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy.
Venue: Midwifery

To describe African American and White women's perceptions of weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy and to explore differences in perceptions by race.  Qualitative interview study.  Two Ob/Gyn clinics in South Carolina, USA.  Thirty pregnant women (15 African American, 15 White) between 20 and 30 weeks gestation, equally represented across pre pregnancy BMI categories (10 normal weight, 10 overweight, and 10 obese) FINDINGS White women more frequently described intentions to meet weight gain, physical activity, and dietary guidelines in pregnancy than African American women. African American women were more concerned with inadequate weight gain while White women more commonly expressed concerns about excessive weight gain. More White women discussed the importance of physical activity for weight management. Regardless of race, few women described risks of excessive weight gain or benefits of physical activity as it relates to the baby's health. The primary cited barrier of healthy eating was the high cost of fresh produce.  Several knowledge gaps as well as race differences were identified in women's perceptions and intentions toward weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy. Future interventions should seek to educate women about common misperceptions. It may be necessary to culturally tailor gestational weight gain interventions to optimise health outcomes.
Provider Advice and Women's Intentions to Meet Weight Gain, Physical Activity, and Nutrition Guidelines During Pregnancy
Venue: Maternal and Child Health Journal

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and accuracy of patient reported provider advice on weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during prenatal visits and to examine the associations of provider advice with women's behavioral intentions toward weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition.MethodsA mixed methods study design was used to assess patient report of provider advice and health intentions in women between 20 and 30 weeks gestation (n 188) Bivariate analyses examined patient reported provider advice on weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition with women's behavioral intentions. Linear and logistic regression models examined associations of provider weight gain recommendations with women's intended weight gain.ResultsApproximately 52 of women reported provider advice on weight gain, 63 on physical activity, and 56 on nutrition. Of those who reported weight gain advice, 79 cited provider recommendations within the Institute of Medicine guidelines, 9 below, and 11 above. Patient report of provider advice on physical activity and nutrition were consistent with guidelines, but limited in scope. Provider advice (yes/no) was significantly associated with women's intentions to meet physical activity (p 0.01) and nutrition (p 0.02) but not weight gain guidelines (p 0.86) Provider recommended weight gain (pounds) was significantly associated with women's intended weight gain in linear and logistic regression models.Conclusions for PracticeA large percentage of women report receiving no advice from providers on weight gain, physical activity or nutrition during pregnancy. Of those who receive advice, most report recommendations consistent with current guidelines. Provider advice was associated with women's weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition intentions in pregnancy.
Exploring Australian women's level of nutrition knowledge during pregnancy: a cross sectional study
Venue: International journal of women's health

The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) for pregnancy provides a number of food and nutrition related recommendations to assist pregnant women in optimizing their dietary behavior. However, there are limited data demonstrating pregnant women's knowledge of the AGHE recommendations. This study investigated Australian pregnant women's knowledge of the AGHE and related dietary recommendations for maintaining a healthy pregnancy. The variations in nutrition knowledge were compared with demographic characteristics.  A cross sectional study assessed eight different nutrition knowledge domains and the demographic characteristics of pregnant women. Four hundred women across Australia completed a multidimensional online survey based on validated and existing measures.  More than half of the pregnant women surveyed (65% were not familiar with the AGHE recommendations. The basic recommendations to eat more fruit, vegetables, bread, and cereals but less meat were poorly understood. An in depth investigation of knowledge of nutrition information revealed misconceptions in a range of areas, including standard serving size, nutrients content of certain foods, energy density of fat, and the importance of key nutrients in pregnancy. Univariate analysis revealed significant demographic variation in nutrition knowledge scores. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the significant independent effects on respondents' nutrition knowledge score (P<0.000) of the education level, income, age, stage of pregnancy, language, and having a health/nutrition qualification. The model indicated that independent variables explained 33% (adjusted R2) of the variance found between respondents' knowledge scores.  Australian pregnant women's knowledge regarding AGHE for pregnancy and other key dietary recommendations is poor and varies significantly with their demographic profile. The setting of dietary guidelines is not sufficient to ensure improvement in their nutrition knowledge. It is essential that women receive support to achieve optimal and healthy diets during pregnancy.
Fundamentals Of Photonics

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A Code of Ethics for Corporate Code of Ethics

Are corporate codes of ethics neces sarily ethical? To challenge this notion, an initial set of universal moral standards is proposed by which all corporate codes of ethics can be ethically evaluated. The set of universal moral standards includes: (1) trustworthiness; (2) respect; (3) responsibility; (4) fairness; (5) caring; and (6) citizenship. By applying the six moral standards to four different stages of code development (i.e. content, creation, implementation, administration) a code of ethics for corporate codes of ethics is constructed by which companies can be ethically audited for compliance. The newly proposed code of ethics for corporate codes of ethics was then applied to four large Canadian companies representing a variety of industries: telecommunications; banking, manufacturing, and high technology. The ethical audit of the four companies' ethics programs based on the proposed code indicates that all four companies have room to improve the ethical nature of their codes of ethics (i.e. content, creation, implementation, administration)
Code of Ethics: A Stratified Vehicle for Compliance

Ethical codes have been hailed as an explicit vehicle for achieving more sustainable and defensible organizational practice. Nonetheless, when legal compliance and corporate governance codes are conflated, codes can be used to define organizational interests ostentatiously by stipulating norms for employee ethics. Such codes have a largely cosmetic and insurance function, acting subtly and strategically to control organizational risk management and protection. In this paper, we conduct a genealogical discourse analysis of a representative code of ethics from an international corporation to understand how management frames expectations of compliance. Our contribution is to articulate the problems inherent in codes of ethics, and we make some recommendations to address these to benefit both an organization and its employees. In this way, we show how a code of ethics can provide a foundation for ethical sustainability, while addressing management intentions and employees' ethical satisfaction.