nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated web usage data mining and recommendation system using K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification method

The major problem of many on line web sites is the presentation of many choices to the client at a time; this usually results to strenuous and time consuming task in finding the right product or information on the site. In this work, we present a study of automatic web usage data mining and recommendation system based on current user behavior through his/her click stream data on the newly developed Really Simple Syndication (RSS) reader website, in order to provide relevant information to the individual without explicitly asking for it. The K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classification method has been trained to be used on line and in Real Time to identify clients/visitors click stream data, matching it to a particular user group and recommend a tailored browsing option that meet the need of the specific user at a particular time. To achieve this, web users RSS address file was extracted, cleansed, formatted and grouped into meaningful session and data mart was developed. Our result shows that the K Nearest Neighbor classifier is transparent, consistent, straightforward, simple to understand, high tendency to possess desirable qualities and easy to implement than most other machine learning techniques specifically when there is little or no prior knowledge about data distribution.
An itinerant sensory approach to investigate consumers' perception and acceptability at a food exhibition.
Venue: Food research international

In a food exhibition where several producers of the same product category are present at the same time, consumers usually have the opportunity to taste several free samples of the same product type, thus they can experience and compare the sensory characteristics of each and evaluate their liking for each sample tasted. This study assessed the potential of an itinerant sensory data collection in understanding the consumers' perception and acceptance of cheese during a multiple tasting experience at a food exhibition. Subjects tasted seven samples of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese aged for different times (24 and 36months) at seven producer stands and recorded their evaluations using tablets, on which an application specifically developed for this study was installed. This evaluation situation was defined as "pseudo natural," in opposition to the "natural" and the "naturalistic" settings. The itinerant sensory session comprised a liking test, a rate all that apply (RATA) test using a just about right (JAR) scale, a food pairing test, and a questionnaire. Consumers significantly (p<0.05) discriminated the cheeses as a function of the aging time, describing with different attributes the 24months (sweetness, fresh fruit, grass, yogurt, butter flavors, elasticity, and humidity) and the 36months (saltiness, bitterness, sourness, spicy, aromatic herbs, cheese rind flavors, crumbliness, granularity, hardness, and hotness) aged products. The combined application of regression models, Penalty Lift analysis, and decision tree models in investigating the relationships between liking and the RATA data, provided results revealing that the attributes elasticity, sweetness, humidity, fresh fruit, and butter were the main drivers of liking. Whereas, the attributes sourness, bitterness, and hardness were the main drivers of dislike. Therefore, even though no significant differences in terms of liking were observed among the tested cheeses, consumers preferred the attributes more frequently perceived in the least aged products. In conclusion, the presented itinerant sensory approach had provided meaningful information to understand the consumers' cheese perception and acceptability. In the future, it could advantageously be applied for studying food perception in other situations in which subjects naturally choose or consume several products while freely moving from one to another (e.g. self service restaurant)
Dietary Nanosized Lactobacillus plantarum Enhances the Anticancer Effect of Kimchi on Azoxymethane and Dextran Sulfate Sodium Induced Colon Cancer in C57BL/6J Mice.
Venue: Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer

This study was undertaken to evaluate enhancement of the chemopreventive properties of kimchi by dietary nanosized Lactobacillus (Lab.)plantarum (nLp) in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis associated colorectal cancer C57BL/6J mouse model. nLp is a dead, shrunken, processed form of Lab. Plantarum isolated from kimchi that is 0.5 1.0 um in size. The results obtained showed that animals fed kimchi with nLp (K nLp) had longer colons and lower colon weights/length ratios and developed fewer tumors than mice fed kimchi alone (K) In addition, K nLp administration reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokine serum levels and mediated the mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory, apoptotic, and cell cycle markers to suppress inflammation and induce tumor cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Moreover, it elevated natural killer cell cytotoxicity. The study suggests adding nLp to kimchi could improve the suppressive effect of kimchi on AOM/DSS induced colorectal cancer. These findings indicate nLp has potential use as a functional chemopreventive ingredient in the food industry.
Cultura forestal en Quintana Roo, Mexico; observaciones y perspectivas

The ethnic Mayan inherited one of the most outstanding civilizations which have developed in tropical forests. Their autochthonous knowledge regarding the environment continues to serve today as an exemplary case of "forest culture." A historical analysis reveals the conception which these ethnics had regarding their forest resource and how this valorization has changed in the presence of other cultures without brushing aside their autochthonous culture. Presently this culture is restructuring to incorporate contemporary elements of the global market as parte of their inevitable transculturation. The experiences of the government and non government institutions coincide in their programs and goals with the Mayan's on the Yucatan Peninsula, now surpassing community forestry and are formulating an example of what we can call ethno silviculture. Education remains as a critical unknown factor which should be attended to enable the continued evolution of the society towards the improvement of the quality of life.
Integrating spatial planning and flood risk management: A new conceptual framework for the spatially integrated policy infrastructure
Venue: Comput. Environ. Urban Syst.

Flooding is a widely occurring natural hazard that noticeably damages property, people, and the environment. In the context of climate change, the integration of spatial planning with flood risk management has gained prominence as an approach to mitigating the risks of flooding. The absence of easy access to integrated and high quality information, and the technologies and tools to use information are among the factors that impede this integration. Limited research has been conducted to develop a framework and to investigate the role of information and technologies in this integration. This study draws primarily on the European experiences and literature and identifies three dimensions of the integration of spatial planning with flood risk management: territorial, policy, and institutional. To facilitate integration and in accord with these three dimensions, a Spatially Integrated Policy Infrastructure (SIPI) is conceptualised that encompasses data and information, decision support and analysis tools, and access tools and protocols. This study presents the connections between SIPI elements and integration dimensions, which is important for a better understanding of roles of geographic information and technologies in integration. The conceptual framework of SIPI will govern further development and evaluation of SIPI.
Recent technological advancements in breast ultrasound.
Venue: Ultrasonics

Ultrasound is becoming increasingly common as an imaging tool for the detection and characterization of breast tumors. This paper provides an overview of recent technological advancements, especially those that may have an impact in clinical applications in the field of breast ultrasound in the near future. These advancements include close to 100% fractional bandwidth high frequency (5 18MHz) 2D and 3D arrays, automated breast imaging systems to minimize the operator dependence and advanced processing techniques, such as those used for detection of microcalcifications. In addition, elastography and contrast enhanced ultrasound examinations that are expected to further enhance the clinical importance of ultrasound based breast tumor screening are briefly reviewed. These techniques have shown initial promise in clinical trials and may translate to more comprehensive clinical adoption in the future.
Effects of Business Process Reengineering on Organizational Performance: Organizational Transformation of Tour and Travel Business

This study aimed to analyze business process reengineering as an organizational transformation strategy and examine the relationship between business process reengineering and organizational performance intour and travel business in Makassar city. Business process reengineering is a process of redesigning workflows and business processes within an organization to achieve improved company performance the in the form of cost efficiency, improved quality, service, and speed. The method used in this study was of Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis obtained from questionnaire. The respondent swereem ployers of tour and travel business in Makassar city as many as 140 employers. The results show that business process reengineering is a strategy used in the organizational transformation. It is also found that there is a positive relationship between business process reengineering and organizational performance intour and travel business.
A new algorithm for the discrimination of actinic keratosis from normal skin and squamous cell carcinoma based on in vivo analysis of optical properties by high definition optical coherence tomography
Venue: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology JEADV

High definition optical coherence tomography (HD OCT) features of actinic keratosis (AK) may aid in its diagnosis and therapeutic strategy. A diagnostic algorithm permitting discrimination of AK from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and normal skin has been proposed. However, diagnostic accuracy strongly depends on the experience of physicians. In two recent studies, it was demonstrated that HD OCT permits to quantify in vivo optical properties such as light attenuation in intrinsic ageing skin, in melanocytic lesions and in basal cell carcinoma. This approach seems to permit a semiautomated classification of lesions easier to handle by non experts.
Validation of a diagnostic algorithm for the discrimination of actinic keratosis from normal skin and squamous cell carcinoma by means of high definition optical coherence tomography
Venue: Experimental dermatology

Actinic keratoses (AKs) commonly arise on sun damaged skin. Visible lesions are often associated with subclinical lesions on surrounding skin, giving rise to field cancerization. To avoid multiple biopsies to diagnose subclinical/early invasive lesions, there is an increasing interest in non invasive diagnostic tools, such as high definition optical coherence tomography (HD OCT) We previously developed a HD OCT based diagnostic algorithm for the discrimination of AK from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and normal skin. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of HD OCT for non invasive discrimination of AK from SCC and normal skin using this algorithm. Three dimensional (3D) HD OCT images of histopathologically proven AKs and SCCs and images of normal skin were collected. All images were shown in a random sequence to three independent observers with different experience in HD OCT, blinded to the clinical and histopathological data and with different experience with HD OCT. Observers classified each image as AK, SCC or normal skin based on the diagnostic algorithm. A total of 106 (38 AKs, 16 SCCs and 52 normal skin sites) HD OCT images from 71 patients were included. Sensitivity and specificity for the most experienced observer were 81.6% and 92.6% for AK diagnosis and 93.8% and 98.9% for SCC diagnosis. A moderate interobserver agreement was demonstrated. HD OCT represents a promising technology for the non invasive diagnosis of AKs. Thanks to its high potential in discriminating SCC from AK, HD OCT could be used as a relevant tool for second level examination, increasing diagnostic confidence and sparing patients unnecessary excisions.
Is Obesity a disability? The Definition of Disability by the Court of Justice of the European Union and its Consequences for the Application of EU Anti Discrimination Law

This paper examines the relevant issues pertaining to disability as defined by the Court of Justice of the European Union in light of the Kaltoft v Municipality of Billund case. It considers whether the Court's application of the guidance on the meaning of disability in the UN CRPD is adequate for defining disability according to European Union anti discrimination law. After discussing the concept of disability and the relevant CJEU's jurisprudence, the paper examines the differences between European Union anti discrimination law and European human rights law regarding non discrimination, and explores the ways in which obese people could be protected against discrimination under European Union ant discrimination law. It finally considers the practical and legal consequences of the Court's application of the guidance on the meaning of disability in the UN CRPD.
Sexually Monomorphic Maps and Dimorphic Responses in Rat Genital Cortex
Venue: Current Biology

Mammalian external genitals show sexual dimorphism [1, 2] and can change size and shape upon sexual arousal. Genitals feature prominently in the oldest pieces of figural art  and phallic depictions of penises informed psychoanalytic thought about sexuality [4, 5] Despite this longstanding interest, the neural representations of genitals are still poorly understood  In somatosensory cortex specifically, many studies did not detect any cortical representation of genitals  Studies in humans debate whether genitals are represented displaced below the foot of the cortical body map [10 12] or whether they are represented somatotopically [13 15] We wondered what a high resolution mapping of genital representations might tell us about the sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain. We identified genital responses in rat somatosensory cortex in a region previously assigned as arm/leg cortex. Genital responses were more common in males than in females. Despite such response dimorphism, we observed a stunning anatomical monomorphism of cortical penis and clitoris input maps revealed by cytochrome oxidase staining of cortical layer 4. Genital representations were somatotopic and bilaterally symmetric, and their relative size increased markedly during puberty. Size, shape, and erect posture give the cortical penis representation a phallic appearance pointing to a role in sexually aroused states. Cortical genital neurons showed unusual multi body part responses and sexually dimorphic receptive fields. Specifically, genital neurons were co activated by distant body regions, which are touched during mounting in the respective sex. Genital maps indicate a deep homology of penis and clitoris representations in line with a fundamentally bi sexual layout [16] of the vertebrate brain.
Energy efficient biomass processing with pulsed electric fields for bioeconomy and sustainable development
Venue: Biotechnology for Biofuels

Fossil resources free sustainable development can be achieved through a transition to bioeconomy, an economy based on sustainable biomass derived food, feed, chemicals, materials, and fuels. However, the transition to bioeconomy requires development of new energy efficient technologies and processes to manipulate biomass feed stocks and their conversion into useful products, a collective term for which is biorefinery. One of the technological platforms that will enable various pathways of biomass conversion is based on pulsed electric fields applications (PEF) Energy efficiency of PEF treatment is achieved by specific increase of cell membrane permeability, a phenomenon known as membrane electroporation. Here, we review the opportunities that PEF and electroporation provide for the development of sustainable biorefineries. We describe the use of PEF treatment in biomass engineering, drying, deconstruction, extraction of phytochemicals, improvement of fermentations, and biogas production. These applications show the potential of PEF and consequent membrane electroporation to enable the bioeconomy and sustainable development.
Listen, Attend, and Walk: Neural Mapping of Navigational Instructions to Action Sequences
Venue: AAAI

We propose a neural sequence to sequence model for direction following, a task that is essential to realizing effective autonomous agents. Our alignment based encoder decoder model with long short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM RNN) translates natural language instructions to action sequences based upon a representation of the observable world state. We introduce a multi level aligner that empowers our model to focus on sentence "regions" salient to the current world state by using multiple abstractions of the input sentence. In contrast to existing methods, our model uses no specialized linguistic resources (e.g. parsers) or task specific annotations (e.g. seed lexicons) It is therefore generalizable, yet still achieves the best results reported to date on a benchmark single sentence dataset and competitive results for the limited training multi sentence setting. We analyze our model through a series of ablations that elucidate the contributions of the primary components of our model.
Complementary Contributions of Striatal Projection Pathways to Action Initiation and Execution
Venue: Cell

The performance of an action relies on the initiation and execution of appropriate movement sequences. Two basal ganglia pathways have been classically hypothesized to regulate this process via opposing roles in movement facilitation and suppression. By using a series of state dependent optogenetic manipulations, we dissected the contributions of each pathway and found that both the direct striatonigral pathway and the indirect striatopallidal pathway are necessary for smooth initiation and the execution of learned action sequences. Optogenetic inhibition or stimulation of each pathway before sequence initiation increased the latency for initiation: manipulations of the striatonigral pathway activity slowed action initiation, and those of the striatopallidal pathway aborted action initiation. The inhibition of each pathway after initiation also impaired ongoing execution. Furthermore, the subtle activation of striatonigral neurons sustained the performance of learned sequences, while striatopallidal manipulations aborted ongoing performance. These results suggest a supportive versus permissive model, where patterns of coordinated activity, rather than the relative amount of activity in these pathways, regulate movement initiation and execution.
Dynamic mesolimbic dopamine signaling during action sequence learning and expectation violation
Venue: Scientific reports

Prolonged mesolimbic dopamine concentration changes have been detected during spatial navigation, but little is known about the conditions that engender this signaling profile or how it develops with learning. To address this, we monitored dopamine concentration changes in the nucleus accumbens core of rats throughout acquisition and performance of an instrumental action sequence task. Prolonged dopamine concentration changes were detected that ramped up as rats executed each action sequence and declined after earned reward collection. With learning, dopamine concentration began to rise increasingly earlier in the execution of the sequence and ultimately backpropagated away from stereotyped sequence actions, becoming only transiently elevated by the most distal and unexpected reward predictor. Action sequence related dopamine signaling was reactivated in well trained rats if they became disengaged in the task and in response to an unexpected change in the value, but not identity of the earned reward. Throughout training and test, dopamine signaling correlated with sequence performance. These results suggest that action sequences can engender a prolonged mode of dopamine signaling in the nucleus accumbens core and that such signaling relates to elements of the motivation underlying sequence execution and is dynamic with learning, overtraining and violations in reward expectation.
Enhanced Artificial Social Cockroaches (EASC) for Modern Information Retrieval
Venue: Int. J. Cogn. Informatics Nat. Intell.

This article deals on an improved version of the recently developed Artificial Social Cockroaches ASC algorithm based on several modifications. The EASC has as input a set of artificial cockroaches and N selected shelters. It is based on a random displacement step and a set of operators selection cockroaches, shelter attraction, congener's attraction, shelter permutation. Each cockroach must be hidden in the shelter where it feels safer evaluation function. In the recent years with the coming of the world wide web, the amount of unstructured documents available in the digital society increases and becomes easily accessible, all this has led that satisfy the needs of users in terms of relevant information has become a substantial problem in the scientific community. The second component of the authors' study is to apply the algorithm EASC as an information retrieval system using multilingual pre processing and thesaurus to solve the problems of multilingual query and searching with synonymy. The relevant documents will be rendered as a list of ranked and classified documents from the most relevant to the least relevant. Lastly the authors apply the benchmark Medline and a series of valuation measures precision, recall, f measure, entropy, error, accuracy, specificity, TCR, ROC for the experimentation, also they have compared their results with the outcomes of set of existed systems social worker bees, taboo search, genetic algorithm, simulating annealing, naive method. The third component of the authors' system is the visualization step that ensures the presentation of the result in the form of a cobweb with some realism to be understandable by users.
Robust x ray image segmentation by spectral clustering and active shape model
Venue: Journal of medical imaging

Extraction of bone contours from x ray radiographs plays an important role in joint space width assessment, preoperative planning, and kinematics analysis. We present a robust segmentation method to accurately extract the distal femur and proximal tibia in knee radiographs of varying image quality. A spectral clustering method based on the eigensolution of an affinity matrix is utilized for x ray image denoising. An active shape model based segmentation method is employed for robust and accurate segmentation of the denoised x ray images. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with x ray images from the public use dataset(s) the osteoarthritis initiative, achieving a root mean square error of 0.48+ 0.13 mm for femur and 0.53+ 0.18 mm for tibia. The results demonstrate that this method outperforms previous segmentation methods in capturing anatomical shape variations, accounting for image quality differences and guiding accurate segmentation.