nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile assisted language learning and language learner autonomy

In the modern age of exponential knowledge growth and accelerating technological development, the need to engage in lifelong learning is becoming increasingly urgent. Successful lifelong learning, in turn, requires learner autonomy, or "the capacity to take control of one's own learning" (Benson, 2011, p. 58) including all relevant decisions about what, when, where, and how to learn. Mobile technologies, as not only potential means for learning anywhere and anytime but also conduits to rich, multimodal content, provide unprecedented opportunities for the development of learner autonomy. However, even when learners possess adequate training in mobile technology use and autonomy itself, implementation of mobile learning devices in the classroom often seems to engender little additional autonomous behavior. This paper highlights the differing constraints on learner autonomy in formal and informal learning environments. It then proposes an approach to encouraging greater demonstration of autonomy through an explicit linking of institutional requirements associated with routine lesson assignments and the achievement of personally meaningful, individually determined learning goals. Finally, it suggests the role that mobile technology can and properly ought to play in capacitating consistently high levels of demonstrated autonomy both inside and outside the classroom.
Journeys to the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao: Towards a revised Bilbao Effect

Many of the world's post industrial cities have sought to emulate the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao's (GMB) transformation of Bilbao into a city of culture. Yet the Bilbao Effect is a paradox: why is it that despite much replication of its defining features there is still only one Bilbao Effect? This paper steps back from the quick fix policy narrative of the Bilbao Effect to reflect critically on the complex coordinates of the GMB's success as a singular tourism magnet; notably how Bilbao and the Basque Country region played a far bigger role in it than is commonly perceived. It identifies a variety of significant and commensurate cultural tourism developments already in place before the GMB was built, not least the Camino de Santiago de Compostela and San Sebastian, that both augmented and enriched tourism to Bilbao subsequently. It argues that these must now be recognised as a key part of the Bilbao Effect and are of an order and quality not easily transferred to other cities.
Developing and Evaluating Composites Based on Plantation Eucalyptus Rotary cut Veneer and High density Polyethylene Film as Novel Building Materials

To achieve value added utilizations of plantation timbers, eucalyptus veneer/high density polyethylene film composites were prepared, with process factors (PF) (hot pressing temperature, HT; hot pressing duration, HD; hot pressing pressure, HP; HDPE film content, HC) and composite properties (CP) (water resistant bonding strength, BS; modulus of rupture, MOR; modulus of elasticity, MOE) investigated. According to thermal analyses, 140 to 180 degC was appropriate for HT. Based on statistical analyses, HD was easier to affect CP, while MOE was easier to be affected by PF. Quantitative relationships between PF and CP were determined by the neural network (ANN) modeling. In ANN simulation surveys, CP displayed Gaussian distributions (R2 0.9) when PF changed in current ranges, with positive correlations between BS and MOR (R2 0.5) Combining ANN and the genetic algorithm, optimal processes (HT, 160 degC; HD, 50 s/mm; HP, 1.3 MPa; HC, 6 layers) were found, and optimal results (BS, 1.30 MPa; MOR, 86.94 MPa; MOE, 8.33 GPa) were comparable to various reported poplar plywoods. Microscopic images demonstrated that composite interfaces were formed by the mechanical interlocking. The optimal BS attained Chinese standards for water resistant plywoods, so proposed composites can serve as water resistant and formaldehyde free building materials for furniture and interior design.
Improving cold storage and processing traits in potato through targeted gene knockout.
Venue: Plant biotechnology journal

Cold storage of potato tubers is commonly used to reduce sprouting and extend postharvest shelf life. However, cold temperature stimulates the accumulation of reducing sugars in potato tubers. Upon high temperature processing, these reducing sugars react with free amino acids, resulting in brown, bitter tasting products and elevated levels of acrylamide a potential carcinogen. To minimize the accumulation of reducing sugars, RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to silence the vacuolar invertase gene (VInv) which encodes a protein that breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose. Because RNAi often results in incomplete gene silencing and requires the plant to be transgenic, here we used transcription activator like effector nucleases (TALENs) to knockout VInv within the commercial potato variety, Ranger Russet. We isolated 18 plants containing mutations in at least one VInv allele, and five of these plants had mutations in all VInv alleles. Tubers from full VInv knockout plants had undetectable levels of reducing sugars, and processed chips contained reduced levels of acrylamide and were lightly coloured. Furthermore, seven of the 18 modified plant lines appeared to contain no TALEN DNA insertions in the potato genome. These results provide a framework for using TALENs to quickly improve traits in commercially relevant autotetraploid potato lines.
Accelerated cloning of a potato late blight resistance gene using RenSeq and SMRT sequencing
Venue: Nature Biotechnology

Global yields of potato and tomato crops have fallen owing to potato late blight disease, which is caused by Phytophthora infestans. Although most commercial potato varieties are susceptible to blight, many wild potato relatives show variation for resistance and are therefore a potential source of Resistance to P. infestans (Rpi) genes. Resistance breeding has exploited Rpi genes from closely related tuber bearing potato relatives, but is laborious and slow. Here we report that the wild, diploid non tuber bearing Solanum americanum harbors multiple Rpi genes. We combine resistance (R) gene sequence capture (RenSeq) with single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing (SMRT RenSeq) to clone Rpi amr3i. This technology should enable de novo assembly of complete nucleotide binding, leucine rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes, their regulatory elements and complex multi NLR loci from uncharacterized germplasm. SMRT RenSeq can be applied to rapidly clone multiple R genes for engineering pathogen resistant crops.
Phenolic Compounds in the Potato and Its Byproducts: An Overview
Venue: International journal of molecular sciences

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L. is a tuber that is largely used for food and is a source of different bioactive compounds such as starch, dietary fiber, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are synthetized by the potato plant as a protection response from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. Several works showed that these potato compounds exhibited health promoting effects in humans. However, the use of the potato in the food industry submits this vegetable to different processes that can alter the phenolic content. Moreover, many of these compounds with high bioactivity are located in the potato's skin, and so are eliminated as waste. In this review the most recent articles dealing with phenolic compounds in the potato and potato byproducts, along with the effects of harvesting, post harvest, and technological processes, have been reviewed. Briefly, the phenolic composition, main extraction, and determination methods have been described. In addition, the "alternative" food uses and healthy properties of potato phenolic compounds have been addressed.
Potato Production, Usage, and Nutrition A Review
Venue: Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

Potato is an economically important staple crop prevailing all across the world with successful large scale production, consumption, and affordability with easy availability in the open market. Potatoes provide basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, dietary fiber (skin) several vitamins, and minerals (e.g. potassium, magnesium, iron) On occasion exposures to raw and cooked potatoes impart allergic reactions. Dietary intake of potatoes, especially colored potatoes, play an important role in the production of antioxidant defense system by providing essential nutrient antioxidants, such as vitamins, b carotene, polyphenols, and minerals. This may help lower the incidence of wide range of chronic and acute disease processes (like hypertension, heart diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative, and other diseases) However, retention of nutrients in potatoes is affected by various cooking and processing methods. Cooking at elevated temperature also produces acrylamide a suspected carcinogen. Independent and/or collaborative studies have been conducted and reported on the various pathways leading to the formation of acrylamide in heat processed foods. This article reviews the latest research on potato production, consumption, nature of phytochemicals and their health benefits, and allergic reactions to children. Also included is the discovery of acrylamide in processed starch rich foods including potatoes, mechanism of formation, detection methodologies, and mitigation steps to reduce acrylamide content in food.
Chemical constituents and health effects of sweet potato.
Venue: Food research international

Sweet potatoes are becoming a research focus in recent years due to their unique nutritional and functional properties. Bioactive carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, carotenoids, anthocyanins, conjugated phenolic acids, and minerals represent versatile nutrients in different parts (tubers, leaves, stems, and stalks) of sweet potato. The unique composition of sweet potato contributes to their various health benefits, such as antioxidative, hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antiaging effects. Factors affecting the nutritional composition and bio functions of sweet potato include the varieties, plant parts, extraction time and solvents, postharvest storage, and processing. The assays for bio function evaluation also contribute to the variations among different studies. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the chemical composition of sweet potato, and their bio functions studied in vitro and in vivo. Leaves, stems, and stalks of sweet potato remain much underutilized on commercial levels. Sweet potato can be further developed as a sustainable crop for diverse nutritionally enhanced and value added food products to promote human health.
Health benefits of the potato affected by domestic cooking: A review.
Venue: Food chemistry

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is an important food crop worldwide and a good source of vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber as well as phytochemicals, which benefits human body as nutrients supplementary and antioxidants. However, cooked potato is also considered as a high glycemic index food because of its high content of rapidly digestible starch, long term consumption of which will increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Domestic cooking (boiling, frying, steaming, etc. are usually adopted before potato consumption. The chemical, physical and enzyme modifications that occur during cooking will alter the potato's antioxidant capacity and digestibility, which subsequently affected on the bioavailability of phytochemicals and the postprandial glycemic response of the human body. We reviewed the recent publications on the effects of domestic cooking on the nutrition, phytochemicals and the glycemic index changes of the cooked potato. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying these changes were discussed, and additional implications and future research goals were suggested.
Learned Unsustainability: Bandura's Bobo Doll Revisited

Developmental social psychologist Albert Bandura's 1961 Bobo doll experiments provide interesting insights for the field of education for sustainable development (ESD) today. This article discusses some of the implications Bandura's model of learned aggression has for modelling learned unsustainability. These lessons are not limited to educational applications. The Bobo doll is, in some important respects, like a supply demand model, for example. Comparing the Bobo doll with contemporary dominant knowledge systems and other Bobo doll like artefacts produces interesting insights and lessons for educational and economics research design. New approaches for tackling contemporary unsustainability are suggested.
Multi automated vehicle coordination using decoupled prioritized path planning for multi lane one and bi directional traffic flow control
Venue: 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Within the context of autonomous driving, this paper presents a method for the coordination of multiple automated vehicles using priority schemes for decoupled motion planning for multi lane one and bi directional traffic flow control. The focus is on tube like roads and non zero velocities (no complete standstill maneuvers) We assume inter vehicular communication (car 2 car) and a centralized or decentralized coordination service. We distinguish between different driving modes including adaptive cruise control (ACC) and obstacle avoidance (OA) for the handling of dynamic driving situations. We further assume that any controllable vehicle is equipped with proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors for environment perception within a particular range field. In case of failure of the inter vehicle communication system, the controllable vehicles can act as autonomous vehicles. The motivation is the control of a) one directional multi lane roads available for automated as well as unautomated objects with potentially, but not necessarily, varying reference speeds, and b) bi directional traffic flow control making use of all available lanes, allowing, in general, object and direction wise variable reference speeds. For the one directional case, we discuss a suitable deterministic priority scheme for throughput maximization and quickly reaching of a platooning state. For the bi directional scenario, we derive a binary integer linear program (BILP) for the assignment of lanes to one of the two road traversal directions that can be solved optimally via linear programming (LP) The approach is evaluated on three numerical simulation scenarios.
Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3 D Classification and Segmentation

Point cloud is an important type of geometric data structure. Due to its irregular format, most researchers transform such data to regular 3D voxel grids or collections of images. This, however, renders data unnecessarily voluminous and causes issues. In this paper, we design a novel type of neural network that directly consumes point clouds and well respects the permutation invariance of points in the input. Our network, named PointNet, provides a unified architecture for applications ranging from object classification, part segmentation, to scene semantic parsing. Though simple, PointNet is highly efficient and effective. Empirically, it shows strong performance on par or even better than state of the art. We also provide analysis towards understanding of what the network has learnt and why the network is robust with respect to input perturbation and corruption.
Teacher Stress: What It Is, Why It's Important, How It Can be Alleviated

Teacher stress can be conceptualized as an imbalance between risk and protective factors. Stress emanates from risk factors at the personal, interpersonal, and organizational levels. When risk factors exceed protective factors, teacher ability to cope with adversity is inhibited, likely resulting in stress and pernicious consequences. In this paper we draw on empirical evidence as well as our own professional efforts at reducing stress among novice teachers to explain the phenomenon and recommend interventions.
Organizational Conspiracy Beliefs: Implications for Leadership Styles and Employee Outcomes
Venue: Journal of business and psychology

Belief in conspiracy theories about societal events is widespread among citizens. The extent to which conspiracy beliefs about managers and supervisors matter in the micro level setting of organizations has not yet been examined, however. We investigated if leadership styles predict conspiracy beliefs among employees in the context of organizations. Furthermore, we examined if such organizational conspiracy beliefs have implications for organizational commitment and turnover intentions.  We conducted a survey among a random sample of the US working population (N 193) Findings Despotic, laissez faire, and participative leadership styles predicted organizational conspiracy beliefs, and the relations of despotic and laissez faire leadership with conspiracy beliefs were mediated by feelings of job insecurity. Furthermore, organizational conspiracy beliefs predicted, via decreased organizational commitment, increased turnover intentions.  Organizational conspiracy beliefs matter for how employees perceive their leaders, how they feel about their organization, and whether or not they plan to quit their jobs. A practical implication, therefore, is that it would be a mistake for managers to dismiss organizational conspiracy beliefs as innocent rumors that are harmless to the organization.  Three novel conclusions emerge from this study. First, organizational conspiracy beliefs occur frequently among employees. Second, participative leadership predicts decreased organizational conspiracy beliefs; despotic and laissez faire leadership predict increased organizational conspiracy beliefs due to the contribution of these destructive leadership styles to an insecure work environment. Third, organizational conspiracy beliefs harm organizations by influencing employee commitment and, indirectly, turnover intentions.
Organizational Conspiracy Beliefs: Implications for Leadership Styles and Employee Outcomes

PurposeBelief in conspiracy theories about societal events is widespread among citizens. The extent to which conspiracy beliefs about managers and supervisors matter in the micro level setting of organizations has not yet been examined, however. We investigated if leadership styles predict conspiracy beliefs among employees in the context of organizations. Furthermore, we examined if such organizational conspiracy beliefs have implications for organizational commitment and turnover intentions.ApproachWe conducted a survey among a random sample of the US working population (N 193).FindingsDespotic, laissez faire, and participative leadership styles predicted organizational conspiracy beliefs, and the relations of despotic and laissez faire leadership with conspiracy beliefs were mediated by feelings of job insecurity. Furthermore, organizational conspiracy beliefs predicted, via decreased organizational commitment, increased turnover intentions.ImplicationsOrganizational conspiracy beliefs matter for how employees perceive their leaders, how they feel about their organization, and whether or not they plan to quit their jobs. A practical implication, therefore, is that it would be a mistake for managers to dismiss organizational conspiracy beliefs as innocent rumors that are harmless to the organization.ValueThree novel conclusions emerge from this study. First, organizational conspiracy beliefs occur frequently among employees. Second, participative leadership predicts decreased organizational conspiracy beliefs; despotic and laissez faire leadership predict increased organizational conspiracy beliefs due to the contribution of these destructive leadership styles to an insecure work environment. Third, organizational conspiracy beliefs harm organizations by influencing employee commitment and, indirectly, turnover intentions.
Why Are Obstetric Units in Rural Hospitals Closing Their Doors?
Venue: Health services research

To understand hospital and county level factors for rural obstetric unit closures, using mixed methods.  Hospital discharge data from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Statewide Inpatient Databases, American Hospital Association Annual Survey, and Area Resource File for 2010, as well as 2013 2014 telephone interviews of all 306 rural hospitals in nine states with at least 10 births in 2010. Via interview, we ascertained obstetric unit status, reasons for closures, and postclosure community capacity for prenatal care.  Multivariate logistic regression and qualitative analysis were used to identify factors associated with unit closures between 2010 and 2014.  Exactly 7.2 percent of rural hospitals in the study closed their obstetric units. These units were smaller in size, more likely to be privately owned, and located in communities with lower family income, fewer obstetricians, and fewer family physicians. Prenatal care was still available in 17 of 19 communities, but local women would need to travel an average of 29 additional miles to access intrapartum care.  Rural obstetric unit closures are more common in smaller hospitals and communities with a limited obstetric workforce. Concerns about continuity of rural maternity care arise for women with local prenatal care but distant intrapartum care.
A Note on Performance Profiles for Benchmarking Software
Venue: ACM Trans. Math. Softw.

In recent years, performance profiles have become a popular and widely used tool for benchmarking and evaluating the performance of several solvers when run on a large test set. Here we use data from a real application as well as a simple artificial example to illustrate that caution should be exercised when trying to interpret performance profiles to assess the relative performance of the solvers.
Perprof py: A Python Package for Performance Profile of Mathematical Optimization Software

A very important area of research in the field of Mathematical Optimization is the benchmarking of optimization packages to compare solvers. During benchmarking, one usually collects a large amount of information like CPU time, number of functions evaluations, number of iterations, and much more. This information, if presented as tables, can be difficult to analyze and compare due to large amount of data. Therefore tools to better process and understand optimization benchmark data have been developed. One of the most widespread tools is the Performance Profile graphics proposed by Dolan and More  In this context, this paper describes perprof py, a free/open source software that creates Performance Profile graphics. This software produces graphics in PDF using LaTeX with PGF/TikZ [22] and PGFPLOTS [4] packages, in PNG using matplotlib [9] and in HTML using Bokeh  Perprof py can also be easily extended to be used with other plot libraries. It is implemented in Python 3 with support for internationalization, and is under the General Public License Version 3 (GPLv3)