nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Economic growth, human capital and structural change: A dynamic panel data analysis

Human capital is identified as one of the main determinants of economic growth and plays an important role in the technological progress of countries. Nevertheless, existing studies have to some extent neglected the importance of human capital in the growth process via the interaction it can have with a country's industrial specialization. Additionally, the emphasis is mainly placed on supply side determinants, while demand side factors are neglected, particularly the relevance of the processes of structural change. Thus, using a growth model which integrates variables from both the supply side and demand side, we assess the direct and indirect effects of human capital on economic growth, including in the latter the interaction of human capital with the industrial specialization of countries. Based on dynamic panel data estimations, we found that human capital and the countries' productive specialization dynamics are crucial factors for economic growth. Moreover, the interaction between human capital and structural change in high knowledge intensive industries impacts significantly on economic growth. However, the sign of this effect depends on the type of country and the period of analysis. Specifically, over a longer time span (1960 2011) and for more highly developed (OECD) countries, the impact of the interaction between human capital and structural change is positive. When we also include transition and Mediterranean countries over a shorter time period (1990 2011) we find that human capital significantly and positively impacts on the countries' economic growth but the effect of human capital via specialization in high tech and knowledge intensive activities is negative. The latter result indicates that the lack of industrial structures able to properly integrate highly educated individuals into the productive system leads countries to experience disappointing economic returns.
Information and communication technology, electricity consumption and economic growth in OECD countries: a panel data analysis

This study estimates the short and long run effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) use and economic growth on electricity consumption using OECD panel data for the period of 1985 2012. The study employs a panel unit root test accounting for the presence of cross sectional dependence, a panel cointegration test, the Pooled Mean Group Regression technique and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test. The results confirm that both ICT use and economic growth stimulate electricity consumption in both the short and the long run. Causality results suggest that electricity consumption causes economic growth. Both mobile and Internet use cause electricity consumption and economic growth. The findings imply that OECD countries have yet to achieve energy efficiency gains from ICT expansion. Effective coordination between energy efficiency from ICT policy and existing emissions reduction policies have the potential to enable OECD countries reduce environmental hazards arising from electricity consumption for ICT products and services. Introducing green IT and IT for green are also recommended as potential solutions to curb electricity consumption from ICT use especially in the data centers.
Does economic freedom enhance the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in north African countries? A panel data analysis

type="main" xml:lang="en" This article investigates the causal interactions between foreign direct investment (FDI) economic freedom and economic growth on a panel of four North African countries (Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and Egypt) over a 5 year period from 1980 to 2013. Using the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in a panel data analysis, we found strong evidence of a positive link between FDI and economic growth. We also found that economic freedom appears to be working as a complement to FDI and that the effect of FDI is more pronounced in the presence of the economic freedom variable. This means that the countries which promote greater freedom of economic activities benefit more from the presence of multinational corporations (MNCs)
Economic development and natural disasters: A satellite data analysis

In this study we examine the impact of large scale natural disasters on economic development. A major obstacle in exploring this relationship is the poor data quality on GDP per capita in low income countries, while at the same time more than 90% of all disasters that happen worldwide occur in these particular countries. To overcome this problem, we use data based on satellite images of the night time light intensity in a specific country or region which is shown to be highly correlated with income per capita. After testing for the sensitivity of the results, our main findings suggest that natural disasters reduce the amount of lights visible from outer space significantly in the short run. To be more precise, we demonstrate that climatic and hydrological disasters cause a large drop in the luminosity in developing and emerging market countries, while geophysical and meteorological disasters decrease light intensity more in industrialized countries. It turns out that using reported real GDP per capita figures underestimates the true impact. Besides, a large part of the economic consequences of the natural events is explained by their regional impact. However, in the long run most of the disaster effect has disappeared. Finally, the impact of a disaster depends partly on the size and scope of the natural catastrophe, the geographical location, the degree of financial development of a country and the quality of the political institutions present.
Social media engagement behaviour: a uses and gratifications perspective

The proliferation of social media platforms and corresponding consumer adoption in recent years has precipitated a paradigm shift, significantly altering the ways customers engage with brands. Organisations recognise the social and network value of engagement within social media, and practitioners are endeavouring to build engagement through their social media content. However, theoretically based academic guidance concerning marketing practice and engagement in new media social networks is limited. This article provides a theoretical model to explicate the role of social media content in facilitating engagement behaviour within a social media context. Based on uses and gratifications theory, it provides a model for how an organisation can stimulate positively valenced engagement behaviour through social media and dissuade negatively valenced engagement behaviour in this forum. A typology of social media engagement behaviour is proposed and a series of hypotheses exploring the relationships between social media content and engagement behaviour are presented.
Study on the impact of marketing through social media, online games and mobile applications on children's behaviour

The European Online Games, Social Media and Mobile Application sector has grown substantially in recent years and children are exposed to increasingly sophisticated marketing techniques online which are often outside the purview of existing regulatory frameworks. This study aims to provide a better understanding of online marketing to children and to inform effective policy measures for the protection of children as consumers. The study uses a range of information sources, including a systematic literature review, a review of legislation and regulatory framework at EU and Member State level, in depth analysis of games, focus groups with parents and children, a survey with parents, and behavioural experiments on advergames and in app purchases. The study finds that online marketing practices have an impact on children, and that children have difficulties recognizing marketing content, in activating defence mechanisms and in taking decisions. The analysis also shows that although parents play an important role in mediating their children's online behaviour, parents are often not fully aware of the risks their children are exposed to in online environments. The study concludes with policy recommendations focussing on policies to address children as a particularly vulnerable consumer group.
Security Enhancement of Knowledge based User Authentication through Keystroke Dynamics

Keystroke Dynamics is a behavioural biometrics characteristic in Biometric science, which solve the issues in user identification or verification. In Knowledge based user authentication technique, we compromise with PIN or password which is unsafe due to different type of attacks. It is good to choose password with the combination of upper and lower case letter with some digits and symbols, but which is very hard to remember or generally we forget to distinguish those passwords for different access control systems. Our system not only takes the users' entered texts but their typing style is also account for. In our experiment, we have not taken hard password type texts, we have chosen some daily used words where users are habituated and comfortable at typing and we obtained the consisting typing pattern. Different distance based and data mining algorithms we have applied on collected typing pattern and obtained impressive results. As per our experiment, if we use keystroke dynamics in existing knowledge based user authentication system with minimum of five daily used common texts then it increases the security level up to 97.6% to 98.2% (if we remove some of the irrelevant feature sets)
Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors have attracted intense attention due to their great potential to meet the demand of both high energy density and power density in many advanced technologies. Various carbon materials, including porous carbon, graphene, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube, and carbon network, are currently pursued as supercapacitor electrodes because of their high specific surface area, high electronic conductivity, high chemical stability, and low cost. In additions, the flexible solid state supercapacitors based on carbon materials with long cycle life, high power density, environmental friendliness, and safety afford a promising option for energy storage applications. Then, we review the relevant results about carbon based capacitive materials and view the ongoing trends in advanced supercapacitors.
Preparation and characterization of poly(lactic acid) based composite reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber and nanosilica.

The properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) bio composite films reinforced with oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber and nanosilica were studied in this work. The composite films were prepared via the solvent casting method. The composites were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) UV visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) tensile testing, and X ray diffraction (XRD) Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy results revealed that the PLA based composites and neat PLA had similar light transmittances of approximately 89% The FTIR and FESEM results showed that OPEFB fibers and nanosilica were embedded into the PLA matrix. The tensile strength of the composites with addition of nanosilica increased with an increasing fiber load content. The XRD analysis showed that the addition of organic or inorganic silica reduced the crystallinity of the composites. The water vapor permeability test results indicated that the inorganic silica decreased the diffusion rate of water molecules through the polymer film. The OPEFB reinforced PLA blend with additional organic silica exhibited a higher thermal stability than the composites reinforced with inorganic silica.
Hybrid nanocellulose/nanoclay composites for food packaging applications

In this research, cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) were extracted and dispersed through a combination of alkali acetylation treatments followed by soft mechanical treatments. Thereafter, PLA based nanocomposites with CNF, nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) and/or commercially available nanoclay (CloisiteTM 30B) were prepared and evaluated for use in food packaging. It was determined that composites with CNF or CNC and clay led to a great reduction in the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) and the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) (up to a 90% reduction in the OTR and 76% in the WVTR for PLA/CNF 5%/C30B 5% A significant increase in thermomechanical resistance was obtained (the storage modulus of PLA/CNF 5%/C30B 5% at 85degC, was 3.7 times higher than for neat PLA) and increased crystallisation kinetics (the PLA/CNF 1%/C30B 1% showed an 81% reduction in half crystallisation time compared with neat PLA) without a significant reduction in optical properties at moderate nanoparticle loading. Furthermore, it was found that solvent casting at a low temperature induced sub micron sized spherulites, which had little influence on water diffusion and transparency decline. On the other hand, high temperature processing led to larger spherulite sizes, which had a more significant impact on water diffusion and transparency reduction but also showed an increased water sorption. Finally, it was found that cellulose nanofibers reduced water diffusion to an extent similar to C30B (21% vs. 27% while hybrid composites showed 49% decrease, albeit CNF based composites showed increased water sorption (7% for PLA/CNF 1% composite and 9% for PLA/CNF 1%/C30B 1% when compared with neat PLA) The reduced diffusivity of the hybrid nanocomposites suggested that the material was promising for active packaging, since low diffusivity leads to the slower release of active compounds such as essential oils. On top of that the CNF was surface modified with hydrocinnamic acid (gCNF) with the aim of reducing even more the release rate of carvacrol and to enhance the CNF dispersion with the PLA matrix. Consequently, carvacrol loaded PLA/CNF, PLA/gCNF and hybrid PLA/CNF/C30B composites were prepared and evaluated on controlled release applications. It was established that the surface modification of CNF greatly enhanced the dispersion of the gCNF and that carvacrol loaded hybrid composites showed a decreased release rate, high ductility and a reduced WVTR which made those composites promising material for food packaging films.
Exploring Complex Networks with Failure Prone Agents
Venue: MICAI

Distributed data collection and synchronization is essential in sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) as well as for data replication in server farms, clusters and clouds. Generally, such systems consist of a set of interconnected components, which cooperate and coordinate to achieve a collective task, while acting locally and being failure prone. An important challenge is hence to define efficient and robust algorithms for data collection and synchronisation in large scale, distributed and failure prone platforms. This paper studies the performance and robustness of different multi agent algorithms in complex networks with different topologies (Lattice, Small world, Community and Scale free) and different agent failure rates. Agents proceed from random locations and explore the network to collect local data hosted in each node. Their exploration algorithm determines how fast they cover unexplored nodes to collect new data, and how often they meet other agents to exchange complementary data and speed up the process. Two exploration algorithms are studied: one random and one using a stigmergy model (that we propose) Experimental results show how network topologies and agent failure rates impact data collection and synchronization, and how a stigmergy based approach can improve performance and success rates across most scenarios. We believe these results offer key insights into the suitability of various decentralised algorithms in different networked environments, which are increasingly at the core of modern information and communication technology (ICT) systems.
Diverse Yet Efficient Retrieval using Locality Sensitive Hashing
Venue: ICMR

Typical retrieval systems have three requirements: a) Accurate retrieval, i.e. the method should have high precision, b) Diverse retrieval, i.e. the obtained set of samples should be diverse, and c) Retrieval time should be small. However, most of the existing methods address only one or two of the above mentioned requirements. In this work, we present a method based on randomized locality sensitive hashing which tries to address all of the above requirements simultaneously. While earlier hashing based approaches considered approximate retrieval to be acceptable only for the sake of efficiency, we argue that one can further exploit approximate retrieval to provide impressive trade offs between accuracy and diversity. We also extend our method to the problem of multi label prediction, where the goal is to output a diverse and accurate set of labels for a given document in real time. Finally, we present empirical results on image and text retrieval tasks and show that our method retrieves diverse and accurate images/labels while ensuring 100x speed up over the existing diverse retrieval approaches.
Socio Economic Background and Dietary Habits of Secondary School Adolescents with Psychological Counselling Implication for Healthy Living of Children of School Age in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria

Indeed, the influence of peer groups and the desire for independence which characterize adolescents' psychosocial development often leads to the development of high risk nutritional behaviours. The situation in Cross River State, Nigeria is worse, in that the eating habits behaviour of school children has become of great concerned to parents, school counsellors and health practitioners. This study was conducted to determine the influence of socioeconomic background and residential location on dietary habits of secondary school adolescents in Calabar education zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The descriptive survey design was employed. The population comprised of all secondary school students in public secondary schools in Calabar Education Zone. The simple and stratified sampling techniques were also used to select 24 secondary schools and 542 students constitute the sample for this study. A well validated and reliable four point Likert scale type instrument was used for data collection. The data collated were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test analysis and were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that residential area significantly influence adolescents' dietary habits (P> ay 0.05 level of significance) whereas, socio economic background do not significantly affect the dietary habits of adolescents (P> ay 0.05 level of significance) Based on the findings, recommendations made included that the food safety unit of the state Ministry of Health should include in their schedule, school visits to inspect tuck shops and expunge all peddlers of unhealthy foods and that school administrators should employ the services of Nutrition Educators to provide sound nutrition information for the students and parents.
Dietary Habits and Perception Toward Food Additives according to the Frequency of Consumption of Convenience Food at Convenience Stores among University Students in Cheongju

This study was performed to examine the consumption patterns of convenience food at convenience stores, dietary habits, and perception as well as knowledge of food additives among university students.  Subjects were 352 university students in Cheongju, Korea, and data was collected by a self administered questionnaire. They were divided into three groups according to the frequency of consumption of convenience food at convenience stores: 79 rare 1 time/month) 89 moderate (2 4 times/month) and 184 frequent 2 times/week)  More subjects from the frequent consumption group lived apart from parents (p  Our results provided a better understanding of the factors associated with frequent consumption of convenience foods at convenience stores among university students and will be useful to develop a nutrition education program for those who are more prone to consume convenience foods.
Essential considerations for design and control of human interactive robots
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

Managing the trade off between performance and stability is a crucial issue in physical human robot interaction, and this has become more important than ever apace with growing needs for physically human interactive robots in many fields, such as assistive robotics and rehabilitation robotics. In this paper, we present two essential considerations for design and control of robots physically interacting with humans: energetic passivity and mechanical impedance. Characterization of passive, dissipative, and active behavior of the human neuromuscular system is essential to ensure and control coupled stability in physical human robot interaction. In addition, characterization of human mechanical impedance at the interaction port provides detailed quantitative information to describe interactive dynamics. The importance of these characterizations is demonstrated by simple examples and the authors' previous research on the human ankle. Implications for quantitative guidelines for robot design and control are discussed.
Virtualization methods for securing online exam
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE)

The advancement of technology brings various changes to numerous fields, including education. Online exam usages are increasing, since it brings several benefits, including the possibility of automated grading. However, online exam also brings new possibilities for a cheating exam taker to access forbidden resources. Both manual and computer aided mechanisms to prevent cheating are needed. After conducting preliminary research on cheating in online exams and its detection and prevention, in this research, we present virtualization methods for securing online exams from cheating attempts in an exam client in real time. We analyzed and compared two virtualization methods, which are hardware level virtualization and operating system level virtualization, for implementing secure exam sandboxes. Based on our experiments, hardware level virtualization is the optimal method. The result of this research is a set of tools that can be used to enhance the existing proctoring methods used for securing online exam. The benefits of our proposed system are a better process isolation and low bandwidth usage.
Spatial Pyramid Pooling in Structured Sparse Representation for Flame Detection
Venue: ICIMCS

Although the object detection and recognition has received growing attention for decades, a robust fire and flame detection method is rarely explored. This paper presents a novel solid solution based on sparse representation with spatial pyramid pooling. Traditional sparse representation, as one of prevalent feature learning methods, is successfully applied for object detection. But it has some intrinsic defects. Firstly, it requires fixed input image size. Secondly, the accuracy of detection heavily depends on discriminative dictionary learning and feature coding. At last, it is usually very time consuming. In this paper, we have proposed a novel dictionary learning method with the structure sparsity constraint to train a discriminative dictionary. In feature coding stage, we compute sparse codes of each patch with dictionaries learned from data and pool them to form local histogram in spatial pyramid manner. At lat, the feature vector is pipelined into a linear SVM classifier to train the model. For improving the efficiency, we also adopt the selective search approach to generate the candidate region proposals in the preprocessing stage. In processing test images, our method achieved better or comparable accuracy to the state of the art on FlameDetection2010 Dataset.