nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
International Stem Cell Corporation V. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks (C.J.E.U.
Venue: International Legal Materials

On December 18, 2014, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued its judgment in International Stem Cell Corporation v. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks. The Court held that the term "human embryo" does not cover unfertilized human eggs produced by parthenogenesis (parthenotes)
Like a Bad Neighbor, Hackers Are There: The Need for Data Security Legislation and Cyber Insurance in Light of Increasing FTC Enforcement Actions

Privacy has come to the forefront of the technology world as third party hackers are constantly attacking companies for their customers' data. With increasing instances of compromised customer information, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has been bringing suit against companies for inadequate data security procedures. The FTC's newfound authority to bring suit regarding cybersecurity breaches, based on the Third Circuit's decision in FTC v. Wyndham Worldwide Corp. is a result of inaction Congress has been unable to pass sufficient cybersecurity legislation, causing the FTC to step in and fill the void in regulation. In the absence of congressional action, this self proclaimed authority is improper. This Note proposes that Congress enact a law giving the FTC actual authority to regulate data breaches. Thereafter, the FTC should use its rulemaking authority to establish procedural data security guidelines for companies to follow; this Note offers procedural guidelines for the FTC to enforce. It is necessary for companies to know how to protect themselves against FTC enforcement actions. As cyber risk is burgeoning, as self regulation has proven insufficient, and as the FTC is continuously bringing suit against companies for inadequate data security, it is further necessary for companies to obtain stand alone cyber insurance to protect themselves in the modern marketplace.
Wheat Landraces Currently Grown in Turkey: Distribution, Diversity, and Use

From 2009 to 2014 a nationwide effort was made to document, collect, conserve, and characterize wheat landraces grown by Turkish farmers. Spike samples were collected from more than 1600 farmers from 59 provinces, planted as single spike progenies, and classified into species, subspecies, and botanical varieties (or morphotypes) Altogether, 95 morphotypes were identified representing three species and six subspecies: einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L. emmer wheat [T. turgidum subsp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell. cone wheat (T. turgidum subsp. turgidum) durum wheat [T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf. Husn. bread wheat (T. aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) and club wheat [T. aestivum subsp. compactum (Host) Mackey] Compared with a nationwide survey in 1920, these findings represent a loss of 50 to 70% of the diversity found in 1920, though in four provinces, little if any loss occurred. Based on the Shannon diversity index (HC/ and number of morphotypes, the highest diversity for bread wheat was observed in Manisa, Konya, Igdir, Diyarbakir, and Tokat provinces and for durum wheat in Adana, Diyarbakir, and Hatay provinces. Socioeconomic data indicated that landrace farmers are found mostly in remote mountainous subsistence communities with very little grain trade, small areas planted to wheat, and relatively simple production technologies. The key reasons famers continue to grow landraces are their grain qualities and adaptation to abiotic stresses. In situ conservation should be targeted at provinces with the highest morphotype diversity, with the rarest landraces, and with the highest share of farmers growing landraces. A. Morgounov, N. Gummadov, CIMMYT, P.K. 39 Emek 06511 Ankara, Turkey; M. Keser, ICARDA, P.K. 39 Emek 06511 Ankara, Turkey; M. Kan, M Kucukcongar, F. Ozdemir, Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute, Eregli Yolu Uzeri PK:125 Karatay, Konya, Turkey; H. Muminjanov, FAO SEC, Ivedik Cad. No. 55, 06170 Ankara, Turkey; E. Zuev, Vavilov Institute, B. Morskaya 44, S. Petersburg, Russia; C.O. Qualset, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, 95616 Davis, USA.  2016.  2016. Corresponding author (a.morgounov@cgiar.org) Assigned to Associate Editor Toi Tsilo.  FAO, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization; HC/ Shannon diversity index; IWWIP, International Winter Wheat Improvement Program.  (2016) doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.03.0192
Wheat landraces production on farm level in Turkey; who is growing in where?

Turkey is the center of origin and domestication for many crop species (Davis, 1985;  1993; Kaya et al. 1997; Tan, 1998) Diverse geological and climatic conditions of Turkey have given rise to unique plant species represented nowhere else in the world. Over 30% of 8,800 species found in the country are endemic to Turkey (World Bank, 1999) The country is the center of origin and a source of genetic diversity for globally important plants which were first domesticated from wild species and still exist in Turkey. In fact, Turkey's importance in relation to progenitor species, such as wheat, barley, oats, lentil chickpea, apple and pear, used in Mediterranean and temperate agricultural systems is virtually unprecedented (Harlan, 1995; Bennett et al. 1998) WLR are one of the most important genetic resources for Turkey. The archeological findings have shown that Eastern Mediterranean regions surrounding the rivers Tigris and Euphrates were the first places, where wheat was processed. Wheat is one of the oldest plants that has been cultivated by mankind. Archeological excavations showed that ancient people living around Sanliurfa (Karacadag Mountains) a province in the Southeastern part of Turkey, planted Einkorn wheat (Triticum boeoticum) approximately 10.000 12.000 years ago, which is the wild form of today's commercial wheat. Today [Einkorn wheat] is still used for animal feed in some areas (Nesbitt and Samuel, 1996; Zencirci and Birsin, 2004; Tanno and Willcox, 2006; Yavuz, 2010) The contribution of landraces to breeding and genetic research is very important. They are also a cultural heritage and an indication for the wealth for a country. In many studies, landraces were evaluated in terms of social and private values. The social value of landraces has been described by examples of the economic contribution of exotic crops and crop varieties (e.g. Iltis, 1982) and analytically by the contribution of germplasm to breeding programs (Evenson and Gollin, 1994; National Research Council 1993) The private value of landraces is suggested by their persistence in farming systems where alternative varieties exist (Brush 1995) and by studies on the evaluation and selection of local varieties (Bellon, 1996; Zimmerer 1996; Sperling et al. 1993) As the results of these studies,  159 169; 2016 ISSN (Print) 0552 9034, ISSN (Online) 2076 0906
Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane.

Pre labor rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as the spontaneous rupture of amniotic membranes with a release of amniotic fluid after 28 weeks of pregnancy and before the onset of labor.  To analyse the cases of preterm premature rupture of membrane in terms of maternal and perinatal outcome.  This prospective study was conducted over hundred singleton pregnancies with cephalic presentation with gestational age 32 36 weeks with preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) admitted to labour room in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, at Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. Sample size:100.  Perinatal mortality observed in group A 4.87% cases and group B 5.08%  PPROM is significant obstetric problem. It contributes to increased maternal morbidity as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality. Careful antenatal monitoring, detection and prompt treatment of infection is necessary. Strict aseptic precautions, appropriate therapy, and proper antenatal follow up are important factors in prevention and management of PPROM.
Principles of Wound Management and Wound Healing in Exotic Pets.
Venue: The veterinary clinics of North America. Exotic animal practice

The care of wounds in exotic animal species can be a challenging endeavor. Special considerations must be made in regard to the animal's temperament and behavior, unique anatomy and small size, and tendency toward secondary stress related health problems. It is important to assess the entire patient with adequate systemic evaluation and consideration of proper nutrition and husbandry, which could ultimately affect wound healing. This article summarizes the general phases of wound healing, factors that affect healing, and principles of wound management. Emphasis is placed on novel methods of treating wounds and species differences in wound management and healing.
How to Interpret the Coefficients of Spatial Models: Spillovers, Direct and Indirect Effects

This paper briefly reviews how to derive and interpret coefficients of spatial regression models, including topics of direct and indirect (spatial spillover) effects. These topics have been addressed in the spatial econometric literature over the past 5 6 years, but often at a level sometimes difficult for students new to the field. Our goal is to overcome this handicap by carefully presenting the mathematics behind these spatial effects and clearly illustrating how they work using two small fictive datasets and one large dataset with real data. The motivation for the paper is primarily pedagogical. Theoretical and conceptual impediments associated with the application of procedures are discussed.
Old Testament stories and Christian ethics some perspectives from the narrative of Judah and Tamar

The relationship between Old Testament narrative and Christian ethics is challenging. When it comes to finding ethical guideline Old Testament narratives are unresponsive. This is particularly the case with a narrative such as Genesis 38. Biblical scholars have written extensively on how the text can be interpreted. In this article we look at the various ways scholars in Biblical criticism have tried to make sense of the text. We show that narratives can function as a platform for dialogue to mirror the intricacies of life. We do not attempt to resolve the tension between the story and ethics, but rather aim to consider biblical criticism as a tool which stimulates ethical debate.
Effect of Ethnochemistry Practices on Secondary School Students' Attitude Towards Chemistry

The main purpose of the study was to find out the effect of ethnochemistry practices on secondary school students' attitude towards Chemistry. The design of the study was pre test post test control group quasi experimental design. Two grade 11 intact classes were assigned into experimental and control groups randomly. The total sample size comprised 113 students. To assess attitude of the student towards Chemistry, a chemistry attitude questionnaire was used. An independent samples t test at an alpha (a) .05 was conducted to analyze the results of the pre test and post test scores. There was a statistically significant difference in the post test attitude scores for control (M=74.71, SD=13.90) and experimental (M=83.36, S=14.68) groups; t (111) 3.22, p 0.002. Therefore, incorporating ethnochemistry practices in teaching chemistry was found to have a positive effect on enhancing secondary school students' attitude towards Chemistry.  Ethnochemistry, Conventional approach,
Ethnochemistry and Ethnomedicine of Ancient Papua New Guineans and Their Use in Motivating Students in Secondary Schools and Universities in PNG

For more than 50,000 years of Papua New Guinea's human history, Papua New Guineans have been making significant contributions to Science, particularly in the fields of Chemistry and Medicine. However, because of the absence of any written language for over 800 dialects, the information has not been recorded and the contributions of ancient Papua New Guineans have largely gone unnoticed and unrecognized. However, during the past 40 years, some researchers, Holdsworth(1) Woodley (2) Timi(3) Dindi (4) Rai(5) have conducted scientific studies on medicinal plants in PNG which probably would have been used by ancient Papua New Guineans to treat deceases. Identification of the plants were carried out with the help of villagers initially and then with botanists and chemists Papua New Guinea. Chemical characterization was carried out by chemists in Papua New Guinea. Nine years ago, the author was able to introduce a Unit in the Grade 11 and 12 Chemistry Syllabus under the title 'Traditional Chemical Practices' which consists of traditional chemical and medicinal activities. Similar units had been introduced at undergraduate level in the University of PNG 7 years ago. Already there is evidence that the learning of what their ancestors had discovered and used has been an inspiration to students, and can stress the importance of learning modern scientific principles and methods to build on what their forefathers had done. This paper summarizes some of the scientific contributions of ancient Papua New Guineans, and endeavours to show how the studying of them at school and university levels may have influenced students to join chemical and medical streams at universities and encouraging first year undergraduates to take up chemistry in later years. 1. I ntroduction Papua New Guinea is characterized by geological, ethnic and biological diversity. It contains approximately 6% of the world's biodiversity in 1% of the worlds land area. This allowed people of this country to use its flora and other resources to produce what they wanted. Although not widely documented and appreciated, medicine and chemistry have been associated with Papua New Guineans for thousands of years. They also have been using indigenous plants for treatment of diseases for thousands of years. The first medicinal plants recorded in Papua New Guinea were shown to the Russian botanist and explorer Miklouho Maclay who lived on Coast of now Madang Province from 1871 and 1876. Many other traditional plants used as medicines have been since recorded by missionaries, visiting botanists and anthropologists. Several research projects in traditional medicine are currently being conducted at the University of Papua New Guinea, Institute of Medical Research and Wau Ecology Institute of Papua New Guinea.
Airborne laser scan data: a valuable tool with which to infer weather radar partial beam blockage in urban environments

High spatial resolution weather radar observations are of primary relevance for hydrological applications in urban areas. However, when weather radars are located within metropolitan areas, partial beam blockages and clutter by buildings can seriously affect the observations. Standard simulations with simple beam propagation models and digital elevation models (DEMs) are usually not able to evaluate buildings' contribution to partial beam blockages. In recent years airborne laser scanners (ALSs) have evolved to the state of the art technique for topographic data acquisition. Providing small footprint diameters (10 30 cm) ALS data allow accurate reconstruction of buildings and forest canopy heights. Analyzing the three weather C band radars located in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland, the present study investigates the benefits of using ALS data for quantitative estimations of partial beam blockages. The results obtained applying beam standard propagation models are compared with stratiform 24 h rainfall accumulation to evaluate the effects of partial beam blockages due to constructions and trees. To provide a physical interpretation of the results, the detailed analysis of beam occultations is achieved by open spatial data sets and open source geographic information systems.
An Engineering Systems Introduction to Axiomatic Design

Since its first publication in 1978, Axiomatic Design has developed to become one of the more commonly applied engineering design theories in the academic literature and industrial practice. In parallel, model based systems engineering (MBSE) has developed from industrial origins in the aerospace, communications, and defense sectors. As the scope of humanity's engineering efforts grows to include evermore complex engineering systems, the engineering design methodologies that guide these efforts must also develop. These two, now well established but independently developed, engineering design methodologies now appear well poised to support the synthesis, analysis, and resynthesis of large complex engineering systems. As the first chapter in this book on the application of Axiomatic Design to large complex systems, it introduces the fundamentals of Axiomatic Design within the context of engineering systems and as a conceptual foundation for subsequent chapters. It also relates Axiomatic Design's key concepts and terminology to those found in current MBSE techniques including SysML. The chapter concludes with applications in which Axiomatic Design has served to advance the development of engineering systems including quantitative measures of life cycle properties, design of cyber physical systems, and design of hetero functional networks.
Postural Control Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Role of Sensory Integration
Venue: Journal of autism and developmental disorders

We investigated the nature of sensory integration deficits in postural control of young adults with ASD. Postural control was assessed in a fixed environment, and in three environments in which sensory information about body sway from visual, proprioceptive or both channels was inaccurate. Furthermore, two levels of inaccurate information were used within each channel (gain 1 and 1.6) ASD participants showed greater postural sway when information from both channels was inaccurate. In addition, control participants' ellipse area at gain 1.6 was identical to ASD participants' at gain 1, reflecting hyper reactivity in ASD. Our results provide evidence for hyper reactivity in posture related sensory information, which reflects a general, rather than channel specific sensory integration impairment in ASD.
The Association between Life Satisfaction and the Extent of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Iranian Nurses: A Multicenter Survey
Venue: Iranian journal of psychiatry

The determinants of satisfaction of life (SWL) are poorly described among Iranian employed nurses. This study aimed to assess the effect of various factors including age, gender, marital status, depression, anxiety and stress on SWL among Iranian nurses.  Employed nurses in three teaching hospitals were invited to participate in this study. Ninety four nurses (65 women and 29 men) participated in this study. Depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS 21) was used to measure the related variables. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to assess SWL. Multivariate analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between multiple variables.  A noticeable proportion of Iranian employed nurses were either dissatisfied or extremely dissatisfied with life (45% Severe depression was related to lower scores of SWLS (P: 0.001, r 0.32) The similar outcomes were detected between anxiety and stress scales, and SWLS (P: 0.023, r 0.23 and P: 0.008, r 0.27 for anxiety and stress, respectively) Although females were more vulnerable to depression (P: 0.010) and stress (P: 0.013) the overall effect of gender on SWL was insignificant (0.41) Satisfactions with financial power and work environment were associated with higher scores of SWLS (P: 0.030 and 0.042, respectively) Marital status was not related to severity of depression, anxiety, stress and SWLS (P: 0.39, 0.38, 0.80, and 0.61, respectively)  This study revealed that poor satisfaction with financial status and work environment, depression, anxiety and stress are the major determinants of satisfaction with life among Iranian employed nurses.
Strategic Role of Skill Development in Leveraging Employee Engagement for Competitive Advantage in Public Sector Banks A Study on Canara Bank, India

Workforce considered engaged,and in possession of the necessary skills, knowledge and expertise is crucial for any organization that aspires to achieve high levels of business success. Employee Engagement is arguably the most critical metric for organizations in the twenty first century and a key measure that reflects organizational performance. In the current competitive business environment, learning and development has never mattered more as a cause to keep employees engaged and maintain that competitive dominance. The Indian banking industry has been continuously going through a process of transformation since the nineties and has become more competitive than ever. Private and public sector banks are competing to outperform each other and in view of that, banks now have to play a proactive role in equipping their employees, to meet challenges. Organizations that thrive rely on the consistent performance of their people. Skill development therefore is of paramount importance ,as in banks it will strengthen the organization and along with helping to realize objectives, vision and dreams, foster and hone talent, thus helping people to harness its positive effects and better their performance Efficiently undertaken it can show the way to competitive advantage by providing the means to drive, inspire and leverage engagement like never before, compelling employees to visualize the connection between where they are now and where they expect to get to and convince them to see how training is going to bridge this gap. This paper analyzes the skill development practices in Canara Bank in India and explores the proposed link between skill development and employee engagement.
The More, the Merrier: Why and How Employee Driven Eco Innovation Enhances Environmental and Competitive Advantage

Innovative solutions are often conjured as a key factor for companies to come closer to the goal of ecological sustainability. Furthermore, proactive eco innovation activities can encompass competitive advantages. Companies are therefore well advised to tap any available source of innovation. However, although employees' innovative capacity has often been described, to date, their manifold potentials for eco innovation processes have hardly been examined in detail. The overarching research questions guiding this conceptual paper are why and how employee participation in eco innovation processes can entail environmental and competitive advantages for companies. The authors introduce the concept of employee driven eco innovation (EDEI) defined here as ordinary employees' voluntary engagement in innovation activities within an organizational context that, intentionally or not, lead to environmental improvements. This paper complements previous literature on employee driven innovation (EDI) by applying it to the specific case of eco innovation. In this context, employees' comprehensive environmental competences resulting from "tacit knowledge" "private consumer experience" and "green identity" are taken into account. In addition, we delineate critical intra organizational factors for EDEI activities and illustrate green employees' specific requirements in this regard.