nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Individual and Group Performance Suffers from Social Niche Disruption
Venue: The American Naturalist

The social niche specialization hypothesis predicts that animal personalities emerge as a result of individuals occupying different social niches within a group. Here we track individual personality and performance and collective performance among groups of social spiders where we manipulated the familiarity of the group members. We show that individual personalities, as measured by consistent individual differences in boldness behavior, strengthen with increasing familiarity and that these personalities can be disrupted by a change in group membership. Changing group membership negatively impacted both individual and group performance. Individuals in less familiar groups lost weight, and these groups were less successful at performing vital collective tasks. These results provide a mechanism for the evolution of stable social groups by demonstrating that social niche reestablishment carries a steep cost for both individuals and groups. Social niche specialization may therefore provide a potential first step on the path toward more organized social systems.
When does power disparity help or hurt group performance?
Venue: The Journal of applied psychology

Power differences are ubiquitous in social settings. However, the question of whether groups with higher or lower power disparity achieve better performance has thus far received conflicting answers. To address this issue, we identify 3 underlying assumptions in the literature that may have led to these divergent findings, including a myopic focus on static hierarchies, an assumption that those at the top of hierarchies are competent at group tasks, and an assumption that equality is not possible. We employ a multimethod set of studies to examine these assumptions and to understand when power disparity will help or harm group performance. First, our agent based simulation analyses show that by unpacking these common implicit assumptions in power research, we can explain earlier disparate findings power disparity benefits group performance when it is dynamically aligned with the power holder's task competence, and harms group performance when held constant and/or is not aligned with task competence. Second, our empirical findings in both a field study of fraud investigation groups and a multiround laboratory study corroborate the simulation results. We thereby contribute to research on power by highlighting a dynamic understanding of power in groups and explaining how current implicit assumptions may lead to opposing findings.
The Long Term Public Health Benefits of Breastfeeding
Venue: Asia Pacific journal of public health

Breastfeeding has many health benefits, both in the short term and the longer term, to infants and their mothers. There is an increasing number of studies that report on associations between breastfeeding and long term protection against chronic disease. Recent research evidence is reviewed in this study, building on previous authoritative reviews. The recent World Health Organization reviews of the short and long term benefits of breastfeeding concluded that there was strong evidence for many public health benefits of breastfeeding. Cognitive development is improved by breastfeeding, and infants who are breastfed and mothers who breastfeed have lower rates of obesity. Other chronic diseases that are reduced by breastfeeding include diabetes (both type 1 and type 2) obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, and some types of cancer.
Discontinuity of Breastfeeding Care: "There's No Captain of the Ship"
Venue: Breastfeeding medicine the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine

Breastfeeding rates in the United States are suboptimal. Health professionals (HPs) have a unique opportunity to support breastfeeding because of the frequency and timing of their visits with mothers and infants as well as their call by professional organizations to do so. The objective of this study was to understand HPs' perceived roles and experiences with providing breastfeeding related care.  In depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 34 HPs (obstetricians, midwives, pediatricians, nurses, and lactation consultants) who care for pregnant or lactating women. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and verified for accuracy; content analysis was used to identify themes using a grounded theory approach.  The overarching theme was discontinuity in breastfeeding care across the continuum. Most HPs relied on other HPs to provide breastfeeding care, which resulted from and contributed to problematic gaps in care that were reported. A minority of HPs attempted to bridge gaps in breastfeeding care or improve continuity. Contributing to the discontinuity were a lack of time, lack of skills, inconsistent messages, and low communication across stages of care. HPs were unsure whether their help was effective and whether required follow up was completed.  Despite HPs' recognition of breastfeeding as the best choice for infant feeding, breastfeeding care may be disjointed and a barrier to achieving breastfeeding recommendations. These problems should be investigated and systemically addressed in future research so that maternal infant dyad breastfeeding care can be improved.
Stakeholder views of breastfeeding education in schools: a systematic mixed studies review of the literature
Venue: International Breastfeeding Journal

BackgroundBreastfeeding provides numerous health benefits for mothers and infants, but worldwide breastfeeding rates fall below recommendations. As part of efforts to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration, the World Health Organization and UNICEF UK recommend educational interventions to increase awareness and positive attitudes towards breastfeeding beginning during the school years. Breastfeeding education in the school setting offers the opportunity to improve the knowledge base, address misconceptions, and positively influence beliefs and attitudes for students from a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive narrative review of the literature regarding student and teacher (stakeholder) views of breastfeeding and breastfeeding education programs in schools to inform future research in the area.MethodsArticles were located through a systematic search of online databases and journals using the following keywords in various combinations: (1) breastfeeding, lactation, breast feeding, "bottle feeding" "infant feeding" (2) student, educator, teacher, "school administrator" and (3) schools, "secondary education" "primary education" "K 12" "high school" "middle school" "elementary school" education, adolescents, curriculum, and a manual search of article references. Studies were screened for inclusion against specific criteria and included papers were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).ResultsThis review suggests that adolescents have a deficit in breastfeeding knowledge and express negative conceptions about breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is being discussed in some school environments, but the extent of lessons and the specific messages that teachers communicate have not been explored. Students appear to be interested in receiving more information about breastfeeding, especially if delivered by health professionals or breastfeeding mothers. The majority of teachers are supportive of incorporating breastfeeding education in family and consumer sciences, sexual education, and health classes; however, time constraints and limited knowledge of infant feeding recommendations may be barriers to implementation of appropriate lesson plans.ConclusionsStudents generally support and are receptive to breastfeeding education; however, research on educator attitudes, knowledge, and experiences are necessary for appropriate implementation of breastfeeding education in varying school settings around the world.
ANALISIS FORMULASI STRATEGI BISNIS DALAM MENGAHADAPI PERSAINGAN INDUSTRI DOORSMEER (Kasus: Penerapan Analisis SWOT pada Ritonga Doorsmeer Duri Riau)

This study was conducted in Ritonga Doorsmeer thorns. This business is engaged in vehicle wash services. The purpose of this study is to formulate business strategies in Ritonga Doorsmeer. This research is a descriptive qualitative approach which in this study did not use the sample population only uses key informants to obtain the required information. The data used are primary and secondary data. From the analysis it can be seen that there are some alternative strategies that can be used as a tool to win the competition in the industry doorsmeer Ritonga. And the results of this analysis to formulate long term strategies.  SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) SWOT Analysis, Alternative Strategies Ritonga Doorsmeer
Financial Knowledge and Financial Education of College Students

This chapter describes previous research about college students' financial knowledge as well as approaches to teach financial information to this population. It reviews previous research in these two areas and concludes with ideas for future research. This chapter highlights some of the issues found with measurements of students' financial knowledge and recommends that larger samples and oversampling of specific students groups may be the key to overcome some of these issues. This chapter also highlights the lack of consensus on ideal models for financial education and points to this shortcoming as indicative of a need for more research to determine the success and failure of existing financial education programs.
Sustainability and competitive advantage from a developing economy

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of sustainability as measured by the triple bottom line constructs on the competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in Ghana.  To understand the impact of sustainability on competitive advantage, a survey was conducted where managers were asked about their engagement in the sustainability issues and how it affects their competitive advantage. The study uses the structural equation modelling (SEM) and, in particular, the partial least square (PLS) approaches to SEM.  The results of this study indicate that economic and social have a positive impact on the corporate image but not the environment. In addition, corporate image and social have positive impact on corporate performance, whilst economic and environment seem not to have any impact on corporate performance.  The study is limited to only manufacturing firms operating in the Ghanaian environment. It is important, therefore, for firms in Ghana to invest in social sustainability initiatives, as it will ultimately affect their bottom line performance. This study provides policy implications to Ghana and other developing countries to implement the necessary policies and provide incentives to improve environmental awareness.  There have been just a few studies that tried to find out the impact of sustainability constructs and performance and how corporate image mediates this relationship.
Exploring the Impact of ICTs in Education: Controversies and Challenges

Educational innovation is considered as a top priority all over the world, and the potential of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to foster it increasingly is recognized (European Commission, 2015;  2011; OECD, 2010) In formal education settings, however, ICT adoption often is regarded as a highly demanding challenge that usually meets resistance by schools. Although it is largely believed that decades of large investments in ICTs and the increasing digitalization of teaching and learning processes can benefit the education system at different levels, data to support the perceived benefits are limited and evidence of effective impact is elusive or even debatable (Bocconi et al. 2013; UNESCO, 2009) This essay offers a conceptual framework providing multiple angles for the assessment of ICT impact on education. It presents the various aspects to take into account and questions what is to be assessed, the appropriate methodologies to be implemented, and the most suitable indicators. Such issues are discussed in light of an Italian case study showing the complexity of ICT innovations in schooling and dealing with methodological aspects connected to the definition of a set of indicators addressed to explore technology based school innovations.
Automatic Face Recognition of Newborns, Infants, and Toddlers: A Longitudinal Evaluation
Venue: 2016 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)

A number of emerging applications requiring reliable identification of children have called attention to whether biometric traits can be utilized as a solution. While biometric traits based on friction ridge patterns (e.g. fingerprints, footprints) have been evaluated to some extent, to our knowledge, no effort has been made to evaluate the efficacy of automatic face recognition of young children over useful durations of time. Additionally, there are some applications where only the face images of a child are available, such as identification of missing or abducted children and children shown in sexually exploitive media sequestered by law enforcement. In this paper, we introduce the Newborns, Infants, and Toddlers Longitudinal (NITL) face image database, which was collected by the authors during four different sessions over a period of one year (March 2015 to March 2016) at the Saran Ashram Hospital, Dayalbagh, India. The NITL database contains 314 subjects in total in the age range of 0 to 4 years old. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a state of the art commercial off the shelf (COTS) face matcher on the NITL face image database to investigate the feasibility of face recognition of children as they age. Experimental results show that while available face recognition technology is not yet ready to reliably recognize very young children, face recognition enrolled at 3 years of age or older may be feasible.
Dissolved organic carbon fluxes from a New England salt marsh

49  Study site 54 Sunlight irradiation incubations 55 Anoxia incubation 56 Sample analysis 57  Composition 62 Anoxia 64 Species 64 Sunlight 64 Biomass type 65 Microbial contribution 65 Seasonal leaching fluxes 66  Anoxia 68 Species 69 Sunlight 70 Biomass type 71 Microbial contribution 72 Seasonal leaching fluxes 73 Conclusions 80 CHAPTER 4: NEPONSET SALT MARSH SEDIMENT SOURCES OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER 82
Historical insights into British, Japanese and US general science from the first half of the twentieth century

Historically, science at the secondary education level has been taught through separate sciences. However, there has been some conflict between the separate sciences and balanced science. In this research, the triangulation of cultures in historical context approach between the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan was used to analyze the nature and the development of general science as humanized science study in the first half of the twentieth century. Through this examination, historical and fundamental question emerged: what can we learn from the history of general science in the three countries?This case study of general science can prompt us to reconsider why science is taught, which of its forms are best suited to producing citizens well informed about science, and how to humanize science without comprising the academic respectability required by professional communities.
Molecular Characterization of the ORF3 and S1 Genes of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Non S INDEL Strains in Seven Regions of China, 2015
Venue: PloS one

In an effort to trace the evolution of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) S1 and ORF3 genes of viruses identified in 41 pig farms from seven regions (North, Northeast, Northwest, Central, East, South West, and South, respectively) of China in 2015 were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed that the 41 ORF3 genes and 29 S1 genes identified in our study exhibited nucleotide homologies of 98.2% 100% and 96.6% 100% respectively; these two genes exhibited low nucleotide sequence similarities with classical CV777 strain and early Chinese strain LZC. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the identified PEDV strains belonged to global non S INDEL strains, and exhibited genetic diversity; S1 gene of the HLJ2015/DP1 1 strain harbored an unique deletion of 12 nucleotides (A1130CAACTCCACTG1141) while the Chinese PEDV S INDEL reference strains included two types of the "CV777" S INDEL as well as the "US" S INDEL, and all co circulated with Chinese non S INDEL strains. Of 29 identified S1 genes, the SS2 epitope (Y748SNIGVCK755) was highly conserved, while the SS6 epitope (L764QDGQVKI771) and pAPN receptor binding region (aa 490 615) exhibited amino substitutions. Nine possible recombination events were identified between the 29 identifed S1 genes and the 3 S1 reference genes from early Chinese PEDV strains. The complete S genes of selected Chinese PEDV field strains (2011 2015) showed 5.18% 6.07% nucleotide divergence, which is far higher than the divergence observed in early Chinese PEDV strains (3.1% (P<0.05) Our data provide evidence that PEDV non S INDEL strains with genetic diversities and potential recombination circulate in seven regions of China in 2015; Chinese PEDV S INDEL strains exhibit genetic diversity and co circulate with non S INDEL strains.
Elevated fecal levels of eosinophil granule proteins predict collagenous colitis in patients referred to colonoscopy due to chronic non bloody diarrhea
Venue: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology

Colonoscopy with biopsy sampling is often performed to detect collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) in patients with chronic non bloody diarrhea. However, the diagnostic yield is low and incurs high costs. Fecal calprotectin (FC) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) indicate intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) In CC, elevated fecal levels of eosinophil protein X (EPX) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) have been reported. We aimed to evaluate if F EPX, F ECP, FC, and F MPO could predict the diagnostic outcome in patients with chronic non bloody diarrhea referred to colonoscopy. We also evaluated serum (S) EPX and ECP in this regard.  Of 67 included patients, 63 (94% underwent colonoscopy with biopsy sampling. Fecal EPX, F ECP, FC, F MPO, S EPX, and S ECP were analyzed.  Diagnostic outcome: normal: n 46 (73% CC: n 9 (14% LC: n 4 (6% UC: n 2 (3% CD: n 2 (3% Higher levels of F EPX and F ECP were found in CC compared to a normal diagnostic outcome (p 0.01) No change was noted in any of the fecal markers in LC. When all of the fecal markers were normal the probability of a normal diagnostic outcome was 92% We found no differences in S EPX and S ECP between the groups.  Elevated F EPX and F ECP could predict CC. None of the fecal markers predicted LC. Serum EPX and S ECP are not useful for the diagnosis of CC, LC, UC, or CD. With normal levels in all of the analyzed fecal markers, there is a low probability of a pathologic diagnostic outcome.
Comparison of Thermal and Non Thermal Processing of Swine Feed and the Use of Selected Feed Additives on Inactivation of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV)
Venue: PloS one

Infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes diarrhea, vomiting, and high mortality in suckling pigs. Contaminated feed has been suggested as a vehicle of transmission for PEDV. The objective of this study was to compare thermal and electron beam processing, and the inclusion of feed additives on the inactivation of PEDV in feed. Feed samples were spiked with PEDV and then heated to 120 145degC for up to 30 min or irradiated at 0 50 kGy. Another set of feed samples spiked with PEDV and mixed with Ultracid P (Nutriad) Activate DA (Novus International) KEM GEST (Kemin Agrifood) Acid Booster (Agri Nutrition) sugar or salt was incubated at room temperature ~25degC) for up to 21 days. At the end of incubation, the virus titers were determined by inoculation of Vero 81 cells and the virus inactivation kinetics were modeled using the Weibull distribution model. The Weibull kinetic parameter delta represented the time or eBeam dose required to reduce virus concentration by 1 log. For thermal processing, delta values ranged from 16.52 min at 120degC to 1.30 min at 145degC. For eBeam processing, a target dose of 50 kGy reduced PEDV concentration by 3 log. All additives tested were effective in reducing the survival of PEDV when compared with the control sample (delta 17.23 days) Activate DA (0.81) and KEM GEST (3.28) produced the fastest inactivation. In conclusion, heating swine feed at temperatures over 130degC or eBeam processing of feed with a dose over 50 kGy are effective processing steps to reduce PEDV survival. Additionally, the inclusion of selected additives can decrease PEDV survivability.
Induction of functional interferon alpha and gamma responses during acute infection of cattle with non cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus.
Venue: Veterinary microbiology

As a part of their pathogenic mechanism, many pathogens causing persistent infections, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) immunosuppress their hosts, often by limiting the ability to either produce, or respond to, interferon. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent to which an acute infection of cattle with a non cytopathic strain of BVDV induces interferon responses and to establish the functionality of these responses. Functionality of responses was investigated using a bovine specific peptide array to monitor kinase mediated signal transduction activity within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at time points corresponding to the interferon gamma (IFN g) and alpha (IFN a) responsive phases of acute BVDV infection. Further, with an appreciation of diverse mechanisms and levels at which pathogens modulate host cell defences, patterns of expression of IFN g and a responsive genes were also quantified within PBMCs. Infection of cows with ncpBVDV2 1373 induced significant increases in levels of serum IFN g and IFN a. Within the PBMCs of the infected animals, distinct patterns of kinase mediated signal transduction activity, in particular with respect to activation of classic IFN activated signalling pathways, such as Jak Stat, as well as induced expression of IFN g and IFN a regulated genes, support the functionality of the host interferon response.