nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased Morbidity of Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy Compared With Open Distal Gastrectomy for Stage I Gastric Cancer: Short term Outcomes From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (KLASS 01)
Venue: Annals of surgery

To determine the safety of laparoscopy assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) compared with open distal gastrectomy (ODG) in patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer in Korea.  There is still a lack of large scale, multicenter randomized trials regarding the safety of LADG.  A large scale, phase 3, multicenter, prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. The primary end point was 5 year overall survival. Morbidity within 30 postoperative days and surgical mortality were compared to evaluate the safety of LADG as a secondary end point RESULTS A total of 1416 patients were randomly assigned to the LADG group (n 705) or the ODG group (n 711) between February 1, 2006, and August 31, 2010, and 1384 patients were analyzed for modified intention to treat analysis (ITT) and 1256 were eligible for per protocol (PP) analysis (644 and 612, respectively) In the PP analysis, 6 patients (0.9% needed open conversion in the LADG group. The overall complication rate was significantly lower in the LADG group (LADG vs ODG; 13.0% vs 19.9% P 0.001) In detail, the wound complication rate of the LADG group was significantly lower than that of the ODG group (3.1% vs 7.7% P 0.001) The major intra abdominal complication (7.6% vs 10.3% P 0.095) and mortality rates (0.6% vs 0.3% P 0.687) were similar between the 2 groups. Modified ITT analysis showed similar results with PP analysis.  LADG for patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer is safe and has a benefit of lower occurrence of wound complication compared with conventional ODG.
Intergenerational continuity in attitudes toward reading and reading behavior

Students' reading preferences develop in social contexts, and parents shape such environments. Assuming a process of transmission across generations, we analyzed the role of mothers' attitudes toward reading and reading behavior. A sample of 380 ninth grade students completed a questionnaire to assess their attitudes toward reading (with respect to utility and enjoyment) and to collect details about their extracurricular reading behavior. Mothers were interviewed and asked to provide comparable information about their own reading behavior and attitudes. Results showed substantial positive relations between mothers' and students' attitudes toward reading and reading behavior, although the effects were small in magnitude. Taken together, even when children reach adolescence, socialization effects from parents can be found in the domain of reading.
Inventory and Production Management in Supply Chains

The context and importance of inventory management and production planning The importance of inventory management and production planning and scheduling Frameworks for inventory management and production planning and schedul ing Forecasting models and techniques Replenishment systems for managing individual item inventories within a rm Order quantities with level demand Lot sizing with time varying demand Individual items with probabilistic demand Special classes of items Managing the most important inventories Managing slow moving and low value (Class C) inventories Style goods and perishable items Managing inventory across multiple locations and multiple rms Coordinated replenishments at a single stocking point Multiechelon inventory management Coordinating inventory management in the supply chain Production management An overall framework for production planning scheduling Medium range aggregate production planning Material requirements planning and its extensions Just in time, optimized production technology and short range pro duction scheduling Summary.
Angels and Demons: Using Behavioral Types in a Real Effort Moral Dilemma to Identify Expert Traits
Venue: Front. Psychol.

In this article, we explore how independently reported measures of subjects' cognitive capabilities, preferences, and sociodemographic characteristics relate to their behavior in a real effort moral dilemma experiment. To do this, we use a unique dataset, the Chapman Preferences and Characteristics Instrument Set (CPCIS) which contains over 30 standardized measures of preferences and characteristics. We find that simple correlation analysis provides an incomplete picture of how individual measures relate to behavior. In contrast, clustering subjects into groups based on observed behavior in the real effort task reveals important systematic differences in individual characteristics across groups. However, while we find more differences, these differences are not systematic and difficult to interpret. These results indicate a need for more comprehensive theory explaining how combinations of different individual characteristics impact behavior is needed.
A Mind Reader Does Not Always Have Deontological Moral Judgments and Prosocial Behavior: A Developmental Perspective
Venue: Front. Psychol.

The rationalistic theories of morality emphasize that reasoning plays an important role in moral judgments and prosocial behavior. Theory of mind as a reasoning ability in the mental domain has been considered a facilitator of moral development. The present study examined whether theory of mind was consistently positively associated with morality from middle childhood to late adulthood. Two hundred and four participants, including 48 elementary school children, 45 adolescents, 62 younger adults, and 49 older adults, completed theory of mind, moral judgment and prosocial behavior tasks. Theory of mind was measured with strange stories that tapped into an understanding of lies, white lies, double bluffs, irony, and persuasion. Moral judgments were measured with variants of the trolley dilemma. Prosocial behavior was measured through participants' performance in an interactive situation in which a helping request was made. The results indicated specific rather than similar developmental trajectories of theory of mind, moral judgments, and prosocial behavior. There was a quadratic trend in theory of mind, a combination of quadratic and cubic trends in deontological moral judgments and a linear decline in helping behavior. It is thus suggested that theory of mind may not be associated with morality in an unchanging way during development. Further results indicated that theory of mind and deontological moral judgments were negatively correlated for children, adolescents, and older adults but positively correlated for younger adults. Theory of mind and helping behavior were positively correlated for children but negatively correlated for adolescents. However, the relationships disappeared in adulthood. In sum, the present study reveals that theory of mind may be a nice tool for its facilitation of deontological moral judgments and prosocial behavior, but it may also be a nasty tool for its blocking of deontological moral judgments and prosocial behavior. Moreover, theory of mind may be a permanent tool for moral judgment development but a temporary tool for prosocial behavior development. Thus, the present study enriches the rationalistic theories of morality from a developmental perspective. Different relationships between theory of mind and morality from middle childhood to late adulthood are discussed.
Dynamic Changes of the Ecological Footprint and Its Component Analysis Response to Land Use in Wuhan, China

Humans' demands for biological resources and energies have always been increasing, whereas evidence has shown that this demand is outpacing the regenerative and absorptive capacity of the planet. Since China is experiencing unprecedented urbanization and industrialization processes, how much impact this has imposed on the earth during economic development worldwide is conspicuous. Therefore, this paper tries to examine the environmental impact in detail and track its changes in a typical city of Central China, Wuhan, based on ecological footprint analysis. By calculating the ecological footprint and its components in terms of biologically productive land areas during the period of 1995 2008, it is found that the ecological footprint increased in fluctuations from 1.48 gha per capita to 2.10 gha per capita, with the carbon footprint contributing most within the whole time period. Compared to the tiny declining biocapacity of the region, a gradually aggravated ecological deficit in the city was observed, which increased from 1.12 gha per capita in 1995 to 1.79 gha per capita in 2008. Component analysis on the trends of the ecological footprint and ecological deficit reveals that the impact on the ecosystem induced by humans' demands for resource production and energy consumption became greater than before, and cutting down the consumption of fossil fuels could reduce the carbon footprint and the overall ecological deficit of the city.
A tutorial on task parameterized movement learning and retrieval
Venue: Intell. Serv. Robotics

Task parameterized models of movements aim at automatically adapting movements to new situations encountered by a robot. The task parameters can, for example, take the form of positions of objects in the environment or landmark points that the robot should pass through. This tutorial aims at reviewing existing approaches for task adaptive motion encoding. It then narrows down the scope to the special case of task parameters that take the form of frames of reference, coordinate systems or basis functions, which are most commonly encountered in service robotics. Each section of the paper is accompanied by source codes designed as simple didactic examples implemented in Matlab with a full compatibility with GNU Octave, closely following the notation and equations of the article. It also presents ongoing work and further challenges that remain to be addressed, with examples provided in simulation and on a real robot (transfer of manipulation behaviors to the Baxter bimanual robot) The repository for the accompanying source codes is available at http:/www.idiap.ch/software/pbdlib/
Using Raman spectroscopy to characterize biological materials
Venue: Nature Protocols

Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the chemical composition of a sample, which can in turn be used to extract biological information. Many materials have characteristic Raman spectra, which means that Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an effective analytical approach in geology, semiconductor, materials and polymer science fields. The application of Raman spectroscopy and microscopy within biology is rapidly increasing because it can provide chemical and compositional information, but it does not typically suffer from interference from water molecules. Analysis does not conventionally require extensive sample preparation; biochemical and structural information can usually be obtained without labeling. In this protocol, we aim to standardize and bring together multiple experimental approaches from key leaders in the field for obtaining Raman spectra using a microspectrometer. As examples of the range of biological samples that can be analyzed, we provide instructions for acquiring Raman spectra, maps and images for fresh plant tissue, formalin fixed and fresh frozen mammalian tissue, fixed cells and biofluids. We explore a robust approach for sample preparation, instrumentation, acquisition parameters and data processing. By using this approach, we expect that a typical Raman experiment can be performed by a nonspecialist user to generate high quality data for biological materials analysis.
A Survey of Recommender Systems and Their Application in Healthcare

th independent research area at the end of 19 century and its popularity has dramatically increased in recent years [i ii] Recommendation techniques have been used in various domains such as health, entertainment, ecommerce, sports, media etc. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recommender systems in healthcare industry. Recommender systems are widely used in health care industry now days to provide better health services to patient and also facilitate doctors and hospital staff to make decisions. The practice of recommendation techniques in health care demands to consider distinct requirements as compared to other domains like e commerce. We have developed a hybrid recommender system for healthcare. The reported results of the proposed recommender system is also presented in this survey paper. The statistical comparison of the proposed system with existing state of the art systems is also presented. The proposed survey paper presents a critical analysis of the existing recommender systems specifically in health care. This paper elaborates the usage of recommender systems in health care domain, which mainly focus on providing the most suitable recommendations of doctors and hospitals to patients. The key factors of hospital selection is also investigated. Finally, this survey paper provides useful suggestions that can help in improving the quality of recommender systems in health care industry.
Comparison of Diet versus Exercise on Metabolic Function and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats.
Venue: Medicine and science in sports and exercise

Cardiometabolic impairments that begin early in life are particularly critical, because they often predict metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. Obesity, high fat diet (HFD) and inactivity are all associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) major predictors of metabolic dysfunction. Recent evidence has also associated the gut microbiome with cardiometabolic health.  The objective of this study is to compare equal energy deficits induced by exercise and caloric reduction on cardiometabolic disease risk parameters including AT inflammation, IR, and gut microbiota changes during HFD consumption.  Obesity prone rats fed HFD were exercise trained (Ex, n 10) or weight matched to Ex via caloric reduction although kept sedentary (WM, n 10) and compared with ad libitum HFD fed (Sed, n 10) rats for IR, systemic energetics and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) adiposity, and fasting metabolic parameters. Visceral, subcutaneous, periaortic, and brown AT (BAT) liver, aorta, and cecal digesta were examined.  Despite identical reductions in adiposity, Ex, but not WM, improved IR, increased SPA by approximately 26% (P 0.05 compared with WM and Sed) and reduced LDL cholesterol (P 0.05 compared with Sed) WM and Ex both reduced inflammatory markers in all AT depots and aorta, whereas only Ex increased indicators of mitochondrial function in BAT. Ex significantly increased the relative abundance of cecal Streptococcaceae and decreased S24 7 and one undefined genus in Rikenellaceae; WM induced similar changes but did not reach statistical significance.  Both Ex and WM reduced AT inflammation across depots, whereas Ex caused more robust changes to gut microbial communities, improved IR, increased fat oxidation, increased SPA, and increased indices of BAT mitochondrial function. Our findings add to the growing body of literature indicating that there are weight loss independent metabolic benefits of exercise.
Development, diet and dynamism: longitudinal and cross sectional predictors of gut microbial communities in wild baboons.
Venue: Environmental microbiology

Gut bacterial communities play essential roles in host biology, but to date we lack information on the forces that shape gut microbiota between hosts and over time in natural populations. Understanding these forces in wild primates provides a valuable comparative context that enriches scientific perspectives on human gut microbiota. To this end, we tested predictors of gut microbial composition in a well studied population of wild baboons. Using cross sectional and longitudinal samples collected over 13 years, we found that baboons harbour gut microbiota typical of other omnivorous primates, albeit with an especially high abundance of Bifidobacterium. Similar to previous work in humans and other primates, we found strong effects of both developmental transitions and diet on gut microbial composition. Strikingly, baboon gut microbiota appeared to be highly dynamic such that samples collected from the same individual only a few days apart were as different from each other as samples collected over 10 years apart. Despite the dynamic nature of baboon gut microbiota, we identified a set of core taxa that is common among primates, supporting the hypothesis that microbiota codiversify with their host species. Our analysis identified two tentative enterotypes in adult baboons that differ from those of humans and chimpanzees.
Novel chimeric foot and mouth disease virus like particles harboring serotype O VP1 protect guinea pigs against challenge.
Venue: Veterinary microbiology

Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious, acute viral disease of cloven hoofed animal species causing severe economic losses worldwide. Among the seven serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O is predominant, but its viral capsid is more acid sensitive than other serotypes, making it more difficult to produce empty serotype O VLPs in the low pH insect hemolymph. Therefore, a novel chimeric virus like particle (VLP) based candidate vaccine for serotype O FMDV was developed and characterized in the present study. The chimeric VLPs were composed of antigenic VP1 from serotype O and segments of viral capsid proteins from serotype Asia1. These VLPs elicited significantly higher FMDV specific antibody levels in immunized mice than did the inactivated vaccine. Furthermore, the chimeric VLPs protected guinea pigs from FMDV challenge with an efficacy similar to that of the inactivated vaccine. These results suggest that chimeric VLPs have the potential for use in vaccines against serotype O FMDV infection.
An autonomous pollination robot for hormone treatment of tomato flower in greenhouse
Venue: 2016 3rd International Conference on Systems and Informatics (ICSAI)

In order to meet the requirement for automatic production, a pollination robot system for tomato flower on the inclined wire culture was designed. The robot is composed of a platform vehicle, a binocular vision system, a manipulator with four degrees of freedom and an end effector. Based on the tomato cultivation restriction, a collision free motion of the manipulator was planned to move the end effector to the spraying position without hitting the crop and the construction of the robot. The binocular vision system was used to detect the flower clusters according to the saturation hue color feature and the size feature and obtain the 3 D spraying position of the flowers on the basis of stereoscopy. As the experimental results showed, the recognition success rate of the flower cluster was influenced by the number of flowers in one cluster: the recognition rate was only 50% for the cluster with one flower and the recognition rate was at least 80% for the cluster with no less than two flowers. The average error between the detected distance and measured distance for the spraying position accuracy was 6.4mm. The average spraying success rate of 69.6% was attributed to the leaves obstruction and the spraying direction deviation, and the execution time of the pollination operation was 15 seconds per cluster on average including both imaging time and spraying time.
Mushroom Biomass: Some Clinical Implications of b Glucans and Enzymes

Mushrooms have attracted market attention because they are a potential source of bioactive compounds able to perform several functions in organisms with benefits for the health of the consumer. Cultivation processes vary according a) industrial fermentation in large vats to produce extracted form of mushrooms or b) closed cultivation system individually grown in jars on an aseptic "substrate" with controlled lighting and irrigation to produce a biomass form of mushrooms. Biomass is the mycelium with primordia (young fruiting body before the mushroom blooms) containing all the nutrients and active compounds, including b glucans, enzymes and secondary metabolites. The classification of mushroom biomass varies according to the presentation; the biomass can be classified as a "food" if in powder form or, classified as a "dietary supplement" in tablet form. While tablet mushroom biomass is considered a dietary supplement, mushroom extracts are designated pharmaceutical compounds, pharmanutrients or nutraceuticals. Here we illustrate the difference between mushrooms in the biomass and extract forms, the similarities and differences on its content on enzymes, secondary metabolites and on b glucans, as a soluble and fermentable fibre. Of particular note is the rich enzyme activity in the biomass form of mushrooms. Such activity includes enzymes that prevent oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase) enzymes that prevent cellular growth (protease, glucoamylase) and enzymes that promote detoxification (cytochrome P 450, peroxidase, glucose 2 oxidase) b glucans have been proposed to act as "biological response modifiers" based on their effects on the immune system, and its role in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic syndrome linked diseases. This review focuses also on some described health promoting potential of mushroom biomass, all through immunomodulation. The role of intestinal microbiota is enhanced.
Workington: a case study in coordination and communication

This study was carried out to identify the social impact of losing transport links within a community, and the practices of coordination and communication during and after an extreme adverse event. In November 2009, Workington, Cumbria had most of its bridges either damaged or destroyed during a major flood. The effects of the disaster were immediate, while the subsequent planning and recovery process took time. Over 3 years, Cumbria County Council (CCC) went through a coordinated process of installing temporary infrastructure, building and repairing Workington's bridges. A desk based investigation of the disaster and the recovery process using websites and the local press demonstrates a coordinated approach to replace Workington's infrastructure and the importance of communication in the town's recovery. CCC, through a series of practical measures, reduced disruption within the community in stages. The reconstruction of the town's bridges involved communication and public consultation about the new infra.
Linguistic Input Features Improve Neural Machine Translation
Venue: WMT

Neural machine translation has recently achieved impressive results, while using little in the way of external linguistic information. In this paper we show that the strong learning capability of neural MT models does not make linguistic features redundant; they can be easily incorporated to provide further improvements in performance. We generalize the embedding layer of the encoder in the attentional encoder decoder architecture to support the inclusion of arbitrary features, in addition to the baseline word feature. We add morphological features, part of speech tags, and syntactic dependency labels as input features to English German, and English >Romanian neural machine translation systems. In experiments on WMT16 training and test sets, we find that linguistic input features improve model quality according to three metrics: perplexity, BLEU and CHRF3. An open source implementation of our neural MT system is available, as are sample files and configurations.