nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic telescopic craniotomy: a cadaveric study of a novel device and technique.
Venue: Journal of neurosurgery

OBJECT The authors assessed the feasibility of the dynamic decompressive craniotomy technique using a novel cranial fixation plate with a telescopic component. Following a craniotomy in human cadaver skulls, the telescopic plates were placed to cover the bur holes. The plates allow constrained outward movement of the bone flap upon an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and also prevent the bone flap from sinking once the ICP normalizes. The authors compared the extent of postcraniotomy ICP control after an abrupt increase in intracranial volume using the dynamic craniotomy technique versus the standard craniotomy or hinge craniotomy techniques.  Fixation of the bone flap after craniotomy was performed in 5 cadaver skulls using 3 techniques: 1) dynamic telescopic craniotomy, 2) hinge craniotomy, and 3) standard craniotomy with fixed plates. The ability of each technique to allow for expansion during intracranial hypertension was evaluated by progressively increasing intracranial volume. Biomechanical evaluation of the telescopic plates with load bearing tests was also undertaken.  Both the dynamic craniotomy and the hinge craniotomy techniques provided significant control of ICP during increases in intracranial volume as compared with the standard craniotomy technique. With the standard craniotomy, ICP increased from a mean of 11.4 to 100.1 mm Hg with the addition of 120 ml of intracranial volume. However, with the dynamic craniotomy, the addition of 120 ml of intracranial volume increased the ICP from a mean of 2.8 to 13.4 mm Hg, maintaining ICP within the normal range as compared with the standard craniotomy (p 0.04) The dynamic craniotomy was also superior in controlling ICP as compared with the hinge craniotomy, providing expansion for an additional 40 ml of intracranial volume while maintaining ICP within a normal range (p 0.008) Biomechanical load bearing tests for the dynamic telescopic plates revealed rigid restriction of bone flap sinking as compared with standard fixation plates and clamps.  The dynamic telescopic craniotomy technique with the novel cranial fixation plate provides superior control of ICP after an abrupt increase in intracranial volume as compared with the standard craniotomy and hinge craniotomy techniques.
In Vitro Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. and Some Standard Antibiotics on Bacteria Isolated From Women's Urogenital Tract Infections

Medicinal aromatic herbs have been used traditionally as a strong source of vegetables, spices and natural drugs for many centuries. Thus many recent researchers have become interested in its chemical extraction and antimicroorganism properties (1,2) The Ziziphora genus belongs to Lamiaceae family, with more than 15 species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean mountainous regions of Europe, Asia and Africa. This plant with the Persian name of Kakuti, consists of four species including Ziziphora clinopodioides, Ziziphora tenuior, Ziziphora capita and Ziziphora persica is found in mountainous regions of Iran (3 5) Many researches have been conducted on the antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of the plants. It has been shown in Iranian and many Asian traditional medicine, such as Turkey, that the infusions of Ziziphora species, especially Ziziphora clinopodioides, have been used as antiseptic, carminative and sedative agent to treat cold, flu, cough, stomach ache and diarrhea (1,6 10) In relation to the phytochemical properties of Ziziphora genus, many researchers suggested that the Ziziphora species are rich in monoterpenoides and phenolic compounds such as thymol, pulegone, piperitenone and p menth 3 en 8 ol, which can have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against many infectious diseases and pathogens (2,11,12) Due to the extensive distribution of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. and also the wide usage of it in traditional medicine of different regions of East Azerbaijan in Iran, this work was performed to determine the antibacterial activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides L. essential oils and some standard antibiotics against the pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens isolated from women with urogenital tract infections, in order to replace natural antibacterial compounds from that plant rather than synthetic chemical antibiotics from this region.
Joining measures for horocycle flows on abelian covers

A celebrated result of Ratner from the eighties says that two horocycle flows on hyperbolic surfaces of finite area are either the same up to algebraic change of coordinates, or they have no non trivial joinings. Recently, Mohammadi and Oh extended Ratner's theorem to horocycle flows on hyperbolic surfaces of infinite area but finite genus. In this paper, we present the first joining classification result of a horocycle flow on a hyperbolic surface of infinite genus: a \mathbb{Z} or \mathbb{Z}^2$ cover of a general compact hyperbolic surface. We also discuss several applications.
Factors affecting teachers' motivation: An HRM challenge for public sector higher educational institutions of Pakistan (HEIs)

The purpose of this paper is to explore/investigate various issues of teachers motivation in public sector Higher Educational Institutions of Pakistan.  This is an exploratory research where surveys have been conducted in the well known public sector Universities of Pakistan; primary data have been collected through questionnaire and in depth face to face interviews.  Findings of the research have shown that although compensation packages and financial incentives are important factors for employees in the competitive market environment of the higher education sector but some other factors like job design and working environment, performance management system, and training and development are also significant. The research has also explored various issues being faced by teachers in public sector HEIs related to the above mentioned factors.  This study can play a vital role in compelling the higher education authorities to ponder over the.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of ranitidine analogs as multiple target directed cognitive enhancers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Venue: Bioorganic medicinal chemistry letters

Using molecular modeling and rationally designed structural modifications, the multi target structure activity relationship for a series of ranitidine analogs has been investigated. Incorporation of a variety of isosteric groups indicated that appropriate aromatic moieties provide optimal interactions with the hydrophobic and p p interactions with the peripheral anionic site of the AChE active site. The SAR of a series of cyclic imides demonstrated that AChE inhibition is increased by additional aromatic rings, where 1,8 naphthalimide derivatives were the most potent analogs and other key determinants were revealed. In addition to improving AChE activity and chemical stability, structural modifications allowed determination of binding affinities and selectivities for M1 M4 receptors and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) These results as a whole indicate that the 4 nitropyridazine moiety of the JWS USC 75IX parent ranitidine compound (JWS) can be replaced with other chemotypes while retaining effective AChE inhibition. These studies allowed investigation into multitargeted binding to key receptors and warrant further investigation into 1,8 naphthalimide ranitidine derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media

The near ubiquitous use of social media among adolescents and young adults creates opportunities for both corporate brands and health promotion agencies to target and engage with young audiences in unprecedented ways. Traditional media is known to have both a positive and negative influence on youth health behaviours, but the impact of social media is less well understood. This paper first summarises current evidence around adolescents' exposure to the promotion and marketing of unhealthy products such as energy dense and nutrient poor food and beverages, alcohol, and tobacco on social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. We explore emerging evidence about the extent of exposure to marketing of these harmful products through social media platforms and potential impacts of exposure on adolescent health. Secondly, we present examples of health promoting social media campaigns aimed at youth, with the purpose of describing innovative campaigns and highlighting lessons learned for creating effective social media interventions. Finally, we suggest implications for policy and practice, and identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research.
Going beyond Triviality: The Toyota Production System Lean Manufacturing beyond Muda and Kaizen

Personal consulting experience has been showing that even many proven managers responsible for Lean Six Sigma Operational Excellence (OPEX) techniques have not fully understood the profound and comprehensive significance of Lean. Apart from the idealized interpretation of Lean boiled down to the limited concepts of Muda and Kaizen, the classical "temple" representation of the Toyota Production System (TPS) often leads to the interpretation that Lean is a toolbox from which one can select supposedly independent tools. By picking just some tools, however, the full potential of the TPS certainly cannot be exploited and in the worst case it may even cause production disruption. This essay criticizes the wide spread ultra simplification of concepts and, as a consequence, the distorted interpretation leads to an inappropriate use of the Lean tools. It presents two additional representations of the classical TPS temple model stressing the intrinsic systemic effects as well as the underlying theory concepts of the TPS to allow a flawless Just in Time (JIT) production. In fact, the original TPS is not a toolbox, but a comprehensive synergic tool system.
Introduction of lean manufacturing philosophy by kaizen event: case study on a metalmechanical industry

The competitive scenario requires organizational strategies increasingly elaborated, creating the need of companies to structure their management models in order to absorb these conflicts generated by competition. The manufacturing area is financially affecting deeply the company's results, thus process improvement comes as the organization's survival guideline, and the rationalization of waste without the need for high investments, shown a great competitive alternative. The application of Kaizen event seeks to measure the benefits generated by the implementation of the philosophy of lean manufacturing, working setup aspects of machinery, the manufacturing process flow, reduced delivery lead time and inventory process. The Kaizen Blitz was applied in a production cell of stamping and spirt processes. The obtained major improvements have been the reduction of machine setup time, reducing lead time of item processing, the material flow within the production cell, and creating conditions for a more flexible management of the production schedule.
An optimal PID controller via LQR for standard second order plus time delay systems.
Venue: ISA transactions

An improved tuning methodology of PID controller for standard second order plus time delay systems (SOPTD) is developed using the approach of Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and pole placement technique to obtain the desired performance measures. The pole placement method together with LQR is ingeniously used for SOPTD systems where the time delay part is handled in the controller output equation instead of characteristic equation. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been demonstrated via simulation of stable open loop oscillatory, over damped, critical damped and unstable open loop systems. Results show improved closed loop time response over the existing LQR based PI/PID tuning methods with less control effort. The effect of non dominant pole on the stability and robustness of the controller has also been discussed.
"Failures" to be celebrated: an analysis of major pivots of software startups
Venue: Empirical Software Engineering

In the context of software startups, project failure is embraced actively and considered crucial to obtain validated learning that can lead to pivots. A pivot is the strategic change of a business concept, product or the different elements of a business model. A better understanding is needed on different types of pivots and different factors that lead to failures and trigger pivots, for software entrepreneurial teams to make better decisions under chaotic and unpredictable environment. Due to the nascent nature of the topic, the existing research and knowledge on the pivots of software startups are very limited. In this study, we aimed at identifying the major types of pivots that software startups make during their startup processes, and highlighting the factors that fail software projects and trigger pivots. To achieve this, we conducted a case survey study based on the secondary data of the major pivots happened in 49 software startups. 10 pivot types and 14 triggering factors were identified. The findings show that customer need pivot is the most common among all pivot types. Together with customer segment pivot, they are common market related pivots. The major product related pivots are zoom in and technology pivots. Several new pivot types were identified, including market zoom in, complete and side project pivots. Our study also demonstrates that negative customer reaction and flawed business model are the most common factors that trigger pivots in software startups. Our study extends the research knowledge on software startup pivot types and pivot triggering factors. Meanwhile it provides practical knowledge to software startups, which they can utilize to guide their effective decisions on pivoting.
A rule based model for software development team composition: Team leader role with personality types and gender classification
Venue: Inf. Softw. Technol.

Recent studies have established the fact that the supply of handy and successful software has decreased to 6% The past studies have also attributed this supply failure to software development team composition factor. To overcome this problem, it is also suggested in the past studies that the soft skills of team member must be considered along with the hard skills.  Keeping in view this problem, this study aimed to look for in depth understanding of team lead role with personality types of member. This study also included gender to see its diverting impact on personality types and job role, since past studies have also raised many issues pertinent to these two variables.  This study used the experimented data to develop the rule based model for software development team composition by keeping gender as major effecting variable with personality. There were three independent predictor variables: Team leader role, Personality types, and Gender; and one outcome dependent variable: team performance. Additionally, personality types of team members were measured by using Myers Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI) instrument. This study divided the experiments into two stages. The first stage was descriptive examination of factual figures of data for model development. Whereas, the second stage was predictive experiments of data for developing the model.  The findings revealed that each gender emerged compatible with different types of personality for the same role. For instance, descriptive analysis part of this research highlighted that feeling(F) personality males were appropriate for team leader role, on another hand, thinking(T) personality females were suitable for the team lead role.  The conclusion can be drawn with the claim that the personality types of software development team roles fluctuate by gender type. Besides, this study revealed and ensured that gender should be kept in the consideration when composing teams based on personality types.
Child Development And Education In Japan

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Exploiting Turn Taking Temporal Evolution for Personality Trait Perception in Dyadic Conversations
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing

In dyadic conversations, turn taking is a dynamically evolving behavior strongly linked to paralinguistic communication. Turn taking temporal evolution in a dyadic conversation is inevitable and can be incorporated into a modeling framework for characterizing and recognizing the personality traits (PTs) of two speakers. This study presents an approach to automatically predicting PTs in a dyadic conversation. First, a recurrent neural network (RNN) was used to model the relationship between Big Five Inventory 10 (BFI 10) items and linguistic features of spoken text in each turn of a speaker (speaker turn) to output a BFI 10 profile. The RNN applies a recurrent property to characterize the short term temporal evolution of a dialog. Second, the coupled hidden Markov model (C HMM) was employed to model the long term turn taking temporal evolution and cross speaker contextual information for detecting the PTs of two individuals for the entire dialog represented by the BFI 10 profile sequence. The Mandarin Conversational Dialogue Corpus was used for evaluation. The evaluation result shows that an average perception accuracy of 79.66% for the big five traits was achieved using five fold cross validation. Compared with conventional HMM and support vector machine based methods, the proposed approach achieved a more favorable performance according to a statistical significance test. The encouraging results confirm the usability of this system for future applications.
Oyster reproduction is affected by exposure to polystyrene microplastics
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Plastics are a contaminant of emerging concern accumulating in marine ecosystems. Plastics tend to break down into small particles, called microplastics, which also enter the marine environment directly as fragments from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes. Given their ubiquitous nature and small dimensions, the ingestion and impact of microplastics on marine life are a cause for concern, notably for filter feeders. Oysters were exposed to polystyrene microparticles, which were shown to interfere with energy uptake and allocation, reproduction, and offspring performance. A drop in energy allocation played a major role in this reproductive impairment. This study provides ground breaking data on microplastic impacts in an invertebrate model, helping to predict ecological impact in marine ecosystems. Plastics are persistent synthetic polymers that accumulate as waste in the marine environment. Microplastic (MP) particles are derived from the breakdown of larger debris or can enter the environment as microscopic fragments. Because filter feeder organisms ingest MP while feeding, they are likely to be impacted by MP pollution. To assess the impact of polystyrene microspheres (micro PS) on the physiology of the Pacific oyster, adult oysters were experimentally exposed to virgin micro PS (2 and 6 um in diameter; 0.023 mg*L 1) for 2 mo during a reproductive cycle. Effects were investigated on ecophysiological parameters; cellular, transcriptomic, and proteomic responses; fecundity; and offspring development. Oysters preferentially ingested the 6 um micro PS over the 2 um diameter particles. Consumption of microalgae and absorption efficiency were significantly higher in exposed oysters, suggesting compensatory and physical effects on both digestive parameters. After 2 mo, exposed oysters had significant decreases in oocyte number 38% diameter 5% and sperm velocity 23% The D larval yield and larval development of offspring derived from exposed parents decreased by 41% and 18% respectively, compared with control offspring. Dynamic energy budget modeling, supported by transcriptomic profiles, suggested a significant shift of energy allocation from reproduction to structural growth, and elevated maintenance costs in exposed oysters, which is thought to be caused by interference with energy uptake. Molecular signatures of endocrine disruption were also revealed, but no endocrine disruptors were found in the biological samples. This study provides evidence that micro PS cause feeding modifications and reproductive disruption in oysters, with significant impacts on offspring.
Reconstructing Curvilinear Networks Using Path Classifiers and Integer Programming
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

We propose a novel approach to automated delineation of curvilinear structures that form complex and potentially loopy networks. By representing the image data as a graph of potential paths, we first show how to weight these paths using discriminatively trained classifiers that are both robust and generic enough to be applied to very different imaging modalities. We then present an Integer Programming approach to finding the optimal subset of paths, subject to structural and topological constraints that eliminate implausible solutions. Unlike earlier approaches that assume a tree topology for the networks, ours explicitly models the fact that the networks may contain loops, and can reconstruct both cyclic and acyclic ones. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of challenging datasets including aerial images of road networks and micrographs of neural arbors, and show that it outperforms state of the art techniques.
Doping Ga effect on ZnO radio frequency sputtered films from a powder target

Undoped ZnO and ZnO:Ga films have been radio frequency (RF) sputtered on glass substrates using powder targets. X ray diffraction studies reveal that the films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a preferential orientation along the c axis. The (002) peak shift to lower 2th values indicates that the films suffered compressive stress with Ga incorporation. The grain sizes are found in the range of 20 23 nm showing a nanostructure. All the films are highly transparent 85% in the visible region and the optical band gap shows a blue shift with Ga incorporation up to 3 wt. then a red shift with further Ga content from 3.56 to 3.47 eV due to band tail. Urbach energy increases from 0.06 to 0.15 eV with Ga content revealing disorder increase in the lattice. Besides the near band emission peak, which shows the same trend for the optical band gap variation, Photoluminescence measurements show deep level emissions in the violet, blue and green regions. The electrical parameters were obtained with both optical reflectance based on the Drude free electron model and the Hall method and similar tendencies were observed within the two methods. The highest figure of merit observed in this study was 3.57 x 10 3 O 1 showing that the 3 wt. Ga films are potentially attractive for application as transparent conductive oxide thin films in solar cells. RF sputtering from a powder target was found to be a simple and cost effective technique for the synthesis of ZnO thin films for potential applications in the renewable energy devices.