nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The Measurement of Tropospheric Temperature Profiles using Rayleigh Brillouin Scattering: Results from Laboratory and Atmospheric Studies

In this letter, we suggest a new method for measuring tropospheric temperature profiles using Rayleigh Brillouin (RB) scattering. We report on laboratory RB scattering measurements in air, demonstrating that temperature can be retrieved from RB spectra with an absolute accuracy of better than 2 K. In addition, we show temperature profiles from 2 km to 15.3 km derived from RB spectra, measured with a high spectral resolution lidar during daytime. A comparison with radiosonde temperature measurements shows reasonable agreement. In cloud free conditions, the temperature difference reaches up to 5 K within the boundary layer, and is smaller than 2.5 K above. The statistical error of the derived temperatures is between 0.15 K and 1.5 K.
L'Education nouvelle entre science et militance Debats et combats a travers la revue <Pour l'Ere Nouvelle> (1920 1940)

ISBN 978 3 0343 2096 2 Cet ouvrage etudie l'Education nouvelle dans ses dimensions scientifi ques et militantes. Porte par des praticiens convaincus qu'une reforme de l'ecole pourra transformer le monde, le mouvement attire aussi des scientifi ques persuades que la science a un role a jouer dans la quete d'une harmonie entre les hommes. Tous se rejoignent dans la volonte de construire une education basee sur une connaissance scientifi que de l'enfant selon eux, la pedagogie ne doit plus etre un art mais une science. Ce livre s'interesse a la relation qu'entretiennent ici la science et la militance quelle est la part de l'une et l'autre dans les revendications de l'Education nouvelle Comment le discours scientifi que se mele t il au discours militant Qui sont les acteurs engages dans le mouvement et comment concilient ils ces deux facettes dans leur activite Dans une demarche d'histoire sociale, cet ouvrage puise ses apports dans la lecture fi ne d'une revue emblematique du mouvement, organe de la Ligue internationale pour l'Education nouvelle. Il etudie les questions en debat telles que les methodes d'enseignement, le role du maitre, la place des savoirs scolaires ou la liberte en education. Ce livre attache une importance particuliere aux acteurs engages pour cette cause et s'interesse a leurs profi ls, reseaux et activites aux niveaux local et international.
Comparing operational cost and performance evaluation of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis systems in nitrate removal from drinking water in Golshahr, Mashhad

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the operational cost and efficiency of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis systems in removing nitrate from drinking water. Eighteen samples were selected to measure nitrate and other chemical parameters. Also, the present cost value and useful life of 15 years were used for comparing both systems. Results indicated that nitrate removal in the reverse osmosis system was about twice (90% more than that of the electrodialysis system. Additionally, removal of bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium in electrodialysis and reverse osmosis systems was 16, 5, 31, 29, 25, 7.9, and 10% and 93.7, 96.3, 96.8, 96.5, 96, 92.6, and 91% respectively. Considering the economic issue of both systems, the initial capital cost, annual present cost value of operation and maintenance during the project period, and total present cost value in the electrodialysis system were 2.3, 1.9, and 3.0 times more than those of the reverse osmosis system, resp.
Developments in the safety science domain, in the fields of general and safety management between 1970 and 1979, the year of the near disaster on Three Mile Island, a literature review

What influence has research conducted by general management schools and safety research had upon the causes of accidents and disasters in relation to the managing of safety between 1970 and 1979?  The study was confined to original articles and documents, written in English or Dutch from the period under consideration. For the Netherlands, the professional journal De Veiligheid (Safety) was consulted.  Dominant management approaches started with (1) classical management starting from the 19th century incorporating as a main component scientific management from the early 20th century. The interwar period saw the rise of (2) behavioural management which was based on behaviourism, this was followed by (3) quantitative management from the Second World War onwards. After the war it was (4) modern management that became important. A company was seen as an open system, interacting with an external environment with external stakeholders. These management schools of thought were not exclusive, but existed side by side in the period under consideration. Early in the 20th century, it was the U.S. 'Safety First' movement that marked the starting point of this knowledge development in the sphere of safety managing, with cost reduction and production efficiency as the key drivers. Psychological models and metaphors were used to explain accidents resulting from 'unsafe acts' Safety was managed by training and targeting reckless workers, all in line with scientific management. Supported by behavioural management, this approach remained dominant for many years until long after World War II. Influenced by quantitative management, potential and actual disasters occurring after the war led to two approaches; loss prevention (up scaling in the process industry) and reliability engineering (inherently dangerous processes in the aerospace and nuclear sectors) The distinction between process safety and occupational safety became clear after the war when the two evolved as relatively independent domains. In occupational safety in the 1970s human error was thought to be symptomatic of mismanagement. The term 'safety management' was introduced to scientific safety literature alongside concepts such as loosely and tightly coupled processes, organizational culture, disaster incubation and the notion of mechanisms blinding organizations to portents of disaster scenarios. Loss prevention remained technically oriented. Until 1979 there was no clear link with safety management. Reliability engineering that was based on systems theory did have such a connection with the MORT technique that served as a management audit. The Netherlands mainly followed Anglo Saxon developments. In the late 1970s, following international safety symposia in The Hague and Delft, independent research finally began in the Netherlands.
PENGARUH VARIASI PENAMBAHAN KONSENTRASI STARTER PADA KARAKTERISASI KIMIA VIRGIN COCONUT OIL YANG BERBAHAN DASAR KELAPA (Cocos nucifera)

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) merupakan salah satu hasil olahan dari buah kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dengan proses fermentasi, starter yang digunakan adalah bakteri Lactobacillus casei galur komersial yakult(r) Teknik fermentasi tanpa melibatkan panas dianggap memiliki keuntungan pada karakteristik kimia dari VCO salah satunya akan menghasilkan bilangan peroksida yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi penambahan konsentrasi starter terhadap karakteristik kimia VCO. Uji karakteristik kimia meliputi penetapan bilangan peroksida, bilangan iodium, bilangan penyabunan dan bilangan asam lemak bebas. Sedangkan untuk melihat pengaruh dari variasi yang dilakukan menggunakan metode uji T. Variasi penambahan konsentrasi starter 1% dibandingkan 2% menghasilkan berbeda signifikan pada bilangan asam bebas, bilangan iodium dan bilangan peroksida. Konsentrasi 1% dibandingkan 3% menghasilkan berbeda signifikan hanya pada bilangan asam bebas. Konsentrasi 2% dibandingkan 3% menghasilkan berbeda signifikan hanya pada bilangan iodium. Berdasarkan data hasil maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa konsentrasi starter perpengaruh pada beberapa karakteristik kimia pada VCO.
Influence of long range atmospheric transport pathways and climate teleconnection patterns on the variability of surface 210Pb and 7Be concentrations in southwestern Europe.
Venue: Journal of environmental radioactivity

The variability of the atmospheric concentration of the 7Be and 210Pb radionuclides is strongly linked to the origin of air masses, the strength of their sources and the processes of wet and dry deposition. It has been shown how these processes and their variability are strongly affected by climate change. Thus, a deeper knowledge of the relationship between the atmospheric radionuclides variability measured close to the ground and these atmospheric processes could help in the analysis of climate scenarios. In the present study, we analyze the atmospheric variability of a 14 year time series of 7Be and 210Pb in a Mediterranean coastal city using a synergy of different indicators and tools such as: the local meteorological conditions, global and regional climate indexes and a lagrangian atmospheric transport model. We particularly focus on the relationships between the main pathways of air masses and sun spots occurrence, the variability of the local relative humidity and temperature conditions, and the main modes of regional climate variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) The variability of the observed atmospheric concentrations of both 7Be and 210Pb radionuclides was found to be mainly positively associated to the local climate conditions of temperature and to the pathways of air masses arriving at the station. Measured radionuclide concentrations significantly increase when air masses travel at low tropospheric levels from central Europe and the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, while low concentrations are associated with westerly air masses. We found a significant negative correlation between the WeMO index and the atmospheric variability of both radionuclides and no significant association was observed for the NAO index.
Enhancement of barrier and corrosion protection performance of an epoxy coating through wet transfer of amino functionalized graphene oxide

An amino functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) Then, FGO/epoxy composite was prepared through dispersing 0.1 wt. of FGO in an epoxy coating through wet transfer method (WTM) The GO/epoxy and FGO/epoxy composites were applied on the mild steel substrates and their barrier and corrosion protection performance were characterized by salt spray test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Incorporation of 0.1 wt. of FGO nanosheets into the epoxy coating significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of the coating through improving its ionic resistance as well as barrier properties.
Monocular perceptual learning of contrast detection facilitates binocular combination in adults with anisometropic amblyopia
Venue: Scientific reports

Perceptual learning in contrast detection improves monocular visual function in adults with anisometropic amblyopia; however, its effect on binocular combination remains unknown. Given that the amblyopic visual system suffers from pronounced binocular functional loss, it is important to address how the amblyopic visual system responds to such training strategies under binocular viewing conditions. Anisometropic amblyopes (n 13) were asked to complete two psychophysical supra threshold binocular summation tasks: (1) binocular phase combination and (2) dichoptic global motion coherence before and after monocular training to investigate this question. We showed that these participants benefited from monocular training in terms of binocular combination. More importantly, the improvements observed with the area under log CSF (AULCSF) were found to be correlated with the improvements in binocular phase combination.
Factors Impacting on the Selection of Third Party Logistics Provider

With 200 firms interviewed, who use logistics services, interesting findings show that firm with different sizes have different demands toward logistics services. There are key factors impact on firm's 3PL selection, e.g. cost of service, reputation, operation performance, and long term relationship, in which they are mostly depended on cost of service. This means that they agree with the best choice depended on cost of service of 3PL providers. Reputation is concerned as the second ranking, operation performance of 3PL provider as the third ranking and long term relationship as the fourth ranking. Unlucky, there is no evidence to confirm financial performance of 3PL providers is considered by firm toward selection. This case is not surprised, because financial performance of the provider is internal information, it isn't easy to let its customer know that.
Changing the Game: Using Integrative Genomics to Probe Virulence Mechanisms of the Stem Rust Pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici
Venue: Front. Plant Sci.

The recent resurgence of wheat stem rust caused by new virulent races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) poses a threat to food security. These concerns have catalyzed an extensive global effort toward controlling this disease. Substantial research and breeding programs target the identification and introduction of new stem rust resistance (Sr) genes in cultivars for genetic protection against the disease. Such resistance genes typically encode immune receptor proteins that recognize specific components of the pathogen, known as avirulence (Avr) proteins. A significant drawback to deploying cultivars with single Sr genes is that they are often overcome by evolution of the pathogen to escape recognition through alterations in Avr genes. Thus, a key element in achieving durable rust control is the deployment of multiple effective Sr genes in combination, either through conventional breeding or transgenic approaches, to minimize the risk of resistance breakdown. In this situation, evolution of pathogen virulence would require changes in multiple Avr genes in order to bypass recognition. However, choosing the optimal Sr gene combinations to deploy is a challenge that requires detailed knowledge of the pathogen Avr genes with which they interact and the virulence phenotypes of Pgt existing in nature. Identifying specific Avr genes from Pgt will provide screening tools to enhance pathogen virulence monitoring, assess heterozygosity and propensity for mutation in pathogen populations, and confirm individual Sr gene functions in crop varieties carrying multiple effective resistance genes. Toward this goal, much progress has been made in assembling a high quality reference genome sequence for Pgt, as well as a Pan genome encompassing variation between multiple field isolates with diverse virulence spectra. In turn this has allowed prediction of Pgt effector gene candidates based on known features of Avr genes in other plant pathogens, including the related flax rust fungus. Upregulation of gene expression in haustoria and evidence for diversifying selection are two useful parameters to identify candidate Avr genes. Recently, we have also applied machine learning approaches to agnostically predict candidate effectors. Here, we review progress in stem rust pathogenomics and approaches currently underway to identify Avr genes recognized by wheat Sr genes.
Combining Naive Bayes and Modified Maximum Entropy Classifiers for Text Classification

Text Classificat ion is done mainly through classifiers proposed over the years, Naive Bayes and Maximum Entropy being the most popular of all. However, the individual classifiers show limited applicability according to their respective domains and scopes. Recent research works evaluated that the combination of classifiers when used for classification showed better performance than the individual ones. This work introduces a modified Maximum Entropy based classifier. Maximum Entropy classifiers provide a great deal of flexibility for parameter defin itions and follow assumptions closer to real world scenario. This classifier is then combined with a Naive Bayes classifier. Naive Bayes Classification is a very simple and fast technique. The assumption model is opposite to that of Maximum Entropy. The combination of classifiers is done through operators that linearly co mbine the results of two classifiers to predict class of documents in query. Proper validation of the 7 proposed modifications (4 modifications of Maximum Entropy, 3 combined classifiers) are demonstrated through implementation and experimenting on real life datasets.
Isolated Adversary Zone for source location privacy in Wireless Sensor Networks
Venue: 2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)

Privacy, especially source location privacy in many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications plays an important role in the effectiveness of these applications. Exposure of source location information in these applications may put the monitored entities or subjects in danger. Many solutions are available based on various techniques, including random walk. Most existing random walk based source location privacy preservation proposals may not work well in critical applications, because of their insufficient safety period, high energy consumption, and data delivery delay. This article proposes a novel solution for source location privacy in WSNs based on a random walk routing, especially for patient attackers to improve safety period and energy efficiency. The proposed strategy forms an Isolated Adversary Zone (IAZ) by sacrificing a certain percentage of sensor nodes and entraps patient attackers in that zone. This approach will increase safety period and energy efficiency in compared to the existing approaches as an entrapped patient attacker will wait for long time to make an attack.
MAES E FILHOS ATRAS DAS GRADES: UM OLHAR SOBRE O DRAMA DO CUIDAR DE FILHOS NA PRISAO

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer as condicoes de saude relacionadas aos cuidados a puerpera e seu filho na realidade prisional de um conjunto penal Feminino da Bahia, identificando acoes e cuidados relacionados a puerpera privada de liberdade e seu recem nascido. Tratou se de um estudo de campo com enfoque qualitativo com a populacao carceraria feminina de gestantes e puerperas de um presidio. Foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa entrevista semi estruturada e grupo focal realizada com seis puerperas presidiarias. Atraves da analise de conteudo foram determinadas tres categorias: Cuidados x Negligencias a mulher no puerperio: a privacao da maternidade; Cuidados x negligencias ao bebe: os pequenos invisiveis e Separacao mae filho: uma segunda penalizacao. Como resultado foi possivel evidenciar que o sistema penitenciario feminino encontra se despreparado na sua estrutura e na oferta de profissionais capacitados para lidar com as especificidades das gestantes, puerperas e seus filhos dentro do contexto da prisao. E preciso que a sociedade conheca como se da o cuidar de filhos na prisao e que os profissionais da enfermagem conhecam a sua importancia tambem no cenario das mulheres privadas de liberdade.
The Impact Of Accounting Estimates On Financial Position And Business Performance Case Of Non Current Intangible And Tangible Assets

Financial statements represent a great source of information for company's financial position and business performance evaluation. Management judgment depends on the information base which is given at the time of judgement. Each judgement is by its nature subjective, so the results of the estimation can differ. Non current tangible and intangible assets represent a significant proportion of assets of many companies. There is a plenty of space for applying accounting estimates in order to recognise and measure such assets. The research model confirmed the volatility of financial condition and performance of a company as a result of different accounting estimates.
A Solid Isotropic Material with Parallel Penalization method for structural topology optimization with multiple materials
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS)

This paper will conduct systematic research on structural shape and topology optimization in a multi material domain. A Solid Isotropic Material with Parallel Penalization (SIMPP) method is presented. Central to the method is a parallel penalization that works by decomposing an overall multi material optimization into a hierarchy of single material optimization and coordinating the sub optimization so that the joint solution is consistent and optimal for the overall system. The single top level element of the hierarchy represents the overall optimization of all materials and each lower level element represents optimization of single material where the synthesis of every component material is accomplished by the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method. The overall mechanical properties of a multi material structure are generally formulated according to the tensor addition theorem, and the objective function is additively separable by element. The overall procedure has its unique benefits: it is simple in concept and practice; it is flexible to handle an arbitrary number of candidate materials; it can avoid fragile topologies and is therefore advantageous for manufacturing. Finally, the benefits and the advantages of the method are demonstrated with several examples of mean compliance minimization of multi material structures.
Importance of Antenatal Care Services to Pregnant Women at the Buea Regional Hospital Cameroon

It is known from studies that the morbidity and mortality of pregnant women who attend antenatal care is reduced compared to women who do not attend antenatal care. That is why this study aimed at assessing the antenatal care services of pregnant women with the objective to determine the knowledge, know the importance of ANC and finally now the factors that hinder women from attending ANC. In this study, a descriptive cross sectional designed was used, and a sample random sampling method was used to select a total of 50 participants. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using micro soft excel version 2007 and the results were represented on tables. Findings showed that majority 92% of these pregnant women have knowledge on the importance of ANC, In addition, Majority 38% of these pregnant complained of poverty as their major hindrance, It was concluded that women had knowledge on antenatal care and we concluded that the hospital administration should reduce the fee of antenatal care so that the pregnant women will be encouraged to attend.
THE ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF FAIDHERBIA ALBIDA IN TAITA AND TAVETA KENYA

Faidherbia albida is a deciduous and indigenous tree species that is characterized by fast growth and grow up to a height of 30 m tall. The tree has received little management and research attention over the years leading to over exploitation by the local communities. A study was conducted to identify and document the ecological and socio economic importance of F. albida in dryland of Taita Taveta in Kenya. The County's ecological characteristics are influenced by relief and receive rainfall in March May and October December every year. Both primary and secondary data was collected and analyzed using SPSS and Excel computer packages. The findings show that Faidherbia albida is used to control soil erosion, fix nitrogen and provide fodder, timber and firewood. The species registered low and varying stocking densities of 15 and 3 trees in Taita and Taveta sub counties respectively. The conservation of the tree species is as affected by pests and diseases and livestock damage. Therefore, farmers are encouraged to plant and conserve the tree species as a source of secure dry season fodder and fixing nitrogen aimed at minimizing the reliance on artificial fertilizers.