nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct fabrication of hybrid nanofibres composed of SiO2 PMMA nanospheres via electrospinning.
Venue: Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces

The direct fabrication of hybrid nanofibres composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted SiO2 (SiO2 PMMA) nanospheres via electrospinning was investigated in detail. SiO2 PMMA nanospheres were successfully prepared, with the SiO2 nanospheres synthesized via the Stober method, followed by in situ surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) Electrospinning was carried out with N,N dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent to disperse SiO2 PMMA nanospheres. The size of the SiO2 core, the molecular weight of the PMMA shell and the concentration of the SiO2 PMMA/DMF solution all had substantial effects on the morphology and structure of electrospun nanofibres composed of SiO2 PMMA nanospheres. When these determining factors were well tailored, it was found that one dimensional necklace like nanofibres were obtained, with SiO2 PMMA nanospheres aligned one by one along the fibre. The successful fabrication of nanofibres by directly electrospinning the SiO2 PMMA/DMF solution verified that polymer grafted particles possess polymer like characteristics, which endowed them with the ability to be processed into desirable shapes and structures.
Fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride tree like nanofiber via one step electrospinning

A novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) tree like nanofiber was controllably fabricated via one step electrospinning by adding certain amount of salt into PVDF solution. A possible mechanism for the formation of the tree like nanofibers was proposed by analyzing high speed camera photos of the spin jet and the result showed that the formation of tree like nanofibers was due to the splitting of jets. The effects of salt type, salt content and processing parameter on the content of tree like branches were investigated. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM) energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) X ray diffraction (XRD) pore size meter and mechanical properties measurement. It was found that the PVDF/TBAC tree like nanofibers with improved crystallinity and mechanical strength. The decreased average pore size caused by the tree like structure and the resistance to organic solvent, can make it as a potential candidate for membrane separation.
User's guide for the SCID 5 PD structured clinical interview for DSM 5 personality disorders

Acknowledgments, Citation and Additional Copyright Notices, Disclosures, 1. Introduction, 2. History, 3. Features of the SCID 5 PD, 3.1 Coverage, 3.2 Diagnostic Summary Score Sheet, 3.3 Basic Structure, 3.4 Screening Personality Questionnaire (SCID 5 SPQ) 3.5 Deviations From DSM 5 Criteria, 4. Administration of the SCID 5 PD, 4.1 Sources of Information, 4.2 SCID 5 PD Interview Questions, 4.3 Interview Questions With Parenthetical Words in All Capital Letters, 4.4 Ratings of Criterion Items, 4.5 Assessment of Other Specified Personality Disorder, 4.6 Use of the SCID 5 PD With the SCID 5 SPQ, 4.7 Use of the SCID 5 PD Without the SCID 5 SPQ, 5. SCID 5 PD Item by Item Commentary, 5.1 Avoidant Personality Disorder, 5.2 Dependent Personality Disorder, 5.3 Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, 5.4 Paranoid Personality Disorder, 5.5 Schizotypal Personality Disorder, 5.6 Schizoid Personality Disorder, 5.7 Histrionic Personality Disorder, 5.8 Narcissistic Personality Disorder, 5.9 Borderline Personality Disorder, 5.10 Antisocial Personality Disorder, 6. Training, 7. Reliability and Validity, 7.1 Reliability of the SCID 5 PD, 7.2 Validity of the SCID II, 7.3 Psychometric Properties of the SCID II Patient Questionnaire,
One year after the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil: from hypotheses to evidence.
Venue: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

Zika virusis an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family with two major strains, an Asian and an African strain. The main vectors involved in the transmission of Zika virus are the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Despite its identification, discovered in 1947 in the Zika forest in Uganda, only isolated and sporadic occurrences of human infection were reported within a largely asymptomatic proportion of individuals. The first reported outbreak occurred in 2007 in the Yap Island, which belongs to the Federated States of Micronesia in the Pacific Ocean, and in French Polynesia, where high attack rates occurred and the first cases of associated Guillain Barre syndrome were reported. From November 2014 to early 2015, the Northeast states of Brazil reported the first outbreaks of Zika virus infection, with laboratory confirmation of Zika virus circulation in April 2015. In the second quarter of 2015, the association between Zika virus infection and neurological symptoms was confirmed in adults. Moreover, in October 2015 a novel suspicion was raised based on clinical and epidemiological observations: that an association between Zika virus infection and neonatal microcephaly may exist. A year after the first reports on Zika virus in Brazil, many hypotheses and much evidence on the patterns of involvement of the disease and its complications have been produced, both in this country and others; other hypotheses still need to be clarified. This review is a synthesis of a new chapter in the history of medicine; it outlines the main results produced.
Differential Susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Americas to Zika Virus
Venue: PLoS neglected tropical diseases

Since the major outbreak in 2007 in the Yap Island, Zika virus (ZIKV) causing dengue like syndromes has affected multiple islands of the South Pacific region. In May 2015, the virus was detected in Brazil and then spread through South and Central America. In December 2015, ZIKV was detected in French Guiana and Martinique. The aim of the study was to evaluate the vector competence of the mosquito spp. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from the Caribbean (Martinique, Guadeloupe) North America (southern United States) South America (Brazil, French Guiana) for the currently circulating Asian genotype of ZIKV isolated from a patient in April 2014 in New Caledonia.  Mosquitoes were orally exposed to an Asian genotype of ZIKV (NC 2014 5132) Upon exposure, engorged mosquitoes were maintained at 28deg+ 1degC, a 16h:8h light:dark cycle and 80% humidity. 25 30 mosquitoes were processed at 4, 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi) Mosquito bodies (thorax and abdomen) heads and saliva were analyzed to measure infection, dissemination and transmission, respectively. High infection but lower disseminated infection and transmission rates were observed for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and French Guiana exhibited a higher dissemination of ZIKV than the other Ae. aegypti populations examined. Transmission of ZIKV was observed in both mosquito species at 14 dpi but at a low level.  This study suggests that although susceptible to infection, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were unexpectedly low competent vectors for ZIKV. This may suggest that other factors such as the large naive population for ZIKV and the high densities of human biting mosquitoes contribute to the rapid spread of ZIKV during the current outbreak.
Effect of fiber orientation on the in plane tensile response of UHPFRC reinforcement layers

The application on existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) slabs of cast on site Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced cement based Composite UHPFRC) layers is a very efficient reinforcement technique, currently spreading. For the design of these tensile reinforcement UHPFRC layers with thicknesses between 25 and 50 mm, a representative in plane tensile response of the UHPFRC has to be determined considering the effects of fiber orientation. To do so, theoretical analysis tools are derived to (1) analyze the relation between fiber orientations in perpendicular directions and (2) determine the average effect of fiber orientation on fiber efficiency at pull out. A comprehensive material testing campaign of a strainhardening UHPFRC is then carried out on specimens with various thicknesses and casting processes and a meso mechanical model is calibrated on the results. The results of this campaign as well as results taken from the literature are used to validate the theoretical developments. Finally, the most likely fiber orientation in a layer of UHPFRC for the casting method considered herein is estimated based on the results of the theoretical developments and the material characterization and a representative tensile response is estimated using the calibrated meso mechanical model.
Effect of fiber orientation on the rate dependent flexural behavior of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete

This study aims to investigate the effect of fiber orientation on the flexural behavior of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) under quasi static and impact loadings. Two placement methods and two specimen sizes were considered to provide different fiber orientations, and image analysis was carried out to quantitatively evaluate the fiber orientation. Quasi static flexural tests were performed according to ASTM standard, while impact tests were performed with two different potential energies (0.48 and 1.13 kJ) using a drop weight impact test machine. Test results indicated that under quasi static loading conditions, higher flexural strength, normalized deflection capacity, and toughness were obtained in the beams that contained better fiber orientation in the direction of the tensile load compared to those with poor fiber orientation; however, no obvious difference in the first cracking properties was observed with respect to the fiber orientation. Under impact loading conditions, the flexural strength and energy absorption capacity were both increased with better fiber orientation, and a greater increase in the flexural strength with strain rate was obtained in the beams with better fiber orientation at an identical potential energy (relative to their counterparts with poorer orientation) Therefore, providing good fiber orientation can be an effective way to improve the impact resistance of UHPFRC beams.
Effect of fiber orientation on energy absorption characteristics of glass cloth/epoxy composite tubes under axial quasi static and impact crushing condition

The collapse characteristics and energy absorption capability of composite tubes made of 759/5224 woven glass cloth/epoxy with different fiber orientations were studied in the present article under axial quasi static and impact crushing condition. The effects of fiber orientation and loading condition on the crushing modes and energy absorption capability were discussed in detail. The fiber orientation could be found to have significant influences on energy absorption performance. Based on results, the energy absorption capability could be improved by selecting proper fiber orientation. The energy absorption capability in impact crushing tests could be found to be slightly lower than that in quasi static crushing tests.
Fabrication of functional PLGA based electrospun scaffolds and their applications in biomedical engineering.
Venue: Materials science engineering. C, Materials for biological applications

Electrospun PLGA based scaffolds have been applied extensively in biomedical engineering, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery system. Due to lack of the recognition sites on cells, hydropholicity and single function, the applications of PLGA fibrous scaffolds are limited. In order to tackle these issues, many works have been done to obtain functional PLGA based scaffolds, including surface modifications, the fabrication of PLGA based composite scaffolds and drug loaded scaffolds. The functional PLGA based scaffolds have significantly improved cell adhesion, attachment and proliferation. Moreover, the current study has summarized the applications of functional PLGA based scaffolds in wound dressing, vascular and bone tissue engineering area as well as drug delivery system.
The significance of electrospinning as a method to create fibrous scaffolds for biomedical engineering and drug delivery applications

The unique properties of fibers have received great attention from the scientific community as suitable candidates for biomedical engineering and drug delivery applications. Their properties include, high surface to volume ratio, high porosity, adjustable pore size and morphological similarity to the extracellular matrix. Polymeric fibrous structures have been recognized as drug delivery system candidates and various techniques have been employed to tailor made their characteristics, such as the electro hydrodynamic techniques (EHD) The latter methods exploit the electrostatic forces in order to create particles or fibers of tunable microstructure. One of the most important EHD is electrospinning, which is a cost efficient method to fabricate fibers, either in the laboratory or in the industrial scale. Electrospinning realizes the direct encapsulation of pharmaceutical agents or biomolecules in the fibers, protecting them from the surrounding environment while at the same time controlling their release. Coaxial electrospinning is a modification of the process, which enables the creation of structures with core shell fiber morphology. Numerous scientific studies have indicated the capability of electrospun fibers to be used as drug delivery systems (DDSs) The main aim of this review is to summarize the basic principles of electrospinning as well as the most recent developments regarding biomedical engineering, focusing on drug delivery.
Chitin and Chitosan: Structure, Properties and Applications in Biomedical Engineering
Venue: Journal of Polymers and the Environment

Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are natural polymers composed of randomly distributed b (1 4) linked d glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N acetyl d glucosamine (acetylated unit) Biopolymers like chitin and chitosan exhibit diverse properties that open up a wide ranging of applications in various sectors especially in biomedical science. The latest advances in the biomedical research are important emerging trends that hold a great promise in wound healing management products. Chitin and chitosan are considered as useful biocompatible materials to be used in a medical device to treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body. A body of recent studies suggests that chitosan and its derivatives are promising candidates for supporting materials in tissue engineering applications. This review article is mainly focused on the contemporary research on chitin and chitosan towards their applications in numerous biomedical fields namely tissue engineering, artificial kidney, skin, bone, cartilage, liver, nerve, tendon, wound healing, burn treatment and some other useful purposes.
Social Support on the Adherence to Treatment of Tuberculosis in Cilacap, Indonesia

Country Indonesia liquid high burden countries in the case of Tuberculosis resistant adenocarcinoma. One of the causes of MDR TB was OAT drink irregularly. Many of the changes that occur in people with tuberculosis physical, psychological and social influence on irregularity OAT drink. The purpose of this research is to know the contribution of the social support against tuberculosis treatment regularity in Cilacap Regency. This was a quantitative study with observational analytic design, carried out in twelve clinics and hospitals, inCilacap. A total of 128 samples were consisted of 42 groups and control group 86. The dependent variables was the regularity of the medication, and the independent variable were the intention, attitude, distance, self efficacy, social support, education and knowledge. The Data collected using the questionnaire and medical record data and analyzed usingpath analysis. There is a direct relationship between education with knowledge, education and knowledge, as well as attitudes toward intentions with the regularity of medical treatment. There is an indirect relationship between posture, distance, social support and self efficacy with the OAT drink regularity through intention. A positive relationship between education with knowledge (b 0.17; 95%CI 0.02 to 0.13; p 0.023) A positive relationship between education with attitude (b 1.23; 95% CI 0.29 to 2.16; p 0.01) Positive relationship knowledge with attitude (b 0.56; 95% CI 1.47 to 0.35; p 0.228) The relationship of positive attitude with the intention (b 0.99; CI 95% 0.05 to 1.94; p 0.039) Negative relationship of distance with the intention (b 0.59; 95% CI 1.49 to 0.31; p 0.202) Positive relationships support social (social support) and intention (b 0.5; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.89; p 0123) A positive relationship with self efficacy of intention (b 1.04;95% CI 0.16 to 2.26; p 0.089) A positive relationship with the intention to ordertreatment of TB (b 2.1; CI 95% 1.24 to 2.97; p 0.001).Conclusion: Education, knowledge, attitude, social support self efficacy related to improve the regularity of treatment of TB through the intention to treat.Attitude, Distance, Social Support, Self Efficacy, Consistency of Treatment of TBCorrespondence: Lina Puspitasari. Midwifery Academic Graha Mandiri Cilacap.  Lina_Puspitasari@yahoo.co.idJournal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 2016, 1(1) 58 65https:/doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2016.01.01.07
Medication adherence in Alzheimer's disease: The mediator role of mindfulness.
Venue: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics

Medication adherence is often assessed based on compliance to the dosage and frequency of physician's prescription. Cognitive impairment is one of the biggest barriers in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who are usually polymedicated with different oral drugs. Transdermal drug delivery, also requires mobility abilities, reinforcing the role of patients' caregivers.  To evaluate the relationship between psychological variables such as social support, family satisfaction, psychological morbidity, awareness of the disease, coping, mindfulness and medication adherence, in patients with AD, taking in consideration the patient's perspective.  Cross sectional and quantitative study including 128 patients with mild AD.  Medication adherence showed a positive relationship with social support, mindfulness, family satisfaction and awareness of the disease. Mindfulness was a mediator in the relationship between awareness of the disease and medication adherence.  This study reinforces the importance of psychological assessment in medication adherence in mild AD patients, specially the role of mindfulness. Intervention programs to promote mindfulness may have a potential dual benefit, preserving cognitive skills and promoting medication adherence.
'Ghost' stories: sociocultural factors influencing tuberculosis treatment adherence in Ghana

Non adherence to treatment is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control and leads to adverse outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality.  To explore the experiences of TB patients taking anti TB drugs in Ghana to improve treatment adherence and prevent TB.  Ten semi structured interviews were conducted. Participants were asked about their experience of taking anti TB drugs and factors that affect treatment adherence. These were transcribed and analysed using inductive content analysis. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling.  Three main themes emerged from the data: family support, stigma, beliefs and misconception. Subthemes included emotional support, financial difficulty and myth.  Patients who have family support, who are 'policed' and reminded to take their drugs at home are likely to adhere to treatment. Traditional beliefs and social stigma can affect medication adherence adversely.
Comparative Influence of Health Locus of Control on Medication Adherence among Tuberculosis and HIV Positive Outpatients in Edo State, Nigeria

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between influence of health locus of control on medication adherence among outpatients undergoing directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) and those receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) Resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) infection following the spread of HIV epidemic has made treatment of TB and HIV co infection a public healthcare priority in Nigeria. However, strict adherence to medications is critical for the treatment to be effective and to prevent death due to TB and rapid progression of HIV to full blown AIDS. Locus of control perceptions of outpatients with TB and HIV infections should be assessed and determined for effective package of treatment that requires strict medication adherence. The participants were 100 outpatients receiving tuberculosis (n 30) and HIV/AIDS (n 70) services in seven selected treatment facilities across Edo State, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. All participants were individually administered with multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scale and Morisky (8 Item) medication adherence questionnaire (MMAQ) Percentage and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data collected and were tested at p 0.05. Heath locus of control presents similar influence on medication adherence among outpatients. There was an association between non adherence (27% and reported health complications (27% by outpatients. The reasons cited for missing medications were travelling (48% work schedule (14.8% religion activities (14.8% side effects of drug (11.1% financial constraints (7.4% and bereavement (3.7% It was also observed that Internal LOC [F (23, 76) 0.469, P<0.05] Powerful others LOC [F (26, 73) 0.067, P<0.05] and Luck or chance LOC [F (27, 72) 0.136, P<0.05] present similar influence on medication adherence among tuberculosis and HIV positive outpatients undergoing treatments. The study revealed that LOC as a personality construct is not determined or influenced by TB or HIV/AIDS conditions. It was further shown that treatment methods such as DOTS for tuberculosis treatment whereby drugs use is directly administered and monitored by healthcare providers with support provided by family members ensured compliance influence of LOC beliefs, especially towards powerful others.  Health, locus of control, medication, adherence, DOTS, tuberculosis, ART, HIV/AIDS