nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening, Cytotoxic and Anthelmintic activities of the methanolic leaf extract of Terminalia catappa Linn

The present study is aimed to evaluate phytochemical screening, cytotoxic activity and anthelmintic activity of methanolic extract of Terminalia catapa leaves. Phytochemical properties of different extractives of plant materials were tested. Anthelmintic activity was assessed applying three different concentrations of the plant extract and recording the time of paralysis and death. While brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the plant extract, where vincristine sulphate and DMSO was used as positive and negative control respectively. The phytochemical screening revealed the potent source of different phytochemical constituents on different extractives including alkaloid, glycosides, tannin, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and carbohydrate. In case of cytotoxicity measurement, the crude methanolic extract showed positive result (with LC50 1.4 ug/ml) compared to standard Vincristine sulphate (0.35 ug/ml) which indicated that the leaves of T. catappa possess mild cytotoxic principles. An elaborate study was carried out on the anthelmintic potential of methanolic extract of T. catappa where Albendazole as a reference standard. The lowest time for paralysis and death of worms, for test sample at highest oncentration (100mg/ml) and standard drug were found 34.09+ 0.44 and 50.04+ 0.09 min respectively, which gradually increased with the decrease of concentration. Results showed a dose dependent increase in the anthelmintic activity. Therefore, further studies are suggested to evaluate the possible mechanism of action and the active compounds responsible for the biological activities of the plant extract.
The effect of the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium on the maxillary sinus
Venue: European Archives of Oto Rhino Laryngology

This study was conducted to investigate the presence of the accessory maxillary ostium and its effects on the maxillary sinus, and the concurrent occurrence of morphological variations of neighboring anatomical structures. This study was performed in a tertiary referral center. This is a cross sectional retrospective study that evaluated coronal CTs of patients to determine the frequency of the accessory maxillary ostium and investigated any simultaneous morphological variations in neighboring anatomical structures. The presence of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) plus any concurrent morphological variations of neighboring structures were investigated in 377 patients, with 754 sides. AMO was found to be present in 19.1 (72/377) of the patients. A concurrent mucus retention cyst was found to be statistically significant on both sides (right side: p 0.00, left side: p 0.00) as well as mucosal thickening (right side: p 0.00, left side: p 0.00) and maxillary sinusitis (right side: p 0.04, left side: p 0.03) No other concurrent variations of statistical significance were detected in the neighboring structures. Our study demonstrated that with the presence of AMO, the likelihood of encountering a mucus retention cyst (48.6 had an approximately threefold increase, and that of encountering mucosal thickening (43.0 and maxillary sinusitis (29.1 had a twofold increase.
Leaf phenological shifts and plant microbe soil interactions can determine forest productivity and nutrient cycling under climate change in an ecosystem model
Venue: Ecological Research

Climate change is expected to affect tree leaf phenology by extending the length of the growing season (LGS) which will affect the productivity and nutrient cycling of forests. Interactions between plants and microbes will mediate the ecosystem processes further through microbe mediated plant soil feedback (PSF) To investigate the possible consequences of interactions between the extension of the growing season (GS) and PSF under various conditions, we developed a simple theoretical model (LGS PSF model) The LGS PSF model predicts that microbe mediated PSF will intensify the negative effects of increasing temperature on the size of soil carbon stock when compared with simulations without the PSF effect. The combined effects of increasing temperature and PSF on the size of soil carbon stock occurs through enhanced activity of individual microbes and increased microbial population size. More importantly, the model also demonstrated that a longer GS mitigates this negative effect on carbon accumulation in soil, not through increased net primary production, but through intensified competition for nutrients between plants and microbes, thus suppressing microbial population growth. Our model suggested that the interactive effects of the LGS and PSF on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forests should be incorporated into larger scale quantitative models for better forecasting of future forest functions under climate change.
The Impact of Listening Strategy Training on the Meta Cognitive Listening Strategies Awareness of Different Learner Types

The present study investigated the effectiveness of listening strategy instruction on the metacognitive listening strategies awareness of different EFL learner types (LTs) To achieve this goal, 150 EFL students took part in the study and were taught based on a guided lesson plan regarding listening strategies and a pre test/post test design was applied. The degree of change occurring as a result of intervention was measured through one way ANOVA test. The results indicated that there was a significant improvement after the onset of the instruction, and that the intervention was effective. Although there were some differences between the four learner types (visual learners, auditory learners, kinaesthetic learners, and tactile learners) on the post test, the auditory learner type had the most significant improvement in metacognitive awareness of listening strategies (MALS) The finding of this quantitative research study led us to conclude that learners make noticeable progress in MALS via listening strategy instruction and that the level of improvement varies across the LTs with the auditory group improving most significantly.
GPU Accelerated Algorithms for Computing Matrix Function Vector Products with Applications to Exponential Integrators and Fractional Diffusion
Venue: SIAM J. Sci. Comput.

The efficient computation of matrix function vector products has recently become an important area of research, driven in particular by two important applications: the numerical solution of fractional partial differential equations and the integration of large systems of ordinary differential equations. In this work we consider a problem that combines these two applications in the form of a numerical solution algorithm for fractional reaction diffusion equations that, after spatial discretization, is advanced in time using the exponential Euler method. We focus on the efficient implementation of the algorithm on graphics processing units (GPUs) as we wish to make use of the increased computational power available with this hardware. We compute the matrix function vector products using the contour integration method in [N. Hale, N. J. Higham, and L. N. Trefethen,  (2008)  2523] Multiple levels of preconditioning are applied to reduce the GPU memory footprint and to furth.
A framework of the harmonic Arnoldi method for evaluating ph functions with applications to exponential integrators
Venue: Adv. Comput. Math.

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on exponential integrators. The important ingredient to the implementation of exponential integrators is the efficient and accurate evaluation of the so called ph functions on a given vector. The Krylov subspace method is an important technique for this problem. For this type of method, however, restarts become essential for the sake of storage requirements or due to computational complexities of evaluating matrix function on a reduced matrix of growing size. Another problem in computing ph functions is the lack of a clear residual notion. The contribution of this work is threefold. First, we introduce a framework of the harmonic Arnoldi method for ph functions, which is based on the residual and the oblique projection technique. Second, we establish the relationship between the harmonic Arnoldi approximation and the Arnoldi approximation, and compare the harmonic Arnoldi method and the Arnoldi method from a theoretical point of view. Third, we apply the thick restarting strategy to the harmonic Arnoldi method, and propose a thick restarted harmonic Arnoldi algorithm for evaluating ph functions. An advantage of the new algorithm is that we can compute several ph functions simultaneously in the same search subspace after restarting. The relationship between the error and the residual of the harmonic Arnoldi approximation is also investigated. Numerical experiments show the superiority of our new algorithm over many state of the art algorithms for computing ph functions.
Block Krylov subspace methods for approximating the linear combination of ph functions arising in exponential integrators
Venue: Comput. Math. Appl.

In this paper we present numerical methods for computing the matrix functions arising in exponential integrators. The matrix functions are the linear combination of the form z j 0 p z j A b j where z j is related to exponential function. By reducing the corresponding systems of linear ODEs with polynomial inhomogeneity based on block Krylov subspace methods, two effective exponentials of low dimension matrix are derived to approximate the objective functions. Some useful a posteriori error estimates are established. The algorithms can be combined with time stepping strategy to satisfy the accuracy requirements under a moderate dimension of the block Krylov subspace. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the methods.
The Leja Method Revisited: Backward Error Analysis for the Matrix Exponential
Venue: SIAM J. Sci. Comput.

The Leja method is a polynomial interpolation procedure that can be used to compute matrix functions. In particular, computing the action of the matrix exponential on a given vector is a typical application. This quantity is required, e.g. in exponential integrators. The Leja method essentially depends on three parameters: the scaling parameter, the location of the interpolation points, and the degree of interpolation. We present here a backward error analysis that allows us to determine these three parameters as a function of the prescribed accuracy. Additional aspects that are required for an efficient and reliable implementation are discussed. Numerical examples illustrating the performance of our MATLAB code are included.
Interaction of reward seeking and self regulation in the prediction of risk taking: A cross national test of the dual systems model.
Venue: Developmental psychology

In the present analysis, we test the dual systems model of adolescent risk taking in a cross national sample of over 5,200 individuals aged 10 through 30 (M 17.05 years, SD 5.91) from 11 countries. We examine whether reward seeking and self regulation make independent, additive, or interactive contributions to risk taking, and ask whether these relations differ as a function of age and culture. To compare across cultures, we conduct 2 sets of analyses: 1 comparing individuals from Asian and Western countries, and 1 comparing individuals from low and high GDP countries. Results indicate that reward seeking and self regulation have largely independent associations with risk taking and that the influences of each variable on risk taking are not unique to adolescence, but that their link to risk taking varies across cultures.
Recommender System for E Learning through Content and Profile Based Approach
Venue: ICoICT 2016

E learning environments have become a way of life. The aim of the recommender systems is to suggest an optimal set of modules that satisfy the needs of the user on a particular topic. Recommender systems research has used advances in learning styles, personal preferences of the users and tests of ability to suggest content. These suffer from two problems: gap in content matching and lack of context. The domain of information retrieval has shown us that the gap between perceived results and intended results is significant. This is due to complexity of the content. Hence the recommender systems need advanced mechanisms for content tagging and management as a part of their repertoire. The content management aspects need to look beyond the document management style or the data management aspects, and instead, focus on the content tagging for modeling. This is a significant challenge. The second key challenge is to leverage the advances in context based information retrieval. Context is a key contributor in narrowing down the domain of search process. Context can be leveraged and harnessed in recommender systems. When integrated with the research in learning styles and the tests of ability, the recommender systems can show significant results. The objective of this paper is to outline a pedagogical model for recommender systems that leverage the advances in query expansion and context awareness for narrowing down the learning objects that are closest to the user's query. This set of learning objects is now personalized using learning style research and the tests of aptitude for better match. The applicability of the method for a range of courses is tested and the results are bench marked against existing methods.
Student acceptance on document sharing: Learning management system vs online storage

E learning is one of the methods for teaching and learning in higher education.E learning allow instructors to interact with their students through internet facilities.This interaction reduces the constraint of classroom face to face method and promotes paperless document sharing. Learning Management System (LMS) is one of the popular tools that have been used to support and manage courses in e learning environment. LMS enables instructors to manage students' record, course materials, grading, and communication. Through LMS instructor can upload course materials and share them with the students.Some instructors also utilized other tools such as Dropbox for the ease of document backup and sharing. Dropbox allows documentsynchronization, thus keep the document up to date without direct uploading. Since, both LMS and Dropbox have their own strength and weakness, this paper investigates students' acceptance and continuous usage of the LMS and Dropbox for document sharing to support teaching and learning.This study utilized the Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model to assess students' acceptance.The findings show that students are positive towards using Dropbox for document sharing as compare to the LMS.
Quality of graphene on sapphire: long range order from helium diffraction versus lattice defects from Raman spectroscopy

We report a new method to produce high quality, transparent graphene/sapphire samples, using Cu as a catalyst. The starting point is a high quality graphene layer prepared by CVD on Cu(111)/Al2O3. Graphene on sapphire is obtained in situ by evaporation of the Cu film in UHV. He diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM) Raman spectroscopy and optical transmission have been used to assess the quality of graphene in a metal free area. We used helium atom scattering as a sensitive probe of the crystallinity of the graphene on sapphire. The observation of high reflectivity and clear diffraction peaks demonstrates the presence of flat and homogeneous graphene domains over lateral scales of microns, consistent with the AFM results. Surprisingly, putting graphene on sapphire improves the quality of the He diffraction spectra. Graphene forms a moire pattern with a (11 x 11) periodicity, aligned with the (1 x 1) sapphire unit cell. The lattice constant of graphene on sapphire is a (2.44 0.02) A. The phonon dispersion of the graphene flexural mode has been measured. This allowed the determination of the bending rigidity k 0.61 0.15 eV, and the graphene sapphire coupling strength g (5.8 0.4) x 1019 N m 3. The uniformity of the graphene has also been investigated by Raman mapping. Judging by the ratio of the 2D to G peaks, the quality of the graphene is not degraded by Cu removal. The high transparency (80% measured in the visible range makes this system suitable for many applications that require hybrid properties commonly associated with metals (conductivity) and insulators (transparency) Our study shows that He diffraction and Raman provide crucial information on quite different, complementary aspects of the same samples.
ADNP CSMA Random Multiple Access protocol application with the function of monitoring in Ad Hoc network

In Ad Hoc networks,the net work of mobile nodes exchange information with their wireless transceiver equipment,the network throughput is in increased,compared to other such multiple hops network.Moreover along with the rapid development of modern information,communication business also will be increase.However,the access and adaptive of previous CSMA protocol are insufficient.According to these properties,this paper presents a kind of adaptive dual clock with monitoring function P CSMA random multiple access protocol(ADNP CSMA),and discusses two kinds of P CSMA.ACK with monitoring function is introduced to maintain the stability of the whole system,and the introduction of dual clock mechanism reduces the channel of idle period.It calculate the system throughput expression through the method of average period,and the simulation results show that the system is constant in the case of high load throughput.
A Multiple Label Guided Clustering Algorithm for Historical Document Dating and Localization
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

It is of essential importance for historians to know the date and place of origin of the documents they study. It would be a huge advancement for historical scholars if it would be possible to automatically estimate the geographical and temporal provenance of a handwritten document by inferring them from the handwriting style of such a document. We propose a multiple label guided clustering algorithm to discover the correlations between the concrete low level visual elements in historical documents and abstract labels, such as date and location. First, a novel descriptor, called histogram of orientations of handwritten strokes, is proposed to extract and describe the visual elements, which is built on a scale invariant polar feature space. In addition, the multi label self organizing map (MLSOM) is proposed to discover the correlations between the low level visual elements and their labels in a single framework. Our proposed MLSOM can be used to predict the labels directly. Moreover, the MLSOM can also be considered as a pre structured clustering method to build a codebook, which contains more discriminative information on date and geography. The experimental results on the medieval paleographic scale data set demonstrate that our method achieves state of the art results.
Page Segmentation for Historical Document Images Based on Superpixel Classification with Unsupervised Feature Learning
Venue: 2016 12th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS)

In this paper, we present an efficient page segmentation method for historical document images. Many existing methods either rely on hand crafted features or perform rather slow as they treat the problem as a pixel level assignment problem. In order to create a feasible method for real applications, we propose to use superpixels as basic units of segmentation, and features are learned directly from pixels. An image is first oversegmented into superpixels with the simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) algorithm. Then, each superpixel is represented by the features of its central pixel. The features are learned from pixel intensity values with stacked convolutional autoencoders in an unsupervised manner. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used to classify superpixels into four classes: periphery, background, text block, and decoration. Finally, the segmentation results are refined by a connected component based smoothing procedure. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that compared to our previous method, the proposed method is much faster and achieves comparable segmentation results. Additionally, much fewer pixels are used for classifier training.
Factors associated with fear of childbirth: It's effect on women's preference for elective cesarean section

Childbirth fear is a major problem for women, as it results in avoidance of maternity, women fetal stress and raise in women requests for cesarean delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with fear of childbirth (FOC) and its effect on women's preference for elective cesarean section (CS)   Study conducted at five obstetrical and gynecological private clinics in El Mahalla El Kobra city.  A purposive sample consisted of 205 pregnant women selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  Three tools were used for data collection (Structured Interview Questionnaire, Melender (2002) Questionnaire to measure childbirth fear associated factors and Childbirth Attitudes Questionnaire) Results Revealed that 47.8% of pregnant women preferred elective CS. Fear of vaginal birth, safer mode for the baby, no influence on postpartum sexual life and pain associated with delivery were the most reasons for CS preference. Childbirth factor was the highest factor associated with FOC with mean SD 12.439 3.949. Fear of pain, episiotomy and lacerations were the highest sub factors representative for childbirth factor (89.3% 83.9% and 82.4% respectively) The highest cause of FOC was negative mood with mean SD 13.302 3.500. 50.0% of pregnant women with high FOC preferred CS. Conclusions and recommendations Childbirth factor was the highest factor associated with FOC. Fear of pain, episiotomy and lacerations were the highest sub factors representative for childbirth factor associated with FOC. Pregnant women with high fear of childbirth preferred cesarean section.  Undertaking information, education and communication programs to increase awareness of the women, husbands, health providers and society about childbirth fear and its effect on cesarean section preference in order to decrease elective cesarean section rate.
An evaluation of the "white card" as a resource for promoting an educational sports competition

Competitive sport is one of the key contexts in the development of values through sport, given the very significant ambivalences and contradictions involved within sport. Since the 2008 09 season the Real Madrid Foundation has launched in its basketball schools an educational project of transmission of values called "For a REAL Education: Values and Sport" which has led to the development of different teaching materials including the "White Card" program, an educational resource that tries to encourage good sportsmanship and moral development of participants. The aim of this work is to analyze how useful the program is to both trainers and families. The program has been applied to 338, 356 and 334 players aged between 8 and 17, by 16, 15 and 18 teachers in 2010 11, 2011 12 and 2012 13 seasons respectively. The methodology used in intervention has been action research and the instruments used for data collection were group discussion, questionnaire, survey and our own white cards given to players in tournaments. The assessment of this resource has been very positive from the coaches, and a high percentage, of parents of the young athletes.