nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gum Arabic, Gum Ghatti and Sugar Beet Pectin as Interfacial Layer on Lipid Digestibility in Oil in Water Emulsions
Venue: Food Biophysics

The impact of gum arabic (GA) ghatti gum (GG) and sugar beet pectin (SBP) on the digestion rate of emulsified lipids is investigated in vitro under model duodenal digestion condition. The aim was to understand the role of the interfacial layer surrounding the lipid droplets on lipid hydrolysis in order to control lipid digestion. The emulsifier concentration required to provide the same emulsion droplet size decreased in the order: GA GG SBP, demonstrating the best emulsifying activity of SBP. The rate and extent of free fatty acid release during lipid digestion did not differ significantly among the three types of gums in emulsions with D[2,3] 2 mm. However, considerable difference was observed in emulsions with D[2,3] 2 mm, and the digestive rate decreased in the order: GA SBP GG. The difference in digestion rate was attributed to the stability of the emulsified lipid droplets in the stimulated intestinal juice and the resistance of interfacial layer against displacement by bile salts. The difference of resisting against displacement by bile salts for the interfacial layers was detected with bile salts concentration of 0.025 mg/mL, and all of the pre adsorbed emulsifiers could be completely displaced from interface by bile salts at 5 mg/mL. Emulsions with SBP were susceptible to Ca2+ and Na+ in simulated intestinal juice, resulting in the flocculation and coalescence of emulsion droplets. A reduction of the surface area of lipids would contribute to a slow digestion. Emulsion stabilized by GG was very effective at retarding lipolysis mainly due to the affinity of linked protein moieties of GG and its hydrophobic binding with bile salts. The knowledge gained in the study has important implications in designing proper emulsion based systems for controlling lipid digestibility at specific sites within the gastrointestinal tract.
Automated refactoring of ATL model transformations: a search based approach
Venue: MoDELS

Model transformation programs evolve through a process of continuous change. However, this process may weaken the design of the transformation programs and make it unnecessarily complex, leading to increased fault proneness. Refactoring improves the software design while preserving overall functionality and behavior. However, very few studies addressed the problem of refactoring model transformation programs. These existing studies provided an entirely manual or semi automated refactoring support to transformation languages such as ATL. In this paper, we propose a fully automated search based approach to refactor model transformations based on a multi objective algorithm that recommends the best refactoring sequence (e.g. extract rule, merge rules, etc. optimizing a set of ATL based quality metrics (e.g. number of rules, coupling, etc. To validate our approach, we apply it to a comprehensive dataset of model transformations. The statistical analysis of our experiments over 30 runs shows that our automated approach recommended useful refactorings based on benchmark of ATL programs and compared to random search, mono objective search formulation and a semi automated refactoring approach not based heuristic search.
Interactive and guided architectural refactoring with search based recommendation
Venue: SIGSOFT FSE

Architectural refactorings can contain hundreds of steps and experienced developers could carry them out over several weeks. Moreover, developers need to explore a correct sequence of refactorings steps among many more incorrect alternatives. Thus, carrying out architectural refactorings is costly, risky, and challenging. In this paper, we present Refactoring Navigator: a tool supported and interactive recommendation approach for aiding architectural refactoring. Our approach takes a given implementation as the starting point, a desired high level design as the target, and iteratively recommends a series of refactoring steps. Moreover, our approach allows the user to accept, reject, or ignore a recommended refactoring step, and uses the user's feedback in further refactoring recommendations. We evaluated the effectiveness of our approach and tool using a controlled experiment and an industrial case study. The controlled experiment shows that the participants who used Refactoring Navigator accomplished their tasks in 77.4% less time and manually edited 98.3% fewer lines than the control group. The industrial case study suggests that Refactoring Navigator has the potential to help with architectural refactorings in practice.
Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids using iron nanoparticles decorated carbon nanotubes

Enhancing heat transfer in thermal fluid systems can contribute significantly towards the improvement of thermal efficiency resulting in reducing energy consumption and hence carbon emission. Conventional fluids like water and oil have limited heat transfer potential. The need for the development of new classes of fluids with enhanced heat transfer properties is thus becoming essential. Many studies have developed nanofluids using nanoparticles, however, they showed a limited enhancement in heat transfer. This study investigated the heat capacity, enhancement of heat transfer, viscosity, and pressure drop of nanofluids with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNTs doped with iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 CNT) The surfaces of carbon nanotubes were doped with 1 wt. and 10.0 wt. iron oxide nanoparticles. The pristine and doped CNTs were used to prepare heat exchange nanofluids with additive concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 wt. A shell and tube heat exchanger was used to evaluate the overall heat transfer coefficient and the associated pressure. The specific heat capacity of the nanofluids was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) The results showed that the specific heat capacity of the nanofluids with undoped and doped CNTs is significantly higher than that of pure water by about 10% and 55% respectively. The heat transfer rate of the nanofluids increased sharply with the CNT dosage the iron nanoparticles loading and reached up to 55% enhancement with doped CNTs. We observed that the power required to exchange 1.8 kW heat using nanofluid containing 0.1 wt. of 10 wt. Fe2O3 CNTs was 20 times lower than the power required to exchange the same amount of heat using water. This is because the iron nanoparticles enhanced the dispersion of the CNTs and increased their heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Compared with that of pure water, the encountered pressure drop of the nanofluid at the same flow rate was almost unchanged, resulting in no extra pumping energy penalty.
The Effect of Animal assisted Play Therapy (AAT) on Improving the Life Quality of Parents having Children with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children) Treated with Methylphenidate

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children) is considered to be one of the most widespread neuro behavioral disorders in children, which is typically characterized by problems such as poor educational performance, communication difficulties and other social inconsistencies. Timely identification and treatment of this disorder can result in significant improvement in their individual and social performances and it can reduce the symptoms of this disorder. Nowadays, play therapy is regarded as one of the recent treatments. One type of play therapy is referred to as animal assisted play therapy.  This study was based on a single case study in which two children with ADHD were studied. Before the treatment intervention, the life quality questionnaire (SF 36) was conducted on three consecutive days as the baseline. Then, based on the designed operational procedure, the stages of treatment intervention were carried out with a domestic animal (rabbit) within six 45 minute sessions. At the end of the two treatment sessions and during the whole intervention period, the dependent variable, the effect size and improvement rate were measured.  the results of the study indicated that the experimented animal assisted play therapy was statistically significant for both children (P< 0.05) However, the rate of improvement in clinical terms was not meaningfully significant.  with respect to the obtained significant differences in eye diagrams and the calculated physical and mental health indexes and the statistical significance of the effect size, it can be concluded that animal assisted play therapy can contribute to the relative improvement of the life quality of these children's parents.  ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children) animal assisted play therapy; life quality of ADHD children's parents;
An Interdisciplinary Approach of Animal Assisted Therapy for the Special Needs Children

The study investigates the dynamic of verbal and non verbal communication in the context of Animal Assisted Therapy for children with special needs, using ethological and sociometrical methods (i.e. focal individual sampling, ethogram and sequential behavior analysis) The study followed the evolution of a 5 year old boy with mild mental retardation, ADHD symptoms and a very low level of verbalization, through one year of weekly AAT (dog assisted therapy) sessions. Each session had an.
An evaluation of the Pomodoro Technique for stopping procrastination and behaviour change

Today, as the pace of modern life increased, people feel more anxious and suffer from different stresses. Procrastination, as one of the most common behaviour, attracts many people to focus on their time management and consider how to bear it. One of the popular methods is the Pomodoro Technique. In this study, we examine and discuss the principle of stopping procrastination and evaluate if the Pomodoro Technique could help people stop procrastination or change their bad habits effectively.  Procrastination; the Pomodoro Technique; behaviour change.
A novel in line fibre optic sensor for the detection of hydrate inhibitors within the oil and gas industry
Venue: 2016 IEEE SENSORS

An in line fibre optic fluorescence based sensing methodology for the detection of two common thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THI) monoethylene glycol (MEG) and methanol (MeOH) used in the oil and gas industry has been developed. The fluorescence properties of two solvatochromic indicator probes were determined with varying ratios of THIs within oil in water mixtures. Sensor performance was evaluated for varying oil type, oil concentration and solution salinity to mimic the chemical composition of an oil flow line. Finally, an inline sensing capability was demonstrated using a purpose built industrial flow loop system with the results obtained showing that the concentration of known THIs can be determined to within 5% in the 0 50% THI concentration range. This measurement method has opened up the possibility of controlling hydrate inhibitor concentration in real time, leading to improved flow assurance and substantial economic benefits.
Corn Stalk Fiber Material by Chemical Pulping Process for Pulp and Paper Industry

The agriculture waste material can give benefit to many production industries. The studied crop is corn (Zea Mays) stalk. The objective of this work was to analysis the chemical composition; to study chemical pulping and papermaking properties of corn stalk and; to investigate the fiber morphology of properties of those crops. Firstly, the chemical composition of corn stalk were determined and compared with other non woods. After that, chemical corn stalk was conducted in this analysis followed the physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that, corn stalk have cellulose (39.0% and lignin content is the lowest (7.3% content rather than other composition. In chemical pulping, reached high pulp yields had been produced and the strength properties: tear index, tensile index, burst and fold verified that they were of an acceptable quality for papermaking. This crop morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) which showed a condensed composition of fiber structure. This study can developed a friendly product and promote the green technology, suitable to be used as an alternative pulp in paper making industry. Fiber, Corn stalk, Composition, Green technology, Pulp and paper making.
Looking for a virtuous pattern of growth. Some insights for discussion

This paper addresses the current <manufacturing versus services> debate in relation to the question of how to unlock renewed economic growth, taking as point of departure the EC Communication For a European Industrial Renaissance. We present two criteria with which to evaluate the grounds for supporting economic sectors (either manufacturing or services) 1 The capacity to generate employment and 2 The ability to display a positive rate of productivity growth. The highly disaggregated PREDICT database is used in order to evaluate both sectors on these criteria. Our paper concludes that service sectors fulfil both of the above mentioned criteria, whereas manufacturing sectors do not. The importance of service and manufacturing sub sectors rooted in ICT and non ICT R&D intensive activities is also highlighted.
Restoration of post activation depression of the H reflex by treadmill exercise in aged rats
Venue: Neurobiology of Aging

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of aging and chronic physical activity on the postactivation depression of the Hoffman reflex (H reflex) The maximal amplitude H wave/maximal amplitude M wave ratio was measured, and the rate sensitive depression of the H reflex was assessed. Measurements were performed on sedentary rats aged of 3, 6, 12, and 20 months and on animals aged of 12 and 20 months performing an incremental treadmill exercise protocol during the last eight weeks preceding the recordings. At the end of the experiment, the muscle mass and/or body mass ratio was calculated. Results indicated that the H reflex depression of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were present until age of 6 and 12 months, respectively. For the tibialis anterior muscle, results also pointed out a decrease in the relative muscle mass with age and that the exercise allowed to restore the rate sensitive depression of the H reflex and to increase the relative muscle mass in comparison with sedentary animals. These findings clearly demonstrate that neural alteration of the spinal cord is prevented by activity in aged rats.
The relationship between dynamic balancing ability and posture related modulation of the soleus H reflex.
Venue: Journal of electromyography and kinesiology official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology

Soleus H reflex reveals down modulation with increased postural difficulty. Role of this posture related reflex modulation is thought to shift movement control toward higher motor centers in order to facilitate more precise postural control. Present study hypothesized that the ability to modulate H reflex is related to one's ability to dynamically balance while in an unstable posture. This study examined the relationship between dynamic balancing ability and soleus H reflex posture related modulation. Thirty healthy adults participated. The soleus maximal H reflex (Hmax) motor response (Mmax) and background EMG activity (bEMG) were obtained during three postural conditions: prone, open legged standing, and closed legged standing. Hmax/Mmax ratios were normalized via the corresponding bEMG in order to remove the effects of background muscle activity from the obtained H reflex. Reflex modulation was calculated as the ratio of the normalized Hmax/Mmax ratios in one postural condition to another posture in a more difficult condition. Dynamic balancing ability was assessed by testing stability while standing on a wobble board. A significant negative correlation was observed between balancing scores and reflex modulation from open legged standing to closed legged standing. This suggests that the ability to modulate monosynaptic stretch reflex excitability in response to a changing posture is a significant factor for dynamic balancing.
Ablation of the inferior olive prevents H reflex down conditioning in rats.
Venue: Journal of neurophysiology

We evaluated the role of the inferior olive (IO) in acquisition of the spinal cord plasticity that underlies H reflex down conditioning, a simple motor skill. The IO was chemically ablated before a 50 day exposure to an operant conditioning protocol that rewarded a smaller soleus H reflex. In normal rats, down conditioning succeeds (i.e. H reflex size decreases at least 20% in 80% of animals. Down conditioning failed in every IO ablated rat (P< 0.001 vs. normal rats) IO ablation itself had no long term effect on H reflex size. These results indicate that the IO is essential for acquisition of a down conditioned H reflex. With previous data, they support the hypothesis that IO and cortical inputs to cerebellum enable the cerebellum to guide sensorimotor cortex plasticity that produces and maintains the spinal cord plasticity that underlies the down conditioned H reflex. They help to further define H reflex conditioning as a model for understanding motor learning and as a new approach to enhancing functional recovery after trauma or disease.
Nonlinear Lie higher derivations on factor von Neumann algebras

Let $mathcal M$ be a factor von Neumann algebra. It is shown that every nonlinear Lie higher derivation $D={phi_{n}}_{ninmathbb{N} on $mathcal M$ is additive. In particular, if $mathcal M$ is infinite type $I$ factor, a concrete characterization of $D$ is given.
Mobile claim management adoption in emerging insurance markets

The purpose of this paper is to explore the adoption of a mobile insurance claim system (M insurance) and develops a framework for the adoption of M insurance by consumers.  This study assesses mobile technology for claim management through the lens of the technology acceptance model (TAM) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) models as a major guideline, using exploratory research through in depth interviews with four executive experts who are first movers in mobile claim motor insurance in Thailand. Semi structured interviews and open ended questions were used to conduct group interviews of insurance consumers who mostly use smartphones. The data were collected in a qualitative research approach from Thai insurance consumers (n=177) and contents were classified and analysed to gain strong insights into respondent opinions, comments, attitudes, behaviour, and experiences.  The results indicate that the external (social) factors influence attitude and behaviou.
Quality analysis of electric energy using an interface developed in LabVIEW environment
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE)

This paper presents a case study for monitoring the quality of electric energy in an industrial consumer. The measurements were carried in the power supply point and the data processing was achieved using LabVIEW software. It was made an interface to allow reading of files and processing them (creation of data tables and charts) Based on the data obtained from the measurements and using the interface created in LabVIEW, it was possible to carry out the analysis of the average hourly consumption, the power factor, the wave forms of the current and voltage, the analysis of the current and voltage harmonics. Using an interface developed in LabVIEW, full quality analysis of electric energy can be done at the user's premises.
How Much Better Is Good Enough? Patient reported Outcomes, Minimal Clinically Important Differences, and Patient Acceptable Symptom States in Perioperative Research.
Venue: Anesthesiology

<zdoi;10.1097/ALN.0000000000001159> Anesthesiology, V 125 No 1 7 July 2016 M ortality after surgery is increasingly rare in developed countries.1 Nonetheless, many opportunities exist to improve perioperative care. For example, surgical patients still need postoperative comfort that involves minimization of postoperative pain, prevention of nausea, and facilitation of early mobilization. Many patients continue to experience major nonfatal complications that result in long term disability and poorer quality of life. Given this context, the patientreported outcome (Pro) is likely to take on an increasingly important role in perioperative research. For example, several available scales can now integrate and quantify the multiple dimensions constituting quality of recovery (Qor) after surgery.2,3 Disability and health related quality of life scales can assess the impact of postoperative morbidity on patients' ability to return to normal function and quality of life.4,5 While Pros that have undergone rigorous psychometric evaluation can help better assess patients' perioperative experience, they also introduce new challenges. a critical issue is determining the minimal clinically important difference (MCiD) or the smallest difference in Pro scores that "patients perceive as beneficial."6 taking the example of the commonly used numeric rating scale of pain intensity, what reduction in pain scores represents a meaningful improvement in postoperative pain for a patient? This information can help physicians assess whether treatment effects in a randomized trial are clinically relevant and help researchers more accurately estimate sample sizes for any study that includes a Pro.7 in this issue of aNesthesioloGy, Myles et al.8 present a highquality prospective cohort study that determined the MCiD of three postoperative Qor scales, namely the Qor score, Qor 15, and Qor 40. The investigators recruited 204 patients undergoing a broad range of surgical procedures at three australian hospitals. The participants completed the three Qor scales at several postoperative time points, with 199 individuals undergoing at least 2 postoperative interviews. Based on several different analyses, the investigators found the MCiD to be 0.9 for the Qor score, 8.0 for the Qor 15, and 6.3 for the Qor 40. This wellconducted study is likely to form the methodologic foundation for many future studies evaluating Qor in surgical patients. Given its importance, and the paucity of similar studies in the anesthesiology literature, we will focus the remainder of this editorial on typical methods for estimating the MCiD and future directions for such research in the perioperative arena.
Bubble template assisted synthesis of hollow fullerene like MoS2 nanocages as a lithium ion battery anode material

Inorganic fullerene (IF) like structured materials have attracted considerable attention for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this report, we describe a facile method of synthesizing IF MoS2 hollow structures with a diameter of ~100 nm by a facile solution phase reduction process to obtain a hollow MoSx precursor under ambient pressures before subsequent annealing of the material at high temperatures to form IF MoS2 nanocages. TEM images at different reaction stages reveal the hollow structure spontaneously arising in the novel "close edge" nanocages under the assistance of an ammonia cation bubble template. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium ion batteries, ex situ characterization indicates that these IF MoS2 hollow nanocages can provide large expandable spaces for volume changes occurring during the cycles. Such a highly desired structure offers remarkably improved lithium storage performance including high reversible capacity and good cycling behavior and high rate capability.