nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
News use across social media platforms 2016

As part of an ongoing examination of social media platforms and news, the Pew Research Centre has found that a majority of adults in the United States 62% or around two thirds access their news on social media, with 18% doing so often. The researchers analysed the scope and characteristics of social media news consumers across nine social networking sites, with Facebook coming out on top. News plays a varying role across the social networking sites studied. The survey shows that two thirds of Facebook users (66% access news on the site, nearly six in ten Twitter users (59% access news on Twitter, and seven in ten Reddit users get news on that platform. On Tumblr, the figure sits at 31% while for the other five social networking sites it is true of only about one fifth or less of their user bases. Addressing the issue of news audiences overlapping on social media platforms, the researchers found that of those who access news using at least one of the sites, a majority (64% access news on just one most commonly Facebook. About a quarter (26% get news on two social media sites. Just one in ten access news on three or more sites. The study is based on a survey conducted between 12 January and 8 February 2016 with 4,654 members of the Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel.
Effect of Instant Messaging Advertising on the Hierarchy of Effects Model Amid Teenagers in South Africa

The rapid growth of social media has resulted in digital information and communications technology (ICT) channels for individuals, especially the youth, to connect with each other and the rest of their world. Consequently, instant messaging (IM) social network sites (SNS) and other mobile applications have become an integral part of life, as well as a daily destination for billions of young individuals, offering them a novel and instant means of communication in this interactive ICT space. The increase of social media adoption has captured the attention of marketers and consumers alike on a global scale, and with the fast changing communication environments, marketers now confront new challenges in terms of understanding consumer behavior, attitudinal responses and consumption patterns in the new millennium. However, there is a lack of research into young consumers' attitudes towards advertising on IM platforms in emerging nations. Mxit is the largest locally founded IM channel in South Africa (SA) and, hence, this inquiry examines the effect of IM (Mxit) advertising on the hierarchy of effect model attitude stages among teenagers in SA. The results of the investigations found favorable attitudes towards IM advertising among teenagers, which makes an important contribution to the deficiency of IM inquiry in developing economies. This study should also aid organizations and their brands to comprehend what makes teenagers develop positive attitudes as a result of IM advertising, thereby assisting with the improvement of promotion strategies on this expansive and predominantly mobile IM platform landscape in SA.
T2API: synthesizing API code usage templates from English texts with statistical translation
Venue: SIGSOFT FSE

In this work, we develop T2API, a statistical machine translation based tool that takes a given English description of a programming task as a query, and synthesizes the API usage template for the task by learning from training data. T2API works in two steps. First, it derives the API elements relevant to the task described in the input by statistically learning from a StackOverflow corpus of text descriptions and corresponding code. To infer those API elements, it also considers the context of the words in the textual input and the context of API elements that often go together in the corpus. The inferred API elements with their relevance scores are ensembled into an API usage by our novel API usage synthesis algorithm that learns the API usages from a large code corpus via a graph based language model. Importantly, T2API is capable of generating new API usages from smaller, previously seen usages.
An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management

Despite a changing world in terms of data sharing, availability, and transparency, there are still major resource issues associated with collating datasets that will satisfy the requirements of comprehensive pesticide risk assessments, especially those undertaken at a regional or national scale. In 1996, a long term project was initiated to begin collating and formatting pesticide data to eventually create a free to all repository of data that would provide a comprehensive transparent, harmonized, and managed extensive dataset for all types of pesticide risk assessments. Over the last 20 years, this database has been keeping pace with improving risk assessments, their associated data requirements, and the needs and expectations of database end users. In 2007, the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB) was launched as a free to access website. Currently, the PPDB holds data for almost 2300 pesticide active substances and over 700 metabolites. For each substance around 300 parameters are stored, covering human health, environmental quality, and biodiversity risk assessments. With the approach of the twentieth anniversary of the database, this article seeks to elucidate the current data model, data sources, its validation, and quality control processes and describes a number of existing risk assessment applications that depend upon it.
Pesticide Induced Stress in Arthropod Pests for Optimized Integrated Pest Management Programs.
Venue: Annual review of entomology

More than six decades after the onset of wide scale commercial use of synthetic pesticides and more than fifty years after Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, pesticides, particularly insecticides, arguably remain the most influential pest management tool around the globe. Nevertheless, pesticide use is still a controversial issue and is at the regulatory forefront in most countries. The older generation of insecticide groups has been largely replaced by a plethora of novel molecules that exhibit improved human and environmental safety profiles. However, the use of such compounds is guided by their short term efficacy; the indirect and subtler effects on their target species, namely arthropod pest species, have been neglected. Curiously, comprehensive risk assessments have increasingly explored effects on nontarget species, contrasting with the majority of efforts focused on the target arthropod pest species. The present review mitigates this shortcoming by hierarchically exploring within an ecotoxicology framework applied to integrated pest management the myriad effects of insecticide use on arthropod pest species.
A Single centre Early Phase Randomised Controlled Three arm Trial of Open, Robotic, and Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (CORAL)
Venue: European urology

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) are increasingly popular, but high level evidence for these techniques remains lacking.  To compare the outcomes of patients undergoing open radical cystectomy (ORC) RARC, and LRC.  From March 2009 to July 2012, 164 patients requiring radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer or high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer were invited to participate, with an aim of recruiting 47 patients into each arm. Overall, 93 were suitable for trial inclusion; 60 (65% agreed and 33 (35% declined. INTERVENTION ORC, RARC, or LRC with extracorporeal urinary diversion. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Primary end points were 30 and 90 d complication rates. Secondary end points were perioperative clinical, pathologic, and oncologic outcomes, and quality of life (QoL) The Fisher exact test and analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses.  The 30 d complication rates (classified by the Clavien Dindo system) varied significantly between the three arms (ORC: 70% RARC: 55% LRC: 26% p=0.024) ORC complication rates were significantly higher than LRC (p<0.01) The 90 d complication rates did not differ significantly between the three arms (ORC: 70% RARC: 55% LRC 32% p=0.068) Mean operative time was significantly longer in RARC compared with ORC or LRC. ORC resulted in a slower return to oral solids than RARC or LRC. There were no significant differences in QoL measures. Major limitations are the small sample size and potential surgeon bias.  The 30 d complication rates varied by type of surgery and were significantly higher in the ORC arm than the LRC arm. There was no significant difference in 90 d Clavien graded complication rates between the three arms.  We compared patients having open, robotic, or laparoscopic bladder removal surgery for bladder cancer and found no difference in Clavien graded complication rates at 90 d.
Text independent voice conversion using deep neural network based phonetic level features
Venue: 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR)

This paper presents a phonetically aware joint density Gaussian mixture model (JD GMM) framework for voice conversion that no longer requires parallel data from source speaker at the training stage. Considering that the phonetic level features contain text information which should be preserved in the conversion task, we propose a method that only concatenates phonetic discriminant features and spectral features extracted from the same target speakers speech to train a JD GMM. After the mapping relationship of these two features is trained, we can use phonetic discriminant features from source speaker to estimate target speaker's spectral features at conversion stage. The phonetic discriminant features are extracted using PCA from the output layer of a deep neural network (DNN) in an automatic speaker recognition (ASR) system. It can be seen as a low dimensional representation of the senone posteriors. We compare the proposed phonetically aware method with conventional JD GMM method on the Voice Conversion Challenge 2016 training database. The experimental results show that our proposed phonetically aware feature method can obtain similar performance compared to the conventional JD GMM in the case of using only target speech as training data.
A Dynamic Estimation of the Unsaturated Buffer in the IEEE 802.11 DCF Network: A Particle Filter Framework Approach
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

This paper proposes a particle filter framework to perform an online estimation of the unsaturated buffers of the stations in the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) network. Using this framework, an access point can adapt flow control to its serving stations and configure related parameters dynamically, thus improving the system throughput and reducing the packet latency. Current research analyzing the unsaturated condition in the IEEE 802.11 DCF network is based on the steady state model, whereas this proposed method is devoted to the dynamic estimation for the probability distribution of the unsaturated buffer in the stations, in either homogeneous or heterogeneous networks. This study also employs theoretical support from Bayesian inference to the particle filtering algorithm. The estimation accuracy and effectiveness were evaluated via root mean square error (RMSE) and time complexity. Furthermore, we considered different network loads and convergence speeds in our analysis. Our analysis demonstrated that the proposed dynamic estimation scheme has greater awareness of the traffic changes in the varying wireless network when compared with the traditional static traffic model.
A SDN Based Dynamic Traffic Scheduling Algorithm
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Cyber Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new networking paradigm that separates the network control plane from the packet forwarding plane. It provides the applications with an abstracted and centralized view of the distributed network state. This paper utilizes SDN for congestion awareness and traffic scheduling for the switch congestion control. For such a purpose, a traffic assignment optimization model is proposed that is based on the link utilization ratio sample variance. We specifically develop chaos genetic algorithm for solving this NP hard problem. For algorithm verification, we use mininet, floodlight and iperf to simulate the SDN network with analysis. The simulation results show that our algorithm is able to make the link arrangement utilization more balanced and reasonable.
Influence of personality and risk propensity on risk perception of Chinese construction project managers

Construction project managers (CPMs) with different types of personalities make various assessments in risky situations and draw up different risk management strategies. This research presents the findings of an empirical study in China that investigated whether and how CPMs with different personality traits differed in the way they perceived project risk. A conceptual model was developed and four hypotheses were proposed concerning the relationships among personality traits, risk propensity, and risk perception using the Big Five personality model. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling analyses of a sample of 152 imply that 1) Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness significantly influence risk propensity; 2) risk propensity negatively affects risk perception; 3) Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness have significant effects on risk perception; and 4) risk propensity fully mediates the relationship between personality traits and risk perception. The results were complemented by qualitative evidence from 5 semi structured interviews with project managers. This research contributes to a better understanding of how CPMs perceive risk.
A Study on the Classification of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures using Naive Bayes
Venue: BWCCA

National Vulnerability Database (NVD) provides publicly known security vulnerabilities called Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) There are a number of CVE entries, although, some of them cannot provide sufficient information, such as vulnerability type. In this paper, we propose a classification method of categorizing CVE entries into vulnerability type using naive Bayes classifier. The classification ability of the method is evaluated by a set of testing data. We can analyze CVE entries that are not yet classified as well as uncategorized vulnerability documents.
Immediate effect of two yoga based relaxation techniques on cognitive functions in patients suffering from relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A comparative study
Venue: International review of psychiatry

Cognitive impairment (CI) is an important feature of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) Yogic relaxation techniques have been found useful in improving various cognitive domains in health and disease. Eighteen subjects (13 females) in the age range of 51.5 12.72 years with the diagnosis of RRMS by a neurologist (McDonald Criteria 2010) since last 18.16 12.59 years were recruited into the study from a neuro rehabilitation centre in Germany. Assessments were done before and immediately after two randomly allocated 30 min sessions of yogic relaxation: Cyclic Meditation (CM) and SR (supine rest or shavasana) Assessments were done for attention, psychomotor performance, information processing speed, executive functions, and immediate and delayed recall using standard psychometric tools. RMANOVA was applied to analyse the data using SPSS version 10. Both CM and SR sessions improved scores on Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) (p 0.01) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) (p 0.05) There was a significantly better performance in Trail Making Test (TMT) A and forward digit span (FDS) after CM as compared to SR (p 0.01) Yogic relaxation techniques may have an immediate enhancing effect on processing speed, psychomotor performance, and recall of RRMS patients. CM is better than SR in improving processing speed, short term memory, and verbal working memory.
Assessing interacting impacts of artisanal and recreational fisheries in a small Marine Protected Area (Portofino, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have spread across the Mediterranean to protect its rich biodiversity and manage human activities for a more sustainable coastal development. Within MPAs, traditional artisanal fishing is competing for space and resources with increasing recreational fishing, likely leading to interacting ecological effects. Such effects are difficult to unravel, given the multispecies character of both fisheries and the complexity of the food webs upon which they both impact. To address these issues, we developed an Ecopath and EcoTroph trophic model for the Portofino MPA case study (NW Mediterranean) in particular to (1) identify keystone species and assess fishing impact on them; (2) analyze the interacting impact of artisanal and recreational fishing on ecosystem biomass and trophic structure; and (3) assess the impact of recreational fishing on artisanal fishing catches. Two high trophic level predator (HTLP) groups coupled important keystone roles with high sensitivity to fishing pressure and should thus be regarded as "sentinels" to be prioritized for the definition of management actions. Recreational fishing had the widest impact on the food web, strongly impacting HTLP. Simulation of different mortality scenarios for each fishery highlighted that the ecosystem is far from its carrying capacity for HTLP. Forbidding recreational fishing allowed a 24% increase in HTLP biomass and benefited artisanal fishing by increased availability of HTLP catches. Artisanal fishing alone could instead be maintained with a moderate impact on the food web. Overall, Ecopath and EcoTroph modeling is a valuable tool to advise MPA management, but it is essential to increase data availability and quality by developing long term monitoring programs on key species and on artisanal and recreational fishing.
Testing methods to support management decisions in coralligenous and cave environments. A case study at Portofino MPA.
Venue: Marine environmental research

Baseline data on the distribution, condition and extent of coralligenous and cave bioconcretions is one of the main requirements of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) necessary to assess the achievement of a Good Environmental Status (GES) by 2020. In this study the potential of remote sensing and distribution modelling techniques to map, measure descriptors and choose indicators were tested, that could provide standard methods for the assessment of the health status and assist in monitoring activities. It is demonstrated how, by combining different methodologies, it is possible to map the distribution of the bioconcretions with acceptable accuracy and to discriminate the main habitat types and facies. In addition, zonal statistical analysis revealed that fishing activities primarily coincide with areas of high coverage of the bioconcretions. Results demonstrate that the presented methodology is a valuable simple tool to assess several MSFD descriptors and indicators, and could strengthen management efficiency when making informed, ecologically relevant decisions.
Determination of Labeled Fatty Acids Content in Milk Products, Infant Formula, and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Capillary Gas Chromatography: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2012.13.
Venue: Journal of AOAC International

A collaborative study was conducted on AOAC First Action Method 2012.13 "Determination of Labeled Fatty Acids Content in Milk Products and Infant Formula by Capillary Gas Chromatography," which is based on an initial International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Dairy Federation (IDF) New Work Item that has been moved forward to ISO 16958:2015|IDF 231:2015 in November 2015. It was decided to merge the two activities after the agreement signed between ISO and AOAC in June 2012 to develop common standards and to avoid duplicate work. The collaborative study was performed after having provided highly satisfactory single laboratory validation results [Golay, P.A. Dong, Y. (2015)  1696] that exceeded the performance criteria defined in AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR((r) 2012.011 (September 29, 2012) on 12 products selected by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula (SPIFAN) After a qualification period of 1 month, 18 laboratories participated in the fatty acids analysis of 12 different samples in duplicate. Six samples were selected to meet AOAC SPIFAN requirements (i.e. infant formula and adult nutritionals in powder and liquid formats) and the other Six samples were selected to meet ISO IDF requirements (i.e. dairy products such as milk powder, liquid milk, cream, butter, infant formula with milk, and cheese) The fatty acids were analyzed directly in all samples without preliminary fat extraction, except in one sample (cheese) Powdered samples were analyzed after dissolution (i.e. reconstitution) in water, whereas liquid samples (or extracted fat) were analyzed directly. After addition of the internal standards solution [C11:0 fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and C13:0 triacylglycerols (TAG) to the samples, fatty acids attached to lipids were transformed into FAMEs by direct transesterification using methanolic sodium methoxide. FAMEs were separated using highly polar capillary GLC and were identified by comparison with the retention times of pure analytical standards. Quantification of fatty acids was done relative to C11:0 FAME as internal standard and to instrument response factors (determined separately using calibration standards mixture) The performance of the method (i.e. transesterification) was monitored in all samples using the second internal standard, C13:0 TAG. RSDR values were summarized separately for labeled fatty acids in SPIFAN materials and ISO IDF materials due to different expression of results. This method was applied to representative dairy, infant formula, and adult/pediatric nutritional products and demonstrated global acceptable reproducibility precision for all fatty acids analyzed (i.e. 46 individuals and/or groups) for these categories of products.
Zycie spoleczne chlopow w zachodniej Malopolsce w epoce reform agrarnych na przelomie XVIII i XIX w.

The article discusses some of the aspects of broadly understood social life of peasantry in western Lesser Poland at the turn of the 18th century, which was the period of dynamic geopolitical and social changes brought about by, among others, the Partitions of Poland and social and legal reforms realised at the time. Special attention has been given to the following issues: relations within the peasant community, peasants' participation in a village self government and their attitude towards clergy as well as the matter of social awareness, religiousness and customs and traditions of peasants. The study does not, of course, fully explore the problems, it merely signals the issues that need to be further examined within systematic research.
Bulgarzy i Bulgaria w ostatniej cwierci wieku XIX w publikacjach Jana Grzegorzewskiego (kultura, ludnosc, gospodarka)

Jan Grzegorzewski, wybitny polski slawista i orientalista odbyl na przelomie wiekow XIX i XX. kilka podrozy po Balkanach. W ich trakcie dokonal wnikliwych obserwacji miejscowych stosunkow spolecznych, politycznych i ekonomicznych, z ktorych wnioski zawarl w kilku opublikowanych na przelomie XIX i XX w. ksiazkach i artykulach. Miejsce szczegolne w jego pracy badawczej zajmowala Bulgaria. Niniejszy artykul jest prezentacja obrazu tego kraju postrzeganego przez autora przez pryzmat trzech glownych, podjetych w jego pracach watkow kultury, spoleczenstwa i gospodarki.