nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Divergent lncRNAs Regulate Gene Expression and Lineage Differentiation in Pluripotent Cells.
Venue: Cell stem cell

Divergent lncRNAs that are transcribed in the opposite direction to nearby protein coding genes comprise a significant proportion ~20% of total lncRNAs in mammalian genomes. Through genome wide analysis, we found that the distribution of this lncRNA class strongly correlates with essential developmental regulatory genes. In pluripotent cells, divergent lncRNAs regulate the transcription of nearby genes. As an example, the divergent lncRNA Evx1as promotes transcription of its neighbor gene, EVX1, and regulates mesendodermal differentiation. At a single cell level, early broad expression of Evx1as is followed by a rapid, high level transcription of EVX1, supporting the idea that Evx1as plays an upstream role to facilitate EVX1 transcription. Mechanistically, Evx1as RNA binds to regulatory sites on chromatin, promotes an active chromatin state, and interacts with Mediator. Based on our analyses, we propose that the biological function of thousands of uncharacterized lncRNAs of this class may be inferred from the role of their neighboring adjacent genes.
Public attitudes toward stuttering in Europe: Within country and between country comparisons.
Venue: Journal of communication disorders

Epidemiological research methods have been shown to be useful in determining factors that might predict commonly reported negative public attitudes toward stuttering. Previous research has suggested that stuttering attitudes of respondents from North America and Europe (i.e. "The West" though characterized by stereotypes and potential stigma, are more positive than those from several other regions of the world. This inference assumes that public attitudes within various regions characterized by "The West" are similar.  This study aimed to determine the extent to which public stuttering attitudes are similar or different both within regions of three different European countries and between or among five different European countries or similar geographic areas. It also aimed to compare these European attitudes to attitudes from 135 samples around the world using a standard measure.  Using convenience sampling, 1111 adult respondents from eight different investigations completed the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes Stuttering (POSHA S) in the dominant language of each country or area. In Study I, the authors compared attitudes within three different regions of Bosnia Herzegovina, Italy, and Norway. In Study II, the authors compared attitudes between combined samples from Bosnia Herzegovina, Italy, and Norway (with additional respondents from Sweden) and two other samples, one from Germany and the other from Ireland and England.  Attitudes of adults from the three samples within Bosnia Herzegovina, Italy, and Norway were remarkably similar. By contrast, attitudes between the five different countries or area were quite dramatically different. Demographic variables on the POSHA S did not predict the rank order of these between country/area differences. Compared to the POSHA S worldwide database, European attitudes ranged from less positive than average (i.e. Italians) to more positive than average (i.e. Norwegians and Swedes) CONCLUSION Factors related to national identity appear to play a significant role in differences in public attitudes in Europe and should be explored in future research.
SMME BUSINESS MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNMENT

The role and importance of small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) all over the world cannot be disputed. It is a known fact that SMMEs are responsible for the creation of jobs in all economies, and that in Africa, specifically poverty alleviation, economic growth and job creation is in the hands of SMMEs. Many organisations local and international invest billions of dollars in the upliftment of SMMEs by means of various actions, interventions and activities. It is also evident that most of these initiatives result in a lot of wastage, or does not reach its potential due to a variety of reasons. Although many of the reasons for this can be laid at the door of the SMMEs themselves, much blame can be appropriated to the institutions themselves. Staff employed to implement these actions are either not committed, or not trained, or not qualified to assist these SMMEs. This has led to the study conducted amongst 946 SMMEs in South Africa, using non probability sampling regarding their experiences dealing with organisations providing assistance to SMMEs. The focus was on aspects such as: how queries were handled by the various management levels of the institutions, types of queries submitted, type of assistance received, and how problems were overcome by SMMEs. There was a clear indication that there is a lack of commitment from staff of these support organisations, their level of knowledge and their willingness to assist. The majority of respondents indicated that small businesses were not seen as important enough to warrant sufficient and dedicated attention. The nett effect is that the assistance offered to SMMEs is ineffective or not sufficient to address the needs of SMMEs resulting in a culture by organisations to "just tick the boxes" Recommendations are made on how the needs of SMMEs can be better addressed by organisations that aim to support and assist SMMEs.
The Gravity of Water: Water Trade Frictions in California

It is relatively well accepted that costs associated with transfers weigh upon water markets and deter some exchanges. But few studies explicitly address such costs and their impacts on trading behavior. In this article we fill this gap, using a tool from the international trade literature called the gravity equation. We first develop a theoretical model to assess the micro foundation of this approach in a water market context. The model distinguishes between variable and fixed costs of trade, which allows us to disentangle the decision to enter into the water market (extensive margin) and the decision on the quantity of water to be transferred (intensive margin) We then test the theoretical predictions using water transfer data among California water districts over a 17 year period. We approximate transfer costs by distance and institutional factors. Results validate the theoretical predictions and show the importance of distance and institutional impediments in the decision to trade.
The role of dyadic coping in the individual and dyadic adjustment during the transition to parenthood

Considered an event that can be a source of stress, the transition to parenthood is a period in the couples' lives that requires multiple changes and adjustments, both at individual and relational levels. Each partner needs to deal with his/her own and partner's stress (dyadic stress) and, together, to find joint coping strategies to overcome it successfully. The aim of this study was to examine the role of dyadic coping in the association between individual (depression, anxiety and quality of life) and relational (dyadic adjustment) adjustment of couples during the transition to parenthood. The analysis of the mediating role of dyadic coping and of cross partner effects is a novel contribution of this study, particularly in the context of the transition to parenthood. The sample of this cross sectional study comprised 386 participants (193 couples) recruited during the second trimester of pregnancy at the obstetrics appointments of the Obstetrics Service A (Maternity Daniel de Matos) from the Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra (CHUC, EPE) Couples completed self report questionnaires of depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Post Natal Depression Scale) anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) quality of life (EUROHIS QOL 8) dyadic adjustment (Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale) and dyadic coping (Dyadic Coping Inventory) The results of this study showed that mothers, in comparison with fathers, reported lower levels of individual adjustment, but similar levels of dyadic adjustment. For both mothers and fathers, dyadic coping was positive and significantly associated with dyadic adjustment; these associations were stronger than those observed with the indicators of individual adjustment. In the mediation models, results indicated that dyadic coping was a significant mediator in the association between individual and dyadic adjustment. In general, mothers' reports of dyadic coping by the partner, fathers' reports of dyadic coping by the self and joint dyadic coping were significant mediators on both partners' models. The results of this study underline the importance of developing intervention models targeted to the period of transition to parenthood, and involving both partners. Special attention must be given to the improvement of mothers' communication of her needs as well as the promotion of fathers' psychoeducation about those needs, therefore promoting more effective and adequate response strategies, such as dyadic problem solving (for example, developing joint dyadic coping strategies) The aim of these interventions would be to ameliorate the impact of daily stressors for both partners and therefore promote better individual and dyadic adjustment.
IPOs, Institutional Complexity, and Management Accounting in Hybrid Organisations: A Field Study in a State Owned Enterprise in China

An initial public offering (IPO) is an important milestone for an organisation. In addition to pressures from capital markets unavoidably imposed onto newly listed firms, other beliefs, rationales, and prescriptions deriving from the institutional environment where they operate may prevail and guide organisational practices. Drawing on the perspective of institutional logics, this paper investigates the implementation of management accounting (MA) within firms that face multiple institutional demands following an IPO. By studying a Chinese state owned enterprise (SOE) that was recently listed, this paper demonstrates that the interplay of multiple logics, including State, corporate, and capital market logics, shapes the manner in which MA operates. This study also reveals that different MA practices tend to encompass institutional demands in diverse ways and to varying degrees. However, regardless of whether MA practices are implemented to simply respond to plural institutional expectations, connect different organising principles, or balance elements of multiple logics, they function as hybrid practices, helping to maintain the hybrid nature of the firm as a 'listed SOE' This study makes two main contributions. First, it extends the literature on IPOs by providing an in depth analysis of how MA is implemented and why it functions in particular ways in firms following an IPO, and by exploring the influences of a wider set of beliefs, rationales, and expectations on the MA practices of newly listed companies. Second, by drawing on the perspective of institutional logics, this paper extends prior research addressing the dynamics between institutional complexity and MA adoption by individual organisations and enriches our understanding of how hybrid organisations may maintain their hybridity through the deployment of MA practices.
State Owned Enterprise in China: Reform, Performance, and Prospects

State owned enterprise reform in China has travelled a long and uneven road. Arguably, its key driver has been the introduction of competition across China's transforming economy, both the surge of new forms of domestic ownership and the ever expanding access to technology and business methods from abroad. By highlighting the public good character of China's SOEs, this paper underscores the importance of a clear Coasian assignment of property rights and reduced transaction costs. The paper then reviews the three stages of the reform of China's state sector over the past 30 years, drawing on the literature that describes the intentions, achievements, and shortcomings of China's reform program. Finally, the paper reviews the 2015 reform guidelines and the recent literature assessing these guidelines, including the intent of the guidelines to clearly distinguish between the public service and commercial mission of individual SOEs, so that the latter SOEs can be more rigorously accountable to corporate fiduciary responsibilities.
Nonverbal Behavior and Communication in the Workplace

Nonverbal behavior is a hot topic in the popular management press. However, management scholars have lagged behind in understanding this important form of communication. Although some theories discuss limited aspects of nonverbal behavior, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of nonverbal behavior geared toward organizational scholars. Furthermore, the extant literature is scattered across several areas of inquiry, making the field appear disjointed and challenging to access. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on nonverbal behavior with an eye towards applying it to organizational phenomena. We begin by defining nonverbal behavior and its components. We review and discuss several areas in the organizational sciences that are ripe for further explorations of nonverbal behavior. Throughout the paper, we offer ideas for future research as well as information on methods to study nonverbal behavior in lab and field contexts. We hope our review will encourage organizational scholars to develop a deeper understanding of how nonverbal behavior influences the social world of organizations.
Robot nonverbal behavior improves task performance in difficult collaborations
Venue: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction (HRI)

Nonverbal behaviors increase task efficiency and improve collaboration between people and robots. In this paper, we introduce a model for generating nonverbal behavior and investigate whether the usefulness of nonverbal behaviors changes based on task difficulty. First, we detail a robot behavior model that accounts for top down and bottom up features of the scene when deciding when and how to perform deictic references (looking or pointing) Then, we analyze how a robot's deictic nonverbal behavior affects people's performance on a memorization task under differing difficulty levels. We manipulate difficulty in two ways: by adding steps to memorize, and by introducing an interruption. We find that when the task is easy, the robot's nonverbal behavior has little influence over recall and task completion. However, when the task is challenging because the memorization load is high or because the task is interrupted a robot's nonverbal behaviors mitigate the negative effects of these challenges, leading to higher recall accuracy and lower completion times. In short, nonverbal behavior may be even more valuable for difficult collaborations than for easy ones.
Nonverbal behavior and corrective feedback in nine ESL university level classrooms

Nonverbal behavior is an area of recent interest in second language acquisition (SLA) Some researchers have found that teachers' nonverbal behavior plays a role in second language (L2) learners' learning. Furthermore, corrective feedback during L2 interaction can also be facilitative of L2 development; however, little is known about how nonverbal behavior accompanies teachers' corrective feedback. The current study investigated teachers' nonverbal behavior in corrective feedback during 48 observations (about 65 hours of recordings) of nine classrooms for English as a second language (ESL) The results indicated that teachers used a variety of nonverbal behavior in their corrective feedback, including hand gestures (specifically iconics, metaphorics, deictics, and beats) head movements, affect displays, kinetographs, and emblems. Specific nonverbal behaviors that commonly occurred in the observations were nodding, head shaking, pointing at an artifact, and pointing at a person.
Urban rural ecological networks for landscape planning

Urban rural landscape planning research is nowadays focusing on strategies and tools that support practitioners to design local areas where human and natural pressures interfere. A prominent framework is provided by ecological network studies, whose design regards the combination of a set of green areas and patches (nodes) interconnected through environmental corridors (edges) Ecological networks are key for biodiversity protection and enhancement, as they are able to counteract fragmentation, and to create and strengthen relations and exchanges among otherwise isolated elements. Biodiversity evolution, indeed, depends on the quantity and quality of spatial cohesion of natural areas. In this paper, we propose a methodological framework based on network modelling for the study and modelling of ecological networks. We use network properties and centrality measures (degree, clustering coefficient, and betweenness centrality) and take into account the intensity of the dispersal capacity by introducing the corresponding weighted centrality measures. We simulate the dynamics of ecological networks by monitoring the residual dispersal capacity and the number of connected components from three perspectives: random attacks, deterministic attacks according to decreasing betweenness centrality and influence of master plans. We demonstrate that spatial network analysis is useful to monitor the performance of ecological networks and support decision making, management, and planning. The proposed methodology is applied to the case study of the peri urban and urban areas of the town of Nuoro (Italy) Patches (nodes) have been selected among the ecosystems with target vegetal species Holm oak and cultivated and wild Olive while the connecting corridors (links) enable for seed dispersal.
Research collaboration and topic trends in Computer Science based on top active authors
Venue: PeerJ Comput. Sci.

Academic publication metadata can be used to analyze the collaboration, productivity and hot topic trends of a research community. In this paper, we study a specific group of authors, namely the top active authors. They are defined as the top 1% authors with uninterrupted and continuous presence in scientific publications over a time window. We take the top active authors in the Computer Science (CS) community over different time windows in the past 50 years, and use them to analyze collaboration, productivity and topic trends. We show that (a) the top active authors are representative of the overall population; (b) the community is increasingly moving in the direction of Team Research, with increased level and degree of collaboration; and (c) the research topics are increasingly inter related. By focusing on the top active authors, it helps visualize these trends better. Besides, the observations from top active authors also shed light on design of better evaluation framework and resource management for policy makers in academia. Subjects Data Mining and Machine Learning, Data Science, Digital Libraries, Network Science and Online Social Networks,
Monopolistic Competition Without Apology

We provide a selective survey of what has been accomplished under the heading of monopolistic competition in industrial organization and other economic fields. Among other things, we argue that monopolistic competition is a market structure in its own right, which encompasses a much broader set up than the celebrated constant elasticity of substitution (CES) model. Although oligopolistic and monopolistic competition compete for adherents within the economics profession, we show that this dichotomy is, to a large extend, unwarranted.
Impurity and defect monitoring in hexagonal Si and SiGe nanocrystals

Silicon Germanium in a hexagonal crystal structure is a candidate material for a direct band gap group IV semiconductor that can be integrated into the CMOS process. It has recently been synthesized as a crystalline shell grown epitaxial around a nanowire core of hexagonal Gallium Phosphide. In order to study the optical properties of this newly generated material and evaluate its potential for building optical devices it is necessary to grow defect and impurity free hexagonal Silicon Germanium. Impurity detection and mapping in nano structures is however challenging as most bulk and thin film characterization methods cannot be used. Here we show that Atom Probe Tomography can be used to map the impurities in hexagonal shells of Silicon Germanium and Silicon. This will allow to optimize growth of hexagonal Silicon Germanium nanocrystals towards impurity free, optically active crystals.
Modelling the radiotherapy effect in the reaction diffusion equation.
Venue: Physica medica PM an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics

In recent years, the reaction diffusion (Fisher Kolmogorov) equation has received much attention from the oncology research community due to its ability to describe the infiltrating nature of glioblastoma multiforme and its extraordinary resistance to any type of therapy. However, in a number of previous papers in the literature on applications of this equation, the term (R) expressing the 'External Radiotherapy effect' was incorrectly derived. In this note we derive an analytical expression for this term in the correct form to be included in the reaction diffusion equation.  The R term has been derived starting from the Linear Quadratic theory of cell killing by ionizing radiation. The correct definition of R was adopted and the basic principles of differential calculus applied.  The compatibility of the R term derived here with the reaction diffusion equation was demonstrated. Referring to a typical glioblastoma tumour, we have compared the results obtained using our expression for the R term with the 'incorrect' expression proposed by other authors.
Parking Space Classification using Convoluional Neural Networks

Our overall goal is to develop an automated system to count the empty parking spaces in a parking lot, given only an image of the lot (and, optionally, the bounding boxes of the spaces) as input. Two possible approaches are explored to achieve this: a binary classifier that can label an individual space image as empty or occupied, and a multinomial classifier (a.k.a. counter net) that returns the number of empty spaces given the entire lot image. The binary classifier has yielded very encouraging results, with over a 99% overall accuracy and strong indications that it would generalize well to other parking lots. However, the major downside is that it requires the bounding boxes of the parking spaces, limiting its usefulness to stationary camera feeds. The counter net has an overall accuracy of about 81% much lower than the binary classifier, and its errors exhibit a wide variance. This is a useful baseline, but more improvements should be made to make it more practical for real world use. If this approach can be improved, however, it would be the more useful of the two since it only requires the image as input.
Fast Classification of Empty and Occupied Parking Spaces Using Integral Channel Features
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

In this paper we present a novel, fast and accurate system for detecting the presence of cars in parking lots. The system is based on fast integral channel features and machine learning. The methods are well suited for running embedded on low performance platforms. The methods are tested on a database of nearly 700,000 images of parking spaces, where 48.5% are occupied and the rest are free. The experimental evaluation shows improved robustness in comparison to the baseline methods for the dataset.