nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach for airline scheduling, aircraft fleeting and routing with cruise speed control

To place an emphasis on profound relations among airline schedule planning problems and to mitigate the effect of unexpected delays, we integrate schedule design, fleet assignment and aircraft routing problems within a daily planning horizon while passengers' connection service levels are ensured via chance constraints. We propose a nonlinear mixed integer programming model due to the nonlinear fuel consumption and CO 2 emission cost terms in the objective function, which is handled by second order conic reformulation. The key contribution of this study is to take into account the cruise time control for the first time in an integrated model of these three stages of airline operations. Changing cruise times of flights in an integrated model enables to construct a schedule to increase utilization of fuel efficient aircraft and even to decrease total number of aircraft needed while satisfying the same service level and maintenance requirements for aircraft fleeting and routing. There is a critical tradeoff between the number of aircraft needed to fulfill the required flights and overall operational expenses. We also propose two heuristic methods to solve larger size problems. Finally, computational results using real data obtained from a major U.S. carrier are presented to demonstrate potential profitability in applying the proposed solution methods.
The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis 3)
Venue: JAMA

Definitions of sepsis and septic shock were last revised in 2001. Considerable advances have since been made into the pathobiology (changes in organ function, morphology, cell biology, biochemistry, immunology, and circulation) management, and epidemiology of sepsis, suggesting the need for reexamination.  To evaluate and, as needed, update definitions for sepsis and septic shock. PROCESS A task force (n 19) with expertise in sepsis pathobiology, clinical trials, and epidemiology was convened by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Definitions and clinical criteria were generated through meetings, Delphi processes, analysis of electronic health record databases, and voting, followed by circulation to international professional societies, requesting peer review and endorsement (by 31 societies listed in the Acknowledgment) KEY FINDINGS FROM EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Limitations of previous definitions included an excessive focus on inflammation, the misleading model that sepsis follows a continuum through severe sepsis to shock, and inadequate specificity and sensitivity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria. Multiple definitions and terminologies are currently in use for sepsis, septic shock, and organ dysfunction, leading to discrepancies in reported incidence and observed mortality. The task force concluded the term severe sepsis was redundant. RECOMMENDATIONS Sepsis should be defined as life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. For clinical operationalization, organ dysfunction can be represented by an increase in the Sequential [Sepsis related] Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or more, which is associated with an in hospital mortality greater than 10% Septic shock should be defined as a subset of sepsis in which particularly profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater risk of mortality than with sepsis alone. Patients with septic shock can be clinically identified by a vasopressor requirement to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or greater and serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L >18 mg/dL) in the absence of hypovolemia. This combination is associated with hospital mortality rates greater than 40% In out of hospital, emergency department, or general hospital ward settings, adult patients with suspected infection can be rapidly identified as being more likely to have poor outcomes typical of sepsis if they have at least 2 of the following clinical criteria that together constitute a new bedside clinical score termed quickSOFA (qSOFA) respiratory rate of 22/min or greater, altered mentation, or systolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or less.  These updated definitions and clinical criteria should replace previous definitions, offer greater consistency for epidemiologic studies and clinical trials, and facilitate earlier recognition and more timely management of patients with sepsis or at risk of developing sepsis.
Relacion entre estres laboral y adherencia a la dieta mediterranea (DM) en funcionarios de una institucion de educacion superior, Chile

espanolLa calidad de vida laboral es un factor relevante para la salud laboral de la organizacion, razon por la cual se presenta un estudio exploratorio correlacional, que busca asociacion entre las variables Estres Laboral y Dieta Mediterranea (DM) La investigacion tuvo por objetivo determinar la relacion entre Estres Laboral y Adherencia a la DM en funcionarios de una Institucion de Educacion Superior. El universo de estudio corresponde a 628 funcionarios, academicos y no academicos, de los cuales 237 fueron parte de la muestra. El criterio de exclusion de los sujetos de la muestra fue llevar menos de un ano trabajando en la institucion. Los encuestados contestaron de forma voluntaria un cuestionario autoadministrado y anonimo de 49 preguntas divididas en 3 secciones: Informacion General del Encuestado, Cuestionario de Contenido del Trabajo y Cuestionario de Adherencia a la DM. Para el analisis de fiabilidad del cuestionario, se utilizo el alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados, obtenidos del analisis de datos mediante el coeficiente de Spearman, indicaron que las mujeres que perciben mayor apoyo social de sus jefaturas presentaron mayor tendencia al consumo de frutas y jugo de estas (p 0,492) Por otro lado, cuando los hombres perciben mayor inseguridad en su empleo tuvieron mayor tendencia a consumir alimentos altos en grasas saturadas (p 0,667) En general, los funcionarios presentaron una baja adherencia a este patron alimentario, demostrando que no se presento una relacion entre Estres Laboral y DM. EnglishWellness at work is relevant for employee's health status. The present exploratory correlational study pursues the relationship between occupational stress as a determinant in the adherence for Mediterranean Diet (MD) among employees of a Chilean University. The goal of this study was to determine the links between occupational stress and adherence for Mediterranean Diet in employees of a Chilean University. The universe of study was 628 employees, academics and non academics, and the sample was 237 subjects. The exclusion criteria of the subjects of the sample was take less than a year working in the institution. The respondents voluntarily answered a self administered and anonymous questionnaire of 49 questions divided into 3 sections: General Information from the respondent, Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and MD Adherence Questionnaire. For the analysis of the instrument fiability, was use Cronbach's alpha. The results, obtained of the data analysis with the Spearman coefficient, indicated that when women receive more social support from their headquarters, have a greater tendency to consume fruits and fruit juice (p 0,492) and when men percive greater insecurity in their jobs are more likely to consume high insaturated fats food (p 0,667) In general, employees had low adherence to this dietary pattern, demostrating that the relationship between occupational stress and MD is not present.
Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of central precocious puberty.
Venue: The lancet. Diabetes endocrinology

Central precocious puberty results from the premature activation of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. It mimics physiological pubertal development, although at an inappropriate chronological age (before 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys) It can be attributable to cerebral congenital malformations or acquired insults, but the cause in most cases in girls remains unknown. MKRN3 gene defects have been identified in familial disease, with important basic and clinical results. Indeed, genetic analysis of this gene should be included in the routine clinical investigation of familial and idiopathic cases of central precocious puberty. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists are the gold standard treatment. The assessment and management of this disease remain challenging for paediatric endocrinologists. In this Series paper, we describe current challenges involving the precise diagnosis and adequate treatment of this disorder.
Mutations in the maternally imprinted gene MKRN3 are common in familial central precocious puberty.
Venue: European journal of endocrinology

Idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) is defined as early activation of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in the absence of identifiable central lesions. Mutations of the makorin RING finger 3 (MKRN3) gene are associated with iCPP. We aimed to assess the frequency of MKRN3 mutations in iCPP and to compare the phenotypes of patients with and without MKRN3 mutations.  An observational study was carried out on patients recruited at pediatric hospitals in France and Italy. Forty six index CPP cases were screened for mutations in the MKRN3 coding sequence: 28 index cases of familial cases and 18 cases did not report any familial history of CPP. The endocrine phenotype was compared between MKRN3 mutated and non mutated patients.  MKRN3 mutations were identified in one sporadic and 13 familial cases. We identified five new heterozygous missense mutations predicted to be deleterious for protein function and two frameshift mutations, one new and the other recurrent, predicted to result in truncated proteins. Age at puberty onset varied very little among patients with MKRN3 mutations and puberty occurred earlier in these patients than in those without MKRN3 mutations (6.0 years (5.4 6.0) vs 7.0 years (6.0 7.0) P=0.01)  MKRN3 mutations are common in familial iCPP. MKRN3 is one of the gatekeepers of the postnatal activation of the gonadotropic axis.
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Long term outcomes of the treatment of central precocious puberty.
Venue: European journal of endocrinology

GnRH analogues (GnRHa) are the treatment of choice for central precocious puberty (CPP) with the main objective to recover the height potential compromised by the premature fusion of growth cartilages. The aim of this review was to analyze long term effects of GnRHa on height, body weight, reproductive function, and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with CPP, as well as the potential predictors of outcome. Because randomized controlled trials on the effectiveness and long term outcomes of treatment are not available, only qualified conclusions about the efficacy of interventions can be drawn. GnRHa treatment appears to improve adult height in girls with CPP, especially if diagnosed before the age of 6, whereas a real benefit in terms of adult height is still controversial in patients with the onset of puberty between 6 and 8 years of age. No height benefit was shown in patients treated after 8 years. Gonadal function is promptly restored in girls after cessation of treatment, and reproductive potential appears normal in young adulthood. Data are conflicting on the long term risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome in both treated and untreated women. Fat mass is increased at the start of treatment but normalizes thereafter, and GnRHa itself does not seem to have any long term effect on BMI. Similarly, analogue treatment does not appear to have a negative impact on BMD. Owing to the paucity of data available, no conclusions can be drawn on the repercussions of CPP and/or its treatment on the timing of menopause and on the health of the offspring.
Dataset and Neural Recurrent Sequence Labeling Model for Open Domain Factoid Question Answering
Venue: ArXiv

While question answering (QA) with neural network, i.e. neural QA, has achieved promising results in recent years, lacking of large scale real word QA dataset is still a challenge for developing and evaluating neural QA system. To alleviate this problem, we propose a large scale human annotated real world QA dataset WebQA with more than 42k questions and 556k evidences. As existing neural QA methods resolve QA either as sequence generation or classification/ranking problem, they face challenges of expensive softmax computation, unseen answers handling or separate candidate answer generation component. In this work, we cast neural QA as a sequence labeling problem and propose an end to end sequence labeling model, which overcomes all the above challenges. Experimental results on WebQA show that our model outperforms the baselines significantly with an F1 score of 74.69% with word based input, and the performance drops only 3.72 F1 points with more challenging character based input.
Neuroprotective Effects of Lithium in Human Brain? Food for Thought.
Venue: Current Alzheimer research

There is a growing body of pre clinical evidence suggesting that lithium (Li) may protect neurons from a range of neurotoxic insults, hence the term neuroprotective effects. Does Li have similar effects also in human subjects?  We reviewed the neuroimaging literature investigating the association between Li treatment and brain structure.  There is level I evidence for positive association between Li treatment and brain grey matter volume, which is one of the most replicated neuroimaging findings. It has been reported in the majority of cross sectional studies, all 8 prospective studies, including a randomized controlled trial as well as in 2 meta analyses and one mega analysis. The association between Li treatment and grey matter volume occurs regardless of mood state, diagnostic subtype, presence or absence of concomitant medications. It was documented in multiple brain regions, including hippocampus, amygdala, anterior cingulate, subgenual cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, habenula.  Although some methodological and clinical issues complicate the interpretation of findings, there is robust and highly replicated level 1 evidence for positive association between Li treatment and grey matter volumes. These "neuroprotective" effects of Li have been shown even in healthy subjects and appear independent of prophylactic treatment response. Consequently, Li might help maintain brain health even in patients without bipolar disorders and could possibly demonstrate diseasemodifying properties in neurodegenerative disorders.
Cultivation of mushrooms for production of food biofortified with lithium
Venue: European Food Research and Technology

It has recently been suggested that food fortification with Li is worth serious consideration as a strategy to support psychiatric treatment and decrease violent behaviors in the general population. Therefore, the present study developed the cultivation of three commercially important mushroom species, Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus ostreatus, on substrates enriched with Li (0.25 1.0 mM) in the form of acetate or carbonate. The growth of the mycelium colony, production of fruiting bodies and accumulation of Li were evaluated. Analysis of Li was performed using an optical emission spectrometry with excitation by inductively coupled plasma using an Agilent 5100 ICP OES spectrometer. As found, Li2CO3 was a more bioavailable form although it had a greater adverse effect on mushroom growth. Substrate supplementation with CH3COOLi resulted in lower or no growth retardation but decreased uptake of Li. The most promising results were obtained for G. lucidum, which accumulated up to 73.58 10.87 (Li2CO3) and 25.59 9.98 (CH3COOLi) mg Li kg 1 dry mass. Given the popularity of the investigated mushroom species in various cultures as food or alternative medicines, their Li biofortified forms could potentially find social acceptance. The concentrations of Li accumulated in fruiting bodies were not high enough for application in psychiatric treatments but could potentially support the daily intake of Li for behavior modification or health beneficiary purposes. Further studies are necessary to fully investigate the safety implications of Li enriched mushrooms for humans.
Estudio descriptivo de algunas variables emocionales en las personas mayores

espanolSe analizo el funcionamiento emocional (afecto positivo y negativo, satisfaccion con la vida, soledad y estrategias de regulacion) de las personas centenarias en comparacion con el depersonas de menor edad (65 74, 75 84y 85 94 anos).Participaron en el estudio 257 personas mayores sin deterioro cognitivo y sin dependencia para las Actividades de la Vida Diaria (AVD).Los resultados revelaron que,en las personas centenarias, se producia una disminucion de la afectividad positiva en comparacion con los grupos de 65 a 74 anos y de 75 a 84 anos, pero no asi con el de 85 a 94 anos. Ademas, presentaban menor afecto negativo y mas satisfaccion con la vida (en comparacion con el grupo de 65 a 74 anos) al tiempo que manifestaban sentirse mas solas (en comparacion con los grupos de 65 a 74 anos y de 75 a 84 anos) Con respecto a las estrategias de regulacion, en general, las personas centenarias utilizan en menor medida las estrategias proactivas y la solucion de problemas y en mayor medida las pasivas, al menos en la regulacion de la tristeza.En conclusion, a pesar de experimentar menos afecto positivo y mas soledad se produce cierta disminucion en el afecto negativo, e incluso cierto aumentode la satisfaccion con la vida. En lo que respecta a la regulacion emocional, las personas centenarias utilizan menos las estrategias proactivas y mas las pasivas (tristeza) EnglishEmotional functioning (positive and negative affect, life satisfaction, loneliness and regulation strategies) of centenarians compared to younger adults was analyzed (65 74, 75 84, and 85 94 years old).This study was conducted with 257 older adults cognitively healthy and independent for the performance of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL).Results showed a decrease in positive affect in comparison with 65 to 74 and 75 to 84 age groups, butnot with 85 to 94. Centenarians also showed less negative affect and increased life satisfaction (in comparison with the youngest age group) In comparison with 65 to 74 and 75 to 84 age groups centenarians experimented higher loneliness. In regard to regulation strategies, in general, centenarians use less proactive strategies and problem solving while more passive strategies at least when regulating sadness.In conclusion, despite experiencing less positive affect and a higher loneliness, less negative affect and a higher life satisfaction was observed among centenarians. In addition, centenarians use proactive strategies less and passive strategies more.
Analisis Kepuasan Penerimaan Pengguna Akhir Sistem Cashier Distribution Center (CDC) Menggunakan End User Computing Satisfication (EUCS) studi kasus 11 kantor cabang PT. Indomarco Prisamtama

The objective of this research is to know condition from users satisfication toward Cashier Distribution Center (CDC) system in PT. Indomarco Prismatama. In information technology environment that has mandatory use in which the user does not have freedom to decide whether to utilized the information system, of course be a measure user satisfication of user accepatance information systems. For review knowing condition the users satisfaction using a model of End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) consists of variable content, accuracy, format ease of use, timeliness with added two variable system speed and system reliability. The method used in this research is a mixed methods. Respondents in the study amounted 121 which were all are users of the CDC system. The Result of user satisfication CDC system, almost as a whole was in good condition, except for the variable system speed in fairly good condition. From these results it can be seen that all variables influence user satisfication system.
Money attitudes, credit card and compulsive buying behaviour: a study on Indian consumers

In recent years, the credit card market in India has shown positive growth. However, the Indian market with infrastructural constraints, collectivist tendencies, and recent economic developments due to liberalisation is different from Western countries. It was assumed that Indian consumers' attitude about credit card use is likely to differ from their Western counterparts. The purpose of current research was to examine relationship of money attitudes, credit card use, age and gender on compulsive buying behaviour of Indian consumers. It would enable in understanding differences, if any, between developing and developed country markets. Insights about consumers' attitudes towards credit cards and money can help credit card companies educate consumers about over spending and debt. It also attempts to understand applicability of money attitude and compulsive scale on Indian consumers. The results suggest that compulsive buying behaviour is influenced by money attitudes of power and price sensitivity. Extravagance prudence and age moderate money attitude. Credit card companies can use themes of 'power' and 'price sensitivity' to target consumers. Compulsiveness can lead to social and financial problems; it is important to educate consumers about credit card use and associated risks.
Avian thermoregulation in the heat: evaporative cooling capacity in an archetypal desert specialist, Burchell's sandgrouse (Pterocles burchelli)
Venue: Journal of Experimental Biology

Sandgrouse (Pterocliformes) are quintessential examples of avian adaptation to desert environments, but relatively little is known about the limits to their heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity. We predicted that evaporative cooling in Burchell's sandgrouse (Pterocles burchelli) is highly efficient and provides the basis for tolerance of very high air temperature (Ta) We measured body temperature (Tb) resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) at Ta between 25degC and ~58degC in birds exposed to successive increments in Ta. Normothermic Tb averaged 39.0degC, lower than typical avian values. At Ta>34.5degC, Tb increased linearly to a maximum of 43.6degC at Ta=56degC. The upper critical limit of thermoneutrality (Tuc) was Ta=43.8degC, closely coinciding with the onset of panting and gular flutter. Above the Tuc, RMR increased 2.5 fold to 2.89 W at Ta=56degC, a fractional increase far exceeding that of many other species under comparable conditions. Rates of EWL increased rapidly at Ta>42.9degC to 7.84+ 0.90 g h 1 at Ta=56degC, an 11 fold increase above minimal levels. Maximum evaporative cooling efficiency (ratio of evaporative heat loss to metabolic heat production) was 2.03, but could be as high as 2.70 if our assumption that the birds were metabolising lipids is incorrect. Thermoregulation at very high Ta in P. burchelli was characterised by large increases in RMR and EWL, and is much less efficient than in taxa such as columbids and caprimulgids.  Evaporative cooling in Burchell's sandgrouse, an archetypal arid adapted bird, is surprisingly inefficient, and suggestive of heavy reliance on respiratory rather than cutaneous heat dissipation.