nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of thermal comfort zone for early stage broilers

Environmental temperatures currently considered within comfort zone for broiler rearing may be misleading or even obsolete from actual values. Some factors such as animal genetics, nutrition and poultry management, mainly acclimatization to tropical and subtropical conditions, influence in determining the comfort zone for birds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of five different thermal environments on animal welfare and rearing performance of broiler chickens, setting an ideal temperature range (comfort zone) for each of the first three weeks of poultry breeding. The chicks (375) were randomly placed into five climatic chambers set to distinct thermal conditions, being: one as recommended by the literature, another as stated by Cassuce and the other three at different levels of apparent cold stress (mild, moderate and severe) The findings showed that best poultry performance and ideal comfort indices (based on Black Globe Humidity and Temperature Index) were achieved within a temperature range between mild cold and Cassuce comfort temperature, rather than those previously reported in the literature.
A comparison of THI indices leads to a sensible heat based heat stress index for shaded cattle that aligns temperature and humidity stress
Venue: International Journal of Biometeorology

The combined temperature humidity heat stress is estimated in farm animals by indices derived of an index based on human thermal comfort sensation. The latter index consists of temperature and humidity measures that sum to form the temperature humidity index (THI) The hitherto unknown relative contribution of temperature and humidity to the THI was examined. A temperature humidity data set (temperature 20 42 degC and relative humidity 10 70 was used to assess by regression procedures the relative weights of temperature and humidity in the variance of THI values produced by six commonly used heat stress indices. The temperature (Ta) effect was predominant (0.82 0.95 of variance) and humidity accounted for only 0.05 to 0.12 of THI variance, half of the variance encountered in animal responses to variable humidity heat stress. Significant difference in THI values was found between indices in the relative weights of temperature and humidity. As in THI indices, temperature and humidity are expressed in different physical units, their sum has no physical attributes, and empirical evaluations assess THI relation to animal responses. A sensible heat THI was created, in which at higher temperatures humidity reaches 0.25 of sensible heat, similarly to evaporative heat loss span in heat stressed animals. It relates to ambient temperature humidity similarly to present THI; its values are similar to other THI but greater at higher humidity. In warm conditions, mean animal responses are similar in both indices. The higher sensitivity to humidity makes this index preferable for warm humid conditions.
Competition between engrams influences fear memory formation and recall
Venue: Science

How to link and separate memories Engrams are the changes in brain tissue that store single memories. Neuroscientists can localize and manipulate them, but until now, little was known about how multiple engrams interact to influence memories. Rashid et al. examined how neural assemblies in an area called the lateral amygdala interact. If two frightening events occurred within 6 hours, the same set of neurons was used to express fear memories for both events. However, if the events were separated by 24 hours, distinct memory traces were formed. Science, this issue p. 383 Memories are linked or separated via a transient winner takes all competition for recruitment to a memory trace. Collections of cells called engrams are thought to represent memories. Although there has been progress in identifying and manipulating single engrams, little is known about how multiple engrams interact to influence memory. In lateral amygdala (LA) neurons with increased excitability during training outcompete their neighbors for allocation to an engram. We examined whether competition based on neuronal excitability also governs the interaction between engrams. Mice received two distinct fear conditioning events separated by different intervals. LA neuron excitability was optogenetically manipulated and revealed a transient competitive process that integrates memories for events occurring closely in time (coallocating overlapping populations of neurons to both engrams) and separates memories for events occurring at distal times (disallocating nonoverlapping populations to each engram)
Unseen positive and negative affective information influences social perception in bipolar I disorder and healthy adults.
Venue: Journal of affective disorders

Bipolar disorder is fundamentally a disorder of emotion regulation, and associated with explicit processing biases for socially relevant emotional information in human faces. Less is known, however, about whether implicit processing of this type of emotional information directly influences social perception. We thus investigated group related differences in the influence of unconscious emotional processing on conscious person perception judgments using a continuous flash suppression task among 22 individuals with remitted bipolar I disorder (BD; AgeM=30.82, AgeSD=7.04; 68.2% female) compared with 22 healthy adults (CTL; AgeM=20.86, AgeSD=9.91; 72.2% female) Across both groups, participants rated neutral faces as more trustworthy, warm, and competent when paired with unseen happy faces as compared to unseen angry and neutral faces; participants rated neutral faces as less trustworthy, warm, and competent when paired with unseen angry as compared to neutral faces. These findings suggest that emotion related disturbances are not explained by early automatic processing stages, and that activity in the dorsal visual stream underlying implicit emotion processing is intact in bipolar disorder. Implications for understanding the etiology of emotion disturbance in BD are discussed.
The politics of evidence: from evidence based policy to the good governance of evidence

There has been an enormous increase in interest in the use of evidence for public policymaking, but the vast majority of work on the subject has failed to engage with the political nature of decision making and how this influences the ways in which evidence will be used (or misused) within political areas. This book provides new insights into the nature of political bias with regards to evidence and critically considers what an 'improved' use of evidence would look like from a policymaking perspective. Part I describes the great potential for evidence to help achieve social goals, as well as the challenges raised by the political nature of policymaking. It explores the concern of evidence advocates that political interests drive the misuse or manipulation of evidence, as well as counter concerns of critical policy scholars about how appeals to 'evidence based policy' can depoliticise political debates. Both concerns reflect forms of bias the first representing technical bias, whereby evidence use violates principles of scientific best practice, and the second representing issue bias in how appeals to evidence can shift political debates to particular questions or marginalise policy relevant social concerns. Part II then draws on the fields of policy studies and cognitive psychology to understand the origins and mechanisms of both forms of bias in relation to political interests and values. It illustrates how such biases are not only common, but can be much more predictable once we recognise their origins and manifestations in policy arenas. Finally, Part III discusses ways to move forward for those seeking to improve the use of evidence in public policymaking. It explores what constitutes 'good evidence for policy' as well as the 'good use of evidence' within policy processes, and considers how to build evidence advisory institutions that embed key principles of both scientific good practice and democratic representation. Taken as a whole, the approach promoted is termed the 'good governance of evidence' a concept that represents the use of rigorous, systematic and technically valid pieces of evidence within decision making processes that are representative of, and accountable to, populations served.
The 'good governance' of evidence in health policy

Calls for evidence based policy often fail to recognise the fundamentally political nature of policy making. Policy makers must identify, evaluate and utilise evidence to solve policy problems in the face of competing priorities and political agendas. Evidence should inform but cannot determine policy choices. This paper draws on theories of 'good governance' to develop a framework for analysing and evaluating processes of evidence informed policy making. 'Good governance' requires the use of appropriate bodies of high quality evidence to inform policy and promotes decision making processes that are transparent, accountable and open to contestation by the populations they govern.
Selection of Automated Order Picking Systems Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems within Contract Logistics

Increasing demands on contract logistics providers have led to an increasing interest in warehouse automation. Warehouse automation is expected to result in improved efficiency and effectiveness. The warehouse activity typically in focus for automation is order picking as it accounts for the majority of operational costs. The purpose of this study is to provide a guideline for the selection of an automated order picking system. The automated order picking systems in focus of this thesis are eight different automated storage and retrieval systems, which reduce or eliminate the non value adding travelling in the order picking process. The guideline was developed alongside a specific case of an order picking process in a warehouse in Norrkoping operated by Kuehne Nagel AB. In order to achieve the purpose relevant literature is presented, the current order picking process is analysed and a market research of four different suppliers, namely Constructor, Kardex Remstar, Swisslog and Weland Lagersystem, and their respective systems is conducted. The study results in a guideline for the selection of automated storage and retrieval systems and a recommendation towards KN. Factors relevant for the selection of an automated storage and retrieval system are identified and eight different systems are evaluated. The guideline can be transferred and applied to other contexts and can be considered as a valuable tool in the selection of an automated order picking system.
An Accurate and Energy Efficient Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring)

Node location information with high accuracy is very important in many applications of wireless sensor networks. In addition, the nodes are power limited, hence, we need to save energy to guarantee the operations of network. These two metrics positioning accuracy and energy consumption should be balanced, mean that one should improve them both at the same time. In this paper, we model the energy consumption of nodes in the network by using the carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance (CSMA/CS) technique in combination with request to send (RTS)/clear to send (CTS) mechanism based IEEE 802.11 protocol to perform the transmission process of nodes. Otherwise, based on the mathematical model of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation error variance as a function of Received Signal Strength (RSS) we derive the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) of achievable accuracy of the target node that jointly utilizes difference received signal strength (DRSS) and DoA measurements to estimate location as the objective function of positioning error. The Non dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II) optimization algorithm can effectively find the Nash Equilibrium or Pareto optimal solutions of our dual objective optimization problem. The results show a high performance in both localization accuracy and energy consumption of the proposed algorithm.
The Narrative Impact of Active Video Games on Physical Activity Among Children: A Feasibility Study
Venue: Journal of medical Internet research

Active video games (AVGs) capable of inducing physical activity offer an innovative approach to combating childhood obesity. Unfortunately, children's AVG game play decreases quickly, underscoring the need to identify novel methods for player engagement. Narratives have been demonstrated to influence behaviors.  The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a narrative would motivate increased AVG play, though a feasibility study that investigated the motivational effect of adding a previously developed narrative cutscene to an originally nonnarrative AVG, Nintendo Wii Sports Resort: Swordplay Showdown.  A total of 40 overweight and obese 8 to 11 year olds equally divided by sex played the AVG. Half (n=20) were randomly assigned to a narrative group that watched the narrative cutscene before game play. The other half played the game without watching it.  Children in the narrative group had significantly (P<.05) more steps per 10 second period (mean 3.2, SD 0.7) and overall (mean 523, SD 203) during game play compared with the nonnarrative group (10 second period: mean 2.7, SD 0.7; overall: mean 366, SD 172)  The AVG with narrative induced increased physical activity. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which narrative increases physical activity during AVG game play.
Towards a system of customized video game mechanics based on player personality: Relating the Big Five personality traits with difficulty adaptation in a first person shooter game
Venue: Entertain. Comput.

While personality is known to moderate the kind of video games people like to play, the link between personality and game mechanics has not been explored. Finding such a link can enable customizing game mechanics based on personality, potentially making games more enjoyable and suited to a wide range of players. The present work investigated the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and four different implementations of difficulty adaptation, a popular game mechanic, in a first person shooter game. In Study 1, a linear regression model was derived to relate the five personality traits with enjoyment (ENJ) and gameplay duration (DUR) in the four difficulty adaptations. In Study 2, this regression model was used to construct a predictor that chose a difficulty adaptation which maximized ENJ and DUR based on player personality. The predictor was tested against dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) which matched difficulty to user performance. ENJ and DUR were significantly higher in the prediction group than the DDA group. The present work highlights the importance of difficulty adaptation as a game mechanic, and suggests that personality could also be related to other game mechanics. Accordingly, a framework for personality based game mechanics customization is proposed to foster future research.
THz emission from organic cocrystalline salt: 2, 6 diaminopyridinium 4 nitrophenolate 4 nitrophenol.
Venue: Optics express

We report few cycle THz pulses emission from a novel organic crystal 2,6 diaminopyridinium 4 nitrophenolate 4 nitrophenol (DAP+NP NP) The observed amplitude of the THz electric field from a DAP+NP NP crystal is comparable with that from a ZnTe single crystal under the same optical pumping conditions. Both the waveform and spectra of the THz radiation from DAP+NP NP are similar to those from ZnTe. We conclude that a high quality DAP+NP NP crystal would be a high potential candidate in THz generation and applications.
Rerum Novarum: New Things and Recent Paradigms of Property Law

The two most recent paradigmatic moments in the development of property law were the construction of "social property" about a hundred years ago and of "international property" quite recently. This study analyses two important texts as illustrations of these changes: Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891) and John Sprankling's book The International Law of Property (2014) Each text signals a paradigm shift in our understanding of property.
Treatment of pigmentary disorders in patients with skin of color with a novel 755 nm picosecond, Q switched ruby, and Q switched Nd:YAG nanosecond lasers: A retrospective photographic review
Venue: Lasers in surgery and medicine

Laser procedures in skin of color (SOC) patients are challenging due to the increased risk of dyspigmentation and scarring. A novel 755 nm alexandrite picosecond laser has demonstrated effectiveness for tattoo removal and treatment of acne scars. No studies to date have evaluated its applications in pigmentary disorders. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of the picosecond alexandrite laser compared to the current standard treatment, Q switched ruby and neodynium (Nd):YAG nanosecond lasers, for pigmentary disorders in SOC patients.
Fluorescent cooling of objects exposed to sunlight The ruby example

Particularly in hot climates, various pigments are used to formulate desired non white colors that stay cooler in the sun than alternatives. These cool pigments provide a high near infrared (NIR) reflectance in the solar infrared range of 700 2500 nm, and also a color specified by a reflectance spectrum in the 400 700 nm visible range. Still cooler materials can be formulated by also utilizing the phenomenon of fluorescence (photoluminescence) Ruby, Al2O3:Cr, is a prime example, with efficient emission in the deep red ~694 nm) and near infrared (700 800 nm) A layer of synthetic ruby crystals on a white surface having an attractive red color can remain cooler in the sun than conventional red materials. Ruby particles can also be used as a red/pink pigment. Increasing the Cr:Al ratio produces a stronger (darker) pigment but doping above ~3 wt% Cr2O3 causes concentration quenching of the fluorescence. The system quantum efficiency for lightly doped ruby pigmented coatings over white is high, 0.83+ 0.10.
Deconstructing field induced ketene isomerization through Lagrangian descriptors.
Venue: Physical chemistry chemical physics PCCP

The time dependent geometrical separatrices governing state transitions in field induced ketene isomerization are constructed using the method of Lagrangian descriptors. We obtain the stable and unstable manifolds of time varying transition states as dynamic phase space objects governing configurational changes when the ketene molecule is subjected to an oscillating electric field. The dynamics of the isomerization reaction are modeled through classical trajectory studies on the Gezelter Miller potential energy surface and an approximate dipole moment model which is coupled to a time dependent electric field. We obtain a representation of the reaction geometry, over varying field strengths and oscillation frequencies, by partitioning an initial phase space into basins labeled according to which product state is reached at a given time. The borders between these basins are in agreement with those obtained using Lagrangian descriptors, even in regimes exhibiting chaotic dynamics. Major outcomes of this work are: validation and extension of a transition state theory framework built from Lagrangian descriptors, elaboration of the applicability for this theory to periodically and aperiodically driven molecular systems, and prediction of regimes in which isomerization of ketene and its derivatives may be controlled using an external field.
Uncovering the Geometry of Barrierless Reactions Using Lagrangian Descriptors.
Venue: The journal of physical chemistry. B

Transition state theories describing barrierless chemical reactions, or more general activated problems, are often hampered by the lack of a saddle around which the dividing surface can be constructed. For example, the time dependent transition state trajectory uncovering the nonrecrossing dividing surface in thermal reactions in the framework of the Langevin equation has relied on perturbative approaches in the vicinity of the saddle. We recently obtained an alternative approach using Lagrangian descriptors to construct time dependent and recrossing free dividing surfaces. This is a nonperturbative approach making no reference to a putative saddle. Here we show how the Lagrangian descriptor can be used to obtain the transition state geometry of a dissipated and thermalized reaction across barrierless potentials. We illustrate the method in the case of a 1D Brownian motion for both barrierless and step potentials; however, the method is not restricted and can be directly applied to different kinds of potentials and higher dimensional systems.
Writing up Quantitative Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Teaching Writing series publishes user friendly writing guides penned by authors with publishing records in their subject matter. Infused with multidisciplinary examples, humor, and a healthy dose of irreverence, Fallon helps emerging researchers successfully navigate the intellectual and emotional challenges of writing quantitative research reports. After reinforcing foundations in methodology, statistics, and writing in the first section of the book, emerging researchers work through a series of questions to construct their research report. The final section contains sample papers generated by undergraduates illustrating three major forms of quantitative research primary data collection, secondary data analysis, and content analysis. Writing up Quantitative Research in the Social and Behavioral Sciences is appropriate for research methods classes in communication, criminology or criminal justice, economics, education, political science, psychological science, social work, and sociology. Individual students and novice researchers can also read the book as a supplement to any course or research experience that requires writing up quantitative data.
Near peer education: a novel teaching program
Venue: International journal of medical education

This study aims to: 1) Evaluate whether a near peer program improves perceived OSCE performance; 2) Identify factors motivating students to teach; 3) Evaluate role of near peer teaching in medical education.  A near peer OSCE teaching program was implemented at Monash University's Peninsula Clinical School over the 2013 academic year. Forty 3rd year and thirty final year medical students were recruited as near peer learners and educators, respectively. A post program questionnaire was completed by learners prior to summative OSCEs (n=31) followed by post OSCE focus groups (n=10) Near peer teachers were interviewed at the program's conclusion (n=10) Qualitative data was analysed for emerging themes to assess the perceived value of the program.  Learners felt peer led teaching was more relevant to assessment, at an appropriate level of difficulty and delivered in a less threatening environment than other methods of teaching. They valued consistent practice and felt confident approaching their summative OSCEs. Educators enjoyed the opportunity to develop their teaching skills, citing mutual benefit and gratitude to past peer educators as strong motivators to teach others.  Near peer education, valued by near peer learners and teachers alike, was a useful method to improve preparation and perceived performance in summative examinations. In particular, a novel year long, student run initiative was regarded as a valuable and feasible adjunct to faculty teaching.