nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of a MnCl2/CaCl2 NH3 two stage solid sorption freezing system for a refrigerated truck

A MnCl2/CaCl2 NH3 two stage solid sorption freezing system consisting of a MnCl2 sorption bed, a CaCl2 sorption bed, an evaporator and a condenser is established for a refrigerated truck, for which the required refrigerating capacity is 1.13 kW at a refrigerating temperature of 5 degC. Composite adsorbents of MnCl2 and CaCl2 developed by expanded natural graphite treated with sulfuric acid are utilized. The sorption/desorption process and the resorption process are coupled in the two stage cycle. The experimental results show that the maximum refrigerating capacity of 1.25 kW and COP (coefficient of performance) of 0.143 are obtained at a resorption time of 120 min when the hot air and refrigerating temperatures are 230 degC and 5 degC, respectively. In addition, the refrigerating capacity of 1.19 kW is achieved even when the hot air temperature is as low as 210 degC, and such a result can satisfy the requirement for transporting fresh goods. The refrigerating capacity is 1.32 kW when the hot air and refrigerating temperatures are 270 degC and 10 degC, respectively, and the data are higher than the required refrigerating capacity. However, for refrigerating temperatures of 15 degC and 18 degC, the refrigerating capacity experimentally obtained could meet the requirement only when a truck is utilized for long distance transportation.
Modulation of Ionic Channels and Insulin Secretion by Drugs and Hormones in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Venue: Molecular Pharmacology

Pancreatic beta cells, unique cells that secrete insulin in response to an increase in glucose levels, play a significant role in glucose homeostasis. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic beta cells has been extensively explored. In this mechanism, glucose enters the cells and subsequently the metabolic cycle. During this process, the ATP/ADP ratio increases, leading to ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channel closure, which initiates depolarization that is also dependent on the activity of TRP nonselective ion channels. Depolarization leads to the opening of voltage gated Na+ channels (Nav) and subsequently voltage dependent Ca2+ channels (Cav) The increase in intracellular Ca2+ triggers the exocytosis of insulin containing vesicles. Thus, electrical activity of pancreatic beta cells plays a central role in GSIS. Moreover, many growth factors, incretins, neurotransmitters, and hormones can modulate GSIS, and the channels that participate in GSIS are highly regulated. In this review, we focus on the principal ionic channels (KATP, Nav, and Cav channels) involved in GSIS and how classic and new proteins, hormones, and drugs regulate it. Moreover, we also discuss advances on how metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus change channel activity leading to changes in insulin secretion.
Transcriptome landmarks of the functional maturity of rat beta cells, from lactation to adulthood.
Venue: Journal of molecular endocrinology

Research on the postnatal development of pancreatic beta cells has become an important subject in recent years. Understanding the mechanisms that govern beta cell postnatal maturation could bring new opportunities to therapeutic approaches for diabetes. The weaning period consists of a critical postnatal window for structural and physiologic maturation of rat beta cells. To investigate transcriptome changes involved in the maturation of beta cells neighboring this period, we performed microarray analysis in fluorescence activated cell sorted (FACS) beta cell enriched populations. Our results showed a variety of gene sets including those involved in the integration of metabolism, modulation of electrical activity, and regulation of the cell cycle that play important roles in the maturation process. These observations were validated using reverse hemolytic plaque assay, electrophysiological recordings, and flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, we suggest some unexplored pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, insulin vesicle trafficking, regulation of transcription/transduction by miRNA 30, trafficking proteins, and cell cycle proteins that could play important roles in the process mentioned above for further investigation.
Structural Transformation in the OECD

In tandem with the diffusion of computer technologies, labour markets across the OECD have undergone rapid structural transformation. In this paper, we examine i) the impact of technological change on labour market outcomes since the computer revolution of the 1980s, and ii) recent developments in digital technology including machine learning and robotics and their potential impacts on the future of work. While it is evident that the composition of the workforce has shifted dramatically over recent decades, in part as a result of technological change, the impacts of digitalisation on the future of jobs are far from certain. On the one hand, accumulating anecdotal evidence shows that the potential scope of automation has expanded beyond routine work, making technological change potentially increasingly labour saving: according to recent estimates 47 percent of US jobs are susceptible to automation over the forthcoming decades. On the other hand, there is evidence suggesting that digital technologies have not created many new jobs to replace old ones: an upper bound estimate is that around 0.5 percent of the US workforce is employed in digital industries that emerged throughout the 2000s. Nevertheless, at first approximation, there is no evidence to suggest that the computer revolution so far has reduced overall demand for jobs as technologically stagnant sectors of the economy including health care, government and personal services continue to create vast employment opportunities. Looking forward, however, we argue that as the potential scope of automation is expanding, many sectors that have been technologically stagnant in the past are likely to become technologically progressive in the future. While we should expect a future surge in productivity as a result, the question of whether gains from increases in productivity will be widely shared depends on policy responses.
Overhearing Protocol Design Exploiting Intercell Interference in Cooperative Green Networks
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

The conventional two way relaying (TWR) protocol requires that the transmitter (receiver) in one direction must be the receiver (transmitter) in the other direction, a limitation precluding the application of the TWR for sophisticated real world wireless networks. In this paper, we study a more general multicell system consisting of a downlink (DL) traffic in one cell and an uplink (UL) traffic in an adjacent cell, with a multiantenna relay located in the cell edge and shared by both cells. For the coexistence of DL and UL transmissions, we propose exploiting the overheard signals from the adjacent cell (commonly known as the intercell interference) to improve the quality of signal reception in both cells. To reduce the power consumption to suit for green networks, we design the optimum relay precoder to minimize the total power at the relay yet satisfying the rate constraints for both the DL and UL traffic flows. The original precoder design is a nonconvex problem that is difficult to solve. To make the problem tractable, we transform the nonconvex problem to an equivalent quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) which is then solved by the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Finally, simulations validate the effectiveness of our proposed protocol together with the optimized relay precoder.
Impact of financial crisis and family control on earning management of Portuguese listed firms

Accounting information is used to evaluate the firm's financial performance. Although, firms may have incentives to engage in earnings management, misleading all stakeholders. This study aims to analyse earnings management behaviours of Portuguese listed firms. Both accrual based and real activities of earnings management are analysed to draw an overall picture of earnings management' strategies. Most studies focused only in discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management, since cash flow based earnings management is more difficult to detect. Although both strategies can be complementary instead of substituting. Moreover, the impact of financial crisis, family control, and firm characteristics is taken into account. Previous literature found that 2008 crisis had impact on earnings management as firms want to meet debt covenants and investors' expectations. Moreover, family firms also impact the magnitude of earnings management. While some researchers found a negative relationship since managers are highly controlled, others found the opposite relationship because the family may want to maximize their own wealth. Analysing 51 listed firms, from 2003 till 2015, results show that firms engage more in earnings management during crisis, when the firm's financial situation is less stable. In addition, accrual based earnings management is higher in family firms than in non family ones, suggesting less quality of information in the first group. Due to less control of family firms, the family may expropriate minority investors' wealth to increase personal benefits. Finally, the impact of firms' characteristics on earnings management depends on the proxy of earning management analysed, suggesting that firms use accrual or real activities earnings management depending on its purposes.
A mixed cation lead mixed halide perovskite absorber for tandem solar cells
Venue: Science

Perovskites for tandem solar cells Improving the performance of conventional single crystalline silicon solar cells will help increase their adoption. The absorption of bluer light by an inexpensive overlying solar cell in a tandem arrangement would provide a step in the right direction by improving overall efficiency. Inorganic organic perovskite cells can be tuned to have an appropriate band gap, but these compositions are prone to decomposition. McMeekin et al. show that using cesium ions along with formamidinium cations in lead bromide iodide cells improved thermal and photostability. These improvements lead to high efficiency in single and tandem cells. Science, this issue p. 151 Addition of cesium cations creates a robust ideal inorganic organic perovskite absorber for tandem silicon solar cells. Metal halide perovskite photovoltaic cells could potentially boost the efficiency of commercial silicon photovoltaic modules from ~20 toward 30% when used in tandem architectures. An optimum perovskite cell optical band gap of ~1.75 electron volts (eV) can be achieved by varying halide composition, but to date, such materials have had poor photostability and thermal stability. Here we present a highly crystalline and compositionally photostable material, [HC(NH2)2]0.83Cs0.17Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3, with an optical band gap of ~1.74 eV, and we fabricated perovskite cells that reached open circuit voltages of 1.2 volts and power conversion efficiency of over 17% on small areas and 14.7% on 0.715 cm2 cells. By combining these perovskite cells with a 19% efficient silicon cell, we demonstrated the feasibility of achieving >25% efficient four terminal tandem cells.
Representation, recognition and foreign policy in the Iran US relationship

In the past two decades, scholars have illustrated how important representation is to understanding the dynamics of world politics. However, there is a distinct absence in the literature surrounding how representations of one state by another influence foreign policymaking behaviour. This article fills a gap in knowledge by offering an empirical examination of the role that representation and recognition play. I contribute to these discussions through an examination of the representations evident within the Iran US relationship. I argue that binary representations of Self and Other inform the identity narratives of each state and how they are recognised. Furthermore, these representations contribute to misrecognition, which creates a feeling of disrespect, exacerbating tensions between Iran and the US as they engage in nuclear negotiations.
Second order consensus for heterogeneous multi agent systems in the cooperation competition network: A hybrid adaptive and pinning control approach

In this paper, a second order consensus problem is investigated for the heterogeneous agents in the cooperation competition network, with the parameters of the agents' dynamics being uncertain. By introducing an exosystem, a hybrid adaptive and pinning control strategy is firstly proposed to ensure that all the agents follow a desired trajectory which is a function of the exosystem state. Several effective sufficient conditions are obtained by applying algebraic graph theory and the Barbalat lemma. Besides, the switching topologies between the competition agents are also considered. With the help of the Barbalat like lemma, it is found that second order consensus problem of the heterogeneous agents can be solved even when the competition sub network is dynamic. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
3D flash lidar performance in flight testing on the Morpheus autonomous, rocket propelled lander to a lunar like hazard field
Venue: Defense Security

For the first time, a 3 D imaging Flash Lidar instrument has been used in flight to scan a lunar like hazard field, build a 3 D Digital Elevation Map (DEM) identify a safe landing site, and, in concert with an experimental Guidance, Navigation, and Control system, help to guide the Morpheus autonomous, rocket propelled, free flying lander to that safe site on the hazard field. The flight tests served as the TRL 6 demo of the Autonomous Precision Landing and Hazard Detection and Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) system and included launch from NASA Kennedy, a lunar like descent trajectory from an altitude of 250m, and landing on a lunar like hazard field of rocks, craters, hazardous slopes, and safe sites 400m down range. The ALHAT project developed a system capable of enabling safe, precise crewed or robotic landings in challenging terrain on planetary bodies under any ambient lighting conditions. The Flash Lidar is a second generation, compact, real time, air cooled instrument. Based upon extensive on ground characterization at flight ranges, the Flash Lidar was shown to be capable of imaging hazards from a slant range of 1 km with an 8 cm range precision and a range accuracy better than 35 cm, both at 1 s. The Flash Lidar identified landing hazards as small as 30 cm from the maximum slant range which Morpheus could achieve (450 m) however, under certain wind conditions it was susceptible to scintillation arising from air heated by the rocket engine and to pre triggering on a dust cloud created during launch and transported down range by wind.
Highly Sensitive, Wearable, Durable Strain Sensors and Stretchable Conductors Using Graphene/Silicon Rubber Composites

Highly sensitive, wearable and durable strain sensors are vital to the development of health monitoring systems, smart robots and human machine interfaces. The recent sensor fabrication progress is respectable, but it is limited by complexity, low sensitivity and unideal service life. Herein a facile, cost effective and scalable method is presented for the development of high performance strain sensors and stretchable conductors based on a composite film consisting of graphene platelets (GnPs) and silicon rubber. Through calculation by the tunneling theory using experimental data, the composite film has demonstrated ideal linear and reproducible sensitivity to tensile strains, which is contributed by the superior piezoresistivity of GnPs having tunable gauge factors 27.7 164.5. The composite sensors fabricated in different days demonstrate pretty similar performance, enabling applications as a health monitoring device to detect various human motions from finger bending to pulse. They can be used as electronic skin, a vibration sensor and a human machine interface controller. Stretchable conductors are made by coating and encapsulating GnPs with polydimethyl siloxane to create another composite; this structure allows the conductor to be readily bent and stretched with sufficient mechanical robustness and cyclability.
Modeling Twitter as weighted complex networks using retweets
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM)

Social Networks are evolving rapidly to have a significant number of users using or joining their platforms daily, and a huge volume of information exchange and flow continuously. As human is the center of all information traffic, the information propagation became subjected to the relations and influences between the sources of these information and their followers or fans, these influences might be difficult to understand and model directly. While observing Twitter network, we emphasize on the importance of the retweet as a primary method for information propagation inside Twitter network. We present a detailed analysis for the behavior of the retweet functionality in the Twitter platform, and then we show how our findings could shape the diffusion of the information in a network according to the relations and influences between users. Moreover, we propose measures to form a fully weighted directed graph where links and nodes have calculated values, and links are only assigned at the existence of communication transactions; the new measures can be used to predict influences and information diffusions. Finally, we demonstrate how using a retweet network for specific users, we can allocate key players and hidden identities who are potentially having the same ideology or maybe belong to the same group of interest.
Lipid rafts promote liver cancer cell proliferation and migration by up regulation of TLR7 expression
Venue: Oncotarget

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Toll like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immune responses and TLR signaling has been associated with various chronic liver diseases. Lipid rafts provide the necessary microenvironment for certain specialized signaling events to take place, such as the innate immune recognition. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of TLR7 expression in HCC, how to recruit TLR7 into lipid rafts responded to ligands and whether targeting TLR7 might have beneficial effects. The study group was comprised of 130 human liver tissues: 23 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) 18 liver cirrhosis (LC) 68 HCC and 21 normal livers. The expression of TLR7 was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Proliferation and migration of human HepG2 cells were studied following stimulation of TLR7 using the agonist gardiquimod and inhibition with a specific antagonist 20S protopanaxadiol (aPPD) The activation of lipid raft associated TLR7 signaling was measured using western blotting, double immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation in liver tissues and HepG2 cells. TLR7 expression was up regulated in human HCC tissues and hepatoma cell line. Proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells in vitro increased significantly in response to stimulation of TLR7. TLR7 inhibition using aPPD significantly reduced HepG2 cell migration in vitro. The lipid raft protein caveolin 1 and flotillin 1 were involved with enhanced TLR7 signaling in HCC.  The data suggest that inhibiting TLR7 with antagonists, like aPPD, could potentially be used as a novel therapeutic approach for HCC.
Microwave a.c. conductivity of domain walls in ferroelectric thin films
Venue: Nature communications

Ferroelectric domain walls are of great interest as elementary building blocks for future electronic devices due to their intrinsic few nanometre width, multifunctional properties and field controlled topology. To realize the electronic functions, domain walls are required to be electrically conducting and addressable non destructively. However, these properties have been elusive because conducting walls have to be electrically charged, which makes them unstable and uncommon in ferroelectric materials. Here we reveal that spontaneous and recorded domain walls in thin films of lead zirconate and bismuth ferrite exhibit large conductance at microwave frequencies despite being insulating at d.c. We explain this effect by morphological roughening of the walls and local charges induced by disorder with the overall charge neutrality. a.c. conduction is immune to large contact resistance enabling completely non destructive walls read out. This demonstrates a technological potential for harnessing a.c. conduction for oxide electronics and other materials with poor d.c. conduction, particularly at the nanoscale.
RETHINKING ENERGYPERFORMANCE TRADE OFF in Mobile Web Page Loading
Venue: GetMobile Mob. Comput. Commun.

Excerpted from "Rethinking Energy Performance Trade Off in Mobile Web Page Loading," from Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking with permission. http:/dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2790103 (c) ACM 2015. Web browsers are one of the core applications on smartphones and other mobile devices, such as tablets. However, web browsing, particularly web page loading, is of high energy consumption as mobile browsers are largely optimized for performance and thus impose a significant burden on power hungry mobile devices. With the advent of modern web capabilities, websites even become more complex and energy demanding. In the meantime, slow progress in battery technology constrains battery budget for mobile devices. As users are more aware of energy consumption of apps, it is desirable to improve the energy efficiency of web browsing, particularly web page loading.
Ensemble Tractography
Venue: PLoS Comput. Biol.

Tractography uses diffusion MRI to estimate the trajectory and cortical projection zones of white matter fascicles in the living human brain. There are many different tractography algorithms and each requires the user to set several parameters, such as curvature threshold. Choosing a single algorithm with specific parameters poses two challenges. First, different algorithms and parameter values produce different results. Second, the optimal choice of algorithm and parameter value may differ between different white matter regions or different fascicles, subjects, and acquisition parameters. We propose using ensemble methods to reduce algorithm and parameter dependencies. To do so we separate the processes of fascicle generation and evaluation. Specifically, we analyze the value of creating optimized connectomes by systematically combining candidate streamlines from an ensemble of algorithms (deterministic and probabilistic) and systematically varying parameters (curvature and stopping criterion) The ensemble approach leads to optimized connectomes that provide better cross validated prediction error of the diffusion MRI data than optimized connectomes generated using a single algorithm or parameter set. Furthermore, the ensemble approach produces connectomes that contain both short and long range fascicles, whereas single parameter connectomes are biased towards one or the other. In summary, a systematic ensemble tractography approach can produce connectomes that are superior to standard single parameter estimates both for predicting the diffusion measurements and estimating white matter fascicles.