nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Recasts and Prompts on Second Language Pronunciation Development: Teaching English /r/ to Korean Adult EFL Learners

The current study aimed to test how two different types of corrective feedback recasts and prompts can differentially affect the pronunciation development of English /r/ by Korean learners in the context of simulated meaning oriented classrooms receiving form focused instruction (FFI) Twenty two Korean learners of English as a foreign language were divided into three groups (FFI only, FFI recasts, FFI prompts) Each group received four hours of instruction in which they were taught how to structure an argument in English through activities designed to simultaneously focus their attention on /r/ including explicit articulatory instruction. All lessons were video recorded, which allowed all instances of feedback and learner response to be identified and coded. Production was measured through both spontaneous and controlled tests, and judged by five trained English native speaking listeners. According to the results of the pre/post tests, recasts were especially helpful in the improvement of controlled production of /r/ whereas prompts were facilitative of not only controlled but also spontaneous production of /r/ The results of the video coding analysis further demonstrated that, during instruction, students were pushed by prompts to improve intelligibility mainly through the adjustment of interlanguage strategies (e.g. prolonging the phonemic length) and by recasts to refine accuracy in their /r/ production.
The death of the Job plot, transparency, open science and online tools, uncertainty estimation methods and other developments in supramolecular chemistry data analysis.
Venue: Chemical communications

Data analysis is central to understanding phenomena in host guest chemistry. We describe here recent developments in this field starting with the revelation that the popular Job plot method is inappropriate for most problems in host guest chemistry and that the focus should instead be on systematically fitting data and testing all reasonable binding models. We then discuss approaches for estimating uncertainties in binding studies using case studies and simulations to highlight key issues. Related to this is the need for ready access to data and transparency in the methodology or software used, and we demonstrate an example a webportal that aims to address this issue. We conclude with a list of best practice protocols for data analysis in supramolecular chemistry that could easily be translated to other related problems in chemistry including measuring rate constants or drug IC50 values.
Exact pattern matching: Adapting the Boyer Moore algorithm for DNA searches
Venue: PeerJ Prepr.

Exact pattern matching aims to locate all occurrences of a pattern in a text. Many algorithms have been proposed, but two algorithms, the Knuth Morris Pratt (KMP) and the Boyer Moore (BM) are most widespread. It is the basis of some approximate string matching algorithms like BLAST, and in many cases it is desirable to locate an exact rather than approximate matches. Although several studies included measures with small alphabets, none of them specifically designed an algorithm to target nucleotide sequences. Since there are also no application programming interfaces available for pattern matching in nucleotide sequences, these two issues were aimed to be resolved. A portion of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genome (30 mega bases) was searched with queries ranging from 10 to 2000 nucleotides and an alternating number of matches between one and 25000. The results indicate that the use of two of the algorithms developed in this study is sufficient to efficiently cover the complete search space as presented in the experiment conducted here. Thus the aim of implementing an algorithm specifically targeting pattern matching in nucleotide sequences and making it available to the general public as an advanced programming interface was achieved. All algorithms are freely available at: http:/bioinformatics.iyte.edu.tr/supplements/peerj/ PeerJ PrePrints https:/doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1758v1 CC BY 4.0 Open Access rec: 19 Feb 2016, publ: 19 Feb 2016
World Cancer Report 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO Press, 2015.
Venue: Advances in nutrition

Genesis of the Report Compiled by the WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) edited by Bernard W Stewart (University of New South Wales, Australia) and Christopher P Wild (IARC director) and released in 2015, the World Cancer Report 2014 represents the most recent volume in a series that began in 2003, when 5.3 million men and 4.7 million women were estimated to develop a malignant tumor annually and 6.2 million would die from the disease. In 2014, when this most recent (third) volume was written, ;14.1 million people were expected to develop cancer annually, and the global burden had clearly shifted from mainly being a disease of affluence to one that cut across all socioeconomic levels. Indeed, like the dual burden of simultaneous underand overnutrition so common in societies experiencing the nutrition transition, many developing countries now find themselves in the tight grip of cancers from 2 seemingly disparate worlds: poverty and plenty. In response, the goal of theWorld Cancer Report 2014 was to present a timely update on the state of knowledge related to cancer statistics, causes, and mechanisms and how this knowledge might be used for cancer prevention and early detection. To do this, .250 world experts were tapped to contribute to 1 or more of the 6 chapters, 7 personal perspectives, and 9 pieces in the Report describing "control experiences" related to cancer in one way or another. The chapters and pages scattered throughout the Report that specifically refer to dietary factors that may (or may not) be linked to increased or decreased cancer risk are summarized herein. Note that this is not meant to provide a detailed account of these sections but instead to draw the reader's attention to their existence and overall conclusions.
Data mining Twitter for cancer, diabetes, and asthma insights

Chulis, Kimberly Ph.D. Purdue University, August 2016.  Mining Twitter for Cancer, Diabetes, and Asthma Insights. Major Professor: Dr. Richard Feinberg Twitter may be a data resource to support healthcare research. Literature is still limited related to the potential of Twitter data as it relates to healthcare. The purpose of this study was to contrast the processes by which a large collection of unstructured disease related tweets could be converted into structured data to be further analyzed. This was done with the objective of gaining insights into the content and behavioral patterns associated with disease specific communications on Twitter. Twelve months of Twitter data related to cancer, diabetes, and asthma were collected to form a baseline dataset containing over 34 million tweets. As Twitter data in its raw form would have been difficult to manage, three separate data reduction methods were contrasted to identify a method to generate analysis files, maximizing classification precision and data retention. Each of the disease files were then run through a CHAID (chi square automatic interaction detector) analysis to demonstrate how user behavior insights vary by disease. Chi square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) was a technique created by Gordon V. Kass in 1980. CHAID is a tool used to discover the relationship between variables. This study followed the standard CRISP DM data mining approach and demonstrates how the practice of mining Twitter data fits into this six stage iterative framework. The study produced
The Global Transformation: History, Modernity and the Making of International Relations
Venue: Perspectives on Politics

The 'long nineteenth century' (1776 1914) was a period of political, economic, military and cultural revolutions that re forged both domestic and international societies. Neither existing international histories nor international relations texts sufficiently register the scale and impact of this 'global transformation' yet it is the consequences of these multiple revolutions that provide the material and ideational foundations of modern international relations. Global modernity reconstituted the mode of power that underpinned international order and opened a power gap between those who harnessed the revolutions of modernity and those who were denied access to them. This gap dominated international relations for two centuries and is only now being closed. By taking the global transformation as the starting point for international relations, this book repositions the roots of the discipline and establishes a new way of both understanding and teaching the relationship between world history and international relations.
International Relations in the prison of Political Science

In recent decades, the discipline of International Relations (IR) has experienced both dramatic institutional growth and unprecedented intellectual enrichment. And yet, unlike neighbouring disciplines such as Geography, Sociology, History and Comparative Literature, it has still not generated any 'big ideas' that have impacted across the human sciences. Why is this? And what can be done about it? This article provides an answer in three steps. First, it traces the problem to IR's enduring definition as a subfield of Political Science. Second, it argues that IR should be re grounded in its own disciplinary problematique: the consequences of (societal) multiplicity. And finally, it shows how this re grounding unlocks the transdisciplinary potential of IR. Specifically, 'uneven and combined development' provides an example of an IR 'big idea' that could travel to other disciplines: for by operationalizing the consequences of multiplicity, it reveals the causal and constitutive significance of 'the international' for the social world as a whole.
Poverty indicators and mental health functioning among adults living with HIV in Delhi, India
Venue: AIDS care

Poor mental health functioning among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) has gained considerable attention particularly in low income countries that disproportionately carry the global HIV/AIDS burden. Fewer studies, however, have examined the relationship between poverty indicators and mental health among PHLIV in India. Based on this cross sectional study of 196 HIV seropositive adults who received medical services at Shalom AIDS Project in Delhi, India, structural equation modeling and mediation analysis were employed to estimate the associations between poverty indices (household asset index, food security, unemployment, water treatment, sanitation) HIV health factors (illness in the past 3 months, co morbid medical conditions) and psychological distress. In the final model, ownership of fewer household assets was associated with higher levels of food insecurity, which in turn was associated with higher psychological distress. Also, the household asset index, food insecurity, and unemployment had a larger effect on psychological distress than new opportunistic infections. These findings build on increasing evidence that support concerted efforts to design, evaluate, and refine HIV mental health interventions that are mainstreamed with livelihood programming in high poverty regions in India.
TERAPI BIRTH BALL BERPENGARUH TERHADAP LAMA KALA II DAN INTENSITAS NYERI PERSALINAN PADA IBU BERSALIN PRIMIGRAVIDA DI RB KASIH IBU YOGYAKARTA

Latar Belakang: Persalinan dan kelahiran merupakan proses fisiologis yang harus dialami oleh seorang ibu. Selama proses persalinan terjadi penurunan kepala ke dalam rongga panggul dan kontraksi yang menyebabkan sensasi nyeri yang dirasakan ibu. Berbagai upaya dilakukan untuk menurunkan nyeri persalinan, baik secara farmakologi maupun nonfarmakologi. Metode nonfarmakologi dapat dilakukan antara lain relaksasi nafas dalam dan distraksi dengan birthball. Tujuan Penelitian: Diketahuinya pengaruh terapi birth ball terhadap lama kala II dan penurunan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif. Metode Peneltian Jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan pretest posttest with control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di ruang bersalin Rumah Bersalin Kasih Ibu Yogyakarta dengan populasi seluruh ibu bersalin kala I yang melahirkan di Rumah Bersalin Kasih Ibu Yogyakarta. Sedangkan sampel diambil dengan nonrandom sampling menggunakan kriteria: kehamilan pertama, umur 20 35 tahun, Kehamilan tunggal, aterm, persalinan kala I, kondisi fisik ibu normal. Didapatkan jumlah 30 sampel perlakuan dan 30 sampel kontrol. Variabel bebas yaitu terapi birthball, sedangkan variabel terikat adalah lama Kala II dan intensitas nyeri persalinan yang diukur dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan pengukuran skala nyeri menggunakan Universal Pain Assessment Tool. Analisis data dengan presentase, rerata dan uji Chi Square. Hasil Ada pengaruh terapi birthball terhadap lama kala II persalinan (p value 0.001) rerata lama kala II persalinan pada kelompok perlakuan lebih singkat (rerata 21,3 menit) dibandingkan pada kelompok kontrol (rerata 36,5 menit) rerata intensitas nyeri sebelum perlakuan 6.4 dan sesudah perlakuan 4.9 sehingga terjadi penurunan intensitas nyeri (p value 0.019) Lama Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh terapi birthball terhadap lama kala II persalinan dan penurunan intensitas nyeri.
A Survey of Underwater Wireless Communication Technologies

The increasing exploitation of natural resources under water, particularly in the sea, has ignited the development of many technological advances in the domains of environmental monitoring, oil and gas exploration, warfare, among others. In all these domains, underwater wireless communications play an important role, where the technologies available rely on radio frequency, optical, and acoustic transmissions. This paper surveys key features inherent to these communication technologies, putting into perspective their technical aspects, current research challenges, and to be explored potential. In the end we list several technical challenges that are addressed with the aid of signal processing tools.
Comparison of modulation techniques for underwater optical wireless communication at Mallipattinam, Tamil Nadu
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Technology and Science (ICETETS)

In this survey, we explore the possessions of water attenuation on an underwater optical wireless communications system by using different modulation techniques(QPSK, ASK and OOK) and laser based systems. For underwater light propagation, scattering and absorption are the leading sources that may bound the transmission length. We consider the parameters such as transmitter optical power, transmitter divergence angle, transmitter efficiency, receiver efficiency, receiver diameter, receiver sensitivity, chlorophyll concentration and water concentration and also converse the other considerations. The laser based wireless communication systems are feasible solution to high speed and large distance data transmission applications with data rate of 155 Mbps, wavelength of 650 nm and power of 19 mw.
A Meta Analysis of Social Networking Online and Social Capital

Social networking sites offer new avenues for interpersonal communication that may enable people to build social capital. The meta analyses reported in this paper evaluated the relationship between social network site (SNS) use and 2 types of social capital: bridging social capital and bonding social capital. The meta analyses included data from 58 articles gathered through scholarly databases and a hand search of the early publications of relevant journals. Using a random effects model, the overall effect size of the relationship between SNS use and bridging social capital based on k 50 studies and N 22,290 participants was r .32 (95% CI .27, .37] and the overall effect size between SNS use and bonding social capital based on k 43 studies and N 19,439 participants was r .26 (95% CI .22, .31] The relationships between SNS use and both types of social capital were stronger in men than in women, and the relationship between SNS use and bridging capital was stronger in Western, individualistic countries than Eastern, collectivistic countries. Additional analyses of specific SNS activities indicated that SNS use promotes social capital by facilitating contact and interaction among people who already know each other offline rather than contact with people who were met online. The implication is that SNSs offer a platform to strengthen existing relationships.
Cross Correlation Frequency Resolved Optical Gating for Test Pulse Characterization Using a Self Diffraction Signal of a Reference Pulse

A diagnostic system using three frequency resolved optical gating (FROG) techniques cross correlation, second harmonic generation, and self diffraction is reported for the reliable characterization of femtosecond laser pulses. The latter two FROG techniques are employed to evaluate suitability in measurements of the reference pulse. A train of optical pulses generated by the superposition of two femtosecond pulses emitting at 800 nm and 1180 nm has been characterized by the cross correlation FROG to evaluate the reliability of the present diagnostic system.
Ethical position and empathy, predictors of prosociality and penalization of offenses and crimes

Resumen La postura etica relativista rechaza la posibilidad de depender de normas morales universales para sacar conclusiones de juicios morales. Esta puede influir en el comportamiento moral, en particular la prosocialidad y la penalizacion de faltas y delitos; jugando la empatia un importante papel mediador. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue poner a prueba un modelo de interaccion de variables (mediante SEM) siendo variables predictoras el relativismo y absolutismo moral, variable mediadora la empatia y variables dependientes la conducta prosocial y la penalizacion de faltas y delitos. Se midieron las variables en una muestra de 515 adolescentes de entre 17 y 20 anos, con una media de edad de 17.49 DT 72) 166 varones y 349 mujeres, pertenecientes a la provincia de Entre Rios y Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los resultados indicaron un buen ajuste entre el modelo propuesto y los datos empiricos. Se obtuvo un X 2 (1) 2.55, p .11, X 2 /gl 2.55. Asimismo se obtuvieron los siguientes indices de ajuste: GFI .99, AGFI .97, CFI .99. El absolutismo como variable predictora tuvo un efecto positivo sobre la penalizacion de faltas y delitos. Este efecto positivo se incremento por la empatia como variable mediadora entre ambos. El relativismo tuvo un efecto negativo sobre la penalizacion de faltas y delitos. Los resultados del modelo teorico propuesto afirman la importancia del relativismo y absolutismo moral, sobre la penalizacion de faltas y delitos y sobre la conducta prosocial, con un papel mediador importante de la empatia para la concrecion de lo moral.  The relativistic ethical position rejects the possibility of relying on universal moral norms to draw conclusions from moral judgments. It can influence moral behavior, particulary in prosociality and penalization of faults and crimes; empathy has an important mediating role. The objective of the present paper was to test an interaction of variables model (using SEM) being relativism and moral absolutism predictor variables, empathy variable mediator and prosocial behavior and penalization of faults and crimes dependent variables. The variables were measured in a sample of 515 adolescents between 17 and 20 years of age, with a mean age of 17.49 (SD 72) 166 males and 349 females, belonging to the province of Entre Rios and Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results indicated a good fit between the proposed model and the empirical data. It was obtained an X 2 (1) 2.55, p .11, X 2 (2) gl 2.55. The following adjustment indexes were also obtained: GFI .99, AGFI .97, CFI .99. Absolutism as a predictor variable had a positive effect on the penalization of crimes and faults. This positive effect was increased by empathy as a mediating variable between both variables. Relativism had a negative effect on the penalization of faults and crimes. The results of the proposed theoretical model confirm the importance of relativism and moral absolutism on the penalization of faults and crimes, and prosocial behavior; with an important mediating role of empathy for the concretion of the moral.
Group Dynamics of Interorganizational Relationships: Collaborating with Multiple Partners in Innovation Ecosystems

This paper examines how organizations collaborate with multiple partners, such as when they develop innovative and complex product platforms like smartphones, servers, and MRI machines that rely on technologies developed by organizations in three or more sectors. Research on multipartner alliances often treats them as a collection of independent dyads, neglecting the possibility of third party influence and interference in dyads that can inhibit innovation. Using a multiple case, inductive study of six groups, each composed of three organizations engaged in technology and product development in the computer industry, I examine the collaborative forms and processes that organizations use to innovate with multiple partners in groups. Groups that used the collaborative forms of independent parallel dyads or single unified triads generated mistrust and conflict that stemmed from expectations about third party participation and overlapping roles and thus had low innovation performance and weaker ties. Other groups avoided these problems by using a dynamic collaboration process that I call "group cycling," in which managers viewed their triad as a small group, decomposed innovative activities into a series of interlinked dyads between different pairs of partners, and managed third party interests across time. By temporarily restricting participation to pairs, managers chose which ideas, technologies, and resources to incorporate from third parties into single dyads and ensured that the outputs of multiple dyads were combined into a broader innovative whole.
Hierarchies of plant stiffness.
Venue: Plant science an international journal of experimental plant biology

Plants must meet mechanical as well as physiological and reproductive requirements for survival. Management of internal and external stresses is achieved through their unique hierarchical architecture. Stiffness is determined by a combination of morphological (geometrical) and compositional variables that vary across multiple length scales ranging from the whole plant to organ, tissue, cell and cell wall levels. These parameters include, among others, organ diameter, tissue organization, cell size, density and turgor pressure, and the thickness and composition of cell walls. These structural parameters and their consequences on plant stiffness are reviewed in the context of work on stems of the genetic reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and the suitability of Arabidopsis as a model system for consistent investigation of factors controlling plant stiffness is put forward. Moving beyond Arabidopsis, the presence of morphological parameters causing stiffness gradients across length scales leads to beneficial emergent properties such as increased load bearing capacity and reversible actuation. Tailoring of plant stiffness for old and new purposes in agriculture and forestry can be achieved through bioengineering based on the knowledge of the morphological and compositional parameters of plant stiffness in combination with gene identification through the use of genetics.
Novel de novo EEF1A2 missense mutations causing epilepsy and intellectual disability
Venue: Molecular genetics genomic medicine

Exome sequencing has led to the discovery of mutations in novel causative genes for epilepsy. One such gene is EEF1A2, encoding a neuromuscular specific translation elongation factor, which has been found to be mutated de novo in five cases of severe epilepsy. We now report on a further seven cases, each with a different mutation, of which five are newly described.