nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Living Organ Donation by Minors: An Analysis of the Regulations in European Union Member States
Venue: American journal of transplantation official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

Living organ donation (LD) is an increasingly established practice. Whereas in the United States and Canada LD by minors has occasionally been reported, LD by minors seems to be largely absent in the European Union (EU) It is currently unclear whether this is the result of a different legal approach. This study is the first to systematically analyze the regulations of EU member states, Norway, and Iceland toward LD by minors. Relevant regulations were identified by searching government websites, translated, compared, and sent for verification to national legal experts. We identified five countries where LD by minors is allowed. In two of these (Belgium and the United Kingdom) some minors may be deemed sufficiently mature to make an autonomous decision regarding LD. In contrast, in the three other countries (Luxembourg, Norway, and Sweden) LD by minors is only allowed subject to parental permission and the assent (or absence of objection) of the donor. Where allowed, regulations differ significantly with regard to the substantive and procedural safeguards in place. In view of the controversial nature of the procedure, as illustrated by recent reports and surveys, we argue for a very cautious approach and greater harmonization in countries where LD by minors is allowed.
Living tissue and organ donation by minors

Whether living tissue and donation by minors is acceptable is the subject of considerable debate. In view of the vulnerable position of minors, the risks involved in the medical procedure, and the possible conflict of interests on the part of the parents, the legal approach in Europe has traditionally been very restrictive. However, this approach may raise concerns when a situation would arise where donation by a minor would still be in that person's best interests. Moreover, a very restrictive approach may be difficult to reconcile with the requirement to give due weight to the views of minors in accordance with their age and maturity. In the light of these considerations, this article examines whether there is room to improve the way in which living tissue and organ donation by minors is currently regulated across Europe. We first sketch the debate about the acceptability of using minors as living donors and explore its potential clinical need. Subsequently, we assess whether international legal instruments and guidelines offer any guidance to address the issues raised. This is followed by an analysis of the legal situation in the United States. Finally, we examine in detail the legal situation in Europe. To that aim, relevant regulations were compiled, translated, and analyzed in close cooperation with national legal experts. By way of conclusion, we compare the legal approach followed in the great majority of European countries with the one preferred in the United States and make suggestions to amend European transplant regulations to better protect the interests of minors.
Rockonomics Revisited: The Rise of Music Streaming Services and the Effect on the Concert Industry

According to Krueger (2005) the main reason for concert ticket prices for popular music to show a sharp increase between 1996 and 2003 is that artists felt less con strained from increasing prices due to the erosion of the complementary relation ship with album sales. This paper continues his analysis in a more current context by focusing on how the rise of music streaming services has influenced concert ticket prices and revenues, while also providing a brief analysis on the effects of the eco nomic crisis.
Fairness constraints on profit seeking: evidence from the German club concert industry

Unlike Kahneman et al.  iconic snow shovel, live music is a performance good that fans attach a particular value to. Hence, an artist's pricing decision might differ from standard rent seeking behavior. In this paper, I propose a model that incorporates fairness concerns into the pricing decision for concert tickets. The hypotheses derived from this model are tested on data from the German club concert industry. The results are consistent with the model: Although (1) price dispersion is the dominant pricing strategy in the club concert industry and artists prefer to perform on a Friday or Saturday night, (2) artists do not set higher prices on the weekend. These results are consistent with fairness constraints, but are difficult to explain within a standard profit maximization framework. As a third result, (3) the data reveal that ticket prices are positively correlated with a city's number of inhabitants
Prospective Cohort Study to Elucidate the Correlation between Occupational Stress and Hypertension Risk in Oil Workers from Kelamayi City in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China
Venue: International journal of environmental research and public health

The purpose of this study was to assess the major risk factors for hypertension in oil workers, and investigate the effect of occupational stress on the incidence of hypertension after controlling for other risk factors. A prospective cohort approach was used following enrollment of 1354 oil workers. The occupational stress experienced by oil workers was higher than for the general population in China. By the end of the cohort study, 231 new cases of hypertension among the oil workers had been diagnosed. The cumulative incidence of hypertension was 17.06% There were 44, 112, and 75 workers who developed hypertension in the low, intermediate, and high occupational stress groups, which represented a 12.0% 15.6% and 20.3% cumulative incidence, respectively (chi square value 9.812, p 0.01) Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis showed that type of work, cigarette smoking, excess body weight, and obesity were risk factors for hypertension (p 0.05) After risk factors such as type of work, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI) were controlled, the hypertension risk (hazard ratio, HR) in the high occupational stress group was 1.549 (1.072 2.236) compared to the low exposure group, and 2.337 (1.191 4.585) in female subjects. Our study indicated that an increase in occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of hypertension after other factors were adjusted.
[Current status regarding the cardiovascular disease related risk levels among the hypertensive population of different ethnicities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China]
Venue: Zhonghua yi xue za zhi

To assess the status of the cardiovascular disease associated risk levels among hypertensive population of Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, in Xinjiang Uygur Autonornous Region, to guide hypertension prevention and treatment in different ethnicities.  Four stages random cluster sampling method was used, and all the data was collected from Xinjiang local residents aged over 18 between October 2007 and March 2010.  A total of 14 618 subjects completed this survey, in which 2 654 Han, 1 612 Uygur and 2034 Kazakh people diagnosed with hypertension was included in this research. Most of them were"grade 1 hypertension" and the percentage of grade 3 hypertension was Han (19.1% Uygur (17.3% and Kazakh (32.3% respectively. Majority hypertensive people accompanied with 1 risk factor. The risk proportions of low, medium, high and very high in hypertension population of different ethnicities were Han (19.4% 34.6% 46.1% Uygur (17.7% 37.6% 44.7% Kazakh (12.5% 38.0% 49.4% respectively. In Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, the percentage of high risk and very high risk was highest in hypertensive men aged over 60 years old.The percentages of hypertension awareness were 42.0% 45.6% 46.5% and percentages of medicine therapy were 29.6% 23.4% 25.2% for Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities, respectively.  Hypertensive people among Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnicities in Xinjiang are mainly under high risk and very high risk situation of cardiovascular disease, especially in men aged =60. The percentage of hypertension awareness and medicine therapy in high risk and very high risk population is the highest, while percentage of awareness in medium risk population is low.
Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension in the Labor Force Population in China: Results from a Cross sectional Survey in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Venue: Biomedical and environmental sciences BES

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertension and identify its contributory factors in the labor force population in Karamay. A total of 2819 adults (55.9% male adults) were interviewed and examined. The overall crude prevalence of hypertension was 32.4% Among 914 hypertensive patients, 34.8% were aware of their diagnosis, 22.1% received treatment, and 5.6% achieved blood pressure control. Hypertension was significantly correlated with age, overweight/obesity, central obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in both men and women. In addition, less education, alcohol consumption, and less walking were risk factors for men. Effective hypertension prevention and control programs are urgently needed to decrease the burden of hypertension in this region.
Numerical Study on Transitional Flows Using a Correlation Based Transition Model

A correlation based transition model is assessed against distinct test cases. The configurations include a zero pressure gradient flat plate, a single element aeronautical airfoil, a multielement high lift airfoil and a wing body configuration. These test cases are selected in order to cover different transition mechanisms in increasingly complex scenarios. The simulations are performed considering the compressible preconditioned Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes equations, which are one of the options offered by the CFD+ finite volume solver. Turbulence closure is achieved with the shear stress transport model. This turbulence model is augmented by a transition model based on two additional transport equations: one for the intermittency, and another for the momentum thickness Reynolds number. Flow parameters, such as freestream turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale, or the eddy viscosity ratio, have important effects on transition onset and extension of the transition region. Mesh refinement an.
Complex network approach to classifying classical piano compositions

Complex network has been regarded as a useful tool handling systems with vague interactions. Hence, numerous applications have arised. In this paper we construct complex networks for 770 classical piano compositions of Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin based on musical note pitches and lengths. We find prominent distinctions among network edges of different composers. Some stylized facts can be explained by such parameters of network structures and topologies. Further, we propose two classification methods for music styles and genres according to the discovered distinctions. These methods are easy to implement and the results are sound. This work suggests that complex network could be a decent way to analyze the characteristics of musical notes, since it could provide a deep view into understanding of the relationships among notes in musical compositions and evidence for classification of different composers, styles and genres of music.
A Survey on Gas Leakage Source Detection and Boundary Tracking with Wireless Sensor Networks
Venue: IEEE Access

Gas leakage source detection and boundary tracking of continuous objects have received a significant research attention in the academic as well as the industries due to the loss and damage caused by toxic gas leakage in large scale petrochemical plants. With the advance and rapid adoption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the last decades, source localization and boundary estimation have became the priority of research works. In addition, an accurate boundary estimation is a critical issue due to the fast movement, changing shape, and invisibility of the gas leakage compared with the other single object detections. We present various gas diffusion models used in the literature that offer the effective computational approaches to measure the gas concentrations in the large area. In this paper, we compare the continuous object localization and boundary detection schemes with respect to complexity, energy consumption, and estimation accuracy. Moreover, this paper presents the research directions for existing and future gas leakage source localization and boundary estimation schemes with WSNs.
Comparing Natural Gas Leakage Detection Technologies Using an Open Source "Virtual Gas Field" Simulator.
Venue: Environmental science technology

We present a tool for modeling the performance of methane leak detection and repair programs that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of detection technologies and proposed mitigation policies. The tool uses a two state Markov model to simulate the evolution of methane leakage from an artificial natural gas field. Leaks are created stochastically, drawing from the current understanding of the frequency and size distributions at production facilities. Various leak detection and repair programs can be simulated to determine the rate at which each would identify and repair leaks. Integrating the methane leakage over time enables a meaningful comparison between technologies, using both economic and environmental metrics. We simulate four existing or proposed detection technologies: flame ionization detection, manual infrared camera, automated infrared drone, and distributed detectors. Comparing these four technologies, we found that over 80% of simulated leakage could be mitigated with a positive net present value, although the maximum benefit is realized by selectively targeting larger leaks. Our results show that low cost leak detection programs can rely on high cost technology, as long as it is applied in a way that allows for rapid detection of large leaks. Any strategy to reduce leakage should require a careful consideration of the differences between low cost technologies and low cost programs.
HIERARCHICAL BAYESIAN CURVE FITTING AND MODEL CHOICE FOR SPATIAL DATA

A model choice criterion is developed and applied to spatial smoothing and curve fitting problems. The underlying regression function is modelled as the sum of a polynomial with random coefficients and a Gaussian random process by expanding it in a Taylor series. Two nested models, a nonadditive full model and an additive reduced model, are thus obtained for the data depending on whether the mixed partial derivatives of the regression function are retained in the model. The problem is then formulated as a general linear model and a hierarchical Bayesian approach is used to study it. This approach readily lends itself to the development of a model choice criterion by examining the Bayes factor of the full nonadditive model relative to the reduced additive model. Once the model is chosen, the hierarchical Bayesian approach is again available for curve fitting and smoothing based on this model. Simulated and real applications are provided for illustrating the methodology.
Multi spectral palmprint recognition based on oriented multiscale log Gabor filters
Venue: Neurocomputing

Among several palmprint recognition methods proposed recently, coding based approaches using multi spectral palmprint images are attractive owing to their high recognition rates. Aiming to further improve the performance of these approaches, this paper presents a novel multi spectral palmprint recognition approach based on oriented multiscale log Gabor filters. The proposed method aims to enhance the recognition performances by proposing novel solutions at three stages of the recognition process. Inspired by the bitwise competitive coding, the feature extraction employs a multi resolution log Gabor filtering where the final feature map is composed of the winning codes of the lowest filters' bank response. The matching process employs a bitwise Hamming distance and Kullback Leibler divergence as novel metrics to enable an efficient capture of the intra and inter similarities between palmprint feature maps. Finally, the decision stage is carried pout using a fusion of the scores generated from different spectral bands to reduce overlapping. In addition, a fusion of the feature maps through two proposed novel feature fusion techniques to allow us to eliminate the inherent redundancy of the features of neighboring spectral bands is also proposed. The experimental results obtained using the multi spectral palmprint database MS PolyU have shown that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in mono spectral and multi spectral recognition performances for both verification and identification modes; and also outperforms the state of the art methods.
Automated vision system for fabric defect inspection using Gabor filters and PCNN
Venue: SpringerPlus

In this study, an embedded machine vision system using Gabor filters and Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN) is developed to identify defects of warp knitted fabrics automatically. The system consists of smart cameras and a Human Machine Interface (HMI) controller. A hybrid detection algorithm combing Gabor filters and PCNN is running on the SOC processor of the smart camera. First, Gabor filters are employed to enhance the contrast of images captured by a CMOS sensor. Second, defect areas are segmented by PCNN with adaptive parameter setting. Third, smart cameras will notice the controller to stop the warp knitting machine once defects are found out. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid method is superior to Gabor and wavelet methods on detection accuracy. Actual operations in a textile factory verify the effectiveness of the inspection system.
Automatic segmentation of coronary arteries using Gabor filters and thresholding based on multiobjective optimization
Venue: Biomed. Signal Process. Control.

This paper presents a new method consisting of two stages for automatic detection and segmentation of coronary arteries in X ray angiograms. In the first stage, multiscale Gabor filters are used to detect vessel structures in the angiograms. The results of multiscale Gabor filtering are compared with those obtained by applying multiscale methods based on the top hat operator, Hessian matrix, and Gaussian matched filters. The performance of the vessel detection methods is evaluated through the area A z under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In the second stage, coronary arteries are segmented by binarizing the magnitude response of Gabor filters using a new thresholding method based on multiobjective optimization, which is compared with seven thresholding methods. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value are used to analyze the segmentation methods, by comparing the results to the ground truth markings of the vessels drawn by a specialist. Finally, the proposed method is compared with seven state of the art vessel segmentation methods. The result of vessel detection using multiscale Gabor filters demonstrated high accuracy with A z 0.961 with a training set of 40 angiograms and A z 0.952 with an independent test set of 40 angiograms. The results of vessel segmentation with the multiobjective thresholding method provided an average accuracy of 0.881 with the test set of angiograms.
An Integration of Family and School on Strengthening the Character of Teenager in Indonesia: It's a Must

Juvenile delinquencies that have increased in the last few years among teenagers in Indonesia need some integrative efforts to overcome. This study analysed influence of parenting styles, methods of socialization, and school environment on character strengths among teenagers. This study also examined what family and school can do to improve their character strengths. This study involved 400 students conducted in 10 senior high schools in rural and urban area in Bogor, West Java Province, Indonesia. The result of this study revealed that some factors in the family (low level of permissive parenting style, high level of authoritative parenting style, higher variations of methods of socialization) and school environment (low of punishment and low violent behavior received in school, higher preference for learning process and condition at school) had significant and positive influence to increase quality of character. Hence, integration of partnership between family and school to strengthen teenagers' character is discussed further in this study.  character strengths, methods of socialization, parenting style, school environment Kenakalan remaja yang telah meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhqir di kalangan remaja di Indonesia memerlukan upaya integratif. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh gaya pengasuhan, metode sosialisasi, dan lingkungan sekolah pada kekuatan karakter di kalangan remaja. Penelitian ini juga meneliti hal yang dapat dilakukan keluarga dan sekolah untuk meningkatkan kekuatan karakter remaja. Penelitian ini melibatkan 400 siswa yang dilakukan di 10 SMA di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan di Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa beberapa faktor dalam keluarga (gaya pengasuhan permisif tingkat rendah, gaya pengasuhan otoritatif tingkat tinggi, metode sosialisasi dengan variasi yang tinggi) dan lingkungan sekolah (tingkat hukuman yang rendah dan perilaku kekerasan yang rendah diterima di sekolah, preferensi yang lebih tinggi untuk proses belajar dan kondisi di sekolah) memiliki pengaruh yang positif signifikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas karakter. Oleh karena itu, integrasi kemitraan antara keluarga dan sekolah untuk memperkuat karakter remaja dibahas lebih lanjut dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: gaya pengasuhan, kekuatan karakter, lingkungan sekolah, metode sosialisasi