nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Risk Taking, Perspective Taking, and Inhibitory Control During Adolescence
Venue: Developmental neuropsychology

Structural and functional brain development is thought to lead to different developmental progressions of cognitive control, risk/reward processing, and social cognition during adolescence. We compared these abilities in a cross sectional sample of 90 adolescents aged 12, 15, or 17 years old, using computerized measures of inhibitory control (Go/No Go task) risk taking (Balloon Analogue Risk task) and social perspective taking (Director task) Fifteen year olds exhibited better inhibitory control than 12 year olds, while 17 year olds exhibited greater perspective taking than younger adolescents. Risk taking was greater in older adolescents than 12 year olds when controlling for inhibitory control. These findings are consistent with earlier findings obtained in separate samples.
The association between post traumatic stress disorder and lifetime DSM 5 psychiatric disorders among veterans: Data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (NESARC III)
Venue: Journal of psychiatric research

This study examined the prevalence, correlates and psychiatric comorbidity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM 5) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a nationally representative sample of U.S. veterans using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III (n 3119 veteran respondents) The overall prevalence of lifetime PTSD was 6.9% Lifetime PTSD prevalence was higher among veterans who were female (13.2% aged 18 29 years (15.3% Native American (24.1% or Black (11.0% previously or never married (9.6% and 11.2, respectively) had incomes less than $70,000 (7.2% 10.1% and had >2 traumatic events (5.2% 14.7% After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity between lifetime PTSD and other psychiatric disorders was highest for any personality disorder (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 11.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7, 21.5) any mood disorder (AOR 9.7, 95% CI, 4.6, 20.4) and any anxiety disorder (AOR 9.6, 95% CI, 5.1, 17.7) followed by nicotine, drug, and alcohol use disorders (AOR 3.4, 95% CI, 1.8, 6.5; AOR 3.1, 95% CI, 2.0, 5.9; 2.1, 95% CI, 1.5, 3.1, respectively) Associations remained with any mood, anxiety, and personality disorders after controlling for other psychiatric disorders (AOR 3.7, 95% CI, 1.2, 10.9; AOR 3.5, 95% CI, 1.6, 7.4; AOR 4.5, 95% CI, 2.3, 8.7, respectively) Veterans who sought treatment for PTSD had more comorbid conditions, although treatment was only associated with comorbid drug use disorder (AOR 2.4, 95% CI, 1.0, 5.7) In U.S. veterans, PTSD is highly comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Although many veterans remain untreated, comorbidity may influence treatment seeking.
Discriminative human action classification using locality constrained linear coding
Venue: Pattern Recognit. Lett.

We propose using the locality constrained linear coding for action classification.Our sequence descriptor includes cell, block, and subsequence descriptors.We use maximum pooling and a logistic regression classifier to encode each sequence.We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm on both depth and RGB videos. We propose a Locality constrained Linear Coding (LLC) based algorithm that captures discriminative information of human actions in spatio temporal subsequences of videos. The input video is divided into equally spaced overlapping spatio temporal subsequences. Each subsequence is further divided into blocks and then cells. The spatio temporal information in each cell is represented by a Histogram of Oriented 3D Gradients (HOG3D) LLC is then used to encode each block. We show that LLC gives more stable and repetitive codes compared to the standard Sparse Coding. The final representation of a video sequence is obtained using logistic regression with 2 regularization and classification is performed by a linear SVM. The proposed algorithm is applicable to conventional and depth videos. Experimental comparison with ten state of the art methods on three depth video and two conventional video databases shows that the proposed method consistently achieves the best performance.
Novel pharmacological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome
Venue: Expert review of gastroenterology hepatology

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder, which represents a major cost to healthcare services. Current pharmacological treatment includes fibre supplements, antispasmodics, laxatives, loperamide and antidepressants. This article reviews the novel pharmacological treatments already or recently approved for patients with IBS C (lubiprostone, linaclotide) and IBS D (alosetron, ramosetron, rifaximin, eluxadoline) Furthermore, results for drugs in development (plecanatide, ibudutant and ebastine) or used in chronic constipation or for other indications, with potential application in IBS (prucalopride, elobixibat, mesalazine, ondansetron and colesevelam) are also reviewed.
Review: The Role of MOP and DOP Receptors in Treatment of Diarrheapredominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Venue: Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry

Diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS D) is a frequent functional disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract affecting nearly one fifth of the worldwide population. IBS D is associated with numerous symptoms including diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and discomfort, which significantly reduce patients' quality of life. Due to a complex and unclear pathogenesis, effective therapy against IBS D has not been developed yet. Nowadays, treatment is focused on non pharmacological (e.g. changes in diet and life style) and pharmacological (e.g. loperamide, ramosetron, rifaximin) approaches. The endogenous opioid system is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the GI tract. Activation of the intestinal opioid receptors (ORs) in particular m (MOP) and d (DOP) results in reduction of epithelial secretion and increase of water/electrolyte absorption; moreover, opioids are strong analgesic agents. Thus, ligands of ORs are a promising target in IBS D treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of ORs in the pathogenesis of IBS D and the use of "classical" and novel, such as P 317, eluxadoline and biphalin MOP and DOP receptor ligands in preclinical and clinical trials.
Effects of horticulture therapy on nursing home older adults in southern Taiwan
Venue: Quality of Life Research

PurposeThis study aimed to test the effects of horticulture therapy on activities of daily living, happiness, meaning of life, and interpersonal intimacy of nursing home older adults in southern Taiwan. quasi experimental study was applied. Eighty five older adults aged 65 or older who lived in nursing homes in southern Taiwan were recruited conveniently. All participants completed the study: experimental group (n 41) and control group (n 44) The experimental group received horticulture therapy for 1 h once a week for 8 weeks, while the control group continued their routine daily activities. The following questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention period: (1) Barthel Index (BI) (2) Chinese Happiness Inventory short version (CHI) (3) Meaning of Life Scale (MLS) and (4) Interpersonal Intimacy Scale (IIS).ResultsThe BI, CHI, MLS, and IIS scores significantly improved in the experimental group (p .05) After 8 weeks of horticulture therapy, the BI, CHI, and IIS scores of experimental group participants were significantly better than the scores of control group participants (p .05) however, the MLS scores of two groups showed no significant differences (p .738).ConclusionsHorticulture therapy improved activities of daily living, happiness, and interpersonal intimacy of older adults in nursing homes. We recommend that nursing homes recruit and train personnel to lead horticultural therapy and to incorporate the therapy as routine daily activities in the facilities.
Feedback loops in a world of complexity: a cybernetic approach at the interface of foreign policy analysis and international relations theory

Feedback in foreign policy occurs when a state's foreign policy affects the international context of that state and those changes in context subsequently impact on the state's future foreign policy decisions. In this way, feedback loops can develop, which may become self reinforcing and in which foreign policy and international context continuously affect each other. Even though such processes are ubiquitous especially in a globalized world, they have hitherto received little systematic attention. We introduce cybernetics as a perspective that puts such feedback effects at the centre of attention and provides an accessible sequential framework for analysing them. Such a cybernetic analysis not only demonstrates the significance of feedback processes in foreign policies but also speaks to several recent debates in international relations theory and foreign policy analysis. In particular, it highlights processes of learning and change, of non linearity and indeterminacy, and enables the researcher to integrate insights from structure and agency based approaches. We outline the merits of a cybernetic analysis by discussing the effects of feedback in the United States' War on Terror.
Cybernetic Modernism and the Feedback Loop: Ezra Pound's Poetics of Transmission

Fed up with the crowded and cacophonous world of early twentieth century media culture, Ezra Pound makes this grouchy declaration in the early pages of his 1938 Guide to Kulchur.1 As he sees it, the world is becoming ever more saturated with disorganized information, and readers of all persuasions are in desperate need of tools to help them negotiate their social reality. These sentiments underscore Pound's commitment, in both his critical writing and his poetry, to developing communication strategies capable of sifting through and making sense of modernity's "heteroclite mass of undigested information." In the pages to come, I trace how this ambition permeates the infamous Radio Rome broadcasts and finds powerful creative expression in the poetics of the Chinese History Cantos. Most crucially, though, I cast this valence, which is not only an aspect of Pound's writing but also literary modernism more broadly, as an aesthetic counterpart to the technological and scientific discourse of World War II cybernetics. Cybernetics was the brainchild of Norbert Wiener, an MIT mathematician who maintained such a highly fraught influence on the field of twentieth century communication technology that recent biographers have hailed him as the "dark hero of the information age."2 Wiener coined "cybernetics" by adapting the modernism modernity
Stiffness of Badminton Racket

In this chapter, the effects of racket structural stiffness toward racket performance were widely discussed. Parametric studies were conducted using a validated finite element model of badminton racket consist of various shafts cross sectional designs and lengths to determine the correlation between shaft design and racket structural stiffness toward racket performance. Based on the results, the design of racket shaft influence the structural stiffness of badminton racket and had a significant effect on the racket performance. The research finding shows a good argument that helps in the development of racket shaft design.
Coefficient of Restitution in Badminton Racket

This chapter explains in greater detail on the development of generating the finite element model for badminton racket using ABAQUS (Explicit) Among the details involved material selections, measurement and important boundary conditions of the finite element models were presented. Several relevant theories behind the analysis of the badminton racket's performance, such as the equation of coefficient of restitution, COR in badminton racket were explained. Other than that, the important information about the experimental procedures and apparatus setup were explained in detail. The experimental analysis is crucial since the results will be used to validate the finite element model.
NUR77 exerts a protective effect against inflammatory bowel disease by negatively regulating the TRAF6/TLR IL 1R signalling axis
Venue: The Journal of pathology

Nur77, an immediate early response gene, participates in a wide range of biological functions. Its human homologue, NUR77, is known by several names and has the HGNC approved gene symbol NR4A1. However, the role of Nur77 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using public data from the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC) on the most recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) we found that genetic variants of the NUR77 gene are associated with increased risk for both UC and CD. Accordingly, Nur77 expression was significantly reduced in colon tissues from patients with UC or CD and mice treated with DSS. Nur77 deficiency increased the susceptibility of mice to DSS induced experimental colitis and prevented intestinal recovery, whereas treatment with cytosporone B (Csn B) an agonist for Nur77, significantly attenuated excessive inflammatory response in the DSS induced colitis mouse model. Mechanistically, NUR77 acts as a negative regulator of TLR IL 1R signalling by interacting with TRAF6. This interaction prevented auto ubiquitination and oligomerization of TRAF6 and subsequently inhibited NF kB activation and pro inflammatory cytokine production. Taken together, our GWAS based analysis and in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that Nur77 is an important regulator of TRAF6/TLR IL 1R initiated inflammatory signalling, and loss of Nur77 may contribute to the development of IBD, suggesting Nur77 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of IBD.
Nur77 exacerbates PC12 cellular injury in vitro by aggravating mitochondrial impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Venue: Scientific reports

The nuclear orphan receptor, Nur77 plays important roles in neuroimflammation, apoptosis, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. We conducted a further mechanistic investigation into the association of Nur77 with cell death. Cytosporone B (Csn B) an agonist for Nur77, and Nur77 knockdown were adopted in the 6 hydroxydopamine (OHDA) lesioned PC12 cells to investigate the mechanisms underlying Nur77 mediated injury. The 6 OHDA incubation caused Nur77 translocation from the nucleus to cytosol and Endoplasm reticulum (ER) and induced co localization of Tom20/Nur77 and Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI)/Nur77. Nur77 activation further decreased cell viability, aggravated intracellular LDH release, intracellular Ca2+ ROS levels, apoptosis, ER tress and, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DPsm) decline. In addition, Nur77 activation significantly enhanced the efficiency of autophagy as indicated by an up regulation of Beclin 1/LC 3 and downregulation of p62, and aggravated mitochondrial dysfunctions and ER stress as shown by increased HSP60/Cytochrome C (Cyt C) and CHOP ATF3 levels respectively. These changes could be partially reversed by Nur77 knockdown. Moreover, Nur77 activation upregulated PINK1 and downregulated Parkin levels. We conclude that Nur77 exacerbates PC12 cell death at least partially by aggravating the mitochondrial impairment and ER stress and enhancing autophagy. We propose that Nur77 is likely a critical target in the PD therapy.
Recovery of ferric oxide from bayer red mud by reduction roasting magnetic separation process
Venue: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Mater. Sci. Ed.

A great amount of red mud generated from alumina production by Bayer process was considered as a low grade iron ore with a grade of 5wt% to 30wt% iron. We adopted the reduction roastingmagnetic separation process to recover ferric oxide from red mud. The red mud samples were processed by reduction roasting, grinding and magnetic separating respectively. The effects of different parameters on the recovery rate of iron were studied in detail. The optimum techqical parameters were proposed with 700 degC roasting for 20 min, as 50wt% carbon and 4wt% additive were added. The experimental results indicated that the iron recovery and the grade of total iron were 91% and 60% respectively. A novel process is applicable to recover ferric oxide from the red mud waste fines.
Ultra low frequency vertical vibration isolator based on a two stage beam structure

High performance vertical vibration isolators are required in precision instruments and physical experiments to reduce the seismic noise, which limits the instrument performance and measurement results. For example, inertial references are needed in interferometric gravitational wave detectors and absolute gravimeters, in order to separate the useful signal from noise. Microseisms typically occur at around 0.07 Hz. The secondary microseisms occur at about 0.14 Hz. Buildings usually wobble at frequencies between 0.1 and 1 Hz. To reduce all these vibrations would require a spring mass system with a resonance frequency lower than 0.05 Hz. The most commonly applied techniques use a passive vertical isolation system, which is easy to set up and cheap to build. However, to achieve low cut off frequency, such as 0.05 Hz, there requires longer than 100 m static deflection for a simple passive isolator, which is impractical in most applications. An ultra low frequency active vertical vibration isolator, based on a two stage beam structure, is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. Two beams are connected to a frame with flexural pivots. The upper beam is suspended from the frame with a normal hex spring. The lower beam is suspended from the upper one by a zero length spring. The flexural pivots of the upper beam are not vertically placed above the pivots of the lower beam. With this special design, the attachment points of the zero length spring to the beams can be moved to change the effective stiffness. A laser reflectometry is used to detect the angle between the two beams. A laser collimator, a mirror, a beam splitter and an optical detector are fixed to the upper beam, and another mirror is fixed to the lower beam. A laser beam from the collimator is directed to the detector via the mirrors and the beam splitter. The output of the detector is proportional to the angle between the two beams. The minimum detectable angle is 36 nrad. The angle signal is sent to a circuit to generate a control signal, which drives a voice coil mounted between the lower beam and the frame to maintain the angle between the two beams to a fixed value. The isolation system can achieve a natural period of 100 s by carefully adjusting the attachment points of the zero length spring and the feedback parameters. This type of isolator has a simpler and more robust structure than the famous active vibration isolator the super spring. The system is promising in applications such as precision instruments and experiments, especially in absolute gravimeters.
Examining the Effectiveness of Digital Textbook use on Students' Learning Outcomes in South Korea: A Meta analysis

This meta analysis examines the effects of digital textbook (DT) use on students' learning outcomes in South Korea. The South Korean government launched a DT project in 2007; thorough examinations of the effectiveness of DTs are currently underway before effecting the full application of DTs in local schools nationwide. Using 625 effect sizes (ESs) from 26 primary studies, this study found the overall ES of DT use to be 0.34, using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses based on several moderator variables such as school level, subject, location, and publication type were conducted to determine the effects of DT use. The overall results with subgroup analyses suggest that the effects on student motivation are higher than the effects on achievement. These findings indicate that DT can be used as an effective tool to increase student motivation. To fully realize the potential of DT in the classroom, we suggest deregulation of the rigid DT review and approval policy.
Effect of silane treatment on the mechanical properties of polyurethane/water glass grouting materials

In this study, silane coupling agent 3 chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CTS) was used for improving the distribution of water glass (WG) in the polyurethane (PU) matrix and increasing the crosslinking density of PU/WG grouting materials. The optimum dosage of CTS and the pretreatment time of WG were investigated. The effect of CTS on the surface property of WG and the fracture morphology of the PU/WG composites was studied by contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effect of CTS on the mechanical properties of PU/WG grouting materials was systematically studied by compression test, fracture mechanical test, flexural test and dynamic mechanical analysis. The introduction of CTS in the PU/WG grouting materials improved the surface property of WG, the homogeneous distribution of polysilicate particles in PU matrix, the compressive property of PU/WG composites by 11.65 40.65% the fracture toughness by 9.68% the fracture energy by 21.33% the flexural strength by 6.60% the flexural modulus by 15.85% and the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites. A possible mechanism of the functions of CTS in the PU/WG grouting materials was proposed.
Low temperature additive manufacturing of three dimensional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: Processing related challenges and property assessment

In the last two decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has made significant progress towards the fabrication of biomaterials and tissue engineering constructs. One direction of research is focused on the development of mechanically stable implants with patient specific size/shape and another direction has been to fabricate tissue engineered scaffolds with designed porous architecture to facilitate vascularization. Among AM techniques, three dimensional powder printing (3DPP) is suitable for fabrication of bone related prosthetic devices, while three dimensional plotting (3DPL) is based on extrusion of biopolymers to create artificial tissues. In the present review, we aim to develop a better understanding of the science and engineering aspects of these low temperature AM techniques (3DPP and 3DPL) in the context of the bone tissue engineering applications. While recognizing multiple property requirements of a 3D scaffold, the central theme is to discuss the critical roles played by the binder and powder properties together with the interplay among processing parameters in the context of the physics of binder material interaction for the fabrication of implants with predefined architecture having structural complexity. An effort also has been exerted to discuss the existing challenges to translate the design concepts and material/binder formulations to develop implantable scaffolds with a more emphasis on bioceramics and biopolymers. Summarizing, this review highlights the need to adopt intelligent processing approaches and targeted application specific biocompatibility characterization, while fabricating mechanically stable and biologically functionalized 3D tissue equivalents.