nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cardiovascular reflexes evoked by airway stimulation with allylisothiocyanate, capsaicin, and ATP in Sprague Dawley rats.
Venue: Journal of applied physiology

Acute inhalation of airborne pollutants alters cardiovascular function and evidence suggests that pollutant induced activation of airway sensory nerves via the gating of ion channels is critical to these systemic responses. Here, we have investigated the effect of capsaicin [transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist] AITC [TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) agonist] and ATP (P2X2/3 agonist) on bronchopulmonary sensory activity and cardiovascular responses of conscious Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Single fiber recordings show that allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and capsaicin selectively activate C fibers, whereas subpopulations of both A and C fibers are activated by stimulation of P2X2/3 receptors. Inhalation of the agonists by conscious rats caused significant bradycardia, atrioventricular (AV) block, and prolonged PR intervals, although ATP induced responses were lesser than those evoked by AITC or capsaicin. Responses to AITC were inhibited by the TRP channel blocker ruthenium red and the muscarinic antagonist atropine. AITC inhalation also caused a biphasic blood pressure response: a brief hypertensive phase followed by a hypotensive phase. Atropine accentuated the hypertensive phase, while preventing the hypotension. AITC evoked bradycardia was not abolished by terazosin, the a1 adrenoceptor inhibitor, which prevented the hypertensive response. Anesthetics had profound effects on AITC evoked bradycardia and AV block, which was abolished by urethane, ketamine, and isoflurane. Nevertheless, AITC inhalation caused bradycardia and AV block in paralyzed and ventilated rats following precollicular decerebration. In conclusion, we provide evidence that activation of ion channels expressed on nociceptive airway sensory nerves causes significant cardiovascular effects in conscious SD rats via reflex modulation of the autonomic nervous system.
Intrapericardial capsaicin and bradykinin induce different cardiac somatic and cardiovascular reflexes in rats
Venue: Autonomic Neuroscience

Patients with myocardial infarction experience various types of chest pain and autonomic disturbance symptoms. Studies in rats have shown that pericardial infusions of certain chemicals induce cardiac related muscle pain and cardiovascular reflexes. In the present study, bradykinin or capsaicin was injected into the pericardial sac and the resulting cardiac somatic reflexes and blood pressure (BP) alterations were record. We found that the cardiac somatic reflex induced by bradykinin had a longer latency, shorter duration, and lower firing rate than that induced by capsaicin (p<0.05) We also found that bradykinin induced a hypertensive response (p<0.05) while capsaicin induced a hypotensive response (p<0.05) Bilateral vagotomy had no effect on the cardiac somatic reflex induced by bradykinin (p>0.05) but reduced the reflex induced by capsaicin (p<0.05) However, vagotomy had no effect on the BP alterations induced by both bradykinin and capsaicin (p>0.05) These results suggest that bradykinin and capsaicin activate different pathways to induce cardiac somatic and cardiovascular reflexes and that the vagus nerve is involved in TRPV1 related muscle pain modulation.
[Physician Shortage: How to Prevent Generation Y From Staying Away Results of a Nationwide Survey]
Venue: Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie

Medical students' attitudes and expectations about their future working life are changing. To hire the best talents from Generation Y, hospitals must pay attention to these factors to make working in patient care more attractive. However, little detailed knowledge about the professional and career expectations of today's medical students is available to date.  In a nationwide online survey, a total of 9079 medical students from all German medical faculties returned the questionnaire. Twenty one questions related to future career choices and work satisfaction, followed by 21 questions dealing with reasons for not working in patient care.  Factor analysis yielded five factors: work life balance, career, professional needs, working atmosphere, and prestige. A correlation analysis between these factors and respondents' socio demographic data revealed significant correlations with sex, specialty choice, and marital/parental status. A correlation analysis with "reasons for not working in patient care" revealed that work life balance, career, professional needs, and working atmosphere had high priority for both sexes.  It is crucial to collect data on the work satisfaction of Generation Y, whose members are motivated and willing to perform in today's highly demanding work environment. However, sex dependent/independent expectations must be met to make the medical profession more attractive, to overcome the Germany wide shortage of physicians, and to attract young doctors to the hospitals.
Impact of the Mais Medicos (More Doctors) Program in reducing physician shortage in Brazilian Primary Healthcare.
Venue: Ciencia saude coletiva

The Mais Medicos (More Doctors) Program (PMM) was put in place in Brazil aiming to reduce inequalities in access to Primary Healthcare. Based on diverse evidence that pointed to a scenario of profound shortage of doctors in the country, one of its central thrusts was emergency provision of these professionals in vulnerable areas, referred to as the Mais Medicos para o Brasil (More Doctors for Brazil) Project. The article analyses the impact of the PMM in reducing shortage of physicians in Brazilian municipalities. To do this, it uses the Primary Healthcare Physicians Shortage Index, which identifies and measures the shortage in the periods of March 2003 and September 2015, before and after implementation of the program. The results show that there was a substantial increase in the supply of physicians in primary healthcare in the period, which helped reduce the number of municipalities with shortage from 1,200 to 777. This impact also helped reduce inequalities between municipalities, but the inequities in distribution persisted. It was also found that there was a reduction in the regular supply of doctors made by municipalities, suggesting that these were being simply substituted by the supply coming from the program. Thus, an overall situation of insecurity in care persists, reflecting the dependence of municipalities on the physician supply from the federal government.
The Dangerous Drugs Act Amendment in Jamaica: Reviewing goals, implementation, and challenges.
Venue: The International journal on drug policy

After decades of internal discussion, the Government of Jamaica recently amended its laws to create a regulated and licensed cannabis industry for medical and scientific purposes. The new law also decriminalizes personal possession and use of cannabis; allows cannabis to be used by individuals for religious, medical, scientific and therapeutic purposes; and permits home cultivation of up to five plants.  We first describe the statutory changes under the Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act of 2015 and compare it with other jurisdictions. We provide an analytical framework for understanding how the DDA Amendment affects key populations and achieves its stated goals, drawing on publicly available information and unstructured interviews with non governmental stakeholders in Jamaica.  The Amendment's primary goals are to deliver economic impact and reduce criminal justice costs. A relaxed policy of enforcement toward possession and use seems to have occurred even before the law's passage; after the law's passage, enforcement remains limited. To access medical cannabis under the DDA residents must receive authorization from a certified health professional in Jamaica; tourists may self declare their medical need; and Rastafarians may grow and exchange non commercially for religious purposes.  Internally, many see "ganja" as an industry sorely needed to drive economic growth in Jamaica. Indeed, the potential impacts could be large, especially if Jamaica draws additional tourism or creates a viable export industry. A growing cannabis related tourism industry seems more realistic. We maintain that policymakers and observers should proceed in an orderly fashion, continuing to identify and resolve remaining uncertainties, initiate new types of data collection, and make decisions based on realistic assessments of potentials for economic impact.
Land based Financing in Metropolitan Cities in India: The Case of Hyderabad and Mumbai

Major cities in developing countries face infrastructure shortage and inadequate financial outlays to overcome it. One way to raise finances is by leveraging the increasing urban land values using different mechanisms. This article studies the experience of land based financing in the metropolitan cities of Hyderabad and Mumbai in India. It assesses the performance of various mechanisms implemented by the principal urban local bodies and development authorities in these cities by examining their design, collections and utilisation of revenues from land based financing mechanisms for infrastructure provision. It finds that although land based financing contributes substantially to revenues of public bodies, there are issues regarding efficacy of design and legal validity that need to be addressed to make it sustainable. Further, the article finds that to a certain extent, some of the public organisations use revenues from land based financing for capital expenditure.
On Building Test Automation System for Mobile Applications Using GUI Ripping
Venue: SEKE

With the rapid advance of mobile computing technology and wireless networking, there is a significant increase of mobile subscriptions. This brings new business requirements and demands in mobile software testing, and causes new issues and challenges in mobile testing and automation. Current existing mobile application testing tools mostly concentrate on GUI, load and performance testing which seldom consider large scale concurrent automation, coverage analysis, fault tolerance and usage of well defined models. This paper introduces an implemented system that provides an automation solution across platforms on diverse devices using GUI ripping test scripting technique. Through incorporating open source technologies such as Appium and Selenium Grid, this paper addresses the scalable test automation control with the capability of fault tolerant. Additionally, maximum test coverage can also be obtained by executing parallel test scripts within the model. Finally, the paper reports case studies to indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Parallel Differential Evolution Based on Distributed Cloud Computing Resources for Power Electronic Circuit Optimization
Venue: GECCO

Power electronic circuit (PEC) design and optimization is a significant problem in engineering area. Due to its complexity, evolutionary computation algorithms such as differential evolution (DE) genetic algorithms, and particle swarm optimization have been used successfully to obtain optimal components for PEC. However, since the fitness evaluation of PEC is often very expensive, these methods are computationally demanding and cannot easily be used for real time control or large scale problem. Therefore, finding a simple and powerful method to reduce the computational time is an important work. In this paper, a distributed parallel DE (PDE) is proposed to implement on a set of distributed cloud computing resources in order to accelerate the computation. The experimental results indicate that more computational resources for parallel implementation can indeed help to reduce the computational time efficiently. Therefore, the PDE paradigm significantly speeds up the computation for expensive fitness evaluation, making it more suitable for complex optimization problems in big data environments.
Autism and new media: Disability between technology and society
Venue: New Media Soc.

This article explores the elective affinities between autism and new media. Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) provides a uniquely apt case for considering the conceptual link between mental disability and media technology. Tracing the history of the disorder through its various media connections and connotations, we propose a narrative of the transition from impaired sociability in person to fluent social media by network. New media introduce new affordances for people with ASD: The Internet provides habitat free of the burdens of face to face encounters, high tech industry fares well with the purported special abilities of those with Asperger's syndrome, and digital technology offers a rich metaphorical depository for the condition as a whole. Running throughout is a gender bias that brings communication and technology into the fray of biology versus culture. Autism invites us to rethink our assumptions about communication in the digital age, accounting for both the pains and possibilities it entails.
Talent Management as a Key Aspect of Human Resources Management Strategy in Contemporary Enterprise

The aim of the article is to present the essence of talent management and indicate its place and role in the strategy of human resource management in modern enterprises. Paper begins with a presentation and explanation the definition of talent and talent management (included its functions and tasks) Then, based on the comparative method, have been shown and discussed theoretical models of talent management presented in the literature. The paper concludes with an attempt to define the role of talent management in human resources management strategy in modern companies.
What Is the Nature of Hedge Fund Manager Skills? Evidence from the Risk Arbitrage Strategy
Venue: Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis

To understand the nature of hedge fund managers' skills, we study the implementation of risk arbitrage by hedge funds using their portfolio holdings and comparing them with those of other institutional arbitrageurs. We find that hedge funds significantly outperform a naive risk arbitrage portfolio by 3.7% annually on a risk adjusted basis, whereas non hedge fund arbitrageurs fail to outperform the benchmark. Our analysis reveals that hedge funds' superior performance does not reflect fund managers' ability to predict or affect the outcome of merger and acquisition deals; rather, hedge fund managers' superior performance is attributed to their ability to manage downside risk.
Comparing Building Information Modeling Skills of Project Managers and BIM Managers Based on Social Media Analysis

Building Information Modeling (BIM) education may accelerate the process of adopting BIM in construction projects. The education community has been examining the best ways of introducing BIM into the curricula. However, individuals in different positions, such as project managers and BIM managers, may require different BIM skills in practice. Thus, understanding BIM skills could help to better formulate the education program for college students and industry professionals. The authors explored this topic by addressing two research questions: 1) What are the BIM skills possessed by individuals that increase the likelihood of having the titles "project manager" and "BIM manager" 2) How do these skill sets differ between project managers and BIM managers? These questions are addressed through an analysis of the LinkedIn profiles of architecture, engineering, construction, and operations (AECO) professionals. Data collection involved gathering endorsed skills, number of endorsements, current position, past positions, and years of work experiences from LinkedIn profiles of AECO professionals. This article identified BIM skills and other skills correlated with BIM skills that increase the likelihood of an individual to own the titles of "project manager" and "BIM manager." This analysis showed that the number of skills shared between project managers and BIM managers were greater than the number of unique skills possessed by either position. While the two positions shared certain skills, subsequent analysis suggested that many of those skills were correlated with different skills. This may suggest that, while there is overlap in the skills possessed between individuals in each position, the way in which they use those skillsets may differ.
Soft Skills The Importance of Cultivating Emotional Intelligence

Organizations hire people for their hard skills, but they end up firing people for their lack of soft skills. In this brief essay, Professor Wheeler, an experienced law library director and personnel manager, discusses soft skills and their importance in the workplace. He posits that emotional intelligence is the basis of what we commonly call soft skills, and although for some these skills are innate, they can be developed and sharpened over time. Wheeler uses personal anecdotes to illustrate how emotional intelligence has enhanced his own professional life.
Dispersion Characteristics of Zinc Oxide Nanorods Coated with Thin Silver Layer and Organized in Two Dimensional Uniform Arrays

The problem on electromagnetic waves propagation in a two dimensional periodic array of zinc oxide nano waveguides covered with a thin metal film is solved by the method of variables separation in cylindrical coordinates. The numerical results obtained by the method are in good agreement with the results computed by the commercial software COMSOL MultiphysicsTM over all optical range and have minor deviations for the wavelength range close to the critical wavelength. Resonances located at the amplitude frequency characteristics of optical nano antennas may be interpreted as resonances of circular bilayer nano wave guide segments with the ZnO core covered with thin metal shell. The results may also be used to predict the resonance wavelength of two dimensional periodic arrays of ZnO nanorods coated with a thin metal layer and grown on a dielectric substrate.
Autoimmune vitiligo in rheumatic disease in the mestizo Mexican population
Venue: Biomedical reports

Vitiligo is a chronic disease characterized by the dysfunction or destruction of melanocytes with secondary depigmentation. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of vitiligo associated with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The clinical records from a 10 year database of patients with rheumatic diseases and associated vitiligo was analysed, with one group of patients having autoimmune rheumatic disease and another non autoimmune rheumatic disease. Available serum samples were used to assess the anti melanocyte antibodies. A total of 5,251 individual clinical files were archived in the last 10 years, and these patients underwent multiple rheumatology consultations, with 0.3% of the group presenting with vitiligo. The prevalence of vitiligo in the autoimmune rheumatic disease group was 0.672% which was mainly associated with lupus and arthritis. However, patients with more than one autoimmune disease had an increased relative risk to develop vitiligo, and anti melanocyte antibodies were positive in 92% of these patients. By contrast, the prevalence was 0.082% in the group that lacked autoimmune rheumatic disease and had negative autoantibodies. In conclusion, the association between vitiligo and autoimmune rheumatic diseases was relatively low. However, the relative risk increased when there were other autoimmune comorbidities, such as thyroiditis or celiac disease. Therefore, the presence of multiple autoimmune syndromes should be suspected.
A Cognitive Overview of Limb Apraxia
Venue: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Since the first studies on limb apraxia carried out by Hugo Liepmann more than a century ago, research interests focused on the way humans process manual gestures by assessing gesture production after patients suffered neurologic deficits. Recent reviews centered their attention on deficits in gesture imitation or processing object related gestures, namely pantomimes and transitive gestures, thereby neglecting communicative/intransitive gestures. This review will attempt to reconcile limb apraxia in its entirety. To this end, the existing cognitive models of praxis processing that have been designed to account for the complexity of this disorder will be taken into account, with an attempt to integrate in these models the latest findings in the studies of limb apraxia, in particular on meaningful gestures. Finally, this overview questions the very nature of limb apraxia when other cognitive deficits are observed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF FACULTY MEMBERS IN KURDISTAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES

Organizational commitment and professional ethics are two of the most important issues in highereducation. The commitment to these issues is very challenging for the faculty members. The aim ofthis study was to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and organizationalcommitment of faculty members.This was a descriptive correlative study. The sample consisted of 150 faculty members of KurdistanUniversity of Medical Sciences, they were randomly selected. The data selection tools were threequestionnaires including demographic work ethics and organizational commitment questionnaires.Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and single sample t test using SPSS (V. The mean score of professional ethics was 6.06 1.05 and the mean score of organizationalcommitment was 4.26 1.10 which were above average of 4. The scores of professional ethics andorganizational commitment dimensions were also higher than average. There was a significantrelationship between professional ethics and organizational commitment and their dimensions (P<0.05, r=0. According to the findings, more attention to ethical standards and promotion of them among facultymembers is necessary. This is the responsibility of the managers of higher education institutions.Professional Ethics; Ethics, Institutional; Faculty
Mechanism Design for Personalized Recommender Systems
Venue: RecSys

Strategic behaviour from sellers on e commerce websites, such as faking transactions and manipulating the recommendation scores through artificial reviews, have been among the most notorious obstacles that prevent websites from maximizing the efficiency of their recommendations. Previous approaches have focused almost exclusively on machine learning related techniques to detect and penalize such behaviour. In this paper, we tackle the problem from a different perspective, using the approach of the field of mechanism design. We put forward a game model tailored for the setting at hand and aim to construct truthful mechanisms, i.e. mechanisms that do not provide incentives for dishonest reputation augmenting actions, that guarantee good recommendations in the worst case. For the setting with two agents, we propose a truthful mechanism that is optimal in terms of social efficiency. For the general case of m agents, we prove both lower and upper bound results on the effciency of truthful mechanisms and propose truthful mechanisms that yield significantly better results, when compared to an existing mechanism from a leading e commerce site on real data.