nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
OpenCV Based Disease Identification of Mango Leaves

This paper aims in classifying and identifying the diseases of mango leaves for Indian agriculture. K means algorithm is chosen for the disease segmentation, and the disease classification and identification is carried out using the SVM classifier. Disease identification based on analysis of patches or discoloring of leaf will hold good for some of the plant diseases, but some other diseases which will deform the leaf shape cannot be identified based on the same method. In this case leaf shape based disease identification has to be performed. Based on this analysis two topics are addressed in this research paper. (1) Disease identification using the OpenCV libraries (2) Leaf shape based disease identification. Keywordk means,Principal Component Analysis (PCA) feature extraction, shape detection, disease identification, Elliptic fourier analysis, Support Vector Machine(SVM) Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Community software for challenging isotope analysis: First applications of 'Easotope' to clumped isotopes.
Venue: Rapid communications in mass spectrometry RCM

The measurement of complex isotope systems, notably the multiply substituted isotopologues of CO2 derived from carbonates, is challenging from a mass spectrometric point of view, but it is also time consuming and difficult from a data reduction and normalization perspective. Dedicated software often lags behind and currently limits fast, reliable and reproducible data analysis and inter laboratory reproducibility.  We have developed new community software 'Easotope' using Java and the Eclipse framework. The objectives were to reduce and normalize complex isotopic data easily using a program that could run on multiple platforms, with a central database to store data and constants, an open architecture giving end users a complete view of the data processing steps, and a permissions system allowing the administrator to empower each user in proportion to their expertise.  Easotope is now freely available to download, and comprises both a server and a client executable. The server can be run either on a remote machine accessible via the internet, or on a localhost. The client allows users to access the server, and to enter and manipulate data. Easotope currently supports full data storage, data processing and data normalization for bulk isotopes of carbon and oxygen, and for clumped isotopes.  Easotope greatly simplifies data processing, reducing processing time to less than a second compared with 30 min when done manually. The software also ensures consistency in data reduction and normalization both within a laboratory and between laboratories. Easotope is designed with the ability to implement other isotopic systems in the future.
Overexpression of pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic genes affects l sorbose production in Gluconobacter oxydans WSH 003

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a cofactor of various membrane bound dehydrogenases. The amount of endogenous PQQ is generally regarded as a bottleneck to achieving higher catalytic efficiency of PQQ dependent dehydrogenases. Proteins that biosynthesize PQQ in Gluconobacter oxydans WSH 003 are encoded by the pqqABCDE gene cluster and the tldD gene. In this study, PQQ overproduction in G. oxydans was attempted by overexpressing PQQ biosynthetic genes using the promoter of pqqA and the elongation factor TU (tufB) Overexpression of each single gene could enhance PQQ biosynthesis except for the tldD gene. Overexpression of pqqA, pqqB, pqqC, pqqD and pqqE with the pqqA promoter enhanced the extracellular PQQ concentration by 38.5% 68.4% 19.9% 30.3% and 8.2% respectively, whereas production was enhanced by 59.4% 85.7% 30.9% 42.2% and 19.3% respectively, using the tufB promoter. In addition, the results show that PQQ biosynthesis could be enhanced by overexpressing some of the individual genes in the gene cluster in G. oxydans and the PQQ levels were positively correlated with the efficiency of conversion of d sorbitol to l sorbose. The results demonstrated that cofactor engineering of PQQ in G. oxydans is beneficial for enhancing the production of quinoprotein related products.
The genetic relationship between cannabis and tobacco cigarette use in European and African American female twins and siblings.
Venue: Drug and alcohol dependence

Use of cigarettes and cannabis frequently co occurs. We examine the role of genetic and environmental influences on variation in and covariation between tobacco cigarette and cannabis use across European American (EA) and African American (AA) women.  Data on lifetime cannabis and cigarette use were drawn from interviews of 956 AA and 3557 EA young adult female twins and non twin same sex female full siblings. Twin modeling was used to decompose variance in and covariance between cigarette and cannabis use into additive genetic, shared, special twin and non shared environmental sources.  Cigarette use was more common in EAs (75.3% 95% C.I. 73.8 76.7% than AAs (64.2% 95% C.I. 61.2 67.2% while cannabis use was marginally more commonly reported by AAs (55.5% 95% C.I. 52.5 58.8% than EAs (52.4% 95% C.I. 50.7 54.0% Additive genetic factors were responsible for 43 66% of the variance in cigarette and cannabis use. Broad shared environmental factors (shared+special twin) played a more significant role in EA (23 29% than AA (2 15% women. In AA women, the influence of non shared environment was more pronounced (42 45% vs. 11 19% in EA women) There was strong evidence for the same familial influences underlying use of both substances (rA=0.82 0.89; rC+T=0.70 0.75) Non shared environmental factors were also correlated but less so (rE=0.48 0.66) No racial/ethnic differences were apparent in these sources of covariation.  Heritability of cigarette and cannabis use is comparable across racial/ethnic groups. Differences in the contribution of shared and non shared environmental influences indicate that different factors may shape substance use in EA and AA women.
Personality, Humor Styles and Happiness: Happy People Have Positive Humor Styles
Venue: Europe's journal of psychology

The present study examined the relationships between four personality traits, humor styles, and happiness. Replicating previous research, happiness was positively correlated with four personality traits: extraversion, locus of control, self esteem, and optimism. Further, happiness positively related to self enhancing and affiliative humor styles; it related negatively to self defeating and aggressive humor styles. Thus, happy people habitually engage in positive uses of humor and avoid engaging in negative uses of humor in daily life. We also found support for our hypothesis. People high in extraversion, locus of control, self esteem, and optimism are happier because they engage in positive humor in daily life.
Cognitive Distortions, Humor Styles, and Depression
Venue: Europe's journal of psychology

Cognitive distortions are negative biases in thinking that are theorized to represent vulnerability factors for depression and dysphoria. Despite the emphasis placed on cognitive distortions in the context of cognitive behavioural theory and practice, a paucity of research has examined the mechanisms through which they impact depressive symptomatology. Both adaptive and maladaptive styles of humor represent coping strategies that may mediate the relation between cognitive distortions and depressive symptoms. The current study examined the correlations between the frequency and impact of cognitive distortions across both social and achievement related contexts and types of humor. Cognitive distortions were associated with reduced use of adaptive Affiliative and Self Enhancing humor styles and increased use of maladaptive Aggressive and Self Defeating humor. Reduced use of Self Enhancing humor mediated the relationship between most types of cognitive distortions and depressed mood, indicating that distorted negative thinking may interfere with an individual's ability to adopt a humorous and cheerful outlook on life (i.e. use Self Enhancing humor) as a way of regulating emotions and coping with stress, thereby resulting in elevated depressive symptoms. Similarly, Self Defeating humor mediated the association of the social impact of cognitive distortions with depression, such that this humor style may be used as a coping strategy for dealing with distorted thinking that ultimately backfires and results in increased dysphoria.
Planning's "Failure" to Ensure Efficient Market Delivery: A Lacanian Deconstruction of this Neoliberal Scapegoating Fantasy

Our neoliberal governance model places a burden on planning to often take "responsibility" for the failure of market lead governance to deliver its policy promises of betterment, security and future enjoyment. These include promised, but often unachievable policies, such as those of increased global competitiveness for areas of structural economic decline; or housing affordability in areas of population growth and constrained land availability. Resultant policy failures then result in a scapegoating response where planning is held responsible. Examples include that economic development, or housing affordability, is obstructed by planning impediments, such as regulatory controls or process delays, which are claimed to hamper efficient market delivery. To deconstruct this neoliberal fantasy that planning often impedes policies for market lead success, the article will first document exemplars of this scapegoating process. It will then explore the role of fantasy and ideology in governance policy formulation and, from a Lacanian perspective, the theorization that underlies this process. Then, it will investigate the role of the "scapegoat" for public policy facilitation so as to explain why planning is often placed in this role, and why this role is often ideologically necessary, at least for neoliberal governance, when planning undertaking its statutory responsibility of facilitating the public interest.
A low cost FPGA based SVM classifier for melanoma detection
Venue: 2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES)

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are common machine learning tools with accurate classification. Hardware implementation of SVM classifiers for real time applications can improve their computing performance and reduce power consumption. This study aims to develop a real time embedded classifier to be implemented on a low cost handheld device dedicated for early detection of melanoma. Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, which is responsible for the majority of skin cancer related deaths. Therefore, the proposed device would be very beneficial in the primary care. In this paper, a hardware design is proposed to implement a linear binary SVM classifier in an FPGA targeting online melanoma classification. A recent hybrid Zynq platform is used for the implementation of the proposed system designed using the latest High Level Synthesis design methodology. The implemented system demonstrates high performance, low hardware resources utilization and low power consumption that meet vital embedded systems constraints.
Dioscin alleviates dimethylnitrosamine induced acute liver injury through regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation.
Venue: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

In our previous study, the effects of dioscin against alcohol carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen induced liver damage have been found. However, the activity of it against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) induced acute liver injury remained unknown. In the present study, dioscin markedly decreased serum ALT and AST levels, significantly increased the levels of SOD, GSH Px, GSH, and decreased the levels of MDA, iNOS and NO. Mechanism study showed that dioscin significantly decreased the expression levels of IL 1b, IL 6, TNF a, IkBa, p50 and p65 through regulating TLR4/MyD88 pathway to rehabilitate inflammation. In addition, dioscin markedly up regulated the expression levels of SIRT1, HO 1, NQO1, GST and GCLM through increasing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 against oxidative stress. Furthermore, dioscin significantly decreased the expression levels of FasL, Fas, p53, Bak, Caspase 3/9, and upregulated Bcl 2 level through decreasing IRF9 level against apoptosis. In conclusion, dioscin showed protective effect against DMN induced acute liver injury via ameliorating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, which should be developed as a new candidate for the treatment of acute liver injury in the future.
L'orthographe telle qu'elle s'enseigne analyse contrastee de deux seances en classe ordinaire sur l'enseignement de l'accord sujet verbe

L'enseignement de l'orthographe est un sujet sensible, avec une baisse sans cesse soulignee du niveau des eleves francais pour la notion d'accord. L'enseignant doit faire face a des difficultes linguistiques, liees au caractere systemique de l'orthographe francaise et a son opacite, et a des difficultes psycholinguistiques, l'accord en nombre etant un processus cognitif complexe, avec des difficultes accrues selon la position des mots dans la phrase. Notre choix de travailler sur <l'orthographe telle qu'elle s'enseigne rejoint les recherches qui, depuis quelques annees, se sont attachees a documenter les pratiques en situation effective de classe. Notre etude souhaite etudier d'une part comment l'orthographe s'enseigne en classe ordinaire, et d'autre part si les resultats de recherche quant aux dispositifs innovants ont un impact sur ces classes observees. Pour repondre a cela, notre recherche decrit et analyse la pratique de deux enseignants de cycle3 en classe ordinaire, a travers l'etude contrastee de deux seances filmees sur l'enseignement de l'accord sujet verbe. Nous relevons les modes d'elaboration et de transposition didactique choisis par ces enseignants, grace a l'analyse des choix effectues et des interactions en classe. Nous degageons alors quelques caracteristiques saillantes de l'enseignement de l'accord sujet/verbe.
Le role des exemples en francais dans la reflexion linguistique de Ferdinand de Saussure

L'annee 2016 marque, on le sait, le centieme anniversaire de la parution du Cours de linguistique generale de Ferdinand de Saussure (CLG) Mais le hasard veut qu'elle corresponde aussi au vingtieme anniversaire de la decouverte, dans l'orangerie de l'hotel familial a Geneve, de documents autographes jusqu'alors inconnus (ELG Saussure 2002, SL Saussure 2011) Bien que fragmentaires et d'interpretation delicate, ces manuscrits, notamment ceux connus sous le titre De l'essence double du langage, ont apporte un eclairage nouveau sur la pensee linguistique de Saussure ils ont prive de legitimite, sur des points importants, le contenu du CLG edite par Bally et Sechehaye. Dans ce contexte epistemologique peu banal, quels enseignements la linguistique et l'etude descriptive d'une langue comme le francais peuvent elles encore puiser, voire (re)decouvrir, dans la pensee de Saussure sur le langage Tel est le theme que je developperai dans le cadre de cette etude, m'associant ainsi aux bilans entrepris un peu partout en cette periode anniversaire. L'objectif sera double. D'une part, il s'agira de rappeler le role que jouent les exemples en francais dans la reflexion linguistique de Saussure, apprehendee dans les textes autographes ou a travers les notes d'etudiants inspiratrices du CLG sans omettre les exemples ecartes a tort par Bally et Sechehaye. D'autre part, il s'agira de revisiter, a la faveur de cet examen, quelques notions ou dualites d'usage commun, intimement liees au nom de Saussure, mais maniees souvent aujourd'hui de maniere reductrice, et sans que l'impact scientifique en ait ete pleinement mesure. Par le prisme des arguments tires du francais, il sera ainsi question du principe de differentialite, de ses incidences sur le calcul du sens, des problemes associes a la notion d'identite diachronique, du statut de la parole par rapport a la langue des relations entre linguistique externe et linguistique interne.
Blockchain for the Internet of Things: A systematic literature review
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA)

In the Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, the block chain and, in general, Peer to Peer approaches could play an important role in the development of decentralized and dataintensive applications running on billion of devices, preserving the privacy of the users. Our research goal is to understand whether the blockchain and Peer to Peer approaches can be employed to foster a decentralized and private by design IoT. As a first step in our research process, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review on the blockchain to gather knowledge on the current uses of this technology and to document its current degree of integrity, anonymity and adaptability. We found 18 use cases of blockchain in the literature. Four of these use cases are explicitly designed for IoT. We also found some use cases that are designed for a private by design data management. We also found several issues in the integrity, anonymity and adaptability. Regarding anonymity, we found that in the blockchain only pseudonymity is guaranteed. Regarding adaptability and integrity, we discovered that the integrity of the blockchain largely depends on the high difficulty of the Proof of Work and on the large number of honest miners, but at the same time a difficult Proof of Work limits the adaptability. We documented and categorized the current uses of the blockchain, and provided a few recommendations for future work to address the above mentioned issues.
PCB solder pad inspection mechanism using gerber file
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP)

With the explosion in the electronics market, PCB manufacturing has taken a very important place. The manufacturers use Gerber file as the only reference for PCB drawing since it gives the most accurate details of the solder pads to be etched on the PCB. Due to this feature of the Gerber file, we are using it in our proposal of PCB inspection mechanism. Gerber is a text file specifying the shape, dimensions and coordinates of the solder pads. Firstly, it is parsed so that these details could be extracted. From this information, the locations are tracked on the PCB image captured and the corresponding solder pad is cropped. The amount of solder paste applied is calculated by computing the area covered by the solder pad. Correspondingly, the ideal area, as given by the Gerber file is found out. Upon comparison of these two areas, the various PCB defects like deficient, excessive can be found out. Displacement faults are found out by calculating the centroid of the different solder pads on the PCB and comparing with the locations given by Gerber.
Multi Stride Decision Trie for IP Address Lookup

Multi bit tries have been proposed to improve the search performance of a binary trie by providing flexibility in stride values, which identify the number of bits examined at a time. However, constructing a variable stride multi bit trie is challenging since it is not easy to determine a proper stride value that satisfies the required performance at each node. The aim of this paper is to identify several desired characteristics of a trie for IP address lookup problems, and to propose a multi stride decision trie that has these characteristics. Simulation results using actual routing sets with about 30,000 to 220,000 prefixes show that the proposed multi stride decision trie has the desired characteristics and achieves IP address lookup using 33% to 47% of the 2 bit trie in the average number of node accesses, while requiring a smaller amount of memory.
Lattice Boltzmann method study of bga bump arrangements on void formation
Venue: Microelectron. Reliab.

This paper studies effects of different bump orientations on the void formation using Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based software. Prediction of air void is vital typically at the onset of reflow soldering which could reduce the reliability of the mold cavity. The effect of variations in pressure and velocity of the mold during flow on the formation of air voids are investigated for three different ball grid array (BGA) orientations namely perimeter, middle empty and full. The findings identified the predicted locations of void formation during the underfill encapsulation process. It was shown that middle empty orientation has the highest potential of void formation typically towards the end of mold flow as a result of low pressure and high velocity flow. In addition, using high bond number and high viscosity material could further reduce the air void formation.
Robust parameter design for the micro BGA stencil printing process using a fuzzy logic based Taguchi method
Venue: Appl. Soft Comput.

Display Omitted The stencil printing parameters for a micro BGA package were robustly optimized.Three optimization methods were compared to find the best stencil printing parameter set.The three methods provide satisfactory performance compared to the mass production.The proposed fuzzy based Taguchi method outperforms the other two methodologies.Taguchi fuzzy method improves the outputs of paste volume and centroid by 23.27% and 27.47% Solder paste is the main soldering material used to form strong solder joints between printed circuit boards (PCB) and surface mount devices in the surface mount assembly (SMA) On average 60% of end of line soldering defects can be attributed to inadequate performance of solder paste stencil printing. Recently, lead free solder paste has been adopted by electronics manufacturers in compliance with the RoHS directive. However, soldering defects in the ball grid array (BGA) packages used in lead free SMA have become more prevalent and are difficult to detect. In this study, a fuzzy logic based Taguchi method is proposed to optimize the fine pitch stencil printing process with multiple quality characteristics for the micro ball grid array (micro BGA) packages using a lead free solder paste. A structured data set is first collected from an L18 (21?37) fractional factorial design experiment, followed by multi response optimizations and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for identifying significant factors. The optimization performance gained by the proposed fuzzy logic based Taguchi method is compared with the results of other two hybrid methods including a combination of neural networks and genetic algorithms, and the integration of the response surface methodology with a desirability function. The confirmation experiments show that the proposed fuzzy logic based Taguchi method outperforms the other two methods in terms of the signal to noise ratios and process capability index.
In Situ Warpage Characterization of BGA Packages with Solder Balls Attached During Reflow with 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
Venue: 2016 IEEE 66th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC)

The decreasing size of solder joints leaves limited tolerance of allowable warpage range for successful assembly. Understanding the electronic packages' behavior during the reflow process becomes one of the most important tasks in developing assembly process and assuring reliability. Three dimensional (3D) digital image correlation (DIC) plays an important role in quantifying warpage of BGA packages under thermal loading. To measure warpage of the substrate surface of a BGA package, conventional 3D DIC technique requires removing the solder balls, which takes the risk of damaging the solder mask surface and influences on measurement accuracy. Three parameters of 3D DIC (camera angle, facet size and facet step) are studied on the effects of data integrity and accuracy to realize warpage measurement while solder balls are attached to the packages. This method introduces novel settings of these parameters compared to current 3D DIC requirements, and summarizes a guidance for implementing nondestructive warpage measurement with different sizes of solder balls and camera resolutions.