nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Right Not to Marry

In Obergefell v. Hodges, the United States Supreme Court recognized a constitutional right for same sex couples to marry. Although the decision is an important milestone in the struggle for equality, it also threatens to destabilize the relationships of those who previously entered into civil unions or domestic partnerships and may, for a variety of reasons, prefer not to trade their existing status for marriage. That is because states have routinely responded to the legalization of same sex marriage by eliminating their nonmarital statuses. Some states have terminated such statuses and have required couples to opt into marriage to continue receiving the rights to which they had become accustomed. Other states have converted the nonmarital statuses to marriages and have required couples wishing to avoid marriage to dissolve their legal relationships. These actions have made it difficult and in some cases practically impossible for couples to choose not to marry.These state actions reveal the existence and scope of a right that has largely hidden in plain sight: a right not to marry. Although widely assumed to exist, courts have not yet found the occasion to invoke it. But a flurry of cases culminating in the Obergefell decision compel the conclusion that the values supporting the right to marry also support a corollary right not to marry. The terminations and conversions of nonmarital relationships bring this right not to marry into sharper focus through the directness of their interventions and their impact on the choice to marry.
EFANNA An Extremely Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Algorithm Based on kNN Graph
Venue: ArXiv

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search is a fundamental problem in many areas of data mining, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of traditional hierarchical structure (tree) based methods decreases as the dimensionality of data grows, while hashing based methods usually lack efficiency in practice. Recently, the graph based methods have drawn considerable attention. The main idea is that \emph{a neighbor of a neighbor is also likely to be a neighbor} which we refer as \emph{NN expansion} These methods construct a $k$ nearest neighbor $k$NN) graph offline. And at online search stage, these methods find candidate neighbors of a query point in some way \eg, random selection) and then check the neighbors of these candidate neighbors for closer ones iteratively. Despite some promising results, there are mainly two problems with these approaches: 1) These approaches tend to converge to local optima. 2) Constructing a $k$NN graph is time consuming. We find that these two problems can be nicely solved when we provide a good initialization for NN expansion. In this paper, we propose EFANNA, an extremely fast approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm based on $k$NN Graph. Efanna nicely combines the advantages of hierarchical structure based methods and nearest neighbor graph based methods. Extensive experiments have shown that EFANNA outperforms the state of art algorithms both on approximate nearest neighbor search and approximate nearest neighbor graph construction. To the best of our knowledge, EFANNA is the fastest algorithm so far both on approximate nearest neighbor graph construction and approximate nearest neighbor search. A library EFANNA based on this research is released on Github.
Pruned Bi directed K nearest Neighbor Graph for Proximity Search
Venue: SISAP

In this paper, we address the problems with fast proximity searches for high dimensional data by using a graph as an index. Graph based methods that use the k nearest neighbor graph (KNNG) as an index perform better than tree based and hash based methods in terms of search precision and query time. To further improve the performance of the KNNG, the number of edges should be increased. However, increasing the number takes up more memory, while the rate of performance improvement gradually falls off. Here, we propose a pruned bi directed KNNG (PBKNNG) in order to improve performance without increasing the number of edges. Different directed edges for existing edges between a pair of nodes are added to the KNNG, and excess edges are selectively pruned from each node. We show that the PBKNNG outperforms the KNNG for SIFT and GIST image descriptors. However, the drawback of the KNNG is that its construction cost is fatally expensive. As an alternative, we show that a graph can be derived from an approximate neighborhood graph, which costs much less to construct than a KNNG, in the same way as the PBKNNG and that it also outperforms a KNNG.
College Teaching Quality Evaluation Based on System Dynamics Model

This paper analyzes the main factors that influence the teaching quality and the cause and effect relationship between them, using system dynamics to establish the evaluation model of teaching quality in Colleges and universities. Taking a college A for example, this model is induced in the simulation of teaching quality, then the change process of teaching quality and feedback mechanism between these effective factors is proposed, as well as the teaching quality change under different policy parameters. And with the purpose of improving teaching quality, some measures are put forward, including staff quality, management quality, organization quality and environment quality.
Rule Based Communication Protocol between Social Networks using Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL)

Social network sites have become de factor in fostering human relationships and business prospects. Several social networks abound with little interoperability functionality that enables exchange of profiles of users. Though, proprietary Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are provided as endpoints for applications in retrieval of user profile. Moreover, semantic web Friend of a Friend (FOAF) is now been used as a medium for realizing semantic social networks to be able to share user's profile across sites. And since the goal of semantic web is to provide autonomous data centric system coupled on ontology and reasoning, we propose a novel communication protocol named iProc, and usable by autonomous agents that relies on the distributive nature of social network data in coalescing a virtually centralized social network and as well providing means to enlarge user's connectivity to other users across different sites. This paper presents the architecture for a proposed iProc. Furthermore, an implementation of the FOAF files to be used was carried out and discussed.
Fungal Biotechnology for Industrial Enzyme Production: Focus on (Hemi)cellulase Production Strategies, Advances and Challenges

Microbial enzymes catalyzing a variety of different chemical reactions contribute significantly in modern industry by improving existing processes. In addition, the use of enzymes in replacement of traditional chemical or mechanical processes helps to reduce energy demands and environmental pollution. However, enzymes must compete commercially with relatively inexpensive traditional industrial technologies. Meeting economical and commercial feasibility criteria depends on a number of enzymatic properties including the specificity to the substrate, stability in industrial enzymatic reaction conditions and catalytic efficiency. The microorganism used as an enzyme production host should be suitable for industrial scale fermentation. Filamentous fungi are being developed as one of the best enzyme production systems due to their ability to secrete high quantities of enzymes suitable for industrial applications. The industrial importance of filamentous fungi also includes the development and commercialization of new products derived from genetically engineered fungal strains expressing modified homologous and/or heterologous enzymes. In this chapter we will discuss the challenges and biotechnological approaches used in development of novel or improved enzymes for industrial applications as well as fungal strains with increased enzyme production and secretion capacity.
Mining customer requirements from online reviews: A product improvement perspective
Venue: Inf. Manag.

We propose a filtering model to predict helpfulness of reviews for product design.We provide a way to use the KANO model based on online reviews.We explore how to obtain insights from Big Data through knowledge based view. Big data commerce has become an e commerce trend. Learning how to extract valuable and real time insights from big data to drive smarter and more profitable business decisions is a main task of big data commerce. Using online reviews as an example, manufacturers have come to value how to select helpful online reviews and what can be learned from online reviews for new product development. In this research, we first proposed an automatic filtering model to predict the helpfulness of online reviews from the perspective of the product designer. The KANO method, which is based on the classical conjoint analysis model, is then innovatively applied to analyze online reviews to develop appropriate product improvement strategies. Moreover, an empirical case study using the new method is conducted with the data we acquired from JD.com, one of the largest electronic marketplaces in China. The case study indicates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach. Our research suggests that the combination of big data and classical management models can bring success for big data commerce.
Biology, Pest Status, Microbiome and Control of Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Plataspidae) A New Invasive Pest in the U.S.
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

Soybean is an important food crop, and insect integrated pest management (IPM) is critical to the sustainability of this production system. In recent years, the introduction into the United States of the kudzu bug currently identified as Megacopta cribraria (F. poses a threat to soybean production. The kudzu bug was first discovered in the state of Georgia, U.S. in 2009 and since then has spread to most of the southeastern states. Because it was not found in the North American subcontinent before this time, much of our knowledge of this insect comes from research done in its native habitat. However, since the U.S. introduction, studies have been undertaken to improve our understanding of the kudzu bug basic biology, microbiome, migration patterns, host selection and management in its expanding new range. Researchers are not only looking at developing IPM strategies for the kudzu bug in soybean, but also at its unique relationship with symbiotic bacteria. Adult females deposit bacterial packets with their eggs, and the neonates feed on these packets to acquire the bacteria, Candidatus Ishikawaella capsulata. The kudzu bug should be an informative model to study the co evolution of insect function and behavior with that of a single bacteria species. We review kudzu bug trapping and survey methods, the development of bioassays for insecticide susceptibility, insecticide efficacy, host preferences, impact of the pest on urban environments, population expansion, and the occurrence of natural enemies. The identity of the kudzu bug in the U.S. is not clear. We propose that the kudzu bug currently accepted as M. cribraria in the U.S. is actually Megacopta punctatissima, with more work needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Integration of smart mobile handset devices in a smart healthcare center organization: A proof of concept
Venue: 2016 3rd MEC International Conference on Big Data and Smart City (ICBDSC)

Modern technologies are now the core building stones of efficient and flexible facilities organization. Healthcare centers are the most popular facilities in which information and communication technologies are used for both medical and management issues. This paper proposes a smart healthcare center organization that integrates smart mobile handset devices with the healthcare center intranet for several objectives. Among these are patients and patients' information management, medical and staff management, Staff conflicts avoidance, and automatic measurements reading. A small application was built to test the applicability and acceptance of the proposed organization. The majority of a small sample of medical and other supportive staff, that tested the application, believed that the proposed method will improve the healthcare center performance.
Face recognition and authentication using LBP and BSIF mask detection and elimination
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (ComNet)

In this paper, a face recognition and authentication method that can detect and eliminate the presence of the mask is proposed. The proposed method utilizes facial features, which are captured locally and globally to distinguish between a mask and a real face. The features employed here are extracted from the whole face as well as the eye and nose regions that are expected to provide a clue on the presence of the mask. Here, Local binary pattern (LBP) and Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF) are utilized to extract the texture features of the face for recognition. Then for classification Euclidean distance classifier is used whose scores are fused using the weighted sum rule for making the decision about a real face or a mask attack. 3D mask database 3DMAD is used for testing the algorithm.
Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif pada penyusunan laporan praktikum Fisika Dasar

Laporan praktikum, salah satu karya tertulis dapat menggambarkan kemampuan berpikir, terutama berpikir kritis dan kreatif. Penerapan berpikir kritis dimaksudkan untuk menghasilkan laporan yang dapat dipahami secara komprehensif oleh pembaca. Penerapan berpikir kreatif digunakan untuk memunculkan estetika penyusunan laporan praktikum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif serta pola keduanya pada penyusunan laporan praktikum Fisika Dasar. Data penelitian menerapkan analisis dokumen, angket dan wawancara yang ditujukan mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika, dengan menerapkan grounded theory Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif berada pada kategori sedang dan tinggi. Perbedaan pola antara mahasiswa berkemampuan kritis sedang dan tinggi terletak pada komponen alat dan bahan, dasar teori, data pengamatan, pembahasan dan daftar pustaka. Perbedaan pola antara mahasiswa berkemampuan kritis sedang dan tinggi terletak pada komponen tujuan, metode praktikum, alat dan bahan, dan pembahasan. Ditemukan pula bahwa pengetahuan mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kritis dan ketakutan terhadap distingsi mempengaruhi kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Practical report as one of the written works, describes the thinking ability, especially critical and creative thinking ability. Application of critical thinking is intended to generate seports that can be understood by the reader comprehensively. The application of creative thinking ability is used to bring up the aesthetic results of lab reports. This study aimed to analize the critical and creative thinking ability and patterns in the preparation of the basic physics lab results. The research data applying cocument analysis, questionnaire, and confirmed by an interview given to students of Physical Education. Grounded theoriy is used to analize this study. The results showed that students critical thinking ability tha are in medium and high category whose are different pattern. Differences in pattern between students ability to think high and medium category critically is located on the caracteristics of those key issue on the basic components of the theory that clarivy the terms of physics (definition, examples, and background) clarivying the mathematical equations used to provide meaning and reveal facts that are pailored to the theory on the data analized component. Diffrences capable of creative thinking ability of students high and medium categories is located in the birth of new ideas coming from students' thinking practitioner in the preaparation of the component of interest, and detailing and object so that it is more valuable to describe the tools anda materials used for practical implementation.
Pembuatan Alat Uji Kekentalan Minyak Goreng Dengan Menggunakan Metode Viskositas Stokes Untuk Praktikum Fisika Dasar 1 Jurusan Tadris Fisika Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah Dan Keguruan Iain Walisongo

Penelitian ini merancang dan merealisasikan pembuatan alat uji kekentalan minyak goreng dengan metode viskositas stokes dan indeks bias.Pembuatan alat uji kekentalan minyak goreng dengan metode vis kositas stokes terdiri dari sumber cahaya, sensor cahaya yang keluarannya diproses dengan mikrokontroler ATMega8535 dengan algoritma program kemudian hasilnya ditampilkan pada LCD (Liquid Cristal Display).Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa pembuatan alat uji kekentalan min yak goreng dengan metode viskositas stokes dan indeks bias pada prak tikum Tadris Fisika Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Walisongo Semarang sudah dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan yang diinginkan dan data nilai viskositas nya yaitu sebesar 4,80x10 3 Ns/m2.
Application of HPLC DAD after SPE/QuEChERS with ZrO2 based sorbent in d SPE clean up step for pesticide analysis in edible oils.
Venue: Food chemistry

In this study, the solid phase extraction/quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (SPE/QuEChERS) technique was adapted to develop a simple sample treatment for multi residue pesticide analysis of edible oils. The proposed method is based on liquid liquid partitioning with acetonitrile followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using zirconia coated silica particles for extract purification. To evaluate the described method, 21 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC DAD) For validation purposes, recovery studies were performed at 75 ng g( 1) 125 ng g( 1) 250 ng g( 1) 500 ng g( 1) and 1000 ng g( 1) levels. Recoveries were over the range of 50 130% for most of the analytes, with relative standard deviations less than 15% being observed. HPLC DAD provided suitable linearity, precision and accuracy. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of edible oil samples selected from the market.
A combined experimental/computational study on metal organic framework MIL 101(Cr) as a SPE sorbent for the determination of sulphonamides in environmental water samples coupling with UPLC MS/MS.
Venue: Talanta

As a novel kind of materials, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential for the preconcentration of trace analytes. In our work, MIL 101(Cr) was prepared and applied as a solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the pretreatment of sulfadiazine (SDA) sulfamethazine (SMZ) sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in different environmental water samples coupling with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS) detection. Experimental parameters, such as SPE materials, pH of water sample, volume of sample, flow rate, and type and volume of elution solvent, were properly optimized. Under the optimum conditions, good sensitivity levels were achieved with the detection limits of 0.03 0.08mg/L and the quantitation limits of 0.11 0.27mg/L. The linear ranges were from 0.2 40 or 0.5 100mg/L (r(2)>0.996) for the analytes, and the relative recoveries were in the range from 83.5% to 107.3% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) between 0.2% and 8.0% (n=6) In addition, computational simulation was primarily used to predict the adsorption of MIL 101(Cr) toward sulphonamides (SAs) and also demonstrated the molecular interactions and free binding energies with the molecular modeling method. The results revealed that the combination of experimental and computational study not only accurately recognized the adsorption of MIL 101(Cr) on SAs, but also provided a new strategy on the trace contaminant analysis.
Rapid, automated online SPE LC QTRAP MS/MS method for the simultaneous analysis of 14 phthalate metabolites and 5 bisphenol analogues in human urine.
Venue: Talanta

Phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) have received special attention in recent years due to their frequent use in consumer products and potential for adverse effects on human health. BPA is being replaced with a number of alternatives, including bisphenol S, bisphenol B, bisphenol F and bisphenol AF. These bisphenol analogues have similar potential for adverse health effects, but studies on human exposure are limited. Accurate measurement of multiple contaminants is important for estimating exposure. This paper describes a sensitive and automated method for the simultaneous determination of 14 phthalate metabolites, BPA and four bisphenol analogues in urine using online solid phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer (LC QTRAP MS/MS) requiring very little sample volume (50uL) Quantification was performed under selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with negative electrospray ionization. The use of SRM combined with an enhanced product ion scan within the same analysis was examined. Unequivocal identification was provided by the acquisition of three SRM transitions per compound and isotope dilution. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated in synthetic and human urine. Linearity of response over three orders of magnitude was demonstrated for all of the compounds (R(2)>0.99) with method detection limits of 0.01 0.5ng/mL and limits of reporting of 0.07 3.1ng/mL. Accuracy ranged from 93% to 113% and inter and intra day precision were <22% Finally, the validated method has been successfully applied to a cohort of pregnant women to measure biomarker concentrations of phthalates and bisphenols, with median concentrations ranging from 0.3ng/mL (bisphenol S) to 18.5ng/mL (monoethyl phthalate)
Catalytic distillation for ethyl acetate synthesis using microfibrous structured Nafion SiO2/SS fiber solid acid packings

Catalytic distillation (CD) offers a unique integration of distillation and catalysis to selectively separate products in situ while making a positive shift of chemical equilibrium and has therefore been well received as an inviting avenue to green chemical processing. Rendering novel structured catalytic packings is particularly desirable but remains challenging. Herein, we present a microfibrous structured Nafion SiO2/SS fiber solid acid catalyst and demonstrate its separation and reaction efficiency as CD packings for esterification to produce ethyl acetate from acetic acid and ethanol. A thin sheet microfibrous structure with 15 vol% 20 mm stainless steel fibers (SS fiber) and 85 vol% void volume was shaped into th ring analogues. Nafion was then firmly locked into the SiO2 layer that was anchored onto the SS fiber surface by a dip coating method using self crosslinking Nafion SiO2 sol gel prepared by Nafion catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) Such micro structured Nafion catalysts worked effectively and efficiently in the CD for esterification of acetic acid with ethanol as the result of a unique combination of high catalyst performance (stability, adequate acidic sites and high mass/heat transfer) and instantaneous distillation. For instance, high total (93.6% and actual (91.6% yields of ethyl acetate with 96.2% purity were achievable at a high space time yield (4.3 g mmol 1 h 1) while the high CD efficiency was maintained for 40 h over 5 consecutive batch runs.