nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival rates of anterior composites in managing tooth wear: systematic review.
Venue: Journal of oral rehabilitation

The use of composite restorations for patients with tooth wear is considered as a more conservative treatment option. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature investigating the survival rates of anterior composite restorations when used in managing tooth wear in patients. PubMed and MEDLINE (Ovid) databases were screened for studies from 1995 to 2015. Cross referencing was used to further identify articles. Article selection and data extraction were performed in duplication. Languages were restricted to English. A quality appraisal of included studies was carried out using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy system. Six hundred and sixty six articles were initially identified from which eight articles were full text reviewed. Six articles involving five studies were selected for inclusion. Three studies were prospective and two retrospective. Included studies involved placement of 772 direct and indirect anterior composite restorations in 100 patients with follow up periods between 5 months and 10 years. The survival rates of anterior composites were >90% and 50% at 2.5 and 5 years, respectively. Posterior occlusion was re established in 91% of patients within 18 months. Meta analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of included studies. The systematic review's overall strength of recommendation was graded B. There is evidence to support the use of anterior composite restorations at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion in the short/medium term management of tooth wear. Long term reporting of outcomes remains limited. Further research is needed with standardised study design, detailed reporting of outcomes and long term review.
The Primate Origins of Human Nature

This book represents a most welcome and most scholarly examination of the origins and evolution of human nature. The breadth of Carel van Schaik's approach to this subject is quite amazing. He covers everything from the basics of evolutionary and behavioural biology, the fossil evidence of human evolution, behavioural ecology, the origins of technology, the evolution of sexuality, social organization, cognitive capacities and language. There are even chapters dealing with the origins of aesthetic expression, as well as warfare, morality and religion. As a result of his efforts, van Schaik has achieved a valuable synthesis and guide for undergraduate students as well as for those postgraduates who wish to widen their knowledge of comparative primatology, human behaviour and evolution. Teachers in a number of disciplines (anthropology, psychology and the biological sciences) should find that this book provides a valuable resource. The work is carefully structured, with chapters organized under 8 section headings: Evolution, Behavior and Culture; The History of Humans; Subsistence and Technology; Sex and Sexual Selection; Life's Changes; Social Life; Cooperation; The Cognitive Animal. Each section commences with a clearly written introduction, so that students can address basic concepts, before progressing to the more detailed material in the ensuing chapters. As a textbook, this one succeeds admirably. Inevitably, some topics are discussed only briefly. As an example, in chapter 4, Homo floresiensis merits just 4 lines in the text. However, given that 12 years after their discovery, scholars are still hotly debating the affinities of the Flores fossils, van Schaik was wise to avoid exploring this particular controversy. Of greater concern to me, as somebody who specializes in researching the evolution of sexuality, are some shortcomings in section IV (Sex and Sexual Selection) For example, van Schaik states that 'despite the great variability of sexual behavior in different species, its function, apart from fertilization, is the same: the avoidance of infanticide' My own view is that infanticidal behaviour is most unlikely to have played such a pervasive role in primate (including human) evolution [Dixson, 2012, 2015] Setting this aside, The Primate Origins of Human Nature promises to fulfil the prediction made by the editors of the Foundations of Human Biology series, namely that it represents a 'landmark work that will help to bring about a reintegration of anthropology's scattered parts' Here, the editors refer to the unfortunate intellectual schism which has separated biological anthropology from cultural and social anthropology in many universities. Hopefully, this artificial division is already beginning to break down, and van Schaik's superb book will help to hasten that process. A.F. Dixson Wellington Published online: August 20, 2016
Using futures inquiry to create low carbon, resilient urban futures: a review of practice, theory and process options for the Visions and Pathways project

This paper presents a scan of futures inquiry trends, an outline of recent advances in relevant theory, and critically reviews similar 'transition' focused and related projects in Europe and the United States. Five leading projects are described and examined: 'Retrofit 2050' 'Urban Transition Labs' 'SPREAD Sustainable Lifestyles 2050' 'Future Car(d) Urbanism' and 'Futurescape City Tours' Collectively, the projects epitomise four key trends in visioning and scenario practices.
Characterization of a cold adapted and salt tolerant exo chitinase (ChiC) from Pseudoalteromonas sp. DL 6
Venue: Extremophiles

We have previously reported a non processive endo type chitinase, ChiA, from a newly isolated marine psychrophilic bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. DL 6. In this study, a processive exo type chitinase, ChiC, was cloned from the same bacterium and characterized in detail. ChiC could hydrolyze crystalline chitin into (GlcNAc)2 as the only observed product. It exhibited high catalytic activity even at low temperatures, e.g. close to 0 degC, or in the presence of 5 M NaCl, suggesting that ChiC was a cold adapted and highly salt tolerant chitinase. ChiC could also hydrolyze other substrates, including chitosan and Avicel, indicating its broad substrate specificity. Sequence features indicated that ChiC was a multi domain protein having a deep substrate binding groove that was regarded as characteristic of processive exo chitinases. Enzymatic hydrolysis of chitin by ChiC could be remarkably boosted in the presence of ChiA, suggesting the synergy of ChiC and ChiA. This work provided a new evidence to prove that marine psychrophilic bacteria utilized a synergistic enzyme system to degrade recalcitrant chitin.
Cyclic lateral response of FRP confined circular concrete filled steel tubular columns

Concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns are widely used as columns in many structural systems and a common failure mode of such tubular columns is inelastic outward local buckling near a column end. The use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) jackets/wraps for the suppression of such local buckling has recently been proposed and has been proven to possess excellent potential in both retrofit/strengthening and new construction. This paper presents the results of an experimental study into the behaviour of large scale FRP confined CFT (CCFT) columns under combined axial compression and lateral loading. The test parameters included the stiffness of the FRP jacket and the loading scenario. The test results showed that the FRP jacket can effectively delay or even prevent outward local buckling at the end of a cantilevered CFT column, leading to significantly improved structural performance under combined constant axial compression and cyclic lateral loading. Compared to monotonic lateral loading, cyclic lateral loading was found to introduce more severe localized deformation near the column end and may lead to earlier FRP rupture within that region.
Cadmium accumulation by forage species used in New Zealand livestock grazing systems

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in 12 forage plant species was investigated in a glasshouse trial. Potted soil (total Cd 0.43 mg kg 1 was fertilised with varying rates of superphosphate to manipulate phosphorus availability, plant growth rate and soil Cd availability. Mean tissue Cd concentration decreased in the order chicory plantain turnip lucerne sheep's burnet strawberry clover kale perennial ryegrass haresfoot trefoil red clover crimson clover white clover. Chicory and plantain had significantly greater mean tissue Cd concentrations (1.639 and 0.734 mg kg 1 DM, respectively) than all other species. Rate of superphosphate and plant yield had little influence on plant tissue Cd concentration. The correlation between soil total Cd and plant tissue Cd concentration was generally poor R 2 0.006 0.428) and was only significant for perennial ryegrass and red clover. Modelling of lamb kidney Cd accumulation indicated that food standard maximum levels may be exceeded in animals younger than the current meat industry 30 month offal discard age. With increased use of chicory and plantain as specialist forage crops in New Zealand, this information will be important for improving livestock Cd accumulation risk assessment models.
Configurable Table Structure Recognition in Untagged PDF documents
Venue: DocEng

Today, PDF is one of the most popular document formats in the web. Many PDF documents are not images, but remain untagged. They have no tags for identifying the logical reading order, paragraphs, figures, and tables. One of the challenges with these documents is how to extract tables from them. The paper discusses a new system for table structure recognition in untagged PDF documents. It is formulated as a set of configurable parameters and ad hoc heuristics for recovering table cells. We consider two different configurations for the system and demonstrate experimental results based on the existing competition dataset for both of them.
Cohomologie coherente et representations Galoisiennes

ResumeDans cet article, on montre comment les idees introduites dans l'article Scholze (On torsion in the cohomology of locally symmetric varieties, prepublication, 2015) s'appliquent a l'etude de la cohomologie coherente des varietes de Siegel, et plus generalement des varietes de Shimura de type Hodge. Le resultat principal affirme que les classes de cohomologie coherente superieure sont des limites p adique de formes modulaires cuspidales. Ceci permet dans certains cas d'associer des representations galoisiennes a des formes automorphes apparaissant dans la cohomologie coherente de varietes de Shimura.AbstractIn this paper, we show how the ideas introduced in Scholze (On torsion in the cohomology of locally symmetric varieties, prepublication, 2015) apply to the study of coherent cohomology of Siegel varieties, and more generally of Shimura varieties of Hodge type. The principal result asserts that higher cohomology classes are p adic limits of cuspidal modular forms. This enables us to associate Galois representations to some automorphic representations appearing in the coherent cohomology of Shimura varieties.
Design of an intelligent prediction based neural network controller for multi scroll chaotic systems
Venue: Applied Intelligence

An indispensable part of the precise control of multi scroll chaotic systems, model identification has received increasing attention in recent years. Because of plant uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics, conventional control methods cannot guarantee a sufficiently high performance for stabilizing multi scroll chaotic systems. In an effort to tackle the matter better, we propose an intelligent controller called the adaptive neural network prediction based controller (NN PbC The specified neural network is trained with the system model, which is extracted from a time series. In actual practice, the data are divided into two sets. One set is used for training and the other set for testing. In fact, a generalized NN will perform well for both training and testing data. The prediction based control method is then applied to the obtained neural network model to stabilize the multiple equilibrium points. The stability of the closed loop system is proven. In addition, simulation examples on two typical multi scroll chaotic systems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Sex specific local life history adaptation in surface and cave dwelling Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana)
Venue: Scientific reports

Cavefishes have long been used as model organisms showcasing adaptive diversification, but does adaptation to caves also facilitate the evolution of reproductive isolation from surface ancestors? We raised offspring of wild caught surface and cave dwelling ecotypes of the neotropical fish Poecilia mexicana to sexual maturity in a 12 month common garden experiment. Fish were raised under one of two food regimes (high vs. low) and this was crossed with differences in lighting conditions (permanent darkness vs. 12:12 h light:dark cycle) in a 2 x 2 factorial design, allowing us to elucidate potential patterns of local adaptation in life histories. Our results reveal a pattern of sex specific local life history adaptation: Surface molly females had the highest fitness in the treatment best resembling their habitat of origin (high food and a light:dark cycle) and suffered from almost complete reproductive failure in darkness, while cave molly females were not similarly affected in any treatment. Males of both ecotypes, on the other hand, showed only weak evidence for local adaptation. Nonetheless, local life history adaptation in females likely contributes to ecological diversification in this system and other cave animals, further supporting the role of local adaptation due to strong divergent selection as a major force in ecological speciation.
Proposed investment decision support system for stock exchange using text mining method
Venue: 2016 Al Sadeq International Conference on Multidisciplinary in IT and Communication Science and Applications (AIC MITCSA)

This work aims to design a proposed decision support system (DSS) for helping investors in making investment decision by using rule text mining based algorithm to analyze news headline and implement analyzing pro gram based on a manual analyzed headlines. The news analysis program (NAP) was used as an important stage in making investment decision on sample of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) stock markets using Alarabia.net and Reuters.com which treated as a source of media noise that has an influence on the value of stock quoted stock market. The second kind of data that proposed to use in this system is the financial data of GCC stock market. The resulted data can be used in further steps to make better understanding of stock market companies behavior such as the statistical, data mining calculation for choosing the best period of time that give the best reaction of stock market ratios to the news indicators and using the vector measure construction method (VMCM) for classifying companies according to their response to the news.
Not All Sparks Light a Fire: Stakeholder and Shareholder Reactions to Critical Events in Contested Markets

This paper examines when and how a critical mass of social and political stakeholders mobilizes against a corporate organization and the impact of such mobilization on the organization's market value. Our study employs a dataset of more than 51,000 media reported events describing the interactions among almost 2,300 political, social, and economic stakeholders and 19 gold mining firms trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange and operating mines in emerging markets around the world. We first examine the conditions and dynamics that explain whether an isolated, stakeholder initiated negative statement or action a "spark" or critical event goes unnoticed or escalates into a cascade of stakeholder reactions targeting the firm. Second, we examine whether such sparks and the ensuing cascades of stakeholder reactions affect shareholders' valuation of the firm. We argue and show empirically that both stakeholders' and shareholders' reactions following critical events are largely influenced by stakeholders' prior beliefs about the target organization and by peer stakeholders' reactions to the critical event. Stakeholders with positive beliefs about the firm before the critical event mobilize to defend it, and those with negative prior beliefs reinforce their opposition. Shareholders also take note of the other stakeholders' prior beliefs and react negatively to critical events if the firm has a history of conflict with its stakeholders. Thus unconnected or loosely connected stakeholders who reveal their beliefs about a firm through public statements and actions influence each other's reactions to critical events and shareholders' assessments of the firm's value.
The Evolution of E Learning and New Trends

The electronic learning (E Learning) considered as computer assisted learning has been around since the 1960s but its adoption and popularization mainly started after the popularization of the internet and the web. Since its introduction till present days the e learning rapidly evolved regarding the technology and the e learning methods/tools used. Having in mind that it has many benefits for the teacher/instructors from one side and the learners on the other, the e learning found its application in education, business and the military or wherever is needed. The purpose of this paper is to outline, examine and discuss the evolution, the current state and the new trends in e learning. The research showed that there is abundance of available technology and e learning tools that foster and support the learning process. It is evident that e learning is widely used in education and business and it is expected to grow further. On the other hand there is insufficient evidence of the particular effectiveness of the various pedagogical methodologies used for e learning. Current state in e learning and prevailing new trends form the foundations for future direction and development of this field for educational and training purposes. These trends include but are not limited to: blended learning, micro learning, gasification, personalized learning, Massive Open Online Courses, etc.
An ancient dental gene set governs development and continuous regeneration of teeth in sharks.
Venue: Developmental biology

The evolution of oral teeth is considered a major contributor to the overall success of jawed vertebrates. This is especially apparent in cartilaginous fishes including sharks and rays, which develop elaborate arrays of highly specialized teeth, organized in rows and retain the capacity for life long regeneration. Perpetual regeneration of oral teeth has been either lost or highly reduced in many other lineages including important developmental model species, so cartilaginous fishes are uniquely suited for deep comparative analyses of tooth development and regeneration. Additionally, sharks and rays can offer crucial insights into the characters of the dentition in the ancestor of all jawed vertebrates. Despite this, tooth development and regeneration in chondrichthyans is poorly understood and remains virtually uncharacterized from a developmental genetic standpoint. Using the emerging chondrichthyan model, the catshark (Scyliorhinus spp. we characterized the expression of genes homologous to those known to be expressed during stages of early dental competence, tooth initiation, morphogenesis, and regeneration in bony vertebrates. We have found that expression patterns of several genes from Hh, Wnt/b catenin, Bmp and Fgf signalling pathways indicate deep conservation over ~450 million years of tooth development and regeneration. We describe how these genes participate in the initial emergence of the shark dentition and how they are redeployed during regeneration of successive tooth generations. We suggest that at the dawn of the vertebrate lineage, teeth (i) were most likely continuously regenerative structures, and (ii) utilised a core set of genes from members of key developmental signalling pathways that were instrumental in creating a dental legacy redeployed throughout vertebrate evolution. These data lay the foundation for further experimental investigations utilizing the unique regenerative capacity of chondrichthyan models to answer evolutionary, developmental, and regenerative biological questions that are impossible to explore in classical models.
Sox2+ progenitors in sharks link taste development with the evolution of regenerative teeth from denticles
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Oral teeth and skin denticles share a deep, 450 million year old, evolutionary relationship among vertebrates. We investigate how teeth evolved from simpler denticles using sharks as an evolutionary developmental model. The striking ability of shark teeth to regenerate rapidly and continuously is not shared by denticles, and we suggest that this difference is related to the tooth specific expression of the stem cell factor sox2. We show that epithelial progenitors of the shark dentition share a remarkable developmental relationship with taste buds. We suggest that teeth arose by combining the gene regulatory network for producing simple denticles with that for producing the highly regenerative taste buds in the oral cavity. Teeth and denticles belong to a specialized class of mineralizing epithelial appendages called odontodes. Although homology of oral teeth in jawed vertebrates is well supported, the evolutionary origin of teeth and their relationship with other odontode types is less clear. We compared the cellular and molecular mechanisms directing development of teeth and skin denticles in sharks, where both odontode types are retained. We show that teeth and denticles are deeply homologous developmental modules with equivalent underlying odontode gene regulatory networks (GRNs) Notably, the expression of the epithelial progenitor and stem cell marker sex determining region Y related box 2 (sox2) was tooth specific and this correlates with notable differences in odontode regenerative ability. Whereas shark teeth retain the ancestral gnathostome character of continuous successional regeneration, new denticles arise only asynchronously with growth or after wounding. Sox2+ putative stem cells associated with the shark dental lamina (DL) emerge from a field of epithelial progenitors shared with anteriormost taste buds, before establishing within slow cycling cell niches at the (i) superficial taste/tooth junction (T/TJ) and (ii) deep successional lamina (SL) where tooth regeneration initiates. Furthermore, during regeneration, cells from the superficial T/TJ migrate into the SL and contribute to new teeth, demonstrating persistent contribution of taste associated progenitors to tooth regeneration in vivo. This data suggests a trajectory for tooth evolution involving cooption of the odontode GRN from nonregenerating denticles by sox2+ progenitors native to the oral taste epithelium, facilitating the evolution of a novel regenerative module of odontodes in the mouth of early jawed vertebrates: the teeth.
The foreign direct investment economic growth nexus

The nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth has been a long standing debate from mixed empirical findings. There is also a possibility of a bi directional relationship between FDI and economic growth. This paper investigates FDI growth associations using a simultaneous system of equations approach of 124 cross country data for the period 1971 2010. Results from the estimation indicate that overall effects of FDI are positively associated with growth and vice versa; whereas labor force, trade openness and economic freedom are other key determinants of FDI, which in turn stimulate income growth further.