nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfirm alliance configuration as a strategy to reduce shareholder risks

This article investigates how interfirm alliance configuration strategies reduce shareholder risks via the alignment of "what" types of alliances to establish and "with whom" to build such alliances. Two concepts are introduced, partner relatedness and alliance relatedness, to consider how alliance partners and alliance activities relate to the focal firm's business activities. Building upon the dynamic capabilities literature and using secondary data, this research empirically demonstrates that the effects of alliance configuration strategy on shareholder risks depend on the type of risks (idiosyncratic or systematic) and the degree of industry environment changes. With low market dynamism, the consolidation strategy of high partner relatedness/high alliance relatedness reduces idiosyncratic risk. Yet with high market dynamism, the expansion strategy of low partner relatedness/low alliance relatedness decreases idiosyncratic risk. In contrast, the mixed configuration strategies of high partner relatedness/low alliance relatedness or low partner relatedness/high alliance relatedness lessens systematic risk independent of market dynamism.
Participatory Strategy Analysis: The Case of Wine Tourism Business

After a period of progressive abandonment of cultivation, the wine growers of the Etna initiated a process of renewal that allowed them to place high quality products on the market and to involve in wine tourism with the Etna Wine Route. In this context, the viticulture of the Etna is a model, which has become a strategic component of rural sustainable development and improvement of local tourism. In this study we implemented the Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) integrated in the SWOT analysis, a qualitative approach aimed to create awareness and promote action as prioritized by the stakeholders. We argue that the key requirement of the Etna Wine Route effective management for wine tourism development is the stakeholder involvement in generating ideas and developing products and services. In the case of EWR the major problems among the actors concern the distribution of commitments and the ability to focus on marketing strategies. Marketing alliance between the different elements of tourism could offer greater flexibility in choice, contributing to the development of the image of the area. The study shows that the SOR analysis is an effective tool to interpret the planning of tourism development of the EWR in a participatory way.
Roadmap on silicon photonics

Silicon photonics research can be dated back to the 1980s. However, the previous decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the field. Silicon photonics is a disruptive technology that is poised to revolutionize a number of application areas, for example, data centers, high performance computing and sensing. The key driving force behind silicon photonics is the ability to use CMOS like fabrication resulting in high volume production at low cost. This is a key enabling factor for bringing photonics to a range of technology areas where the costs of implementation using traditional photonic elements such as those used for the telecommunications industry would be prohibitive. Silicon does however have a number of shortcomings as a photonic material. In its basic form it is not an ideal material in which to produce light sources, optical modulators or photodetectors for example. A wealth of research effort from both academia and industry in recent years has fueled the demonstration of multiple solutions to these and other problems, and as time progresses new approaches are increasingly being conceived. It is clear that silicon photonics has a bright future. However, with a growing number of approaches available, what will the silicon photonic integrated circuit of the future look like? This roadmap on silicon photonics delves into the different technology and application areas of the field giving an insight into the state of the art as well as current and future challenges faced by researchers worldwide. Contributions authored by experts from both industry and academia provide an overview and outlook for the silicon waveguide platform, optical sources, optical modulators, photodetectors, integration approaches, packaging, applications of silicon photonics and approaches required to satisfy applications at mid infrared wavelengths. Advances in science and technology required to meet challenges faced by the field in each of these areas are also addressed together with predictions of where the field is destined to reach.
A Suitable Artificial Intelligence Model for Inventory Level Optimization

To examine suitable methods of artificial neural networks and their application in business operations, specifically to the supply chain management. The article discusses construction of an artificial neural networks model that can be used to facilitate optimization of inventory level and thus improve the ordering system and inventory management. For the data analysis from the area of wholesale trade with connecting material is used.  Methods used in the paper consists especially of artificial neural networks and ANN based modelling. For data analysis and preprocessing, MS Office Excel software is used. As an instrument for neural network forecasting MathWorks MATLAB Neural Network Tool was used. Deductive quantitative methods for research are also used.  The effort is directed at finding whether the method of prediction using artificial neural networks is suitable as a tool for enhancing the ordering system of an enterprise. The research also focuses on finding what architecture of the artificial neural networks model is the most suitable for subsequent prediction.  Artificial neural networks models can be used for inventory management and lot sizing problem successfully. A network with the TRAINGDX training function and TANSIG transfer function and 6 8 1 architecture can be considered the most suitable for artificial neural network, as it shows the best results for subsequent prediction.  It can be concluded that the created model of artificial neural network can be successfully used for predicting order size and therefore for improving the order cycle of an enterprise. Conclusions resulting from the paper are beneficial for further research.
Green Architecture: A Concept of Sustainability

In recent years, sustainability concept has become the common interest of numerous disciplines. The reason for this popularity is to perform the sustainable development. The Concept of Green Architecture, also known as "sustainable architecture" or "green building," is the theory, science and style of buildings designed and constructed in accordance with environmentally friendly principles. Green architecture strives to minimize the number of resources consumed in the building's construction, use and operation, as well as curtailing the harm done to the environment through the emission, pollution and waste of its components. To design, construct, operate and maintain buildings energy, water and new materials are utilized as well as amounts of waste causing negative effects to health and environment is generated. In order to limit these effects and design environmentally sound and resource efficient buildings; "green building systems" must be introduced, clarified, understood and practiced. This paper aims at highlighting these difficult and complex issues of sustainability which encompass the scope of almost every aspect of human life.
Focusing the Spotlight on the Zebrafish Intestine to Illuminate Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer.
Venue: Advances in experimental medicine and biology

Colorectal cancer, encompassing colon and rectal cancer, arises from the epithelial lining of the large bowel. It is most prevalent in Westernised societies and is increasing in frequency as the world becomes more industrialised. Unfortunately, metastatic colorectal cancer is not cured by chemotherapy and the annual number of deaths caused by colorectal cancer, currently 700,000, is expected to rise. Our understanding of the contribution that genetic mutations make to colorectal cancer, although incomplete, is reasonably well advanced. However, it has only recently become widely appreciated that in addition to the ongoing accumulation of genetic mutations, chronic inflammation also plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of this disease. While a robust and tractable genetic model of colorectal cancer in zebrafish, suitable for pre clinical studies, is not yet available, the identification of genes required for the rapid proliferation of zebrafish intestinal epithelial cells during development has highlighted a number of essential genes that could be targeted to disable colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, appreciation of the utility of zebrafish to study intestinal inflammation is on the rise. In particular, zebrafish provide unique opportunities to investigate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier function. With currently available tools, the interplay between epigenetic regulators, intestinal injury, microbiota composition and innate immune cell mobilisation can be analysed in exquisite detail. This provides excellent opportunities to define critical events that could potentially be targeted therapeutically. Further into the future, the use of zebrafish larvae as hosts for xenografts of human colorectal cancer tissue, while still in its infancy, holds great promise that zebrafish could one day provide a practical, preclinical personalized medicine platform for the rapid assessment of the metastatic potential and drug sensitivity of patient derived cancers.
Writing to Learn and Learning to Write through SWoRD

The largest barrier to giving students opportunities to work on rich problems and tasks requiring a free text response is a feedback bottleneck: there are so many students and there is so little time to provide students with detailed and useful feedback. New automated feedback tools can address a number of those situations, but are not general enough to be applied in all contexts. By contrast, peer feedback is a highly flexible strategy that can be applied to essentially any task assigned to students. Whenever students are given a writing task, they can also be asked to evaluate their peers' work using rubrics and provide constructive criticism. Thus, students can receive detailed feedback on short or long writing tasks without always requiring instructor feedback. Further, students can also learn from evaluating their peer's writing. To make peer feedback a viable strategy, students need to be strongly supported in the process and held accountable for their work so they provide accurate and detailed feedback rather than short and superficial feedback (i.e. "good job" SWoRD (Scaffolded Writing and Rewriting in the Discipline) is a tool that has been iteratively improved through research (described below) to give the support students need to effectively and efficiently provide feedback on the aspects of the assignment that are important for instruction. Most saliently, it has algorithms that ensure students take the reviewing task seriously. Teachers can then assign many more rich writing based assignments than they normally would be able to without being overwhelmed by grading/feedback workload.
Apache Spark Performance Compared to a Traditional Relational Database using Open Source Big Data Health Software

The author outlines how big data software can be utilized to speed up health analytics software when faced with big data problems. Specific data analytics from the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) Analytics tool's will be rewritten to demonstrate Apache Spark's ability to more quickly process data with Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) in comparison to the use of traditional relational databases such as PostgreSQL.
Contrasting effects of historical contingency on phenotypic and genomic trajectories during a two step evolution experiment with bacteria
Venue: BMC Evolutionary Biology

BackgroundThe impact of historical contingency, i.e. the past evolutionary history of a population, on further adaptation is mostly unknown at both the phenotypic and genomic levels. We addressed this question using a two step evolution experiment. First, replicate populations of Escherichia coli were propagated in four different environmental conditions for 1000 generations. Then, all replicate populations were transferred and propagated for further 1000 generations to a single new environment.ResultsUsing this two step experimental evolution strategy, we investigated, at both the phenotypic and genomic levels, whether and how adaptation in the initial historical environments impacted evolutionary trajectories in a new environment. We showed that both the growth rate and fitness of the evolved populations obtained after the second step of evolution were contingent upon past evolutionary history. In contrast however, the genes that were modified during the second step of evolution were independent from the previous history of the populations.ConclusionsOur work suggests that historical contingency affects phenotypic adaptation to a new environment. This was however not reflected at the genomic level implying complex relationships between environmental factors and the genotype to phenotype map.
Company Value Creation through Effective Innovation Process Management

Company value creation is considered a significant metric to measure corporate success. One possible method is the launch of innovative products that potentially attract new customers and capture a reasonable market share. This discussion highlights examples wherein heightening innovation activities through incremental increases in Research and Development spending, the number of innovative products in the sales funnel, as well as those innovative products in the marketplace impact company value. Yet, another company value driver, worthy of consideration, is the effective management of innovation processes. The Stage Gate Control Process embodies a recognized framework for effective innovation process management. Central to this manuscript is the case of PharmaComm, a pharmaceutical company that developed a customized version of the Stage Gate Control Process. By this way PharmaComm accelerated new products development and shortened time to launch. In adapting this methodology, it multiplied company value during the acquisition process.
Blockholders Diversity and Company Value*

According to my new and extensive data on all US public companies, the majority of them have multiple blockholders (large shareholders) These blockholders could differ along several characteristics even within one company. Diversity between blockholders within a firm could have a positive and synergistic impact on its value. Alternatively, conflicting objectives and interests may cause diversity to adversely impact company operations. To investigate the resulting impact of blockholders diversity on company value, I construct diversity measures reflecting their heterogeneity in identity, portfolio size and investment horizon. Using shocks from blockholder acquisitions of financial firms and unexpected increases in payouts they receive from other positions to identify the causality channel, I find that block diversity has a strong negative influence on company value and operations. This result is robust to a variety of specifications and to exclusion of different groups of blockholders. Additionally, simulated placebo tests reject alternative explanations related to other observed and unobserved characteristics of block ownership.
Power Analysis of Single Cell RNA Sequencing Experiments

High throughput single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) has become an established and powerful method to investigate transcriptomic cell to cell variation, and has revealed new cell types, and new insights into developmental process and stochasticity in gene expression. There are now several published scRNA seq protocols, which all sequence transcriptomes from a minute amount of starting material. Therefore, a key question is how these methods compare in terms of sensitivity of detection of mRNA molecules, and accuracy of quantification of gene expression. Here, we assessed the sensitivity and accuracy of many published data sets based on standardized spike ins with a uniform raw data processing pipeline. We developed a flexible and fast UMI counting tool (https:/github.com/vals/umis) which is compatible with all UMI based protocols. This allowed us to relate these parameters to sequencing depth, and discuss the trade offs between the different methods. To confirm our results, we performed experiments on cells from the same population using three different protocols. We also investigated the effect of RNA degradation on spike in molecules, and the average efficiency of scRNA seq on spike in molecules versus endogenous RNAs.
Future and past negative time perspective influences on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Mexico and the United States

This paper aims to examine the influence of future and past negative time perspectives on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The effect of national culture (Mexico versus the USA) as a moderator of the above baseline relationships is also analyzed.  The research model is tested using survey data drawn from a sample of 287 Mexican and 274 US MBA students (N 561) Regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.  Future time perspective has a positive relationship with job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Past negative time perspective has a negative association with both job attitudes. The effect of future time perspective on job satisfaction was significantly stronger in Mexico than in the USA. No other significant differences between the countries were found in terms of the time perspective and job attitudes association.  The results have implications for managing dispositions that affect work related attitudes and behaviors with consequences for organizational effectiveness.  The findings suggest that time perspective affects job attitudes. Further, they also suggest that the interplay between future time perspective and culture influences job satisfaction.
Herbal CNS stimulants

This review article draws the attention to many plant species possessing central nervous system (CNS) stimulant activity. CNS stimulants are classified on the basis of their pharmacological action such as psychostimulants, psychoanaleptic and Cognition enhancers. Psychostimulants such as Tea, Coffee, and Cocoa are used to induce temporary improvements in mental and physical function by enhancing the (CNS) Psychoanaleptics such as Ephedra, Khat, and St. John's wort are used in weight reduction treatment. Cognition Enhancers such as Ginkgo and Gotu kola is used to improve memory and also used in treatment of vertigo, short term memory loss, lack of attention. The article also discusses the novel approaches for formulation development of herbal CNS stimulants and plants which are in research.
The Genetics of Kiwifruit Flavor and Fragrance

Kiwifruit is appreciated for its distinctive flavor Green fleshed Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa kiwifruit have a tangy sweet flavor with green notes of citrus and melon. Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis fruit have a more tropical flavor, with hints of mango and berry fruit. The flavors of kiwifruit result from a subtle mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) balanced with both good sweetness and acidity. VOCs have been studied extensively in a range of cultivars by analytical means including GC MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) and GC olfactometry analysis, and the major compounds and important odorants have been identified. In most kiwifruit species, esters such as methyl and ethyl butanoates are responsible for the fruity notes, while aldehydes such as hexanal and (E) 2 hexenal contribute green/grassy notes. Species specific compounds such as monoterpenes and strawberry furanone have also been found, as well as certain sulfur compounds that are responsible for tropical notes. Sequestered volatiles may be an important pool of unreleased aroma potential in certain fruit. A detailed account of the genetics, gene regulation, and biosynthesis of these major aroma classes in kiwifruit is presented in the following review.
Retinal Fundus Image Analysis for Diagnosis of Glaucoma: A Comprehensive Survey
Venue: IEEE Access

The rapid development of digital imaging and computer vision has increased the potential of using the image processing technologies in ophthalmology. Image processing systems are used in standard clinical practices with the development of medical diagnostic systems. The retinal images provide vital information about the health of the sensory part of the visual system. Retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, Stargardt's disease, and retinopathy of prematurity, can lead to blindness manifest as artifacts in the retinal image. An automated system can be used for offering standardized large scale screening at a lower cost, which may reduce human errors, provide services to remote areas, as well as free from observer bias and fatigue. Treatment for retinal diseases is available; the challenge lies in finding a cost effective approach with high sensitivity and specificity that can be applied to large populations in a timely manner to identify those who are at risk at the early stages of the disease. The progress of the glaucoma disease is very often quiet in the early stages. The number of people affected has been increasing and patients are seldom aware of the disease, which can cause delay in the treatment. A review of how computer aided approaches may be applied in the diagnosis and staging of glaucoma is discussed here. The current status of the computer technology is reviewed, covering localization and segmentation of the optic nerve head, pixel level glaucomatic changes, diagonosis using 3 D data sets, and artificial neural networks for detecting the progression of the glaucoma disease.
Genero, uma categoria util para a analise historica

Aqueles que se propoem a codificar os sentidos das palavras lutam por uma causa perdida, porque as palavras, como as ideias e as coisas que elas significam, tem uma historia. Nem os professores de Oxford, nem a Academia Francesa foram inteiramente capazes de controlar a mare, de captar e fixar os sentidos livres do jogo da invencao e da imaginacao humana. Mary Wortley Montagu acrescentava a ironia a sua denuncia do "belo sexo" "meu unico consolo em pertencer a este genero e ter certeza de que nunca vou me casar com uma delas" fazendo uso, deliberadamente errado, da referencia gramatical. Ao longo dos seculos, as pessoas utilizaram de forma figurada os termos gramaticais para evocar tracos de carater ou tracos sexuais. Por exemplo, a utilizacao proposta pelo Dicionario da Lingua Francesa de 1879 era: "Nao se sabe qual e o seu genero, se e macho ou femea, fala se de um homem muito retraido, cujos sentimentos sao desconhecidos" E Gladstone fazia esta distincao em 1878: "Atenas nao tinha nada do sexo a nao ser o genero, nada de mulher a nao ser a fama" Mais recentemente recentemente demais para encontrar seu caminho nos dicionarios ou na enciclopedia das ciencias sociais as feministas comecaram a utilizar a palavra "genero" mais seriamente, no sentido mais literal, como uma maneira de referir se a organizacao social da relacao entre os sexos. A conexao com a gramatica e ao mesmo tempo explicita e cheia de possibilidades inexploradas. Explicita, porque o uso gramatical implica em regras que decorrem da designacao do masculino ou feminino; cheia de possibilidades inexploradas, porque em varios idiomas indo europeus existe uma terceira categoria o sexo indefinido ou neutro. Na gramatica, genero e compreendido como um meio de classificar fenomenos, um sistema de distincoes socialmente acordado mais do que uma descricao objetiva de tracos inerentes. Alem disso, as classificacoes sugerem uma relacao entre categorias que permite distincoes ou agrupamentos separados.