nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Do Contexts Help in Phrase Based, Statistical Source Code Migration?
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME)

Prior research showed that to migrate Java code to C# by directly applying phrase based statistical machine translation (SMT) on the lexemes of source code produces much semantically incorrect code. In this work, we conduct empirical studies on several open source projects to investigate the use of well defined semantics in programming languages to guide the translation process in SMT. We have investigated five types of features forming the contexts involving the (semantic) relations among code tokens including occurrence association among code tokens, data and control dependencies among program entities, visibility constraints of entities, and the consistency in declarations and accesses of variables, fields and methods. We use the Direct Maximum Entropy (DME) approach for feature integration. Our empirical results show that as individual features added to the baseline SMT model, token association and data dependencies contribute much with highest relative improvement in semantic correctness of up to 18.3% and 18.5% respectively. The integration of three feature types (token association, data dependencies, and visibility) into the baseline model has highest relative improvement with up to 26.4% improvement in semantic correctness. Generally, 43.5 80.7% of the total translated methods are semantically correct. Our results show a good direction of using SMT with semantic features at different levels of abstraction to improve its accuracy.
Phrase based Machine Translation using Multiple Preordering Candidates
Venue: COLING

In this paper, we propose a new decoding method for phrase based statistical machine translation which directly uses multiple preordering candidates as a graph structure. Compared with previous phrase based decoding methods, our method is based on a simple left to right dynamic programming in which no decoding time reordering is performed. As a result, its runtime is very fast and implementing the algorithm becomes easy. Our system does not depend on specific preordering methods as long as they output multiple preordering candidates, and it is trivial to employ existing preordering methods into our system. In our experiments for translating diverse 11 languages into English, the proposed method outperforms conventional phrase based decoder in terms of translation qualities under comparable or faster decoding time.
Chilaiditi syndrome. An uncommon cause of crampy, upper abdominal pain.
Venue: Annals of hepatology

A 69 year old man with hypertension, mild (stage II) chronic kidney disease and uncomplicated type B aortic dissection presented to the emergency service with a 2week history of colicky upper abdominal pain and nausea. His symptoms had progressively worsened with shortness of breath that was exacerbated with activity. At presentation, he denied fever, vomiting or weight loss. The patient appeared uncomfortable. Upon physical examination, his abdomen was distended, the right hypochondrium revealed mild tenderness with tympanic percussion tones. Laboratory investigations were noncontributory with the exception of a mild leukocytosis of 10,900/mL and elevated ESR of 23 mm/h. A chest radiograph was obtained  It suggested the presence of an air filled distended bowel tract within the right subphrenic space, with the superior liver profile depressed below the level of the left hemidiaphragm  Computed tomography  revealed no free air, confirming the presence of isolated pseudopneumoperitoneum, due to colonic interposition between the liver and diaphragm (Chilaiditi's sign) The patient was treated conservatively and observed with analgesia, intravenous fluids and bowel decompression to which he responded favorably. He was well and discharged home 4 days later. The Official Journal of the Mexican Association of Hepatology, the Latin American Association for Study of the Liver and the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver
The Impact of Upper Abdominal Pain During Pregnancy Following a Gastric Bypass
Venue: Obesity Surgery

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to describe the risk of internal herniation (IH) and the obstetric outcome in pregnant women with Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and episodes of upper abdominal pain.MethodsThe cohort included 133 women with RYGB: 94 with 113 pregnancies, from the local area referred for routine antenatal care (local cohort) and 39 with 40 pregnancies referred from other hospitals for specialist consultation due to RYGB. RYGB was mainly performed without closure of the mesenteric defects. Data collected from medical records were episodes of upper abdominal pain, pregestational and gestational abdominal surgery and pregnancy outcome. The risk of upper abdominal pain was estimated in the local cohort. Surgical intervention, IH and obstetric outcome according to pain were evaluated for 139 pregnancies with delivery of a singleton after 24 weeks of gestation (birth cohort).ResultsUpper abdominal pain complicated 42/113 (37.2 pregnancies in the local cohort and 11 women (9.7 had IH. In the birth cohort, upper abdominal pain complicated 64/139 (46.0 pregnancies; surgery was performed in 30/64 (46.9 and IH diagnosed in 21/64 (32.8 The median gestational age at onset of pain was 25 3 weeks. Women reporting abdominal pain had a higher risk of preterm birth (n 14/64 vs. 1/75, p 0.005) lower median gestational length (269 vs. 278 days, p 0.005) and lower median birth weight (3018 vs. 3281 g, p 0.002) compared to women without abdominal pain.ConclusionsUpper abdominal pain during pregnancy is frequent among women with Roux en Y gastric bypass, is often due to IH and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome.
Evaluating the Patient with Right Upper Quadrant Abdominal Pain.
Venue: Emergency medicine clinics of North America

Right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain is among the most common complaints in the emergency department. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes gastrointestinal (GI) and non GI causes for pain. Evaluation of patients requires a combination of history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and diagnostic imaging. This article details the anatomy and physiology of the right upper abdomen and approach to the history and physical examination of the most common diseases encountered in the emergency department. "Can't miss," non GI diagnoses are discussed. Best practices of laboratory and imaging, and treatment of most common diagnoses of RUQ pain are reviewed.
Applying Scrum project management in ECE curriculum
Venue: 2016 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE)

Scrum is a cyclical project management technique whereby members of a development team work together to define product development strategies in pursuit of a common objective in an adaptable and incremental manner. We have found that Scrum is a promising approach for exposing students to project management of undergraduate engineering projects. But, the technique is not used often in undergraduate education, and it is virtually unknown outside of software engineering circles. We are experimenting with using Scrum in projects across several years of undergraduate engineering education. Our goal is to gradually expose students to project management in order to make their project experiences and learning more efficient and effective. We report on successful initial implementations in freshman courses and senior capstone design courses. Obstacles include expanding practice across all four years, accommodating a diverse student population, and overcoming a lack of experience in assessing Scrum project management.
Afghanistan in 2015: a survey of the Afghan people

This seminar is free and open to the public. The findings of The Asia Foundation's latest Survey of the Afghan People are being released at an important moment for Afghanistan. Crucial questions of security, economic stability, and reconciliation face the administration of President Ashraf Ghani and CEO Abdullah Abdullah. An atmosphere of increasing civilian casualties and unrest threaten the fragile but significant progress the country has made toward peace and prosperity over the past decade.
Fatherhood in a New Country: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Experiences of Afghan Men and Implications for Health Services.
Venue: Birth

Fathers of refugee background are dealing with multiple, interrelated stressors associated with forced migration and establishing their lives in a new country. This has implications for the role of men in promoting the health and well being of their families.  Afghan community researchers conducted interviews with 30 Afghan women and men who had recently had a baby in Australia. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with health professionals working with families of refugee background.  Fourteen men, 16 women, and 34 health professionals participated. Afghan men reported playing a major role in supporting their wives during pregnancy and postnatal care, accompanying their wives to appointments, and providing language and transport support. Although men embraced these roles, they were rarely asked by health professionals about their own concerns related to their wife's pregnancy, or about their social circumstances. Perinatal health professionals queried whether it was their role to meet the needs of men.  There are many challenges for families of refugee background navigating maternity services while dealing with the challenges of settlement. There is a need to move beyond a narrow conceptualization of antenatal and postnatal care to encompass a broader preventive and primary care approach to supporting refugee families through the period of pregnancy and early years of parenting. Pregnancy and postnatal care needs to be tailored to the social and psychological needs of families of refugee background, including men, and incorporate appropriate language support, in order to improve child and family health outcomes.
Trading Worlds: Afghan Merchants Across Modern Frontiers

Trading Worlds is an anthropological study of a little understood yet rapidly expanding global trading diaspora, namely the Afghan merchants of Afghanistan, Central Asia and Europe. It contests one sided images that depict traders from this and other conflict regions as immoral profiteers, the cronies of warlords or international drug smugglers. It shows, rather, the active role these merchants play in an ever more globalised political economy. Afghan merchants, the author demonstrates, forge and occupy critical economic niches, both at home and abroad: from the Persian Gulf to Central Asia, to the ports of the Black Sea; and in global cities such as Istanbul, Moscow and London, the traders' activities are shaping the material and cultural lives of the diverse populations among whom they live. Through an exploration of the life histories, trading activities and everyday experiences of these mobile merchants, Magnus Marsden shows that traders' worlds are informed by complex forms of knowledge, skill, ethical sensibility, and long lasting human relationships that often cut across and dissolve boundaries of nation, ethnicity, religion and ideology.
Afghan Journeys to Turkey: Narratives of Immobility, Travel and Transformation

This article is an analysis of Afghan migrants' journeys to Turkey. The journey is defined as a form of narrative constructed by migrants encompassing long periods of immobility punctuated by shorter instances of travel. This conceptualisation of journey helps transcend the dichotomies associated with the journey such as origin and destination. The article first documents the conditions and nature of irregular travel of Afghan migrants to Turkey focusing particularly on the section of travel between Iran and Turkey. It demonstrates that the arrival of most participants to Turkey had been preceded by non linear travel that involves uncertainty and long periods of immobility. The article then focuses on the role of journeys in the migration process, specifically as a form of narrative and a space for transformation. The construction of narratives on the journey is also important both as a skill and an agentic action that gives meaning to the migration process as a whole. Finally, the transformative potential of the journeys for participants is illustrated both in terms of the impact of the journey on migration decisions in Turkey and the ability to acquire and demonstrate different skills and autonomy.
Examining the Effects of Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, and Employee Training on Organizational Commitment

Building organizational commitment among employees is one of the important factors for ensuring organizational effectiveness. This is because committed employees can lead to favourable organizational outcomes. Based on the review of literature, it is observed that there are limited data on organizational commitment in education sector. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of three factors namely employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on organizational commitment in Malaysian higher education context. To fulfil the stated objective, the data were collected using an online survey from 242 employees at the public universities in northern Malaysia. The collected data were analysed on SPSS and structural equation modelling (SEM) The findings indicated that employee empowerment has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. The effect of teamwork on organizational commitment was also found to be positive and statistically significant. Finally, the findings confirmed that employee training has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. These findings are expected to provide beneficial suggestions for the management in higher education sector to improve organizational commitment among their employees by focusing on employee empowerment, training, and teamwork.
Examining the Effects of Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, and Employee Training on Job Satisfaction

Building job satisfaction is undoubtedly one of the objectives for any organization. This study is designed to test the effects of employee empowerment, teamwork, and employee training on job satisfaction in higher education sector. The data were collected from 242 employees of public universities in northern Malaysia using an online survey. The collected data were analysed using structural equation modelling on AMOS. The findings indicated that employee empowerment has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. It was also found that teamwork has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Finally, the findings revealed that employee training has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction.
How Much Novelty is Relevant? It Depends on Your Curiosity
Venue: SIGIR

Traditional recommendation systems (RS's) aim to recommend items that are relevant to the user's interest. Unfortunately, the recommended items will soon become too familiar to the user and hence fail to arouse her interest. Discovery oriented recommendation systems (DORS's) complement accuracy with "discover utilities" (DU's) such as novelty and diversity and optimize the tradeoff between the DU's and accuracy of the recommendations. Unfortunately, DORS's ignore an important fact that different users have different appetites for DU's. That is, highly curious users can accept highly novel and diversified recommendations whereas conservative users would behave in the opposite manner. In this paper, we propose a curiosity based recommendation system (CBRS) framework which generates recommendations with a personalized amount of DU's to fit the user's curiosity level. The major contribution of this paper is a computational model of user curiosity, called Probabilistic Curiosity Model (PCM) which is based on the curiosity arousal theory and Wundt curve in psychology research. In PCM, we model a user's curiosity with a curiosity distribution function learnt from the user's access history and compute a curiousness score for each item representing how curious the user is about the item. CBRS then selects items which are both relevant and have high curiousness score, bounded by the constraint that the amount of DU's fits the user's DU appetite. We use joint optimization and co factorization approaches to incorporate the curiosity signal into the recommendations. Extensive experiments have been performed to evaluate the performance of CBRS against the baselines using a music dataset from last.fm. The results show that compared to the baselines CBRS not only provides more personalized recommendations that adapt to the user's curiosity level but also improves the recommendation accuracy.
Experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners working in collaborative practice models in primary healthcare in Australia a multiple case study using mixed methods
Venue: BMC Family Practice

BackgroundIn 2010 policy changes were introduced to the Australian healthcare system that granted nurse practitioners access to the public health insurance scheme (Medicare) subject to a collaborative arrangement with a medical practitioner. These changes facilitated nurse practitioner practice in primary healthcare settings. This study investigated the experiences and perceptions of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners who worked together under the new policies and aimed to identify enablers of collaborative practice models.MethodsA multiple case study of five primary healthcare sites was undertaken, applying mixed methods research. Six nurse practitioners, 13 medical practitioners and three practice managers participated in the study. Data were collected through direct observations, documents and semi structured interviews as well as questionnaires including validated scales to measure the level of collaboration, satisfaction with collaboration and beliefs in the benefits of collaboration. Thematic analysis was undertaken for qualitative data from interviews, observations and documents, followed by deductive analysis whereby thematic categories were compared to two theoretical models of collaboration. Questionnaire responses were summarised using descriptive statistics.ResultsUsing the scale measurements, nurse practitioners and medical practitioners reported high levels of collaboration, were highly satisfied with their collaborative relationship and strongly believed that collaboration benefited the patient. The three themes developed from qualitative data showed a more complex and nuanced picture: 1) Structures such as government policy requirements and local infrastructure disadvantaged nurse practitioners financially and professionally in collaborative practice models; 2) Participants experienced the influence and consequences of individual role enactment through the co existence of overlapping, complementary, traditional and emerging roles, which blurred perceptions of legal liability and reimbursement for shared patient care; 3) Nurse practitioners' and medical practitioners' adjustment to new routines and facilitating the collaborative work relied on the willingness and personal commitment of individuals.ConclusionsFindings of this study suggest that the willingness of practitioners and their individual relationships partially overcame the effect of system restrictions. However, strategic support from healthcare reform decision makers is needed to strengthen nurse practitioner positions and ensure the sustainability of collaborative practice models in primary healthcare.
Arithmetic with optical topological charges in stepwise excited Rb vapor.
Venue: Optics letters

We report on experimentally observed addition, subtraction, and cancellation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the process of parametric four wave mixing that results in frequency up and down converted emission in Rb vapor. Specific features of OAM transfer from resonant laser fields with different optical topological charges to the spatially and temporally coherent blue light (CBL) have been considered. We have observed the conservation of OAM in nonlinear wave mixing in a wide range of experimental conditions, including a noncollinear geometry of the applied laser beams, and furthermore, that the CBL accumulates the total OAM of the applied laser light. Spectral and power dependences of vortex and plane wavefront blue light beams have been compared.
Siamese Instance Search for Tracking
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

In this paper we present a tracker, which is radically different from state of the art trackers: we apply no model updating, no occlusion detection, no combination of trackers, no geometric matching, and still deliver state of the art tracking performance, as demonstrated on the popular online tracking benchmark (OTB) and six very challenging YouTube videos. The presented tracker simply matches the initial patch of the target in the first frame with candidates in a new frame and returns the most similar patch by a learned matching function. The strength of the matching function comes from being extensively trained generically, i.e. without any data of the target, using a Siamese deep neural network, which we design for tracking. Once learned, the matching function is used as is, without any adapting, to track previously unseen targets. It turns out that the learned matching function is so powerful that a simple tracker built upon it, coined Siamese INstance search Tracker, SINT, which only uses the original observation of the target from the first frame, suffices to reach state of the art performance. Further, we show the proposed tracker even allows for target re identification after the target was absent for a complete video shot.
Siamese Recurrent Architectures for Learning Sentence Similarity
Venue: AAAI

We present a siamese adaptation of the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network for labeled data comprised of pairs of variable length sequences. Our model is applied to assess semantic similarity between sentences, where we exceed state of the art, outperforming carefully handcrafted features and recently proposed neural network systems of greater complexity. For these applications, we provide word embedding vectors supplemented with synonymic information to the LSTMs, which use a fixed size vector to encode the underlying meaning expressed in a sentence (irrespective of the particular wording/syntax) By restricting subsequent operations to rely on a simple Manhattan metric, we compel the sentence representations learned by our model to form a highly structured space whose geometry reflects complex semantic relationships. Our results are the latest in a line of findings that showcase LSTMs as powerful language models capable of tasks requiring intricate understanding.