nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Does CSR practice pay off in East Asian firms? A meta analytic investigation

Academics and practitioners have long wondered whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) practice is beneficial for Asian firms. To better understand the relationships between CSR and business performance, we use meta analytical techniques based on 31,773 East Asian firms reported in 28 empirical studies to provide cumulative evidence for the value of CSR. Meta analytic results indicate a general positive association between CSR and business performance. We find that environmental CSR has a stronger impact than social CSR on business performance, and that CSR practice has a stronger positive effect on operational performance than on financial performance. Further meta analytic evidence indicates that several moderating issues explain significant variances in the effect size across studies, including economic development stage (developed vs. developing) firm size (SMEs vs. non SMEs) organizational form (public vs. private) and measurement methods (archival data vs. self report) Moreover, we find that CSR importance in East Asia has not varied over the past 15 years. We conclude with theoretical contributions and practical implications.
Mechanisms and Factors Affecting Microbubble Drag Reduction in Ship

Drag is a mechanical force generated by a solid object moving through a fluid. For drag to be generated, the solid body must be in contact with the fluid. Drag is generated by the difference in velocity between the solid object and the fluid. Drag acts in the direction opposite to the direction of motion of the body. Microbubbles is a drag reduction device that reduces skin friction of a solid body moving in water by injecting small bubbles into the turbulent boundary layer developing on the solid body. Its application is confined to the ships, especially large ships. Ships such as tankers play a major role in marine transportation. They are very large and move very slowly. They are especially suited to microbubbles application. With the development of the Microbubbles technology almost 20 80% drag reduction is possible. In this paper we study about different drag reduction mechanisms and factor affecting net power saving in large ship.
A stable room temperature sodium sulfur battery
Venue: Nature communications

High energy rechargeable batteries based on earth abundant materials are important for mobile and stationary storage technologies. Rechargeable sodium sulfur batteries able to operate stably at room temperature are among the most sought after platforms because such cells take advantage of a two electron redox process to achieve high storage capacity from inexpensive electrode materials. Here we report a room temperature sodium sulfur battery that uses a microporous carbon sulfur composite cathode, and a liquid carbonate electrolyte containing the ionic liquid 1 methyl 3 propylimidazolium chlorate tethered to SiO2 nanoparticles. We show that these cells can cycle stably at a rate of 0.5 C (1 C=1675, mAh g 1) with 600 mAh g 1 reversible capacity and nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. By means of spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis, we find that the particles form a sodium ion conductive film on the anode, which stabilizes deposition of sodium. We also find that sulfur remains interred in the carbon pores and undergo solid state electrochemical reactions with sodium ions.
Social Activism in and Around Organizations

AbstractOrganizations are frequent targets for social activists aiming to influence society by first altering organizational policies and practices. Reflecting a steady rise in research on this topic, we review recent literature and advance an insider outsider framework to help explicate the diverse mechanisms and pathways involved. Our framework distinguishes between different types of activists based on their relationship with targeted organizations. For example, "insider" activists who are employees of the target organization have certain advantages and disadvantages when compared with "outsider" activists who are members of independent social movement organizations. We also distinguish between the direct and indirect (or spillover) effects of social activism. Much research has focused on the direct effects of activism on targeted organizations, but often the effects on non targeted organizations matter more for activists goals of achieving widespread change. Drawing on this framework, we identify and
Men of Honor Don't Talk: The Relationship between Masculine Honor and Social Activism against Criminal Organizations in Italy

Criminal organizations have a strong influence on social, political, and economic life in Italy and other parts of the world. Nonetheless, local populations display collective passivity against organized crime, a phenomenon known as omerta. Omerta is linked to the concepts of honor and masculinity. That is, in order to fit ideological constructions of manliness, individuals should display indifference toward illegal activities and should not collaborate with legal institutions. In two studies, we investigated the link between endorsement of a masculine honor ideology and collective action intentions against criminal organizations (antimafia) Study 1 (N 121) involved a Northern Italian sample, and Study 2 (N 301) involved a Southern Italian sample. Across studies, results showed that endorsement of masculine honor ideology was associated with lower willingness to engage in social activism against criminal organizations. This relationship was mediated by attitudes toward criminal organizations (Study 1 and 2) and, in line with the notion of omerta, by lower levels of collective motive and more anxiety about interacting with police (Study 2) Directions for future research are discussed.
Organizing without organizations: on informal social activism in Poland

The purpose of this paper is to examine motivations of social activists in informal initiatives and to understand why they opt for this more spontaneous and self organized activism while openly defying the hitherto established way of founding non governmental organizations.  On the basis of a case study of Poland, which had one of the most vibrant civil societies in the socialist region, it is argued that the characteristics ascribed to the functioning of civil society after the toppling of socialism are not reflected in its more recent state. A broader definition of civil society and social activism is suggested to include new types of informal activism, which tend to be over looked and under studied. The analysis is built on qualitative and quantitative data gathered in 2014 2015.  The argument put forward is that un institutionalized engagement is qualitatively different from its formal and institutionalized counterpart. The recent growth of informal activism is indicative of a rebirth of communitarian engagement in Polish civil society and a reaction to the underside of its institutionalization.  In spite of the seminal role played by societal self organization in the overturning of the socialist system in Eastern European countries, the development of civil society in the region after 1989 has been repeatedly described as passive and characterized by distrustful or individualist attitudes. However, these civil societies have been changing since, and these more recent developments have been neglected by scholars.
Mechanically Alloyed High Entropy Composite

In the last years high entropy alloys have been investigated due to their high hardness, high temperature stability and unusual properties that make these alloys to have significant interest. In comparison with traditional alloys that are based on two or three major elements, this new generation alloys consists at least of 5 principal elements, with the concentration between 5 and 35 at. The present paper reports synthesis of high entropy alloys (HEA) and high entropy composites (HEC) synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) The equiatomic AlCrFeNiMn matrix was used for creating the HEA matrix, starting from elemental powders and as reinforcing material for composites was used pure graphite. The mechanical alloying process was carried out at different duration, in a high energy planetary ball mill, under argon atmosphere. The elemental powders alloying began after '5 hours of milling and was complete after 40 hours. The mechanical alloyed matrix and composite was pressed and heat treated under argon protection. The elemental powers were investigated for physical technological properties, and by X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Phase pressing operation was realized with a hydraulic press and the applied pressure was progressive. The sintering process was carried out at 850degC for 2 h. The X ray diffraction revealed that the MA process resulted in solid solutions formation and also revealed body centred cubic (BCC) and face centred cubic (FCC) structures with average grain size around 40 nm. In addition, nanoscale particles were highlighted by scanning electron microscopy, as well as the homogeneity of the chemical composition of the matrix and composite that was confirmed by EDX microanalysis. It was noted that HEA matrix and HEA composites were processed with a high degree of compaction and with a quite large capacity of mixed powder densification (around 70%
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Technologies
Venue: Neuromethods

Functional AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are tetrameric complexes formed by four identical (homomeric) or similar (heteromeric) subunits. Variations in the number and composition of AMPARs on the plasma membrane impact synaptic strength, neurodevelopment, and brain disorders. While the mechanisms mediating oligomerization of AMPARs are not well understood, they form the template for defining the number and preferential assembly of AMPARs. In this chapter we describe the application of two methods, blue native PAGE (BN PAGE) and fluorescence detection size exclusion chromatography (FSEC) to delineate the oligomeric state of AMPAR complexes and factors that determine the oligomerization process.
Sarka: Sonification and Somaesthetic Appreciation Design
Venue: MOCO

We often take for granted that we have immediate access to our perception and experience of and through our bodies. But inward listening is a demanding activity and thus not easy to learn to perform or design for. With the Sarka mat we want to support the ability to direct attention by providing sound feedback linked to the weight distribution and motion intensity of different parts of the body, and to provide an exemplar for how such design may be conducted. The process of Sarka's creation is informed by Somaesthetic Appreciation Design. We discuss how a sonic feedback signal can influence listeners, followed by how we, in this design, worked to navigate the complex design space presented to us. We detail the design process involved, and the very particular set of limitations which this interactive sonification presented.
A comparison of urban heat islands mapped using skin temperature, air temperature, and apparent temperature (Humidex) for the greater Vancouver area.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

Apparent temperature is more closely related to mortality during extreme heat events than other temperature variables, yet spatial epidemiology studies typically use skin temperature (also known as land surface temperature) to quantify heat exposure because it is relatively easy to map from satellite data. An empirical approach to map apparent temperature at the neighborhood scale, which relies on publicly available weather station observations and spatial data layers combined in a random forest regression model, was demonstrated for greater Vancouver, Canada. Model errors were acceptable (cross validated RMSE=2.04 degC) and the resulting map of apparent temperature, calibrated for a typical hot summer day, corresponded well with past temperature research in the area. A comparison with field measurements as well as similar maps of skin temperature and air temperature revealed that skin temperature was poorly correlated with both air temperature (R(2)=0.38) and apparent temperature (R(2)=0.39) While the latter two were more similar (R(2)=0.87) apparent temperature was predicted to exceed air temperature by more than 5 degC in several urban areas as well as around the confluence of the Pitt and Fraser rivers. We conclude that skin temperature is not a suitable proxy for human heat exposure, and that spatial epidemiology studies could benefit from mapping apparent temperature, using an approach similar to the one reported here, to better quantify differences in heat exposure that exist across an urban landscape.
The interactive effects of temperature and moisture on nitrogen fixation in two temperate arctic mosses
Venue: Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology

Nitrogen (N) fixation in moss cyanobacteria associations is one of the main sources of 'new' N in pristine ecosystems like subarctic and arctic tundra. This fundamental ecosystem process is driven by temperature as well as by moisture. Yet, the effects of temperature and moisture stress on N2 fixation in mosses under controlled conditions have rarely been investigated separately, rendering the interactive effects of the two climatic factors on N2 fixation unknown. Here, we tested the interactive effects of temperature and moisture on N2 fixation in the two most dominant moss species in a temperate heath, subarctic tundra and arctic tundra: Pleurozium schreberi and Tomentypnum nitens. Mosses with different moisture levels (25, 50, 100% were kept at different temperatures (10, 20, 30 degC) and N2 fixation was measured at different times after exposure to these conditions. T. nitens had the highest nitrogenase activity and this increased with moisture content, while effects were moderate for P. schreberi. Nitrogenase activity increased with temperature in all mosses, and the temperature optimum (Topt) was between 20 degC and 30 degC for all mosses. Quick acclimatization towards higher temperatures occurred. Our results suggest that the contemporary and not the historical climate govern the response of moss associated N2 fixation to changes in the abiotic environment. Thus, climate change will have substantial impacts on N2 fixation in dominant mosses in temperate, subarctic and arctic habitats.
Benefits of game based leisure activities in normal aging and dementia.
Venue: Geriatrie et psychologie neuropsychiatrie du vieillissement

Given the increasing prevalence of dementia and the limited efficacy of pharmacological treatments, it is crucial to improve the knowledge of the factors that might delay the onset of dementia for developing non pharmacological interventions. Recent studies have provided evidence that game based interventions, especially the practice of video games, could improve the cognitive functioning (e.g. executive functions) in older adults and in demented patients. The positive effects of these games have also been demonstrated on physical health (e.g. improvement of balance and gait) Video gamed based interventions may also alleviate mood or behavioral disorders, and increase interactions with friends, family, caregivers or other patients. The positive impact of games on these domains (cognitive and physical decline, social isolation) suggests that game based interventions might contribute to delay the onset of dementia. Thus, playing games might be considered as a protective factor in dementia and even more as a potential non pharmacological strategy in dementia rather than leisure activity.
The short trading day anomaly

The psychological literature indicates that people's mood affects their choices and judgments. We find that short trading days around holidays on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange are accompanied by positive abnormal returns and reduced volatility in returns. This anomaly is evident in the main stock indices, as well as most of the economic sector indices. The anomaly seems to be size related, with small and mid cap indices producing abnormal returns. In addition, the volatility index (VIX) during short trading days tends to be lower than on normal trading days. Our findings suggest that investors can benefit from using two simple trading strategies.
Plastic mulching in agriculture. Trading short term agronomic benefits for long term soil degradation?
Venue: The Science of the total environment

Plastic mulching has become a globally applied agricultural practice for its instant economic benefits such as higher yields, earlier harvests, improved fruit quality and increased water use efficiency. However, knowledge of the sustainability of plastic mulching remains vague in terms of both an environmental and agronomic perspective. This review critically discusses the current understanding of the environmental impact of plastic mulch use by linking knowledge of agricultural benefits and research on the life cycle of plastic mulches with direct and indirect implications for long term soil quality and ecosystem services. Adverse effects may arise from plastic additives, enhanced pesticide runoff and plastic residues likely to fragment into microplastics but remaining chemically intact and accumulating in soil where they can successively sorb agrochemicals. The quantification of microplastics in soil remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate analytical techniques. The cost and effort of recovering and recycling used mulching films may offset the aforementioned benefits in the long term. However, comparative and long term agronomic assessments have not yet been conducted. Furthermore, plastic mulches have the potential to alter soil quality by shifting the edaphic biocoenosis (e.g. towards mycotoxigenic fungi) accelerate C/N metabolism eventually depleting soil organic matter stocks, increase soil water repellency and favour the release of greenhouse gases. A substantial process understanding of the interactions between the soil microclimate, water supply and biological activity under plastic mulches is still lacking but required to estimate potential risks for long term soil quality. Currently, farmers mostly base their decision to apply plastic mulches rather on expected short term benefits than on the consideration of long term consequences. Future interdisciplinary research should therefore gain a deeper understanding of the incentives for farmers and public perception from both a psychological and economic perspective in order to develop new support strategies for the transition into a more environment friendly food production.
Dynamic Similitude Design Method of the Distorted Model on Variable Thickness Cantilever Plates

In the present study, a new method of predicting the dynamic behavior of a variable thickness (VT) cantilever plate by using a thin plate scaled model is proposed. The thin plate model, defined as the model thin (MT) plate, is designed by using the newly proposed similitude design method. The method is derived based on the transfer matrix of both the stepped thickness (ST) plate that is simplified by the VT plate and the thin plate. The thickness of the MT plate is calculated by introducing the equivalent thickness corresponding to each VT plate's vibration modals, such that a series of accurate distorted scaling laws are provided to predict each corresponding property. Moreover, an algorithm of designing the MT plate is proposed and a design process is summarized in steps. Finally, an example, where the prototype VT plate is made of 42 CrMo and the MT plate is made of NO. 45 steel, is discussed to validate the proposed design method, showing that the MT plate, which is designed by using the proposed method, can accurately predict the dynamic properties of the prototype VT plate, and showing its significance in engineering practice.
Target Free Automatic Registration of Point Clouds

The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel method that automatically registers colored 3D point cloud sets without using targets or any other manual alignment processes. For fully automated point cloud registration without targets or landmarks, our approach utilizes feature detection algorithms used in computer vision. A digital camera and a laser scanner is utilized and the sensor data is merged based on a kinematic solution. The proposed approach is to detect and extract common features not directly from a 3D point cloud but from digital images corresponding to the point clouds. The initial alignment is achieved by matching common SURF features from corresponding digital images. Further alignment is obtained using plane segmentation and matching from the 3D point clouds. The test outcomes show promising results in terms of registration accuracy and processing time.
The New Approach to Camera Calibration GCPs or TLS Data?

Camera calibration is one of the basic photogrammetric tasks responsible for the quality of processed products. The majority of calibration is performed with a specially designed test field or during the self calibration process. The research presented in this paper aims to answer the question of whether it is necessary to use control points designed in the standard way for determination of camera interior orientation parameters. Data from close range laser scanning can be used as an alternative. The experiments shown in this work demonstrate the potential of laser measurements, since the number of points that may be involved in the calculation is much larger than that of commonly used ground control points. The problem which still exists is the correct and automatic identification of object details in the image, taken with a tested camera, as well as in the data set registered with the laser scanner.
Network Bricolage as the Reconciliation of Indigenous and Transplanted Institutions in Africa

This paper argues that network bricolage can play an important role in reconciling informal indigenous institutions rooted in African history with formal institutions mostly transplanted from outside. Drawing on the literature on bricolage, social entrepreneurship, networks and institutional entrepreneurship, and illustrated with an example, we define network bricolage as a process that involves interest alignment and a relational governance structure among network actors. Our analysis distinguishes network bricolage from organizational level bricolage and develops a theory to explain it. A greater understanding of network bricolage has important implications for the theory and practice of entrepreneurship in Africa, including the need to understand the deeper ontological and epistemological assumptions that underpin informal and formal institutions.
The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Seventh Edition.

Over 70 new Data Analysis Problems, with answers and explanations FIND OUT New online videos, referenced throughout the book MORE INSIDE. "I have enjoyed using this book because it cuts through the mountain of details flooding into this topic and presents in a simple way the techniques currently in use and some cutting edge research. When I chose this book, it was after looking at several other books on the market this one thoroughly covered the topics, but in a simple, easy to understand way for the student."
The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Seventh Edition
Venue: The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine

respect to our microbial communities. The authors do the field a service by making it very clear that there is much to be learned, and that even their published book is not absolute by virtue of being the latest news. In addition, the hand drawn illustrations are appealing and contribute to perception that far from being immortalized in official, unchangeable textbook figures, the microbiome is an area of dynamic research where every fresh discovery is a new facet of a complex and far reaching issue.