nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An unstable truth: how massive stars get their mass

The pressure exerted by massive stars' radiation fields is an important mechanism regulating their formation. Detailed simulation of massive star formation therefore requires an accurate treatment of radiation. However, all published simulations have either used a diffusion approximation of limited validity; have only been able to simulate a single star fixed in space, thereby suppressing potentially important instabilities; or did not provide adequate resolution at locations where instabilities may develop. To remedy this we have developed a new, highly accurate radiation algorithm that properly treats the absorption of the direct radiation field from stars and the re emission and processing by interstellar dust. We use our new tool to perform three dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the collapse of massive pre stellar cores with laminar and turbulent initial conditions and properly resolve regions where we expect instabilities to grow. We find that mass is channeled to the stellar system via gravitational and Rayleigh Taylor (RT) instabilities, in agreement with previous results using stars capable of moving, but in disagreement with methods where the star is held fixed or with simulations that do not adequately resolve the development of RT instabilities. For laminar initial conditions, proper treatment of the direct radiation field produces later onset of instability, but does not suppress it entirely provided the edges of radiation dominated bubbles are adequately resolved. Instabilities arise immediately for turbulent pre stellar cores because the initial turbulence seeds the instabilities. Our results suggest that RT features are significant and should be present around accreting massive stars throughout their formation.
Computational analysis of erosion in a radial inflow steam turbine

In the present work, the erosion of the blades of a radial inflow turbine due to the ingested steam flow containing solid particles was investigated in detail. The study has been conducted by designing and modeling the 3D geometry of the turbine using the CFturbo tool and by carrying out a series of CFD simulations using the software package ANSYS CFX 15.0. As compressibility effects may affect the output results, a study was conducted to ensure the validity of the incompressible flow assumption. Furthermore, the erosion simulation results indicated that there are three main surface areas where significant erosion occurs. The first and by far the most affected part of the studied radial steam turbine is the trailing edge of the stator blade, where a relatively huge number of particles with sharp angles strike the surface. This surface area is found to be affected by a concentration effect, where a high number of particles impinge on a small surface area continuously. The second but less affected part is the leading edge of the suction side of the rotor blade, where the particles strike the blade surface many times. The particles are trapped in a vortex area between the trailing edge of the stator blades and the leading edge of the rotor blades. The third surface area which is eroded significantly is the central region of the pressure side of the rotor blade. However, the blade erosion in this area is less than the other two areas. Additionally, the effects of several factors such as the rotor rotational speed, input mass flow and particle size on the erosion have been studied in detail. The relations between these factors and the erosion rate density have been determined.
Assessing the Awareness and Usage of Quality Control Tools with Emphasis to Statistical Process Control (SPC) in Ethiopian Manufacturing Industries

The present work was devoted to assess the awareness and usage of quality control tools with the emphasis on statistical process control in Ethiopian manufacturing industries. Semi structured questionnaire has been employed to executive and technical managers of manufacturing industries of various size and specialism across the country. Stratified random sample method by region was used to select sample industries for the study. The samples used for this study are industries mainly from Oromiya, Addis Ababa, Tigray, Amara, SNNP and Diredawa regions proportional to their size of the available industries.  Exploratory method and descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Available documents and reports related to quality control policy of the selected companies were investigated.  The number of manufacturing industries involved in this study was 44. Of the sampled manufacturing industries about 60% are from Oromiya and Addis Ababa regions. It has been reported that 100% of the respondents said that the importance of quality control tools is very important to their organizations' productivity and quality improvement  Quality control professionals were also asked the extent to which quality control system is working in their industry and majority of the respondents (45% have indicated that quality control system is working to some extent in their respective industries   Most of the quality department of the industries did not fully recognize the importance of statistical process control as quality control tools. This is mainly due to lack of awareness and motivation of the top managements, shortage of man power in the area, and others together would make it difficult to apply quality control tools in their organization. In general, the industries in Ethiopia are deficient in vigor and found to be stagnant hence less exposed to a highly competitive market and don't adopt the latest quality control techniques in order to gain knowledge about systems to improve quality and operational performance. We conclude that quality management system has to be established as an independent entity with a real power and hence the quality control department which is responsible for quality can make an irreversible decision with respect to quality of any given product. Moreover, the concerned bodies (government and ministry of industries) should give attention and work together with universities to ensure how these statistical process control techniques could be incorporated in a curriculum of the universities at higher levels in degree and masters programs. Furthermore, different trainings which could improve quality and efficiency of their respective management system should be given as short and long term to the employees including top and middle managers found in various industries relevant to their process.
Expression of the MHC Class II Pathway in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Cells Is Associated with a Good Prognosis and Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Venue: Cancer Immunology Research

The MHC II pathway is usually turned off in tumor cells. Expression in triple negative breast tumors was correlated with antitumor responses and reduced relapse risk. MHC II expression may predict good prognosis, and inducing it may have therapeutic benefits. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype with heterogeneous patient outcomes. Approximately 40% of patients experience rapid relapse, while the remaining patients have long term disease free survival. To determine if there are molecular differences between primary tumors that predict prognosis, we performed RNA seq on 47 macrodissected tumors from newly diagnosed patients with TNBC (n 47; 22 relapse, 25 no relapse; follow up median, 8 years; range, 2 11 years) We discovered that expression of the MHC class II (MHC II) antigen presentation pathway in tumor tissue was the most significant pathway associated with progression free survival (HR, 0.36; log rank P 0.0098) The association between MHC II pathway expression and good prognosis was confirmed in a public gene expression database of 199 TNBC cases (HR, 0.28; log rank P 4.5 x 10 8) Further analysis of immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissected tumors, and TNBC cell lines demonstrated that tumor cells, in addition to immune cells, aberrantly express the MHC II pathway. MHC II pathway expression was also associated with B cell and T cell infiltration in the tumor. Together, these data support the model that aberrant expression of the MHC II pathway in TNBC tumor cells may trigger an antitumor immune response that reduces the rate of relapse and enhances progression free survival.  (c)2016 AACR.
The horizontal motion of a water layer during the passage of tsunami waves based on data from a dense ocean floor network of deepwater sea level stations

A method for the retrieval the horizontal motion of a water layer during the passage of a tsunami wave is proposed based on the data from a dense network of sea level deepwater stations. The method is applied for calculation of the horizontal velocity of the flow and displacement of water particles in the vicinity of the DONET/JAMSTEC observatories during the passage the 2011 Tohoku tsunami. It was found that the amplitude of the flow speed was ~0.01 m/s, while the amplitude of the displacement exceeded 10 m.
Methane storage in nanoporous material at supercritical temperature over a wide range of pressures
Venue: Scientific reports

The methane storage behavior in nanoporous material is significantly different from that of a bulk phase, and has a fundamental role in methane extraction from shale and its storage for vehicular applications. Here we show that the behavior and mechanisms of the methane storage are mainly dominated by the ratio of the interaction between methane molecules and nanopores walls to the methane intermolecular interaction, and a geometric constraint. By linking the macroscopic properties of the methane storage to the microscopic properties of a system of methane molecules nanopores walls, we develop an equation of state for methane at supercritical temperature over a wide range of pressures. Molecular dynamic simulation data demonstrates that this equation is able to relate very well the methane storage behavior with each of the key physical parameters, including a pore size and shape and wall chemistry and roughness. Moreover, this equation only requires one fitted parameter, and is simple, reliable and powerful in application.
Nanoporous hard carbon microspheres as anode active material of lithium ion battery

Nanoporous hard carbon microspheres (NHCSs) were prepared by combination of microemulsion and polymerization methods and using phenolic resin (resol) as precursor and ethanol and ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent and soft template, respectively, followed by carbonization process. Using different amounts of EG resulted in NHCSs with different crystalline structure, surface area and pore volumes, and Li ion storage capacity, as evidenced by physical and electrochemical measurements. Higher and lower polymerization rates were also tested on the starting resol solution with composition which led to the NHCS with the highest surface area and Li ion storage capacity. The sample polymerized at higher rate had the highest surface area and pore volume, as well as the best Li ion storage performance in terms of capacity and rate capability. for all of the NHCSs, the specific surface area and Li ion storage capacity were well correlated, and a good correlation was observed between total pore volume and rate capability. Furthermore, acceptable correlations were found between Li ion storage capacity and either surface area or microstructure of the NHCSs.
Nanoporous TiO2/Co3O4 Composite as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Nanoporous (NP) TiO 2 /Co 3 O 4 composite is straightforwardly fabricated by dealloying the well designed TiCoAl ternary alloy in mild condition without external oxidation procedures. Upon etching the TiCoAl alloy the Ti and Co atoms undergo the spontaneous oxidation to form the TiO 2 /Co 3 O 4 composite characterized by uniform nanoporous architecture with the pore size mainly distributed around 50 nm. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the NP TiO 2 /Co 3 O 4 composite has superior lithium storage performance as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) compared with the pure NP TiO 2 Especially, the NP TiO 2 /Co 3 O 4 composite exhibits enhanced specific capacity, superior cycling stability for 500 cycles, and higher rate capability than pure NP TiO 2 The interconnected network backbone and rich porosity in NP TiO 2 /Co 3 O 4 composite effectively buffers the volume change as well facilitates the diffusion of Li while the combination of Co 3 O 4 is favorable for improving the capacity of the TiO 2 sample.
Engineering on chip nanoporous gold material libraries via precision photothermal treatment.
Venue: Nanoscale

Libraries of nanostructured materials on a single chip are a promising platform for high throughput and combinatorial studies of structure property relationships in the fields of physics and biology. Nanoporous gold (np Au) produced by an alloy corrosion process, is a nanostructured material specifically suited for such studies because of its self similar thermally induced coarsening behavior. However, traditional heat application techniques for the modification of np Au are bulk processes that cannot be used to generate a library of different pore sizes on a single chip. Here, laser micro processing offers an attractive solution to this problem by providing a means to apply energy with high spatial and temporal resolution. In the present study we use finite element multiphysics simulations to predict the effects of laser mode (continuous wave vs. pulsed) and thermal conductivity of the supporting substrate on the local np Au film temperatures during photothermal annealing. Based on these results we discuss the mechanisms by which the np Au network is coarsened. Thermal transport simulations predict that continuous wave mode laser irradiation of np Au thin films on a silicon substrate supports the widest range of morphologies that can be created through photothermal annealing of np Au. Using the guidance provided by simulations, we successfully fabricate an on chip material library consisting of 81 np Au samples of 9 different morphologies for use in the parallel study of structure property relationships.
The eidos of urban form: a framework for heritage based place making

Despite the efforts of preservationists, numerous decaying heritage structures dot the urban landscape. Simultaneously, new development in historic areas has received much debate. Applying Plato's theory of Forms, this research highlights contributions of the historic built environment to place making, offering a new theoretical framework based on the study of eidetic imagery. The root word for eidetic is eidos, the foundation of Plato's theory. This paper traces the connotational evolution of the term eidos, applies these meanings to place research and case sites, and presents a new framework for heritage based place making based on these meanings. Two salient factors are suggested moving forward: (1) the regeneration of non productive heritage structures; and (2) utilizing the shared characteristics in the local and regional historic environment for design and planning of new development. While the case sites are international, the contextualization of the problem is primarily US oriented.
THE THREE LEVELS OF AUTHENTICITY IN HERITAGE CONSERVATION BASED URBAN REGENERATION: Recasting the conservation of tokyo station marunouchi building@@Dong Jing Yi Wan noNei Yi Yadoru woShi Li toshite

This paper looks into an example of heritage conservation based urban regeneration the Tokyo Station Marunouchi Building in order to examine how authenticity in contemporary urban place making is molded. As an integrated framework, it explores the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity and adopts its authenticity conditions (form design, materials substance, use function, tradition techniques, location setting, and spirit feeling) to develop an analytical framework. It then identifies the force of socio economic and political considerations that led to the place shaping, and heritagization of Tokyo Station and determined its conservation rationale. Using the created analytical framework, the work then investigates how authenticity is molded out of heritage conservation based urban regeneration.
The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Reducing Symptoms of Emotional Breakdown

Breakdown in emotional relationships increased the possibility of mental health problems for people. Love Trauma Syndrome is a painful experience that occurs after the collapse of a romantic relationship and disturbed individual's performance in multiple areas. Schema Therapy is an integrated approach that can help reduce the symptoms of emotional breakdown in people. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on alleviates symptoms of emotional breakdown. This was a Single subject study. The study subjects were three women of college students who studied in different universities in Tehran and refer to college counseling centers to release of their emotional breakdown symptoms. the samples were selected by Purposeful sampling method to take part in16 individual sessions of schema therapy. Variables measured at 3 main stages of experiment processincluding3 measures as baselines, four measures during therapy sessions and3measures as follow up, by Dehghani's Love Trauma Syndrome questionnaire (1389) In addition, in pretreatment stage the participants were completed love trauma Rossee questionnaire (1999) and millon 3questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the graph changes, clinical significance, and the index of improvement percentage. The findings showed that schema therapy have been effective in reducing symptoms of emotional breakdown. As a result, this intervention can be effective in reducing symptoms of emotional breakdown.
Polyphenol interaction with food carbohydrates and consequences on availability of dietary glucose

Polyphenols are known to indirectly influence glucose metabolism, for example, via inhibition of digestive enzymes. Less clear is whether polyphenols can complex with, and directly reduce carbohydrate digestion. This is relevant because it can provide a practical mechanism to reduce caloric load of foods. Direct interaction of carbohydrates with monomeric polyphenols appears to have little practical consequence on glucose availability. Recent evidence supports strong and specific polymeric polyphenols (tannins, especially with MW 1000) interaction with carbohydrate polymers via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. For example, amylose component of starch forms non digestible complexes with tannins. This is interesting because starch is the primary dietary source of glucose. Thus research efforts in this area should focus on optimizing and uncovering consequences of starch tannin interactions.
Social sciences as imperialism: analysis of the global economic crisis of 2008 and development gaps in The Third World States

Every theory is meant to satisfy a purpose. This is germane in social sciences where globalised theories are, in most cases environmentally determined. Theorists in social sciences in their attempts to globalise their paradigms and models usually underplay the impacts of culture, religion and political differences. In their bid to quantify behavioural sciences, some of the variables they usually hold constant contributed to economic crisis; forgetting that human behaviour is beyond mathematical calculation. Undemocratic application of globalisation concept as emanated in the undemocratic principles of voting, lack of transparency and accountability, as well as poor/underrepresentation of less developed states in various international (financial) organisations violates the basic tenets of democratic rights, global social justice and international sovereign equality. The same impacted on plethora of theories in social sciences only meant to maintain the current status quo despite their crises as shown in the 2008 economic implosion.
Mathematics, Culture, and Authority

This article deals with the interaction between mathematics instruction on the one hand and established cultural patterns of belief, thinking and behaviour on the other hand, especially in Third World countries. The article points to the importance of culture in influencing the way people see things and understand concepts, and to the importance of using cultural and societal sources and personal experiences in making the teaching of mathematics more effective and more meaningful, as well as to the ways in which mathematics can be used to deal with some drawbacks in one' s own culture and society. In addition, the article points out the conflict that usually arises between existing authorities and the teaching of mathematics when the latter is taught in such a way as to enhance critical thinking, self expression, and cultural and social awareness. The region under consideration is the West Bank of Jordan (Eastern Palestine) where I spent my school years and over fifteen years as a mathematics teacher and educator.
Diseno de un Algoritmo MAC para la Asignacion Equitativa de Espectro en Redes Inalambricas de Radio Cognitiva

En este proyecto, se presenta una propuesta de un algoritmo de capa MAC para la fase de comparticion de espectro o "spectrum sharing" que busca permitir el acceso de la manera mas justa posible a los usuarios secundarios sin dejar de lado la busqueda del maximo aprovechamiento de las bandas libres, ademas se introdujo una medida de justicia cuantificable para poder medir el desempeno del sistema, se utilizaron dos tecnicas (ANFIS y FAHP) para la clasificacion de usuarios secundarios al momento de asignarles canales y se compararon los resultados de cada tecnica frente a la otra y frente a un algoritmo de asignacion de canales que no realiza clasificacion alguna. Se implemento una simulacion de los algoritmos en Matlab suponiendo que las demas fases del esquema CR (sensado de espectro, caracterizacion de UP, decision especral y movilidad espectral) funcionan perfectamente con el fin de que errores en dichas fases no afectaran en la evaluacion del algoritmo.
Effect of pectin and hemicellulose removal from hemp fibres on the mechanical properties of unidirectional hemp/epoxy composites

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pectin and hemicellulose removal from hemp fibres on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre/epoxy composites. Pectin removal by EDTA and endo polygalacturonase (EPG) removed epidermal and parenchyma cells from hemp fibres and improved fibre separation. Hemicellulose removal by NaOH further improved fibre surface cleanliness. Removal of epidermal and parenchyma cells combined with improved fibre separation decreased composite porosity factor. As a result, pectin removal increased composite stiffness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) Hemicellulose removal increased composite stiffness, but decreased composite UTS due to removal of xyloglucans. In comparison of all fibre treatments, composites with 0.5% EDTA 0.2% EPG treated fibres had the highest tensile strength of 327 MPa at fibre volume content of 50% Composites with 0.5% EDTA 0.2% EPG 10% NaOH treated fibres had the highest stiffness of 43 GPa and the lowest porosity factor of 0.04.