nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Empirical Micafungin Treatment and Survival Without Invasive Fungal Infection in Adults With ICU Acquired Sepsis, Candida Colonization, and Multiple Organ Failure: The EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial.
Venue: JAMA

Importance Although frequently used in treating intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis, empirical antifungal therapy, initiated for suspected fungal infection, has not been shown to improve outcome.  To determine whether empirical micafungin reduces invasive fungal infection (IFI) free survival at day 28.  Multicenter double blind placebo controlled study of 260 nonneutropenic, nontransplanted, critically ill patients with ICU acquired sepsis, multiple Candida colonization, multiple organ failure, exposed to broad spectrum antibacterial agents, and enrolled between July 2012 and February 2015 in 19 French ICUs.  Empirical treatment with micafungin (100 mg, once daily, for 14 days) (n 131) vs placebo (n 129) Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was survival without proven IFI 28 days after randomization. Key secondary end points included new proven fungal infections, survival at day 28 and day 90, organ failure, serum (1 3) b D glucan level evolution, and incidence of ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia.  Among 260 patients (mean age 63 years; 91 [35% women) 251 (128, micafungin group; 123, placebo group) were included in the modified intent to treat analysis. Median values were 8 for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, 3 for number of Candida colonized sites, and 99 pg/mL for level of (1 3) b D glucan. On day 28, there were 82 (68% patients in the micafungin group vs 79 (60.2% in the placebo group who were alive and IFI free (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35 [95% CI, 0.87 2.08] Results were similar among patients with a (1 3) b D glucan level of greater than 80 pg/mL (n 175; HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.85 2.33] Day 28 IFI free survival in patients with a high SOFA score >8) was not significantly different when compared between the micafungin vs placebo groups (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 0.96 2.94] Use of empirical micafungin decreased the rate of new invasive fungal infection in 4 of 128 patients (3% in the micafungin group vs placebo (15/123 patients [12% (P .008) Conclusions and Relevance Among nonneutropenic critically ill patients with ICU acquired sepsis, Candida species colonization at multiple sites, and multiple organ failure, empirical treatment with micafungin, compared with placebo, did not increase fungal infection free survival at day 28.
Silk fibroin as biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.
Venue: Acta biomaterialia

Silk fibroin (SF) is a fibrous protein which is produced mainly by silkworms and spiders. Its unique mechanical properties, tunable biodegradation rate and the ability to support the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells along the osteogenic lineage, have made SF a favorable scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. SF can be processed into various scaffold forms, combined synergistically with other biomaterials to form composites and chemically modified, which provides an impressive toolbox and allows SF scaffolds to be tailored to specific applications. This review discusses and summarizes recent advancements in processing SF, focusing on different fabrication and functionalization methods and their application to grow bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Potential areas for future research, current challenges, uncertainties and gaps in knowledge are highlighted.  Silk fibroin is a natural biomaterial with remarkable biomedical and mechanical properties which make it favorable for a broad range of bone tissue engineering applications. It can be processed into different scaffold forms, combined synergistically with other biomaterials to form composites and chemically modified which provides a unique toolbox and allows silk fibroin scaffolds to be tailored to specific applications. This review discusses and summarizes recent advancements in processing silk fibroin, focusing on different fabrication and functionalization methods and their application to grow bone tissue in vitro and in vivo. Potential areas for future research, current challenges, uncertainties and gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
Carbonized Silk Fabric for Ultrastretchable, Highly Sensitive, and Wearable Strain Sensors.
Venue: Advanced materials

A carbonized plain weave silk fabric is fabricated into wearable and robust strain sensors, which can be stretched up to 500% and show high sensitivity in a wide strain range. This sensor can be assembled into wearable devices for detection of both large and subtle human activities, showing great potential for monitoring human motions and personal health.
Changing for the Better? Longitudinal Associations Between Volitional Personality Change and Psychological Well Being
Venue: Personality social psychology bulletin

Recent research has found that a vast majority of people want to change their personality traits and they may be able to find some degree of success in doing so. However, desires for self change have been theoretically and empirically linked to reduced well being. The present study utilized a longitudinal design to better understand the associations between people's desires and attempts to change their personality traits and their psychological well being. Results indicated that possessing change goals did not necessarily predict growing deficits in well being over time. In contrast, people who were able to change their personality traits in ways that aligned with their desires tended to experience increases in well being over time. These findings are consistent with theory that dissatisfaction can precipitate change goals, and successful change can ameliorate dissatisfaction.
Quantum Ontology: A Guide to the Metaphysics of Quantum Mechanics

Have spare times? Read quantum ontology a guide to the metaphysics of quantum mechanics writer by Why? A best seller book in the world with wonderful worth and content is incorporated with appealing words. Where? Simply right here, in this website you could check out online. Want download? Naturally available, download them also right here. Offered reports are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, and zip.
The structure and diversity of freshwater diatom assemblages from Franz Josef Land Archipelago: a northern outpost for freshwater diatoms
Venue: PeerJ

We examined diatom assemblages from 18 stream and pond samples in the Franz Josef Land Archipelago (FJL) the most northern land of Eurasia. More than 216 taxa were observed, revealing a rich circumpolar diatom flora, including many undescribed taxa. Widely distributed taxa were the most abundant by cell densities, while circumpolar taxa were the most species rich. Stream and pond habitats hosted different assemblages, and varied along a pH gradient. Diatoma tenuis was the most abundant and ubiquitous taxon. However, several circumpolar taxa such as Chamaepinnularia gandrupii, Cymbella botellus, Psammothidium sp. and Humidophila laevissima were also found in relatively high abundances. Aerophilic taxa were an important component of FJL diatom assemblages (Humidophila spp. Caloneis spp. and Pinnularia spp. reflecting the large and extreme seasonal changes in Arctic conditions. We predict a decrease in the abundance of circumpolar taxa, an increase in local (a freshwater diatom diversity, but a decrease in regional diversity (circumpolar homogenization) as a result of current warming trends and to a lesser extent the increasing human footprint in the region.
Rare complication of bronchoesophageal fistula due to pulmonary mucormycosis after induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: a case report
Venue: Journal of Medical Case Reports

BackgroundMucormycosis is a rare and life threatening invasive fungal infection. Pulmonary mucormycosis commonly occurs in patients with severe neutropenia. Typically, pulmonary mucormycosis causes tissue necrosis resulting from angioinvasion and subsequent thrombosis, so most cases can occur with necrotizing pneumonia and/or hemoptysis. Some complex cases may invade adjacent organs, such as the mediastinum, pericardium, and chest wall. However, to the best our knowledge there is little known regarding bronchoesophageal fistula due to pulmonary mucormycosis after induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. We present a case report about this unusual presentation.Case presentationA 51 year old Korean man was diagnosed as having acute myeloid leukemia and received induction chemotherapy. After prolonged severe neutropenia, he complained of coughing with aspiration. Imaging showed a bronchoesophageal fistula with extensive necrotizing pneumonia in the middle and lower lobes of his right lung. Bronchoscopy showed near total tissue necrosis in the middle lobe of his right lung, creating an orifice. A bronchial scope was passed through and was able to be connected with his esophagus; a bronchial wall biopsy was performed. Esophagoscopy revealed a large linear defect of his esophageal wall 30 cm from the incision that may have connected with the bronchus. A bronchial biopsy showed typical hyphae with necrotic tissue, indicating pulmonary mucormycosis. He was given amphotericin B, and a wide excision of lung and esophagus was planned. However, he suddenly died due to massive hemoptysis.ConclusionHere we present an extremely rare case of bronchoesophageal fistula with severe necrotizing pneumonia due to pulmonary mucormycosis.
Deep based Ingredient Recognition for Cooking Recipe Retrieval
Venue: ACM Multimedia

Retrieving recipes corresponding to given dish pictures facilitates the estimation of nutrition facts, which is crucial to various health relevant applications. The current approaches mostly focus on recognition of food category based on global dish appearance without explicit analysis of ingredient composition. Such approaches are incapable for retrieval of recipes with unknown food categories, a problem referred to as zero shot retrieval. On the other hand, content based retrieval without knowledge of food categories is also difficult to attain satisfactory performance due to large visual variations in food appearance and ingredient composition. As the number of ingredients is far less than food categories, understanding ingredients underlying dishes in principle is more scalable than recognizing every food category and thus is suitable for zero shot retrieval. Nevertheless, ingredient recognition is a task far harder than food categorization, and this seriously challenges the feasibility of relying on them for retrieval. This paper proposes deep architectures for simultaneous learning of ingredient recognition and food categorization, by exploiting the mutual but also fuzzy relationship between them. The learnt deep features and semantic labels of ingredients are then innovatively applied for zero shot retrieval of recipes. By experimenting on a large Chinese food dataset with images of highly complex dish appearance, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of ingredient recognition and sheds light on this zero shot problem peculiar to cooking recipe retrieval.
Microbial protein: future sustainable food supply route with low environmental footprint
Venue: Microbial biotechnology

Microbial biotechnology has a long history of producing feeds and foods. The key feature of today's market economy is that protein production by conventional agriculture based food supply chains is becoming a major issue in terms of global environmental pollution such as diffuse nutrient and greenhouse gas emissions, land use and water footprint. Time has come to re assess the current potentials of producing protein rich feed or food additives in the form of algae, yeasts, fungi and plain bacterial cellular biomass, producible with a lower environmental footprint compared with other plant or animal based alternatives. A major driver is the need to no longer disintegrate but rather upgrade a variety of low value organic and inorganic side streams in our current non cyclic economy. In this context, microbial bioconversions of such valuable matters to nutritive microbial cells and cell components are a powerful asset. The worldwide market of animal protein is of the order of several hundred million tons per year, that of plant protein several billion tons of protein per year; hence, the expansion of the production of microbial protein does not pose disruptive challenges towards the process of the latter. Besides protein as nutritive compounds, also other cellular components such as lipids (single cell oil) polyhydroxybuthyrate, exopolymeric saccharides, carotenoids, ectorines, (pro)vitamins and essential amino acids can be of value for the growing domain of novel nutrition. In order for microbial protein as feed or food to become a major and sustainable alternative, addressing the challenges of creating awareness and achieving public and broader regulatory acceptance are real and need to be addressed with care and expedience.
Siderophore vaccine conjugates protect against uropathogenic Escherichia coli urinary tract infection
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and 1 in 40 women experience chronic UTIs during their lifetime. The antibiotic courses required to treat infections promote antibiotic resistance, and current vaccine options offer limited protection. We have pioneered a strategy using small iron chelating compounds called siderophores as vaccine antigens. These siderophores are not produced by commensal bacteria and are required for UTI. The siderophore vaccines reported here are easy to formulate and reduce bacterial burdens in a murine model of UTI. This report highlights the untapped resource of bacteria specific small molecules as potential vaccine antigens and provides a proof of principle for incorporating these compounds into multicomponent vaccines for the prevention of bacterial infections. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) Whereas most infections are isolated cases, 1 in 40 women experience recurrent UTIs. The rise in antibiotic resistance has complicated the management of chronic UTIs and necessitates new preventative strategies. Currently, no UTI vaccines are approved for use in the United States, and the development of a highly effective vaccine remains elusive. Here, we have pursued a strategy for eliciting protective immunity by vaccinating with small molecules required for pathogenesis, rather than proteins or peptides. Small iron chelating molecules called siderophores were selected as antigens to vaccinate against UTI for this vaccine strategy. These pathogen associated stealth siderophores evade host immune defenses and enhance bacterial virulence. Previous animal studies revealed that vaccination with siderophore receptor proteins protects against UTI. The poor solubility of these integral outer membrane proteins in aqueous solutions limits their practical utility. Because their cognate siderophores are water soluble, we hypothesized that these bacterial derived small molecules are prime vaccine candidates. To test this hypothesis, we immunized mice with siderophores conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein. The siderophore protein conjugates elicited an adaptive immune response that targeted bacterial stealth siderophores and protected against UTI. Our study has identified additional antigens suitable for a multicomponent UTI vaccine and highlights the potential use of bacterial derived small molecules as antigens in vaccine therapies.
Panel Discussion and the Development of Students' Self Confidence

This study is to analyze the use of panel discussion towards the development of students' self confidence in learning the content subject of qualitative research concept. The study uses mix method in which questionnaire and interview are conducted at the class of qualitative research of the sixth semester consisting twenty students especially after the implementation of a lesson study project. The results show that panel discussion has potential impacts on the students' self confidence in learning the content subject of qualitative research concept. It is also found out that the appropriate teaching procedures of the panel discussion are as follows; (1) let the students recognize learning exposures naturally by themselves (like reading research journals) (2) ask them to share, present, and discuss in a small group (in a limited number of students) to practice having mutual interaction among friends; (3) if the individuals have equipped themselves with the clear ideas of the small group, let them share in a big panel discussion. Hence, the individual self confidence is naturally formed by the frequency of interaction among friends by sharing, discussions, and presentions.
Market Stability vs. Market Resilience: Regulatory Policies Experiments in an Agent Based Model with Low and High Frequency Trading

We investigate the effects of different regulatory policies directed towards high frequency trading (HFT) through an agent based model of a limit order book able to generate flash crashes as the result of the interactions between low and high frequency (HF) traders. We analyze the impact of the imposition of minimum resting times, of circuit breakers (both ex post and ex ante types) of cancellation fees and of transaction taxes on asset price volatility and on the occurrence and duration of flash crashes. In the model, low frequency agents adopt trading rules based on chronological time and can switch between fundamentalist and chartist strategies. In contrast, high frequency traders activation is event driven and depends on price fluctuations. In addition, high frequency traders employ low latency directional strategies that exploit market information and they can cancel their orders depending on expected profits. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that reducing HF order cancellation, via minimum resting times or cancellation fees, or discouraging HFT via financial transaction taxes, reduces market volatility and the frequency of flash crashes. However, these policies also imply a longer duration of flash crashes. Furthermore, the introduction of an ex ante circuit breaker markedly reduces price volatility and removes flash crashes. In contrast, ex post circuit breakers do not affect market volatility and they increase the duration of flash crashes. Our results show that HFT targeted policies face a trade off between market stability and resilience. Policies that reduce volatility and the incidence of flash crashes also imply a reduced ability of the market to quickly recover from a crash. The dual role of HFT, as both a cause of the flash crash and a fundamental actor in the post crash recovery underlies the above trade off.
ERIES Market Stability vs Market Resilience Regulatory Policies Experiments in an Agent Based Model with Low and High Frequency Trading

We investigate the effects of different regulatory policies directed towards high frequency trading (HFT) through an agent based model of a limit order book able to generate flash crashes as the result of the interactions between lowand high frequency (HF) traders. We analyze the impact of the imposition of minimum resting times, of circuit breakers (both ex post and ex ante types) of cancellation fees and of transaction taxes on asset price volatility and on the occurrence and duration of flash crashes. In the model, lowfrequency agents adopt trading rules based on chronological time and can switch between fundamentalist and chartist strategies. In contrast, high frequency traders activation is event driven and depends on price fluctuations. In addition, high frequency traders employ low latency directional strategies that exploit market information and they can cancel their orders depending on expected profits. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that reducing HF order cancellation, via minimum resting times or cancellation fees, or discouraging HFT via financial transaction taxes, reduces market volatility and the frequency of flash crashes. However, these policies also imply a longer duration of flash crashes. Furthermore, the introduction of an ex ante circuit breaker markedly reduces price volatility and removes flash crashes. In contrast, ex post circuit breakers do not affect market volatility and they increase the duration of flash crashes. Our results show that HFT targeted policies face a trade off between market stability and resilience. Policies that reduce volatility and the incidence of flash crashes also imply a reduced ability of the market to quickly recover from a crash. The dual role of HFT, as both a cause of the flash crash and a fundamental actor in the post crash recovery underlies the above trade off.
Antioxidant Activity of Moringa oleifera Extracts

Moringa oleifera have been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. M. oleifera leaves were extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n hexane. The antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved 2,2' azino bis [3 ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay in vitro. Trolox was used as standard with IC 50 5.89 mg/mL in DPPH assay and 3.06 mg/mL in ABTS assay. The methanol extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 value of 49.30 mg/mL in DPPH assay and 11.73 mg/mL in ABTS assay. This study provided that M. oleifera leaves possess antioxidant.
Phenolic compounds in juices of apple cultivars and their relation to antioxidant activity

Apples and their juices are important sources of phenolic compounds in human diet. Using the same juice processing method, we compared phenolic composition as well as antioxidant activity of juices from various table apple cultivars, grown at the same location. Antioxidant activity of apple juices was estimated by application of two assays, ABTS cation radical decolorization and by scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (O 2 H 2 O 2 OH superoxide assisted Fenton reaction) as measured by inhibition of ethylene release from KMB (a Keto g (methylthio)butyric acid) The apple juices differed in phenolic content and antioxidant activity, where cultivar differences were more relevant than environmental factors. Furthermore, to improve antioxidant performance in the XOD test, a juice low in phenol content was supplemented with the appropriate amounts of phenols to the level of the best juice indicating that these phenolics contribute to the antioxidant activity of the apple juice. In accordance to literature, the phenolic compounds representing the main antioxidant activity in the apple juices comprise flavan 3 ols and chlorogenic acid.