nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Ledger Technologies in Securities Post Trading Revolution or Evolution?

Over the last decade, information technology has contributed significantly to the evolution of financial markets, without, however, revolutionising the way in which financial institutions interact with one another. This may be about to change, as some market players are now predicting that new database technologies, such as blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) could be the source of an imminent revolution. This paper analyses the main features of DLTs that could influence their potential adoption by financial institutions and discusses how the use of these technologies could affect the European post trade market for securities. The original protocol underlying DLTs has its roots in the anarchic world of virtual currencies, which operate outside the conventional financial system. The public debate on DLTs has also been very much focused on the revolutionary potential of the technology. This paper concludes that, irrespective of the technology used and the market players involved, certain processes that feature in the post trade market for securities will still need to be performed by institutions. DLTs could, however, stimulate a reorganisation of financial markets, which could in turn: (i) reduce reconciliation costs, (ii) streamline the post trade value chain, and (iii) allow more efficient use to be made of collateral and regulatory capital. It should, nevertheless, be remembered that research into DLTs and their uses is at an early stage. The scope for financial institutions to adopt DLTs and their potential impact on mainstream financial markets are still unclear. This paper discusses three potential models of how market players could adopt DLTs for performing core post trade functions. The DLT could be adopted either: (i) in clusters, (ii) collectively, or (iii) peer to peer. The evaluation of the three adoption models assumes that they are all equally compatible with the regulatory framework. It shows that, assuming this to be the case, they would each have different advantages and costs.
The evolution of post starburst galaxies from z=2 to 0.5

We present the evolution in the number density and stellar mass functions of photometrically selected post starburst galaxies in the UKIDSSUltraDeep Survey,with redshifts of 0.5 10. We find that this transitionary species of galaxy is rare at all redshifts, contributing ~5 per cent of the total population at z 2, to <1 per cent by z 0.5. By comparing the mass functions of quiescent galaxies to post starburst galaxies at three cosmic epochs, we show that rapid quenching of star formation can account for 100 per cent of quiescent galaxy formation, if the post starburst spectral features are visible for ~250 Myr. The flattening of the low mass end of the quiescent galaxy stellar mass function seen at z 1 can be entirely explained by the addition of rapidly quenched galaxies. Only if a significant fraction of post starburst galaxies have features that are visible for longer than 250 Myr, or they acquire new gas and return to the star forming sequence, can there be significant growth of the red sequence from a slower quenching route. The shape of the mass function of these transitory post starburst galaxies resembles that of quiescent galaxies at z 2, with a preferred stellar mass of log (M/M) ~10.6, but evolves steadily to resemble that of star forming galaxies at z 2 they are exclusively massive galaxies that have formed the bulk of their stars during a rapid assembly period, followed by complete quenching of further star formation; (2) at z
Microstructure evolution of granular soils in cyclic mobility and post liquefaction process

Understanding the evolution of microstructure in granular soils can provide significant insights into constitutive modeling of soil liquefaction. In this study, micromechanical perspectives of the liquefaction process are investigated using the Discrete Element simulation. It is observed that during various stages of undrained cyclic loading, the soil exhibits definitive change in the load bearing structure, indicated by evolution of the coordination number and non affine displacements. A new particle void fabric, termed as "centroid distance" is also proposed to quantify the evolution of particles and voids distribution in the granular packing. The fabric index is found to have strong correlation with cyclic mobility and post liquefaction deformation of granular soils. Evolution of the fabric index indicates that particles and voids redistribute irreversibly before and after liquefaction. A highly anisotropic particle void structure and loading bearing capacity can be formed in the post liquefaction stage.
DNA SLAM: Dense Noise Aware SLAM for ToF RGB D Cameras
Venue: ACCV Workshops

SLAM with RGB D cameras is a very active field in Computer Vision as well as Robotics. Dense methods using all depth and intensity information showed best results in the past. However, usually they were developed and evaluated with RGB D cameras using Pattern Projection like the Kinect v1 or Xtion Pro. Recently, Time of Flight (ToF) cameras like the Kinect v2 or Google Tango were released promising higher quality. While the overall accuracy increases for these ToF cameras, noisy pixels are introduced close to discontinuities, in the image corners and on dark/glossy surfaces. These inaccuracies need to be specially addressed for dense SLAM. Thus, we present a new Dense Noise Aware SLAM (DNA SLAM) which considers explicitly the noise characteristics of ToF RGB D cameras with a sophisticated weighting scheme. In a rigorous evaluation on public benchmarks we show the superior accuracy of our algorithm compared to the state of the art.
Fundamental Limits of Communication With Low Probability of Detection
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

This paper considers the problem of communication over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) or an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel subject to the constraint that the probability that an adversary who observes the channel outputs can detect the communication is low. In particular, the relative entropy between the output distributions when a codeword is transmitted and when no input is provided to the channel must be sufficiently small. For a DMC whose output distribution induced by the "off" input symbol is not a mixture of the output distributions induced by other input symbols, it is shown that the maximum amount of information that can be transmitted under this criterion scales like the square root of the blocklength. The same is true for the AWGN channel. Exact expressions for the scaling constant are also derived.
Vertical and temporal variability in the probability of detection of fruit feeding butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) in tropical forest

One important source of variation present in all biodiversity sampling protocols is species detection probability (i.e. the probability of observing a species, given that it is present at a site) In tropical forests, many species have very low probability of detection, and thus they can be easily overlooked. Measuring the detection probability (detectability) of these species is important to determine the sampling effort required to accurately record them. In the present study, the variation of detectability of fruit feeding butterflies and moths between strata (understory vs. canopy) temporally across sampling months, and in relation to observed abundance were examined in the Amazon and Atlantic forests using models of logistic regression. These results enabled the estimation of the sampling effort required to detect a given fraction of the total assemblage. Species detectability was positively correlated with observed abundance for both butterflies and moths. In the Amazon, most species were more detectable in a specific stratum (canopy or understory) Biblidinae, Charaxinae and Satyrini showed temporal variation in detection probability in Atlantic Forest, with distinct peaks during July August, November, and March. In contrast, Brassolini and Coeini showed peak detectability in January and March, respectively. The vertical and temporal variation in detection probability means that sampling effort must be applied strategically to the correct seasons and strata to improve the accuracy of results. The estimated minimum sampling effort to detect 70% of the species present in these tropical forests is 428 trap days in Atlantic Forest and 1435 trap days in the Central Amazon forest.
Development of Appetizer from Box Myrtle (Myrica nagi) and its Quality Evaluation during Storage

Box myrtle (Myrica nagi) a wild fruit is a rich source of antioxidants like phenols and anthocyanins, and has commercial importance because of higher sugar content. Investigations were conducted to develop a commercial appetizer (spiced squash) and evaluate its quality during storage. Different combinations of juice and sugar syrup were tried to standardize a proper combination for appetizer. The appetizer prepared by the optimize recipe was packed in glass and PET bottles and stored for six months under ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions. Appetizer could be safely stored for a period of six months under both the ambient and refrigerated conditions without much change in various quality characteristics. However, the changes in the quality characteristics of the appetizer were slower in refrigerated storage conditions as compared to ambient conditions. Both the packaging materials viz. PET and glass bottles were found suitable, with comparatively lesser changes occurring in glass bottle under refrigerated conditions than others.
A Comparative Study on Nearest Neighbor Based Outlier Detection in Data Mining

Outlier detection is an important branch in the field of data mining, which is the discovery of data that deviate a lot from other data patterns. The identification of outlier is lead to the discovery of unexpected knowledge in the area such as fraud detection, intrusion detection, customer behavior analysis, fault diagnosis, time series monitoring, etc. This paper describes the performance of Nearest Neighbor based Techniques and Statistical based Approach for identifying outlier in data mining. Finally, the experimental results show that the both approaches of outlier identification techniques performances are compared.
Clustering Algorithm Based Outlier Detection in Data Mining

Many data mining applications, the most important step is detecting outliers in a dataset. Outlier detection for data mining is usually based on distance, clustering and spatial methods. This study deals with locating outliers in large and multidimensional data sets with k means, k medoids and Fuzzy C Means clustering methods. The k means clustering algorithm partitions a dataset into the amount of clusters and then the effects are used to key out the outliers from each cluster, using any one of the outlier detection methods. The k means clustering algorithm is improved in three ways. The initial step by using a different distance metric. The second and third improvements are carried forward by automating the method of estimating 'k' value and primary seed selection using the improved clustering algorithm. The calculated results show that classification accuracy, speeds are enhanced and normalized root mean square error is scaled down.
Outlier detection using divide and conquer strategy in density based clustering
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE)

This paper proposes an algorithm to output clusters and outliers in a divide and conquer manner. The concepts of density in context of the objects and their clusters are defined as computable mathematical notions. A density based clustering approach is followed to identify core objects and outliers in each cluster. The utility of proposed clustering method for outlier detection is demonstrated through experiments performed over some popular and real life datasets. The results support the claim about the efficacy of proposed algorithm for purpose of outlier detection. It does not suffer from the drawback of over rejection.
Tap into Students' Metacognitive Strategies Report via the Internet Mediated Contextualized English for Domestic Tourism Lessons (InConMedt)

The objectives of this paper were to compare total and individual metacognitive strategies by four groups of university students from different majors in five different tourism situational lessons. The total of 34 students participated in this study, and they were categorized into four groups based on their major of study and English proficiency level. The research instruments were a web based speaking test in English for Tourism (WBST EFT) a strategy coding scheme and the Internet mediated contextualized English for Domestic Tourism lessons (InConMedt) Mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed in the present study. The quantitative analysis included Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U test as well as Chi square, mean rank, frequency and percentages. Qualitative content analysis from the verbal reports in the stimulated recall session on metacognitive strategies was employed in this study. The findings showed that four groups significantly and differently employed total metacognitive strategies in five lessons, 2 (3, N 34) 10.00, p .01. The significant difference was evident in the use of individual metacognitive strategies including goal setting and planning of the groups and in a particular lesson. The insights from the verbal report content analysis revealed significant information on how the high proficiency group effectively employed their metacognitive strategy in their speaking performances; whereas the information from the low proficiency group also shed more light in the instructional approach on how to train these students to improve their speaking ability using effective strategies.
An acoustic analogy and scale resolving flow simulation methodology for the prediction of propeller radiated noise

A methodology for the prediction of underwater radiated noise from ships is presented and applied to a configuration of a cavitating propeller, operating in behind condition. A scale resolved incompressible Large Eddy Simulation technique together with an acoustic analogy is em ployed, with cavitation represented through a mixture assumption using a volume of fluid approach and explicit mass transfer modelling. The main configuration studied is the catamaran hull and propeller of a small research vessel in model scale. The hull and a complete geometrical model of the propeller is included, while the free surface is neglected in the simulation. Results of radiated noise from the complete configuration are presented and com pared with experimental data. Further, as an intermediate step, the propeller alone on inclined shaft is studied for both cavitating and non cavitating conditions.
Marine propeller acoustic modelling: comparing CFD results with an acoustic analogy method

Propeller noise and vibration is important in the design of ships in order to improve comfort, reduce signature or mitigate environmental impact. Since acoustic measurements are often difficult to perform in typical maritime experimental facilities, acoustic predictions based on computations are attractive. We utilised an acoustic analogy method to make acoustic predictions based on post processing of a hydrodynamic simulation. Grids were designed to improve the resolution of the pressure field away from the propeller. This was then used as a comparison for the acoustic analogy method. The local pressure at a field point was shown to be more sensitive to grid refinement than integrated propeller performance coefficients. Although the predictions made using the acoustic analogy in general agree well with the directly computed pressure, the method also suffers from sensitivity to the required input data (pressure, velocity and acceleration) For a probe located further away from the propeller, where the pressure amplitudes are smaller, numerical disturbances are seen, which could affect predictions, especially when higher frequencies are of interest. This highlights the need for a well converged accurate hydrodynamic solution when using an acoustic analogy method. Visualisation of the acoustic sources not only confirms the dominant noise generating effects but also allows the spatial distribution of the acoustic sources to be examined. This may be useful for future noise reduction studies.
Characterisation of sheet cavity noise of a hydrofoil using the Ffowcs Williams Hawkings acoustic analogy

Concerns about pollution of the marine environment with ship induced noise and the scarcity of available numerical methods have recently stimulated significant amounts of research in hydroacoustic modelling. In this work, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used with Schnerr Sauer mass transfer cavitation model and a porous Ffowcs Williams Hawkings (FW H) acoustic analogy in order to simulate sheet cavitation on a NACA0009 hydrofoil. The aim is to investigate how well the proposed method captures the dominant noise sources associated with periodic sheet cavitation. The study further focuses on practical aspects, such as the importance of the non linear FW H term and convergence of the acoustic solution depending on the choice of the integration surface. This is done by correlating the radiated noise with integral and local flow quantities, such as cavity volume, lift coefficient and local vapour content. A key finding of the study is that the simulation framework is capable of correctly capturing the monopole nature of the sound generated by an oscillating cavity sheet. Results indicate that the numerical method is incapable of accurately resolving the flow during the final collapse stages of smaller cavity clouds, mainly due to mesh density limitations and the use of an incompressible flow assumption. Lack of small scale bubble structures also causes the high frequency range of the noise spectra to be under predicted. Despite certain limitations the presented method offers a significant insight into the nature of cavitation dominated noise and allows for some of the dominant sound generating mechanisms to be categorised.
The Obama Administration, International Law, and Executive Minimalism
Venue: American Journal of International Law

When President Barack Obama came into office in 2009 in the midst of serious, ongoing terrorist threats to the United States, he confronted important choices about how to approach the bodies of international law that regulate the resort to force and the conduct of armed conflict. By many accounts, the Bush administration had taken a maximalist approach to those bodies of international law, staking out broad substantive claims about what international law permitted in resorting to force and in detaining and treating members of Al Qaeda, and asserting those claims publicly and frequently. The Obama administration has repeatedly taken a notably different tack, employing an approach that we might characterize as "executive minimalism." That is, the Obama administration has signaled to other states its interest in self constraint by making fewer bold substantive and rhetorical claims related to the jus ad bellum and jus in bello. It has pursued this objective partly by establishing various policies that authorize a narrower scope of action than what some believe international law permits. In particular contexts, it has also been more hesitant as a rhetorical matter to assert precise legal claims about what international law allows or where international law's limits lie. Accordingly, the Obama administration has sometimes taken action in the face of two (or more) possible legal theories without articulating its specific rationale.
The impact of forest harvesting on caribou moose wolf interactions decreases along a latitudinal gradient

Human activities can impact animal communities by altering species interactions. The influence of forest harvesting on the interaction between threatened boreal caribou, moose, and wolves constitutes a classic example. When conifer forests are logged, clear cuts are colonized by deciduous vegetation that provides high quality food for moose. Subsequent changes in wolf distribution alter predation risk for caribou. Given that primary productivity varies along latitudinal gradients, the effects of logging on moose caribou wolf interactions could also vary moving northwards. Empirical evidence, however, is lacking and current recommendations for caribou conservation are fixed over space. We assessed whether the impact of logging activities on caribou moose wolf interactions varies with latitude. We estimated deciduous vegetation availability from satellite imagery, and followed all three species with GPS collars to evaluate their habitat selection. We found that the availability of deciduous vegetation in logged stands decreased along a 400 km latitudinal gradient. The probability of caribou occurrence remained low in clear cuts, regardless of deciduous vegetation availability. Moose and wolves increased their selection for clear cuts as they contained more deciduous vegetation. Accordingly, the relative co occurrence probability of moose and wolves was strongly associated with clear cuts at low latitudes, but weakly so at high latitudes. Clear cuts should therefore attract moose and wolves more strongly to prime boreal caribou habitat at lower latitudes, and caribou predation risk should follow similar geographical patterns. Conservation planning should account for geographical patterns in the risk faced by threatened populations because the effectiveness of strategies developed from average patterns can decrease over space, in consistent manner.
Evaluating the influence of anthropogenic landscape change on wolf distribution: implications for woodland caribou.

Across much of the range of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) predator prey dynamics have changed as a result of large scale industrial development. Land clearing and associated early successional forests have resulted in a greater density and distribution of moose (Alces alces) deer (Odocoileus spp. and their associated predators. This process of apparent competition has resulted in increased predation on woodland caribou. We employed a combination of field and statistical methods to better understand the distribution and interactions of wolves (Canis lupus) and caribou across a region with high levels of industrial development. We used count models to investigate the frequency of wolf occurrence relative to landcover types, disturbance features, and caribou habitat. As predicted, the co occurrence between caribou and wolves was rare. Similarly, the remains of caribou were identified at a small proportion of the sites where wolves killed large prey. Caribou occurred at low densities across the study area, and thus, wolves likely pursued other more abundant deer species. Encounters between wolves and caribou habitat was most likely to occur in the low elevation boreal forest and areas closer to and with higher densities of forestry cutblocks. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the spatial dynamics of multi species interactions when developing recovery strategies for threatened and endangered species.