nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A sub 1 volt analog metal oxide memristive based synaptic device with large conductance change for energy efficient spike based computing systems

Nanoscale metal oxide memristors have potential in the development of brain inspired computing systems that are scalable and efficient. In such systems, memristors represent the native electronic analogues of the biological synapses. In this work, we show cerium oxide based bilayer memristors that are forming free, low voltage |0.8 V| energy efficient (full on/off switching at ~8 pJ with 20 ns pulses, intermediate states switching at ~fJ) and reliable. Furthermore, pulse measurements reveal the analog nature of the memristive device; that is, it can directly be programmed to intermediate resistance states. Leveraging this finding, we demonstrate spike timing dependent plasticity, a spike based Hebbian learning rule. In those experiments, the memristor exhibits a marked change in the normalized synaptic strength >30 times) when the pre and post synaptic neural spikes overlap. This demonstration is an important step towards the physical construction of high density and high connectivity neural networks.
African Traditional Medicine Based Immune Boosters and Infectious Diseases: A Short Commentary

Developed from centuries of oral knowledge passed from generation to generation, African traditional medicines (ATM) are at a crossroads. In order for these ATMs to evolve with time similarly to modern medical sciences, there is an urgent need to scientifically evaluate their mechanism of action, safety and efficacy.  In this short commentary we report on the progress we have made in scientifically evaluating traditional herbal immune boosters at a period where the African continent finds itself ravaged by a plethora of infectious diseases.  While the South African government has gone a long way in building an effective modern health system, many people still use ATMs such as immune boosters for a variety of infectious diseases and general wellbeing. The high prevalence of HIV infections is one of the reasons that have led to an increase in the use of ATMs which purport to have immune boosting capabilities. In our laboratory we have developed various models and carried out extensive in vitro and in vivo biochemical and molecular experiments on the immunomodulatory effects of these immune boosters and have shown that these products can modulate the expression and secretion of both cytokines and chemokines. Therefore the potential uses of immune boosters in clinical medicine does not only apply in treating immunodeficiency caused by HIV but can be useful in managing tuberculosis (TB) various forms of cancer and various other diseases that can be managed by modulating the immune response. Such research studies are very promising and present opportunities for further clinical studies to develop unique ATMs.  As medicines meant to stimulate the body's immune system to defend itself, immune boosters can be useful alone or as immune adjuvants along with pharmaceutical drugs. Therefore further studies on the effectiveness of these immune boosters are justified along with those that will ensure that there are no drug interactions with other pharmaceutical products.
Experimental and Numerical Analyses on the Deposition Behavior of Spherical Aluminum Particles in the Cold Spray Emulated High Velocity Impact Process

Understanding the deposition mechanism of ne solid particles is essential for the effective use of the cold spray (CS) technique, which is used to synthesize dense and thick metallic coatings. As such, in this study, the deposition behaviors of spherical pure aluminum particles were investigated in detail in order to understand the deposition mechanism; these particles had a diameter of 1 mm and were deposited on ve metallic substrate materials, during the CS emulated high velocity impact process. A single particle impact testing system, which is a modi ed single stage light gas gun, was used to evaluate the deposition process. This evaluation con rmed that the critical velocities of Al particles vary signi cantly with the substrate material. In order to identify the dominant factors, the bonding energies, rebound velocities, plastic deformation experienced by the particles and substrates, and removability of the natural oxide lms were evaluated. The results revealed that the critical velocities increased signi cantly with increasing Ar sputtering time required for complete removal of the natural oxide lm; this time represents the removability of the lm. This result con rms that, of the factors considered, the removability of the natural oxide lm exerts the most in uence on Al particle deposition on metallic substrates.
Effects of Substrate Roughness and Spray Angle on Deposition Behavior of Cold Sprayed Inconel 718 for repair of aero engine components

In this study, Inconel 718 powder particles were successfully cold sprayed on Inconel 718 substrate by using nitrogen gas for a repair application of aero engine components. The effects of substrate roughness and spray angle on the deposition behavior of Inconel 718 particles were investigated. It has been found that the deposition behavior of Inconel 718 powder on Inconel 718 substrates is highly influenced by substrate surface roughness. Single powder particle interaction with substrates of different roughness showed that plastic deformation and interfacial material mixing is higher if powder particles interact with substrates of higher roughness. Consequently, substrates with lower roughness demonstrated many abnormalities (e.g. cracks, peeling off) during the deposition. Substrate roughness is limited to influence the deposition efficiency of the first few layers. Besides, it is also observed that particle deformation and coating quality are significantly affected by the spray angle because of asymmetric deformation of the particle due to additional tangential momentum. Moreover, it is observed that deposition efficiency is reduced with a decrease in spray angle, while the coating porosity and coating roughness show an inverse trend. Furthermore, the effects of three input parameters, namely substrate preparation, spray angle and stand off distance, on four outputs (responses) such as thickness, roughness, porosity and Vickers hardness of the coating were studied using non linear statistical regression analysis. The above mentioned four outputs were found to be significantly dependent on substrate preparation and spray angle.
Education for Social Innovation: FAL Model and Transfer of Best Practices

The content and scope of social innovation are ongoing development and diversification. The learning technologies and models incurred by social innovation become the necessary support of social innovation. The paradigm of this context consists in the fact that the educational technologies represent processes of social innovation. The current paper aims to highlight, in synthesis, relevant issues concerning education for social innovation and to substantiate, the extended FAL model. FAL model represents the synergy of three processes, indispensable to social innovation: accountability (A) learning (L) and feedback (F) being developed in the framework of the European research project: Learning from Innovation in Public Sector Environments (LIPSE) Sustainability and transferability of the initiatives of social innovation could be added to those processes. The extended FAL model will have the design necessary to a new approach of education for innovation, usable especially in higher education institutions. Based on a cybernetic learning system or an adaptive system, modeling and description will start from the idea that organizational learning is a social affair, and therefore it valorizes the outcomes and impact of social learning. At the same time, organizational learning is considered a combination between knowledge and behaviour, with characteristics deriving from the specificity of public organizations. For FAL model, accountability is important also due to its public characteristics. For the social environment, the sustainability and transferability of social innovation become important in the context of the contemporary social changes and transformations. The research methodology will use systemic modeling, bibliographic syntheses, empirical researches of initiatives of social innovation from various European programmes. Herewith, we refer to development initiatives/projects of local communities, awarded at European level. The best practices will result from juxtaposition of extended FAL model over the structure and contents of those initiatives.
Development of Framework for Analyzing the Barriers in Total Productive Maintenance

In recent times, many organizations implementing total productive maintenance (TPM) have been failing in their attempts due to different barriers and challenges in TPM implementation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the barriers before manufacturing organizations for adapting to proactive total productive maintenance (TPM) initiatives. It is observed that in the case of TPM, top management should be committed to involve from the beginning to implement and follow up, as this decision is complex and involve huge investment in the long term. Before starting implementation, top management should be convinced of the necessary justification, which requires analysis of various barriers such as lack of top management commitment, lack of human resource management, high turnover at top management level, lack of coordination between different departments. This paper has tried to develop a framework for analyzing the barriers in TPM implementation.
NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of Charge Assisted Strong Hydrogen Bonds in Bronsted Acid Catalysis
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in Bronsted acid catalysis. However, the hydrogen bond properties responsible for the activation of the substrate are still under debate. Here, we report an in depth study of the properties and geometries of the hydrogen bonds in (R) TRIP imine complexes (TRIP: 3,3' Bis(2,4,6 triisopropylphenyl) 1,1' binaphthyl 2,2' diylhydrogen phosphate) From NMR spectroscopic investigations 1H and 15N chemical shifts, a Steiner Limbach correlation, a deuterium isotope effect as well as quantitative values of 1JNH,2hJPH and 3hJPN were used to determine atomic distances (rOH, rNH, rNO) and geometry information. Calculations at SCS MP2/CBS//TPSS D3/def2 SVP level of theory provided potential surfaces, atomic distances and angles. In addition, scalar coupling constants were computed at TPSS D3/IGLO III. The combined experimental and theoretical data reveal mainly ion pair complexes providing strong hydrogen bonds with an asymmetric single well potential. The geometries of the hydrogen bonds are not affected by varying the steric or electronic properties of the aromatic imines. Hence, the strong hydrogen bond reduces the degree of freedom of the substrate and acts as a structural anchor in the (R) TRIP imine complex.
In Situ Solid State (13)C NMR Observation of Pore Mouth Catalysis in Etherification of b Citronellene with Ethanol on Zeolite Beta.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

The reaction mechanism of etherification of b citronellene with ethanol in liquid phase over acid zeolite beta is revealed by in situ solid state (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Comparison of (13)C Hahn echo and (1)H (13)C cross polarization NMR characteristics is used to discriminate between molecules freely moving in liquid phase outside the zeolite and molecules adsorbed inside zeolite pores and in pore mouths. In the absence of ethanol, b citronellene molecules enter zeolite pores and react to isomers. In the presence of ethanol, the concentration of b citronellene inside zeolite pores is very low because of preferential adsorption of ethanol. The etherification reaction proceeds by adsorption of b citronellene molecule from the external liquid phase in a pore opening where it reacts with ethanol from inside the pore. By competitive adsorption, ethanol prevents the undesired side reaction of b citronellene isomerization inside zeolite pores. b citronellene etherification on zeolite beta is suppressed by bulky base molecules (2,4,6 collidine and 2,6 ditertiarybutylpyridine) that do not enter the zeolite pores confirming the involvement of easily accessible acid sites in pore openings. The use of in situ solid state NMR to probe the transition from intracrystalline catalysis to pore mouth catalysis depending on reaction conditions is demonstrated for the first time. The study further highlights the potential of this NMR approach for investigations of adsorption of multicomponent mixtures in general.
Remote Stereocontrol in Dienamine Catalysis: Z Dienamine Preferences and Electrophile Catalyst Interaction Revealed by NMR and Computational Studies.
Venue: Journal of the American Chemical Society

Catalysis with remote stereocontrol provides special challenges in design and comprehension. One famous example is the dienamine catalysis, for which high ee values are reported despite insufficient shielding of the second double bond. Especially for dienamines with variable Z/E ratios of the second double bond, no correlations to the ee values are found. Therefore, the structures, thermodynamics, and kinetics of dienamine intermediates in SN type reactions are investigated. The NMR studies show that the preferred dienamine conformation provides an effective shielding if large electrophiles are used. Calculations at SCS MP2/CBS level of theory and experimental data of the dienamine formation show kinetic preference for the Z isomer of the second double bond and a slow isomerization toward the thermodynamically preferred E isomer. Modulations of the rate determining step, by variation of the concentration of the electrophile, allow the conversion of dienamines to be observed. With electrophiles, a faster reaction of Z than of E isomers is observed experimentally. Calculations corroborate these results by correlating ee values of three catalysts with the kinetics of the electrophilic attack and reveal the significance of CH p and stacking interactions in the transition states. Thus, for the first time a comprehensive understanding of the remote stereocontrol in g functionalization reactions of dienamines and an explanation to the "Z/E dilemma" are presented. The combination of bulky catalyst subsystems and large electrophiles provides a shielding of one face and causes different reactivities of E/Z dienamines in nucleophilic attacks from the other face. Kinetic preferences for the formation of Z dienamines and their unfavorable thermodynamics support high ee values.
Genomic resources and their influence on the detection of the signal of positive selection in genome scans
Venue: Molecular ecology

Genome scans represent powerful approaches to investigate the action of natural selection on the genetic variation of natural populations and to better understand local adaptation. This is very useful, for example, in the field of conservation biology and evolutionary biology. Thanks to Next Generation Sequencing, genomic resources are growing exponentially, improving genome scan analyses in non model species. Thousands of SNPs called using Reduced Representation Sequencing are increasingly used in genome scans. Besides, genome sequences are also becoming increasingly available, allowing better processing of short read data, offering physical localization of variants, and improving haplotype reconstruction and data imputation. Ultimately, genome sequences are also becoming the raw material for selection inferences. Here, we discuss how the increasing availability of such genomic resources, notably genome sequences, influences the detection of signals of selection. Mainly, increasing data density and having the information of physical linkage data expand genome scans by (i) improving the overall quality of the data, (ii) helping the reconstruction of demographic history for the population studied to decrease false positive rates and (iii) improving the statistical power of methods to detect the signal of selection. Of particular importance, the availability of a high quality reference genome can improve the detection of the signal of selection by (i) allowing matching the potential candidate loci to linked coding regions under selection, (ii) rapidly moving the investigation to the gene and function and (iii) ensuring that the highly variable regions of the genomes that include functional genes are also investigated. For all those reasons, using reference genomes in genome scan analyses is highly recommended.
A dynamic truck dispatching problem in marine container terminal
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI)

In this paper, a dynamic truck dispatching problem of a marine container terminal is described and discussed. In this problem, a few containers, encoded as work instructions, need to be transferred between yard blocks and vessels by a fleet of trucks. Both the yard blocks and the quay are equipped with cranes to support loading/unloading operations. In order to service more vessels, any unnecessary idle time between quay crane (QC) operations need to be minimised to speed up the container transfer process. Due to the unpredictable port situations that can affect routing plans and the short calculation time allowed to generate one, static solution methods are not suitable for this problem. In this paper, we introduce a new mathematical model that minimises both the QC makespan and the truck travelling time. Three dynamic heuristics are proposed and a genetic algorithm hyperheuristic (GAHH) under development is also described. Experiment results show promising capabilities the GAHH may offer.
Telemonitoring Temperature and Humidity at Bio energy Process using Smart Phones

Bio energy from biogas can be produced through anaerobic digestion of either organic solid waste or wastewater. Energy production process in the digester is however sometimes hard to be monitored due to manual measurement, otherwise it needs a high technology requiring a high cost budget. This paper presents a low cost technology to monitor the process by using A ndroid based smart phones which can easily be integrated in human daily activity. A program was built by using Eclipse in order to give send/receive command to/from the hardware and display the measurement data on the registered smart phones. The measurement controller was put at the anaerobic digester to record temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) data to memory card and to transmit the data to smart phones. In the experiment with 20 data samples, mean errors were repectively 0.317 o C 0.932 o C and 1,378 for temperature sensor LM35, and temperature and RH sensor using SHT11. Mean squared error for LM35 was 0.373 o C and for SHT11 was 1.117 o C and 2.629 for temperature and RH respectively. The system has been also implemented in the real anaerobic digester. Electrical energy consumption was 0.623 Wh with 30 minutes cycle time and one minute sampling time.
Hot Melt Extrusion for Sustained Protein Release: Matrix Erosion and In Vitro Release of PLGA Based Implants
Venue: AAPS PharmSciTech

The design of biodegradable implants for sustained release of proteins is a complex challenge optimizing protein polymer interaction in combination with a mini scale process which is predictive for production. The process of hot melt extrusion (HME) was therefore conducted on 5 and 9 mm mini scale twin screw extruders. Poly(lactic co glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants were characterized for their erosion properties and the in vitro release of the embedded protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) The release of acidic monomers as well as other parameters (pH value, mass loss) during 16 weeks indicated a delayed onset of matrix erosion in week 3. BSA loaded implants released 17.0% glycolic and 5.9% lactic acid after a 2 week lag time. Following a low burst release (3.7% BSA) sustained protein release started in week 4. Storage under stress conditions (30degC, 75% rH) revealed a shift of erosion onset of 1 week (BSA loaded implants: 26.9% glycolic and 9.3% lactic acid) Coherent with the changed erosion profiles, an influence on the protein release was observed. Confocal laser scanning and Raman microscopy showed a homogenous protein distribution throughout the matrix after extrusion and during release studies. Raman spectra indicated a conformational change of the protein structure which could be one reason for incomplete protein release. The study underlined the suitability of the HME process to obtain a solid dispersion of protein inside a polymeric matrix providing sustained protein release. However, the incomplete protein release and the impact by storage conditions require thorough characterization and understanding of erosion and release mechanisms.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Cengkeh (Syzigium Aromaticum) Sebagai Repellent Semprot Terhadap Lalat Rumah (Musca Domestica)

Housefly (Musca domestica) can act as vectors of disease typus, other stomach diseases such as dysentery and diarrhea, cholera and skin diseases. The use of insect repellent is generally not lethal but rather serves to reject the presence of insects. The content of the clove leaf that serves as a repellent against the house fly are: essential oil or eugenol which typically pungent aroma and flavonoid pungent and bitter tastes that are not favored by the house fly (Musca domestica) The purpose of this study was to determine how the effectiveness of extracts of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) as a repellent (repellent) houseflies (Musca domestica) with a spray method, and the concentration of how much of the leaf extract of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is effective as a repellent (repellent) flies home (Musca domestica) with a spray method. This research is a quantitative research methods Experiments with real (True Experiment) This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Environmental Health UIN Alauddin Makassar, the sample in this study is the house fly as much as 180 tails were divided into four cages each containing 15 flies to the treatment (0% 10% 15% and 20% and 3 times replication with observation time of 60 minutes. The research results are to be obtained amount of 10% concentration of flies hinggapan I repeat that 10 heads, 10 tails which replicates II, and III that replicates nine tails. At a concentration of 15% which is 4 tails I repeat, repetition II are two tails, and replications III is 2 tails. At a concentration of 20% at I repeat that one tail, replicates II 0 and replicates III, 1 tail. Based on the test results Freidman Asymp.Sig value <0.05 is 0.029 which Ha is received and stated that the leaf extract of clove (Syzygium aroticum L. is effective as a repellent against the house fly (Musca domestica) The average thrust extract at a concentration of 10% ie 35.55% the concentration of 15% ie 82.22% and a concentration of 20% ie 95.55% The best treatment in preventing hinggapan fly is at a concentration of 20% to 95.55% thrust. The results of this study are expected to be an alternative vector control especially house flies (Musca domestica) as a plant based repellent spray is environmentally friendly.  flies, clove leaf extract, repellent
Clustering techniques applied to a high speed train pantograph catenary subsystem for electric arc detection and classification

Assessment of the current collection properties of a pantograph catenary system mounted on a train is of great importance. Excessive electric arcing can lead to wear of the system components, and, at the same time, it can be an index of wear status. In this paper we investigate the possibility of detecting arcing events in the pantograph catenary collection system without the need of additional equipment installed on board the train. Data that is currently measured and recorded for modern high speed trains (i.e. voltage and current) are analysed in order to detect and quantify electric arcs and shed light on the current collection quality of the pantograph catenary system. This work was performed in cooperation with Trenitalia s.p.a. who provided the data it collects on board high speed trains in regular passenger service.