nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Income and Well Being: Relative Income and Absolute Income Weaken Negative Emotion, but Only Relative Income Improves Positive Emotion
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Whether relative income or absolute income could affect subjective well being has been a bone of contention for years. Life satisfaction and the relative frequency of positive and negative emotions are parts of subjective well being. According to the prospect theory, hedonic adaptation helps to explain why positive emotion is often so hard to be maintained, and negative emotion wouldn't be easy to be eliminated. So we expect the relationship between income and positive emotion is different from that between income and negative emotion. Given that regional reference is the main comparison mechanism, effects of regional average income on regional average subjective well being should be potentially zero if only relative income matters. Using multilevel analysis, we tested the hypotheses with a dataset of 30,144 individuals from 162 counties in China. The results suggested that household income at the individual level is associated with life satisfaction, happiness and negative emotions. On the contrary, at a county level, household income is only associated with negative emotion. In other words, happiness and life satisfaction was only associated with relative income, but negative emotion was associated with relative income and absolute income. Without social comparison, income doesn't improve happiness, but it could weaken negative emotion. Therefore, it is possible for economic growth to weaken negative emotion without improving happiness. These findings also contribute to the current debate about the "Esterling paradox."
Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut
Venue: Nature

The microbiome has an important role in human health. Changes in the microbiota can confer resistance to or promote infection by pathogenic bacteria. Antibiotics have a profound impact on the microbiota that alters the nutritional landscape of the gut and can lead to the expansion of pathogenic populations. Pathogenic bacteria exploit microbiota derived sources of carbon and nitrogen as nutrients and regulatory signals to promote their own growth and virulence. By eliciting inflammation, these bacteria alter the intestinal environment and use unique systems for respiration and metal acquisition to drive their expansion. Unravelling the interactions between the microbiota, the host and pathogenic bacteria will produce strategies for manipulating the microbiota against infectious diseases.
Voluntary Disclosure with Informed Trading in the IPO Market

We examine voluntary disclosure and capital investment by an informed manager in an initial public offering (IPO) in the presence of informed and uninformed investors. We find that in equilibrium, disclosure is more forthcoming and investment efficiency is lower when a greater fraction of the investment community is already informed. Moreover, managers disclose more information when the likelihood of an information event is higher, more equity is issued, or the cost of information acquisition is lower. Investment efficiency and the expected level of underpricing are non monotonic in the likelihood that the manager is privately informed.
Unraveling the role of dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonizing maize (Zea mays) under cadmium stress: physiological, cytological and genic aspects
Venue: Scientific reports

A growing body of evidence suggests that plant root associated fungi such as dark septate endophytes (DSE) can help plants overcome many biotic and abiotic stresses, of great interest is DSE plant metal tolerance and alleviation capabilities on contaminated soils. However, the tolerance and alleviation mechanisms involved have not yet been elucidated. In the current study, the regulation and physiological response of Zea mays to its root associated DSE, Exophiala pisciphila was analyzed under increased soil Cd stress (0, 10, 50, 100 mg kg 1) Under Cd stress, DSE inoculation significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants, while also inducing increased Cd accumulation in the cell wall and conversion of Cd into inactive forms by shoot and root specific regulation of genes related to metal uptake, translocation and chelation. Our results showed that DSE colonization resulted in a marked tolerance to Cd, with a significant decrease in cadmium phytotoxicity and a significant increase in maize growth by triggering antioxidant systems, altering metal chemical forms into inactive Cd, and repartitioning subcellular Cd into the cell wall. These results provide comprehensive evidence for the mechanisms by which DSE colonization bioaugments Cd tolerance in maize at physiological, cytological and molecular levels.
The Effects of Board Structure Characteristics on Corporate Financial Performance in Developing Economies: Evidence from East African Stock Markets

This study examine the linkage between board structure characteristics and corporate financial performance in a developing market, East African stock markets. To achieve the objective of this study, we used a strongly balanced panel dataset of 240 observations including 30 non financial listed firms in East African region covering the period from 2006 2013 (8 years period) Measures for corporate financial performance employed were return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) as dependent variables for econometric Model 1 and Model 2 respectively and explanatory (independent) variables for board structure characteristics were board size (BS) number of non executive directors (NED) CEO duality (CD) and board and managerial shareholdings (BMS).furthermore, the effects of control variable such as firm size (SIZ) has been also examined. The panel corrected standard errors (PCSEs) and random effects (RE) regression models were employed for Model 1 ROA and Model 2 ROE respectively to analyze the data. Our results indicate a statistically significant positive effects of board size (BS) number of non executive directors (NED) and CEO duality (CD) on East African listed firm's financial performance while board and managerial shareholding (BMS) has a statistically significant negative effects on East African listed firm's financial performance at 5% significance level. Finally, the study recommends East African listed firm's to adopt a larger size of board of directors large proportion of non executive directors in the board, CEO Chair position in their organization structure and a small portion of board and managerial shareholding on their ownership structure in order to improve their financial performance, but also securities markets regulatory authorities in East African region such as East African member states securities regulatory authority (EASRA) and their respective countries securities markets regulatory authorities to stimulates new efforts towards better corporate governance practices especially board structure characteristics due to its statistically significant effects on companies financial performance and future research can be extended after considering other board structure characteristics which were not included in this study like board meeting, board attendance, biography of board members and existence of the position of chief financial officer (CFO) in board of directors (BOD)  Board Structure Characteristics, Corporate Financial Performance, Panel Data, Developing Economies, East African Stock Markets.
Low mean impedance in 24 hour tracings and esophagitis in children: a strong connection.
Venue: Diseases of the esophagus official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus

Esophageal multiple intraluminal impedance baseline is an additional impedance parameter that was recently related to esophageal integrity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mean esophageal impedance value and endoscopic findings in a large group of children. Children with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux submitted to both endoscopy and impedance were included. Esophagitis was graded according to the Los Angeles classification. Mean impedance value was automatically calculated over 24 hour tracings. Data were adjusted for age through z score transformation using percentiles normalized by the LMS (Lambda for the skew, Mu for the median, and Sigma for the generalized coefficient of variation) method. Nonparametric Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests, multiple, and stepwise regression were used. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 298 impedance tracings were analyzed. Endoscopic and histological esophagitis were detected in 30 and 29% patients, respectively. Median baseline z score was significantly decreased both in proximal (P 0.02) and distal (P 0.01) esophagus in patients with endoscopic (but not histological) esophagitis. Patients with more severe esophagitis showed the lowest z score. Bolus exposure index and the number of reflux episodes were the variables that were significantly associated with the baseline z score. Impedance z score is significantly decreased in infants and children with endoscopic esophagitis. Severity of esophagitis, bolus exposure index, and number of reflux episodes are factors influencing mean esophageal impedance.
Real time estimation of battery state of charge with unscented Kalman filter and RTOS mCOS II platform

To develop an advanced battery estimation unit for electric vehicles application, the state of charge (SoC) estimation is proposed with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and realized with the RTOS mCOS II platform. Kalman filters are broadly used to deploy various battery SoC estimators recently. Herein, an UKF algorithm has been employed to develop a systematic adaptive SoC estimation framework. Compared with traditional used extended Kalman filter, it uses an unscented transform to deal with the state estimation problem, thus it has the potential to achieve third order accuracy of the Taylor expansion for tracking posterior estimate of the inner inhabited state. Beneficial from it, the SoC estimation accuracy has been improved with higher tracking accuracy and faster convergence ability. To further evaluate and verify the performance of the proposed online SoC estimation approach, a battery in loop platform is built and the SoC estimation is calculated with a RTOS mCOS II platform. The analog acquisition, communication system and SoC estimation algorithms were programmed, the performance of the proposed SoC estimation with UKF algorithm was finally investigated. The battery management system with UKF algorithm and RTOS mCOS II platform has good performance and it can apply for electric vehicles.
Experimental study of trilateration algorithms for ultrasound based positioning system on QNX RTOS
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Real time Computing and Robotics (RCAR)

This paper presents an indoor localization system to determine the position of a target in 3D environment using RF and Ultrasound. Distances from the target to reference nodes are calculated using Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) principle. Then trilateration algorithms, namely Linear Least Squares, Nonlinear Least Squares, Closed Form Position and Cayley Menger Determinants, are applied to determine the target position. All software programs, except the one on pre processing board, are developed based on QNX Neutrino RTOS which has many advantages such as micro kernel architecture, POSIX certified. QNX is also applied popularly in modern embedded systems. A hardware system is built and experiments have been carried out to verify the system operation and compare the accuracy between the positioning algorithms.
Scale Invariant Feature Learning using Deconvolutional Neural Networks for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation
Venue: ArXiv

A weakly supervised semantic segmentation framework using tied deconvolutional neural networks is proposed for scale invariant feature learning. Each deconvolution layer in the proposed framework consists of unpooling and deconvolution operations. 'Unpooling' upsamples the input feature map based on unpooling switches defined by corresponding convolution layer's pooling operation. 'Deconvolution' convolves the input unpooled features by using convolutional weights tied with the corresponding convolution layer's convolution operation. This unpooling deconvolution combination results in reduction of false positives, since output features of the deconvolution layer are reconstructed from the most discriminative unpooled features instead of the raw one. All the feature maps restored from the entire deconvolution layers can constitute a rich feature set according to different abstraction levels. Those features are selectively used for generating class specific activation maps. Under the weak supervision (image level labels) the proposed framework shows promising results on medical images (chest X rays) and achieves state of the art performance on the PASCAL VOC segmentation dataset in the same experimental condition.
An Injectable Self Assembling Collagen Gold Hybrid Hydrogel for Combinatorial Antitumor Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy.
Venue: Advanced materials

An injectable and self healing collagen gold hybrid hydrogel is spontaneously formed by electrostatic self assembly and subsequent biomineralization. It is demonstrated that such collagen based hydrogels may be used as an injectable material for local delivery of therapeutic agents, showing enhanced antitumor efficacy.
The Role of the Growth of Risk Averse Wealth in the Decline of the Safe Real Interest Rate

Over the past few decades, worldwide real interest rates have trended downward. The real interest rate describes the terms of trade between risk tolerant and risk averse investors. Debt pays off equally across contingencies at a given future date, so debt is valuable to risk averse investors to smooth consumption across those contingencies. In an equilibrium with trade between investors who differ in attitudes toward risk, the risk tolerant investors borrow from the risk averse ones, shifting the risk to those whose preferences favor taking on risk. Heterogeneity in risk aversion takes two forms in the model of the paper: variation in coefficients of relative risk aversion and variation in beliefs about the probabilities of seriously adverse outcomes. If the composition of wealth shifts into the hands of investors with higher coefficients of relative risk aversion and investors who believe in higher probabilities of bad events, the real interest rate falls. The paper calculates likely magnitudes of the decline and presents evidence in favor of a shift in the composition of wealth toward the holdings of the more risk averse. In particular, the United States absorbs large amounts of risk by borrowing from more risk averse countries, notably China, which thereby shed corresponding amounts of risk.
Dynamic linkages among energy consumption, environment, health and wealth in BRICS countries: Green growth key to sustainable development

The objective of the study is to examine the four pillars of green growth (or green environment) i.e. energy, environment, health and wealth in BRICS countries namely, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, over the period of 1975 2013. The study examines the relationship between energy consumption, environment, health and its resulting impact on BRICS' economic growth. The study used three environmental variables (i.e. agricultural technology, carbon dioxide emissions and population density) three energy sources (i.e. nuclear energy consumption, electricity production from renewable sources and combustible renewable waste) two health proxies (i.e. fertility rate, total i.e. births per woman, and infant mortality rate) and GDP per capita for economic growth. These variables were selected due to the vital importance in the BRICS nations. The overall results indicate that environmental variables have a deleterious effect on the BRICS economic growth, while energy sources significantly increases economic growth in the countries. Health expenditures and infrastructure required proper care of fertility and mortality related health issues in the BRICS countries. The results emphasized the importance of green growth and sustainable developmental policies that help to expedite growth process and welfare of the countries.
Wealth as Security: Growth Curve Analyses of Household Income and Net Worth During a Recession

Building on evidence of increasing inequality with the 2008 2009 recession, we asked whether households experienced different financial trajectories through the recession depending on initial income and net worth. Using growth curve models of households headed by young adults in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we compared the relationship between initial income and net worth and the rate of change of income and net worth from 1989 to 2011 among households with income above and below $50,000. We found different patterns of income change and different relationships among income, net worth, and their rates of change between high and low income categories. Results suggest initial wealth helped to stabilize income and wealth changes among higher income households, reducing financial insecurity.
Structure from motion (SFM) photogrammetry vs terrestrial laser scanning

Structure from Motion (SfM) has its roots in the well established spatial measurement method of photogrammetry, but is becoming increasingly recognised as a means to capture dense 3D data to represent real world objects, both natural and man made. This capability has conventionally been the domain of the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) a mature and easy to understand method used to generate millions of 3D point coordinates in a form known as a "point cloud" Each technique is described and noted for its strengths and weaknesses.
Acoustic liner design for FENESTRON(r) noise reduction

The paper presents work done on the design of two different liners for FENESTRON(r) noise reduction on a 0.7:1 scaled H135 test rig. A short presentation of typical H135 spectral noise emission is given which forms the basis for the liner design regarding its spectral absorption domain. The existing H135 test rig is described, the modification according to the BLUECOPTERTM design of Airbus Helicopters as shroud design, stator design and fan blade design are presented. After describing test procedure and test parameter the design of the liner is given. According to tonal BPF noise components resulting from turbulent inflow conditions and rotor stator interaction and stochastic broadband components due to high vorticity flow at the fan blade tips two kind of liner haven been designed. An acoustic, double degree of freedom (DDOF) liner was studied both, numerically and by experiments and integrated behind the fan plane. His absorption efficiency was simulated and tested. In addition an aerodynamic liner was integrated for vorticity reduction in the vicinity of the fan blade tips by allowing flow penetration into a partially permeable shroud surface. Stochastic noise reduction was expected due to vorticity reduction. The efficiency of both types of liner could be demonstrated by measurements. Up to 3 dB(A) OASPL reduction was demonstrated.
PM brushless motors comparison for a Fenestron(r)type helicopter tail rotor
Venue: 2016 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion (SPEEDAM)

This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor for helicopter tail rotor application. The application demands high specific power and specific torque with little possibility to adopt a liquid cooling solution. The tail rotor shall also comply with severe safety requirements that directly affect the motor design. Volume and weight constraints make the design of the electrical machine challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the Fenestron(r) mechanical actuation system. In the paper two different permanent magnet motors with external rotor are illustrated and compared.
Numerical investigations of Fenestron(tm) noise characteristics using a hybrid method

The present article gives an overview of numerical investigations performed during a research project aimed at in depth understanding of noise generation mechanisms of a shrouded helicopter tail rotor such as Airbus Helicopters Fenestron$\mathrm{TM}$TM. Both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic studies are performed based on a full scale lightweight transport helicopter configuration with detailed geometry of the Fenestron$\mathrm{TM}$TM and by neglecting of the main rotor downwash effect. Analysis is carried out by using a hybrid method, combining Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) simulation with Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW H) acoustic analogy. Two representative helicopter flight conditions, namely fast forward flight and hovering, are considered. Thereby, it is intended to assess the influence of cross flow in forward flight condition on the Fenestron$\mathrm{TM}$TM acoustic property. Effect of turbulence model on the accuracy of noise prediction is also investigated by comparing the Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model with the Scale Adaptive Simulation (SAS) The capability of the applied hybrid methodology is estimated by means of flight test measurements. A good agreement is found between the predicted and measured sound spectra in terms of blade passing frequency (BPF) and its corresponding sidebands for both flight conditions investigated.
Fluid flow in porous media with rough pore solid interface

Quantifying fluid flow through porous media hinges on the description of permeability, a property of considerable importance in many fields ranging from oil and gas exploration to hydrology. A common building block for modeling porous media permeability is consideration of fluid flow through tubes with circular cross section described by Poiseuille's law in which flow discharge is proportional to the fourth power of the tube's radius. In most natural porous media, pores are neither cylindrical nor smooth; they often have an irregular cross section and rough surfaces. This study presents a theoretical scaling of Poiseuille's approximation for flow in pores with irregular rough cross section quantified by a surface fractal dimension Ds2. The flow rate is a function of the average pore radius to the power 2(3 Ds2) instead of 4 in the original Poiseuille's law. Values of Ds2 range from 1 to 2, hence, the power in the modified Poiseuille's approximation varies between 4 and 2, indicating that flow rate decreases as pore surface roughness (and surface fractal dimension Ds2) increases. We also proposed pore length radius relations for isotropic and anisotropic fractal porous media. The new theoretical derivations are compared with standard approximations and with experimental values of relative permeability. The new approach results in substantially improved prediction of relative permeability of natural porous media relative to the original Poiseuille equation.