nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Identity Theory

Social identity theory is an interactionist social psychological theory of the role of self conception and associated cognitive processes and social beliefs in group processes and intergroup relations. Originally introduced in the 1970s primarily as an account of intergroup relations, it was significantly developed at the start of the 1980s as a general account of group processes and the nature of the social group. Since then, social identity theory has been significantly extended through a range of sub theories that focus on social influence and group norms, leadership within and between groups, self enhancement and uncertainty reduction motivations, deindividuation and collective behavior, social mobilization and protest, and marginalization and deviance within groups. The theory has also been applied and developed to explain organizational phenomena and the dynamics of language and speech style as identity symbols. Chapter 1 provides a relatively comprehensive and accessible overview of social identity theory, with an emphasis on its analysis of intergroup conflict.
Structure and chain conformation of a neutral intracellular heteropolysaccharide from mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae.
Venue: Carbohydrate polymers

A neutral heteropolysaccharide (PCIPS2) was isolated and purified from mycelium of Paecilomyces cicadae, which was investigated to be mainly composed of D mannose, L rhamnose, 3 O methyl D galactose, D glucose and D galactose with a molar ratio of 47.9:3.1:6.4:0.9:0.8. It had a backbone of 1,4 linked a L Rhap residues and 1,6 linked a D Manp residues with branches at O 3 of a D Manp residues. Its side chain was comprised of minor terminal b D glucose and 1,4 linked a 3 O Me D Galp residues terminated by a D galactose. Furthermore, its chain information on the values of weight average molar mass (Mw) root mean square radius  see text] hydrodynamic radius (Rh) and intrinsic viscosity [e] for PCIPS2 were analyzed to be 3.09 x 10(4)g/mol, 7.8 nm, 3.6 nm and 8.5 mL/g, respectively. The structural exponent a of 0.57 indicated that PCIPS2 existed as a flexible chain conformation with a coil like structure in 0.1M NaNO3 at 25 degC. In terms of known theory for worm like chains, the model parameters for PCIPS2 were as following: molar mass per unit contour length (ML) 379 nm( 1) persistence length (q) 0.74 nm and hydrodynamic diameter of cylinder (d) 0.82 nm, which were further evidenced by atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Studies on the Antidiabetic and Antinephritic Activities of Paecilomyces hepiali Water Extract in Diet Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats
Venue: Journal of diabetes research

Paecilomyces hepiali is a fungus widely used in Asian countries for various potential pharmacological activities. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antinephritic effects of the Paecilomyces hepiali mycelium water extract (PHC) in diabetic rat, which is established by eight week high fat diet administration followed by one week tail intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) After four week 0.12 g/kg metformin and PHC at doses of 0.08, 0.4, and 2.0 g/kg treatment, an increment of body weight, a decrement of plasma glucose, low levels of total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic rats were observed. PHC promotes glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin, pyruvate kinase activity, and increasing the synthesis of glycogen. PHC normalized the disturbed levels of superoxide dismutase, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and glutathione peroxidase in kidney. The inhibitory effects on the levels of interleukin 2, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor a in serum and kidney revealed the protection of PHC against diabetic nephropathy. Compared with nontreated diabetic rats, four week PHC treatment resulted in a decrement on nuclear factor kappa B expression in kidney. These results show that Paecilomyces hepiali possesses antidiabetic and antinephritic effects which are related to the modulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity.
Treatment of Paecilomyces variotii pneumonia with posaconazole: case report and literature review
Venue: Mycoses

The fungi Paecilomyces variotii is a potential pathogen in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Their rare association with clinical disease results in scarce literature regarding susceptibility and treatment. Here, we discuss a case involving successful treatment of probable P. variotii pneumonia with posaconazole after treatment failure with voriconazole. The current literature related to antifungal susceptibility profiles, microbiological identification methods and clinical management of infections caused by this organism is also reviewed.
Perception of tones by bilingual infants learning non tone languages
Venue: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition

This paper examines the ability of bilingual infants who were learning Dutch and another non tone language to discriminate tonal contrasts. All infants from 5 to 18 months of age succeeded in discriminating a tonal contrast of Mandarin Chinese (Tone 1 versus Tone 4) and showed a U shaped pattern when facing a less acoustically salient manipulated version (contracted) of the aforementioned contrast. Specifically, infants showed initial sensitivity to the contracted contrast during their early months, followed by a loss of sensitivity at the stage where tonal perceptual reorganization typically occurs, and a sensitivity rebound by the end of the first year after birth. Compared to a previous studying of ours testing monolingual Dutch infants (Liu Kager, 2014) the discrimination patterns of bilingual infants revealed both similarities and differences. On one hand, as with monolinguals, non tone learning bilingual infants' tonal perception presented plasticity influenced by contrast acoustic salience along the trajectory of perceptual reorganization; as well as a general U shaped perceptual pattern when discriminating non native tones. On the other hand, bilingual infants appeared to regain sensitivity to the contracted tonal contrast at an earlier age (11 12 months) in comparison with monolinguals infants (17 18 months) We provide several explanations, stemming from the simultaneous exposure to two languages, to account for the 6 month bilingual perceptual plasticity from linguistic and cognitive perspectives. The overall outcomes of the study offer insights into the infant perceptual reorganization and language development trajectory, expand on the differences between monolingual and bilingual language development, and broaden our understanding of the influence of bilingual exposure to the perception of non native contrasts in infancy from linguistic and cognitive perspectives.
Intonation in African Tone Languages

The volume brings together two underinvestigated areas of intonation typology. While tone languages make up to 70 percent of the world's languages, only few have been explored for intonation. And even though one third of the world's languages are spoken in Africa, and most sub Saharan languages are tone languages, recent collections on tone and intonation typology have almost entirely ignored African languages. This book aims to fill this gap.
Chapter 87 Processing Tone Languages

In tone languages, changes in pitch variations can signal differences in the lexical meaning of a word. We report advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of lexical tone at different stages of pitch processing in cortical and subcortical brain structures since the turn of the century. We present a critical evaluation of evidence obtained from recent studies that have focused on issues related to processing of: tonal versus lexical semantic information; tonal versus segmental elements; tonal features; tones versus tunes; tones versus other suprasegmental elements; and categorical perception of tone. We conclude that subcortical sensory encoding interacts with cognitive processing in the cerebral cortex to shape the responses of the brain as required by the structural properties of a particular language. A fuller understanding of the neurobiology of language can only emerge from consideration of general sensory motor and cognitive processes in addition to those associated with language.
Commentary: Tone languages and laryngeal precision

In this response I make three distinct points. First and most important, I identify a logical premise of Everett et al.'s (2016) explanation for the correlation between humidity and complex tone, and briefly present empirical evidence that the premise is questionable. Second (and ultimately equally important) I point out that their definition of 'complex tone' is equivocal between two quite distinct senses. Third, I offer a speculative alternative approach to explaining the correlation. Everett et al. emphasize that they have formulated a hypothesis and tested it empirically. That is, they predict on independent grounds that tone languages should be more common where humidity is high, and then provide evidence that this prediction is valid. The logic of their prediction is as follows: They provide plenty of evidence for the first premise, and (lacking relevant specialist knowledge in statistics) I am willing to accept their demonstration of the geographical correlation that supports the conclusion. However, there is good reason to doubt the second premise. Over the course of many years, I have conducted studies in which speakers read prepared sentences under studio conditions. These studies have generally aimed to test the effect of specific structural manipulations on fundamental frequency (F0) at specific points in the utterance. For example, in one such experiment (Ladd 1988) I compared English sentences of the form A and B but C and A but B and C (where A, B and C are short clauses) looking for (and finding) F0 differences on the accented syllables of the clauses depending on the structure. A consistent finding in all these studies is that, for any given speaker, mean F0
The NLSY Kinship Links: Using the NLSY79 and NLSY Children Data to Conduct Genetically Informed and Family Oriented Research
Venue: Behavior genetics

AbstractThe National Longitudinal Survey of Youth datasets (NLSY79; NLSY Children/Young Adults; NLSY97) have extensive family pedigree information contained within them. These data sources are based on probability sampling, a longitudinal design, and a cross generational and within family data structure, with hundreds of phenotypes relevant to behavior genetic (BG) researchers, as well as to other developmental and family researchers. These datasets provide a unique and powerful source of information for BG researchers. But much of the information required for biometrical modeling has been hidden, and has required substantial programming effort to uncover until recently. Our research team has spent over 20 years developing kinship links to genetically inform biometrical modeling. In the most recent release of kinship links from two of the NLSY datasets, the direct kinship indicators included in the 2006 surveys allowed successful and unambiguous linking of over 94 of the potential pairs. In this paper, we provide details for research teams interested in using the NLSY data portfolio to conduct BG (and other family oriented) research.
Clustered genetic semantic graph approach for multi document abstractive summarization
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Systems Engineering (ICISE)

Multi document summarization aims to produce a compressed version of numerous online text documents and preserves the salient information. A particular challenge for multi document summarization is that there is an inevitable overlap in the information stored in different documents. Thus, effective summarization methods that merge similar information across the documents are desirable. This paper introduces a clustered genetic semantic graph approach for multi document abstractive summarization. The semantic graph from the document set is constructed in such a way that the graph vertices represent the predicate argument structures (PASs) extracted automatically by employing semantic role labeling (SRL) and the edges of graph correspond to semantic similarity weight determined from PAS to PAS semantic similarity, and PAS to document relationship. The PAS to document relationship is expressed by different features, weighted and optimized by genetic algorithm. The salient graph nodes (PASs) are ranked based on modified weighted graph based ranking algorithm. The clustering algorithm is performed to eliminate redundancy in such a way that representative PAS with the highest salience score from each cluster is chosen, and fed to language generation to generate summary sentences. Experiment of this study is performed using DUC 2002, a standard corpus for text summarization. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms other summarization systems.
Malayalam text summarization: Minimum spanning tree based graph reduction approach
Venue: 2016 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication, Automation (ICACCA) (Fall)

In recent days text summarization had tremendous growth in all languages, especially in India regional languages. Yet the performance of such system needs improvement. This paper proposes an extractive Malayalam summarizer which reduces redundancy in summarized content and meaning of sentences are considered for summary generation. A semantic graph is created for entire document and summary generated by reducing graph using minimal spanning tree algorithm.
Navigating a social world with robot partners: A quantitative cartography of the Uncanny Valley
Venue: Cognition

Android robots are entering human social life. However, human robot interactions may be complicated by a hypothetical Uncanny Valley (UV) in which imperfect human likeness provokes dislike. Previous investigations using unnaturally blended images reported inconsistent UV effects. We demonstrate an UV in subjects' explicit ratings of likability for a large, objectively chosen sample of 80 real world robot faces and a complementary controlled set of edited faces. An "investment game" showed that the UV penetrated even more deeply to influence subjects' implicit decisions concerning robots' social trustworthiness, and that these fundamental social decisions depend on subtle cues of facial expression that are also used to judge humans. Preliminary evidence suggests category confusion may occur in the UV but does not mediate the likability effect. These findings suggest that while classic elements of human social psychology govern human robot social interaction, robust UV effects pose a formidable android specific problem.
Vision, applications and future challenges of Internet of Things: A bibliometric study of the recent literature
Venue: Ind. Manag. Data Syst.

The emergent field of Internet of Things (IoT) has been evolving rapidly with a geometric growth in the number of academic publications in this field. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature of IoT in past 16 years using rigorous bibliometric and network analysis tools, offering at the same time future directions for the IoT research community and implications for managers and decision makers.  The authors adopted the techniques of bibliometric and network analysis. The paper reviewed the articles published on IoT from 2000 to 2015.  This study identifies top contributing authors; key research topics related to the field; the most influential works based on citations and PageRank; and established and emerging research clusters. Scholars are encouraged to further explore this topic.  This study focusses only on vision and applications of IoT. Scholars may explore various other aspects of this area of research.
Surgical reconstruction in female genital mutilation.
Venue: Turkish journal of urology

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is an unusual condition for our country. However, an increase in FGM in future days can be predicted with the increasing numbers of exchange students coming from African countries, migration of refugees and socioeconomic relations with the African countries. We want to share our experience of two FGM victims admitted to our clinic with the request of reconstructive vulvar surgery before their marriage. Both women had WHO Type III FGM. Physical examination findings and surgical reconstruction techniques were presented.
Using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to evaluate sexual function in women with genital mutilation undergoing surgical reconstruction: a pilot prospective study.
Venue: European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology

Few prospective studies have evaluated sexual function in women with female genital mutilation by cutting (FGM/C) before and after clitoral reconstructive surgery, and none used a validated questionnaire. A validated questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used for the first time, to assess the impact of reconstructive surgery on sexual function in women with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) before and after clitoral reconstructive surgery.  Women with FGM/C consulting at the Nantes University Hospital for clitoral reconstruction between 2013 and 2014 were prospectively included. All patients completed a questionnaire at inclusion, describing their social, demographic, and FGM/C characteristics. They were also asked to complete the FSFI as well as a questionnaire about clitoral sensations, symptoms of depression or anxiety, and self esteem before and 3 and 6 months after the surgery. Paired Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used to compare data.  Of the 12 women included, 9 (75% had type II mutilations. Results showed a global sexual dysfunction (median FSFI summary score=17) before surgery. Clitoral sensations were absent in 8 women (67% Six months after surgery, all FSFI dimensions except lubrication had improved significantly (median FSFI summary score=29, P=0.009) Ten women had clitoral sensations, and 11 (92% were satisfied with their surgery.  This study shows that 6 months after clitoral reconstructive surgery, women reported a multidimensional positive improvement in their sexual function. The FSFI is a promising tool for routine standardized assessment of the sexual function of women with FGM/C for determining appropriate management and assessing it. Larger studies with validated questionnaires assessing self esteem, depression, and body image are also needed to develop an integrative approach and to provide evidence based recommendations about management of these women.
Functional bone histology of zebrafish reveals two types of endochondral ossification, different types of osteoblast clusters and a new bone type
Venue: Journal of anatomy

The zebrafish is as an important vertebrate animal model system for studying developmental processes, gene functions and signalling pathways. It is also used as a model system for the understanding of human developmental diseases including those related to the skeleton. However, surprisingly little is known about normal zebrafish skeletogenesis and osteogenesis. As in most vertebrates, it is commonly known that the bones of adult zebrafish are cellular unlike that of some other teleosts. After careful histological analyses of each zebrafish adult bone, we identified several acellular bones, with no entrapped osteocytes in addition to several cellular bones. We show that both cellular and acellular bones can even occur within the same skeletal element and transitions between these two cell types can be found. Furthermore, we describe two types of osteoblast clusters during skeletogenesis and two different types of endochondral ossification. The epiphyseal plate, for example, lacks a zone of calcification and a degradation zone with osteoblasts. A new bone type that we term tubular bone was also identified. This bone is completely filled with adipose tissue, unlike spongy bones. This study provides important insight on how osteogenesis takes place in zebrafish, and especially on the transition from cellular to acellular bones. Overall, this study leads to a deeper understanding of the functional histological composition of adult zebrafish bones.
Heart Rate Range and All Cause Mortality in Older Adults
Venue: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

5. Cacciafesta M, Ettorre E, Amici A, et al. New frontiers of cognitive rehabilitation in geriatric age: The Mozart effect (ME) Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2010;51:79 82. 6. Jausovec N, Jausovec K, Gerlic I. The influence of Mozart's music on brain activity in the process of learning.  A quantitative EEG study.  Bodner M, Muftuler LT, Nalcioglu O et al. FMRI study relevant to the Mozart effect: Brain areas involved in spatial temporal reasoning.  Cl ement F, Belleville S. Effect of disease severity on neural compensation of item and associative recognition in mild cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2012;29:109 123. 10. Nascimento CM, Pereira JR, De Andrate LP et al. Physical exercise in MCI elderly promotes reduction of pro inflammatory cytokines and improvements on cognition and BDNF peripheral levels.
A comparative analysis of waste management requirements between five green building rating systems for new residential buildings

The annual generation of construction waste is immense in both developed and developing economies. The environmental impacts caused by disposal of this waste stream are in multiple aspects, involving soil pollution, air pollution, water pollution, etc. Meanwhile, the green building concept is becoming more and more popular with the public; hence the building developers are eager to obtain green building certifications to increase the added value of buildings. Green building rating system (GBRS) is a tool for evaluating whether a particular building is green or not, and corresponding rank is given according to the detailed assessment requirements. In previous studies, GBRS has acted as a guideline to improve energy use and indoor air quality. However, the effectiveness of GBRS as applied to construction waste management has not been explored. To bridge this research gap, this study examines five selected GBRSs worldwide and proposes a comparative analysis, attempting to give a better understanding of measures that assist in improving construction waste management. The importance of construction waste management in different GBRSs is evaluated according to the accumulation of the corresponding scores of the related assessment items. Furthermore, the foci of construction waste management in different GBRSs are investigated in three dimensions based on the "3Rs" principle which is referring to reduce, reuse and recycle. The research findings reveal that of the five rating systems studied, the highest relative significance index of waste management is given to Evaluation Standard for Green Building, while the lowest belongs to Green Building Index. In relation to the 3Rs principle, Evaluation Standard for Green Building and Green Globes focus more on the reduce principle, while the other three systems propose waste management measures that largely based on the reuse and recycle principles. Discussions are further given based on the outcomes of the comparative analysis, future research topics are suggested as well.