nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
DAG Structured Long Short Term Memory for Semantic Compositionality
Venue: NAACL

Recurrent neural networks, particularly long short term memory (LSTM) have recently shown to be very effective in a wide range of sequence modeling problems, core to which is effective learning of distributed representation for subsequences as well as the sequences they form. An assumption in almost all the previous models, however, posits that the learned representation (e.g. a distributed representation for a sentence) is fully compositional from the atomic components (e.g. representations for words) while non compositionality is a basic phenomenon in human languages. In this paper, we relieve the assumption by extending the chain structured LSTM to directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) with the aim to endow linear chain LSTMs with the capability of considering compositionality together with non compositionality in the same semantic composition framework. From a more general viewpoint, the proposed models incorporate additional prior knowledge into recurrent neural networks, which is interesting to us, considering most NLP tasks have relatively small training data and appropriate prior knowledge could be beneficial to help cover missing semantics. Our experiments on sentiment composition demonstrate that the proposed models achieve the state of the art performance, outperforming models that lack this ability.
Near field localization of under water noise source based on matrix spatial filter with vector sensor array processing

To detect the weak sources of interest area which are obscured by strong sources, a new algorithm of near field localization of underwater noise source based on matrix filter is proposed. This algorithm use matrix filter as a pretreatment to filter array data of vector sensor, optimized design method is used to design the matrix filter, and then formulate the problem into a second order cone programming model to calculate the matrix equation, which can strictly control the attenuation of stop band, and it can avoid increment of noise power by restrain the norm of matrix filter. With this filter matrix, a new covariance matrix is produced for the following beam forming processing with vector sensor array. Compared with the previous work, this algorithm can accurately locate the weak sources of interest that are obscured by strong sources; in addition, higher location accuracy and spatial resolution, better spatial anti aliasing performance, as well as stronger capability to distinguish the starboard and la.
The Generalization of Implicit Racial Bias to Young Black Boys: Automatic Stereotyping or Automatic Prejudice?

Although children typically elicit benevolence and care from adults, these protections are not afforded equally to children of all races: Implicit racial biases commonly directed toward Black adults appear to generalize to young Black children. In two experiments, we tested whether such effects reflect biases in semantic associations (i.e. automatic stereotyping) evaluative associations (i.e. automatic prejudice) or both. White participants categorized objects and words that varied in racial stereotypicality and valence after brief presentations of male faces that varied in race (Black, White) and age (adults, children) Results revealed consistent support for a general stereotyping account: Seeing Black male faces, regardless of age, facilitated the identification of both negative and positive stereotypic stimuli. We also found some support for a prejudice account, as these same faces facilitated the identification of negative stimuli more generally. Process dissociation procedure analyses further re.
Brief loving kindness meditation reduces racial bias, mediated by positive other regarding emotions

AbstractThe relationship between positive emotions and implicit racial prejudice is unclear. Interventions using positive emotions to reduce racial bias have been found wanting, while other research shows that positive affect can sometimes exacerbate implicit prejudice. Nevertheless, loving kindness meditation (LKM) has shown some promise as a method of reducing bias despite increasing a broad range of positive emotions. A randomised control trial (n 69) showed that a short term induction of LKM decreased automatic processing, increased controlled processing, and was sufficient to reduce implicit prejudice towards the target's racial group but not towards a group untargeted by the meditation. Furthermore, the reduction in bias was shown to be mediated by other regarding positive emotions alongside increased control and decreased automaticity on the IAT. Non other regarding positive emotions conversely showed no correlation with bias. The study is the first to show that a short term positive emotional induction can reduce racial prejudice, and aids the understanding of how positive emotions functionally differentiate in affecting bias.
The "Obama Effect" Priming Contemporary Racial Milestones Increases Implicit Racial Bias Among Whites

This research was designed to test if priming the election of President Obama as a contemporary racial milestone would increase implicit racial bias among White Americans. Participants (N 202) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a power threat prime (Obama) a majority threat prime (shifting racial demographics of the U.S. or no prime, before completing an implicit measure of positive and negative associations with Whites and Blacks. Consistent with group threat theory, both group threat primes increased implicit anti Black bias. In the power threat prime (Obama) condition, only those with lower internal motivation to respond without prejudice showed elevated implicit bias. Findings indicate that framing Obama as a racial pioneer elicits group threat reactions among Whites with low internal motivation to respond without prejudice, increasing implicit anti Black bias.
The effects of virtual racial embodiment in a gaming app on reducing prejudice

This research experimentally examined the effectiveness of the use of virtual racial embodiment in a digital gaming application for reducing bias against a non dominant group. The findings of this study advance theory and have practical implications for the design of immersive diversity initiatives. We tested avatar creation and the gaming app as a new modality for stimulating perspective taking. In addition, we explored how sex and race intersect in virtual embodiment and stereotyping. Results showed that creating and embodying a Black avatar produced more favorable beliefs about African American men, but not African American women, and greater support for "pro minority" policies in comparison to creating and playing a White avatar. Avatar liking was a significant moderator, but self presence had no effect.
Customised content and impact in Website evaluation models: the case of international film festivals
Venue: Inf. Res.

The main objective of this study is to design a methodology to evaluate international film festival Websites considering personalised content and content outcomes.  This model consists of formal indicators (personalised content and Web functionalities) and impact indicators (outcomes of the content on search engines) Analysis The sample chosen to validate the model is composed of all fourteen film festivals from the category of competitive film festivals, according to the 2011 international federation of film producers associations criteria. For each festival URL, all the indicators from the proposed model were calculated manually.  Only 28.57% of the festivals analysed have adequate content quality (i.e. they obtained at least 50 out of a possible 100 points) This means that the quality of Website content does not correspond to that of the associated event.  The proposed model is considered a valid and complementary tool for evaluating the quality of the content of international film festival Websites and suitable for inclusion in general Website evaluation models; it could also contribute to the improvement of design and construction guidelines for similar Websites.
Some Considerations Regarding Motivations and Overall Perceptions on Film Festivals

At the global level the events industry is developing and it is directly connected with sustainable development of communities in each country. Festivals are perceived nowadays as an important part of cultural and leisure attractiveness of destinations. Festivals as major events have the power to mobilize large numbers of people and create a significant impact on their lives by creating a positive experience for spectators and by changing humans' behaviour on long term in a positive way. The main purpose of the research is to study participants' motivations for attending a film festival, their perceptions and overall impression from different segments point of view. An exploratory and descriptive research was conducted. Data were collected from the attendees of the Transilvania International Film Festival, which takes place on a regular basis in Cluj Napoca, Romania using a faceto face interview based on a short questionnaire. The obtained results reveal significant variations in motivations and overall impression across main demographic features of the participants. The study brings some theoretical contributions, but also managerial implications.
How Does Regression Test Prioritization Perform in Real World Software Evolution?
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACM 38th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE)

In recent years, researchers have intensively investigated various topics in test prioritization, which aims to re order tests to increase the rate of fault detection during regression testing. While the main research focus in test prioritization is on proposing novel prioritization techniques and evaluating on more and larger subject systems, little effort has been put on investigating the threats to validity in existing work on test prioritization. One main threat to validity is that existing work mainly evaluates prioritization techniques based on simple artificial changes on the source code and tests. For example, the changes in the source code usually include only seeded program faults, whereas the test suite is usually not augmented at all. On the contrary, in real world software development, software systems usually undergo various changes on the source code and test suite augmentation. Therefore, it is not clear whether the conclusions drawn by existing work in test prioritization from the artificial changes are still valid for real world software evolution. In this paper, we present the first empirical study to investigate this important threat to validity in test prioritization. We reimplemented 24 variant techniques of both the traditional and time aware test prioritization, and investigated the impacts of software evolution on those techniques based on the version history of 8 real world Java programs from GitHub. The results show that for both traditional and time aware test prioritization, test suite augmentation significantly hampers their effectiveness, whereas source code changes alone do not influence their effectiveness much.
Context Aware User Feedback in Continuous Software Evolution
Venue: 2016 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Continuous Software Evolution and Delivery (CSED)

User feedback is an important means of validating requirements and discovering new requirements in continuous software evolution. However, users have a low motivation to provide feedback and prefer applications which do not interrupt their work. Due to missing context information, developers have difficulties to analyze feedback, and to integrate it into their development work. In this paper, we describe CAFE, a context aware feedback system which consists of: (1) a framework for collecting in situ user feedback enriched with usage context data; and (2) a process for integrating feedback into a team's development activities. While the process is applicable to all kinds of applications, the implemented framework concentrates on mobile user feedback and its particular challenges. We evaluated CAFE in a mobile application. Our results indicate that the system is a valuable step toward increasing user motivation to provide feedback and decreasing the developers' effort to integrate feedback, ultimately improving user involvement.
IN SILICO MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES ON THE PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF CADABA FRUTICOSA (L. DRUCE FOR ITS FERTILITY ACTIVITY

To study the effectiveness of phytocomponents from Cadaba fruticosa (L. Druce against CYP 17 using computational molecular docking studies. The characterization of polycystic ovarian syndrome is hyperinsulinemia, menstural irregularities, long term metabolic disturbances, and hyperandrogenism. Adrenal and ovarian androgen synthesis are induced by an enzyme, CYP 17 (P450c 17a) Due to increase in the activity of this enzyme, hyperandrogenism mainly occurs. By inhibiting the enzymatic activity, excess androgen synthesis can be prevented in ovarian theca cells. Literature study has reported that the gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis on the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of C. fruticosa possesses 20 compounds.  Molecular docking analysis was performed for the reported 20 compounds against CYP 17 using Schrodinger Glide software. These results were compared with the docked score of fertility inducing drug clomiphene citrate.  All 20 compounds have exhibited moderate to potent inhibition with a range of 3.3 to 7.9. Androstan 3 one, 17 hydroxy 2, 4 dimethyl and 3 Trifluoroacetoxypentadecane have showed potent inhibition with the docking score of 7.9 and 6.8, respectively.  The results revealed out that the compounds present in C. fruticosa can reduce the activity of CYP 17. This study throws a light on establishing the novel drug for infertility through experimental procedures.  Cadaba fruticosa, Glide score, Infertility, In silico, CYP 17, Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Protein function annotation using protein domain family resources.
Venue: Methods

As a result of the genome sequencing and structural genomics initiatives, we have a wealth of protein sequence and structural data. However, only about 1% of these proteins have experimental functional annotations. As a result, computational approaches that can predict protein functions are essential in bridging this widening annotation gap. This article reviews the current approaches of protein function prediction using structure and sequence based classification of protein domain family resources with a special focus on functional families in the CATH Gene3D resource.
Health effects of poor waste management in Nigeria: a case study of Abraka in Delta State

This study is on health effects of poor waste management. The study adopted the empirical research design. Data of waste was collected using measuring instruments and checklists and PPMC and ANOVA were adopted for data analysis. Findings include that; there is a strong positive correlation (r 0.859) between distance and number of persons whose health is affected by poor waste management. The ANOVA model was significant at p 0.05 this meant that there is a significant difference in the rate of infection from the dump sites. The study thus recommended the following: Dump sites should be established in the outskirts of the area. Adequate monitoring should be enforced in the area so that erring individuals can be penalised when caught. House owners in the area are advised to have a waste collector and also to key into the waste management scheme to be established in the area, etc.
Metropolitan land use patterns by economic function: a spatial analysis of firm headquarters and branch office locations in Australian cities

This paper develops a comparative means by which to understand metropolitan spatial structure through the dynamics of economic activities. Clustering and suburbanization have been key processes within the contemporary urban landscape, but few scholarly accounts have systematically merged the two to explain the geographies of economic activity. Using firm location as a variable to discern sector and industry based locational requirements, we explore land use and economic activity in Australia's five largest metropolitan areas. Drawing upon the respective headquarters and branch office locations of a set of publically traded firms, we seek to establish general spatial patterns across Australian cities using two proxy measures for clustering and suburbanization, being well established drivers of firm locational choice. Despite the complexity that post industrial and suburbanizing processes add to metropolitan land use patterns, we contend that certain patterns exist that can be generalized from one context to another across urban space, and that certain emerging trends such as the development of CBD fringe precincts merit greater attention.
Cryptographic key protection against FROST for mobile devices
Venue: Cluster Computing

With the flourish of applications based on the internet of things and cloud computing, privacy issues have been attracting a lot of attentions. Although the increasing use of full disk encryption (FDE) significantly hamper privacy leakage and digital forensics, cold boot attacks have thwarted FDE since forensic recovery of scrambled telephones (FROST) a forensic tool, is proposed. The cryptographic keys which are stored in the mobile devices are inclined to be obtained by FROST. Recent research results have shown CPU bound encryption methods to resist FROST. However, these methods performs AES encryption solely on CPU registers, whose advantage comes at the cost of encryption speed. This paper, therefore, presents a cryptographic key protection scheme for android devices which prevents FROST from acquiring the key of AES by changing storage location of the key in memory. The storage location of the key is switched to the fixed position where command line parameters will be stored when android boots. Therefore, the key will be covered by command line parameters while the system reboots, which negates FROST from obtaining the key. Compared with the popular CPU bound encryption methods, our method has less impact on encryption efficiency and employs no additional storage resources.
A Dynamic ID based Authenticated Group Key Agreement Protocol

Through the group key agreement, all group members could negotiate a common session key which is used in later secure communication. While simple GKA cannot provide enough security to resist the adversary's attack, and the malicious damage during the agreement makes the authenticated key agreement particularly important. In identity based authentication, user's unique identity information is used as the public key, which makes it exempt from a series of management of the certification in public key infrastructure. Thereby, the identity based key agreement can simplify the key management procedures and reduce the risk of failure at the certification authority. Recently, several identity based group key agreement protocols have been proposed, however most of them are either vulnerable to impersonation and replay attack or inefficient and unscalable. This paper proposes a novel authenticated group key agreement protocol which is based on bilinear pairings. It needs two rounds to negotiate the session key, and the low computational complexity makes the protocol efficient and scalable. Meanwhile, our protocol also ensures the forward and backward secrecy and the key independence. Under the Decisional Diffie Hellman assumption, our protocol is proved to be secure against the adversary.
Catalyzing the Modernization of Graduate Education: A major overhaul of how we educate graduate students in biomedical research is long overdue

Science has changed dramatically over the past three decades. The amount of information available about biological systems has grown exponentially. New methods allow us to examine the inner workings of cells with unprecedented resolution and to generate expansive datasets describing the expression of every mRNA or metabolite in a system. Biomedical research is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary and collaborative, and the questions we seek to answer are more and more complex. Finally, as the scientific enterprise has expanded, Ph.D.s have pursued increasingly diverse careers in the research and development, education, and related sectors.
Novel Terpenoids with Potential Anti Alzheimer Activity from Nepeta obtusicrena

Dichloromethane extract of Nepeta obtusicrena Boiss. Et Kotschy Ex Hedge afforded two novel terpenoids, a diterpenoid and a triterpenoid in addition to two known triterpenoids, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. Purification of the diterpenoid was carried out by HPLC, and its structure was elucidated as 14a acetoxy 6oxo abieta 7 ene, and structure of the triterpenoid was elucidated as 2a,3b,19a,24 tetrahydroxy 11 oxo olean12 ene. Both of the novel terpenes were obtained from nature for the first time and named as obtusicrenone and nemrutolone, respectively. Anticholinesterase (anti Alzheimer) and antioxidant activities [DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity) of the dichloromethane and methanol extracts and the isolated four terpenoids were investigated. Both of the extracts and the isolated four terpenoids exhibited high anticholinesterase activity, particularly against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. None of the samples tested showed high antioxidant activity.
Catnip essential oil: There is more to it than making your cat go crazy

Catnip (Nepeta cataria) essential oil shows a wide range of biological activities, not only cat stimulation, but also relaxant, antispasmodic, insect repellent, and allelopathic activities. The essential oil is generally dominated by nepetalactone isomers, but the compositions have shown wide variation depending on phenological cycle and geographical location. Numerous other Nepeta species are known and many of those have been characterized in terms of essential oil compositions and biological activities. This review presents an overview of the volatile phytochemistry of catnip (Nepeta cataria) its biological activities, and a survey of recent reports on Nepeta essential oils.
A Low Background Gamma Ray Spectrometer with Anticosmic Shielding

The article describes a gamma ray spectrometer protected by a lead shield (Model 747E Canberra lead shield) and an active shield made of an 80 cm x 80 cm x 3 cm plastic scintillator plate in anticoincidence on top of the lead shield. The detector used as low background gamma spectrometer is a high purity Germanium crystal of model GC2018 Canberra. The background count rate currently achieved (30 2400 keV) is 1.27 cps without anticoincidence. The level of background suppression obtained from the active protection is 0.80 overall and about 0.43 for the 511 keV gamma line. The gamma ray spectrometer is installed and operated in the Nuclear Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Science, HCMC Vietnam National University.