nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Daptomycin inhibits cell envelope synthesis by interfering with fluid membrane microdomains
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

To date, simple membrane pore formation resulting in cytoplasmic leakage is the prevailing model for how membrane active antibiotics kill bacteria and also is one of the main explanations for the activity of the membrane binding antibiotic daptomycin. However, such models, typically derived from model membrane studies, often depict membranes as homogenous lipid bilayers. They do not take into account the complex architecture of biological membranes, with their many different membrane proteins, or the presence of microdomains with different fluidity properties. Here we report that daptomycin perturbs fluid microdomains in bacterial cell membranes, thereby interfering with membrane bound cell wall and lipid synthesis processes. Our results add a different perspective as to how membrane active antibiotics can kill bacteria. Daptomycin is a highly efficient last resort antibiotic that targets the bacterial cell membrane. Despite its clinical importance, the exact mechanism by which daptomycin kills bacteria is not fully understood. Different experiments have led to different models, including (i) blockage of cell wall synthesis, (ii) membrane pore formation, and (iii) the generation of altered membrane curvature leading to aberrant recruitment of proteins. To determine which model is correct, we carried out a comprehensive mode of action study using the model organism Bacillus subtilis and different assays, including proteomics, ionomics, and fluorescence light microscopy. We found that daptomycin causes a gradual decrease in membrane potential but does not form discrete membrane pores. Although we found no evidence for altered membrane curvature, we confirmed that daptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis. Interestingly, using different fluorescent lipid probes, we showed that binding of daptomycin led to a drastic rearrangement of fluid lipid domains, affecting overall membrane fluidity. Importantly, these changes resulted in the rapid detachment of the membrane associated lipid II synthase MurG and the phospholipid synthase PlsX. Both proteins preferentially colocalize with fluid membrane microdomains. Delocalization of these proteins presumably is a key reason why daptomycin blocks cell wall synthesis. Finally, clustering of fluid lipids by daptomycin likely causes hydrophobic mismatches between fluid and more rigid membrane areas. This mismatch can facilitate proton leakage and may explain the gradual membrane depolarization observed with daptomycin. Targeting of fluid lipid domains has not been described before for antibiotics and adds another dimension to our understanding of membrane active antibiotics.
Simplified spacecraft vulnerability assessments at component level in early design phase at the European Space Agency's Concurrent Design Facility

During recent years, the state of the art risk assessment of the threat posed to spacecraft by micrometeoroids and space debris has been expanded to the analysis of failure modes of internal spacecraft components. This method can now be used to perform risk analyses for satellites to assess various failure levels from failure of specific sub systems to catastrophic break up. This new assessment methodology is based on triple wall ballistic limit equations (BLEs) specifically the Schafer Ryan Lambert (SRL) BLE, which is applicable for describing failure threshold levels for satellite components following a hypervelocity impact. The methodology is implemented in the form of the software tool Particle Impact Risk and vulnerability Analysis Tool (PIRAT) During a recent European Space Agency (ESA) funded study, the PIRAT functionality was expanded in order to provide an interface to ESA's Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) The additions include a geometry importer and an OCDT (Open Concurrent Design Tool) interface. The new interface provides both the expanded geometrical flexibility, which is provided by external computer aided design (CAD) modelling, and an ease of import of existing data without the need for extensive preparation of the model. The reduced effort required to perform vulnerability analyses makes it feasible for application during early design phase, at which point modifications to satellite design can be undertaken with relatively little extra effort. The integration of PIRAT in the CDF represents the first time that vulnerability analyses can be performed in session in ESA's CDF and the first time that comprehensive vulnerability studies can be applied cost effectively in early design phase in general.
Engaging Online Kinesthetic Learners In Active Learning

This article will examine instructional strategies to engage the kinesthetic learner to implement active learning in the online learning environment. Online learning tends to provide lectures to listen to and reading assignments, providing little opportunity to actively apply course content. With today's computermediated learning environment, further discussion on what educational practices are required in order to develop active learning skills in an online class setting is needed. A high percentage of learners have a kinesthetic preference. Preliminary research has revealed that of the learning style preference categories, kinesthetic learners may be the least engaged in the online learning environment. The replication of real life experience engages the kinesthetic learner and promotes active learning in the online environment. Taking into account the various learning style preferences of students and providing opportunities for self directed and collaborative learning, educators can facilitate rigorous online knowledge exchange geared to achieving identifiable learning outcomes and active learning engagement. The following active learning strategies will be discussed: reality based scenarios, case studies, inquiry based dialogue, gaming and role play. Providing such 'hands on' activities, combined with personal experience provides an environment that allows students to experience high interaction and experimentation with the course materials.
Cognitive Control as a Moderator of Temperamental Motivations Toward Adolescent Risk Taking Behavior.
Venue: Child development

Few studies have directly examined whether cognitive control can moderate the influence of temperamental positive and negative affective traits on adolescent risk taking behavior. Using a combined multimethod, latent variable approach to the assessment of adolescent risk taking behavior and cognitive control, this study examined whether cognitive control moderates the influence of temperamental surgency and frustration on risk taking behavior in a sample of 177 adolescents (Mage 16.12 years, SD 0.69) As predicted, there was a significant interaction between cognitive control and frustration, but not between cognitive control and surgency, in predicting risk taking behavior. These findings have important implications and suggest that the determinants of adolescent risk taking depend on the valence of the affective motivation for risk taking behavior.
Long term follow up and pregnancy after complete sacrectomy with lumbopelvic reconstruction: case report and literature review
Venue: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

BackgroundSacrectomy remains a technically complex procedure for resection of malignant pelvic neoplasia. Commonly, postoperative complications include permanent neurological deficits. Only a few studies have reported the long term functional outcomes of patients who had undergone sacrectomy.Case presentationWe previously reported on the utilization of complete sacrectomy and lumbopelvic reconstruction for the management of primary myofibroblastic sarcoma of the sacrum and ilium in a 15 year old female patient. In this report, we update her postoperative course with an additional 5 years of follow up and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) outcomes. During this time period, she gave birth to two healthy full term babies.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pregnancy after total sacrectomy and lumbopelvic reconstruction. We outline some of the challenges in the obstetrical management of this patient.
Instrumentation and Controls Instruction for Agricultural and Biological Engineering Students

Modern agricultural and biological systems use electronic sensors, instrumentation, and computers for acquisition of scientific data and process control. Instrumentation is used for commercial product development, testing, and for basic research. An instrumentation and controls course for agricultural and biological engineering pre professionals addresses sensors, measurement principles, software, and limitations of such systems with hands on laboratory activities will be discussed. This is a core course for two ABET accredited biological and agricultural engineering degree programs. Students participate and interact in small teams for a course with enrollments of 60 students or more. The course assumes the student to be a junior, senior, or first year graduate student who has completed an introductory electronics course and most core and elective courses. Weekly laboratory activities include bread boarding of basic instrumentation circuits followed by specialty exercises on sensor response times and controls. Two signature laboratories include open channel and pipe flow water flow measurements and an internal combustion engine test exercise. Student teams also develop semester projects which are presented as posters and papers at an annual department open house. Student projects investigate electrocardiograms, temperature and humidity control, human exercise measurements, force, power, and energy consumption, detection and controls using optical sensors, and water quality, using commercially available devices. A summary of student team projects and outcomes for the past offering will be discussed. Student activities are assisted with oscilloscopes, precision power supplies, moderate LabVIEW programming, and multifunction devices. Instructional aides are presented in detailed handouts, materials written by the instructors, and other readily available sources.
EFEITOS DAS TECNICAS MANUAIS DE MOBILIZACAO E MANIPULACAO ARTICULARES DA COLUNA VERTEBRAL

As tecnicas de mobilizacao e manipulacao articulares vem sendo muito estudadas nas ultimas decadas devido sua grande eficacia e ajuda para os tratamentos em terapia manual da coluna vertebral.  Fazer uma analise comparativa dos efeitos entre as duas tecnicas, e verificar se ha superioridade entre elas para o tratamento na coluna. Metodologia: 18 artigos foram selecionados das bases de dados PEDro, Pubmed e Scielo, somente ensaios clinicos controlados e revisoes sistematicas. Foram apresentados atraves de tabelas, discutidos e comparados entre si. Resultados Foram achados 7 artigos com resultados positivos para mobilizacao articular, 5 para manipulacao articular e 6 comparativos entre as duas tecnicas. Entre os estudos comparativos 4 artigos nao possuem diferencas significativas que demonstra superioridade de uma tecnica em relacao a outra, e 2 estudos tiveram resultados positivos para manipulacao articular. Conclusao Os resultados das pesquisas ate o momento, nao sao suficientes para chegar a uma conclusao que indique superioridade de uma das duas tecnicas. Os efeitos das duas tecnicas sao beneficos principalmente a curto prazo no alivio de dores e melhora da mobilidade articular. Palavras Chaves Terapia Manual, Mobilizacao Articular, Manipulacao Articular, Coluna Vertebral.
Development of a brief measure of intimate partner violence experiences: the Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) Short Form (CASR SF)
Venue: BMJ Open

Approaches to measuring intimate partner violence (IPV) in populations often privilege physical violence, with poor assessment of other experiences. This has led to underestimating the scope and impact of IPV. The aim of this study was to develop a brief, reliable and valid self report measure of IPV that adequately captures its complexity.  Mixed methods instrument development and psychometric testing to evolve a brief version of the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS) using secondary data analysis and expert feedback.  Data from 5 Canadian IPV studies; feedback from international IPV experts.  international IPV experts including academic researchers, service providers and policy actors rated CAS items via an online survey. Pooled data from 6278 adult Canadian women were used for scale development. Primary/secondary outcome measures Scale reliability and validity; robustness of subscales assessing different IPV experiences.  A 15 item version of the CAS has been developed (Composite Abuse Scale (Revised) Short Form, CASR SF) including 12 items developed from the original CAS and 3 items suggested through expert consultation and the evolving literature. Items cover 3 abuse domains: physical, sexual and psychological, with questions asked to assess lifetime, recent and current exposure, and abuse frequency. Factor loadings for the final 3 factor solution ranged from 0.81 to 0.91 for the 6 psychological abuse items, 0.63 to 0.92 for the 4 physical abuse items, and 0.85 and 0.93 for the 2 sexual abuse items. Moderate correlations were observed between the CASR SF and measures of depression, post traumatic stress disorder and coercive control. Internal consistency of the CASR SF was 0.942. These reliability and validity estimates were comparable to those obtained for the original 30 item CAS.  The CASR SF is brief self report measure of IPV experiences among women that has demonstrated initial reliability and validity and is suitable for use in population studies or other studies. Additional validation of the 15 item scale with diverse samples is required.
El regimen tributario de los dividendos en Chile como modelo para el analisis del caso colombiano

El presente articulo se centra en el regimen tributario de los dividendos que fue introducido en Chile por medio de la Ley 20.780 de 2014. En primer lugar, se efectuara una descripcion general de los sistemas existentes (Sistema de Renta Atribuida y Sistema de Renta Percibida Parcialmente Integrado) Seguidamente, se explicara lo que ocurrira con el Fondo de Utilidades Tributarias, FUT, que ha existido en Chile por largo tiempo, para luego sentar las consideraciones y aspectos positivos y negativos que se encuentran en dicho regimen. Con lo anterior, se pretende identificar la conveniencia o no de adoptar para Colombia el sistema tributario que Chile propone, o la pertinencia de tomar algunos aspectos que favorezcan la tributacion de los dividendos en Colombia. La metodologia empleada para la elaboracion del presente documento es descriptiva analitica, partiendo de las disposiciones normativas chilenas y de pronunciamientos de la Administracion Tributaria de ese pais, asi como de fuentes academicas existentes al respecto.
Nonlocal sparse model with adaptive structural clustering for feature extraction of aero engine bearings

Fault information of aero engine bearings presents two particular phenomena, i.e. waveform distortion and impulsive feature frequency band dispersion, which leads to a challenging problem for current techniques of bearing fault diagnosis. Moreover, although many progresses of sparse representation theory have been made in feature extraction of fault information, the theory also confronts inevitable performance degradation due to the fact that relatively weak fault information has not sufficiently prominent and sparse representations. Therefore, a novel nonlocal sparse model (coined NLSM) and its algorithm framework has been proposed in this paper, which goes beyond simple sparsity by introducing more intrinsic structures of feature information. This work adequately exploits the underlying prior information that feature information exhibits nonlocal self similarity through clustering similar signal fragments and stacking them together into groups. Within this framework, the prior information is transformed into a regularization term and a sparse optimization problem, which could be solved through block coordinate descent method (BCD) is formulated. Additionally, the adaptive structural clustering sparse dictionary learning technique, which utilizes k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) learning, is adopted to further enable sufficient sparsity of feature information. Moreover, the selection rule of regularization parameter and computational complexity are described in detail. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated through numerical experiment and its superiority with respect to the state of the art method in the field is demonstrated through the vibration signals of experimental rig of aircraft engine bearings.
An ACC Oxidase Gene Essential for Cucumber Carpel Development.
Venue: Molecular plant

Sex determination in plants gives rise to unisexual flowers that facilitate outcrossing and enhance genetic diversity. In cucumber and melon, ethylene promotes carpel development and arrests stamen development. Five sex determination genes have been identified, including four encoding 1 aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylate (ACC) synthase that catalyzes the rate limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis, and a transcription factor gene CmWIP1 that corresponds to the Mendelian locus gynoecious in melon and is a negative regulator of femaleness. ACC oxidase (ACO) converts ACC into ethylene; however, it remains elusive which ACO gene in the cucumber genome is critical for sex determination and how CmWIP1 represses development of female flowers. In this study, we discovered that mutation in an ACO gene, CsACO2, confers androecy in cucumber that bears only male flowers. The mutation disrupts the enzymatic activity of CsACO2, resulting in 50% less ethylene emission from shoot tips. CsACO2 was expressed in the carpel primordia and its expression overlapped with that of CsACS11 in female flowers at key stages for sex determination, presumably providing sufficient ethylene required for proper CsACS2 expression. CmACO3, the ortholog of CsACO2, showed a similar expression pattern in the carpel region, suggesting a conserved function of CsACO2/CmACO3. We demonstrated that CsWIP1, the ortholog of CmWIP1, could directly bind the promoter of CsACO2 and repress its expression. Taken together, we propose a presumably conserved regulatory module consisting of WIP1 transcription factor and ACO controls unisexual flower development in cucumber and melon.
The miR396b of Poncirus trifoliata Functions in Cold Tolerance by Regulating ACC Oxidase Gene Expression and Modulating Ethylene Polyamine Homeostasis.
Venue: Plant cell physiology

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non coding regulatory molecules that play important roles in a variety of biological processes. Although a number of cold responsive miRNAs have been computationally identified, functions and mechanisms of most miRNAs are not well understood. Herein, the function of trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L. Raf. miRNA396b (ptr miR396b) in cold tolerance and its potential regulatory module were investigated. Compared with the wild type (WT) transgenic lemon (Citrus limon) plants overexpressing ptr MIR396b, the precursor of ptr miR396b, displayed enhanced cold tolerance. Ptr miR396b was experimentally confirmed to guide the cleavage of 1 aminocyclopropane 1 carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) The overexpressing lines exhibited a reduction in ACO transcript levels and ethylene content compared with the WT, and the expression pattern of ACO was opposite to that of ptr miR396b in response to cold stress. In addition, the transgenic lines exhibited higher levels of free polyamines and mRNA abundance of polyamine biosynthetic genes than WT plants under cold treatment, consistent with reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the former. Taken together, this study demonstrates that ptr miR396b positively regulates cold tolerance through reducing ACO transcript levels, thereby repressing ethylene synthesis and simultaneously promoting polyamine synthesis, leading to enhanced ROS scavenging. Identification of the ptr miR396b ACO regulatory module provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the reduction of ethylene production under cold.
Activity patterns, time use, and travel of millennials: a generation in transition?

Millennials, defined in this study as those born between 1979 and 2000, became the largest population segment in the United States in 2015. Compared to recent previous generations, they have been found to travel less, own fewer cars, have lower driver's licensure rates, and use alternative modes more. But to what extent will these differences in behaviour persist as millennials move through various phases of the lifecycle? To address this question, this paper presents the results of a longitudinal analysis of the 2003 2013 American Time Use Survey data series. In early adulthood, younger millennials (born 1988 1994) are found to spend significantly more time in home than older millennials (born 1979 1985) which indicates that there are substantial differences in activity time use patterns across generations in early adulthood. Older millennials are, however, showing activity time use patterns similar to their prior generation counterparts as they age, although some differences particularly in time spent as a car driver persist. Millennials appear to exhibit a lag in adopting the activity patterns of predecessor generations due to delayed lifecycle milestones (e.g. completing their education, getting jobs, marrying, and having children) and lingering effects of the economic recession, suggesting that travel demand will resume growth in the future.
Cyberpornography: Time Use, Perceived Addiction, Sexual Functioning, and Sexual Satisfaction
Venue: Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw.

Using pornography through the Internet is now a common activity even if associated sexual outcomes, including sexual satisfaction, are highly variable. The present study tested a two step sequential mediation model whereby cyberpornography time use is related to sexual satisfaction through the association with, in a first step, perceived addiction to cyberpornography (i.e. perceived compulsivity, effort to access, and distress toward pornography) and with, in a second step, sexual functioning problems (i.e. sexual dysfunction, compulsion, and avoidance) These differential associations were also examined across gender using model invariance across men and women. A sample of 832 adults from the community completed self report online questionnaires. Results indicated that 51 percent of women and 90 percent of men reported viewing pornography through the Internet. Path analyses showed indirect complex associations in which cyberpornography time use is associated with sexual dissatisfaction through perceived addiction and sexual functioning problems. These patterns of associations held for both men and women.
Trends in Women's and Men's Time Use, 1965 2012: Back to the Future?

Women's and men's time use is more similar today than it was in the 1960s, when specialization in adult roles was at its peak, but convergence remains stubbornly out of sight. This chapter updates earlier trend studies of time use and finds that recent data confirm the most consistent findings from earlier analyses. The greater similarity of women's and men's time use today is due much more to changes among women than among men. Further, despite declines in women's housework time, the increase in women's childcare time and paid work time has resulted in a gender gap in leisure time. New findings from this analysis reveal the gender gap in leisure is accounted for by men's higher levels of television time.