nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatically Recommending Peer Reviewers in Modern Code Review
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Code review is an important part of the software development process. Recently, many open source projects have begun practicing code review through "modern" tools such as GitHub pull requests and Gerrit. Many commercial software companies use similar tools for code review internally. These tools enable the owner of a source code change to request individuals to participate in the review, i.e. reviewers. However, this task comes with a challenge. Prior work has shown that the benefits of code review are dependent upon the expertise of the reviewers involved. Thus, a common problem faced by authors of source code changes is that of identifying the best reviewers for their source code change. To address this problem, we present an approach, namely cHRev, to automatically recommend reviewers who are best suited to participate in a given review, based on their historical contributions as demonstrated in their prior reviews. We evaluate the effectiveness of cHRev on three open source systems as well as a commercial codebase at Microsoft and compare it to the state of the art in reviewer recommendation. We show that by leveraging the specific information in previously completed reviews (i.e.,quantification of review comments and their recency) we are able to improve dramatically on the performance of prior approaches, which (limitedly) operate on generic review information (i.e. reviewers of similar source code file and path names) or source coderepository data. We also present the insights into why our approach cHRev outperforms the existing approaches.
Modeling diffusive transport with a fractional derivative without singular kernel

In this paper we present an alternative representation of the diffusion equation and the diffusion advection equation using the fractional calculus approach, the spatial time derivatives are approximated using the fractional definition recently introduced by Caputo and Fabrizio in the range b,g(0;2] for the space and time domain respectively. In this representation two auxiliary parameters sx and st are introduced, these parameters related to equation results in a fractal space time geometry provide an entire new family of solutions for the diffusion processes. The numerical results showed different behaviors when compared with classical model solutions. In the range b,g(0;1) the concentration exhibits the non Markovian Levy flights and the subdiffusion phenomena; when b=g=1 the classical case is recovered; when b,g(1;2] the concentration exhibits the Markovian Levy flights and the superdiffusion phenomena; finally when b=g=2 the concentration is anomalous dispersive and we found ballistic diffusion.
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of two dimensional materials and their one dimensional derivatives
Venue: Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Computational molecular science

Low dimensional materials exhibit many exceptional properties and functionalities which can be efficiently tuned by externally applied force or fields. Here we review the current status of research on tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of low dimensional carbon, boron nitride, metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene nanomaterials by applied engineering strain, external electric field and interaction with substrates, etc, with particular focus on the progress of computational methods and studies. We highlight the similarities and differences of the property modulation among one and two dimensional nanomaterials. Recent breakthroughs in experimental demonstration of the tunable functionalities in typical nanostructures are also presented. Finally, prospective and challenges for applying the tunable properties into functional devices are discussed. WIREs  350. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1251
Chronic atomoxetine treatment during adolescence does not influence decision making on a rodent gambling task, but does modulate amphetamine's effect on impulsive action in adulthood
Venue: Behavioural pharmacology

In addition to the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder exhibit impaired performance on tests of real world cost/benefit decision making. Atomoxetine, a nonstimulant drug approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor administered chronically during adolescence, a time during which the frontal brain regions necessary for executive function undergo extensive maturation. This treatment protocol can affect behavior well into adulthood, but whether it produces long term changes in complex decision making has not been investigated. Twenty four Long Evans rats were administered saline or 1.0 mg/kg atomoxetine daily from postnatal day 40 to 54. Two weeks after treatment, the adult rats were trained and assessed on the rodent gambling task, in which the animals chose from four options varying in reward, punishment, and uncertainty. Impulsive action was also measured by recording the number of premature responses made. Regardless of the treatment administered during adolescence, rats learned to favor the advantageous options characterized by small, low penalty rewards in lieu of the larger, higher penalty reward options. Rodent gambling task performance was then assessed following acute treatment with atomoxetine (0.1 1.0 mg/kg) and amphetamine (0.3 1.5 mg/kg) Across groups, the highest dose of atomoxetine impaired decision making and decreased premature responding at all doses tested. Amphetamine also impaired choice performance, but selectively increased impulsive action in rats that had previously received atomoxetine treatment during adolescence. These findings contribute to our understanding of the long term effects associated with chronic adolescent atomoxetine exposure and suggest that this treatment does not alter decision making under conditions of risk and uncertainty in adulthood.
Fingertip force estimation via inertial and magnetic sensors in deformable object manipulation
Venue: 2016 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS)

Fingertip contact forces are of utmost importance in evaluating the quality of the human grasp. However, measuring such forces during object manipulation is not a trivial task. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate the fingertip contact forces in grasping deformable objects with known shape and stiffness matrix. The proposed approach uses a sensing glove instrumented with inertial and magnetic sensors. Data obtained from the accelerometers and gyroscopes placed on the distal phalanges are used to determine when the fingers establish contacts with the object. The sensing glove is used to estimate the configuration of the hand and the deformation of the object at each contact with the fingertips of the human hand. The force exerted by each fingertip is obtained by multiplying the stiffness matrix of the object and the vector of object's local deformation in the contact point. Extensive simulations have been performed in order to evaluate the robustness of the proposed approach to noisy measurements, and uncertainties in human hand model. In order to validate the proposed approach, experimental validations with a virtual object have been performed. A haptic device was used to generate the contact forces with the virtual object and accurately measure the forces exerted by the users during the interaction.
Towards rapid qualification of powder bed laser additively manufactured parts
Venue: Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation

Qualification of aerospace components is a long and costly process involving material properties, material specifications, manufacturing process, and design among others. Reducing qualification time and cost while maintaining safety offers a large economic advantage and enables faster response to the market demands. In 2012, DARPA established the Open Manufacturing program, a project to develop an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) framework aimed at rapid qualification. Rapid qualification requires the integration of several technologies: materials, process, design, models, monitoring and control, non destructive evaluation (NDE) testing, among others. A probabilistic design approach is adopted in the rapid qualification process to enable the integration of these technologies into a single risk based function to optimize the design process. This approach directs the efforts to those areas that play the most important roles, potentially reducing specimen testing that will be required to develop material databases and design limits. New tests also will be required to validate and verify the ICME framework and develop a better understanding of the processing microstructure property relation and associated variability of the processing conditions. The probabilistic design approach is demonstrated for the rapid qualification of an actual aircraft engine component constructed via the powder bed additive manufacturing process. This paper summarizes the probabilistic rapid qualification design approach and its application to this novel manufacturing process with the goal of reducing the overall qualification process time by 40 and qualification process cost by 20
The ubiquitin proteasome system in atrophying skeletal muscle: roles and regulation.
Venue: American journal of physiology. Cell physiology

Muscle atrophy complicates many diseases as well as aging, and its presence predicts both decreased quality of life and survival. Much work has been conducted to define the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining protein homeostasis in muscle. To date, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has been shown to play an important role in mediating muscle wasting. In this review, we have collated the enzymes in the UPS whose roles in muscle wasting have been confirmed through loss of function studies. We have integrated information on their mechanisms of action to create a model of how they work together to produce muscle atrophy. These enzymes are involved in promoting myofibrillar disassembly and degradation, activation of autophagy, inhibition of myogenesis as well as in modulating the signaling pathways that control these processes. Many anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways are involved in regulating these UPS genes, but none appear to coordinately regulate a large number of these genes. A number of catabolic signaling pathways appear to instead function by inhibition of the insulin/IGF I/protein kinase B anabolic pathway. This pathway is a critical determinant of muscle mass, since it can suppress key ubiquitin ligases and autophagy, activate protein synthesis, and promote myogenesis through its downstream mediators such as forkhead box O, mammalian target of rapamycin, and GSK3b, respectively. Although much progress has been made, a more complete inventory of the UPS genes involved in mediating muscle atrophy, their mechanisms of action, and their regulation will be useful for identifying novel therapeutic approaches to this important clinical problem.
The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF 1 and MAFbx in loss of skeletal muscle mass.
Venue: Free radical biology medicine

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the main regulatory mechanism of protein degradation in skeletal muscle. The ubiquitin ligase enzymes (E3s) have a central role in determining the selectivity and specificity of the UPS. Since their identification in 2001, the muscle specific E3s, muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF 1) and muscle atrophy F box (MAFbx) have been shown to be implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy in various pathological and physiological conditions. This review aims to explore the involvement of MuRF 1 and MAFbx in catabolism of skeletal muscle during various pathologies, such as cancer cachexia, sarcopenia of aging, chronic kidney disease (CKD) diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) In addition, the effects of various lifestyle and modifiable factors (e.g. nutrition, exercise, cigarette smoking, and alcohol) on MuRF 1 and MAFbx regulation will be discussed. Finally, evidence of potential strategies to protect against skeletal muscle wasting through inhibition of MuRF 1 and MAFbx expression will be explored.
Long term Recurrence and Complications Associated With Elective Incisional Hernia Repair.
Venue: JAMA

Importance Prosthetic mesh is frequently used to reinforce the repair of abdominal wall incisional hernias. The benefits of mesh for reducing the risk of hernia recurrence or the long term risks of mesh related complications are not known.  To investigate the risks of long term recurrence and mesh related complications following elective abdominal wall hernia repair in a population with complete follow up.  Registry based nationwide cohort study including all elective incisional hernia repairs in Denmark from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2010. A total of 3242 patients with incisional repair were included. Follow up until November 1, 2014, was obtained by merging data with prospective registrations from the Danish National Patient Registry supplemented with a retrospective manual review of patient records. A 100% follow up rate was obtained.  Hernia repair using mesh performed by either open or laparoscopic techniques vs open repair without use of mesh.  Five year risk of reoperation for recurrence and 5 year risk of all mesh related complications requiring subsequent surgery.  Among the 3242 patients (mean age, 58.5 [SD, 13.5] years; 1720 women [53.1% 1119 underwent open mesh repair (34.5% 366 had open nonmesh repair (11.3% and 1757 had laparoscopic mesh repair (54.2% The median follow up after open mesh repair was 59 (interquartile range [IQR] 44 80) months, after nonmesh open repair was 62 (IQR, 44 79) months, and after laparoscopic mesh repair was 61 (IQR, 48 78) months. The risk of the need for repair for recurrent hernia following these initial hernia operations was lower for patients with open mesh repair (12.3% [95% CI, 10.4% 14.3% risk difference, 4.8% [95% CI, 9.1% to 0.5% and for patients with laparoscopic mesh repair (10.6% [95% CI, 9.2% 12.1% risk difference, 6.5% [95% CI, 10.6% to 2.4% compared with nonmesh repair (17.1% [95% CI, 13.2% 20.9% For the entirety of the follow up duration, there was a progressively increasing number of mesh related complications for both open and laparoscopic procedures. At 5 years of follow up, the cumulative incidence of mesh related complications was 5.6% (95% CI, 4.2% 6.9% for patients who underwent open mesh hernia repair and 3.7% (95% CI, 2.8% 4.6% for patients who underwent laparoscopic mesh repair. The long term repair related complication rate for patients with an initial nonmesh repair was 0.8% (open nonmesh repair vs open mesh repair: risk difference, 5.3% [95% CI, 4.4% 6.2% open nonmesh repair vs laparoscopic mesh repair: risk difference, 3.4% [95% CI, 2.7% 4.1% Conclusions and Relevance Among patients undergoing incisional repair, sutured repair was associated with a higher risk of reoperation for recurrence over 5 years compared with open mesh and laparoscopic mesh repair. With long term follow up, the benefits attributable to mesh are offset in part by mesh related complications.
Events Project Management

This book provides events management students with an accessible and essential introduction to project management. Written by both academics and industry experts, Events Project Management offers a unique blend of theory and practice to encourage and contextualise project management requirements within events settings.  What is project management? How does it connect to events management? What is effective project management within the events sector? How does academic theory connect to practice? The book is coherently structured into 12 chapters covering crucial event management topics such as stakeholders, supply chain management, project management tools and techniques, and financial and legal issues. Guides, templates, case study examples, industry tips and activity tasks are integrated in the text and online to show practice and aid knowledge. Written in an engaging style, this text offers the reader a thorough understanding of how to successfully project manage an event from the creative idea to the concrete product. It is essential reading for all events management students.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM POLYGONUM MULTIFLORUM THUNB. ROOTS.
Venue: Acta scientiarum polonorum. Technologia alimentaria

The aim of this study was to determine the best extraction conditions for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) METHODS The raw material used was Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root powder. Five factors such as solvent type, solvent concentrations, solvent/material ratio, extraction time and microwave power were studied; TPC and AC values were determined by the Folin Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging activity measurement, respectively. In addition, studies involved assaying the HPLC test of extracts and SEM of samples.  Optimal results pointed to acetone as the solvent, acetone concentration of 60% solvent/material ratio of 40/1 (v/w) extraction time of 5 mins and microwave power of 127 W. TPC and AC obtained were approximates 44.3 0.13 mg GAE/g DW and 341.26 1.54 mmol TE/g DW, respectively. The effect of microwaving on the cell destruction of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. root was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Some phenolic compounds were determined by the HPLC method, for instance, gallic acid, catechin and resveratrol.  These factors significantly affected TPC and AC. We can use acetone as a solvent with microwave assisted extraction to achieve the best result.
Insider behavior and R&D changes around seasoned equity offerings

AbstactUnlike the IPO research, the SEO research has not examined the relation between insider behavior and R&D changes around offering dates. We tread new ground by examining this relation for SEOs. Like the IPO research, we find a positive association between changes in R&D and changes in insider ownership proportions. However, the comparison of SEOs with IPOs fails to generate complete agreement. For example, our insider results for SEOs are driven as much by five percent owners as by directors and officers, while IPO results are driven by directors and officers. Furthermore, while the IPO research and our SEO study both find evidence for the earnings manipulation hypothesis, our SEO results also offer support for the R&D signaling hypothesis. This latter support is due strictly to the five percent ownership group. Additionally, our insider results for SEOs indicate that endogeneity is just as pronounced during non bubble periods as bubble periods. For IPOs, the evidence indicated endogeneity was a bubble period phenomenon. The main factor in explaining differences between SEOs and IPOs involves the five percent group consisting of large institutional owners who can amass large holdings and, along with directors and officers, control decision making around SEOs. This decision making cannot only reduce R&D to inflate earnings when insiders are lowering their ownership but can also increase R&D when insiders are prone to increase their ownership based on positive sentiments. For this positive situation, firms are more likely to be increasing capital expenditures with the five percent owners pushing this agenda.
Assessment of Attitude and Knowledge of Personnel in the Intensive Care Unit of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Hospitals Toward Organ Donation.
Venue: Transplantation proceedings

The increasing gap between organ supply and demand remains a worldwide problem and can be attributed to several reasons. Because health care workers play an important role in management of brain dead patients, we performed a survey to evaluate the attitude and knowledge of personnel in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals toward organ donation.  This cross sectional study was included personnel from 8 university affiliated ICUs in Northwest of Iran from May to July 2014. The questionnaire included parts of demographic data and socioeconomic situations as well as status of knowledge and attitude of personnel regarding organ donation.  Gender, age, marital status, and type of department in which personnel work did not affect attitude toward organ donation. The most common reasons for disagreement for organ donation were religious considerations, fear of surgery, and body mutilation. Nurses have a better acceptance rate than assistants and nonmedical personnel.  Increasing the knowledge of health care workers in ICUs has strong impact on transplantation rate. The most important thing that should be clarified for this group is the concept of brain death to achieve a multidisciplinary team that believes in organ donation and transplantation.
Critically ill allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients in the intensive care unit: reappraisal of actual prognosis
Venue: Bone Marrow Transplantation

The outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT) patients has significantly improved over the past decade. Still, a significant number of patients require intensive care unit (ICU) management because of life threatening complications. Literature from the 1990s reported extremely poor prognosis for critically ill allo HSCT patients requiring ICU management. Recent data justify the use of ICU resources in hematologic patients. Yet, allo HSCT remains an independent variable associated with mortality. However, outcomes in allo HSCT patients have improved over time and many classic determinants of mortality have become irrelevant. The main actual prognostic factors are the need for mechanical ventilation, the presence of GvHD and the number of organ failures at ICU admission. Recently, the development of reduced intensity conditioning regimens, early ICU admission and the increased use of noninvasive ventilation, combined with time effect and general advances in hematology, in allo HSCT procedures and in ICU management have contributed to improve general outcome. A rational policy of ICU admission triage in these patients is very hard to define, as each decision for ICU admission is a case by case decision at patient bedside. The collaboration between hematologists and intensivists is crucial in this context.
Taking Care of Relationships in the Intensive Care Unit: Positive Impact on Family Consent for Organ Donation.
Venue: Transplantation proceedings

Organ donation refusal from relatives of potential donors with brain death significantly reduces organ availability. The need for organ donation has increased over time, but the shortage of available donors is the major limiting factor in transplantation. We analyzed the impact of a new systematic communication approach between medical staff and patients' relatives on the rate of consent to organ donation.  The study was conducted as a single center, non randomized, controlled, before and after study at an 18 bed intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. We compared the rate of consent for organ donation before and after the introduction of the new communication approach.  A total of 291 brain dead patients were studied. The consent rate increased from 71% in the pre intervention period (2007 2012) to 78.4% in the post intervention period (2013 2015) with an 82.75% increase in the 2014 to 2015 period. During these periods, no significant variation of consent to organ donation was recorded at the national and regional levels.  The introduction of a new communication approach between medical staff and relatives of brain dead patients was associated with a significant increase in the rate of consent to donation. Our results highlight the importance of empathy with relatives in the ICU.