nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating seafood eco labeling as a mechanism to reduce collateral impacts of fisheries in an ecosystem based fisheries management context

By considering not only target species catch but also bycatch of non target species and habitat damage, ecosystem based fisheries management (EBFM) has the potential to minimize the environmental impact of fisheries. Defining and benchmarking EBFM strategies for these incidental environmental impacts has been challenging, and this lack of consensus has, in part, resulted in a proliferation of eco labeling schemes with variable and vague criteria for environmental targets. The performance of fisheries certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) the most prominent eco labeling certifier, was compared to non certified fisheries and evaluated against target reference points for a suite of metrics derived from the EBFM literature. Specifically we compared marine mammal bycatch, finfish discard rates, and gear impacts between MSC certified fisheries and non certified fisheries. Discards of non target finfish and bycatch rates of marine mammals were no different between certified and non certified U.S. fisheries. Observer coverage was no higher in certified fisheries, and many fisheries failed to meet the coverage level thought adequate to document bycatch of protected species. MSC certified fisheries did have lower average gear destructiveness scores than non certified stocks when weighted by landings but not when weighted by the number of fisheries. Our analysis indicates that MSC certified fisheries perform better on some ecosystem based sustainability metrics but are indistinguishable from non certified stocks on others, and improvement is needed for all certified fisheries to meet quantitative goals for the collateral impacts of fishing.
On chip, self detected THz dual comb spectrometer

We present a directly generated on chip dual comb source at THz frequencies. The multiheterodyne beating signal of two free running THz quantum cascade laser frequency combs is measured electrically using one of the combs as a detector, fully exploiting the unique characteristics of quantum cascade active regions. Up to 30 modes can be detected corresponding to a spectral bandwidth of 630 GHz, being the available bandwidth of the dual comb configuration. The multiheterodyne signal is used to investigate the equidistance of the comb modes showing an accuracy of 10 12 at the carrier frequency of 2.5 THz.
On chip, self detected terahertz dual comb source

We present a directly generated on chip dual comb source at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The multi heterodyne beating signal of two free running THz quantum cascade laser frequency combs is measured electrically using one of the combs as a detector, fully exploiting the unique characteristics of quantum cascade active regions. Up to 30 modes can be detected corresponding to a spectral bandwidth of 630 GHz, being the available bandwidth of the dual comb configuration. The multi heterodyne signal is used to investigate the equidistance of the comb modes showing an accuracy of 10 12 at the carrier frequency of 2.5 THz.
Design and Implementation of VoIP Based Two Tier Cognitive Radio Network for Improved Spectrum Utilization
Venue: IEEE Systems Journal

Cognitive radio networks (CRN) have paved the way toward the increase in spectrum utilization through opportunistic usage of available idle spectrum bands. However, its capacity is bounded by various factors, including channel characteristics, licensed user behavior, application requirements, etc. Currently, a fixed upper bound of the system capacity in CRN limits further progress in research in this domain. The work in this paper aims to solve this problem by introducing the concept of `two tier CRN' that not only increases overall system capacity but also allows the system to host diverse applications, thereby initiating a new direction of future research in this discipline. This paper provides the novel design approach for VoIP based two tier CRN with every detail of formulation of the framework. The complex interaction among primary and secondary users in the proposed system is studied extensively in mathematical, simulation, and Markov models. Performance evaluation confirms 300% improvement in link utilization and, hence, higher network throughput in a two tier CRN as compared with a basic one tier CRN. Finally, the practical significance of the designed network is established by successfully implementing it in a test bed based disaster management system.
QoS Design Consideration for Enterprise and Provider's Network at Ingress and Egress Router for VoIP protocols

Compliance with the Service Level Agreement (SLA) metric is a major challenge in a Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private Network (MPLS VPN) because mandatory models must be maintained on both sides of the MPLS VPN in order to achieve end to end service levels. The end to end service of an MPLS VPN can be degraded owing to various issues such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) and Random Early Detection (RED) that prevents congestion and differentiates between legitimate and illegitimate user traffic. In this study, we propose a centralized solution that uses a SLA Violation Detector (SLAVD) and intrusion detection to prevent SLA violation.
Hybrid wireless ad hoc network design based on WIFI technology for facing seismic catastrophes
Venue: 2016 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

Natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis have frequently happened at many places around the world. Disaster monitoring is one of the most challenging application in wireless ad hoc networks as establishing infrastructure based networks are neither feasible nor suitable in that environments. In this paper, we propose a Hybrid wireless ad hoc network design to insure communication means to grasp the information with disaster area, resident's safety and relief goods on the occurrence of disaster. By combining multiple wireless network nodes, a large ad hoc network is organized in the sky on the disaster area and can cover shelters or interrupted communication area as urgent communication means. The system configuration and its function are described. A basic prototype system is constructed to evaluate its function and performance through several disaster applications such as Voice over IP telephone (VoIP) via Internet emergency system.
Rethinking Framework of Integrated Interest Rate and Credit Risk Management in Emerging Markets

This chapter reassesses the economics of interest rate risk management in light of the global financial crisis by developing a derivative based integrated treatment of interest rate and credit risk interrelation. The decade long historical data on credit default swap spreads and interest rate swap rates are used as proxy measures for credit risk and interest rate risk, respectively. An elasticity of interest rate risk and credit risk, considered a function of the business cycle phases, maturity of instruments, economic sector, creditworthiness, and other macroeconomic parameters, is investigated for optimizing economic capital. This chapter sheds light on how financial institutions may address hedge strategies against downside risks implementing the proposed derivative based integrated treatment of interest rate and credit risk assessment allowing for optimization of interest rate swap contracts. The developed framework of integrated interest rate and credit risk management is of special importance for emerging markets heavily dependent on foreign capital as it potentially allows emerging market banks to improve risk management practices in terms of capital adequacy and Basel III rules. Analyzing diversification versus compounding effects, it allows enhancing financial stability through jointly optimizing Pillar 1 and Pillar 2 economic capital.
Do Not Over (P) Value Your Research Article.
Venue: JAMA cardiology

P value is by far the most prevalent statistic in the medical literature but also one attracting considerable controversy. Recently, the American Statistical Association1 released a policy statement on P values, noting that misunderstanding and misuse of P values is an important contributing factor to the common problem of scientific conclusions that fail to be reproducible. Furthermore, reliance on P values may distract from the good scientific principles that are needed for high quality research. Mark et al2 delve deeper into the history and interpretation of the P value in this issue of JAMA Cardiology. Herein, we take the opportunity to state a few principles to help guide authors in the use and reporting of P values in the journal. When the limitations surrounding P values are emphasized, a common question is, "What should we do instead?" Ron Wasserstein of the American Statistical Association explained: "In the post p<0.05 era, scientific argumentation is not based on whether a p value is small enough or not. Attention is paid to effect sizes and confidence intervals. Evidence is thought of as being continuous rather than some sort of dichotomy. Instead, journals [should evaluate] papers based on clear and detailed description of the study design, execution, and analysis, having conclusions that are based on valid statistical interpretations and scientific arguments, and reported transparently and thoroughly enough to be rigorously scrutinized by others."3 We suggest that researchers submitting manuscripts to JAMA Cardiology should also consider the following: 1. Data that are descriptive of the sample (ie, indicating imbalances between observed groups but not making inference to a population) should not be associated with P values. Appropriate language, in this case, would describe numerical differences and sample summary statistics and focus on differences of clinical importance. 2. In addition to summary statistics and confidence intervals, standardized differences (rather than P values) are a preferred way to exhibit imbalances between groups. 3. P values are most meaningful in the context of clear, a priori hypotheses that support the main conclusions of a manuscript. 4. Reporting stand alone P values is discouraged, and preference should be given to presentation and interpretation of effect sizes and their uncertainty (confidence intervals) in the scientific context and in light of other evidence. Crossing a threshold (eg, P .05) by itself constitutes only weak evidence. 5. Researchers should define and interpret effect measures that are clinically relevant. For example, clinical importance is often difficult to establish on the odds ratio scale but is clearer on the risk ratio or absolute risk difference scale. In summary, following Mark et al,2 we encourage researchers to focus on interpreting clinical research data in terms of treatment "effect" magnitude and precision, using P value only as one of many complementary tools in the statistical toolbox.
Blended context aware ubiquitous learning in museums: environment, navigation support and system development
Venue: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing

With the rapid development of wireless networks, mobile technology and sensing technology, context aware ubiquitous learning (u learning) which allows anytime and anywhere learning, has been widely discussed and investigated in recent years. It has been proven by several studies that situating students to learn from the real world, such as in museums, with u learning systems is beneficial to them. However, the traditional context aware ubiquitous learning environment suffers from some physical limitations. For example, the capacity of the learning targets is limited, and moving time for reaching the learning targets is required. These physical limitations may affect students' learning efficiency. To create a more efficient ubiquitous learning environment, a novel learning framework, namely blended context aware ubiquitous learning (b learning) is proposed in this paper. A navigation algorithm, B MONS, is also proposed for the novel learning framework to guide students to learn efficiently in the b learning environment. Based on the proposed b learning framework, a blended context aware ubiquitous learning system, BCAULS, with a navigation support mechanism based on B MONS was designed and developed. To compare the efficacy of this new proposed framework with other learning platforms, a field experiment of the learning activity, "Rocks and Fossils," was conducted in the National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan. The experiment results indicate that the students performed better in the b learning environment than in the u learning and e learning environments.
An Authoring Environment for Smart Objects in Museums: the meSch Approach
Venue: SERVE@AVI

The meSch project addresses the challenges of creating a personally meaningful, sensorily rich, and socially expanded museum visitor experience through tangible and embodied interaction with digital content. It is of paramount importance that cultural heritage professionals are directly involved in the design of those experiences. The meSch approach is to empower cultural heritage professionals with tools that guide them through a do it yourself process of creating or adapting digitally augmented experiences for their own museum spaces, therefore reducing the barriers of introducing Internet of Things technology in cultural heritage spaces.
Spring maize (Zea mays L. response to different crop establishment and moisture management practices in north west plains of India

Maize cultivation for green cobs during the spring season is a remunerative proposition for the farmers in the north Indian plains. However, high evapo transpiration demand of spring maize exerts considerable pressure on already depleting water resources. Thus, a two year field experiment was conducted at GBPUA T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India to determine the effect of rice residue mulch, earthing up, alternate furrow irrigation and crop establishment methods on productivity, profitability and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of spring maize. Results revealed that application of rice straw mulch (6 t/ha) enhanced plant height, number of green leaves, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index and yield attributes. Reproductive stage set in advance in mulch treated plots compared to plots under other treatments. Green cob yield from mulched plot was the highest that was 37% higher over the flat planting alone. Broad bed planting and flat planting followed by earthing up treatments produced the second and third highest cob yield, respectively. Planting on broad bed registered the highest IWUE (352.5 kg/ha cm) Mulch treatment also earned higher net returns and B: C ratio than remaining treatments.
Optimal Pesticide Scheduling in Precision Agriculture
Venue: 2016 ACM/IEEE 7th International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems (ICCPS)

Agricultural automation presents challenges typically encountered in the realm of cyber physical systems, such as incomplete information (plant health indicators) external disturbances (weather) limited control authority (fertilizers cannot make a plant mature arbitrarily fast) and a combination of discrete events and continuous plant dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the problem of optimal pesticide spray scheduling. Regulations impose strict requirements on scheduling, e.g. individual pesticides are only effective during certain seasons and pesticides cannot be sprayed too close to harvest time. We show how to translate these requirements to a metric temporal logic formula over the space of schedules. We next use the theory of optimal mode scheduling to generate a schedule that minimizes the risk of various infestations over time while guaranteeing the satisfaction of the constraints. We demonstrate this methodology via simulation with scheduling constraints based on recommendations and regulations from agricultural experts. Our case study considers blueberries, a crop whose cultivation currently involves little automation.
Into the depths of C: elaborating the de facto standards
Venue: PLDI 2016

C remains central to our computing infrastructure. It is notionally defined by ISO standards, but in reality the properties of C assumed by systems code and those implemented by compilers have diverged, both from the ISO standards and from each other, and none of these are clearly understood. We make two contributions to help improve this error prone situation. First, we describe an in depth analysis of the design space for the semantics of pointers and memory in C as it is used in practice. We articulate many specific questions, build a suite of semantic test cases, gather experimental data from multiple implementations, and survey what C experts believe about the de facto standards. We identify questions where there is a consensus (either following ISO or differing) and where there are conflicts. We apply all this to an experimental C implemented above capability hardware. Second, we describe a formal model, Cerberus, for large parts of C. Cerberus is parameterised on its memory model; it is linkable either with a candidate de facto memory object model, under construction, or with an operational C11 concurrency model; it is defined by elaboration to a much simpler Core language for accessibility, and it is executable as a test oracle on small examples. This should provide a solid basis for discussion of what mainstream C is now: what programmers and analysis tools can assume and what compilers aim to implement. Ultimately we hope it will be a step towards clear, consistent, and accepted semantics for the various use cases of C.
Work Hour Mismatch and Job Mobility: Adjustment Channels and Resolution Rates

This paper analyses the role of job changes in overcoming work hour constraints and the work hour mismatches resulting from these constraints (i.e. differences between actual and desired work hours) Building on previous findings that job change increases the flexibility of actual work hours, the study addresses two as yet neglected questions in the context: (i) How do changes in desired work hours, in addition to changes in actual work hours, contribute to the resolution of thesemismatches? (ii) Does the increased flexibility help actually to resolve work hour mismatches? We exploit information about the magnitude of the prevailing mismatch to improve both the credibility and interpretation of the results. We find that job change increases the probability of resolving work hour mismatches, but far less than expected with free choice of hours across jobs. Instead, large fractions of workers either stay or switch into overemployment. We thoroughly investigate the robustness and heterogeneity of our results.
Misaligned Disks in the Binary Protostar IRS 43

Recent high angular resolution \sim$0.2" ALMA observations of the 1.1 mm continuum and of HCO+ J=3 2 and HCN J=3 2 gas towards the binary protostar IRS 43 reveal multiple Keplerian disks which are significantly misaligned \gt$ 60$\circ$ both in inclination and position angle and also with respect to the binary orbital plane. Each stellar component has an associated circumstellar disk while the binary is surrounded by a circumbinary disk. Together with archival VLA measurements of the stellar positions over 25 years, and assuming a circular orbit, we use our continuum measurements to determine the binary separation, a 74 \pm$ 4 AU, and its inclination, i \lt$ 30$\circ$ The misalignment in this system suggests that turbulence has likely played a major role in the formation of IRS 43.
IRS proteins and diabetic complications
Venue: Diabetologia

IRS proteins are cellular adaptor molecules that mediate many of the key metabolic actions of insulin. When tyrosine is phosphorylated by the activated insulin receptor, IRS proteins recruit downstream effectors, such as phosphoinositide 3 kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase, in order to elicit cellular responses such as glucose uptake, lipid metabolism and cell proliferation. There are two main IRS proteins in humans (IRS1 and IRS2) both of which are widely expressed. Given their central role in the insulin signalling pathway, it is not surprising that male mice lacking Irs1 or Irs2 present with elevated blood glucose or type 2 diabetes, respectively. For reasons yet to be identified, female Irs2 mice do not develop type 2 diabetes. A number of organs are affected by complications of diabetes; macrovascular complications include stroke and coronary artery disease, while nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy fall into the category of microvascular complications. Given the serious consequences of these complications on patient morbidity and mortality, it is essential to identify the molecular pathogenesis underlying diabetic complications, with a view to improving therapeutic intervention and patient outcomes. A number of recently published papers have converged on the hypothesis that the loss of insulin signalling and IRS proteins is instrumental to the development and/or progression of diabetic complications. This review will summarise some highlights from the published work in which this hypothesis is discussed.
Individual attitudes and social influences on college students' intent to participate in study abroad programs

Participation in study abroad programs (SAPs) is widely viewed as offering important professional and personal benefits for college students. This study applies the Theory of Reasoned Action [Ajzen, I. Fishbein, M. (1980) Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.  The results suggest that both individual attitudes and subjective norms are influential factors for college students, and the effects are dependent on the type of SAPs. The current research offers several additions to the SAPs literature. Also, the results offer new insights for higher education and other institutional managers for increasing student participation in SAPs.
Predicting domain specific risk taking attitudes of mainland China university students: a hyper core self evaluation approach

This study applied the framework of hyper core self evaluation to examine the risk taking attitudes, in the ethical, financial, health/safety, recreational, and social domains, of 437 university students from Harbin, China. Under the hyper core self evaluation approach, overconfidence and hubristic pride were found to be significant predictors of risk taking attitudes in the ethical, financial, and health/safety domains. The control variable of sensation seeking found in the Impulsive Behavior Scale was also significant in predicting risk taking attitudes in certain domains. Different regression analysis models were run to generate these results. Limited studies have focused on Chinese university students' risk taking attitudes in different domains, and most studies have merely applied sensation seeking and impulsivity in understanding risk taking. However, this empirical study contributes to finding out whether a particular group of Chinese students had high levels of overconfidence and hubristic pride (as many young people do) and whether these common characteristics could contribute to the understanding of risk taking attitudes in the five domains.