nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Definitions, Perception and Functioning of Creative Accounting in the Theory and Practice of Different Languages, Countries and Parts of the World

This paper aims to show how the concept of creative accounting is defined and how it operates in the literature of different countries and further how it is perceived by the public. It presents the authors' detailed analysis of professional accounting literature from all over the world in order to find information about how the concept of creative accounting functions and how it is defined in different countries and parts of the world. It should be noted that although numerous authors presented different definitions of creative accounting in their publications, they, unlike the authors of this paper, did not carry out studies which would comprehensively collate definitions of creative accounting from different countries. The methodology employed involves a critical review of relevant literature originating in several dozen countries. The authors have also verified how the concept of creative accounting functions on the Internet. The study was conducted between November 2014 and July 2015. The results show that, depending on the region, creative accounting can be perceived as a positive phenomenon (e.g. in Central and Eastern Europe) a neutral one (e.g. in South America) or it may be directly associated with financial statement fraud (mostly in German and English speaking countries) The manner in which theoreticians conceive creative accounting impacts the overall shape of financial reporting: the scope of freedom available to accountants and opportunities to implement the principle of true and fair view. Understanding of the concept of the creative accounting leads to understanding of the essence of accounting. It is not a trivial matter since it is the information provided by accounting and presented in financial reports that is the foundation of many economic decisions.
The Strength Model of Self Control in Sport and Exercise Psychology
Venue: Front. Psychol.

The strength model of self control assumes that all acts of self control (e.g. emotion regulation, persistence) are empowered by a single global metaphorical strength that has limited capacity. This strength can become temporarily depleted after a primary self control act, which, in turn, can impair performance in subsequent acts of self control. Recently, the assumptions of the strength model of self control also have been adopted and tested in the field of sport and exercise psychology. The present review paper aims to give an overview of recent developments in self control research based on the strength model of self control. Furthermore, recent research on interventions on how to improve and revitalize self control strength will be presented. Finally, the strength model of self control has been criticized lately, as well as expanded in scope, so the present paper will also discuss alternative explanations of why previous acts of self control can lead to impaired performance in sport and exercise.
The Contested Development of a Philippine Tourism Landscape: The Case of Nasugbu, Batangas

A strong reliance on tourism is one of the Philippines's key strategies to attain economic growth and security. This requires infrastructures and scenic locations that attract tourists. However, these scenic locations also contain the agricultural landscape. Consequently, peasants are displaced from their homes and livelihoods to give way to tourism projects. With Nasugbu, Batangas as a study site, the paper employs critical landscape approach by examining the sociopolitical and economic relations between government officials, private tourism developers, and farmer residents that take place in its agricultural and tourism landscapes. Through interviews with various stakeholders and examination of state policies, infrastructure, and resources, the study reveals that the combination of the decentralized power of the local government units and the dynamics between government and private sectors (political patronage and through corporate social responsibility) boost the government's agenda of making tourism work for the economy. The paper posits that the kind of development that arises from the shared landscape of tourism and agriculture is contested development.
Examining the Influence of Measures of Adiposity on Cognitive Function in Middle Age and Older African Americans.
Venue: Archives of clinical neuropsychology the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

The objectives of the study were to examine whether measures of total obesity (body mass index [BMI] and central obesity (waist circumference [WC] and waist to hip ratio [WHR] are associated with cognitive function in African Americans, and whether sex moderates these associations. A sample of 194 African Americans, with a mean age of 58.97 years, completed a battery of cognitive tests and a self reported health questionnaire. Height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure were assessed. Linear regression analyses were run. Results suggested lower performance on measures of verbal fluency and complex attention/cognitive flexibility was accounted for by higher levels of central adiposity. Among men, higher WHR was more strongly related to complex attention/cognitive flexibility performance, but for women, WC was a salient predictor. Higher BMI was associated with poorer verbal memory performance among men, but poorer nonverbal memory performance among women. Findings suggest a need for healthy lifestyle interventions for African Americans to maintain healthy weight and cognitive function.
The effects of genes implicated in cardiovascular disease on blood pressure response to treatment among treatment naive hypertensive African Americans in the GenHAT study
Venue: Journal of Human Hypertension

African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension in the United States. Blood pressure (BP) control is important to reduce cardiovascular disease related morbidity and mortality in this ethnic group. Genetic variants have been found to be associated with BP response to treatment. Previous pharmacogenetic studies of BP response to treatment in African Americans suffer limitations of small sample size as well as a limited number of candidate genes, and often focused on one antihypertensive treatment. Using 1131 African American treatment naive participants from the Genetics of Hypertension Associated Treatment Study, we examined whether variants in 35 candidate genes might modulate BP response to four different antihypertensive medications, including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril) a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) and an a adrenergic blocker (doxazosin) as compared with a thiazide diuretic (chlorthalidone) after 6 months of follow up. Several suggestive gene by treatment interactions were identified. For example, among participants with two minor alleles of renin rs6681776, diastolic BP response was much improved on doxazosin compared with chlorthalidone (on average 9.49 mm Hg vs 1.70 mm Hg) (P=0.007) Although several suggestive loci were identified, none of the findings passed significance criteria after correction for multiple testing. Given the impact of hypertension and its sequelae in this population, this research highlights the potential for genetic factors to contribute to BP response to treatment. Continued concerted research efforts focused on genetics are needed to improve treatment response in this high risk group.
Identification of a rectal subregion highly predictive of rectal bleeding in prostate cancer IMRT.
Venue: Radiotherapy and oncology journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

To identify rectal subregions at risks (SRR) highly predictive of 3 year rectal bleeding (RB) in prostate cancer IMRT.  Overall, 173 prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT/IGRT were prospectively analyzed, divided into "training" (n=118) and "validation" cohorts (n=53) Dose volume histograms (DVHs) were calculated in three types of rectal subregions: "geometric" intuitively defined (hemi rectum, "personalized" obtained by non rigid registration followed by voxel wise statistical analysis (SRRp) "generic" mapped from SRRps, located within 8x8 rectal subsections (SRRg) DVHs from patients with and without RB were compared and used for toxicity prediction.  Training cohort SRRps were primarily within the inferior anterior hemi rectum and upper anal canal, with 3.8Gy mean dose increase for Grade1 RB patients. The SRRg, representing 15% of the absolute rectal volume, was located in 10 inferior anterior rectal subsections. V18 V70 for SRRps and V58 V65 for SRRg were significantly higher for RB patients than non RB. Maximum areas under the curve (AUCs) for SRRp and SRRg RB prediction were 71% and 64% respectively. The validation cohort confirmed the predictive value of SRRg for Grade1 RB. The total cohort confirmed the predictive value of SRRg for Grade2 RB. Geometrical subregions were not RB predictors.  The inferior anterior hemi anorectum was highly predictive of RB.
Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for late rectal bleeding, stool frequency and fecal incontinence after radiotherapy in prostate cancer patients.
Venue: Radiotherapy and oncology journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

Curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer may lead to anorectal side effects, including rectal bleeding, fecal incontinence, increased stool frequency and rectal pain. The main objective of this study was to develop multivariable NTCP models for these side effects.  The study sample was composed of 262 patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer (stage T1 3) Anorectal toxicity was prospectively assessed using a standardized follow up program. Different anatomical subregions within and around the anorectum were delineated. A LASSO logistic regression analysis was used to analyze dose volume effects on toxicity.  In the univariable analysis, rectal bleeding, increase in stool frequency and fecal incontinence were significantly associated with a large number of dosimetric parameters. The collinearity between these predictors was high (VIF>5) In the multivariable model, rectal bleeding was associated with the anorectum (V70) and anticoagulant use, fecal incontinence was associated with the external sphincter (V15) and the iliococcygeal muscle (V55) Finally, increase in stool frequency was associated with the iliococcygeal muscle (V45) and the levator ani (V40) No significant associations were found for rectal pain.  Different anorectal side effects are associated with different anatomical substructures within and around the anorectum. The dosimetric variables associated with these side effects can be used to optimize radiotherapy treatment planning aiming at prevention of specific side effects and to estimate the benefit of new radiation technologies.
A novel hybrid algorithm for electricity price and load forecasting in smart grids with demand side management

Smart grid is a platform that enables the participants of electricity market to adjust their bidding strategies based on Demand Side Management (DSM) models. Responsiveness of the market participants can improve reliability of system operation as well as capital cost investments. In this regard, the accurate forecast of electricity price and demand in smart grids is an important challenge as their strong correlation makes a separate forecasting to be ineffective. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel hybrid algorithm for simultaneous forecast of price and demand that uses a set of effective tools in preprocessing part, forecast engine and tuned algorithm. To highlight our contributions, the proposed forecast algorithm classified into three main parts. The first part employs a new Flexible Wavelet Packet Transform (FWPT) to decompose a signal into multiple terms at different frequencies, and a new feature selection method that employs Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) and adjacent features in order to select valuable input data. The second part consists of a novel Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) model based on Nonlinear Least Square Support Vector Machine (NLSSVM) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) in order to model the linear and nonlinear correlation between price and load in two stages. The final part employs a modified version of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm based on time varying coefficients and stumble generation operator, called TV SABC, in order to optimize NLSSVM parameters in a learning process. The proposed hybrid forecasting algorithm is evaluated on several real and well known markets illustrating its high accuracy in simultaneous forecast of electricity price and demand. Moreover, the interactive effects of demand side management programs on load factor (load curve) and price signal are investigated by numerical indices.
The International Wine Trade and Its New Export Dynamics (1988 2012) A Gravity Model Approach

An acceleration of the wine industry globalization process has occurred in the last decades due to increased competition, the emergence of new producers and exporters, and the existence of new wine consuming countries. All this has led to global changes in production strategies and marketing. The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes that have occurred in the global wine export dynamics and define its determinants; to do so a gravity model was estimated in which (a) the main wine producers and consumers involved in international trade are present, (b) two distinctive scenarios are present: one of continuous change (1988 1999) and one of an established export dynamic (2002 2012) and (c) bulk and bottled wines are considered. The main results show that higher incomes, lower prices, cultural and geographical affinities, and trade agreements promote wine exports; the expansion of bottled wine trade, especially within the EU, is particularly highlighted.
Nano scale pore structure and fractal dimension of organic rich Wufeng Longmaxi shale from Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin: Investigations using FE SEM, gas adsorption and helium pycnometry

Much attention have been recently paid to the upper Ordovician Wufeng shale (O3w) and lower Silurian Longmaxi shale (S1l) in the Jiaoshiba area of Sichuan Basin, which is now the largest producing shale gas field in China. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM) low pressure gas (N2 and CO2) adsorption, helium pycnometry, X ray diffraction and geochemical analyses were performed to investigate the pore structure and fractal dimension of the pores in O3w S1l shale formation in the Jiaoshiba area. FE SEM images show that organic matter (OM) pores are dominant in the organic rich samples and these pores are often irregular, bubble like, elliptical and faveolate in shape, while in organic poor samples, limited and isolated interparticle (interP) intraparticle (intraP) and OM pores are observed. Reversed S shaped isotherms obtained from nitrogen adsorption are type II, and hysteresis loops indicate that the shape of micropore in the samples is slit or plate like. BET surface areas and total pore volume vary from 12.2 to 27.1 m2/g and from 1.8 x 10 2 to 2.9 x 10 2 cm3/g, with an average of 19.5 m2/g and 2.3 x 10 2 cm3/g, respectively. Adsorption volume from both N2 and CO2 adsorption increases with respect to TOC contents. Porosities obtained from helium porosimetry are comparable with these from gas (CO2 and N2) adsorption in O3w S1l shale. However, porosity determined by quantitative FE SEM analysis is much smaller, which is mainly related to limited resolution and the small areas of investigation. Based on the Frenkel Halsey Hill (FHH) model of low pressure N2 adsorption, fractal dimensions of the pores varied from 2.737 to 2.823. Relationships between pore structure parameters and TOC content, mineral composition and fractal dimension reveal that the fractal dimension is mainly associated with micropores. Samples with higher TOC content, higher quartz content and lower clay content tend to contain more heterogeneous micropores, resulting in higher fractal dimensions and more complicated pore structure in shales. Therefore, fractal dimension is an effective parameter to reflect the complexity of pore structure and the degree of micropore development in O3w S1l shale.
Characterization of methane adsorption on overmature Lower Silurian Upper Ordovician shales in Sichuan Basin, southwest China: Experimental results and geological implications

A series of methane adsorption isotherms were measured at 35.4 degC, 50.6 degC, and 65.4 degC at pressures up to 15.0 MPa for eight dried, overmature Lower Silurian Upper Ordovician shale samples collected from the Sichuan Basin with TOC values in the range of 1.87 5.74% The measured maxima of excess adsorption capacity of methane range from 1.25 to 2.50 cm 3 /g rock at 65.4 degC; the maxima are slightly enhanced at 35.4 degC, but all are positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) Both the supercritical Dubinin Radushkevich (SDR) and Langmuir based excess adsorption models were found to represent the experimental excess adsorption isotherms equally well within the experimental range. The temperature dependent densities of adsorbed methane resulting from the parameter fit of the SDR based excess adsorption model are in the range of 297 415 mg/cm 3 for the Langmuir based excess adsorption model, the adjusted densities range from 386 mg/cm 3 to 1027 mg/cm 3 and most of them are much larger than the liquid density of methane at its boiling point (424 mg/cm 3 Nevertheless, the maxima of absolute methane adsorption capacity fitted by both models are not significantly different and are linearly correlated. One of the contributors to the uncertainty of the gas in place estimation in geological conditions is the inconsistent utilization of experimental excess sorption data as "absolute sorption" values, particularly at high pressures. However, the choice of adsorption model itself (Langmuir or SDR based) and the fitting procedure, assuming either constant or temperature dependent adsorbed phase density and maximum sorption capacity, do not significantly affect the estimated GIPs for the geological system studied here with depths of less than 4000 m.
Pore structure characteristics of lower Silurian shales in the southern Sichuan Basin, China: Insights to pore development and gas storage mechanism

Silurian shale in Sichuan Basin is currently the most important target zone for shale gas exploration and development in China. Pore structure characteristics of Lower Silurian Longmaxi shales from southern Sichuan Basin were investigated. The combination of field emission scanning electron microscope (FE SEM) and argon ion beam milling was utilized to describe the nanometer to micrometer scale 1.2 nm) pore systems. The shales were characterized by organic geochemical and mineralogical analyses. Total porosity, pore size distribution (PSD) specific surface area, and gas content were determined. Controls of organic matter richness, thermal maturity, and mineralogy on porosity were examined. The contribution of individual mineral components to total porosity was analyzed quantitatively. Total gas contents of the shales determined from canister desorption data were compared with theoretical (sorptive and volumetric) gas storage capacities. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the shale samples ranges between 0.1 and 8.0 wt. and helium porosity varies between 0.7 and 5.7% Maturity in terms of equivalent vitrinite reflectance of bitumen (Reqv) ranges from 1.8 to 3.2% TOC content is a strong control for the pore system of these shales, and shows a positive correlation with porosity. Porosity increases with increasing thermal maturity when Reqv is less than 2.5% but decreases for higher thermal maturity samples. FE SEM reveals four pore types related to the rock matrix that are classified as follows: organic matter (OM) hosted pores, pores in clay minerals, pores of framework minerals, and intragranular pores in microfossils. Pores in clay minerals are always associated with the framework of clay flakes, and develop around rigid mineral grains because the pressure shadows of mineral grains prevent pores from collapsing. Pores of framework minerals are probably related to dissolution by acidic fluids, and the dissolution related pores promote porosity of shales. A unimodal PSD exists in the micropore range of TOC rich samples, while the PSD of carbonate rich samples are bimodal. A PSD maximum in the micropore range is attributed by OM and another maximum in the range of mesopore macropores is probably caused by the dissolution of carbonate minerals. Quantitative evaluation of the contribution of individual mineral components to porosity shows that the organic matter contributes approximately 62% to the total porosity. Framework minerals (quartz, feldspar, and carbonates, et al. and clay minerals contribute 25% and 13% respectively. The total gas content of these shales ranges from 0.4 to 6.2 m3/t, and the total gas contents of selected samples determined from canister desorption tests agree with the theoretically estimated original gas in place (OGIP) OM hosted pores are the main space for gas storage, and accounted for about 78% (55% adsorbed gas plus 23% free gas) of the OGIP, while pores in the inorganic matter accommodate 22% free gas of the OGIP.
Blood brain barrier damage in vascular dementia
Venue: Neuropathology official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology

New findings on flow or drainage pathways of brain interstitial fluid and cerebrospinal fluid have been made. The interstitial fluid flow has an effect on the passage of blood borne substances in the brain parenchyma, especially in areas near blood brain barrier (BBB) free regions. Actually, blood borne substances can be transferred in areas with intact BBB function, such as the hippocampus, the corpus callosum, periventricular areas, and medial portions of the amygdala, presumably through leaky vessels in the subfornical organs or the choroid plexus. Increasing evidence indicates that dysfunction of the BBB function may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. Accordingly, we have examined which insults seen in patients suffering from vascular dementia have an effect on the BBB using experimental animal models exhibiting some phenotypes of vascular dementia. The BBB in the hippocampus was clearly deteriorated in Mongolian gerbils exposed to acute ischemia followed by reperfusion and also in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) showing hypertension. The BBB in the corpus callosum was clearly deteriorated in Wistar rats with permanent ligation of the bilateral common carotid arteries showing chronic hypoperfusion. The BBB in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb was mildly deteriorated in aged senescence accelerated prone mice (SAMP8) showing cognitive dysfunction. The BBB in the hippocampus was mildly deteriorated in aged animals with hydrocephalus. Mild endothelial damage was seen in hyperglycemic db/db mice. In addition, mRNA expression of osteopontin, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) and CD36 was increased in vessels showing BBB damage in hypertensive SHRSP. As osteopontin, MMP 13 and CD36 are known to be related to brain injury and amyloid b accumulation or clearance, BBB damage followed by increased gene expression of these molecules not only contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, but also bridges the gap between vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease.