nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Sample selection bias and Heckman models in strategic management research

The use of Heckman models by strategy scholars to resolve sample selection bias has increased by more than 700 percent over the last decade, yet significant inconsistencies exist in how they have applied and interpreted these models. In view of these differences, we explore the drivers of sample selection bias and review how Heckman models alleviate it. We demonstrate three important findings for scholars seeking to use Heckman models: First, the independent variable of interest must be a significant predictor in the first stage of a model for sample selection bias to exist. Second, the significance of lambda alone does not indicate sample selection bias. Finally, Heckman models account for sample induced endogeneity, but are not effective when other sources of endogeneity are present.  When nonrandom samples are used to test statistical relationships, sample selection bias can lead researchers to flawed conclusions that can, in turn, negatively impact managerial decision making. We examine the use of Heckman models, which were designed to resolve sample selection bias, in strategic management research and highlight conditions when sample selection bias is present as well as when it is not. We also distinguish sample selection bias, a form of omitted variable (OV) bias, from more traditional OV bias, emphasizing that it is possible for models to have sample selection bias, traditional OV bias, or both. Accurately identifying the type(s) of OV bias present is essential to effectively correcting it. We close with several recommendations to improve practice surrounding the use of Heckman models.
Developing a Qualitative Single Case Study in the Strategic Management Realm: An Appropriate Research Design?

The objective of this article is to critically look at and advocate for the use of an in depth single case study design linked to qualitative research as a more practical and appropriate approach in the realm of strategic management for testing, extending or generation of theory. This article asserts that the combined use of a qualitative single case study research design and methodology not only complement research in the realm of strategic management but also offer rich data for in depth analysis and understanding of issues in their natural life context. This article is based on the successful testing of a new theoretical model of the activity resource based view (ARBV) of a consistent market leader in the motor service industry in Kenya, leading to the extension and generation of new theory. The article justifies and outlines the actual qualitative single case study research design and methodology used, including the place of theory and a study rationale to build rigour and to guide the research. In the study, a total of nine top managers at a consistently high performing firm were purposefully selected to be the key informants as they were deemed to be reliable and knowledgeable about the competitive and market conditions in the industry within which the case study firm operates. These key informants were the chairman of the Board, CEO, five divisional managers and two senior managers in supervisory positions. The article concludes by outlining some implications for policy makers, researchers and academics regarding the use of a single case qualitative study in the realm of strategic management research as an appropriate methodology of choice. "It may be that many of the insights of the resource based view can only be explored using a case study design or approach .which involves trading off the concept of generalisability obtainable from large sample econometric work for an in depth understanding of the complexity of firms.
Addressing Occupational Fatigue in Nurses: A Risk Management Model for Nurse Executives
Venue: The Journal of nursing administration

Addressing occupational fatigue in nursing work systems and mitigating associated risks to nurses require strategic management and high level decision making as well as daily management through operational and tactical actions. Nurse executives are well positioned to lead implementation of a proposed multilevel fatigue risk management system that includes monitoring and decision support tools to support a culture of safety and nurse well being.
Citation footprints on the sands of time: An analysis of idea migrations in strategic management

We elucidate the intellectual progression of the strategic management field by examining knowledge flows to and from the Strategic Management Journal (SMJ) during the period 1980 2009. We provide a detailed mapping of the evolution of the intellectual structure of the field and identify its input output dependency relationships with other fields. Analysis of citation data using three analytic techniques: log multiplicative model, pathfinder analysis, and entropy analysis allow us to discern strategic management's influence on and engagement with other disciplines. The results show that, within the intellectual universe of strategic management, SMJ has played a central role, both as a source and storer of knowledge. We notice that, over time, there has been a decline in practitioner orientation, greater communication with finance and sociology, and increasing linkages with international business and entrepreneurship.
Video game scenery analysis with eye tracking
Venue: Entertain. Comput.

Information regarding player behavior can provide valuable insight for game development and evaluation purposes. In a game level, player behavior may shed light regarding several aspects of the overall design of the level. This paper presents a method proposal for player behavior analysis within a game level, based on interactive (player movement) and visual (eye movement) behavior data. The proposed method is demonstrated within a specific context, using a popular first person shooter video game and a predefined group of players. The data collected during the demonstration was represented with an information visualization technique and is further discussed. The representation technique applied uses game level maps to represent areas that were explored by players with greater or less intensity. The concept of efficiency according to game/level designer and players is also discussed, considering collected data. With the results of this work and method proposal, game and level designers can better grasp how players visualize and interact with video game level scenery.
Swan Queen, shipping, and boundary regulation in fandom

There are a number of fan activities and practices that are subject to regulation. The mechanisms of regulation in shipping, however, are not always clear. Shipping, the fan activity of romantically pairing two fictional characters, has become a popular and contentious facet of fan interaction. The case that will be examined in this article is that of the Swan Queen ship, which pairs two female characters from Once Upon a Time (2011 The lengths that fans have gone to support and promote this ship led to rather intense discussion and infighting among members of the Once Upon a Time fandom. I utilize comments and posts made on Tumblr to examine the mechanisms that dictate inclusion and exclusion in shipper communities. In doing so, I hope to identify the kinds of shipper activities that are subject to regulation and the kinds of boundaries that this regulation establishes. Shipping is dictated not only by fans' imaginations but also by boundaries that are performed and regulated on digital forums.
Fandoms transculturais: apropriacoes nas praticas de shipping dos fas brasileiros de K POP no Facebook

No presente artigo observamos um caso peculiar de fandom transcultural: os fas brasileiros do pop coreano, chamado K POP. Atraves da analise das praticas de Shipping (torcidas por casais preferidos dos fas) de grupos musicais configuradas na observacao empirica de quatro casos escolhidos atraves de fanpages do Facebook, discutimos diferencas e semelhancas nas apropriacoes culturais de fas brasileiros em relacao aos coreanos a partir de seus comportamentos. Dentre os resultados iniciais, ha a constituicao de diferentes niveis de intensidade das apropriacoes pelos fas brasileiros e questoes relacionadas a generos (masculinidades e feminilidades) e sexualidades que pautam a forma como os fas produzem e comentam o conteudo midiatico sobre seus idolos.
Shaking Student's Cages: A Freirean pedagogy that influenced PETE students' beliefs about physical education

This paper reports on the findings of a study that explored the influence of a four year physical education teacher education (PETE) programme on the beliefs about physical education of the graduating students. These students suggested that a single teacher educator (TE) with a Freirean pedagogy had strongly influenced their beliefs and understanding of physical education. The TE used problem posing and dialogue in his lectures to raise the critical consciousness of the PETE students. The TE challenged the students' beliefs about the relationship between sport and physical education. This paper focuses on the pedagogy of the teacher educator and the students' reading of the pedagogy. This study uses data from interviews with PETE students and the writing of the TE to describe the practice, and student 'reading' of a Freirean pedagogy in a PETE programme.
Metamaterials for high power reflectarray design
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS) and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES)

Most often, transmission and reflection properties and geometrical constraints (such as size) are the sole considerations in metamaterials design. Typically, power handling is of little concern as most applications are very low power. Here, we consider not only the complex transmission and reflection properties but also the magnitude of the electric fields in and around the structure when designing metamaterials for robustness in high power reflectarray applications.
Cooperative functioning between phenylalanine ammonia lyase and isochorismate synthase activities contributes to salicylic acid biosynthesis in soybean.
Venue: The New phytologist

Salicylic acid (SA) an essential regulator of plant defense, is derived from chorismate via either the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) or the isochorismate synthase (ICS) catalyzed steps. The ICS pathway is thought to be the primary contributor of defense related SA, at least in Arabidopsis. We investigated the relative contributions of PAL and ICS to defense related SA accumulation in soybean (Glycine max) Soybean plants silenced for five PAL isoforms or two ICS isoforms were analyzed for SA concentrations and SA derived defense responses to the hemibiotrophic pathogens Pseudomonas syringae and Phytophthora sojae. We show that, unlike in Arabidopsis, PAL and ICS pathways are equally important for pathogen induced SA biosynthesis in soybean. Knock down of either pathway shuts down SA biosynthesis and abrogates pathogen resistance. Moreover, unlike in Arabidopsis, pathogen infection is associated with the suppression of ICS gene expression. Pathogen induced biosynthesis of SA via the PAL pathway correlates inversely with phenylalanine concentrations. Although infections with either virulent or avirulent strains of the pathogens increase SA concentrations, resistance protein mediated response to avirulent P. sojae strains may function in an SA independent manner. These results show that PAL and ICS catalyzed reactions function cooperatively in soybean defense and highlight the importance of PAL in pathogen induced SA biosynthesis.
THE USE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING STAD TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS OF ACCOUNTING PROGRAM STUDENTS GRADE XI IN SMK N 1 DEPOK IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2013/2014

This action research study aimed to improve the speaking skills of grade XI Accounting Program students in SMK N 1 Depok, in the academic year of 2013/2014 through the use of cooperative learning STAD. This collaborative action research study involved 32 students of class XI AK 1, the English teacher, and the collaborator from the English Education department, Yogyakarta State University. This study was conducted in SMK N 1 Depok in three cycles and each cycle was held for two meetings for regular lessons and a meeting for a quiz in each cycle. The research procedure consisted of reconnaissance, planning, action and observation, and reflection. The data obtained during the research consisted of qualitative data and quantitative data. The qualitative data were obtained from observations and interviews while the quantitative data were gained from tests. The qualitative data were analyzed by condensing data, displaying data, and drawing conclussion. The mean scores of the tests were gained as the result of the quantitative data analysis. The validity of the research data was democratic, outcome, process, catalytic, and dialogic validity. The results of the study showed that the use of cooperative learning STAD improved the students' speaking skills. The students showed improvement in some aspects such as pronunciation, vocabulary mastery and confidence. The components of STAD contributed to promote students' participation in the classroom, and in small groups.
The General Equilibrium Impacts of Unemployment Insurance: Evidence from a Large Online Job Board

During the Great Recession, U.S. unemployment benefits were extended by up to 73 weeks. Theory predicts that extensions increase unemployment by discouraging job search, a partial equilibrium effect. Using data from the large job board CareerBuilder.com, this paper finds that a 10% increase in benefit duration decreased state level job applications by 1% but had no robust effect on job vacancies. Job seekers thus faced reduced competition for jobs, a general equilibrium effect. Calibration implies that the general equilibrium effect reduces the impact of unemployment insurance on unemployment by 40% increasing benefit duration by 10% increases unemployment by only 0.6% in equilibrium.
Spatiotemporal coupling and decoupling of gene transcription with DNA replication origins during embryogenesis in C. elegans
Venue: eLife

The primary task of developing embryos is genome replication, yet how DNA replication is integrated with the profound cellular changes that occur through development is largely unknown. Using an approach to map DNA replication at high resolution in C. elegans, we show that replication origins are marked with specific histone modifications that define gene enhancers. We demonstrate that the level of enhancer associated modifications scale with the efficiency at which the origin is utilized. By mapping replication origins at different developmental stages, we show that the positions and activity of origins is largely invariant through embryogenesis. Contrary to expectation, we find that replication origins are specified prior to the broad onset of zygotic transcription, yet when transcription initiates it does so in close proximity to the pre defined replication origins. Transcription and DNA replication origins are correlated, but the association breaks down when embryonic cell division ceases. Collectively, our data indicate that replication origins are fundamental organizers and regulators of gene activity through embryonic development.
Plant regeneration: cellular origins and molecular mechanisms
Venue: Development

Compared with animals, plants generally possess a high degree of developmental plasticity and display various types of tissue or organ regeneration. This regenerative capacity can be enhanced by exogenously supplied plant hormones in vitro, wherein the balance between auxin and cytokinin determines the developmental fate of regenerating organs. Accumulating evidence suggests that some forms of plant regeneration involve reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells, whereas others are induced through the activation of relatively undifferentiated cells in somatic tissues. We summarize the current understanding of how plants control various types of regeneration and discuss how developmental and environmental constraints influence these regulatory mechanisms.  This Review article summarises how plants control various types of regeneration and discusses how developmental and environmental constraints influence these regulatory mechanisms.
Advances in DNA metabarcoding for food and wildlife forensic species identification
Venue: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

Species identification using DNA barcodes has been widely adopted by forensic scientists as an effective molecular tool for tracking adulterations in food and for analysing samples from alleged wildlife crime incidents. DNA barcoding is an approach that involves sequencing of short DNA sequences from standardized regions and comparison to a reference database as a molecular diagnostic tool in species identification. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made towards developing DNA metabarcoding strategies, which involves next generation sequencing of DNA barcodes for the simultaneous detection of multiple species in complex samples. Metabarcoding strategies can be used in processed materials containing highly degraded DNA e.g. for the identification of endangered and hazardous species in traditional medicine. This review aims to provide insight into advances of plant and animal DNA barcoding and highlights current practices and recent developments for DNA metabarcoding of food and wildlife forensic samples from a practical point of view. Special emphasis is placed on new developments for identifying species listed in the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES) appendices for which reliable methods for species identification may signal and/or prevent illegal trade. Current technological developments and challenges of DNA metabarcoding for forensic scientists will be assessed in the light of stakeholders' needs.
Seismic Column to Footing Connections Using Grouted Splice Sleeves

Mechanical couplers have been used in connections between prefabricated reinforced concrete elements. Grouted splice sleeves offer good construction tolerance and a bond related load transfer mechanism between the connecting members. The present study investigates the seismic performance of grouted splice sleeve connections with the connectors placed in the column or footing of bridge subassemblies, and intentional debonding of the footing dowel bars. Quasi static cyclic loads were used to test three half scale precast column to footing specimens and one cast in place control specimen. The precast concrete specimens incorporated grouted splice sleeve connectors in which two bars were grouted at both ends. Experimental results show that the precast subassemblies had a lower displacement ductility capacity than the control specimen. Improved seismic response was observed when the splice sleeve connectors were located inside the footing rather than the column end. An intentional debonded reinforcing bar zone was used to further improve the displacement ductility capacity of the bridge subassembly.
Seismic Repair of Severely Damaged Precast Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Connected with Grouted Splice Sleeves

A repair technique for severely damaged precast reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns with grouted splice sleeve (GSS) connections has been developed that uses a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) shell and epoxy anchored headed bars to relocate the column plastic hinge. Four original specimens were built using an accelerated bridge construction (ABC) technique with two different GSS systems and were tested to failure using cyclic quasi static loads. One GSS system was used to connect an RC bridge pier cap to a column and the second GSS system was used to connect an RC footing to a column. Failure of the four original specimens occurred at drift ratios between 5.6 and 8.0% with longitudinal bar fracture or pullout from the GSS connections. The repair method successfully relocated the plastic hinge to the original column section adjacent to the repair and was capable of restoring the diminished load and displacement capacity. The method is a viable and cost effective technique for rapid seismic repair of severely damaged precast bridge assemblies.
Plant phenolics: a review on modern extraction techniques

Interest in the development of procedures for extraction of bioactive compounds from natural sources has increased in recent years due to the potential applications of these compounds in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The retrieval of phenolics from plant materials is greatly influenced by the extraction procedure employed and related factors. This chapter provides an updated overview of the methods used to extract phenolic compounds from plant sources, ranging from more traditional to advanced extraction processes. Problems associated with conventional extraction procedures led to demand for alternative techniques for extraction of phenolic compounds and several new extraction techniques have been developed and refined in last two decades because of their potential to efficiently extract a great variety of valuable phenolic compounds. Some promising extraction protocols used to extract the different type of plant phenolics are discussed in detail.
Epileptic MEG Spikes Detection Using Common Spatial Patterns and Linear Discriminant Analysis
Venue: IEEE Access

Epilepsy is a brain disorder, where patients' lives are extremely disturbed by the occurrence of sudden unpredictable seizures. This paper develops patient independent signal processing techniques based on common spatial patterns and linear discriminant analysis to detect epileptic activities (spikes) from multi channel brain signal recordings. In contrast to current existing studies which heavily rely on the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) data for the detection of epileptic activities, this research work considers magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings for the detection of epileptic spikes. This requires careful development since unlike EEG spikes, MEG spikes do not have well defined morphological characteristics. Due to the recent advances in MEG technology, it became possible to consider MEG signals to detect and analyze epileptic activities, but efforts to develop signal processing tools in this area are still in its outset, as compared with those devoted to EEG signal processing.
Quantifying 60 years of declining European eel (Anguilla anguilla L. 1758) fishery yields in Mediterranean coastal lagoons

The European eel Anguilla anguilla is thought to be in a multi decadal decline across its range. Although its northern Atlantic sub populations are well studied, little is known about the historical trend and current status of eel stock in the Mediterranean Sea. To fill this gap, we gathered catch data for 86 lagoon fisheries in nine countries across the Mediterranean basin and analysed historical trends and geographical and environmental patterns. We found a region wide decline in eel catch, beginning in the mid 1970s and exceeding the simultaneous decline in non eel fisheries, as well as lower productivity in larger lagoons and those in the southern Mediterranean. Additionally, we developed a population dynamics model to provide a preliminary estimate of pristine, potential, and actual escapement of spawning adults (silver eels) across the Mediterranean basin under historical and current conditions. Model results suggest that current escapement is 35% of escapement at pristine biomass levels, ,40% target set by EC regulation 1100/2007. Furthermore, we estimate that a complete closure of lagoon fisheries would achieve 57% of pristine escapement under current recruitment levels. Though preliminary, this analysis represents a first step towards a full assessment of the role of the Mediterranean subpopulation in overall eel stock recovery.