nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The importance of being natural in a human altered riverscape: role of wetland type in supporting habitat heterogeneity and the functional diversity of vegetation

Human activities have dramatically affected the status of river ecosystems, mainly by completely altering their natural dynamics. One of the main questions in this regard is: 'How do the origin (natural or artificial) and hydrology (lentic or lotic) of a riverine wetland influence its heterogeneity and the functional diversity of its vegetation? To answer this question, data from 60 wetlands were collected along the Oglio River (northern Italy) a ~700 km2 ecosystem that is a typically over exploited plain. In order to perform a quantitative assessment of habitat heterogeneity and vegetation diversity, a hierarchical approach was applied to sample sites divided into four functional zones (FZs) according to distinct seasonal inundation patterns (persistently aquatic, riparian, seasonally emergent and lateral zones) Plant communities were randomly surveyed in each FZ by using five replicates of 4 m2 plots for aquatic and herbaceous plant communities and five replicates of 64 m2 plots for woody and shrub communities. Data on species cover were estimated by standard methods (geometric centered scale) The highest values of heterogeneity (FZs per site) and vegetation diversity (plant communities per site) were found in natural lentic sites, whereas natural lotic sites exhibited the lowest values. A clear dependence of plant community assets on wetland origin was detected, thereby confirming the close relationship between heterogeneity and vegetation diversity. Present results highlight the fundamental role played by natural sites in maintaining aquatic and wetland vegetation diversity in human altered riverscapes. The pivotal role of water level fluctuations in promoting the diversity and distribution of aquatic and hygrophilous vegetation also clearly emerges.
Using structural equation modeling to link human activities to wetland ecological integrity

The integrity of wetlands is of global concern. A common approach to evaluating ecological integrity involves bioassessment procedures that quantify the degree to which communities deviate from historical norms. While helpful, bioassessment provides little information about how altered conditions connect to community response. More detailed information is needed for conservation and restoration. We have illustrated an approach to addressing this challenge using structural equation modeling (SEM) and long term monitoring data from Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) Wetlands in RMNP are threatened by a complex history of anthropogenic disturbance including direct alteration of hydrologic regimes; elimination of elk, wolves, and grizzly bears; reintroduction of elk (absent their primary predators) and the extirpation of beaver. More recently, nonnative moose were introduced to the region and have expanded into the park. Bioassessment suggests that up to half of the park's wetlands are not in reference condition. We developed and evaluated a general hypothesis about how human alterations influence wetland integrity and then develop a specific model using RMNP wetlands. Bioassessment revealed three bioindicators that appear to be highly sensitive to human disturbance (HD) (1) conservatism, (2) degree of invasion, and (3) cover of native forbs. SEM analyses suggest several ways human activities have impacted wetland integrity and the landscape of RMNP. First, degradation is highest where the combined effects of all types of direct HD have been the greatest (i.e. there is a general, overall effect) Second, specific HDs appear to create a "mixed bag" of complex indirect effects, including reduced invasion and increased conservatism, but also reduced native forb cover. Some of these effects are associated with alterations to hydrologic regimes, while others are associated with altered shrub production. Third, landscape features created by historical beaver activity continue to influence wetland integrity years after beavers have abandoned sites via persistent landforms and reduced biomass of tall shrubs. Our model provides a system level perspective on wetland integrity and provides a context for future evaluations and investigations. It also suggests scientifically supported natural resource management strategies that can assist in the National Park Service mission of maintaining or, when indicated, restoring ecological integrity "unimpaired for future generations."
Radiation sterilization of tissue allografts: A review.
Venue: World journal of radiology

Tissue substitutes are required in a number of clinical conditions for treatment of injured and diseased tissues. Tissues like bone, skin, amniotic membrane and soft tissues obtained from human donor can be used for repair or reconstruction of the injured part of the body. Allograft tissues from human donor provide an excellent alternative to autografts. However, major concern with the use of allografts is the risk of infectious disease transmission. Therefore, tissue allografts should be sterilized to make them safe for clinical use. Gamma radiation has several advantages and is the most suitable method for sterilization of biological tissues. This review summarizes the use of gamma irradiation technology as an effective method for sterilization of biological tissues and ensuring safety of tissue allografts.
Sparsh Glove: A Gesture Based Hardware Control for a Multipurpose Wheelchair

The problems of locomotion exist not only for the aged, but also for the physically challenged, who might still be in the prime of their youth. The earlier versions of the wheelchair demand much of the manual effort to move the wheelchair. This paper presents a Sparsh Glove control system, aiming to resolve these issues, by allowing the user to control a wheelchair using natural gestures. The Sparsh Glove takes advantage of a multitude of sensors to capture hand movements and uses this information to control a wheelchair which also has provisions for seat elevation and various other features. Further, the wheelchair is designed to warn the user whenever there is an obstacle in the path of the wheel, and if there is any obstruction behind the user.  Uno, Arduino IDE, XBee transceiver, Smart wheel chair,DC motor, Flex sensors, Seat
Pengaruh Family Psychoeducation terhadap Beban dan Kemampuan Keluarga dalam Merawat Klien Halusinasi di Kabupaten Bantul Tahun 2007

Mental dosorder in brief range of time and surely long range, will result the burden client, family and also state. The aim of this research is to know the influence of Family Psychoeducation toward family abilities and burdens to care of clients with hallucination. This research uses quantitative method with experimental quasi approaching. This research was take on 4 Public Health Center (Puskesmas) at Bantul District that are Puskesmas Kasihan 1, Kasihan 2, Sewon 1 and Imogiri 1. Samples was taken by used simple random sampling as much 28 samples for control intervention groups Data collected by using questionnaire and intervention modul that is FPE. Data analyzed by using chi square and paired test, withp value result 0,05. The Result of this research influenced of FPE, which are decreasing burden and increasing family abilities to care of clients with hallucination. Also concluded that characteristics of the family and client are not as confounding variable. The result of the research is recommend the health services of Puskesmas to facilitate application FPE for families, which have member suffering mental disorder Gangguan jiwa dalam kurun waktu singkat apalagi jangka panjang, akan mengakibatkan beban pada klien, keluarga serta negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Family Psychoeducation terhadap beban dan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat klien dengan halusinasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuasi eksperimen. Tempat penelitian dilakukan di 4 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Bantul yaitu Puskesmas Kasihan 1, Kasihan 2, Sewon 1 dan Imogiri 1. Cara pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan simple random sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 28 untuk kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner dan modul intervensi yaitu Family Psychoeducation. Analisa data menggunakan chi square dan paired t test, dengan hasil p value 0,05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh Family Psychoeducation yaitu penurunan beban dan peningkatan kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat klien dengan halusinasi. Selain itu didapatkan bahwa karakteristik keluarga dan klien tidak menjadi variabel konfonding. Rekomendasi penelitian ini terutama ditujukan kepada pelayanan kesehatan di puskesmas agar menfasilitasi untuk penerapan family psychoeducation bagi keluarga yang memiliki anggota keluarga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa.
Current strategies for protein production and purification enabling membrane protein structural biology.
Venue: Biochemistry and cell biology Biochimie et biologie cellulaire

Membrane proteins are still heavily under represented in the protein data bank (PDB) owing to multiple bottlenecks. The typical low abundance of membrane proteins in their natural hosts makes it necessary to overexpress these proteins either in heterologous systems or through in vitro translation/cell free expression. Heterologous expression of proteins, in turn, leads to multiple obstacles, owing to the unpredictability of compatibility of the target protein for expression in a given host. The highly hydrophobic and (or) amphipathic nature of membrane proteins also leads to challenges in producing a homogeneous, stable, and pure sample for structural studies. Circumventing these hurdles has become possible through the introduction of novel protein production protocols; efficient protein isolation and sample preparation methods; and, improvement in hardware and software for structural characterization. Combined, these advances have made the past 10 15 years very exciting and eventful for the field of membrane protein structural biology, with an exponential growth in the number of solved membrane protein structures. In this review, we focus on both the advances and diversity of protein production and purification methods that have allowed this growth in structural knowledge of membrane proteins through X ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and cryo electron microscopy (cryo EM)
Social Influences on Executive Functions Development in Children and Adolescents: Steps Toward a Social Neuroscience of Predictive Adaptive Responses
Venue: Journal of abnormal child psychology

This commentary discusses the findings and implications of four empirical papers that establish a reciprocal, longitudinal link between the social environment and executive functions from childhood to adolescence. Two future directions are suggested by this work. The first is a call for measurement research to clarify the nomological network of various measurements of self regulation and executive functions across a variety of methods and procedures. The second new direction is to broaden the analysis of executive function to include a wider array of predictive adaptive responses to various environmental conditions, including those where youth are chronically marginalized or otherwise stressed. Findings from these studies suggest that the executive functions within the brain guide adaptation in both deviant as well as competent responses to the social environment. Understanding various forms of adaptation will enhance the potential for prevention as well as avoid iatrogenic intervention strategies with misinformed targets.
Can reactivity to stress and family environment explain memory and executive function performance in early and middle childhood?
Venue: Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy

According to the literature, children's overall reactivity to stress is associated with their socioeconomic status and family environment. In turn, it has been shown that reactivity to stress is associated with cognitive performance. However, few studies have systematically tested these three constructs together.  To investigate the relationship between family environment, salivary cortisol measurements and children's memory and executive function performance.  Salivary cortisol levels of 70 children aged 9 or 10 years were measured before and after performing tasks designed to assess memory and executive functions. Questionnaires on socioeconomic issues, family environment and maternal psychopathologies were administered to participants' families during the children's early childhood and again when they reached school age.  Data were analyzed by calculating correlations between variables and conducting hierarchical regression. High cortisol levels were associated with poorer working memory and worse performance in tasks involving executive functions, and were also associated with high scores for maternal psychopathology (during early childhood and school age) and family dysfunction. Family environment variables and changes in cortisol levels explain around 20% of the variance in performance of cognitive tasks.  Family functioning and maternal psychopathology in early and middle childhood and children's stress levels were associated with children's working memory and executive functioning.
Combined heating and chemical treatment for oil recovery from aging crude oil
Venue: Waste management research the journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA

With increasing use of chemical oil displacement agents in tertiary recovery and the application of various demulsifiers for crude oil dehydration, a large amount of aging crude oil containing a high ratio of water is produced, and it is very difficult for processing and utilisation. In this article, we chose aging crude oil samples from a union station in an oilfield in China. Sample composition was analysed to demonstrate that the key of aging crude oil dehydration is the removal of solid impurities. Thus, an efficient method of combining heating and chemical treatments was developed to treat aging crude oil. It includes two steps: The first step is washing of aging crude oil with hot water with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the second step is chemical demulsification of the above mixture with hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride solution. The result showed that 2.9% of solid impurities and 29.2% of water were removed in the first step; 27.2% of oil, 24.3% of water, and 3.47% of solid impurities in the aging crude oil were recycled in the second step. A total 87.07% of aging crude oil could be solved with this method. The present two step treatment method can ensure that the dehydration process runs normally and efficiently in the union station, making it a promising method in the recycling of aging crude oil.
Barrier Independent, Fitness Associated Differences in Sofosbuvir Efficacy against Hepatitis C Virus
Venue: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Sofosbuvir displays a high phenotypic barrier to resistance, and it is a component of several combination therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. HCV fitness can be a determinant of decreased sensitivity to direct acting antiviral agents such as telaprevir or daclatasvir, but fitness dependent decreased drug sensitivity has not been established for drugs with a high phenotypic barrier to resistance. Low and high fitness HCV populations and biological clones derived from them were used to infect Huh 7.5 hepatoma cells. Sofosbuvir efficacy was analyzed by measuring virus progeny production during several passages and by selection of possible sofosbuvir resistance mutations determined by sequencing the NS5B coding region of the resulting populations. Sofosbuvir exhibited reduced efficacy against high fitness HCV populations, without the acquisition of sofosbuvir specific resistance mutations. A reduced sofosbuvir efficacy, similar to that observed with the parental populations, was seen for high fitness individual biological clones. In independently derived high fitness HCV populations or clones passaged in the presence of sofosbuvir, M289L was selected as the only substitution in the viral polymerase NS5B. In no case was the sofosbuvir specific resistance substitution S282T observed. High HCV fitness can lead to decreased sensitivity to sofosbuvir, without the acquisition of specific sofosbuvir resistance mutations. Thus, fitness dependent drug sensitivity can operate with HCV inhibitors that display a high barrier to resistance. This mechanism may underlie treatment failures not associated with selection of sofosbuvir specific resistance mutations, linked to in vivo fitness of pretreatment viral populations.
Analysis on influencing factors of consumers' purchasing behavior online for furniture: a case study on furniture malls and business centers in Harbin
Venue: ICEC

A questionnaire is designed based on the systematical literature review relevant to the types and influencing factors of consumers' purchasing behavior online for furniture from demographic characteristics, purchasing types, purchasing behaviors, and the perceptions of Online to Offline (O2O) mode. All data derived from questionnaires is processed by SPSS software package for descriptive statistics analysis, results showed that majority of the consumers purchasing furniture online are young and middle aged females with middle income and high education, working in the enterprises and institution or freelances; the proportion of the consumers purchasing furniture online are relatively small and their purchasing behaviors are more rational with higher loyalty. Quality and after sale service are the two chief concerns about purchasing furniture online. A further correlation analysis on the relevant variables of consumers' purchasing behaviors online was carried out, it found that the higher the price tolerance of the consumers' purchasing furniture online, the consumers more tend to purchase furniture from professional websites; the higher loyalty to purchase furniture online, the higher the consumers' understanding and acceptance of O2O mode; and the male consumers' recognition for O2O mode is higher than females'
Beer Purchasing Behavior, Dietary Quality, and Health Outcomes among U.S. Adults*
Venue: Journal of Wine Economics

We use rich IRI household and individual level data sets to examine the relationships between heart disease and type 2 diabetes with alcohol consumption. We control for a wide variety of potential confounders, including diet quality and lifestyle choices. Beer has long been studied in related literature to ambiguous outcomes. We explore the role of beer consumption in detail by separating craft beer from macrobeer and imported beer. The results indicate that most alcohol types could have protective effects against heart disease and diabetes, with the strongest effects occurring for craft beer and wine. Treating beer as a single, homogenous category in health studies likely leads to measurement error.
Fe3O4@Ag magnetic nanoparticles for microRNA capture and duplex specific nuclease signal amplification based SERS detection in cancer cells.
Venue: Biosensors bioelectronics

A functionalized Fe3O4@Ag magnetic nanoparticle (NP) biosensor for microRNA (miRNA) capture and ultrasensitive detection in total RNA extract from cancer cells was reported in this paper. Herein, Raman tags DNA probes modified Fe3O4@Ag NPs were designed both as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) SERS and duplex specific nuclease signal amplification (DSNSA) platform. Firstly, target miRNAs were captured to the surface of Fe3O4@Ag NPs through DNA/RNA hybridization. In the presence of endonuclease duplex specific nuclease (DSN) one target miRNA molecule could rehybrid thousands of DNA probes to trigger the signal amplifying recycling. Base on the superparamagnetic of Fe3O4@Ag NPs, target miRNA let 7b can be captured, concentrated and direct quantified within a PE tube without any PCR preamplification treatment. The detection limit was 0.3fM (15 zeptomole, 50mL) nearly 3 orders of magnitude lower than conventional fluorescence based DSN biosensors for miRNA(~100fM) even single base difference between the let 7 family members can be discriminated. The result provides a novel proposal to combine the perfect single base recognition and signal amplifying ability of the endonuclease DSN with cost effective SERS strategy for miRNA point of care (POC) clinical diagnostics.
Sensitive DNA detection and SNP discrimination using ultrabright SERS nanorattles and magnetic beads for malaria diagnostics.
Venue: Biosensors bioelectronics

One of the major obstacles to implement nucleic acid based molecular diagnostics at the point of care (POC) and in resource limited settings is the lack of sensitive and practical DNA detection methods that can be seamlessly integrated into portable platforms. Herein we present a sensitive yet simple DNA detection method using a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoplatform: the ultrabright SERS nanorattle. The method, referred to as the nanorattle based method, involves sandwich hybridization of magnetic beads that are loaded with capture probes, target sequences, and ultrabright SERS nanorattles that are loaded with reporter probes. Upon hybridization, a magnet was applied to concentrate the hybridization sandwiches at a detection spot for SERS measurements. The ultrabright SERS nanorattles, composed of a core and a shell with resonance Raman reporters loaded in the gap space between the core and the shell, serve as SERS tags for signal detection. Using this method, a specific DNA sequence of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum could be detected with a detection limit of approximately 100 attomoles. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discrimination of wild type malaria DNA and mutant malaria DNA, which confers resistance to artemisinin drugs, was also demonstrated. These test models demonstrate the molecular diagnostic potential of the nanorattle based method to both detect and genotype infectious pathogens. Furthermore, the method's simplicity makes it a suitable candidate for integration into portable platforms for POC and in resource limited settings applications.