nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Community composition and activity of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria in the rhizosphere of salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora
Venue: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as an important nitrogen removal pathway has been investigated in intertidal marshes. However, the rhizosphere driven anammox process in these ecosystems is largely overlooked so far. In this study, the community dynamics and activities of anammox bacteria in the rhizosphere and non rhizosphere sediments of salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora (a widely distributed plant in estuaries and intertidal ecosystems) were investigated using clone library analysis, quantitative PCR assay, and isotope tracing technique. Phylogenetic analysis showed that anammox bacterial diversity was higher in the non rhizosphere sediments (Scalindua and Kuenenia) compared with the rhizosphere zone (only Scalindua genus) Higher abundance of anammox bacteria was detected in the rhizosphere (6.46 x 106 1.56 x 107 copies g 1) which was about 1.5 fold higher in comparison with that in the non rhizosphere zone (4.22 x 106 1.12 x 107 copies g 1) Nitrogen isotope tracing experiments indicated that the anammox process in the rhizosphere contributed to 12 14 N2 generation with rates of 0.43 1.58 nmol N g 1 h 1, while anammox activity in the non rhizosphere zone contributed to only 4 7 N2 production with significantly lower activities (0.28 0.83 nmol N g 1 h 1) Overall, we propose that the rhizosphere microenvironment in intertidal marshes might provide a favorable niche for anammox bacteria and thus plays an important role in nitrogen cycling.
Connected Component Model for Multi Object Tracking
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

In multi object tracking, it is critical to explore the data associations by exploiting the temporal information from a sequence of frames rather than the information from the adjacent two frames. Since straightforwardly obtaining data associations from multi frames is an NP hard multi dimensional assignment (MDA) problem, most existing methods solve this MDA problem by either developing complicated approximate algorithms, or simplifying MDA as a 2D assignment problem based upon the information extracted only from adjacent frames. In this paper, we show that the relation between associations of two observations is the equivalence relation in the data association problem, based on the spatial temporal constraint that the trajectories of different objects must be disjoint. Therefore, the MDA problem can be equivalently divided into independent subproblems by equivalence partitioning. In contrast to existing works for solving the MDA problem, we develop a connected component model (CCM) by exploiting the constraints of the data association and the equivalence relation on the constraints. Based upon CCM, we can efficiently obtain the global solution of the MDA problem for multi object tracking by optimizing a sequence of independent data association subproblems. Experiments on challenging public data sets demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms the state of the art approaches.
A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) statement
Venue: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research

Prevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest Group on Falls and Fracture Prevention of the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society, in collaboration with the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics for the European Region, the European Union of Medical Specialists, and the International Osteoporosis Foundation European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people.
A comprehensive fracture prevention strategy in older adults: The European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) statement
Venue: The journal of nutrition, health aging

Prevention of fragility fractures in older people has become a public health priority, although the most appropriate and cost effective strategy remains unclear. In the present statement, the Interest Group on Falls and Fracture Prevention of the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) in collaboration with the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics for the European Region (IAGG ER) the European Union of Medical Specialists (EUMS) the International Osteoporosis Foundation European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, outlines its views on the main points in the current debate in relation to the primary and secondary prevention of falls, the diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility, and the place of combined falls and fracture liaison services for fracture prevention in older people.
Accounting for the Multiple Natures of Missing Values in Label Free Quantitative Proteomics Data Sets to Compare Imputation Strategies.
Venue: Journal of proteome research

Missing values are a genuine issue in label free quantitative proteomics. Recent works have surveyed the different statistical methods to conduct imputation and have compared them on real or simulated data sets and recommended a list of missing value imputation methods for proteomics application. Although insightful, these comparisons do not account for two important facts: (i) depending on the proteomics data set, the missingness mechanism may be of different natures and (ii) each imputation method is devoted to a specific type of missingness mechanism. As a result, we believe that the question at stake is not to find the most accurate imputation method in general but instead the most appropriate one. We describe a series of comparisons that support our views: For instance, we show that a supposedly "under performing" method (i.e. giving baseline average results) if applied at the "appropriate" time in the data processing pipeline (before or after peptide aggregation) on a data set with the "appropriate" nature of missing values, can outperform a blindly applied, supposedly "better performing" method (i.e. the reference method from the state of the art) This leads us to formulate few practical guidelines regarding the choice and the application of an imputation method in a proteomics context.
Procrastination and Depression from a Cognitive Perspective: An Exploration of the Associations Among Procrastinatory Automatic Thoughts, Rumination, and Mindfulness

Extensive research indicates that procrastination is associated with many maladaptive outcomes including diminished performance and greater psychological distress, but the specific factors and mechanisms associated with the vulnerability of procrastinators still need to be identified. The current study examined the associations among procrastination, ruminative brooding, mindfulness, and self compassion. Procrastination was measured in terms of academic procrastination as well as a cognitive measure of procrastination examining the frequency of procrastination related automatic thoughts. In addition to the main focus on the vulnerability of procrastinators, the question of whether students with multiple vulnerabilities would be particularly at risk for depression was also assessed. A sample of 214 undergraduate students completed measures of academic procrastination, procrastination related automatic thoughts, rumination, mindfulness, self compassion, and depression. Correlational analyses showed that both procrastination measures were associated with ruminative brooding as well as reduced mindfulness and self compassion. Moderator effect tests yielded no significant interactions. Overall, our findings highlight the relevance of cognitive factors in explaining procrastination and depression. Elevated levels on measures tapping cognitive risk factors (ruminative brooding and procrastination related automatic thoughts) or a low level of protective, self relevant cognitive factors associated with resilience (mindfulness and self compassion) were related to a high level of procrastination and depression. These results imply that procrastinators might be vulnerable to depression due to the joint presence of these cognitive risk and resilience factors.
Enhanced mobility based clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT)

Thispaper introduces the enhanced mobility based clustering protocol forwireless sensor networks with mobile nodes which is further enhancement for mobility based clustering protocol. The proposed protocol is fault tolerant and reliable as sensor nodes send special packets to cluster head node when there is no data to send. Simulation results shows that the proposed protocol outperforms the mobility based clustering protocol and fault tolerant clustering protocol in terms of network lifetime and reliability.
Effect of ACP CPP Chewing Gum and Natural Chewable Products on Plaque pH, Calcium and Phosphate Concentration.
Venue: Journal of clinical and diagnostic research JCDR

Numerous epidemiological studies have documented dental caries as the major public health problems throughout the world. It is gradually increasing in the underdeveloped and developing countries especially in children due to increasing popularity of refined sugars.  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of natural chewable products (Tulsi, sesame seeds, fennel seeds, coconut) and ACP CPP chewing gum on plaque pH, calcium and phosphate concentration.  A randomized controlled trial, with a cross over study design, was conducted. Ten subjects aged 15 17 years who agreed to refrain from oral hygiene practice for 48 hours prior to the sample collection were selected for the study. The baseline plaque pH, calcium and phosphate was measured and repeated after 5 and 30 minutes. It was ensured that each study participant was subjected to all the products making an effective sample of ten subjects per product. The data was statistically analysed.  The mean pH in all the study groups increased after 5 minutes and 30 minutes compared to baseline, except for coconut group at 30 minutes and fennel group at 5 minutes. Highest increase in plaque calcium concentration was found in fennel group followed by recaldent and sesame, respectively. Whereas, the highest increase in plaque phosphate was found in recaldent group followed by sesame group and fennel group respectively.  Plant products can be effective, inexpensive, easily accessible methods of maintaining oral health. Further studies are recommended to confirm long term effects.
Surfing the Biomass Size Spectrum: Some Remarks on History, Theory, and Application

Charles Elton introduced the "pyramid of numbers" in the late 1920s, but this remarkable insight into body size dependent patterns in natural communities lay fallow until the theory of the biomass size spectrum was introduced by aquatic ecologists in the mid 1960s. They noticed that the summed biomass concentration of individual aquatic organisms was roughly constant across equal logarithmic intervals of body size from bacteria to the largest predators. These observations formed the basis for a theory of aquatic ecosystems, based on the body size of individual organisms, that revealed new insights into constraints on the structure of biological communities. In this review, we discuss the history of the biomass spectrum and the development of underlying theories. We indicate how to construct biomass spectra from sample data, explain the mathematical relations among them, show empirical examples of their various forms, and give details on how to statistically fit the most robust linear and nonlinear models
The theoretical foundations for size spectrum models of fish communities

Size spectrum models have emerged from 40 years of basic research on how body size determines individual physiology and structures marine communities. They are based on commonly accepted assumptions and have a low parameter set, making them easy to deploy for strategic ecosystem oriented impact assessment of fisheries. We describe the fundamental concepts in size based models about food encounter and the bioenergetics budget of individuals. Within the general framework, three model types have emerged that differ in their degree of complexity: the food web, the trait based, and the community models. We demonstrate the differences between the models through examples of their response to fishing and their dynamic behavior. We review implementations of size spectrum models and describe important variations concerning the functional response, whether growth is food dependent or fixed, and the density dependence imposed on the system. Finally, we discuss challenges and promising directions.
Modelling the community size spectrum: recent developments and new directions

The regularity of the community size spectrum, i.e. the fact that the total ecosystem biomass contained in logarithmically equal body size intervals remains constant, is a striking characteristic of marine ecosystems. Community size spectrum models exploit this feature to represent marine ecosystems with two measures: the slope and the intercept (height) of the community spectrum. Size spectrum models have gain popularity over time to model the properties of fish communities, whether to investigate the impact of fishing, or embedded into end to end models to investigate the impact of climate. We review the main features and state of the art developments in the domain of continuous size spectrum models. The community spectrum emerges from a balance between size selective predation, growth and biomass dissipation. Further to these basic components, reproduction and various causes of mortality have been introduced in recent studies to increase the model's realism or simply close the mass budget of the spectrum. These different processes affect the stability of the spectrum and affect the predictions of the size spectrum models. A few models have also introduced a representation of life history traits in the community size spectrum. This allows accounting for the diversity of energy pathways in food webs and for the fact that metabolism is both size and species specific. The community level metabolism therefore depends on the species composition of the community. The size spectrum's regularity at the community level can serve as a conceptual basis for building theories of marine ecosystems' functioning. It is also used as indicator of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. The mechanistic nature of size spectrum models as well as their simple and aggregated representation of complex systems makes them good candidates as a strategic management tool. For instance, for testing the impact of different fishing management actions or for projecting marine ecosystem's states under various climate change scenarios.
Dragon kings of the deep sea: marine particles deviate markedly from the common number size spectrum
Venue: Scientific reports

Particles are the major vector for the transfer of carbon from the upper ocean to the deep sea. However, little is known about their abundance, composition and role at depths greater than 2000 m. We present the first number size spectrum of bathy and abyssopelagic particles to a depth of 5500 m based on surveys performed with a custom made holographic microscope. The particle spectrum was unusual in that particles of several millimetres in length were almost 100 times more abundant than expected from the number spectrum of smaller particles, thereby meeting the definition of "dragon kings." Marine snow particles overwhelmingly contributed to the total particle volume (95 98% Approximately 1/3 of the particles in the dragon king size domain contained large amounts of transparent exopolymers with little ballast, which likely either make them neutrally buoyant or cause them to sink slowly. Dragon king particles thus provide large volumes of unique microenvironments that may help to explain discrepancies in deep sea biogeochemical budgets.
The effects of seasonal processes on size spectrum dynamics

The recent advent of dynamic size spectrum models has allowed the analysis of life processes in marine ecosystems to be carried out without the high complexity arising from interspecies interactions within dense food webs. In this paper, we use "mizer" a size spectrum modelling framework, to investigate the consequences of including the seasonal processes of plankton blooms and batch spawning in the model dynamics. A multispecies size spectrum model is constructed using 12 common North Sea fish species, with growth, predation, and mortality explicitly modelled, before simulating both seasonal plankton blooms and batch spawning of fish (using empirical data on the spawning patterns of each species) The effect of seasonality on the community size spectrum is investigated; it is found that with seasonal processes included, the species spectra are more varied over time, while the aggregated community spectrum remains fairly similar. Growth of seasonally spawning mature individuals drops significantly during peak reproduction, although lifetime growth curves follow nonseasonal ones closely. On analysing properties of the community spectrum under different fishing scenarios, seasonality generally causes more varied spectrum slopes and lower yields. Under seasonal conditions, increasing fishing effort also results in greater temporal variability of fisheries yields due to truncation of the community spectrum towards smaller sizes. Further work is needed to evaluate robustness of management strategies in the context of a wider range of seasonal processes and behavioural strategies, as well as longer term environmental variability and change.
Monitoring social media: Summarization, classification and recommendation

In this dissertation, we continue previous research on understanding social media documents along three lines: summarization, classification and recommendation. Our first line of work is the summarization of social media documents. Considering the task of time aware tweets summarization, we first focus on the problem of selecting meaningful tweets given a user's interests and propose a dynamic latent factor model. Thereafter, given a set of opinionated documents, we address the task of summarizing contrastive themes by selecting meaningful sentences to represent contrastive themes in those documents. A viewpoint is a triple consisting of an entity, a topic related to this entity and sentiment towards this topic. In this thesis, we also propose the task of multi viewpoint summarization of multilingual social text streams, by monitoring viewpoints for a running topic and selecting a small set of informative documents. Our second line of work concerns hierarchical multi label classification. Hierarchical multi label classification assigns a document to multiple hierarchical labels. Here, we focus on hierarchical multi label classification of social text streams, in which we propose a structured learning framework to classify a short text from a social text stream to multiple classes from a predefined hierarchy. Based on a viewpoint extraction model that we propose as part of a multi viewpoint summarization task, our third line of work applies a latent factor model for predicting item ratings that uses user opinions and social relations to generate explanations.
Evaluating link based recommendations for Wikipedia
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACM Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL)

Literature recommender systems support users in filtering the vast and increasing number of documents in digital libraries and on the Web. For academic literature, research has proven the ability of citation based document similarity measures, such as Co Citation (CoCit) or Co Citation Proximity Analysis (CPA) to improve recommendation quality. In this paper, we report on the first large scale investigation of the performance of the CPA approach in generating literature recommendations for Wikipedia, which is fundamentally different from the academic literature domain. We analyze links instead of citations to generate article recommendations. We evaluate CPA, CoCit, and the Apache Lucene MoreLikeThis (MLT) function, which represents a traditional text based similarity measure. We use two datasets of 779,716 and 2.57 million Wikipedia articles, the Big Data processing framework Apache Flink, and a ten node computing cluster. To enable our large scale evaluation, we derive two quasi gold standards from the links in Wikipedia's "See also" sections and a comprehensive Wikipedia clickstream dataset. Our results show that the citation based measures CPA and CoCit have complementary strengths compared to the text based MLT measure. While MLT performs well in identifying narrowly similar articles that share similar words and structure, the citation based measures are better able to identify topically related information, such as information on the city of a certain university or other technical universities in the region. The CPA approach, which consistently outperformed CoCit, is better suited for identifying a broader spectrum of related articles, as well as popular articles that typically exhibit a higher quality. Additional benefits of the CPA approach are its lower runtime requirements and its language independence that allows for a cross language retrieval of articles. We present a manual analysis of exemplary articles to demonstrate and discuss our findings. The raw data and source code of our study, together with a manual on how to use them, are openly available at: https:/github.com/wikimedia/citolytics.
Carl Schmitt and anti Semitism

Th e paper is concerned with one of the most problematic aspects of the political thought of Carl Schmitt. It shows that to evaluate Schmitt's anti Semitism, which became prominent in his work after 1933, one needs to take into consideration the German Catholic milieu at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Th us defi ned, the anti Semitism cannot be seen as racially based. Th e paper also shows that the works created during the period of the Weimar Republic can be regarded as implicitly anti Semitic, especially in view of the theory of the partisan and the critique of normativism. It is from these viewpoints that Schmitt's controversial involvement in Nazi Germany can be interpreted.
Protection of Buildings in the Vicinity of Transmission Towers Against Potential Rise Above the Ground Electrode Study Case
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

This paper deals with those measures against overvoltage taken when protecting buildings occupied by people or animals. Such overvoltages can appear in the case of ground fault if the grounding system of the building is located within a potential funnel of a transmission tower's grounding system. This paper presents an entire concept regarding protection against any potential rise within the building. Computations of electrical potential on the grounding system having been performed using data obtained by measurements. This includes equipotential bonding, overvoltage protection of the building, and a transformer substation with metal oxide varistors and gas discharge arresters installed on the low voltage line. A simulation model for the entire overvoltage protection based on known mathematical models has been merged within this paper. Adequate overvoltage protection elements were selected for protection against potential rises in the grounding systems of buildings on the basis of computation results.