nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Practitioners' perceptions of yoga's positive and negative effects: Results of a National United States survey.
Venue: Journal of bodywork and movement therapies

Yoga is becoming increasingly popular, yet little information is available regarding practitioners' perceptions of effects of their practice. This study aimed to characterize perceptions of both positive and negative changes practitioners reported in physical and psychosocial domains.  Cross sectional internet based survey.  Yoga practitioners (N 542, including 162 teachers) recruited via email and flyers sent to yoga studios across the United States (US) Participants ranged in age from 18 to 85 years (M 44) MEASURES Participants rated the extent to which they experienced positive or negative change in physical health and psychosocial dimensions and then listed up to three positive and three negative effects of their practice.  Both students and teachers reported moderately high levels of positive physical changes and psychosocial changes, although teachers generally reported more positive changes. Few negative changes were reported. In open ended responses, the most commonly reported positive effects were general health and fitness and relaxation. Most commonly reported negative effects were injuries, soreness, emotional triggers/irritability, and expense.  Findings suggest that yoga practitioners generally perceive high levels of positive changes, but some also experience adverse effects. Future research should assess subjective experiences of change alongside more objective measures of improvement.
Incorporation of mixed metals into SAPO 34 frameworks by the dry gel conversion method using mixed templates: investigating catalysts characterisation and performance

The crystallisation of the MeAPSO 34 material was studied under dry gel conversion conditions and using two and three templates. This study has been focused on the effect of the incorporation of a mixture of Ni and Mn into the SAPO 34 framework. The MeSAPO 34 samples were characterised by X ray diffraction, energy dispersive X ray spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, temperature programmed desorption and Brunner Emmett Teller. The influence of metal incorporation into the framework of SAPO 34 (MeAPSO 34) on methanol conversion was investigated in this study. The performances on methanol conversion for these catalysts were different according to the properties of metals incorporated into the SAPO 34 structure. The catalytic performance demonstrated high activity and light olefins selectivity for the prepared catalysts. Among the light olefin products, Mn and Ni incorporation is helpful for propylene generation, but samples with a mixture of Ni and Mn favour the ethylene production.
Influence of phosphorous contents on Si incorporation mechanism and properties of SAPO 34

SAPO 34 molecular sieves with different phosphorus content were prepared by adjusting P 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratios in starting gel. The crystal patterns, crystallinity, crystal morphology, element composition, functional group and thermal stability were characterized by XRD, SEM, XRF, FT IR and TGA. It reveals that the properties and Si substitution mechanism of the framework can be changed with P 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio. Sample with P 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio of 1.5 possess the highest crystallinity and smooth cubic crystals. In addition, SP 1.5 has the lowest external surface area, the largest micropore surface area and the average pore diameter. With P 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio of 1, Si atoms directly replace P atoms during the crystallization of SAPO 34 with the formation of Si(4Al) species. When the P 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio is lower than 2, the Si substitution mechanism can be attributed to double substitution of SM2 and SM3.
Shakespeare's Women and the Fin de Siecle

Scholarship on Victorian productions of Shakespeare typically isolates Shakespeare from the rest of the repertory. My thesis illuminates how late Victorian performances of Shakespeare and contemporary Victorian drama conditioned each other. I re interrogate iconoclastic performances of Shakespeare's heroines to reveal actresses' performance networks, showing how actresses' movements between fin de siecle roles created consonances between ostensibly antithetical areas of the repertoire. The performances and receptions of British actresses with high cultural capital reveal Shakespeare's interventions into fin de siecle debates on gender and sexuality. Highlighting female performance genealogies, I offer the first narrative of women's acting traditions in Shakespeare. I explore actresses' commercial strategising, celebrity personae, theatrical innovations and contributions to Shakespearean hermeneutics. The thesis draws on significant unpublished archival material, including from private collections. Chapter One examines how the ostensibly puritanical Madge Kendal and Royal mistress Lillie Langtry used the role of Rosalind (As You Like It) within a portfolio of self promotional strategies, inscribing their professional legitimacy and dramatising different sexual identities. Chapter Two explores how Terry's Lady Macbeth (1888 9) interpreted as a loving wife, challenged theatrical semiotics, contemporary ideals of marriage, and perceptions of 'good' and 'bad' women. Chapter Three, on Mrs Patrick Campbell, demonstrates the success of her movements between the 'sex problem play' and Shakespeare, revealing how her Shakespeare reception reflected fin de siecle concerns as the unwell body and mind, the figure of Salome, and the child as both a sexual object and potentially suicidal. Chapter Four, on Terry's Imogen (Cymbeline) discusses Shakespearean actresses' contribution to ideas of national character and queenship, as Queen Victoria's reign neared its end, including specific milestones such as the 1897 Diamond Jubilee. Chapter Five examines Shakespeare's intersections with the 'New Woman' commodity culture and politics, as suffragists co opted Shakespeare as a 'suffrage' playwright, with The Winter's Tale's Paulina as their icon.
Ultra high sensitivity, low power dual chopper signal conditioning circuit for integrated sensors
Venue: 2016 14th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS)

An ultra high sensitivity, low power dual chopper amplifier (DCA) for the signal conditioning of capacitive and voltage mode microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transducers is presented. The input referred noise and input parasitic capacitance are minimized to increase the sensitivity for femto Farad range capacitive transducers. The circuit is designed in a 0.13 mm CMOS technology with a 1.2 V supply. The simulated power consumption is 8.4 mW, the gain is 47 dB, and the bandwidth is 10.5 kHz. The input referred capacitance noise floor is 0.0033 aF/Hz for a 100 fF capacitive sensor.
Dynamic Application Rotation Environment for Moving Target Defense
Venue: 2016 Resilience Week (RWS)

Owing to the ubiquity of web applications in modern computing, the server software that delivers these applications is an attractive attack vector for would be malicious actors in cyberspace. Recently, Moving Target Defense (MTD) strategies have grown in popularity in the computer security community because of their ability to enhance resilience and force attackers into uncharacteristic behavior. The MTD prototype discussed in this paper acts as a proactive defense strategy that offers increased protection against an attacker's ability to probe for and exploit vulnerable web server software. The testing shows that web server diversity in an MTD reduces the ability to exploit vulnerabilities in a web server, reduces impacts of successfully exploited vulnerabilities, and increases the resilience of the protected application.
GWAS of 89,283 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with self reporting of being a morning person
Venue: Nature communications

Circadian rhythms are a nearly universal feature of living organisms and affect almost every biological process. Our innate preference for mornings or evenings is determined by the phase of our circadian rhythms. We conduct a genome wide association analysis of self reported morningness, followed by analyses of biological pathways and related phenotypes. We identify 15 significantly associated loci, including seven near established circadian genes (rs12736689 near RGS16, P=7.0 x 10 18; rs9479402 near VIP, P=3.9 x 10 11; rs55694368 near PER2, P=2.6 x 10 9; rs35833281 near HCRTR2,  rs11545787 near RASD1, P=1.4 x 10 8; rs11121022 near PER3, P=2.0 x 10 8; rs9565309 near FBXL3, P=3.5 x 10 8. Circadian and phototransduction pathways are enriched in our results. Morningness is associated with insomnia and other sleep phenotypes; and is associated with body mass index and depression but we did not find evidence for a causal relationship in our Mendelian randomization analysis. Our findings reinforce current understanding of circadian biology and will guide future studies.
Morning and Evening Home Blood Pressure and Risks of Incident Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in the Japanese General Practice Population: The Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure Study
Venue: Hypertension

Our aim is to determine the optimal time schedule for home blood pressure (BP) monitoring that best predicts stroke and coronary artery disease in general practice. The Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J HOP) study is a nationwide practice based study that included 4310 Japanese with a history of or risk factors for cardiovascular disease, or both (mean age, 65 years; 79% used antihypertensive medication) Home BP measures were taken twice daily (morning and evening) over 14 days at baseline. During a mean follow up of 4 years (16 929 person years) 74 stroke and 77 coronary artery disease events occurred. Morning systolic BP (SBP) improved the discrimination of incident stroke (C statistics, 0.802; 95% confidence interval, 0.692 0.911) beyond traditional risk factors including office SBP (0.756; 0.646 0.866) whereas the changes were smaller with evening SBP (0.764; 0.653 0.874) The addition of evening SBP to the model (including traditional risk factors plus morning SBP) significantly reduced the discrimination of incident stroke (C statistics difference, 0.008; 95% confidence interval: 0.015 to 0.008; P=0.03) The category free net reclassification improvement (0.3606; 95% confidence interval, 0.1317 0.5896) absolute integrated discrimination improvement (0.015; SE, 0.005) and relative integrated discrimination improvement (58.3% all P<0.01) with the addition of morning SBP to the model (including traditional risk factors) were greater than those with evening SBP and with combined morning and evening SBP. Neither morning nor evening SBP improved coronary artery disease risk prediction. Morning home SBP itself should be evaluated to ensure best stroke prediction in clinical practice, at least in Japan. This should be confirmed in the different ethnic groups.  http:/www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ Unique identifier: UMIN000000894.
Morning Home Blood Pressure Is a Strong Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease: The HONEST Study.
Venue: Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Few studies have evaluated out of office blood pressure (BP) measurements as predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD) events.  The aim of this study was to determine morning home blood pressure (HBP) as a predictor of CAD events.  Using data from the HONEST (Home blood pressure measurement with Olmesartan Naive patients to Establish Standard Target blood pressure) study, we investigated the relationship between morning HBP and incidence of stroke and CAD events.  In 21,591 treated hypertensive patients (mean age 64.9 years; mean follow up 2.02 years) 127 stroke events (2.92 per 1,000 patient years) and 121 CAD events (2.78 per 1,000 patient years) occurred. The incidence of stroke events was significantly higher in patients with morning home systolic blood pressure (HSBP) =145 mm Hg compared with <125 mm Hg, and in patients with clinic systolic blood pressure (CSBP) =150 mm Hg compared with <130 mm Hg. Hazard ratios (HRs) were 6.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.85 to 12.68) between patients with morning HSBP =155 mm Hg and those with morning HSBP <125 mm Hg and 5.82 (95% CI: 3.17 to 10.67) between patients with CSBP =160 mm Hg and those with CSBP <130 mm Hg; morning HSBP predicted stroke events similarly to CSBP. Incidence of CAD events was significantly higher in patients with morning HSBP =145 mm Hg compared with <125 mm Hg and in patients with CSBP =160 mm Hg compared with <130 mm Hg. The HR for morning HSBP =155 mm Hg was 6.24 (95% CI: 2.82 to 13.84) and for CSBP =160 mm Hg was 3.51 (95% CI: 1.71 to 7.20) therefore, compared with morning HSBP, CSBP may underestimate CAD risk. Goodness of fit analysis showed that morning HSBP predicted CAD events more strongly than CSBP.  Morning HBP is a strong predictor of future CAD and stroke events, and may be superior to clinic BP in this regard. There does not appear to be a J curve in the relationship between morning HBP and stroke or CAD events. (Home blood pressure measurement with Olmesartan Naive patients to Establish Standard Target blood pressure Study [HONEST] UMIN000002567)
Validation of a peridynamic model for fatigue cracking

Fatigue cracking in homogeneous and in composite materials is studied using a peridynamic model. We introduce a set of critical damage factors that improve stability and efficiency of a recently introduced peridynamic model for fatigue cracking. We perform convergence studies in terms of the nonlocal region size for a modified compact tension test which leads to curved fatigue crack paths. The experimental crack paths are strongly influenced by the location of a hole in the specimen, and the peridynamic results capture this sensitivity well. Fatigue lifetimes obtained by the peridynamic model are in good agreement with experiments for different crack growth rates in different cycle ranges. Different from methods based on classical continuum mechanics, the peridynamic fatigue crack model does not require additional criteria to guide crack or damage growth. In particular, we use the peridynamic fatigue model, without any modifications, to simulate fatigue crack growth in a two phase composite in which several crack initiation points exist and where fatigue crack paths interact in complex ways.
Causes and Consequences of Occupational Fatigue: Meta Analysis and Systems Model
Venue: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

The study objective was to statistically codify empirical occupational fatigue literature into a systems model depicting causal factors of fatigue; interrelationships among causal factors; outcomes of fatigue; and interrelationships among outcomes.  The objective was achieved via a comprehensive and systematic review of existing literature and the first statistical meta analysis of occupational fatigue.  The drivers of fatigue with the greatest effect sizes include sleep deprivation and work environment factors such as noise, vibration, and temperature. The most significant outcomes of fatigue include short term cognitive and physical degradation and, to a lesser extent, error, injury, and illness.  Although there is a great deal of occupational fatigue literature, there is a dearth of replication and validations studies. Researchers are also encouraged to address knowledge gaps like the relationship between worker relationships and fatigue.
Using blog to Promote English Skills for EFL Students: The Students' Perception

Blogs in many modern institutions have been used to promote English skills in ELT situation. This quantitative study aimed to identify and describes the use of the blog to promote English skills for EFL students in PBIG FKIP Unilak. This study based its data from 118 students who attended 4 different classes based blog. Employing a total sampling technique, the students were invited to fill up online questionnaire. The quantitative data shows the majority (98% of the students had a positive perception that blog was very useful and (97% effective as a media to promote English language skills. This positive result means that blog can be used as a media of learning to promote English skills among EFL students based on the perception of students who have used blog in 4 different classes based blog in PBIG FKIP Unilak.
Exchange and Intimacy in the Inner City

Drawing on three years of fieldwork among a group of young men and women from a poor urban community in Northeastern United States, I explore the salience of sibling ties in the lives of poor urban youth. Observations reveal that siblings provide crucial support in navigating institutions such as school, work, and criminal justice system. Proximity in age combined with familial piety and exposure to almost identical family, school, and neighborhood often means that sibling ties have unique implications for survival against poverty. However, I also point out several negative effects of influence through intimacy. While scholars have long grappled with the issue of survival through kinship ties, as well as its role in limiting upward mobility for the poor, I illustrate the cost of exchange on intimate ties. Obligatory exchange under the constraints of poverty often blur the line between exchange and unconditional love. Those who provide resources desire obedience or make decisions for those they provide for, and dependency makes relationships fraught with hostility.
Corporate Tax Reform and "Value Creation" Towards Unfettered Diagonal Re allocation across the Global Inequality Chain

Discussion of corporate tax reform loosely uses concepts like "value creation" and "economic substance" as a basis for systematic departures from the tax outcomes that would otherwise eventuate from computational artifacts based on price, but in fact mainstream economics does not have a theory of value creation as distinct from computational artifacts based on price. Corporate tax reform discourse is therefore an unacknowledged exercise in heterodox value theory. This article deploys global value chain theory to question a key assumption in that exercise; the assumption that while intra group pricing may be modified or ignored for the purposes of reallocating the corporate tax base between jurisdictions for corporate tax purposes, prices arrived at between entities not under common control are sacrosanct. The article proceeds to deploy an expanded version of the global value chain analytic, the "global inequality chain" to (i) investigate this question using a schematic illustrative case study based around Amazon's UK/Luxembourg structuring, and (ii) to develop the beginnings of a concept of "unitary taxation by formulary apportionment of the entire value chain" which would enable unfettered "diagonal" re allocations across the space which the global inequality chain describes.
Treatment seeking patients with binge eating disorder in the Swedish national registers: clinical course and psychiatric comorbidity
Venue: BMC Psychiatry

BackgroundWe linked extensive longitudinal data from the Swedish national eating disorders quality registers and patient registers to explore clinical characteristics at diagnosis, diagnostic flux, psychiatric comorbidity, and suicide attempts in 850 individuals diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED).MethodCases were all individuals who met criteria for BED in the quality registers (N 850) We identified 10 controls for each identified case from the Multi Generation Register matched on sex, and year, month, and county of birth. We evaluated characteristics of individuals with BED at evaluation and explored diagnostic flux across eating disorders presentations between evaluation and one year follow up. We applied conditional logistic regression models to assess the association of BED with each comorbid psychiatric disorder and with suicide attempts and explored whether risk for depression and suicide were differentially elevated in individuals with BED with or without comorbid obesity.ResultsBED shows considerable diagnostic flux with other eating disorders over time, carries high psychiatric comorbidity burden with other eating disorders (OR 85.8; 95 CI: 61.6, 119.4) major depressive disorder (OR 7.6; 95 CI: 6.2, 9.3) bipolar disorder (OR 7.5; 95 CI: 4.8, 11.9) anxiety disorders (OR 5.2; 95 CI: 4.2, 6.4) and post traumatic stress disorder (OR 4.3; 95 CI: 3.2, 5.7) and is associated with elevated risk for suicide attempts (OR 1.8; 95 CI: 1.2, 2.7) Depression and suicide attempt risk were elevated in individuals with BED with and without comorbid obesity.ConclusionsConsiderable flux occurs across BED and other eating disorder diagnoses. The high psychiatric comorbidity and suicide risk underscore the severity and clinical complexity of BED.
Simultaneous imaging of multiple neurotransmitters and neuroactive substances in the brain by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Venue: NeuroImage

With neurological processes involving multiple neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, it is important to have the ability to directly map and quantify multiple signaling molecules simultaneously in a single analysis. By utilizing a molecular specific approach, namely desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI) we demonstrated that the technique can be used to image multiple neurotransmitters and their metabolites (dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3 methoxytyramine, serotonin, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, g aminobutyric acid, adenosine) as well as neuroactive drugs (amphetamine, sibutramine, fluvoxamine) and drug metabolites in situ directly in brain tissue sections. The use of both positive and negative ionization modes increased the number of identified molecular targets. Chemical derivatization by charge tagging the primary amines of molecules significantly increased the sensitivity, enabling the detection of low abundant neurotransmitters and other neuroactive substances previously undetectable by MSI. The sensitivity of the imaging approach of neurochemicals has a great potential in many diverse applications in fields such as neuroscience, pharmacology, drug discovery, neurochemistry, and medicine.
Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity Combined with Microiontophoretic Application of Neuroactive Substances in Awake Mice.
Venue: Journal of visualized experiments JoVE

Differences in the activity of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, and consequently different neural responses, can be found between anesthetized and awake animals. Therefore, methods allowing the manipulation of synaptic systems in awake animals are required in order to determine the contribution of synaptic inputs to neuronal processing unaffected by anesthetics. Here, we present methodology for the construction of electrodes to simultaneously record extracellular neural activity and release multiple neuroactive substances at the vicinity of the recording sites in awake mice. By combining these procedures, we performed microiontophoretic injections of gabazine to selectively block GABAA receptors in neurons of the inferior colliculus of head restrained mice. Gabazine successfully modified neural response properties such as the frequency response area and stimulus specific adaptation. Thus, we demonstrate that our methods are suitable for recording single unit activity and for dissecting the role of specific neurotransmitter receptors in auditory processing. The main limitation of the described procedure is the relatively short recording time ~3 hr) which is determined by the level of habituation of the animal to the recording sessions. On the other hand, multiple recording sessions can be performed in the same animal. The advantage of this technique over other experimental procedures used to manipulate the level of neurotransmission or neuromodulation (such as systemic injections or the use of optogenetic models) is that the drug effect is confined to the local synaptic inputs to the target neuron. In addition, the custom manufacture of electrodes allows adjustment of specific parameters according to the neural structure and type of neuron of interest (such as the tip resistance for improving the signal to noise ratio of the recordings)