nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Time series measurements of transient tracers and tracer derived transport in the Deep Western Boundary Current between the Labrador Sea and the subtropical Atlantic Ocean at Line W

Time series measurements of the nuclear fuel reprocessing tracer, 129I and the gas ventilation tracer, CFC 11 were undertaken on the AR7W section in the Labrador Sea (1997 2014) and on Line W (2004 2014) located over the US continental slope off Cape Cod, to determine advection and mixing time scales for the transport of Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) within the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) Tracer measurements were also conducted in 2010 over the continental rise southeast of Bermuda to intercept the equator ward flow of DSOW by interior pathways. The Labrador Sea tracer and hydrographic time series data were used as input functions in a boundary current model that employs transit time distributions to simulate the effects of mixing and advection on downstream tracer distributions. Model simulations of tracer levels in the boundary current core and adjacent interior (shoulder) region with which mixing occurs were compared with the Line W time series measurements to determine boundary current model parameters. These results indicate that DSOW is transported from the Labrador Sea to Line W via the DWBC on a time scale of 5 6 y corresponding to a mean flow velocity of 2.7 cm/s while mixing between the core and interior regions occurs with a time constant of 2.6 y. A tracer section over the southern flank of the Bermuda rise indicates that the flow of DSOW that separated from the DWBC had undergone transport through interior pathways on a time scale of 9 y with a mixing time constant of 4 y. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Weakest winter South China Sea western boundary current caused by the 2015 2016 El Nino event

During the winter of 2015 2016, the strongest El Nino event of the 21st century occurred. At the same time, volume transport (VT) time series of the South China Sea western boundary current (SCSWBC) exhibited a minimum value of 3.7 Sv (1 Sv 1 x 106 m3 s 1) toward the southwest, indicating the weakest strength ever recorded in boreal winter (from November to February) The South China Sea (SCS) cyclonic gyre, inferred from the satellite derived surface absolute geostrophic current, was significantly reduced. It was considered that the weakened wind stress curl (negative anomaly) over the SCS resulting from an anticyclone over the Philippine Sea played an essential role. The anticyclone arose from a Rossby wave response to a negative sea surface temperature anomaly in the northwest Pacific. This idea is further supported by composite analysis, which shows that during El Nino (La Nina) winter, negative (positive) wind stress curl anomalies prevail in the Philippines Sea and the SCS; thus, the wind stress curl over the SCS is reduced (strengthened) leading to a weaker (stronger) SCS cyclonic gyre and SCSWBC. The mean VT of SCSWBC is 4.7 Sv (5.6 Sv) which is smaller (larger) than 5.2 Sv in normal years. This study provides robust observational evidence from long term in situ volume transport monitoring that El Nino can have a significant impact on the SCSWBC through an atmosphere bridged teleconnection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Features and variability of the South China Sea western boundary current from 1992 to 2011
Venue: Ocean Dynamics

Different from the traditional definition of the South China Sea western boundary current (SCSWBC) in this paper, only the southwestward and southward currents along the northern and western slopes in the SCS, which are closely associated with the basin wide wind stress curl, are defined as the SCSWBC, while the flows on the southwestern shelf driven directly by the local wind stress are regarded as part of the shelf circulation. Using a new reanalysis dataset of the SCS in conjunction with the in situ and remote sensing data, the main features and variability of the SCSWBC from 1992 to 2011 were studied. Dictated by the prevailing monsoonal winds and in and outflows, the SCSWBC in winter extended the full length of the western slope and reached its maximum intensity off the southeast coast of Vietnam, while in summer the main body of the SCSWBC was limited to the northern half of the western slope and merged with the northward coastal current to form the Vietnam Offshore Current (VOC) at about 12deg N. Moreover, the respective seasonal patterns of the SCSWBC showed pronounced interannual variations in its structure, including the axis, the width, and the maximum depth. The strength of the SCSWBC, with the transport of 11.8 3.5 Sv in winter and 3.0 1.6 Sv in summer off the central coast of Vietnam, also varied significantly from year to year. It was demonstrated that the monsoonal forcing over the SCS, the interannual variability of which was closely associated with El Nino events, played an important role in modulating the interannual variability of the SCSWBC, whereas the influence from the upper layer Luzon Strait transport was secondary.
Intraseasonal Variability of the Winter Western Boundary Current in the South China Sea Using Satellite Data and Mooring Observations
Venue: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

The intraseasonal variability of the winter western boundary current (WBC) in the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated using satellite data and mooring observations. The intraseasonal intensification of the northeasterly wind enhances the cross shelf sea level gradient, and, thus, causes the basin scale cyclonic circulation to spin up within around one week. The Southern Cyclonic Gyre in the southwestern SCS further strengthens due to the intensified inertial recirculation of the WBC. Complex empirical orthogonal function analysis reveals that the large sea level fluctuation around the downstream WBC can mainly be explained by two dominant modes. The first mode is related to intraseasonal variations of the wind field and its spatial field represents the response of the WBC to the westward Rossby waves originated from the interior basin, while the second mode reflects the southward propagation of mesoscale signals along the WBC. Mooring observations recorded the accelerations of the southward WBC three times in winter 2004/2005. While the first two could be linked to the wind intensification, the third one was associated with a cyclonic eddy closely next to the WBC. Initially, this eddy propagated from the Luzon Strait, where active mesoscale processes associated with the Kuroshio intrusion act as important disturbance sources for the SCS.
A Multi Center Diabetes Eye Screening Study in Community Settings: Study Design and Methodology
Venue: Ophthalmic epidemiology

Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults aged 20 74 years within the United States. The Innovative Network for Sight Research group (INSIGHT) designed the Diabetic Eye Screening Study (DESS) to examine the feasibility and short term effectiveness of non mydriatic diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening for adults with diabetes in community based settings.  Study enrollment began in December 2011 at four sites: an internal medicine clinic at a county hospital in Birmingham, Alabama; a Federally qualified community healthcare center in Miami Dade County, Florida; a university affiliated outpatient pharmacy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and a medical home in Winston Salem, North Carolina. People 18 years or older with previously diagnosed diabetes were offered free DR screening using non mydriatic retinal photography that was preceded by a brief questionnaire addressing demographic information and previous eye care use. Visual acuity was also measured for each eye. Images were evaluated at a telemedicine reading center by trained evaluators using the National Health System DR grading classification. Participants and their physicians were sent screening report results and telephoned for a follow up survey 3 months post screening to determine whether participants had sought follow up comprehensive eye care and their experiences with the screening process.  Target enrollment at each site was a minimum of 500 persons. Three of the four sites met this enrollment goal.  The INSIGHT/DESS is intended to establish the feasibility and short term effectiveness of DR screening using non mydriatic retinal photography in persons with diabetes who seek services in community based clinic and pharmacy settings.
Problem Solving Therapy Reduces Suicidal Ideation In Depressed Older Adults with Executive Dysfunction.
Venue: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

To test the hypothesis that Problem Solving Therapy (PST) is more effective than Supportive Therapy (ST) in reducing suicidal ideation in older adults with major depression and executive dysfunction. We further explored whether patient characteristics, such as age, sex, and additional cognitive impairment load (e.g. memory impairments) were related to changes in suicidal ideation over time.  Secondary data analysis using data from a randomized clinical trial allocating participants to PST or ST at 1:1 ratio. Raters were blind to patients' assignments.  University medical centers.  221 people aged 65 years old and older with major depression determined by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III R diagnosis and executive dysfunction as defined by a score of 33 or less on the Initiation Perseveration Score of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale or a Stroop Interference Task score of 25 or less. INTERVENTIONS 12 weekly sessions of PST or ST.  The suicide item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.  Of the 221 participants, 61% reported suicidal ideation (SI) The ST group had a lower rate of improvement in SI after 12 weeks (44.6% than did the PST group (60.4% Fisher's exact test p 0.031) Logistic regression showed significantly greater reductions in SI in elders who received PST at both 12 weeks (OR: .50, Z 2.16, p 0.031) and 36 weeks (OR: 0.5, Z 1.96, p 0.05) after treatment.  PST is a promising intervention for older adults who are at risk for suicide.
Using Hashtag Graph Based Topic Model to Connect Semantically Related Words Without Co Occurrence in Microblogs
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

In this paper, we introduce a new topic model to understand the chaotic microblogging environment by using hashtag graphs. Inferring topics on Twitter becomes a vital but challenging task in many important applications. The shortness and informality of tweets leads to extreme sparse vector representations with a large vocabulary. This makes the conventional topic models (e.g. latent Dirichlet allocation  and latent semantic analysis  fail to learn high quality topic structures. Tweets are always showing up with rich user generated hashtags. The hashtags make tweets semi structured inside and semantically related to each other. Since hashtags are utilized as keywords in tweets to mark messages or to form conversations, they provide an additional path to connect semantically related words. In this paper, treating tweets as semi structured texts, we propose a novel topic model, denoted as Hashtag Graphbased Topic Model (HGTM) to discover topics of tweets. By utilizing hashtag relation information in hashtag graphs, HGTM is able to discover word semantic relations even if words are not co occurred within a specific tweet. With this method, HGTM successfully alleviates the sparsity problem. Our investigation illustrates that the user contributed hashtags could serve as weakly supervised information for topic modeling, and the relation between hashtags could reveal latent semantic relation between words. We evaluate the effectiveness of HGTM on tweet (hashtag) clustering and hashtag classification problems. Experiments on two real world tweet data sets show that HGTM has strong capability to handle sparseness and noise problem in tweets. Furthermore, HGTM can discover more distinct and coherent topics than the state of the art baselines.
Anomaly Detection in Video Using Predictive Convolutional Long Short Term Memory Networks
Venue: ArXiv

Automating the detection of anomalous events within long video sequences is challenging due to the ambiguity of how such events are defined. We approach the problem by learning generative models that can identify anomalies in videos using limited supervision. We propose end to end trainable composite Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (Conv LSTM) networks that are able to predict the evolution of a video sequence from a small number of input frames. Regularity scores are derived from the reconstruction errors of a set of predictions with abnormal video sequences yielding lower regularity scores as they diverge further from the actual sequence over time. The models utilize a composite structure and examine the effects of conditioning in learning more meaningful representations. The best model is chosen based on the reconstruction and prediction accuracy. The Conv LSTM models are evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, demonstrating competitive results on anomaly detection datasets. Conv LSTM units are shown to be an effective tool for modeling and predicting video sequences.
Persistent Postoperative Pain: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention
Venue: Female pelvic medicine reconstructive surgery

Persistent postoperative pain (PPOP) is the second most common reason for a patient to seek care at a chronic pain center. Many of the patients seen with prolapse or incontinence are at risk for developing PPOP as a result of the surgeries done for these problems. The pathophysiology of this disabling pain disorder is well understood, and the risk factors are easy to identify. Once identified, perioperative interventions can be offered to attempt to prevent PPOP.  Evaluation of articles obtained using a MEDLINE search involving chronic pain and PPOP, including prevalence, pathophysiology, and prevention was reviewed. The concept of central censitization and the key role it plays in chronic pain disorders were also reviewed. A history of chronic pain (anywhere) as well as findings of levator myalgia, allodynia, and hypertonic pelvic floor disorders is critical in identifying patients at risk for PPOP.  Identification of patients at risk allows the clinician to educate the patient about the risk of PPOP and the various perioperative interventions that can be used to prevent its development. Further studies will be required to determine how effective these interventions are in patients undergoing surgery for incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse.
Reclamation's Empirical Method for Estimating Life Loss Due to Dam Failure

The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) estimates life loss resulting from dam failure in support of dam safety risk analysis. To estimate life loss, Reclamation relies primarily on an empirical methodology which is tied to the interpretation of case histories of dam failures and other types of flood disaster events. The method is known as Reclamation's Consequences Estimation Methodology, or RCEM. RCEM is a revision to an empirical method used by Reclamation since 1999, for which the case history database has been substantially expanded. Case histories, which come from dam failures, flash flood and coastal flooding events, are the basis for data points used in the estimation of fatality rates. Reclamation's RCEM methodology employs a graphical approach for the selection of fatality rates based on ranges of DV (depth multiplied by velocity) and warning time. DV is used to quantify the intensity of flooding and can be related to lethality. The RCEM methodology is in many ways similar to Reclamation's previous method, DSO 99 06. However, the new method requires greater application of judgment when selecting fatality rates. The paper will provide an overview of the new method, with emphasis on the case histories, and discussion of the importance of a team approach to life loss estimation.
Habitat fragmentation and genetic diversity in natural populations of the Bornean elephant: Implications for conservation

The Bornean elephant population in Sabah, with only 2000 individuals, is currently mainly restricted to a limited number of forest reserves. The main threats to the species' survival are population fragmentation and isolation of the existing herds. To support and help monitor future conservation and management measures, we assessed the genetic diversity and population structure of Bornean elephants using mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Our results confirmed a previously reported lack of mitochondrial control region diversity, characterized by a single widespread haplotype. However, we found low but significant degree of genetic differentiation among populations and marked variation in genetic diversity with the other two types of markers among Bornean elephants. Microsatellite data showed that Bornean elephants from the Lower Kinabatangan and North Kinabatangan ranges are differentiated and perhaps isolated from the main elephant populations located in the Central Forest and Tabin Wildlife Reserve. The pairwise FST values between these sites ranged from 0.08 to 0.14 (p
Response of a small felid of conservation concern to habitat fragmentation
Venue: Biodiversity and Conservation

Habitat loss and fragmentation are major drivers of biodiversity loss. A key question, particularly relevant to carnivore conservation, is to which extent species are able to survive in human modified landscapes. Currently, conservationists are concerned about the impact habitat fragmentation may have on the long term persistence of the forest dwelling guina (Leopardus guigna) given the increasingly modified landscapes in which they live. Here we evaluate the effect habitat cover, fragmentation and anthropogenic pressure have on the occupancy probability for guinas in privately owned forest fragments. We collected camera trap data from 100 temperate rainforest sites in Chile and used single season occupancy modeling to evaluate the influence of 13 parameters of landscape structure/anthropogenic pressure and four parameters of detection probability on the ocurrence of guinas. The camera trap survey data comprised 4168 camera trap days and 112 independent records of guinas. Surprisingly, fragmented (defined as having a high perimeter to area ratio) and moderately sized habitat patches best predicted site occupancy. Occupancy also increased where habitat patches were closer to continuous forest and nearer to buildings. Our results imply that guinas can benefit from a high degree of edge type habitats in fragmented landscapes, capable of adapting to habitat fragmentation in the proximity to large continuous forest patches. This suggests that guinas have a broader niche than previously believed. Additionally, the guina is tolerant of human infrastructure. Further research is required to identify potential ecological traps, long term source sink dynamics, and the habitat loss/fragmentation threshold beyond which guina populations are no longer viable.
Development and implementation of an online clinical pathway for adult chronic kidney disease in primary care: a mixed methods study
Venue: BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

BackgroundPrimary care physicians and other primary health care professionals from Alberta, Canada identified a clinical pathway as a potential tool to facilitate uptake of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, management and referral of adults with chronic kidney disease. We describe the development and implementation of a chronic kidney disease clinical pathway (CKD CP; www.ckdpathway.ca).MethodsThe CKD CP was developed and implemented based on the principles of the Knowledge To Action Cycle framework. We used a mixed methods approach to identify the usability and feasibility of the CKD CP. This included individual interviews, an online survey and website analytics, to gather data on barriers and facilitators to use, perceived usefulness and characteristics of users. Results are reported using conventional qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsEighteen individual interviews were conducted with primary care physicians, nephrologists, pharmacists and nurse practitioners to identify themes reflecting both barriers and facilitators to integrating the CKD CP into clinical practice. Themes identified included: communication, work efficiency and confidence. Of the 159 participants that completed the online survey, the majority (52 were first time CKD CP users. Among those who had previously used the CKD CP, 94 agreed or strongly agreed that the pathway was user friendly, provided useful information and increased their knowledge and confidence in the care of patients with CKD. Between November 2014 and July 2015, the CKD CP website had 10,710 visits, 67 of which were new visitors. The 3 most frequently visited web pages were home, diagnose and medical management. Canada, Indonesia and the United States were the top 3 countries accessing the website during the 9 month period.ConclusionsAn interactive, online, point of care tool for primary care providers can be developed and implemented to assist in the care of patients with CKD. Our findings are important for making refinements to the CKD CP website via ongoing discussions with end users and the development team, along with continued dissemination using multiple strategies.
A numerical study on various pin fin shaped surface air oil heat exchangers for an aero gas turbine engine

In this study, the performance of a surface air oil heat exchanger for an aero gas turbine engine having plate and pin fin shaped geometries was investigated numerically. Basic heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics were examined using a simplified channel model. Performance of pin shaped fins is compared with that of the plate fin as a baseline. Using a parametric study, optimal fin pitches of the pin fin geometries in stream and span wise directions were determined. Finally, the high speed bypass effect of the surface air oil heat exchanger was calculated using the geometry of a real engine. Aero thermal performance for such as the heat transfer rate, pressure drop along the bypass stream of the engine, and distorted velocity boundary layer profiles, were evaluated quantitatively. The entropy generation rate due to the surface air oil heat exchanger is summarized to assess the irreversibility loss inside the bypass stream and the cooler region.
Analysis of Eight Data Mining Algorithms for Smarter Internet of Things (IoT)
Venue: EUSPN/ICTH

Internet of Things (IoT) is set to revolutionize all aspects of our lives. The number of objects connected to IoT is expected to reach 50 billion by 2020, giving rise to an enormous amounts of valuable data. The data collected from the IoT devices will be used to understand and control complex environments around us, enabling better decision making, greater automation, higher efficiencies, productivity, accuracy, and wealth generation. Data mining and other artificial intelligence methods would play a critical role in creating smarter IoTs, albeit with many challenges. In this paper, we examine the applicability of eight well known data mining algorithms for IoT data. These include, among others, the deep learning artificial neural networks (DLANNs) which build a feed forward multi layer artificial neural network (ANN) for modelling high level data abstractions. Our preliminary results on three real IoT datasets show that C4.5 and C5.0 have better accuracy, are memory efficient and have relatively higher processing speeds. ANNs and DLANNs can provide highly accurate results but are computationally expensive.