nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Wireless Mobile Computing Platform for Fall Risk Prediction

2016 Falls are a major health risk with which the elderly and disabled must contend. Scientific research on smartphone based gait detection systems using the Internet of Things (IoT) has recently become an important component in monitoring injuries due to these falls. Analysis of human gait for detecting falls is the subject of many research projects. Progress in these systems, the capabilities of smartphones, and the IoT are enabling the advancement of sophisticated mobile computing applications that detect falls after they have occurred. This detection has been the focus of most fall related research; however, ensuring preventive measures that predict a fall is the goal of this health monitoring system. By performing a thorough investigation of existing systems and using predictive analytics, we built a novel mobile application/system that uses smartphone and smartshoe sensors to predict and alert the user of fall before it happens. The major focus of this dissertation has been to develop and implement this unique system to help predict the risk of falls. We used built in sensors accelerometer and gyroscope in smartphones and a sensor embedded smart shoe. The smart shoe contains four pressure sensors with a Wi Fi communication module to unobtrusively collect data. The interactions between these sensors and the user resulted in distinct challenges for this research while also creating new performance goals based on the unique characteristics of this system. In addition to providing an exciting new tool for fall prediction, this work will make several contributions to current and future generation mobile computing research.
Looking Down the Barrel of a Gun: What Do We Know About the Weapon Focus Effect?

Eyewitness memory for the perpetrator or circumstances of a crime is generally worse for scenarios involving weapons compared to those involving non weapon objects a pattern known for decades as the weapon focus effect. But despite ample support from laboratory experiments and recognition by experts, testimony concerning weapon focus is rarely admissible in court. The present article summarizes a selection of key findings within the weapon focus literature and considers whether the effect warrants consideration by the criminal justice system at this time. We conclude that weapon focus is sufficiently robust and uncontroversial to guide practice so long as consideration is given to the circumstances surrounding the criminal event with a particular emphasis on witness expectation.
Environmental implications of planned obsolescence and product lifetime: a literature review

The aim of this paper was to explore the implications of planned obsolescence (PO) and the associated product lifetime on the environmental impact of products. To achieve this task, a literature review was performed to assess both the historical context and recent situation of planned obsolescence. A search in scholarly journals was performed to evaluate to what extent product lifetime and PO have been discussed in the recent literature. Based on the findings, selected cases of PO are discussed and trends in the practice of limiting product lifetime are identified. Factors considered to have a significant influence on product lifetime have been identified and discussed. The discussion of case studies made it possible to establish the links between product design, manufacturing and associated impacts of lifetime. The role of the actors along the value chain is also considered to propose a business scheme, where the influences of consumer behaviour and design choices are crucial. Finally, strategies to facilitate the definition of different scenarios are given. These strategies may serve to increase the reliability of environmental assessment throughout a product life cycle.
Planned Obsolescence and Product Service Systems: Linking Two Contradictory Business Models

Planned obsolescence and product service systems are two business models which have evolved as popular strategies for technology oriented companies. Interestingly they appear to be contradictory. While planned obsolescence refers to the policy of planning or designing a product with a limited life span, product service systems are integrated combinations of products and services, designed to jointly meet and fulfill specific customer needs. We present examples that illustrate both approaches and reveal and discuss interdependencies and linkages between the two business models. Based on additional illustrative cases, we discuss possible combinations of both approaches and develop a conceptual framework for evaluating the applicability of hybrid combinations of planned obsolescence and product service systems with respect to different industries and corporate resources and competencies. Although there is no connection at first sight, our conceptual framework suggests that planned obsolescence and product service systems are not mutually exclusive, but rather describe two ends of a business model or strategy continuum. Moreover, our framework provides some straightforward managerial implications and paves the way for further research.
Perceived Task Similarities for Task Recommendation in Crowdsourcing Systems
Venue: WWW

Crowdsourcing platforms support the assignment of jobs while relying on the workers' search capabilities. Recommenders can support the workers' decisions to improve quality and outcome for both worker and requester. A precedent study showed, that many workers expect to get tasks recommended, which are similar to previously finished ones. In order to create genuine task recommendation, similarities between tasks have to be identified and analyzed. Therefore, this work provides an empirical study about how workers perceive task similarities. The perceived task similarities may vary between workers with different cultural background and may depend e.g. on the complexity, required action or the requester of the task.
Forensic detection of inverse tone mapping in HDR images
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)

High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is attracting an increasing deal of attention in the multimedia community, yet its forensic problems have been little studied so far. This paper proposes an HDR image forensic method, which aims at differentiating HDR images created from multiple low dynamic range (LDR) images from those created from a single LDR image by inverse tone mapping. For each kind of HDR image, a Gaussian mixture model is learned. Thereafter, an HDR image forensic feature is constructed based on calculating the Fisher scores. With comparison to a steganalytic feature and a texture/facial analysis feature, experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in HDR image forensic classification on whole images as well as small blocks, for three inverse tone mapping methods.
Ab initio based model for high temperature nitrogen rovibrational excitation and dissociation

We present DMS calculations to investigate vibrational excitation and dissociation in molecular nitrogen, including both N 3 and N 4 processes and under strong nonequilibrium conditions. A preliminary constitutive model is also described and parameterized with the available DMS results. The analysis of vibrational energy distributions obtained with DMS shows that high vibrational energy states are immediately populated in the initial stages of the dissociation process, due to the very energetic nature of the molecular collisions. Throughout the excitation process, distributions remain highly nonequilibrium and generally have a strong bimodal character. Quite interestingly, the pre collision distributions of molecules undergoing dissociation rapidly converge toward the QSS distribution, even in the early portion of the excitation. This may suggest that, once high v states become sufficiently populated, the dissociation process is effectively initiated. Hence, we introduce the idea of a critical vibrational incubation temperature Tc,v to account for the excitation of the high energy tails of the system distribution f(v) If Tv Tc,v, little to no dissociation occurs, even at very high translational temperatures. Once high v states are sufficiently populated (Tv Tc,v) then dissociation proceeds at a rate controlled by a combination of Tt and Tv (and, in principle, Tr) A preliminary model for nitrogen vibrational excitation and dissociation is proposed here based on the analysis of the DMS results. The new model reproduces particularly well both energy and composition history, including the slower initial dissociation (incubation period) for the vibrational excitation and dissociation process simulated with DMS from several initial conditions. Furthermore, it also describes the QSS state, characterized by Tv Tt.
Determinants of European parents' decision on the vaccination of their children against measles, mumps and rubella: A systematic review and meta analysis
Venue: Human vaccines immunotherapeutics

Low measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) immunization levels in European children highlight the importance of identifying determinants of parental vaccine uptake to implement policies for increasing vaccine compliance. The aim of this paper is to identify the main factors associated with partial and full MMR vaccination uptake in European parents, and combine the different studies to obtain overall quantitative measures. This activity is included within the ESCULAPIO project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Health. ORs and CIs were extracted, sources of heterogeneity explored and publication bias assessed. Forty five papers were retrieved for the qualitative study, 26 of which were included in the meta analysis. The following factors were associated with lower MMR vaccine uptake: misleading knowledge, beliefs and perceptions on vaccines (OR 0.57, CI 0.37 0.87) negative attitudes and behaviors toward vaccination (OR 0.71, CI 0.52 0.98) demographic characteristics, such as different ethnicity in Southern populations (OR 0.44, CI 0.31 0.61) higher child's age (OR 0.80, CI 0.76 0.85) low socio economic status (OR 0.64, CI 0.51 0.80) especially low income (OR 0.39, CI 0.25 0.60) and education (OR 0.64, CI 0.48 0.84) high number of children (OR 0.54, CI 0.42 0.69) irregular marital status (OR 0.80, CI 0.66 0.96) The factors explaining heterogeneity were country location, administration modality, collection setting and responses reported on MMR alone or in combination. Findings from this study suggest policy makers to focus communication strategies on providing better knowledge, correct beliefs and perceptions on vaccines, and improving attitudes and behaviors in parents; and to target policies to people of ethnic minority from Southern Europe, low educated and deprived, with higher number of children and non married marital status.
Middle school students' flipped learning readiness in foreign language classrooms: Exploring its relationship with personal characteristics and individual circumstances
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

This study surveyed 387 middle school 7th graders' flipped learning readiness in their English as a foreign language (EFL) classrooms and explored the effects of personal characteristics on their readiness levels. These personal characteristics included gender, the availability of outside school support and resources, foreign language beliefs, perceptions of their English teachers, and how they use the Internet. Through factor analysis, flipped learning readiness consists of five dimensions: learner control and self directed learning, technology self efficacy, motivation for learning, in class communication self efficacy, and doing previews. It was found that personal characteristics and individual circumstances, including language beliefs, student perceptions of teacher characteristics, the availability of outside school support and resources, learning performance, study time and net surfing time, can make a difference to the levels of the readiness dimensions. These findings may shed light on the middle schoolers' flipped learning readiness in EFL classrooms and provide insights for teachers wanting to incorporate individualized instruction in the flipped classroom. This study surveyed middle schoolers' flipped learning readiness in EFL classrooms.The lowest readiness was the dimension regarding doing previews.The effects of personal characteristics on readiness levels were explored.Language beliefs can impact flipped earning readiness.Student perceptions toward teachers can also impact the readiness.
Teacher Student Perspectives of Invisible Pedagogy: New Directions in Online Problem Based Learning Environments.

Universities and institutions of higher education are facing economic pressures to sustain large classes, while simultaneously maintaining the quality of the online learning environment (Deming et al, 2015) Digital learning environments require significant pedagogical shifts on the part of the teacher. This paper is a qualitative examination of the nature of teaching in the digital age, and the significant changes facing teachers in the 21C. The authors describe key features of quality distance pedagogy that were exhibited during 12 weeks of a synchronous undergraduate course held in Adobe Connect. The central research questions are 1. How can problem based learning pedagogy enable instructors to form smaller cohesive groups of students that take greater responsibility for their own learning? 2. What strategies can be used by teachers to develop communities of practice and inquiry? 3. How can an instructorin a large virtual class co create the level of social capital that is required to build and maintain the relationships that are a necessary condition for a high quality learning experience? and 4. What are the perceptions of teachers about the challenges and benefits of facilitating a high quality problem based learning environment through invisible pedagogy? The research is grounded in literature through the work of Cousins and Bissar (2012) Kaufman (2013) Badge, Saunders and Cann (2012) Flavin (2012) and McNeill, Gosper and Xu (2012) These authors examine how teachers and learners adapt to the digital age. In addition, more recent work by Bowers and Kumar (2015) Hoadley (2016) Deming et al (2015) and Gunduz et al (2016) are examined.In these digital spaces, teachersbecome facilitators, guides, collaborators and learners themselves, thus making traditional pedagogy virtually invisible. Further, the paper uses qualitative semi structured interviews of two assistant professors who instructed the two groups of undergraduate students The teachers identify challenges and successes to using problem based learning as a tool for attaining 21C learning outcomes in digital learning spaces.  Teacher Development, Online Pedagogy, Problem Based Learning
Who Would Pay for State Alcohol Tax Increases in the United States?
Venue: Preventing chronic disease

Despite strong evidence that increasing alcohol taxes reduces alcohol related harm, state alcohol taxes have declined in real terms during the past 3 decades. Opponents of tax increases argue that they are unfair to "responsible" drinkers and those who are financially disadvantaged. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of hypothetical state alcohol tax increases on the cost of alcohol for adults in the United States on the basis of alcohol consumption and sociodemographic characteristics.  The increased net cost of alcohol (ie, product plus tax) from a series of hypothetical state alcohol tax increases was modeled for all 50 states using data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, IMPACT Databank, and the Alcohol Policy Information System. Costs were assessed by drinking pattern (excessive vs nonexcessive) and by sociodemographic characteristics.  Among states, excessive drinkers would pay 4.8 to 6.8 times as much as nonexcessive drinkers on a per capita basis and would pay at least 72% of aggregate costs. For nonexcessive drinkers, the annual cost from even the largest hypothetical tax increase $0.25 per drink) would average less than $10.00. Drinkers with higher household incomes and non Hispanic white drinkers would pay higher per capita costs than people with lower incomes and racial/ethnic minorities.  State specific tax increases would cost more for excessive drinkers, those with higher incomes, and non Hispanic whites. Costs to nonexcessive drinkers would be modest. Findings are relevant to developing evidence based public health practice for a leading preventable cause of death.
Down Regulation of MicroRNA 137 Improves High Glucose Induced Oxidative Stress Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Up Regulation of AMPKa1
Venue: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry

To investigate the effects of miR 137 on high glucose (HG) induced vascular injury, and to establish the mechanism underlying these effects.  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transfected with miR 137 inhibitor or mimic, and then treated with normal or high glucose. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by using the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK 8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by fluorescent probe (DCFH DA) thiobarbituric acid reaction, and the nitroblue tetrazolium assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of AMPKa1 were determined by qRT PCR and Western blotting.  Down regulation of miR 137 dramatically reverted HG induced decreases in cell viability and SOD levels and increases in apoptosis, ROS and MDA levels. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis predicted that the AMPKa1 was a potential target gene of miR 137. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR 137 could directly target AMPKa1. AMPKa1 overexpression had the similar effect as miR 137 inhibition. Down regulation of AMPKa1 in HUVECs transfected with miR 137 inhibitor partially reversed the protective effect of miR 137 inhibition on HG induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.  Down regulation of miR 137 ameliorates HG induced injury in HUVECs by overexpression of AMPKa1, leading to increasing cellular reductive reactions and decreasing oxidative stress. These results provide further evidence for protective effect of miR 137 inhibition on HG induced vascular injury.
When big data meets software defined networking: SDN for big data and big data for SDN
Venue: IEEE Network

Both big data and software defined networking (SDN) have attracted great interests from both academia and industry. These two important areas have traditionally been addressed separately in the most of previous works. However, on the one hand, the good features of SDN can greatly facilitate big data acquisition, transmission, storage, and processing. On the other hand, big data will have profound impacts on the design and operation of SDN. In this paper, we present the good features of SDN in solving several issues prevailing with big data applications, including big data processing in cloud data centers, data delivery, joint optimization, scientific big data architectures and scheduling issues. We show that SDN can manage the network efficiently for improving the performance of big data applications. In addition, we show that big data can benefit SDN as well, including traffic engineering, cross layer design, defeating security attacks, and SDN based intra and inter data center networks. Moreover, we discuss a number of open issues that need to be addressed to jointly consider big data and SDN in future research.
Does the CDC Definition of Fever Accurately Predict Inflammation and Infection in Persons With SCI?
Venue: Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation

Pneumonia and septicemia have the greatest impact on reduced life expectancy in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) Fever is often the first presenting symptom of infection or inflammation. Thermoregulatory dysfunction in persons with SCI may preclude a typical febrile response to infection or inflammation and thus delay diagnostic workup.  To determine the core temperature of persons with SCI in the setting of infection or inflammation and the frequency with which it meets criteria for the CDC definition of fever >100.4degF)  Retrospective review of hospitalized SCI patients over 5 years with a diagnosis of infection or inflammation (DI) defined by serum leukocytosis. In this study, 458 persons with paraplegia (PP) and 483 persons with tetraplegia (TP) had 4,191 DI episodes. Aural temperatures (Tau) on the day of DI, 7 days prior, and 14 days afterwards were abstracted from medical records. Main outcome measures were average Tau at DI, frequency of temperatures >100.4degF at DI, and average baseline temperatures before and after DI.  Average Tau at DI was 98.2degF 1.5) and 98.2degF 1.4) in the TP and PP groups, respectively, with only 11.6% to 14% of DI resulting in Tau >100.4degF. Baseline temperatures ranged from 97.9degF 0.7) to 98.0degF 0.8)  SCI persons with leukocytosis infrequently mount a fever as defined by the CDC, and baseline temperatures were subnormal <98.6degF) Thermoregulatory dysfunction likely accounts for these findings. Tau >100.4degF is not a sensitive predictor of infection or inflammation in persons with SCI. Clinicians should be vigilant for alternative symptoms of infection and inflammation in these patients, so diagnostic workup is not delayed.
Deflection and cracking behavior of SFRSCC beams reinforced with hybrid prestressed GFRP and steel reinforcements

In the present work, the deflection and cracking behavior of I shaped cross sectional beams of Steel Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (SFRSCC) reinforced in flexure with hybrid prestressed steel strand and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars was investigated. Combining prestressed GFRP bars of relatively low elasticity modulus, but immune to corrosion (located with a small concrete cover) with prestressed steel strand (with higher concrete cover to avoid corrosion) a good balance in terms of reinforcement effectiveness, ductility, durability and cost competitiveness can be obtained. The steel strand aims also to assure the necessary flexural strengthening of the beams if GFRP bars become ineffective in case of fire occurrence. This work presents and discusses the results obtained from the experimental study of the beams tested in flexure under monotonic loading conditions. Additionally, the predictive performance of the available formulation in the design codes for the case of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) and FRP Reinforced Concrete (FRP RC) was assessed to be used for the proposed hybrid system.
Shear resistance of SFRSCC short span beams without transversal reinforcements

Corrosion of steel reinforcements, especially stirrups, is considered as one of the most common reasons that shorten the service life of the reinforced concrete structures. This study aims to replace the stirrups of the beams by means of a tailor made steel fiber reinforced self compacting concrete (SFRSCC) A hybrid flexural reinforcement system was used for all these beams, composed of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars placed near to the outer surface of the tensile zone and steel reinforcements positioned with higher SFRSCC cover to be protected against the corrosion, which is considered another strategy for enhancing the durability and attending fire issues in terms of safety at ultimate limit states. The effectiveness of varying the prestressing force applied to GFRP bars to improve the shear capacity and failure mode of the designed elements is evaluated. By considering the obtained experimental results, the predictive performance of some analytical formulations for the shear resistance of fiber reinforced concrete beams was assessed. All formulations demonstrate acceptable accuracy for design purposes, but the one proposed by CEB FIP Model Code 2010 predicts more conservative shear resistance.