nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of foraging skills in two orangutan populations: needing to learn or needing to grow?
Venue: Frontiers in Zoology

BackgroundOrangutans have one of the slowest paced life histories of all mammals. Whereas life history theory suggests that the time to reach adulthood is constrained by the time needed to reach adult body size, the needing to learn hypothesis instead suggests that it is limited by the time needed to acquire adult level skills.To test between these two hypotheses, we compared the development of foraging skills and growth trajectories of immature wild orangutans in two populations: at Tuanan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Borneo, and Suaq Balimbing (Pongo abelii) Sumatra. We collected behavioral data on diet repertoire, feeding rates and ranging competence during focal follows, and estimated growth through non invasive laser photogrammetry.ResultsWe found that adult like diet repertoires are attained around the age of weaning and that female immatures increase their repertoire size faster than their male peers. Adult level feeding rates of easy techniques are reached just after weaning, but several years later for more difficult techniques, albeit always before adulthood (i.e. age at first reproduction) Independent immatures had faster feeding rates for easy to process items than their mothers, with male immatures achieving faster feeding rates earlier in development relative to females. Sumatran immatures reach adult level feeding rates 2 3 years later than their Bornean peers, in line with their higher dietary complexity and later weaning. The range use competence of independently ranging and weaned immatures is similar to that of adult females. Body size measurements showed, immatures grow until female age of first reproduction.ConclusionsIn conclusion, unlike in humans, orangutan foraging skills are in place prior to reproduction. Growth trajectories suggest that energetic constraints, rather than skills, best explain the length of immaturity. However, skill competence for dietary independence is reached later where the adult niche is more complex, which is consistent with the relatively later weaning age with increasing brain size found generally in primates, and apes in particular.
Critical Success Factors of Halal Supply Chain Management from the Perspective of Malaysian Halal Food Manufacturers

The purpose of this paper is to unveil critical success factors which are important for Halal Supply Chain Management from the perspective of Malaysian Halal Food Manufacturers. Societal Marketing concept prevailing in organizations and Halal Supply Chain Management is the practical shape by delivering value and societal value chain in complete supply chain, taking care of consumers and society's long term interests simultaneously meeting company's requirements. For this study 389 questionnaires were sent to different respondents out of which 257 we received and questionnaires were sent to Halal Food Manufacturers operating in Malaysia who involved in whole supply chain of Halal Food. For this study, data were gathered and analyzed which depicted that Halal Purchasing, Halal Food Quality and Hygiene, Halal Warehousing, Halal Logistics have positive effect and impact on Halal Supply Chain Management. This study has the implication of giving societal value chain at the same time reaping economic benefits for Malaysian Halal Food manufacturers by making all the value chain according to Shariah compliance having better quality food and hygiene for all humanity. Above depicted factors plays a significant role for Halal supply chain management. This topic is less empirically addressed, so the current analysis will contribute to develop the understanding on significant issue.
Beauty Premium and Halal Cosmetics Industry

This paper provides some insight on an unexplored most emerging sector of Islamic marketing and economy "halal cosmetics" Beauty is one of the biggest reality in this world everyone likes to look beautiful and beauty around, that's why in modern age expense on cosmetics increase. Cosmetics are articles that used to increase beauty. There are many types and categories of cosmetics. Muslims are bound to religious requirements in every sphere of life, including cosmetics, therefore, there is a big scope for halal cosmetics industry to flourish and earn the profit. It is a source of marketing expansion. Non Muslims also attract towards halal cosmetics for its natural, environmentally friendly and green ingredients. Facts and figures also show evidence that halal perspective of cosmetics is a matter of concerns for consumers, producers, manufacturers, and marketers.  Beauty premium, Religion, Halal cosmetic, Islamic marketing.
Multi objective security constrained unit commitment model considering wind power and EVs
Venue: 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC)

Due to the fossil fuel crisis and environment pollution, wind power and electric vehicle are anticipated to play a significant role in the future society. When the amount of wind power and electric vehicles (EVs) increase, it is essential to consider their impacts on power system operations and scheduling generator units. Hence, a multi objective security constrained unit commitment model considering wind power and vehicle to gird (V2G) is proposed in this paper. The lowest operating cost and the lowest pollution emission are our purposes, which can dispose the contradiction between reducing cost and protecting environment. Meanwhile, the load model of EVs is studied based on Monte Carlo simulation method, and the wind power forecasting errors are handled by fuzzy chance constrained program. Numerical simulation was conducted on the IEEE 24 bus system to demonstrate that the synergy between wind power and V2G can promote the utilization of wind power and make the power system operation more eco friendly and economical.
An Obstructive Sleep Apnea Detection Approach Using a Discriminative Hidden Markov Model From ECG Signals
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a common sleep disorder suffered by an increasing number of people worldwide. As an alternative to polysomnography (PSG) for OSA diagnosis, the automatic OSA detection methods used in the current practice mainly concentrate on feature extraction and classifier selection based on collected physiological signals. However, one common limitation in these methods is that the temporal dependence of signals are usually ignored, which may result in critical information loss for OSA diagnosis. In this study, we propose a novel OSA detection approach based on ECG signals by considering temporal dependence within segmented signals. A discriminative hidden Markov model (HMM) and corresponding parameter estimation algorithms are provided. In addition, subject specific transition probabilities within the model are employed to characterize the subject to subject differences of potential OSA patients. To validate our approach, 70 recordings obtained from the Physionet Apnea ECG database were used. Accuracies of 97.1% for per recording classification and 86.2% for per segment OSA detection with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity were achieved. Compared with other existing methods that simply ignore the temporal dependence of signals, the proposed HMM based detection approach delivers more satisfactory detection performance and could be extended to other disease diagnosis applications.
La pregunta de investigacion en la practica clinica: guia para formularla

Resumen La elaboracion sistematica de la pregunta de investigacion permite al investigador enfocar el problema, orientar los metodos y postular posibles soluciones. En la practica, todavia se observan dificultades en la formulacion del problema de investigacion. La diversidad de los escenarios clinicos, de donde resulta buena parte de las preguntas de investigacion, hace que su formulacion no se ajuste siempre a la estrategia PICO. El objetivo de este articulo es aportar una guia que facilite la formulacion de las preguntas de investigacion que surgen en la practica clinica a medicos, especialistas y personal en entrenamiento.
La pregunta como punto de partida y estrategia metodologica

El cuaderno La pregunta como punto de partida y estrategia metodologica es parte de la Caja de Herramientas para maestras y maestros Ondas. Se trata del desarrollo de la estrategia de formacion del programa para apoyar la cualificacion de aquellos y de las personas adultas que acompanan a los grupos de investigacion de ninas, ninos y jovenes en sus procesos dentro del Programa. Su entrega se ha previsto como indispensable durante la Convocatoria, para las etapas de formulacion de la pregunta investigativa y el planteamiento del problema, con el que se presentaran los grupos ante los comites departamentales correspondientes. Al finalizar su proceso con este cuaderno, maestras y maestros habran comprendido: La importancia de la pregunta como punto de partida en cualquier proceso investigativo. La necesidad de alentar y consolidar las preguntas de ninos, ninas y jovenes, puesto que son la base sobre la cual se construyen los problemas de investigacion a resolver durante el proceso. Las caracteristicas fundamentales de la pregunta de investigacion y el problema de investigacion. La elaboracion necesaria para, primero, convertir las preguntas cotidianas en preguntas de investigacion y, luego, avanzar en el planteamiento de los problemas de investigacion. La formulacion y registro permanente de sus propias preguntas durante el proceso en el que participe. Asimismo, con este cuaderno podran avanzar en la dinamica autoformativa y de formacion integrada (aprendizaje colaborativo) formulando preguntas pertinentes a su ejercicio de acompanamiento/coinvestigacion y de acompanamiento/investigacion, y buscando multiples formas de resolverlas a la largo del proceso que desarrolle en el Programa Ondas.
EL PROBLEMA DE LAS VARIANTES FRASEOLOGICAS DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA LINGUISTICA DE VARIEDADES

espanolLos trabajos sobre fraseologia aun no han podido dar con una respuesta satisfactoria a la pregunta de como establecer una diferenciacion nitida entre lo que suele llamarse, en esta area, variantes, variaciones y modificaciones de las unidades fraseologicas. Este mismo pro blema tiene su paralelo en la linguistica de variedades. Esta rama de la linguistica persigue, entre otros objetivos, la distincion y clasificacion de variedades y variantes de una lengua. Una de las cuestiones clasicas de la linguistica de variedades tiene que ver, precisamente, con la dificultad de trazar una neta separacion entre diferentes lectos, idiolecto, por un lado, y sociolecto y funciolecto, por el otro. Nuestra contribucion indaga en este parale lismo, profundizando en los solapamientos de las dos areas de estudio y en las dimensio nes teorica y terminologica del problema. Se realizara un analisis critico de los diferentes enfoques teorico metodologicos que se han presentado hasta ahora en ambos campos y se ofrecera una nueva propuesta que prestara especial atencion a la posibilidad de unir los ambitos de la fraseologia y de la linguistica de variedades para obtener una solucion al dificil problema de las variantes fraseologicas. EnglishPublications on phraseology have not yet given a satisfactory answer regarding the question of how to establish a clear differentiation between what in this area of research is generally called variants, variations and modifications of the so called phraseological units. This issue has certain parallels in variational linguistics (in the sense of the study of varieties of languages) This branch of linguistics aims, among other things, to distinguish and classify varieties of languages and linguistic variants. One of the classical issues dealt with in variational linguistics is related with the difficulty of tracing the separation line between different lects, that is, idiolects on the on hand, and sociolects (diastratical varieties) and functiolects (diaphasic varieties) on the other. This contribution deals with this parallelism, analyzing the overlapping of the two branches of linguistics and the related theoretical and terminological dimensions. In order to find a solution to the difficulties posed by the phraseological variation, we will carry out a critical analysis of the different models and theoretical and methodological approaches that were proposed in both fields of study in order to formulate our own proposal which takes into account the fundaments and the necessities of both fields of research.
Massively parallel lattice Boltzmann codes on large GPU clusters
Venue: Parallel Comput.

This paper describes a massively parallel code for a state of the art thermal lattice Boltzmann method. Our code has been carefully optimized for performance on one GPU and to have a good scaling behavior extending to a large number of GPUs. Versions of this code have been already used for large scale studies of convective turbulence. GPUs are becoming increasingly popular in HPC applications, as they are able to deliver higher performance than traditional processors. Writing efficient programs for large clusters is not an easy task as codes must adapt to increasingly parallel architectures, and the overheads of node to node communications must be properly handled. We describe the structure of our code, discussing several key design choices that were guided by theoretical models of performance and experimental benchmarks. We present an extensive set of performance measurements and identify the corresponding main bottlenecks; finally we compare the results of our GPU code with those measured on other currently available high performance processors. Our results are a production grade code able to deliver a sustained performance of several tens of Tflops as well as a design and optimization methodology that can be used for the development of other high performance applications for computational physics.
Factor Affecting Yields for Treasury Bills In Pakistan

Treasury bills are the financial tool that is used by the government for two purposes such as for controlling money supply in the economy and to keep the inflation rate low. The pricing of these financial tools depend upon the market forces of demand and supply. In Pakistan T bills are issued by the State Bank of Pakistan with the maturity of three, six months and also for one year. The return on bills depends upon the maturity duration of the securities. Different macroeconomic factors can influence the yield on securities. Many statistically researches had been done in this context but little work has been done in Pakistan's context. The study is conducted to check that how macroeconomic variables affect the yield of Treasury Bills. Other than the factor of maturity many other factors influence the rate of return. Most important macroeconomic variables that influence the yield are stock prices, prime lending rate, CPI and the supply of money. In this paper, the data is collected from State bank quarterly and annually reports, IMF, Karachi stock exchange and World Bank database. Normality of the data autocorrelation, multicollinearity and Heteroskedasticity were tested, that shows that data is stationary, data has no autocorrelation, data is not Heteroskedasticity. Data is taken from 1991 2015 while prime lending rate is of six months. Risk Averse Preferred Habitat Model taking term premium as explained variable given by (Heuson, 1988) Results show that the overall model is significant. Individual significance of the variables shows that only one variable CPI is significant that shows that when inflation increases it increases the yield of T bills. It is because of when rate of inflation increases the rate of interest in the economy is low and people prefer liquidity or holding cash.
The Impact of Government Debt, Expenditure and Taxes on Aggregate Investment and Productivity Growth

In this paper we evaluate empirically the impact of fiscal policy on two key determinants of long term growth, i.e. private investment and productivity growth. We mostly focus on a panel of 20 OECD economies from 1970 to 2009, although we also present some estimates based on data for 80 developing economies. Our findings suggest that high public debt adversely affects both aggregate investment spending and productivity growth, through distortions related to the size of the public sector. We also find weak evidence of some nonlinear effects on productivity, with government debt becoming more detrimental when above 85 90% of GDP in advanded economies.
Determinants of the implied equity risk premium in Brazil

This paper proposes and tests market determinants of the equity risk premium (ERP) in Brazil. We use implied ERP, based on the Elton (1999) critique. The ultimate goal of this exercise is to demonstrate that the calculation of implied, as opposed to historical ERP makes sense, because it varies, in the expected direction, with changes in fundamental market indicators. The ERP for Brazil is calculated as a mean of large samples of individual stock prices in each month in the January, 1995 to September, 2015 period, using the 'implied risk premium' approach. As determinants of changes in the ERP we obtain, as significant, and in the expected direction: changes in the CDI rate, in the country debt risk spread, in the US market liquidity premium and in the level of the S&P500. The influence of the proposed determining factors is tested with the use of time series regression analysis. The possibility of a change in that relationship with the 2008 crisis was also tested, and the results indicate that the global financial crisis had no significant impact on the nature of the relationship between the ERP and its determining factors. For comparison purposes, we also consider the same variables as determinants of the ERP calculated with average historical returns, as is common in professional practice. First, the constructed series does not exhibit any relationship to known market events. Second, the variables found to be significantly associated with historical ERP do not exhibit any intuitive relationship with compensation for market risk.
Discrete Event Behavior Based Distributed Architecture Design for Autonomous Intelligent Control of Mobile Robots with Embedded Petri Nets
Venue: Advances in Chaos Theory and Intelligent Control

This chapter presents a design methodology of discrete event distributed control architecture for autonomous mobile robot systems. A modular, behavior based distributed software architecture is presented on a hierarchical distributed microcontroller based hardware structure for intelligent control of mobile robots. Some intelligent behaviors, such as wall following, obstacle rounding, target seeking, and local environment mapping, have been implemented using sensor control modules such as multiple infrared range finding sensor modules and motion control modules to detect walls and obstacles in the surroundings of a mobile robot, based on environment features such as lines and corners estimated using a set of range sensors and a vision sensor. Upon these behavior modules, a Petri net based approach was applied to coordination of several concurrent activities of modules for the high level tasks such as sensory navigation in unknown environments. Task specification implies the definition of a control program composed of behavior commands, which are not expressed in a sequential fashion but implicating parallel processing control. The net model can be directly obtained from the system requirements specification of each particular application. Thus, the remaining levels of the control structure are common to a wide range of applications. The Petri net based approach validates the implementation of synchronization and coordination in discrete event behavior based control. Behavior modules are composed to design more complex modules according to applications. The detailed function of each control module is specialized according to the application, so that new control strategies can be easily embedded in the control modules for real time performance of robotic actions. Compared to hand written coding in robot program, because of explicit representation of robotic actions, behaviors and tasks, the system design procedure facilitates the understanding of the interaction among the different processes that might be present in the mobile robot control system. Consequently, it is easy and computationally inexpensive to design, write, and debug planned tasks. Besides it is possible to verify structural and behavioral properties of these programs owing to formal specification.
Approach to integrate episodic memory into cogency based behavior planner for robots
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC)

This paper proposes a novel scheme of integrating episodic memory into semantic memory based task planner. Task planners have taken an important role in AI research along with semantic memory to better perform tasks for robots. Episodic memory memorizes and retrieves temporal sequence of situated behaviors by which temporal relationship between behaviors can be defined. None of any research, however, has implemented it into their work for task planning. By introducing episodic memory into task planner, the temporal causal relationship between situated behaviors, which are stored in semantic memory, is taken into consideration. The integrated architecture proves its effectiveness by notably reducing the number of nodes traversed in finding solutions. Robots can reduce time complexity in solving given problems by retrieving previous memories. Deep Adaptive Resonance Theory (Deep ART) neural model and cogency based hierarchical behavior planner are used for the episodic memory and the task planner, respectively. Cogency based hierarchical behavior planner proves its capability of solving given problems in experiment with humanoid robot Mybot, and Deep ART is augmented to the planner and tested in simulations. Therefore, the contribution of this approach lies on developing a framework which takes advantage of implementing episodic memory and planner in one place.
PERFOMANCE OF ACTIVATED FLUX ASSISTED TIG PROCESS BY ANN ON SS316 MATERIAL

Gas tungsten arc welding has wide variety of application in industries due to advantages like high reliability, low cost, higher production rate. Activating flux is a concept, which is used in different welding process like GTAW, EBW and PAW. The flux ingredient which is inorganic compound (which can be used to produce deep penetration and are constriction) In the present work, at attempt has been made to use of activated Flux for improving depth to width ratio as well strength of the weld joint in thicker job requirement need for improving deep penetration in minimum pass and using ANN optimization technique getting best set of process parameter.
Optimal path planning for a mobile robot using cuckoo search algorithm
Venue: J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell.

The shortest/optimal path planning is essential for efficient operation of autonomous vehicles. In this article, a new nature inspired meta heuristic algorithm has been applied for mobile robot path planning in an unknown or partially known environment populated by a variety of static obstacles. This meta heuristic algorithm is based on the levy flight behaviour and brood parasitic behaviour of cuckoos. A new objective function has been formulated between the robots and the target and obstacles, which satisfied the conditions of obstacle avoidance and target seeking behaviour of robots present in the terrain. Depending upon the objective function value of each nest (cuckoo) in the swarm, the robot avoids obstacles and proceeds towards the target. The smooth optimal trajectory is framed with this algorithm when the robot reaches its goal. Some simulation and experimental results are presented at the end of the paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed navigational controller.