nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Semantically and Additively Compositional Distributional Representations
Venue: ACL

This paper connects a vector based composition model to a formal semantics, the Dependency based Compositional Semantics (DCS) We show theoretical evidence that the vector compositions in our model conform to the logic of DCS. Experimentally, we show that vector based composition brings a strong ability to calculate similar phrases as similar vectors, achieving near state of the art on a wide range of phrase similarity tasks and relation classification; meanwhile, DCS can guide building vectors for structured queries that can be directly executed. We evaluate this utility on sentence completion task and report a new state of the art.
A primary care intervention to improve weight in obese children: A feasibility study
Venue: Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners

Examine the effects of a primary care weight management program, which used a parent child provider collaborative negotiation intervention, among rural dwelling families with obese children. Health histories, physical examinations, fasting blood samples, interviews, and questionnaires. Feasibility of implementing a family weight management intervention in a rural primary care setting was demonstrated. Few differences between the treatment and comparison groups were found; however, more favorable trends and outcomes occurred in those who received the intervention. Positive provider patient communication in helping families with obese children make difficult lifestyle changes should be encouraged in primary care clinics as small changes in behavior can result in reducing risk and improving health outcomes.
Disruptive physician behaviors and their impact on patient care in a health insurance hospital in Alexandria, Egypt.
Venue: The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association

Disruptive behavior is the use of inappropriate words, actions, or inactions by physicians that interferes with their ability to function well with others. It is a current problem in the medical profession and has become a focus of public health attention due to its destructive impact on hospital staff, institutions, and quality patient care.  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perceptions of physicians about disruptive physician behaviors, and their frequency and impact on clinical outcomes.  This cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out in one of the hospitals of the Health Insurance Organization in Alexandria, Egypt. A self administered questionnaire based on the American College of Physician Executives and QuantiaMD Survey on disruptive physician behavior was used to measure the physicians' perceptions. It was distributed to all physicians in all the departments (n=183) The number of returned questionnaires was 120, with a response rate of 65.6%  Most of the respondents (93.3% were concerned about disruptive physician behavior, 39.2% previously had such behaviors, and 78.3% had one incident at least monthly. Most respondents (98.3% said that disruptive physician behavior affects patient care. Physicians agreed that they needed training on how to deal with disruptive behavior. The most frequent behavior was refusal to cooperate with other providers (74.2% Disruptive behavior was attributed to workload by 35% of the respondents.  Disruptive physician behaviors are common in healthcare settings, with the most frequent behavior being refusal to cooperate with other providers. Training of physicians on team dynamics, communication skills, conflict management, and stress management is highly recommended.
Interleukin 1b overproduction is a common cause for neuropathic pain, memory deficit, and depression following peripheral nerve injury in rodents
Venue: Molecular pain

Chronic pain is often accompanied by short term memory deficit and depression. Currently, it is believed that short term memory deficit and depression are consequences of chronic pain. Here, we test the hypothesis that the symptoms might be caused by overproduction of interleukin 1beta (IL 1b) in the injured nerve independent of neuropathic pain following spared nerve injury in rats and mice.  Mechanical allodynia, a behavioral sign of neuropathic pain, was not correlated with short term memory deficit and depressive behavior in spared nerve injury rats. Spared nerve injury upregulated IL 1b in the injured sciatic nerve, plasma, and the regions in central nervous system closely associated with pain, memory and emotion, including spinal dorsal horn, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Importantly, the spared nerve injury induced memory deficits, depressive, and pain behaviors were substantially prevented by peri sciatic administration of IL 1b neutralizing antibody in rats or deletion of IL 1 receptor type 1 in mice. Furthermore, the behavioral abnormalities induced by spared nerve injury were mimicked in naive rats by repetitive intravenous injection of re combinant rat IL 1b (rrIL 1b) at a pathological concentration as determined from spared nerve injury rats. In addition, microglia were activated by both spared nerve injury and intravenous injection of rrIL 1b and the effect of spared nerve injury was substantially reversed by peri sciatic administration of anti IL 1b.  Neuropathic pain was not necessary for the development of cognitive and emotional disorders, while the overproduction of IL 1b in the injured sciatic nerve following peripheral nerve injury may be a common mechanism underlying the generation of neuropathic pain, memory deficit, and depression.
We need better understanding about functional diversity and vulnerability of tropical freshwater fishes
Venue: Biodiversity and Conservation

Here we extend a discussion initiated by Toussaint et al. (Sci Rep 6:22125, 2016) concerning the relationship between global patterns of freshwater fish functional diversity (FD) and its vulnerability to human impacts. Based on a set of morphological traits, they concluded that Neotropical freshwater fishes have highest FD, but low vulnerability given high levels of functional redundancy. This conclusion implies that conservation efforts for freshwater fishes should emphasize temperate regions. This perspective is risky, because Toussaint et al.'s study seriously underestimates the full scope of FD, including important ecosystem services provided by fishes in the tropics. We briefly discuss some additional and well documented aspects of tropical freshwater fish FD and conclude that tropical fish FD is highly vulnerable.
Impacts of forest loss on inland waters: Identifying critical research zones based on deforestation rates, aquatic ecosystem services, and past research effort

Deforestation is a major threat to global aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. Regional studies are needed to understand and mitigate impacts of deforestation on local inland waters, yet such studies remain unavailable in many regions of the world where the risks of impact are high, for example in the tropics. Our goal was to identify such understudied regions by quantifying and mapping the global research need and effort on deforestation impacts on inland waters. We defined research need based on countries' deforestation rate, fish diversity, and vulnerability of human populations to freshwater ecosystem degradation, the latter estimated from water scarcity and consumption and trade of local freshwater fish. We quantified research effort by reviewing 1362 publications on deforestation and freshwater ecosystems, thereby providing the first quantitative literature review on this important conservation problem. We found that tropical countries exhibited strong overlap among deforestation, freshwater fish diversity, and vulnerability of human populations to freshwater ecosystem degradation, and therefore have high research need relative to temperate regions. However, we found that the best predictor of research effort on deforestation and aquatic systems was the size of a country's economy (indicated by gross domestic product) not research need. Finally, we uncovered a strong research bias against tropical Africa, the only extensive region of the world that has a high research need and a low research effort. This global analysis suggests that future research effort on deforestation impacts on inland waters should try to alleviate existing biases by increasing interregional cooperation and transfer of research resources to regions of high research need and/or low research effort, with a particular focus on the critical research zone that is tropical Africa.
Impacts of Dams and Global Warming on Fish Biodiversity in the Indo Burma Hotspot
Venue: PloS one

Both hydropower dams and global warming pose threats to freshwater fish diversity. While the extent of global warming may be reduced by a shift towards energy generation by large dams in order to reduce fossil fuel use, such dams profoundly modify riverine habitats. Furthermore, the threats posed by dams and global warming will interact: for example, dams constrain range adjustments by fishes that might compensate for warming temperatures. Evaluation of their combined or synergistic effects is thus essential for adequate assessment of the consequences of planned water resource developments. We made projections of the responses of 363 fish species within the Indo Burma global biodiversity hotspot to the separate and joint impacts of dams and global warming. The hotspot encompasses the Lower Mekong Basin, which is the world's largest freshwater capture fishery. Projections for 81 dam building scenarios revealed progressive impacts upon projected species richness, habitable area, and the proportion of threatened species as generating capacity increased. Projections from 126 global warming scenarios included a rise in species richness, a reduction in habitable area, and an increase in the proportion of threatened species; however, there was substantial variation in the extent of these changes among warming projections. Projections from scenarios that combined the effects of dams and global warming were derived either by simply adding the two threats, or by combining them in a synergistic manner that took account of the likelihood that habitat shifts under global warming would be constrained by river fragmentation. Impacts on fish diversity under the synergistic projections were 10 20% higher than those attributable to additive scenarios, and were exacerbated as generating capacity increased particularly if CO2 emissions remained high. The impacts of dams, especially those on river mainstreams, are likely to be greater, more predictable and more immediately pressing for fishes than the consequences of global warming. Limits upon dam construction should therefore be a priority action for conserving fish biodiversity in the Indo Burma hotspot. This would minimize synergistic impacts attributable to dams plus global warming, and help ensure the continued provision of ecosystem services represented by the Lower Mekong fishery.
Comparing Features for Classification of MEG Responses to Motor Imagery
Venue: PloS one

Motor imagery (MI) with real time neurofeedback could be a viable approach, e.g. in rehabilitation of cerebral stroke. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) noninvasively measures electric brain activity at high temporal resolution and is well suited for recording oscillatory brain signals. MI is known to modulate 10 and 20 Hz oscillations in the somatomotor system. In order to provide accurate feedback to the subject, the most relevant MI related features should be extracted from MEG data. In this study, we evaluated several MEG signal features for discriminating between left and right hand MI and between MI and rest.  MEG was measured from nine healthy participants imagining either left or right hand finger tapping according to visual cues. Data preprocessing, feature extraction and classification were performed offline. The evaluated MI related features were power spectral density (PSD) Morlet wavelets, short time Fourier transform (STFT) common spatial patterns (CSP) filter bank common spatial patterns (FBCSP) spatio spectral decomposition (SSD) and combined SSD+CSP, CSP+PSD, CSP+Morlet, and CSP+STFT. We also compared four classifiers applied to single trials using 5 fold cross validation for evaluating the classification accuracy and its possible dependence on the classification algorithm. In addition, we estimated the inter session left vs right accuracy for each subject.  The SSD+CSP combination yielded the best accuracy in both left vs right (mean 73.7% and MI vs rest (mean 81.3% classification. CSP+Morlet yielded the best mean accuracy in inter session left vs right classification (mean 69.1% There were large inter subject differences in classification accuracy, and the level of the 20 Hz suppression correlated significantly with the subjective MI vs rest accuracy. Selection of the classification algorithm had only a minor effect on the results.  We obtained good accuracy in sensor level decoding of MI from single trial MEG data. Feature extraction methods utilizing both the spatial and spectral profile of MI related signals provided the best classification results, suggesting good performance of these methods in an online MEG neurofeedback system.
Quantitative Evaluation of an Unrestrictive Sweat Rate Measurement Device

Sweating, the intermittent secretion of uid from the sweat glands, is an indispensable mechanism for the regulation of body temperature. The methods used to measure the sweat rate include an iodine starch test, a weight assay, and an ion electric conductivity method. The ventilation capsule method is another method for quanti cation of sweat rate. However, this method has a problem in that the subject's physical activity is restricted by the rmly attached measurement probes. SNT 200, a wearable sweat meter developed by Rousette Strategy Inc. is already commercially available. This sweat meter contains silica gel that serves as an absorbent for sudoriferous steam and uses a temperature humidity sensor to detect humidity changes in the device caused by sweating. However, the accuracy of the measurement has not yet been suf ciently investigated. This study was designed to provide evidence to validate the underlying measurement principle and accuracy of the device. We simulated various sweating conditions and performed simulated sweating measurements using SNT 200. In the rst experiment, continuous sweating over a wide body surface was simulated. The calculated absorbed steam volume was 1.84 times greater than the real transpiration rate. In the second experiment, sweating was simulated in the form of water drops, and the sweat meter absorbed the generated steam. In the second experiment, the data obtained using SNT 200 was in good accord with the volume dispensed by a micropipette. These experiments provided convincing evidence that the total area of four steam holes (A1, in the equation for calculating the sweat rate) required correction. We therefore modeled the effective absorption area of the sweat meter as one circle encompassing the four holes (8 mm in diameter; 52 mm2) instead of a summation of the areas of four steam holes. De ning the effective absorption area by this method modi ed the value calculated in the rst experiment, which agreed with the transpiration rate. In addition, the modi ed moisture absorption volume in the sweat meter converged within 20% error of the actual measurement, except at 30degC.
Forecasting crude oil price volatility and value at risk: Evidence from historical and recent data

This paper adopts the Markov switching multifractal (MSM) model and a battery of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) type models to model and forecast oil price volatility. Extending previous work by Wei et al. (2010) and Wang et al. (2016) we evaluate the forecasting performance of all these models via a superior predictive ability (SPA) test. We go beyond previous research by (i) considering oil price volatility in the nineteenth century along with recent data, (ii) applying different types of MSM models and (iii) considering value at risk predictions besides our forecasting of volatility. Confirming its successful performance in other studies, the new MSM model comes out as the model that most often across forecasting horizons and subsamples cannot be outperformed by other models. This superiority also applies to forecasting of value at risk.
Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v3: an online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees
Venue: Nucleic Acids Res.

Interactive Tree Of Life (http:/itol.embl.de) is a web based tool for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic trees. It is freely available and open to everyone. The current version was completely redesigned and rewritten, utilizing current web technologies for speedy and streamlined processing. Numerous new features were introduced and several new data types are now supported. Trees with up to 100,000 leaves can now be efficiently displayed. Full interactive control over precise positioning of various annotation features and an unlimited number of datasets allow the easy creation of complex tree visualizations. iTOL 3 is the first tool which supports direct visualization of the recently proposed phylogenetic placements format. Finally, iTOL's account system has been redesigned to simplify the management of trees in user defined workspaces and projects, as it is heavily used and currently handles already more than 500,000 trees from more than 10,000 individual users.
Tellurium Hydrides at High Pressures: High Temperature Superconductors.
Venue: Physical review letters

Observation of high temperature superconductivity in compressed sulfur hydrides has generated an irresistible wave of searches for new hydrogen containing superconductors. We herein report the prediction of high T_{c} superconductivity in tellurium hydrides stabilized at megabar pressures identified by first principles calculations in combination with a swarm structure search. Although tellurium is isoelectronic to sulfur or selenium, its heavier atomic mass and weaker electronegativity makes tellurium hydrides fundamentally distinct from sulfur or selenium hydrides in stoichiometries, structures, and chemical bondings. We identify three metallic stoichiometries of H_{4}Te, H_{5}Te_{2} and HTe_{3} which are not predicted or known stable structures for sulfur or selenium hydrides. The two hydrogen rich H_{4}Te and H_{5}Te_{2} phases are primarily ionic and contain exotic quasimolecular H_{2} and linear H_{3} units, respectively. Their high T_{c} (e.g. 104 K for H_{4}Te at 170 GPa) superconductivity originates from the strong electron phonon couplings associated with intermediate frequency H derived wagging and bending modes, a superconducting mechanism which differs substantially with those in sulfur or selenium hydrides where the high frequency H stretching vibrations make considerable contributions.
Itinerant spin ice order, Weyl metal, and anomalous Hall effect in Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$

In the global phase diagram of 227 pyrochlore iridates, Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ resides in the proximity of a metal insulator transition, supporting an anomalous Hall effect below 1.5 K, and the normal state of this material is described by a parabolic semimetal with quadratic band touching at the \Gamma$ point. For such a parabolic semimetal which is believed to be the parent state of many 227 pyrochlore iridate compounds, we demonstrate a strong competition between the "spin ice" and "all in all out" orders, and based on a Landau theory we construct possible global phase diagrams for this class of materials. When "spin ice" order has the dominant susceptibility, we show that the low temperature phase displays an itinerant "3 in, 1 out" order. For a generic model of particle hole anisotropic parabolic semimetal, the "3 in, 1 out" order is an admixture of both "spin ice" and "all in all out" spin configurations on Ir tetrahedron. The "3 in, 1 out" order gives rise to a Weyl metal with two Weyl nodes along one of the eight possible [1,1,1] directions supporting a large anomalous Hall effect without any appreciable magnetic moment for Ir${4+ and Pr${3+ ions, as observed in Pr$_2$Ir$_2$O$_7$ at low temperatures. The anomalous Hall conductivity inside the "3 in, 1 out" ordered phase varies as square root of the magnetization. Inside the metallic "3 in, 1 out" phase, the "spin ice" and "all in all out" components couple to the fluctuating $T_{2g} quadrupolar order parameter, leading to a small nematicity. Since an externally applied strain along [1,1,1] direction induces a static $T_{2g} quadrupolar order, we show how it can amplify the "3 in, 1 out" order, raising the possibility of observing anomalous Hall effect at higher temperatures.
BIMSL: A Domain Specific Language for Integrating Building Information Models with Sensor Data

The upsurge of interest in digital models of buildings combined with an increasing sensorization of spaces is prompting for the integration between Building Information Modeling (BIM) and real time data of sensors, which is still performed in a very ad hoc way using General Purpose Languages (GPLs) Indeed, a standard solution to explore sensor data in the context of BIM models is missing in literature. Although several integration approaches have been proposed by the scientific community, some of them remain theoretical, while others target very specific application domains, and therefore the development of applications requiring this integration is associated to a tremendous complexity. Herein, we overview existing approaches to the integration of BIM with sensor data, clearly identifying the gaps on research background, and aiming at the development of a Domain Specific Query Language that, by providing substantial gains in expressiveness and ease of use, simplifies the development of applications that require processing data of sensors with complex conditions over the BIM model. Our solution is validated with experienced software developers, according to an evaluation methodology focused on usability and flexibility attributes. The results outperformed existing alternatives, indicating that our proposal is effective to integrate BIM with sensor data.
The mediator authorization security model for heterogeneous semantic knowledge bases
Venue: Future Gener. Comput. Syst.

Many organizations often need to share semantic knowledge base content with selected members of other organizations. However, sharing semantic knowledge across different organizations is a critical problem. This is because the differences in the vocabulary utilized by the organizations have to be resolved before knowledge can be shared. Also, if semantic repositories are syntactically and schematically heterogeneous, information interoperation becomes a vital challenge. When a system needs to allow unknown entities to access its resources, mechanisms should be in place in order to provide a secure and trusted information sharing environment and enable users to interact and share information easily and perfectly. To address these challenges, the Mediator Authorization Security model is proposed to provide secure interoperation among heterogeneous semantic repositories. This paper addresses the issue of interoperability and how to incorporate trust into semantic interoperability. The evaluation showed that, despite the complexity of the mediator system, it still provides acceptable performance.