nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Large, Prospective Analysis of the Reasons Patients Do Not Pursue BRCA Genetic Testing Following Genetic Counseling
Venue: Journal of Genetic Counseling

Genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT) identifies high risk individuals who benefit from enhanced medical management. Not all individuals undergo GT following GC and understanding the reasons why can impact clinical efficiency, reduce GT costs through appropriate identification of high risk individuals, and demonstrate the value of pre GT GC. A collaborative project sponsored by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services prospectively collects anonymous data on BRCA related GC visits performed by providers in Michigan, including demographics, patient/family cancer history, GT results, and reasons for declining GT. From 2008 to 2012, 10,726 patients underwent GC; 3476 (32.4% did not pursue GT.  not the best test candidate (28.1% not clinically indicated (23.3% and insurance/out of pocket cost concerns (13.6% Patient disinterest was the primary reason for declining in 17.1% Insurance/out of pocket cost concerns were the primary reason for not testing in 13.4% of untested individuals with private insurance. Among untested individuals with breast and/or ovarian cancer, 22.5% reported insurance/out of pocket cost concerns as the primary reason for not testing and 6.6% failed to meet Medicare criteria. In a five year time period, nearly one third of patients who underwent BRCA GC did not pursue GT. GT was not indicated in almost half of patients. Insurance/out of pocket cost concerns continue to be barriers.
Risk and Resilience: The Role of Brain derived Neurotrophic Factor in Alcohol Use Disorder

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is well known for its role in synaptic plasticity. More recently, BDNF has come to be regarded as a potential resilience factor in a variety of conditions that are characterized by maladaptive neuroplasticity, including alcohol use disorder. Research in animal models suggests that BDNF may serve as a protective gatekeeper in the transition from social drinking to compulsive alcohol consumption. Further, stress induced modification of BDNF signaling may have an important role in anxiety modulated alcohol consumption. In this article, we will review recent studies of BDNF and alcohol use in human participants. Studies included in this review have used genetic or epigenetic approaches or have measured peripheral BDNF protein levels in serum or plasma. Importantly, a number of these studies have incorporated neuroimaging methods to provide information about structural and/or functional central nervous system correlates of BDNF measures in relation to alcohol use. While there remains a great deal of variability in research findings from human participants on this issue, a number of studies suggest that behavioral or pharmacological interventions designed to enhance neuroplasticity may be a promising avenue for future research on alcohol use disorder.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Ethanol Coupling to Butanol over Hydroxyapatite

The mechanism and kinetics for ethanol coupling to n butanol over hydroxyapatite (HAP) were investigated at 573 613 K. In situ titration experiments show that the active sites for acetaldehyde and butanol formation are different. In combination with FTIR studies, it was found that ethanol dehydrogenation is catalyzed by Ca O sites, whereas condensation of acetaldehyde is catalyzed by CaO/PO43 pairs. Measurements of the reaction kinetics at various ethanol (3.5 9.4 kPa) and acetaldehyde (0.055 0.12 kPa) partial pressures reveal that direct condensation involving two ethanol molecules does not play a significant role in butanol formation; instead, n butanol is formed via a Guerbet pathway. At a constant acetaldehyde pressure, enolate formation is rate limiting, and ethanol inhibits acetaldehyde condensation rates by competitive adsorption. A model of the reaction kinetics consistent with all experimental observations is developed.
Tolerance of Frogs among High School Students: Influences of Disgust and Culture.

Amphibians play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems and some of them inhabit human gardens where they can successfully reproduce. The decline of amphibian diversity worldwide suggests that people may play a crucial role in their survival.We conducted a cross cultural study on high school students' tolerance of frogs in Chile, Slovakia, South Africa and Turkey (n 655 high school students).Results:We found that about 6 of students reported active killing of frogs and 30 reported moving frogs away from their home gardens. Pathogen disgust negatively correlated with frog tolerance suggesting that people who are more sensitive to pathogen conoting cues are less tolerant toward frogs. Tolerance of frogs in parents or other family members appears to significantly influence student tolerance of frogs. Females tended to show higher tolerance of frogs than males.This study highlights the importance of the emotion of disgust in human willingness to protect frogs from a cross cultural perspective.
Personality similarity between teachers and their students influences teacher judgement of student achievement

This study examined personality similarity between teachers and their students and its impact on teacher judgement of student achievement in the domains of reading comprehension and mathematics. Personality similarity was quantified through intraclass correlations between personality characteristics of 409 dyads of German teachers and their students. This similarity index was combined with teachers' global and task specific judgements of student achievement. Personality similarity has a significant effect on global judgement in both domains under study. Students who are similar to their teacher are judged more positively than students who are dissimilar, even when students' test performance is controlled. This effect could not be verified for task specific judgements. Results indicate that impact of potential sympathy bias in social judgements differs between different types of judgement. That is, global judgements are more likely to be biased than more specific judgements. Theoretical and educational relevance of the findings are discussed.
Cognitive fatigue influences students' performance on standardized tests
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

We identify one potential source of bias that influences children's performance on standardized tests and that is predictable based on psychological theory: the time at which students take the test. Using test data for all children attending Danish public schools between school years 2009/10 and 2012/13, we find that, for every hour later in the day, test scores decrease by 0.9% of an SD. In addition, a 20 to 30 minute break improves average test scores. Time of day affects students' test performance because, over the course of a regular day, students' mental resources get taxed. Thus, as the day wears on, students become increasingly fatigued and consequently more likely to underperform on a standardized test. Using test data for all children attending Danish public schools between school years 2009/10 and 2012/13, we examine how the time of the test affects performance. Test time is determined by the weekly class schedule and computer availability at the school. We find that, for every hour later in the day, test performance decreases by 0.9% of an SD (95% CI, 0.7 1.0% However, a 20 to 30 minute break improves average test performance by 1.7% of an SD (95% CI, 1.2 2.2% These findings have two important policy implications: First, cognitive fatigue should be taken into consideration when deciding on the length of the school day and the frequency and duration of breaks throughout the day. Second, school accountability systems should control for the influence of external factors on test scores.
Members of the Hsp70 Family Recognize Distinct Types of Sequences to Execute ER Quality Control.
Venue: Molecular cell

Protein maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum is controlled by multiple chaperones, but how they recognize and determine the fate of their clients remains unclear. We developed an in vivo peptide library covering substrates of the ER Hsp70 system: BiP, Grp170, and three of BiP's DnaJ family co factors (ERdj3, ERdj4, and ERdj5) In vivo binding studies revealed that sites for pro folding chaperones BiP and ERdj3 were frequent and dispersed throughout the clients, whereas Grp170, ERdj4, and ERdj5 specifically recognized a distinct type of rarer sequence with a high predicted aggregation potential. Mutational analyses provided insights into sequence recognition characteristics for these pro degradation chaperones, which could be readily introduced or disrupted, allowing the consequences for client fates to be determined. Our data reveal unanticipated diversity in recognition sequences for chaperones; establish a sequence encoded interplay between protein folding, aggregation, and degradation; and highlight the ability of clients to co evolve with chaperones, ensuring quality control.
Recognizing and Analyzing Ball Screen Defense in the NBA

As the NBA's go to offensive play, determining how to defend the ball screen is among the most critical decisions faced by NBA coaching staffs. In this paper, we present the construction and application of a tool for automatically recognizing common defensive counters to ball screens. Using SportVU player tracking data and supervised machine learning techniques, we learn a classi ier that labels ball screens according to how they were defended. Applied to data from four NBA seasons, our classi ier identi ied 270,823 screens in total. These labeled data enable novel analyses of defensive strategies. We present observations and trends at both the team and player levels. Our work is a step towards the construction of a coaching assistance tool for analyzing one of the game's most important actions.
The Development of NBA in China: A Glocalization Perspective

The growing sport industry and 1.3 billion potential consumers in China have been garnering tremendous attention from more and more overseas professional sport leagues. Comparatively, the National Basketball Association (NBA) has had remarkable success in the Chinese market. From the perspective of sport competition or marketing operations, the NBA's achievement in China provides a model for other overseas sport leagues. This case study was organized by summarizing the developmental history of NBA in China, analyzing its current promotional practices, investigating into its marketing strategies, and extrapolating practical references for other sport leagues aiming to penetrating into the Chinese marketplace. In the perspective of glocalization, multinational corporations should combine both standardized and adapted elements to conceptualize globally and act locally (Tanahashi, 2008) By taking this approach, marketers can meet the needs of local consumers effectively while still maintaining some extent of global standardization (Singh, Kumar, Baack, 2005) To obtain in depth understanding about NBA globalization and localization in China, we conducted one on one interviews with Chinese academic scholars in sport management and practitioners in Chinese basketball industry and NBA China. Two focus groups with six participants in each group were conducted to learn the perception of NBA products from the perspective of Chinese consumer. The qualitative data analysis was organized around four major aspects: products, media, management and public relations, which were highlighted in the glocalization of transnational corporations (Yang, 2003; Zhang, 2007) The current case study concluded that although NBA has achieved huge successes in the areas of building a large fan base, increasing media exposure, and garnering net income after its entry to China, it still faces many challenges. One viable solution for the NBA is to bring authentic American cultural commodities while adding Chinese characteristics to accommodate local fans. Combining global heroes such as Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant and local hero such as Yao Ming, Yi Jianlian, and Jeremy Lin, NBA games will continue to appeal to millions of Chinese fans. Meantime, NBA management needs to continue seeking ways to work out and through the differences in government models and cultural contexts between China and United States. Some viable actions include the promotion of Chinese youth basketball, the training service for elite basketball players, and government level public relations. In addition, this study suggested that the research framework of glocalization would be an ever intriguing inquiry needed for other sport organizations or leagues seeking expansion to overseas markets.
A Pareto based Optimizer for Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environment

A scheduling algorithm in cloud computing environment is in charge of assigning tasks of a workflow to cloud's virtual machines (VMs) so that the workflow completion time is minimized. Due to the heterogeneity and dynamicity of VMs and diversity of tasks size, workflow scheduling is confronted with a huge permutation space and is known as an NP complete problem; therefore, heuristic algorithms are used to reach an optimal scheduling. While the single objective optimization i.e. minimizing completion time, proposes the workflow scheduling as a NP complete problem, multi objective optimization for the scheduling problem is confronted with a more permutation space. In our pre vious work, we considered single objective optimization (minimizing the workflow completion time) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The current study aims to present a multi objective optimizer for conflicting objectives using Gray Wolves Optimizer (GWO) where dependencies exist between workflow tasks. We applied our method to Epigenomics (balanced) and Montage (imbalanced) workflows and compared our results with those of the SPEA2 algorithm based on parameters of Attention Quotient, Max Extension, and Remoteness Dispersal.
Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika zazhivleniia khirurgicheskikh ran slizistoi obolochki polosti rta i kozhi u domashnikh svinei. Svetoopticheskoe i elektronno mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie

to study the specific features of the structural elements of the hard palate and skin in the healing of incised and sutured wounds at the stage of hemostasis and inflammation in pigs.  Nine piglets weighing 35 40 kg were taken for an experiment. 2.5 3.0 cm rectilinear incisions (surgical wound models) were made in the back skin and hard palate. Three skin biopsy specimens and 3 hard palate mucosal biopsy specimens were taken for morphological examinations in each experimental series (control, 6 hours and 3 and 7 days postsurgery) The electron microscopic material was fixed by an in situ immersion method and then processed by the conventional procedure. Semi and ultrafine sections were examined under a Latimet light microscope (Leica) and a JEM 1400 electron microscope (JEOL) respectively, at an accelerating voltage of 80 120 kW.  A rapid decrement of inflammatory processes in the incised and sutured wounds in the early stages of healing results in delayed cleansing of damaged structures and fibrinoids from the wound surface compared to those in the heard palate mucosa. So formation of mature skin granulation tissue begins on day 7 rather on day 3.  The differences in the phases of hemostasis and inflammation affect the further phases of reparative regeneration (proliferation and scar formation) which may lead to a difference in the development of postoperative wound scar tissue.
Asian Strategic Partnerships: New Practices and Regional Security Governance

This article examines the use of strategic partnerships by Asian states as a means of enhancing national and regional security, as well as advancing economic and other objectives. It argues that strategic partnerships are best conceived as a new practice that signals the emergence of new forms of "security governance" in the region. It observes, however, that whereas early strategic partnerships were based on substantive shared agreement on "system principles," contemporary strategic partnerships take different forms, some grounding closer cooperation between like minded partners and some intending to facilitate better management of partners with divergent values and interests. The contemporary behavior of the United States and its traditional and new security partners in the region conform to this general pattern. The article concludes that the proliferation of strategic partnerships and the emergence of regional security governance should prompt a reappraisal of traditional approaches to Asian security, which tend to concentrate on architecture and community at the expense of practices.
Engineering nanoparticle agglomerates as dry powders for pulmonary drug delivery

Controlled agglomeration of nanoparticles to micrometer sized composites (i.e. nanoparticle agglomerates) has been suggested as a particle engineering approach to combine the advantages of nanoparticles with the aerodynamics of microparticles for pulmonary drug delivery. The aim of this thesis was to engineer nanoparticle agglomerates with properties suitable for inhaler formulation, for drugs with different physicochemical properties.  Nanoparticle agglomerates of three model drugs, namely indometacin, ibuprofen and theophylline, were prepared by coupling wet milling and spray drying. In the case of indometacin and ibuprofen, matrix formers (i.e. mannitol and L leucine) were added to the aqueous nanosuspensions of the drugs prior to spray drying while for theophylline wet milling was carried out in isopropanol in the presence of mannitol. Nanoparticle agglomerates were characterised with respect to their particle size, morphology, solid state, redispersibility and dissolution, while their in vitro aerosolisation performance was determined using the next generation impactor. A full factorial design and the fast screening impactor were employed in the case of ibuprofen nanoparticle agglomerates while computational modelling was used to investigate interactions between the crystals of theophylline and mannitol.  Nanosupensions of indometacin and ibuprofen stabilised with various polymers/surfactants were successfully prepared by wet milling and were further spray dried. Incorporation of matrix formers before spray drying resulted in nanoparticle agglomerates with improved redispersibility (ability to reform nanoparticles upon hydration) dissolution and higher fine particle fractions compared to those without matrix formers. In the case of theophylline, mannitol acted as a co milling agent facilitating the size reduction of the drug's needle like crystals. Increasing the amount of mannitol led to the formation of smaller, more spherical and porous particles with enhanced aerosolisation performance. For each drug, the nanoparticle agglomerates produced retained the crystallinity of the starting materials ensuring the long term physical stability of the formulations upon storage.  Combining wet milling and spray drying can be used as an industrially feasible particle engineering platform for dry powders for inhalation. By careful selection of formulation and process parameters, this platform can be applied to a range of drugs with different physicochemical properties.
Exposure to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation From Cardiac Procedures in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: 15 Year Data From a Population Based Longitudinal Cohort.
Venue: Circulation

The burden of low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) exposure from medical procedures among individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) is unknown. In this longitudinal population based study, we sought to determine exposure to LDIR related cardiac imaging and therapeutic procedures in children and adults with CHD.  In an analysis of the Quebec CHD database, exposure to the following LDIR related cardiac procedures was recorded: catheter based diagnostic procedures, structural heart interventions, coronary interventions, computed tomography scans of the chest, nuclear procedures, and pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion and repair. From 1990 to 2005, there were 16 253 LDIR exposed patients with CHD with 317 988 patient years of available follow up. The total number of LDIR related procedures increased from 18.5 to 51.9 per 1000 CHD patients per year (P<0.0001) This increase was attributable to increases in rates per 1000 CHD patients in diagnostic cardiac catheterizations (11.7 to 13.7 per 1000) structural heart interventions (1.0 to 5.2 per 1000) coronary interventions (1.0 to 2.4 per 1000) pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertions (1.6 to 4.4 per 1000) nuclear procedures (4.2 to 13.8 per 1000) and computed tomography scans of the chest (2.5 to 12.3 per 1000) Over time, among children with CHD, the median age at first LDIR procedure decreased from 5.0 years to 9.6 months. Severity of CHD significantly predicted extent of exposure.  From 1990 to 2005, patients with CHD were exposed to increasing numbers of LDIR emitting cardiac procedures. This exposure occurred at progressively younger ages. These findings provide an important perspective on longitudinal LDIR exposure in this at risk population.
Exposure to Low Dose Ionizing Radiation From Cardiac Procedures in Patients With Congenital Heart DiseaseCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE

The burden of low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) exposure from medical procedures among individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) is unknown. In this longitudinal population based study, we sought to determine exposure to LDIR related cardiac imaging and therapeutic procedures in children and adults with CHD.  In an analysis of the Quebec CHD database, exposure to the following LDIR related cardiac procedures was recorded: catheter based diagnostic procedures, structural heart interventions, coronary interventions, computed tomography scans of the chest, nuclear procedures, and pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion and repair. From 1990 to 2005, there were 16 253 LDIR exposed patients with CHD with 317 988 patient years of available follow up. The total number of LDIR related procedures increased from 18.5 to 51.9 per 1000 CHD patients per year P <0.0001) This increase was attributable to increases in rates per 1000 CHD patients in diagnostic cardiac catheterizations (11.7 to 13.7 per 1000) structural heart interventions (1.0 to 5.2 per 1000) coronary interventions (1.0 to 2.4 per 1000) pacemaker/implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertions (1.6 to 4.4 per 1000) nuclear procedures (4.2 to 13.8 per 1000) and computed tomography scans of the chest (2.5 to 12.3 per 1000) Over time, among children with CHD, the median age at first LDIR procedure decreased from 5.0 years to 9.6 months. Severity of CHD significantly predicted extent of exposure.  From 1990 to 2005, patients with CHD were exposed to increasing numbers of LDIR emitting cardiac procedures. This exposure occurred at progressively younger ages. These findings provide an important perspective on longitudinal LDIR exposure in this at risk population.