nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Enfraquecimento e perda de colonias de abelhas no Brasil: ha casos de CCD?

In the last decades, the decline of wild bee populations and the collapse of Apis mellifera colonies have concerned researchers and beekeepers. The objective of this review was to compile some of the most relevant studies related to the possible causes of these problems such as nutrition, management, pathogens, parasites, and the effects of pesticides besides presenting a brief history of the colony collapse disorder syndrome (CCD) in the United States and Europe. The studies developed in Brazil were presented in more detail, mainly those on pesticides used in agriculture and on pathogens and parasites that attack the colonies of Africanized A. mellifera. Cases of weakening, decline, and collapse have been recorded in Brazil, mainly in the states of Sao Paulo and Santa Catarina, which add up to great losses. Results of the analyzed occurrences indicated that the recorded mass mortalities were not associated with pathogens or parasites. Only two cases with characteristics similar to those described for CCD were recorded, but without defined causes. In order to know the causes of the weakening and collapses of colonies, the implementation of official programs is urgent for the systematic survey of bee health, associated with research focusing on assessments of possible impacts of habitat fragmentation and agricultural practices on bee communities.
Rapid SOC prototyping utilizing quilt packaging technology for modular functional IC partitioning
Venue: 2016 International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping (RSP)

A microchip integration technology called Quilt Packaging (QP) enables rapid prototyping of complex SoCs and microwave/RF systems, as well as optical, power, and DSP applications. QP is a direct edge to edge chip level interconnect technology that can be implemented in a variety of materials and/or process technologies, and has been demonstrated in both planar and non planar 3D architectures. Quilt Packaging technology can be applied to create a "Lego like" design kit for ultra fast prototyping and proof ofconcept chip level system verification. Partitioning subcomponents into small, inexpensive "chiplets" can allow for much faster design turns and greatly reduced first pass prototype verification. In addition, QP enables low loss, high throughput chip to chip I/O interconnects while reducing size, weight, and power requirements, lessening the burden of design trade offs for hardware system designers developing the next generation of microelectronic systems.
Common Ownership, Competition, and Top Management Incentives

When one firm's strategy affects other firms' value, optimal executive incentives depend on whether shareholders have interests in only one or in multiple firms. Performance sensitive contracts induce managerial effort to reduce costs, and lower costs induce higher output. Hence, greater managerial effort can lead to lower product prices and industry profits. Therefore, steep managerial incentives can be optimal for a single firm and at the same time violate the interests of common owners of several firms in the same industry. Empirically, managerial wealth is more sensitive to performance when a firm's largest shareholders do not own large stakes in competitors.
High stakes accountability using teacher salary incentives in Brazil: An update

In Brazil, accountability policies, called politicas de responsabilizacao, are fundamentally based on the attribution of salary incentives and other bonus payments to teachers and schools. For many authors, the equation between educational accountability and salary bonuses has reduced the discussion of the meaning and consequences of the accountability to an appraisal of the symbolism and injustices of salary incentives. And the other hand, the concept of accountability in Brazil has become associated with a single measure of government control and the one most easily associated with human resource management. If salary incentives are to be continued, as one amongst a number of policy options, their costs need to be calculated and compared to the benefits as measured by appropriate methods of public policy evaluation.
Corporate Social Responsibility and CEO Risk Taking Incentives

In this paper, we explore how firms adjust CEO compensation incentives in response to corporate social responsibility (CSR) standing. Specifically, we focus on the effect of CSR standing on CEO's risk taking incentives. We hypothesize that because firms possessing better social performance generate insurance like moral capital that protects managers from market discipline, risk averse managers tend to take less risk than is optimal for shareholders. Firms should respond to this agency problem by offering greater risk taking incentives to managers. Employing a large sample of the US firms from 1992 to 2010, we find strong empirical evidence to support our hypothesis. Indeed, CSR standing is positively related to CEO pay risk sensitivity (Vega) and this association is driven by CSR strengths rather than CSR concerns. Further, we provide evidence that firm overall risk and idiosyncratic risk negatively moderate the association between CSR and Vega.
Diabetes in migrants and ethnic minorities in a changing World.
Venue: World journal of diabetes

On a worldwide scale, the total number of migrants exceeds 200 million and is not expected to reduce, fuelled by the economic crisis, terrorism and wars, generating increasing clinical and administrative problems to National Health Systems. Chronic non communicable diseases (NCD) and specifically diabetes, are on the front line, due to the high number of cases at risk, duration and cost of diseases, and availability of effective measures of prevention and treatment. We reviewed the documents of International Agencies on migration and performed a PubMed search of existing literature, focusing on the differences in the prevalence of diabetes between migrants and native people, the prevalence of NCD in migrants vs rates in the countries of origin, diabetes convergence, risk of diabetes progression and standard of care in migrants. Even in universalistic healthcare systems, differences in socioeconomic status and barriers generated by the present culture of biomedicine make high risk ethnic minorities under treated and not protected against inequalities. Underutilization of drugs and primary care services in specific ethnic groups are far from being money saving, and might produce higher hospitalization rates due to disease progression and complications. Efforts should be made to favor screening and treatment programs, to adapt education programs to specific cultures, and to develop community partnerships.
Niche tracking migrants and niche switching residents: evolution of climatic niches in New World warblers (Parulidae)
Venue: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Differences in life history traits between tropical and temperate lineages are often attributed to differences in their climatic niche dynamics. For example, the more frequent appearance of migratory behaviour in temperate breeding species than in species originally breeding in the tropics is believed to have resulted partly from tropical climatic stability and niche conservatism constraining tropical species from shifting their ranges. However, little is known about the patterns and processes underlying climatic niche evolution in migrant and resident animals. We evaluated the evolution of overlap in climatic niches between seasons and its relationship to migratory behaviour in the Parulidae, a family of New World passerine birds. We used ordination methods to measure seasonal niche overlap and niche breadth of 54 resident and 49 migrant species and used phylogenetic comparative methods to assess patterns of climatic niche evolution. We found that despite travelling thousands of kilometres, migrants tracked climatic conditions across the year to a greater extent than tropical residents. Migrant species had wider niches than resident species, although residents as a group occupied a wider climatic space and niches of migrants and residents overlapped extensively. Neither breeding latitude nor migratory distance explained variation among species in climatic niche overlap between seasons. Our findings support the notion that tropical species have narrower niches than temperate breeders, but does not necessarily constrain their ability to shift or expand their geographical ranges and become migratory. Overall, the tropics may have been historically less likely to experience the suite of components that generate strong selection pressures for the evolution of migratory behaviour.
Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease
Venue: Journal of veterinary internal medicine

Serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats an average of 17.0 months before serum creatinine (Cr) concentrations increased above the reference interval.  To report on the utility of measuring serum SDMA concentrations in dogs for detection of CKD before diagnosis by measurement of serum Cr. Animals CKD dogs (n 19) included those persistently azotemic for =3 months (n 5) dogs that were azotemic at the time of death (n 4) and nonazotemic dogs (n 10) CKD dogs were compared with healthy control dogs (n 20)  Retrospective study, whereby serum Cr concentrations were determined by enzymatic colorimetry and serum SDMA concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in dogs with necropsy confirmed CKD.  Serum SDMA increased before serum Cr in 17 of 19 dogs (mean, 9.8 months; range, 2.2 27.0 months) Duration of elevations in serum SDMA concentrations before the dog developed azotemia (N 1) or before the dog died (N 1) was not determined. Serum SDMA and Cr concentrations were linearly related (r 0.84; P .001) Serum SDMA (r 0.80) and serum Cr (r 0.89) concentrations were significantly related to glomerular filtration rate (both P .001)  Using serum SDMA as a biomarker for CKD allows earlier detection of kidney dysfunction in dogs than does measurement of serum Cr. Earlier detection might be desirable for initiating renoprotective interventions that slow progression of kidney disease.
Positive Impact of Nutritional Interventions on Serum Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine Concentrations in Client Owned Geriatric Dogs
Venue: PloS one

A prospective study was conducted in client owned geriatric dogs to evaluate the short term effects of a test food on serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations. Test food contained functional lipids (fish oil) antioxidants (lipoic acid, vitamins C and E) L carnitine, botanicals (fruits and vegetables) controlled sodium concentration, and high quality protein sources (high bioavailability and an ideal amino acid composition) Dogs (n 210) were fed either test food or owner's choice foods (non nutritionally controlled cohort) Dogs were included based on age and body weight: small (6.8 to 11.4 kg) and medium dogs (11.5 to 22.7 kg) were 9 years, whereas dogs >22.7 kg were 7 years at baseline. At baseline, all dogs had to have serum Cr concentrations within the reference interval and be free of chronic disease. Renal function biomarkers and urinalysis results at baseline, and after consuming test food or owner's choice foods for 3 and 6 months, were evaluated. Only dogs consuming test food showed significant decreases in serum SDMA and Cr concentrations (both P 0.05) across time. At baseline or during the 6 month feeding trial, 18 dogs (8.6% had increased serum SDMA, but normal serum Cr, consistent with IRIS Stage 1 chronic kidney disease. This included 9 dogs fed test food and 9 dogs fed owner's choice foods. Compared with baseline, after feeding 9 dogs test food for 6 months, serum SDMA decreased in 8 dogs and increased in 1 dog. After feeding 9 dogs owner's choice foods for 6 months, serum SDMA decreased in 4 dogs and increased in 4 dogs (remained stable in 1 dog) The decreases in serum SDMA and Cr concentrations were significant (both P 0.03) only for dogs fed test food. These results suggest that nonazotemic dogs with elevated serum SDMA (early renal insufficiency) when fed a test food designed to promote healthy aging are more likely to demonstrate improved renal function compared with dogs fed owner's choice foods.
Sequential Short Text Classification with Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks
Venue: NAACL

Recent approaches based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) have shown promising results for short text classification. However, many short texts occur in sequences (e.g. sentences in a document or utterances in a dialog) and most existing ANN based systems do not leverage the preceding short texts when classifying a subsequent one. In this work, we present a model based on recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks that incorporates the preceding short texts. Our model achieves state of the art results on three different datasets for dialog act prediction.
Functional significance of the semantic P600: evidence from the event related brain potential source localization
Venue: Neuroreport

Previous event related potentials studies of sentence comprehension have usually associated syntactic repair/reanalysis processes with the P600 component. However, the functional significance of the P600 was recently questioned on the basis of the observation of P600 effects in response to the processing of semantically anomalous sentences. In the present study, we investigated the functional significance of the 'semantic P600' using a semantic violation paradigm with a focus on syntax instruction. Using a source localization analysis, we tested three alternative hypotheses on the function of the P600: (i) a syntactic function, (ii) an executive function, and (iii) a semantic/integrational function. We assumed that distinct neuronal generators should reflect each of these functions. Although the syntactic generators are expected to be mainly located in the left inferior frontal gyrus, the semantic generators should be observed in the left superior temporal gyrus as well as in the right anterior prefrontal cortex (semantic retrieval) moreover, the generator of executive function (conflict monitoring) should be found in the anterior cingulate cortex. Critically, we defined a dipole model using 17 dipoles, 14 of which were placed in the three regions of interest corresponding to our hypotheses, namely, syntactic, executive, and semantic regions. Our data showed that the P600 effect was significant in the anterior cingulate cortex and marginally significant in the right anterior prefrontal cortex. This finding suggests that the P600 might reflect more general mechanisms of conflict monitoring and semantic reinterpretation leading to a retrieval of world knowledge from long term memory rather purely syntactic processes.
Multiple Language Use Influences Oculomotor Task Performance: Neurophysiological Evidence of a Shared Substrate between Language and Motor Control
Venue: PloS one

In the present electroencephalographical study, we asked to which extent executive control processes are shared by both the language and motor domain. The rationale was to examine whether executive control processes whose efficiency is reinforced by the frequent use of a second language can lead to a benefit in the control of eye movements, i.e. a non linguistic activity. For this purpose, we administrated to 19 highly proficient late French German bilingual participants and to a control group of 20 French monolingual participants an antisaccade task, i.e. a specific motor task involving control. In this task, an automatic saccade has to be suppressed while a voluntary eye movement in the opposite direction has to be carried out. Here, our main hypothesis is that an advantage in the antisaccade task should be observed in the bilinguals if some properties of the control processes are shared between linguistic and motor domains. ERP data revealed clear differences between bilinguals and monolinguals. Critically, we showed an increased N2 effect size in bilinguals, thought to reflect better efficiency to monitor conflict, combined with reduced effect sizes on markers reflecting inhibitory control, i.e. cue locked positivity, the target locked P3 and the saccade locked presaccadic positivity (PSP) Moreover, effective connectivity analyses (dynamic causal modelling; DCM) on the neuronal source level indicated that bilinguals rely more strongly on ACC driven control while monolinguals rely on PFC driven control. Taken together, our combined ERP and effective connectivity findings may reflect a dynamic interplay between strengthened conflict monitoring, associated with subsequently more efficient inhibition in bilinguals. Finally, L2 proficiency and immersion experience constitute relevant factors of the language background that predict efficiency of inhibition. To conclude, the present study provided ERP and effective connectivity evidence for domain general executive control involvement in handling multiple language use, leading to a control advantage in bilingualism.
Putting German [S] and [c] in Two Different Boxes: Native German vs L2 German of French Learners
Venue: INTERSPEECH

French L2 Learners of German (FG) often replace the palatal fricative /c/ absent in French with the post alveolar fricative /S/ In our study we investigate which cues can be used to distinguish whether FG speakers produce [S] or [c in words with the final syllables /IS/ or /Ic/ In literature of German as an L2, to our knowledge, this contrast has not yetbeen studied. In this perspective, we first compared native German (GG) productionsof [S] and [c] to the FG speaker productions. Comparisons concerned the F2 of the preceding vowel, the F2 transition between the preceding vowel and the fricative, the center of gravity and intensity of the fricatives in high and low frequencies. To decide which cues are effectively choices to separate [S] and [c] the Weka interface in R (RWeka) was used. Results show that for German native speech, the F2 of the preceding vowel and the F2 transition are valid cues to distinguish between [S] and [c] For FG speakers these cues are not valid. To distinguish between [S] and [c] in FG speakers, the intensity of high and low frequencies as well as the center of gravity of the fricatives help to decide whether [S] and [c was produced. In German native speech, cues furnished only by the fricative itself can as well be used to distinguish between [S] and [c]
Physical Mechanisms behind the Field Cycling Behavior of HfO2 Based Ferroelectric Capacitors

Novel hafnium oxide (HfO2) based ferroelectrics reveal full scalability and complementary metal oxide semiconductor integratability compared to perovskite based ferroelectrics that are currently used in nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories (FeRAMs) Within the lifetime of the device, two main regimes of wake up and fatigue can be identified. Up to now, the mechanisms behind these two device stages have not been revealed. Thus, the main scope of this study is an identification of the root cause for the increase of the remnant polarization during the wake up phase and subsequent polarization degradation with further cycling. Combining the comprehensive ferroelectric switching current experiments, Preisach density analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study with compact and Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) modeling, it has been found out that during the wake up of the device no new defects are generated but the existing defects redistribute within the device. Furthermore, vacancy diffusion has been identified as the main cause for the phase transformation and consequent increase of the remnant polarization. Utilizing trap density spectroscopy for examining defect evolution with cycling of the device together with modeling of the degradation results in an understanding of the main mechanisms behind the evolution of the ferroelectric response.
Training nursing students' communication skills with online video peer assessment
Venue: Comput. Educ.

Communication is an important skill which nursing students must master in order to be effective in their career. One of the purposes of this study was to implement an online video peer assessment system to scaffold their communication skills. The other purpose was to examine the effects and validity of the peer assessment. Fifty nursing students enrolled in a psychiatric nursing course in Taiwan participated in the study. The experiment contained two rounds of peer assessments. In each round, the students had a therapeutic consultation with a simulated patient. It was recorded and uploaded on a YouTube platform which we designed to keep a log of viewing, rating and feedback from their peers. The peer assessment process was synchronized with the viewing of peers' communication videos so that feedback could be marked to the relevant point on the video. Expert evaluation scores showed that students' communication performance, when involved in peer assessments, significantly improved. In the first round, the scores determined by the peers were not correlated with those marked by the experts. However, in the second round, both scores were significantly correlated, indicating that the online peer assessment could be perceived as a valid assessment method for nursing communication skills training. Moreover, the analysis of peer feedback also revealed that their communication became more patient centered gradually due to the peer assessments. On the whole, the students were satisfied with the peer assessment activities and appreciated the contribution to their communication skills. An online peer valuation was planned to train nursing students' communication skills.We examined the effects and the validity of the peer assessment.The online peer assessment could enhance students' communication performance.Students' communication assessment skills have promoted via online peer valuation.Students were satisfied with the peer assessment activities.
Reliability and Validity of the Assessment Tool for Measuring Communication Skills in Nursing Simulation Education

This study was conducted to test whether Health Communication Assessment Tool (HCAT) developed by Campbell et al. in 2013 can be applied to assess Korean nursing students' communication skills in simulation education.  The content validity of the Korean version of HCAT (K HCAT) was evaluated through expert's assessment and a principal component analysis was conducted for testing construct validity. The convergent validity was tested by measuring relationship between the K HCAT and those of existing communication assessment tool for standardized patient instruction. The evaluation was done by surveying 154 senior students from four different nursing colleges.  The K HCAT was condensed into 15 items from the original 22 HCAT items. Four factors were extracted from the principal component analysis; factor loadings ranged from .50 to .83; cumulative explained variance was 62.65% Four factors were entitled as 'relationship building' 'empowering' 'empathy/response' and 'education/feedback' Cronbach's a for sub dimensions ranged from .73 to .84. An evaluation of convergent validity showed that the scores of the K HCAT were moderately correlated with those of an assessment tool for standardized patient instruction.  The K HCAT can be used as an effective tool for assessing nursing students' communication skills in various kinds of simulation educations Further research is needed to test the consistency of the K HCAT.