nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Analysis of Emerging Smart Home Applications
Venue: 2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP)

Recently, several competing smart home programming frameworks that support third party app development have emerged. These frameworks provide tangible benefits to users, but can also expose users to significant security risks. This paper presents the first in depth empirical security analysis of one such emerging smart home programming platform. We analyzed Samsung owned SmartThings, which has the largest number of apps among currently available smart home platforms, and supports a broad range of devices including motion sensors, fire alarms, and door locks. SmartThings hosts the application runtime on a proprietary, closed source cloud backend, making scrutiny challenging. We overcame the challenge with a static source code analysis of 499 SmartThings apps (called SmartApps) and 132 device handlers, and carefully crafted test cases that revealed many undocumented features of the platform. Our key findings are twofold. First, although SmartThings implements a privilege separation model, we discovered two intrinsic design flaws that lead to significant overprivilege in SmartApps. Our analysis reveals that over 55% of SmartApps in the store are overprivileged due to the capabilities being too coarse grained. Moreover, once installed, a SmartApp is granted full access to a device even if it specifies needing only limited access to the device. Second, the SmartThings event subsystem, which devices use to communicate asynchronously with SmartApps via events, does not sufficiently protect events that carry sensitive information such as lock codes. We exploited framework design flaws to construct four proof of concept attacks that: (1) secretly planted door lock codes, (2) stole existing door lock codes, (3) disabled vacation mode of the home, and (4) induced a fake fire alarm. We conclude the paper with security lessons for the design of emerging smart home programming frameworks.
How do collaboration and investments in knowledge management affect process innovation in services?
Venue: J. Knowl. Manag.

Despite the keen interest in radical and incremental innovation, few studies have tested the varying impact of firm level factors in service sectors. This paper analyses how collaboration with existing and prospective users, and investments in knowledge management (KM) practices can be adapted to maximise the outputs of radical and incremental process innovation in a Knowledge Intensive Business Service (KIBS) industry.  Original survey data from 166 Information Technology Service (ITS) firms and interviews with 13 executives provide the empirical evidence. PLS SEM is used to analyse the data.  Collaboration with different types of users, and investments in KM practices affect radical versus incremental process innovation differently. Collaboration with existing users influences incremental process innovation directly, but not radical innovation; and prospective user collaboration matters for radical, but not incremental innovation. Furthermore, for radical innovation, investments in KM practices mediate the impact of prospective user collaboration on innovation.  While collaboration with existing users for incremental process innovations does not appear to generate significant managerial challenges, to pursue radical innovations firms must engage in intensive collaboration with prospective users. Higher involvement with prospective users requires higher investment in KM practices to promote efficient intra and inter firm knowledge flows.  This study is based on a large scale survey, together with management interviews. Radical and incremental innovations require engagements with different kinds of users in the service industry, and knowledge management tools.
The effects of the interactive use of management control systems on process and organizational innovation

This study examines how the interactive use of management control systems (iMCS) affects process and organizational innovation. Firstly, it is postulated that iMCS directly influences the development of process and organizational innovations. Secondly, we argue in favor of a moderating role of iMCS in the relationship between innovation and financial performance. Most studies of MCS and innovation have focused on new product development. However, process and organizational innovations follow innovation patterns that clearly differ from product innovation. The research model is empirically examined using data collected from a survey of 230 firms. Results from a structural model tested applying Partial Least Squares regression, controlling for size, family ownership, R&D, and product innovation, reveal that iMCS fosters process and organizational innovation. Results also suggest that iMCS could play a moderator role in the relationship between process innovation and financial performance. These findings highlight the role of iMCS in process and organizational innovation, expanding previous literature on Simons' Levers of Control and innovation. The results are also discussed with regard to their managerial implications.
Innovations within knowledge management

The research aims at studying the scope of innovative knowledge management. It uses the concept of eight processes of knowledge management and identifies three broad categories of knowledge management innovations in an organizational context. It tries to verify outcomes of these innovative efforts. The research considers four aspects of organizational effectiveness: enterprise competitiveness, revenues, buyers' satisfaction, and business partners' satisfaction. The analysis covers small, medium, and large companies in Poland. The main conclusion is that studied enterprises are little innovative in the area of knowledge management.
A Shared Approach to Estimating Living Wages

Despite the recognized need for a decent and living wage, lack of a generally accepted definition or methodology for measuring living wage has often been used to justify ignoring living wage in practice. A recent ILO review indicates that this is no longer an appropriate reason to avoid addressing living wage. There is in fact a clear consensus in the world about what a living wage is (R. Anker, Estimating a Living Wage: A Methodological Review, ILO 2011) Moreover, a new methodology for measuring living wage has been developed and is being supported by six sustainability standard systems. This methodology has been used to date to estimate living wages in nine countries for a multi national corporation and in two countries for Fairtrade and Social Accountability International. Fairtrade International, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) GoodWeave, Sustainable Agriculture Network/Rainforest Alliance (SAN/RA) Social Accountability International (SAI) and UTZ Certified are joining hands (see Box 1) and working with us to further refine and test this methodology for using in estimate living wage levels for the areas in which they work. This note briefly describes the methodology. A Shared Approach to Living Wage
2014 Annual Indices for Expatriates and Ordinary Residents on Cost of Living, Wages and Purchasing Power for World's Major Cities

There has been broad base growth in wealth for cities all over the world, albeit increasingly unequal within and across cities. Some cities tend to grow faster than others, especially those emerging cities in Asia. We tend to observe longer periods of economic expansions compared to downturns with increasing volatility due to external shocks as cities are also increasingly open and interconnected. Such volatility would mean a less stable macroeconomic environment for cities causing fluctuations in prices and unemployment, as well as shares between private and public consumption. Cost of living, wages and purchasing power therefore become important key benchmark indicators to track and monitor the basic living standard for cities, not just by employers and employees; they matter even more for policymakers, multinational corporations and government of the day, politically. This book is thus a valuable compendium studies on 109 major cities around the world whereby the cost of living, wage and purchasing power indices were tracked and monitored, for both average residents and expatriates, which tend to be vastly different. Annual Indices for Average Residents and Expatriates is currently the only publication that provides comparable data on cost of living across cities for both average residents and expatriates. Cost of living analysis on the latter, widely available in published works, is often mistaken or confused as on the former! This book provides a tool to analyse questions of the differences in the cost of living in cities across the globe between ordinary city dwellers and professionals who work abroad.
Conservation Genetics of an Urban Desert Fish, the Arroyo Chub

AbstractUrbanization, habitat degradation, fragmentation, and invasive species have led to the severe decline or extirpation of many endemic southern California freshwater fish species, including the Arroyo Chub Gila orcuttii, which has declined precipitously in recent years. Classified by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife as a species of high concern, the Arroyo Chub is native to the Los Angeles, San Gabriel, San Luis Rey, Santa Ana, and Santa Margarita rivers and Malibu and San Juan creeks. To examine Arroyo Chub population structure and genetic diversity within the species' native range, we used 10 microsatellite markers to genotype 259 individuals. We observed moderate to high genetic diversity and population differentiation both between and within drainages; Bayesian clustering supported eight distinct clusters of Arroyo Chub corresponding to eight isolated populations. Of these populations, the Big Tujunga Creek population (Los Angeles River) was the least genetically differentiated (ge.
Population genetics of a widely distributed small freshwater fish with varying conservation concerns: the southern purple spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa
Venue: Conservation Genetics

Genetic variation plays a pivotal role in species viability and the maintenance of population genetic variation is a main focus of conservation biology. Threatened species often show reduced genetic variation compared to non threatened species, and this is considered indicative of lowered evolutionary potential, compromised reproductive fitness, and elevated extinction risk. The southern purple spotted gudgeon, Mogurnda adspersa, is a small freshwater fish with poor dispersal potential that was once common throughout the Murray Darling Basin (MDB) and along the central east coast of Australia. Its numbers and distribution have shrunk dramatically in the MDB due to flow alteration, degradation of habitat, decreasing water quality, and introduction of alien species. We used microsatellite DNA markers to assess population structure and genetic variation at both large (i.e. across basin) and fine (i.e. within river catchments) spatial scales using a substantial sampling effort across the species range (n 579 individuals; 35 localities) The results consistently indicated very low levels of genetic variation throughout, including along the east coast where the species is relatively common. At the broader scale, three highly differentiated groups of populations were found, concordant with previously reported genealogical distinctiveness. Hence we propose each group as a distinct Evolutionarily Significant Unit. We also inferred a minimum of 12 management units in M. adspersa, with no appreciable gene flow between them. Our study discloses findings relevant for both long and short term management, as it informs on the geographic context in which conservation priorities should be defined and specifies biological units for population monitoring and translocations.
dCompaction: Delayed Compaction for the LSM Tree
Venue: International Journal of Parallel Programming

(KV) stores have become a backbone of large scale applications in today's data centers. Write optimized data structures like the Log Structured Merge tree (LSM tree) and their variants are widely used in KV storage systems like BigTable and RocksDB. Conventional LSM tree organizes KV items into multiple, successively larger components, and uses compaction to push KV items from one smaller component to another adjacent larger component until the KV items reach the largest component. Unfortunately, current compaction scheme incurs significant write amplification due to repeated KV item reads and writes, and then results in poor throughput. We propose a new compaction scheme, delayed compaction (dCompaction) that decreases write amplification. dCompaction postpones some compactions and gather them into the following compaction. In this way, it avoids KV item reads and writes during compaction, and consequently improves the throughput of LSM tree based KV stores. We implement dCompaction on RocksDB, and conduct extensive experiments. Validation using YCSB framework shows that compared with RocksDB dCompaction has about 30% write performance improvements and also comparable read performance.
Effect of Shrimp Meal Made of Heads of Black Tiger (Penaeus monodon) and White Leg (Litopenaeus vannamei) Shrimps on Growth Performance in Broilers
Venue: The journal of poultry science

The present study was conducted to measure the growth performance in growing broilers given shrimp meal (SM) made of heads of black tiger (Penaeus monodon) (BT) and white leg (Litopenaeus vannamei) (WL) shrimps. Forty two male broiler chicks (8 days old, Ross 308) were randomly divided into 7 dietary groups (control, 5% BT, 10% BT, 15% BT, 5% WL, 10% WL and 15% WL) having similar body weight (6 birds per diet) Metabolisable energy and CP were adjusted to about 3,180 kcal/kg and about 235 g/kg, respectively, and other nutrients were formulated to meet or slightly exceed the requirements. Diet and water were provided ad libitum during the experimental period (8 to 21 days old) The results revealed that body weight gain decreased in BT groups with increasing level of SM (P<0.05) and feed intake decreased slightly with increasing level of SM in diets. As the result, feed conversion ratio also deteriorated with increasing level of SM. Similar trend was observed in WL groups, but the adverse effects of SM were milder comparing with BT groups. Nitrogen retention in both BT and WL groups tended to decrease with increasing level of SM. Chitin digestibilities in WL groups were greater than the corresponding values in BT groups. In conclusion, it is suggested that WL heads can be more nutritious SM for broiler diets than BT heads.
What drives carbon dioxide emissions in the long run? Evidence from selected South Asian Countries

This study empirically investigates the relationship between CO2 emission and four of its potentially contributing factors (i.e. energy consumption, income, trade openness and population) using time series data from 1971 to 2013 on five selected economies of South Asia. After confirming that all the series are stationary using unit root test process, the study incorporates three different and advance panel cointegration tests i.e. Pedroni Kao and Johansen Fisher panel cointegration. All the panel cointegration tests confirm that all the variables cointegrated. The long run association between the variables is checked using FMOLS grouped and individual cross section country in the panel. The FMOLS grouped results show that energy consumption, trade openness and population increases environmental degradation in the panel countries with exception of income which has negative impact and sounds the existence of Environmental Kuznet curve between income and emission. The innovative accounting approach using variance decomposition test and impulse response function is applied to examine the causality amongst the underlined vectors. The results show that there is bidirectional causality between energy consumption and trade openness and uni directional causality running from energy consumption, trade openness and population to CO2 emission. The results enumerate that the energy consumption and population density will increase in long run and foresee further environmental degradation in the region.
Writing Islam from a South Asian Muslim perspective: Rushdie, Hamid, Aslam, Shamsie

can be adapted to describe the keenest concerns of the present, New Slaveries represents a valuable addition to the drive to rehabilitate the literary element in postcolonial literary studies. This is perhaps most evident in the book's two signal readings: of Nick Broomfield's film Ghosts, and Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go. In the former, which fictionalizes an account of the deaths of the Chinese cockle pickers in Morecambe Bay (which Deandrea calls 'an event of key significance for this book' (3) the in built mutability of the gothic is combined with a quotidian realism to highlight the material (and therefore quantifiable) rather than supernatural (and unquantifiable) experiences and origins of the contemporary 'horror' of modern day slavery. It is Deandrea's extended reading of Ishiguro's dystopian novel, however, that most completely realizes the potential of the concentrationary archipelago as a critical framework. As Deandrea observes, dystopian narratives work where their alternative futures converge with the incipient or unacknowledged operations of power in the present. It is perhaps for this reason that Never Let Me Go most effectively demonstrates the coming together of the ghost and the camp. Released from the pressure to trace the imbrication of the textual and the material, Deandrea can respond to Ishiguro's calm, lucid nightmare as an account of how 'the ghostliness and imprisonment characteristic of new slaveries can deviously seep outside its expected boundaries' (157) and how 'the menace of new slaveries extends well beyond new slaves themselves' (171) Although this is a portrait of British new slaveries, a greater focus on other localities in the global machine of new slavery would have been welcome, if only to show what exposes people to new forms of enslavement to begin with. Nonetheless, overall, the central vision of the ghostly concentrationary archipelago in its contemporary form, 'atomized, vaporized into a myriad of ever changing, every shifting places' (16) succeeds. New Slaveries concludes by highlighting the continuities and discontinuities between its approach and those of postcolonial and Black British criticism. Neither, Deandrea rightly points out, is adequate to describe the project here. Indeed,New Slaveries should be prized for the way it draws into focus subjects such as the situation of Chinese undocumented labourers, and trafficked sex workers from Eastern Europe not typically addressed by Anglophone postcolonial writing. Deandrea's cogently argued, humane book is a valuable addition to a growing body of work (including Emma Cox's Performing Noncitizenship and Agnes Woolley's Contemporary Asylum Narratives) which seeks to extend the conventional remit of postcolonial studies.
What drives cold related excess mortality in a south Asian tropical monsoon climate season vs. temperatures and diurnal temperature changes
Venue: International Journal of Biometeorology

Despite the tropical climate which is characterized by generally high temperatures and persistent mild temperatures during the winter season, Bangladesh, along with many other tropical countries, experiences strong winter and cold related excess mortality. The objective of this paper was to analyse the nature of these cold effects and understand the role of season vs. temperature and diurnal changes in temperature. For approaching these questions, we applied different Poisson regression models. Temperature as well as diurnal temperature range (DTR) were considered as predictor variables. Different approaches to seasonality adjustment were evaluated and special consideration was given to seasonal differences in atmospheric effects. Our findings show that while seasonality adjustment affected the magnitude of cold effects, cold related mortality persisted regardless the adjustment approach. Strongest effects of low temperatures were observed at the same day (lag 1) with an increase of 1.7% (95% CI 0.86 2.54% per 1 degC decrease in temperature during the winter season. Diurnal temperature affected mortality with increasing levels at higher ranges. Mortality increased with 0.97% (95% CI 0.17 1.75% when looking at the entire season, but effects of DTR were not significant during winter when running a seasonal model. Different from effects observed in the mid latitudes, cold effects in Bangladesh occurred on a very short time scale highlighting the role of temperature versus season. Insufficient adaptation with regard to housing and clothing might lead to such cold related increases in mortality despite rather moderate temperature values. Although the study did not demonstrate an effect of DTR during the cold season, the strong correlation with (minimum) temperature might cause a multicollinearity problem and effects are difficult to attribute to one driver.
Management Information System

In this paper, combining the comprehensive level, business functional areas and industry characteristics, we classify the Management Information System in the field of integrated. Firstly, in the introduction, we will discuss the history of the developing concept, Management Information System. And then, under this integrated of classification method, the Management Information System can be divided into Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Supply Chain Management (SCM) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Knowledge and Collaborative Management System (KCMS) Product Life Cycle Management System (PLCM) Enterprise Asset Management Information System (EA MIS) Accounting Management Information System (AMIS) Human Resource Management Information System (HR MIS) Project Management Information System (PMIS) Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) This paper will analyze these types so that it can give you a clear understanding of MIS.
Information Systems Success Measurement
Venue: Found. Trends Inf. Syst.

Researchers and practitioners alike face a daunting challenge when evaluating the "success" of information systems. The purpose of this monograph is to deepen, researchers and practitioners, understanding of the complex nature of IS success measurement driven by the constantly changing role and use of information technology. This monograph covers the history of IS success measurement as well as recent trends and future expectations for IS success measurement. The monograph also identifies the critical success factors that drive information system success and provides measurement and evaluation guidance for practitioners. This comprehensive study of IS success measurement is designed to improve measurement practice among researchers and managers.
Enterprise information systems state of the art: Past, present and future trends
Venue: Comput. Ind.

Brief history of Enterprise Information Systems (EISs).EISs discussion in the context of EIS design and engineering.Impact of Enterprise Modelling, Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise Integration and Interoperability and Enterprise Networking on EISs.Special Issue introductory paper on "Future Perspectives on Next Generation Enterprise Information Systems" This state of the art paper is intended to set the scene for a special issue of the Computers in Industry Journal on "Future Perspectives on Next Generation Enterprise Information Systems" It gives a brief history of Enterprise Information Systems (EISs) and discusses various aspects of EISs, including EIS design and engineering, the impact of enterprise modelling, enterprise architecture, enterprise integration and interoperability and enterprise networking on EISs before concluding.