nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Cap mesenchyme cell swarming during kidney development is influenced by attraction, repulsion, and adhesion to the ureteric tip.
Venue: Developmental biology

Morphogenesis of the mammalian kidney requires reciprocal interactions between two cellular domains at the periphery of the developing organ: the tips of the epithelial ureteric tree and adjacent regions of cap mesenchyme. While the presence of the cap mesenchyme is essential for ureteric branching, how it is specifically maintained at the tips is unclear. Using ex vivo timelapse imaging we show that cells of the cap mesenchyme are highly motile. Individual cap mesenchyme cells move within and between cap domains. They also attach and detach from the ureteric tip across time. Timelapse tracks collected for >800 cells showed evidence that this movement was largely stochastic, with cell autonomous migration influenced by opposing attractive, repulsive and cell adhesion cues. The resulting swarming behaviour maintains a distinct cap mesenchyme domain while facilitating dynamic remodelling in response to underlying changes in the tip.
Detection and prevention of Banana leaf diseases from banana plant using Embeeded Linux board

Agriculture is the strength of Indian economy. Among various plants, Banana is considered to be one of the most valuable plants. The scientific name of banana is Musa Paradisiacal. It has a life span of about 10 12 months. Banana leaf is to be regularly monitored for presence of disease. They are easily affected by viral disease called Banana Streak Virus. The symptom of the banana streak virus will be notice in the leaf of banana, by change in coloration into reddish yellow and this can be observed from fifth month of the plant. This leads to reduction in the growth of the plant as well as rottening of the banana fingers. The detection and prevention of banana streak viral disease is carried out using an Embedded Linux development board interfaced with a camera, which is used to capture the leaf of banana plant. The captured image is to be processed by an algorithm called Economic Threshold Level (ETL) This algorithm is used to set the threshold value of a healthy banana leaf of the captured image. On detecting of banana leaf from the captured image, if the pixel value exceeds the threshold value shows the sign of presence of banana streak virus and the respective recovery methods is to be applied accordingly.
Detection and prevention of Banana leaf diseases from banana plant using Embeeded Linux board
Venue: 2016 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC GET)

Agriculture is the strength of Indian economy. Among various plants, Banana is considered to be one of the most valuable plants. The scientific name of banana is Musa Paradisiacal. It has a life span of about 10 12 months. Banana leaf is to be regularly monitored for presence of disease. They are easily affected by viral disease called Banana Streak Virus. The symptom of the banana streak virus will be notice in the leaf of banana, by change in coloration into reddish yellow and this can be observed from fifth month of the plant. This leads to reduction in the growth of the plant as well as rottening of the banana fingers. The detection and prevention of banana streak viral disease is carried out using an Embedded Linux development board interfaced with a camera, which is used to capture the leaf of banana plant. The captured image is to be processed by an algorithm called Economic Threshold Level (ETL) This algorithm is used to set the threshold value of a healthy banana leaf of the captured image. On detecting of banana leaf from the captured image, if the pixel value exceeds the threshold value shows the sign of presence of banana streak virus and the respective recovery methods is to be applied accordingly.
Global trends and patterns of commercial milk based formula sales: is an unprecedented infant and young child feeding transition underway?
Venue: Public Health Nutrition

The marketing of infant/child milk based formulas (MF) contributes to suboptimal breast feeding and adversely affects child and maternal health outcomes globally. However, little is known about recent changes in MF markets. The present study describes contemporary trends and patterns of MF sales at the global, regional and country levels.  Descriptive statistics of trends and patterns in MF sales volume per infant/child for the years 2008 2013 and projections to 2018, using industry sourced data.  Eighty countries categorized by country income bracket, for developing countries by region, and in countries with the largest infant/child populations. Subjects MF categories included total (for ages 0 36 months) infant (0 6 months) follow up (7 12 months) toddler (13 36 months) and special (0 6 months)  In 2008 2013 world total MF sales grew by 40*8 from 5*5 to 7*8 kg per infant/child/year, a figure predicted to increase to 10*8 kg by 2018. Growth was most rapid in East Asia particularly in China, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam and was led by the infant and follow up formula categories. Sales volume per infant/child was positively associated with country income level although with wide variability between countries.  A global infant and young child feeding (IYCF) transition towards diets higher in MF is underway and is expected to continue apace. The observed increase in MF sales raises serious concern for global child and maternal health, particularly in East Asia, and calls into question the efficacy of current regulatory regimes designed to protect and promote optimal IYCF. The observed changes have not been captured by existing IYCF monitoring systems.
Peer acceptance and friendship in early childhood: the conceptual distinctions between them

This paper reviews previous literature about peer acceptance and friendship, two of the most critical aspects of peer relations that have received most of research attention during the past years. In this review, we will focus on the processes explaining the way children use the ability to socialise with peers; explore the hypothesis that certain aspects may interact with peer acceptance and friendship, that is, behavioural, psychological, and physical; and finally, indicate on which terms peer acceptance and friendship are interconnected. Those data may constitute a concrete base upon which peer acceptance and friendship need to be investigated separately when measuring peer competence. Pedagogical implications will also be highlighted as a guidance for parents, teachers, and others who work with young children to design effective prosocial activities.
Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase versus alteplase in acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized trials
Venue: Archives of medical science AMS

Alteplase and tenecteplase are two widely used thrombolytic agents and are both approved for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. These two molecules have increased fibrin specificity compared with older thrombolytics but distinct pharmacokinetic properties and may differ in terms of risks and benefits. We decided to review the available evidence comparing the safety and efficacy of these two molecules in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or pulmonary embolism (PE)  To compare the efficacy and safety profile of alteplase and tenecteplase, we systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane and Embase for randomized studies comparing weight adjusted alteplase to weight adjusted tenecteplase in patients with ACS or PE. The primary endpoint was the risk of major bleeding, and secondary endpoints were risk of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) vessel recanalization and 30 day mortality.  Three studies including 17,325 patients with ACS were included in a quantitative meta analysis. No study compared alteplase to tenecteplase in acute PE. Tenecteplase was associated with a statistically significant reduction of the risk of major bleeding compared to alteplase (RR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69 0.90, p 0.0002) The risk of intracranial haemorrhage (RR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.71 1.31, p 0.82) and 30 day mortality (RR 1.02; 95% CI: 0.9 1.15) were similar in patients treated with alteplase or tenecteplase. No difference was observed in the rate of vessel recanalization.  The available evidence suggests that tenecteplase is associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding compared to alteplase in ACS without evidence of reduced efficacy. These results are however mainly dependent on a single study.
Random Fourier extreme learning machine with l2, 1 norm regularization
Venue: Neurocomputing

This paper proposes a novel algorithm, termed random Fourier extreme learning machine with 2 1 norm regularization, to improve the robustness and compactness of the widely used extreme learning machine. In specific, we firstly introduce the random Fourier mappings as activation functions to approximate the Gaussian kernel, with the aim to improve the extendibility of the powerful kernel ELM algorithms. We then adopt the 2 1 norm to eliminate the potential irrelevant neurons, resulting in a more compact and discriminative hidden layer. After that, we propose an efficient algorithm with proved convergence to solve the resultant optimization problem. Extensive experiments have been conducted on 30 benchmark data sets to compare the proposed algorithm with six popular extreme learning algorithms. As observed, our algorithm outperforms the enumerated hidden layer reinforcement algorithms. In addition, it significantly improves the computational efficiency of Gaussian kernel extreme learning machine with comparable classification and regression performance in large scale learning scenarios.
Metabolic control of female puberty: potential therapeutic targets
Venue: Expert opinion on therapeutic targets

The onset of puberty in females is highly sensitive to the nutritional status and the amount of energy reserves of the organism. This metabolic information is sensed and transmitted to hypothalamic GnRH neurons, considered to be ultimately responsible for triggering puberty through the coordinated action of different peripheral hormones, central neurotransmitters, and molecular mediators.  This article will review and discuss (i) the relevant actions of the adipose hormone leptin, as a stimulatory/permissive signal, and the gut hormone ghrelin, as an inhibitory factor, in the metabolic control of female puberty; (ii) the crucial role of the hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons, recently emerged as essential gatekeepers of puberty, in transmitting this metabolic information to GnRH neurons; and (iii) the potential involvement of key cellular energy sensors, such as mTOR, as molecular mediators in this setting.  The thorough characterization of the physiological roles of the above elements in the metabolic control of female puberty, along with the discovery of novel factors, pathways, and mechanisms involved, will promote our understanding of the complex networks connecting metabolism and puberty and, ultimately, will aid in the design of target specific treatments for female pubertal disorders linked to conditions of metabolic stress.
Tumor Diagnosis in MRI Brain Image using ACM Segmentation and ANN LM Classification Techniques

Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) is an important medical diagnosis tool for the detection of tumours in brain as it provides the detailed information associated to the anatomical structures of the brain. MRI images help the radiologist to find the presence of abnormal cell growths or tumours. MRI image analysis plays a vital role in diagnosis of brain tumours in the earlier stages and treatment of diseases.  Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient MRI brain image analysis method, where, the MRI brain images are classified into normal, non cancerous (benign) brain tumour and cancerous (malignant) brain tumour. This proposed method follows four steps, 1. Pre processing, 2. Segmentation, 3. Textural and shape feature extraction and 4.  In this proposed MRI image analysis using the region based Active Contour Method (ACM) used for segmentation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm used for classification process, which used to efficiently classify the MRI image as normal and Tumourous.  The results revealed that the proposed MRI brain image tumour diagnosis process is accurate, fast and robust. The classifier based MRI brain image processing approach produced the best MRI brain image classification with use of feature extraction and segmentation results, in terms of accuracy. Best overall classification accuracy results were obtained using the given DioCom Images; The performance results proven that there is not sufficient result given to the classification process when it perform separately. With the use of ACM segmentation and feature extraction approaches, the proposed LM classification approach provides better classification accuracy than the existing approach.  The proposed MRI image based brain tumour analysis would efficiently deal with segmentation and classification process for brain tumour analysis with use of feature extraction methods, so this method can yield the better result of brain tumour diagnosis in advance where this method using in medical fields.
Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
Venue: CCS

It is our pleasure to present the proceedings of the 23rd ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS 2016) held in Vienna, Austria, on October 24 28, 2016. All papers in the proceedings were subject to a rigorous process of peer review. We received 831 fully reviewed submissions, the largest number of submissions received to date by a computer security conference. A Program Committee comprising 141 experts from 20 countries, helped by 360 external reviewers, evaluated these submissions, employing the customary double blind review procedure. The review process had a 16.5% acceptance rate, resulting in 137 papers being accepted to the program, and very broad coverage of the entire security area. The review process was organized in three phases. In the first review round, at least two preliminary reviews were written for each paper. Most papers went on to a second round, during which at least one additional review was solicited. At this point, the authors were given an opportunity to respond to the comments received (in a rebuttal phase) Finally, in the third round, the program committee actively and comprehensively discussed the papers, and, if necessary, requested additional reviews. Within the program committee, a "rebuttal committee" subgroup helped to spur discussion, to ensure that author responses were considered carefully, and to reflect the post review discussion in the feedback to authors. New this year, we relied heavily on the TPMS system for assigning submissions to reviews, and we thank Laurent Charlin for writing this system and for all his help with using it.
False Positives, False Negatives, and False Analyses: A Rejoinder to "Machine Bias: There's Software Used across the Country to Predict Future Criminals. and It's Biased against Blacks"

PROPUBLICA RECENTLY RELEASED a much heralded investigative report claim ing that a risk assessment tool (known as the COMPAS) used in criminal justice is biased against black defendants.12 The report heavily implied that such bias is inherent in all actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) We think ProPublica's report was based on faulty statistics and data analysis, and that the report failed to show that the COMPAS itself is racially biased, let alone that other risk instruments are biased. Not only do ProPublica's results contradict several com prehensive existing studies concluding that actuarial risk can be predicted free of racial
Towards Automated Dynamic Analysis for Linux based Embedded Firmware
Venue: NDSS

Commercial off the shelf (COTS) network enabled embedded devices are usually controlled by vendor firmware to perform integral functions in our daily lives. For example, wireless home routers are often the first and only line of defense that separates a home user's personal computing and information devices from the Internet. Such a vital and privileged position in the user's network requires that these devices operate securely. Unfortunately, recent research and anecdotal evidence suggest that such security assumptions are not at all upheld by the devices deployed around the world. A first step to assess the security of such embedded device firmware is the accurate identification of vulnerabilities. However, the market offers a large variety of these embedded devices, which severely impacts the scalability of existing approaches in this area. In this paper, we present FIRMADYNE, the first automated dynamic analysis system that specifically targets Linuxbased firmware on network connected COTS devices in a scalable manner. We identify a series of challenges inherent to the dynamic analysis of COTS firmware, and discuss how our design decisions address them. At its core, FIRMADYNE relies on software based full system emulation with an instrumented kernel to achieve the scalability necessary to analyze thousands of firmware binaries automatically. We evaluate FIRMADYNE on a real world dataset of 23,035 firmware images across 42 device vendors gathered by our system. Using a sample of 74 exploits on the 9,486 firmware images that our system can successfully extract, we discover that 887 firmware images spanning at least 89 distinct products are vulnerable to one or more of the sampled exploit(s) This includes 14 previouslyunknown vulnerabilities that were discovered with the aid of our framework, which affect 69 firmware images spanning at least 12 distinct products. Furthermore, our results show that 11 of our tested attacks affect firmware images from more than one vendor, suggesting that code sharing and common upstream manufacturers (OEMs) are quite prevalent.  This version has been corrected to eliminate false positives from SNMP exploit data discovered post publication.
Cool Decision Making in Adolescents with Behavior Disorder and/or Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability
Venue: Journal of abnormal child psychology

Adolescents with Behavior Disorders (BD) Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability (MBID) and with both BD and MBID (BD MBID) are known to take more risks than normal controls. To examine the processes underlying this increased risk taking, the present study investigated cool decision making strategies in 479 adolescents (12 18 years, 55.9 male) from these four groups. Cool decision making was assessed with the paper and pencil Gambling Machine Task. This task, in combination with advanced latent group analysis, allows for an assessment of decision strategies. Results indicated that adolescents with BD and controls were almost equivalent in their decision making strategies, whereas adolescents with MBID and adolescents with BD MBID were characterized by suboptimal decision making strategies, with only minor differences between these two clinical groups. These findings may have important clinical implications, as they suggest that risk taking in adolescents with MBID and in adolescents with BD MBID can be (partly) attributed to the strategies that these adolescents use to make their decisions. Interventions may therefore focus on an improvement of these strategies.
Reward related decision making in eating and weight disorders: A systematic review and meta analysis of the evidence from neuropsychological studies
Venue: Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews

Eating disorders (EDs) and overweight/obesity (OW/OB) are serious public health concerns that share common neuropsychological features and patterns of disturbed eating. Reward related decision making as a basic neurocognitive function may trans diagnostically underlie both pathological overeating and restricted eating. The present meta analysis synthesizes the evidence from N=82 neuropsychological studies for altered reward related decision making in all ED subtypes, OW and OB. The overall effect sizes for the differences between currently ill ED patients and OW/OB people and controls were Hedge's g= 0.49 [CI: 0.63; 0.35] and Hedge's g= 0.39 [CI: 0.53; 0.25] respectively. Decision making was found to be altered to similar degrees in all ED subtypes and OB. Effect sizes, however, diverged for the different measures of decision making. Adolescents appear to be less affected than adults. When foods were used as rewarding stimuli, decision making was found to be intact in OB. The findings support that altered general reward related decision making is a salient neuropsychological factor across eating and weight disorders in adulthood.
Synchrotron quantification of ultrasound cavitation and bubble dynamics in Al 10Cu melts.
Venue: Ultrasonics sonochemistry

Knowledge of the kinetics of gas bubble formation and evolution under cavitation conditions in molten alloys is important for the control casting defects such as porosity and dissolved hydrogen. Using in situ synchrotron X ray radiography, we studied the dynamic behaviour of ultrasonic cavitation gas bubbles in a molten Al 10 wt%Cu alloy. The size distribution, average radius and growth rate of cavitation gas bubbles were quantified under an acoustic intensity of 800 W/cm(2) and a maximum acoustic pressure of 4.5 MPa (45 atm) Bubbles exhibited a log normal size distribution with an average radius of 15.3 0.5 mm. Under applied sonication conditions the growth rate of bubble radius, R(t) followed a power law with a form of R(t)=at(b) and a=0.0021 &b=0.89. The observed tendencies were discussed in relation to bubble growth mechanisms of Al alloy melts.
A numerical study of cavitation and bubble dynamics in liquid CO2 near the critical point

This study aims to provide insights into the cavitation and bubble dynamics in liquid CO2 near the critical point. It is inspired by a previous work that reports the absence of dysfunctional behavior during the operation of a test compressor in the two phase region of CO2. First, several characteristic parameters in the literature have suggested that thermal effects have significant impact on the dynamics of a CO2 bubble. These effects lead to the change of vapor pressure inside the bubble, impeding the motion of the bubble interface. As a consequence, the CO2 bubble collapse should feature a slow contraction of the bubble interface and the absence of noticeable pressure rise. In addition, a dynamic model has been proposed to quantitatively study the bubble collapse in liquid CO2 near the critical point. Simulation results have confirmed the qualitative prediction given by characteristic parameters. They have also revealed that the thermal layer inside the bubble has an important contribution to the bubble dynamics, in addition to the one outside the bubble, by altering the rate of phase change at the interface. These predicted results appear to be in line with the aforementioned experimental observations.