nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A 6 year follow up of a large European cohort of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined subtype: outcomes in late adolescence and young adulthood
Venue: European Child Adolescent Psychiatry

There are very few studies on the long term outcome of children and adolescents with ADHD combined type in Europe. The objective of the present study is to assess the 6 year outcome (including pharmacological treatment) of a large cohort of participants with ADHD combined type (N 347, mean age 11.4 years) in late adolescence and early adulthood. At study entry and follow up (mean age 17.4 years) participants were comprehensively assessed on ADHD and comorbid disorders by structured psychiatric interviews and multi informant questionnaires. Overall functioning was assessed by the Children's Global Assessment Scale. The retention rate was 75.6 The majority of participants (86.5 persisted in a DSM 5 ADHD diagnosis, 8.4 had a subthreshold diagnosis, and 5.1 remitted from the disorder at follow up. Comorbidities decreased strongly; oppositional defiant disorder: 58 31 conduct disorder: 19 7 At follow up, mood and anxiety disorders were virtually non existent following strict criteria (1 3 Percentage of children having had pharmacological treatment at any time increased from 79 to 91 On the Children's Global Assessment Scale, 48.5 of participants were still functionally impaired at follow up. Parental ADHD, higher ADHD symptom severity at baseline and higher parent reported impairment at baseline positively predicted current ADHD symptom severity (R2 20.9 Younger baseline age, higher ADHD symptom severity at baseline and higher parent reported impairment at baseline were positively associated with poorer overall functioning (R2 17.8 Pharmacological treatment had no (beneficial) impact on either ADHD symptom severity or overall functioning. Results confirm that ADHD is largely persistent into late adolescence with severity and family history for the disorder as important risk factors.
Girls' and boys' experience with teen sexting in early and late adolescence.
Venue: Journal of adolescence

This study explored the extent to which sexting represents a problematic behavior in early and late adolescence. Using data from the EU Kids Online II project (17,016 participants aged 11 16 from 25 European countries, 49.7% boys) multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for four groups: younger girls, older girls, younger boys, and older boys. Irrespective of age and gender, sexting was associated with emotional problems and alcohol use. Its effect decreased in older adolescents, except for emotional difficulties, which remained relatively high in older boys. Vaginal sex was associated with sexting in both younger and older boys while, in girls, the association was observed only in the older group. Younger boys with higher self efficacy were more likely to send sexts than those with lower self efficacy. Although sexting is associated with psychological challenges and other types of risk behavior, sexting in some younger boys may not necessarily represent problematic behavior.
Effect of Therapeutic Touch in Patients with Cancer: a Literature Review
Venue: Medical archives

The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) techniques has been growing. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine places therapeutic touch (TT) into the category of bio field energy. This literature review is aimed at critically evaluating the data from clinical trials examining the clinical efficacy of therapeutic touch as a supportive care modality in adult patients with cancer.  Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Scholar Google, and Science Direct) were searched from the year 1990 to 2015 to locate potentially relevant peer reviewed articles using the key words therapeutic touch, touch therapy, neoplasm, cancer, and CAM. Additionally, relevant journals and references of all the located articles were manually searched for other potentially relevant studies.  The number of 334 articles was found on the basis of the key words, of which 17 articles related to the clinical trial were examined in accordance with the objectives of the study. A total of 6 articles were in the final dataset in which several examples of the positive effects of healing touch on pain, nausea, anxiety and fatigue, and life quality and also on biochemical parameters were observed.  Based on the results of this study, an affirmation can be made regarding the use of TT, as a non invasive intervention for improving the health status in patients with cancer. Moreover, therapeutic touch was proved to be a useful strategy for adult patients with cancer.
Therapeutic Touch((r) in a geriatric Palliative Care Unit A retrospective review.
Venue: Complementary therapies in clinical practice

Complementary therapies are increasingly used in palliative care as an adjunct to the standard management of symptoms to achieve an overall well being for patients with malignant and non malignant terminal illnesses. A Therapeutic Touch Program was introduced to a geriatric Palliative Care Unit (PCU) in October 2010 with two volunteer Therapeutic Touch Practitioners providing treatment.  To conduct a retrospective review of Therapeutic Touch services provided to patients in an in patient geriatric palliative care unit in order to understand their responses to Therapeutic Touch.  A retrospective medical chart review was conducted on both patients who received Therapeutic Touch as well as a random selection of patients who did not receive Therapeutic Touch from October 2010 June 2013. Client characteristics and the Therapeutic Touch Practitioners' observations of the patients' response to treatment were collected and analyzed.  Patients who did not receive Therapeutic Touch tended to have lower admitting Palliative Performance Scale scores, shorter length of stay and were older. Based on a sample of responses provided by patients and observed by the Therapeutic Touch practitioner, the majority of patients receiving treatment achieved a state of relaxation or sleep.  This retrospective chart review suggests that implementation of a TT program for an inpatient geriatric Palliative Care Unit is feasible, and appears to be safe, and well tolerated. Moreover, patient responses, as recorded in the Therapeutic Touch practitioners' session notes, suggest beneficial effects of Therapeutic Touch for a significant number of participants with no evidence of negative sequelae. Therefore, the use of TT in this difficult setting appears to have potential value as an adjunct or complementary therapy to help patients relax.
WITHDRAWN: Therapeutic touch for healing acute wounds.
Venue: The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

Therapeutic Touch (TT) is an alternative therapy that has gained popularity over the past two decades for helping wounds to heal. Practitioners enter a meditative state and pass their hands above the patient's body to find and correct any imbalances in the patient's 'life energy' or chi. Scientific instruments have been unable to detect this energy. The effect of TT on wound healing has been expounded in anecdotal publications.  To identify and review all relevant data to determine the effects of TT on healing acute wounds.  In January 2014, for this fifth update, we searched The Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library) Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE ( Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL.  All randomised or quasi randomised controlled trials, which compared the effect of TT with a placebo, another treatment, or no treatment control were considered. Studies which used TT as a stand alone treatment, or as an adjunct to other therapies, were eligible.  One author (DO'M) determined the eligibility for inclusion of all trials in the review. Both authors conducted data extraction and evaluation of trial validity independently. Each trial was assessed using predetermined criteria.  No new trials were identified for this update. Four trials in people with experimental wounds were included. The effect of TT on wound healing in these studies was variable. Two trials (n 44 24) demonstrated a significant increase in healing associated with TT, while one trial found significantly worse healing after TT and the other found no significant difference. All trials are at high risk of bias.  There is no robust evidence that TT promotes healing of acute wounds.
THE POTENTIAL INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF MICROALGAE AND MACROALGAE ON PROTEASE ACTIVITIES OF ARGYROSOMUS REGIUS (PISCES, SCIANIDAE) LARVAE USING IN VITRO ASSAYS

The aim of this research was to gather preliminary data about the potential inhibitory effects of microalgae and macroalgae on protease activities of meagre larvae using in vitro techniques. Three microalgae (Chlorella sp. Spirulina sp. Schizochytrium sp. and two macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Sargassum sp. were tested in the present study. Pooled samples of meagre larvae fed on commercial feeding procedure were collected thirteen times from 3 to 32 days after hatching (DAH) All tests were carried out in triplicates. The differences observed in the total length and weight values were statistically significant (p 0.05) The lowest and highest weights were 0.54+ 0.02 mg (3 DAH) and 89.21+ 0.91 mg (32 DAH) respectively. The lowest and highest total length values were 3.22+ 0.02 mm (3 DAH) and 20.95+ 0.3 mm (32 DAH) The differences in protease activities of meagre larvae during the sampling period were statistically significant (p< 0.05) The highest and lowest protease activities of meagre larvae were 393.97+ 7.9 U/mg protein (7 DAH) and 9.64+ 1.25 U/mg protein (20 DAH) respectively. The greatest sensitivity to protease inhibitors present in the assayed algae was observed in Chlorella sp. with more inhibitions than 45% The highest inhibitions of Schizochytrium sp. Spirulina sp. and Chlorella sp. were observed at 3, 5 and 10 DAH, respectively. The lowest inhibitions of Chlorella sp. Schizochytrium sp. and Spirulina sp. were found at 5, 10 and 12 DAH, respectively. The highest and lowest inhibitions of Ulva sp. and Sargassum sp. were determined at 5 and 20 DAH, respectively. Spirulina sp. Schizochytrium sp. and Ulva sp. had lower inhibitions than 45% except for 3, 5, 7 and 17 DAH. However, the inhibition values of Chlorela sp. were more than 45% from 3 to 32 DAH. The inhibitions of Sargassum sp. were determined as more than 45% except for 15,20,22,25 and 27 DAH. In conclusion Spirulina sp. Schizochytrium sp. and Ulva sp. can be used as feed ingredient in commercial diets of meagre larvae from 10 to 32 DAH except for 17 DAH. Chlorella sp. doesn't seem to be suitable. Sargassum sp. can be used as feed ingredient from 15 to 32 DAH except for more inhibitions than 45% Future researches must be conducted on feed ingredients exhibiting lower inhibitions on protease activities of marine fish larvae.
Ball bearing test rig research and fault diagnosis investigation

This study designed and implemented a bearing test rig with which four major features can be tested: axial and radial load, inner ring radial thrust and speed. This test rig can be used to observe forces being applied to the bearing. Replacements can also be quickly made according to bearing specifications. Optimisation of the four major features can be done using the orthogonal arrays of the Taguchi method. The contribution of vibration signals is analysed using the scientific method while the bearing is subjected to different forces. The different vibration signal modes are used for the detection of bearing faults using a method based on the Chen Lee chaos system and fractal theory. The extension theory is used for intelligent fault diagnosis. The final experimental results obtained show that under different fault point diameters, the diagnostic rate can be up to 99% and the overall fault diagnostic rate achieved was 92%
Simulating and Optimizing Auto Thermal Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas Using a Non Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II Method

Conventional synthesis gas production plants consist of a natural gas steam reforming to CO 3H2 on Ni catalysts in a furnace. An alternative method for highly endothermic steam reforming is auto thermal reforming. In this work, synthesis gas production by auto thermal reforming was simulated based on a heterogeneous and one dimensional model in two cases. The first case was the auto thermal reformer of Dias and Assaf's study. The present work was validated by the reported experimental results. The second case was the fixed bed catalytic auto thermal reactor operated at high pressure, which was suitable for methanol production and Fischer Tropsch reactions (baseline case) Then, the effect of operating variables on the system behavior was studied. Finally, Pareto optimal solutions were determined by non dominated sorting genetic algorithm II. The objectives included obtaining a H2/CO ratio of 2 in the produced synthesis gas and the maximum methane conversion. The adjustable parameters were the feed temperature, mass flux, and O2/CH4 and H2O/CH4 ratios in the feed.
Simulating and Optimizing Hydrogen Production by Low pressure Autothermal Reforming of Natural Gas using Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II

Environmental considerations will probably change automobile fuels from gasoline and gas oil to hydrogen (as fuel cell) in the future. Problems of fossil fuels include producing gaseous pollutants, such as NOx, CO, and even SO2 (from incomplete hydrotreated fuels) which need catalytic converters and greenhouse gas emission (such as CO2, CH4, N2O) from the exhaust with a drastic effect on global warming1. Hydrogen usage in fuel cells generates only harmless water vapor2. Another future promising application of hydrogen fuel cells may be in small power plants without pollutants or greenhouse gas emission. Nowadays, power plants of industrial countries are coal based with high SO2, NOx, CO2, mercury, and fly ash emissions. Flue gas desulfurization of such power plants with CaO (dry method) or Ca(OH)2 (wet method) is a costly process3. In addition, SO2 reaction with lime shows pore mouth closure and incomplete conversion problems due to high molar volume ratio of CaSO4 to CaO4. The environmental preference of natural gas in terms of producing hydrogen over coal is a very interesting issue. Natural gas sweetening is very simple, whereas coal desulfurization is almost impossible. Moreover, the amount of greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions from natural gas based combustion is about 45 of coal based power plants5,6. Industrial hydrogen production plants are usually based on catalytic steam reforming (SR) of natural gas to synthesis gas (CO+3H2) water gas shift reaction for converting CO into CO2, CO2 absorption, and methanation of trace remaining carbon oxides7. Conventional steam reforming is a highly endothermic reaction and needs a big top fired or side fired furnace for external heating of Ni packed tubes8. Steam reforming by methane as the feed stock has been extensively studied in the literature9 12. Another method for producing hydrogen or synthesizing gas from natural gas is partial oxidation method. This method includes a highly exothermic reaction with hot spot, sintering of active catalyst sites, and even run away problems13 15. An interesting alternative for steam reforming is the autothermal reforming method with internal heat generation by oxygen or air injection to the steam reforming system and elimination of its costly furnace16,17. ATR (autothermal reforming) combines thermal effects of partial oxidation and steam reforming reactions by feeding natural gas, water vapor, and air (or oxygen) into the reactor. Steam reforming and oxidation of methane occur simultaSimulating and Optimizing Hydrogen Production by Low pressure Autothermal Reforming of Natural Gas using Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II
A Depiction of the Consequences of Racism in Canadian Immigration Policy

Foster's fictional Toronto. Space permits no more than a cursory analysis of why Blacks immigrate to Canada in large numbers. The author complements his analysis of Sleep on, Beloved with information from A Place Called Heaven and uses the latter to provide a context for the former. The exigencies of form the novel and the essay notwithstanding, the author does not feel that this approach distorts Foster's intentions inasmuch as Foster told the author that the single goal of his writing is to faithfully record and interpret reality to the best of his ability. It is worth noting too that in A Place Called Heaven, Foster's sense of life, which forms the psycho epistemological foundation for his works, is expressed in minute detail. Underlying the analysis is the notion that place, unless the artist is inept, is always a major trope.
The chronology and tectonic style of landscape evolution along the elevated Atlantic continental margin of South Africa resolved by joint apatite fission track and (U Th Sm)/He thermochronology

Atlantic type continental margins have long been considered "passive" tectonic settings throughout the entire postrift phase. Recent studies question the long term stability of these margins and have shown that postrift uplift and reactivation of preexisting structures may be a common feature of a continental margin's evolution. The Namaqualand sector of the western continental margin of South Africa is characterized by a ubiquitously faulted basement but lacks preservation of younger geological strata to constrain postrift tectonic fault activity. Here we present the first systematic study using joint apatite fission track and apatite (U Th Sm)/He thermochronology to achieve a better understanding on the chronology and tectonic style of landscape evolution across this region. Apatite fission track ages range from 58.3 2.6 to 132.2 3.6Ma, with mean track lengths between 10.9 0.19 and 14.35 0.22 mm, and mean (U Th Sm)/He sample ages range from 55.8 31.3 to 120.6 31.4Ma. Joint inverse modeling of these data reveals two distinct episodes of cooling at approximately 150 130Ma and 110 90Ma with limited cooling during the Cenozoic. Estimates of denudation based on these thermal histories predict approximately 1 3 km of denudation coinciding with two major tectonic events. The first event, during the Early Cretaceous, was driven by continental rifting and the development and removal of synrift topography. The second event, during the Late Cretaceous, includes localized reactivation of basement structures as well as regional mantle driven uplift. Relative tectonic stability prevailed during the Cenozoic, and regional denudation over this time is constrained to be less than 1 km.
Apatite fission track evidence for the Cretaceous Cenozoic cooling history of the Qilian Shan (NW China) and for stepwise northeastward growth of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau since early Eocene

Apatite fission track (AFT) data from hinterland of the Qilian Shan at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau suggest this range has experienced northeastward propagation of surface uplift since early Eocene and that crustal shortening occurred in the Qilian Shan before the late Miocene. Thermochronometry data indicate that the Qilian Shan experienced a three stage cooling history, including: (1) rapid initial cooling during Cretaceous; (2) a stage of slow cooling during late Cretaceous early Eocene; and (3) rapid stepwise cooling in a southwestern northeastern orientation since early Eocene. Cretaceous rapid cooling may be a record of the Lhasa block and Eurasian collision. Early Cretaceous denudation was followed by tectonic and quasi isothermal quiescence that continued until early Eocene. Early Eocene rapid cooling in the South Qilian Shan may be the first far field response in the Qilian Shan to the collision and convergence of the Indian and Eurasian continents. From late Eocene to middle Miocene, crustal shortening propagated into the Central Qilian Shan and North Qilian Shan and produced surface uplift of the entire Qilian Shan region before the late Miocene. This study provides a better understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan and when the far field stress from the India Eurasia collision into the northeastern Tibetan Plateau began.
Exhumation sequence of the basement thrust units in the west centralPyrenees. Constraints from apatite fission track analysis

Compilation of new and published apatite fission track data along a transect of the west central Pyrenees shows that exhumation across the Partial Annealing Zone ~120 60degC) started during the mid Eocene in the North Pyrenean Zone and migrated southward to reach the southern edge of the Axial Zone during the early Miocene. An early Miocene stage of exhumation is also detected in the northern part of the Axial Zone, indicating a late pop up thrust reactivation of the Axial Zone.
External providers and their impact on primary physical education in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Within Aotearoa/New Zealand primary schools, External Providers (EPs) have steadily increased their influence on physical education. The purpose of this study was to explore and interpret classroom teachers' perspectives of EPs in their primary school. The research team obtained questionnaire responses from 487 classroom teachers from 133 different primary and intermediate schools in six regions across Aotearoa/New Zealand. In addition, 33 classroom teachers, selected from the six regions as a purposive sample [Patton, M. Q. (2002) Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed. Newbury, CA: Sage] were interviewed. The research utilised a case study design [Stake, R. E. (2005) Qualitative case studies. In N. Denzin Y. Lincoln (Eds. The sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage] and incorporated a mixed methods approach [Greene, J. C. (2007) Mixed methods in social inquiry.  Bass] Our findings support the belief that EPs are established as major providers of physical education and sport in the primary schools space. Teachers identified a large number of EPs (n 638) active in their schools. A number of categories were drawn from the interviews: Prevalence of EPs, Expertise and professional development (PD) Valued programs, Evaluation and assessment of EP provided programs and Pedagogical limitations. The teachers valued the EPs for their expertise, PD and the opportunities for students to experience a wide range of sports. However, schools conducted little assessment or evaluation of the programs. Teachers expressed some criticisms around the pedagogical approaches used and the EPs' lack of knowledge of the curriculum. As a profession it is our responsibility to ensure that all students experience quality physical education programs and that EPs are working in ways that maximise the benefits for our students.
Computational thinking the skill set of the 21st century

Computational thinking is a relatively new term, and is the topic of much discussion in the educational realm today. Research shows that computational thinking is a highly valuable skill that is becoming a topic of increasing interest among computational education researchers, as well as computer scientists. The reason for this is due to the significant benefits associated with it in terms of problem solving. This review begins with an introduction to computational thinking as a term, and gives some characteristics surrounding the skill set. We then examine the benefits and advantages of computational thinking in general, and areas in which it may be applied. We also explore the importance of computational thinking in education and teaching practice, specifically at years 1 13, and note areas in which this is currently being implemented. We also search for the use of computational thinking in Kaupapa Maori, again noting current work in this area. Finally, we make recommendations for the inclusion of computational thinking as a core topic in primary and secondary education.