nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among operation room staff at a Tertiary Care Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Low Back Pain (LBP) is the commonest musculoskeletal disorder and an important occupational hazard among healthcare workers (HCWs) that peaks among Operating Room (OR) staff. This cross sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors of low back pain among operating room (OR) staff in a tertiary healthcare center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.  A 39 item self administered questionnaire was distributed to all available OR staff. Data about personal, sociodemographic, general risk factors OR specific risky activities, and LBP characteristics were obtained. Descriptive, crosstabs, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were employed.  Out of the 143 distributed questionnaires, 84 were received. LBP prevalence was 74.2 No statistically significant associations were detected between LBP and any of the general risk factors (p >0.05) However, most of the OR risky activities were significantly associated with the occurrence of LBP (p <0.05) e.g. lifting objects above the waist, rotating torso while bearing weight, transferring patients onto bed or chair, pulling a patient up the bed, and repositioning a patient in bed. These significant associations were preserved after adjustment for gender, perceived stress at work, educational level, and receiving education about LBP. Rest and analgesics were reported to be the most common relievers.  LBP is a common health issue among KAMC OR staff. OR risky activities were found to contribute to this problem. We suggest designing educational interventional programs to teach OR staff the best way to prevent this problem.
Agroindustrial waste cellulose using fermented broth of white rot fungi

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue la separacion de la celulosa de ripio de pique empleando caldo fermentado de diferentes hongos ligninoliticos. Las especies Pleurotus sp. CBT1, Pleurotus sp. CBT2 y Pycnoporus sanguineous se adaptaron aun medio de cultivo que contenia lignina como fuente de Carbono. La degradacion de lignina en medio de cultivo ocurrio entre 12 y 72 h de fermentacion para las tres especies, alcanzando una degradacion de 72, 60 y 54% para Pleurotus sp. CBT1, Pleurotus sp. CBT2 y Pycnoporus sanguineous, respectivamente, lo que coincidio con los niveles maximos de actividad de la enzima en Mn P de 4.59, 2.24 y 4.19UI L para Pleurotus sp. CBT1, Pleurotus sp. CBT2 y P. sanguineous, respectivamente. El ripio de fique se sometio a degradacion en caldo fermentado de Pleurotus sp. CBT1, Pleurotus sp. CBT2 y P. sanguineous a pH 5.0, temperatura de 50 degC y 30 min de accion enzimatica. El caldo fermentado a partir de Pleurotus sp. CBT1 despues de 48h de fermentacion mostro una degradacionn de la lignina en el ripio de pique de 65,2% disminuyendo el contenido de lignina inicial de 14.1% a 4.9% y un aumento en contenido de celulosa de 61.8 a 73.1%
Microbial Diversity and Biochemical Analysis of Suanzhou: A Traditional Chinese Fermented Cereal Gruel
Venue: Front. Microbiol.

Suanzhou as a traditional Chinese gruel is fermented from proso millet and millet. The biochemical analysis showed Suanzhou had relatively high concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, and free amino acids. The metagenomics of Suanzhou were studied, with the analysis of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene, the genera Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were found dominant with the average abundance of 58.2 and 24.4% respectively; and with the analysis of the ITS1 region between 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, 97.3% of the fungal community was found belonging to the genus Pichia and 2.7% belonging to five other genera. Moreover, the isolates recovered from 59 Suanzhou samples with various media were identified with the 16S rRNA or 18S rRNA gene analyses. Lactobacillus fermentum (26.9% L. pentosus (19.4% L. casei (17.9% and L. brevis (16.4% were the four dominant Lactobacillus species; Acetobacter lovaniensis (38.1% A. syzygii (16.7% A. okinawensis (16.7% and A. indonesiensis (11.9% were the four dominant Acetobacter species; and Pichia kudriavzevii (55.8% and Galactomyces geotrichum (23.1% were the two dominant fungal species. Additionally, L. pentosus p28 c and L. casei h28 c1 were selected for the fermentations mimicking the natural process. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Suanzhou is a nutritional food high in free amino acids and organic acids. Diverse Lactobacillus, Acetobacter, and yeast species are identified as the dominant microorganisms in Suanzhou. The isolated strains can be further characterized and used as starters for the industrial production of Suanzhou safely.
Childhood Adversity and Adult Reports of Food Insecurity Among Households With Children.
Venue: American journal of preventive medicine

Exposure to childhood adversity, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, is associated with negative long term health and economic outcomes. Little is known about how adversity exposure in parents' early lives may be related to later food insecurity for parents and their children. This study investigated the association between female caregivers' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and household and child food insecurity, taking into account depressive symptoms.  This study used cross sectional data from 1,255 female caregivers of children aged <4 years surveyed in an urban clinical setting from March 2012 through June 2014. Measures included sociodemographic characteristics; caregivers' ACEs, including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction; depressive symptoms; and household and child food insecurity. Multinomial and logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship among ACEs, depressive symptoms, and household and child food security status.  Caregiver depressive symptoms modified associations between ACEs and food insecurity level. After adjusting for covariates, caregivers reporting both depressive symptoms and four or more ACEs were 12.3 times as likely to report low food security (95% CI=6.2, 24.7) 28.8 times as likely to report very low food security (95% CI=12.8, 64.8) and 17.6 times as likely to report child food insecurity (95% CI=7.3, 42.6) compared with those reporting no depressive symptoms and no ACEs.  Depressive symptoms and ACEs were independently associated with household and child food insecurity, and depressive symptoms modified the association between ACEs and household and child food insecurity. Comprehensive policy interventions incorporating nutrition assistance and behavioral health may address intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.
Performance evaluation of controllable separate heat pipes

A controllable separate heat pipe (CSHP) combined with cool storage can be an efficient and low cost solution to release the necessary cool power and to improve the precision in the temperature control of cool storage refrigerators powered by solar energy or electricity with time of use price policy. However, the precise temperature control performance of separate heat pipes under active control depends on system design and thus should be confirmed. In this study, a CSHP was developed and an active control method was achieved by interrupting its two phase natural circulation flow. A one dimensional steady state model was used to calculate the critical fill ratio, heat transfer rate, and average working temperature of CSHP. A series of experiments was conducted to analyze the start stop and heat transfer performances of CSHP at various R134a fill ratios and heat sink temperatures. Under different test conditions, the optimum working points were obtained through fitting. The most suitable control mode was determined and the start stop performance of CSHP was examined in detail. CSHP starts up quickly in approximately 15 seconds and the quickest stopping time of CSHP approximates to 80 seconds. Therefore, the performance of CSHP under active control can be applied to cool storage refrigerators.
Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter
Venue: NAACL

Hate speech in the form of racist and sexist remarks are a common occurrence on social media. For that reason, many social media services address the problem of identifying hate speech, but the definition of hate speech varies markedly and is largely a manual effort (BBC, 2015; Lomas, 2015) We provide a list of criteria founded in critical race theory, and use them to annotate a publicly available corpus of more than 16k tweets. We analyze the impact of various extra linguistic features in conjunction with character n grams for hatespeech detection. We also present a dictionary based the most indicative words in our data.
COMBO: An efficient Bayesian optimization library for materials science

In many subfields of chemistry and physics, numerous attempts have been made to accelerate scientific discovery using data driven experimental design algorithms. Among them, Bayesian optimization has been proven to be an effective tool. A standard implementation (e.g. scikit learn) however, can accommodate only small training data. We designed an efficient protocol for Bayesian optimization that employs Thompson sampling, random feature maps, one rank Cholesky update and automatic hyperparameter tuning, and implemented it as an open source python library called COMBO (COMmon Bayesian Optimization library) Promising results using COMBO to determine the atomic structure of a crystalline interface are presented. COMBO is available at https:/github.com/tsudalab/combo
Wound healing activity of Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves: Evaluation in rats using excision wound model

The present study was aimed to evaluate the traditionally reported wound healing potential of Chrysophyllum cainito leaves.  The ethanolic extract of C. cainito leaves was standardized in terms of its gallic acid content (a phenolic compound with wound healing properties) using a validated HPTLC technique. The antioxidant activity of C. cainito leaves was also evaluated in vitro The wound healing potential of the extract was evaluated in male Albino Wistar rats using excision wound model. The results were statistically evaluated and compared with traditional drug Jatyadi Taila (JT) and modern drug Betadine (BTD)  Topical application of the standardized ethanolic extract of C. cainito leaves on excision wounds caused the significantly faster reduction in the wound area as compared to JT and BTD. Similarly, it also showed the significant increase in the tissue biochemical parameters such as hydroxyproline, hexosamine and protein when compared with the untreated control.  Findings of the present study provide a baseline data on wound healing and antioxidant potential of C. cainito leaves and supports their traditional claim.  Antioxidant activity, Excision wound model, Gallic acid, Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves, Efficacy.
Camera Calibration Implementation Based on Zhang Zhengyou Plane Method

Camera calibration is a crucial step in computer vision, the main determinant of the visual measurement effect, laying the basis for three dimensional reconstruction. In order to know calibration's precision exactly, pinhole model and relations of the four coordinates are used, camera's internal and external parameter matrices can be solved by Zhang Zhengyou plane calibration method, camera's distortion coefficients are then easily solved, further considered radial distortion and tangential distortion. The paper establishes a simple but clear error assessment system to evaluate the accuracy of the results and compares them with MATLAB toolbox. The experiment demonstrates that the method has high accuracy, establishing a foundation for seeking depth by binocular stereo vision.
Conserving Water While Washing Hands

As water scarcity problems will probably increase over the next decade, it is important to explore ways to reduce water consumption in everyday individual behaviors. In line with previous field research, we aimed to show in a laboratory setting that descriptive norms could effectively influence water reduction actions. Moreover, because the impact of such actions would be valuable if repeated over time, we investigated whether the effect of descriptive norms interventions can last for at least a week. We conducted three studies using two messages targeting different ways to achieve a reduction in water consumption (i.e. closing the tap and using as little water as possible) for hand washing. We provide additional empirical evidence that descriptive norms are effective in increasing water conservation actions and that this influence remains for at least a week.
Adequate Hand Washing and Glove Use Are Necessary To Reduce Cross Contamination from Hands with High Bacterial Loads.
Venue: Journal of food protection

Hand washing and glove use are the main methods for reducing bacterial cross contamination from hands to ready to eat food in a food service setting. However, bacterial transfer from hands to gloves is poorly understood, as is the effect of different durations of soap rubbing on bacterial reduction. To assess bacterial transfer from hands to gloves and to compare bacterial transfer rates to food after different soap washing times and glove use, participants' hands were artificially contaminated with Enterobacter aerogenes B199A at ~9 log CFU. Different soap rubbing times (0, 3, and 20 s) glove use, and tomato dicing activities followed. The bacterial counts in diced tomatoes and on participants' hands and gloves were then analyzed. Different soap rubbing times did not significantly change the amount of bacteria recovered from participants' hands. Dicing tomatoes with bare hands after 20 s of soap rubbing transferred significantly less bacteria (P 0.01) to tomatoes than did dicing with bare hands after 0 s of soap rubbing. Wearing gloves while dicing greatly reduced the incidence of contaminated tomato samples compared with dicing with bare hands. Increasing soap washing time decreased the incidence of bacteria recovered from outside glove surfaces (P 0.05) These results highlight that both glove use and adequate hand washing are necessary to reduce bacterial cross contamination in food service environments.
Mechanisms of body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation by tea.
Venue: Molecular nutrition food research

Tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, has been shown to reduce body weight, alleviate metabolic syndrome, and prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. Such beneficial effects have generally been observed in most human studies when the level of tea consumption was three to four cups (600 900 mg tea catechins) or more per day. Green tea is more effective than black tea. In spite of numerous studies, the fundamental mechanisms for these actions still remain unclear. From a review of the literature, we propose that the two major mechanisms are: (i) decreasing absorption of lipids and proteins by tea constituents in the intestine, thus reducing calorie intake; and (ii) activating AMP activated protein kinase by tea polyphenols that are bioavailable in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. The relative importance of these two mechanisms depends on the types of tea and diet consumed by individuals. The activated AMP activated protein kinase would decrease gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis and increase catabolism, leading to body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation. Other mechanisms and the health relevance of these beneficial effects of tea consumption remain to be further investigated.
Affix ordering in Optimal Construction Morphology

This paper sketches an integrated approach to affix ordering within Optimal Construction Morphology, a bottom up, competition based model of word production in which each step of affixation is the optimal choice among competing possibilities (Caballero Inkelas 2013) Optimalitytheoretic models are natural fits for affix ordering, a complex phenomenon governed by a mix of conflicting universal and language specific factors which interact differently in every language. This study covers familiar, global cross linguistic principles such as semantic relevance (e.g. Bybee 1985) and scope (e.g. Baker 1988; Rice 2000) integrating them with local lexical selectional restrictions (e.g. Fabb 1988) it also incorporates usage based factors such as Complexity Based Ordering (e.g. Hay Plag 2004) The study innovates in adding affix informativity to the mix.
Geant4 simulation of 238U(n,f) reaction induced by D T neutron source

Knowledge of actinides (n,f) fission process induced by neutron is of importance in the field of nuclear power and nuclear engineering, especially for reactor applications. In this work, fission characteristics of 238U(n,f) reaction induced by D T neutron source were simulated with Geant4 code from multiple perspectives, including the fission production yields, total nubar, kinetic energy distribution, fission neutron spectrum and cumulative g ray spectrum of the fission products. The simulation results agree well with the experimental nuclear reaction data (EXFOR) and evaluated nuclear data (ENDF) Mainly, this work was to examine the rationality of the parametric nuclear fission model in Geant4 and to direct our future experimental measurements for the cumulative fission yields of 238U(n,f) reaction.
Inducing mental set constrains procedural flexibility and conceptual understanding in mathematics
Venue: Memory cognition

An important goal in mathematics is to flexibly use and apply multiple, efficient procedures to solve problems and to understand why these procedures work. One factor that may limit individuals' ability to notice and flexibly apply strategies is the mental set induced by the problem context. Undergraduate (N 41, Experiment 1) and fifth and sixth grade students (N 87, Experiment 2) solved mathematical equivalence problems in one of two set inducing conditions. Participants in the complex first condition solved problems without a repeated addend on both sides of the equal sign (e.g. 7 5 9 3 _) which required multistep strategies. Then these students solved problems with a repeated addend (e.g. 7 5 9 7 _) for which a shortcut strategy could be readily used (i.e. adding 5 9) Participants in the shortcut first condition solved the same problem set but began with the shortcut problems. Consistent with laboratory studies of mental set, participants in the complex first condition were less likely to use the more efficient shortcut strategy when possible. In addition, these participants were less likely to demonstrate procedural flexibility and conceptual understanding on a subsequent assessment of mathematical equivalence knowledge. These findings suggest that certain problem solving contexts can help or hinder both flexibility in strategy use and deeper conceptual thinking about the problems.
Real Time Charging Management Framework for Electric Vehicle Aggregators in a Market Environment
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

A framework for real time (RT) charging management of an electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) participating in electric energy and regulation markets is proposed. The developed models, which assign charging set points to the electric vehicles (EVs) based on evolving EV charging priorities, are formulated as linear programs that can be solved very fast. A model of the most common (constant current constant voltage) battery charging method is also presented. A case study is examined, where an EVA representing 1000 EVs participates in the day ahead and RT energy and regulation markets, and manages the RT charging of the EVs in his fleet based on the developed framework. Through this approach, conclusions on the impact of the charging priority parameterization for the RT EV charging management, the value of the dynamic regulation signal on the reliable EV participation in the regulation market, and the impact of the detailed battery modelling are derived.
Colliding Employer Employee Perspectives of Employee Turnover: Evidence from a Born Global Industry

Set in the context of internationalisation of global division of labour, this paper provides a deeper exploration of qualitative themes of conflicting accounts of employees' reasons to quit and managerial strategies to prevent employee turnover in six business process outsourcing firms operating in India. Such differences in cognition and action between the two constituencies suggest that the decision to quit is not a linear and rational process as highlighted in most extant models of employee turnover. Our findings suggest that employees are attached more to a place or people they work with rather than the organisation per se. Intergenerational differences between Generation Y knowledge workers and Generation X managers and the ineffectiveness of espoused human resource practices suggest the presence of 'push' human resource management (HRM) systems. Our findings have implications for employee turnover models, inter generational theory and high commitment HRM, and practitioners.
La commission Cathala et le modele anglais, Londres 1942 1943

Nettement moins connue que la commission dite d'Alger et surtout que la mythique ou sacrale commission Langevin Wallon (1944 47) la commission Cathala a ete chargee de reflechir, de 1942 a 1943, dans le cadre de la France libre a Londres, sur les principes fondamentaux de la reforme de l'enseignement, en prevision de la victoire et de la renaissance democratique de la nation francaise. L'article a pour objet d'exposer les grandes lignes du projet elabore par les membres de la commission, qui sont par ailleurs presentes pour les plus influents d'entre eux a travers une tentative d'approche prosopographique, et surtout de mettre en relief l'importance du contexte lie aux circonstances de la guerre sur le sol britannique. Dans quelle mesure des experiences pedagogiques contraintes ont elles eu un retentissement sur les premieres propositions reformatrices francaises en vue de l'apres guerre et peut on parler d'un modele anglais S'il convient de ne pas minimiser d'autres apports comme ceux de l'education nouvelle et les progres realises avant guerre avec la reforme Jean Zay (1937) les travaux de la commission Cathala constituent neanmoins un geste inaugural fortement influence par le contexte anglais, point de depart d'une chaine reformatrice.