nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Guided Tour of Literature Review: Facilitating Academic Paper Reading with Narrative Visualization
Venue: VINCI

Reading academic paper is a daily task for researchers and graduate students. However, reading effectively can be challenging, particularly for novices in scientific research. For example, when readers are reading the related work section that cites a fair number of references in limited page space, they often need to flip back and forth between the text and the references and may also frequently search elsewhere for more information about the references. This increases the difficulty of understanding a paper. In this paper, we propose a narrative visualization system that helps the reading of academic papers. As a first step, we adopt narrative visualization to present literature review as interactive slides. Specifically, we propose a narrative structure with three levels of granularities that the reader can drill down or roll up freely. The logic flow of a slideshow can be organized based on the paper's presentation or citations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through several case studies and user studies. The results show that the system allows users to quickly track and glance related work, making paper reading more effective and enjoyable.
Additive manufacturing of biologically inspired materials.
Venue: Chemical Society reviews

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies offer an attractive pathway towards the fabrication of functional materials featuring complex heterogeneous architectures inspired by biological systems. In this paper, recent research on the use of AM approaches to program the local chemical composition, structure and properties of biologically inspired materials is reviewed. A variety of structural motifs found in biological composites have been successfully emulated in synthetic systems using inkjet based, direct writing, stereolithography and slip casting technologies. The replication in synthetic systems of design principles underlying such structural motifs has enabled the fabrication of lightweight cellular materials, strong and tough composites, soft robots and autonomously shaping structures with unprecedented properties and functionalities. Pushing the current limits of AM technologies in future research should bring us closer to the manufacturing capabilities of living organisms, opening the way for the digital fabrication of advanced materials with superior performance, lower environmental impact and new functionalities.
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Tmall's Double Eleven Advertisement.

From the 1990s, the multimodal turn in discourse studies makes multimodal discourse analysis a popular topic in linguistics and communication studies. An important approach to applying Systemic Functional Linguistics to non verbal modes is Visual Grammar initially proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen (1996) Considering that commercial advertisement is an indispensable part of the modern society that bears rich meanings worth discussing, this paper analyzes visual components of the advertisement produced by Tmall for the Double Eleven Shopping Carnival from the perspective of Visual Grammar. By analyzing representational, interactive and compositional meaning presented in the advertisement, this article illustrates how visual components serve as a huge attraction to the viewers and effectively justifies the consumption behavior by appealing to the cultural and social state. It also sheds some light on raising the awareness of consumers by presenting how advertisement producers practice psychological manipulation on the viewers.
Fake Brownian motion and calibration of a Regime Switching Local Volatility model

By Gyongy's theorem, a local and stochastic volatility (LSV) model is calibrated to the market prices of all European call options with positive maturities and strikes if its local volatility function is equal to the ratio of the Dupire local volatility function over the root conditional mean square of the stochastic volatility factor given the spot value. This leads to a SDE nonlinear in the sense of McKean. Particle methods based on a kernel approximation of the conditional expectation, as presented by Guyon and Henry Labordere (2011) provide an efficient calibration procedure even if some calibration errors may appear when the range of the stochastic volatility factor is very large. But so far, no global existence result is available for the SDE nonlinear in the sense of McKean. In the particular case where the local volatility function is equal to the inverse of the root conditional mean square of the stochastic volatility factor multiplied by the spot value given this value and the interest rate is zero, the solution to the SDE is a fake Brownian motion. When the stochastic volatility factor is a constant (over time) random variable taking finitely many values and the range of its square is not too large, we prove existence to the associated Fokker Planck equation. Thanks to Figalli (2008) we then deduce existence of a new class of fake Brownian motions. We then extend these results to the special case of the LSV model called regime switching local volatility, where the stochastic volatility factor is a jump process taking finitely many values and with jump intensities depending on the spot level. Under the same condition on the range of its square, we prove existence to the associated Fokker Planck PDE. Finally, we deduce existence of the calibrated model by extending the results in Figalli (2008)
Characterization and comparison of ATF and TFF in stirred bioreactors for continuous mammalian cell culture processes

In this work, two external filtration devices for cell retention, the commercial alternating tangential flow (ATF) system and a tangential flow filtration (TFF) setup driven by a bearingless centrifugal pump were compared. Physical characterization of the bioreactor hydrodynamics revealed significantly smaller maximum stress values in the ATF at similar mixing and oxygen mass transfer rates. Suitable operating parameters in terms of aeration, stirring and operation of the retention device were determined. Steady culture of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at 20, 40 and 60 x 10 6 cells/mL for at least one week was achieved in perfusion at a fixed harvest rate of one reactor volume per day for both setups. Contrary to the ATF, considerable retention (up to 50% of the produced monoclonal antibody in the TFF was observed, however without significant difference in product quality. The integration of physical and cell culture characterization allows the comprehensive assessment of cell culture performance. The presented approach can serve as a general procedure to develop a scalable mammalian cell perfusion culture.
Impact of co infections with enteric pathogens on children suffering from acute diarrhea in southwest China
Venue: Infectious Diseases of Poverty

BackgroundAcute diarrhea is a global health problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in children. It has been suggested that enteric pathogen co infections play an important role in gastroenteritis, but most research efforts have only focused on a small range of species belonging to a few pathogen groups. This study aimed to assess the impact of co infections with a broad range of enteric pathogens on children aged below five years who suffer from acute diarrhea in southwest China. total of 1020 subjects (850 diarrhea cases and 170 healthy controls) were selected from four sentinel hospitals in Kunming, Yunnan province, southwest China, from June 2014 to July 2015. Stool specimens were collected to detect five virus (rotavirus group A, RVA; norovirus, NoV; Sapovirus, SaV; astrovirus, As; and adenovirus, Ad) seven bacterial (diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, DEC; non typhoidal Salmonella, NTS; Shigella spp. Vibrio cholera; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas spp. and three protozoan (Cryptosporidium spp. Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis, B. hominis) species using standard microbiologic and molecular methods. Data were analyzed using the partial least square regression technique and chi square test.ResultsAt least one enteric pathogen was detected in 46.7 (n 397) of acute gastroenteritis cases and 13.5 (n 23) of healthy controls (kh2 64.4, P 0.05) Single infection with RVA was associated with acute diarrhea (26.5 vs. 5.8 P 0.05) The prevalence of a single infection with B. hominis in diarrhea cases was higher than in healthy controls (3.1 vs. 0.5 OR 4.7, 95 CI: 1.01 112.0) Single infection with NoV GII was not associated with diarrhea (4.4 vs. 3.5 OR 1.2, 95 CI: 0.5 3.3) Single infections with bacterial species were not observed. The prevalence of co infections with two enteric pathogens in diarrhea cases was higher than in asymptomatic children (20.1 vs. 5.3 P 0.05) RVA NoV GII was the most common co infection in symptomatic children (4.4 with it aggravating the severity of diarrhea.ConclusionsAlthough it is clear that RVA has an overwhelming impact on diarrhea illnesses in children, co infection with other enteric pathogens appears to also aggravate diarrhea severity. These findings should serve as evidence for public health services when planning and developing intervention programs.
Use of emerging tobacco products among adolescents who do not smoke conventional cigarettes.
Venue: Rhode Island medical journal

Although youth cigarette smoking has steadily declined across the US, use of emerging tobacco products, most notably e cigarettes and hookah, has increased.1 In 2015, 25.3% of US high school youth currently used at least one tobacco product.1 E cigarettes were the most commonly used product (16.0% surpassing all other products including cigarettes (9.3% cigars (8.6% hookah (7.2% and smokeless tobacco (6.0% From 2011 2015, youth use of e cigarettes and hookah substantially increased, while use of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco declined. Increased use of emerging products has essentially canceled out decreases in cigarette use, resulting in no change in overall tobacco use among youth.1 In Rhode Island (RI) current cigarette use among high school students declined from 8.0% in 2013 to 4.8% in 2015 one of the lowest youth smoking rates in the country. E cigarette data were collected for the first time on the 2015 RI Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Despite the fact that most RI high school students do not smoke conventional cigarettes, 25.1% of all youth reported current use of tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless, or e cigarettes) in 2015. E cigarettes were the most commonly used product (19.3% followed by hookah (11.8% cigars (8.4% smokeless tobacco (5.3% and cigarettes (4.8% Youth use of any tobacco or nicotine product is unsafe. Exposure to nicotine during adolescence can harm brain development and lead to more severe levels of nicotine  Research suggests that e cigarette use among youth who do not smoke conventional cigarettes may act as a gateway to initiation of combustible tobacco products.3 Because RI's youth cigarette smoking rate is so low, yet one in four adolescents report using tobacco, it is important to understand what other tobacco products are used by adolescents who are not current cigarette smokers. This study aimed to 1) describe current use of four tobacco products among RI high school youth who do not smoke conventional cigarettes (hereby referred to as "nonsmokers" and 2) identify factors associated with e cigarette use among nonsmokers.
Indian summer heat wave of 2015: a biometeorological analysis using half hourly automatic weather station data with special reference to Andhra Pradesh
Venue: International Journal of Biometeorology

Heat wave is a hazardous weather related extreme event that affects living beings. The 2015 summer heat wave affected many regions in India and caused the death of 2248 people across the country. An attempt has been made to quantify the intensity and duration of heat wave that resulted in high mortality across the country. Half hourly Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) based on a complete heat budget of human body, was estimated using automatic weather station (AWS) data of four locations in Andhra Pradesh state, where the maximum number of deaths was reported. The heat wave characterization using PET revealed that extreme heat load conditions (PET >41) existed in all the four locations throughout May during 2012 2015, with varying intensity. The intensity and duration of heat waves characterized by "area under the curve" method showed good results for Srikakulam and Undi locations. Variations in PET during each half an hour were estimated. Such studies will help in fixing thresholds for defining heat waves, designing early warning systems, etc.
Applying the COM B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation
Venue: International journal of audiology

To introduce a psychological model of behaviour; the COM B model and describe how this has been used in combination with the behaviour change wheel (BCW) in developing an intervention which aims to promote regular, long term use of hearing aids by adults with acquired hearing loss.  Qualitative structured interview study using the COM B model to identify the determinants of behavioural planning on the part of audiologists; a potentially important factor in encouraging long term hearing aid use.  Ten audiologists drawn from a random sample of five English audiology departments.  The analysis suggests that behavioural planning might be more likely to occur if audiologists' psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation were addressed. This analysis forms the basis of an intervention design, using the BCW, to encourage behavioural planning by audiologists and subsequent hearing aid use by people with hearing loss.  The COM B model and BCW can be applied successfully in the context of audiology to analyse the behaviour of both people with hearing loss and professionals working with them, supplying information that is being used in intervention design. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested in a clinical trial.
Multi contact walking pattern generation based on model preview control of 3D COM accelerations
Venue: 2016 IEEE RAS 16th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)

We present a multi contact walking pattern generator based on preview control of the 3D acceleration of the center of mass (COM) A key point in the design of our algorithm is the calculation of contact stability constraints. Thanks to a mathematical observation on the algebraic nature of the frictional wrench cone, we show that the 3D volume of feasible COM accelerations is always an upward pointing cone. We reduce its computation to a convex hull of (dual) 2D points, for which optimal C(n log n) algorithms are readily available. This reformulation brings a significant speedup compared to previous methods, which allows us to compute time varying contact stability criteria fast enough for the control loop. Next, we propose a conservative trajectory wide contact stability criterion, which can be derived from COM acceleration volumes at marginal cost and directly applied in a model predictive controller. We finally implement this pipeline and exemplify it with the HRP 4 humanoid model in multi contact dynamically walking scenarios.
Simulating the demand reshaping and substitution effects of probabilistic selling

This paper addresses the effect of probabilistic selling on inventory decisions and the expected profit through demand reshape and demand substitution. By considering a scenario with two higher priced specific products and one lower priced probabilistic product, we construct a new newsboy type inventory model with demand reshape and substitution. A simulation study is implemented to explore extensively the effects of demand uncertainty, demand correlation, price sensitivity and price discount on the inventory decisions and profitability of probabilistic selling. Finally, we provide insightful managerial implications of the nature of inventory management mechanism of probabilistic selling.
ADMISSION OF NEW MEMBERS TO THE UNITED NATIONS

The experience of the inter war period in world organization was not lost upon the founders of the United Nations. The Second World War had made it unmistakably clear that a new world organization had to have behind its efforts the concentration of preponderant power, if it were to succeed in realising its supreme end, namely, the promotion and preservation of international peace. The presence of the United States and the Soviet Union was therefore essential to its success, if the United Nations was not to founder on the rock which had wrecked the League of Nations. It was not equally certain that, to be an effective instrument of peace, it must be universal in membership.
Effect of heating/reheating of fats/oils, as used by Asian Indians, on trans fatty acid formation.
Venue: Food chemistry

Heating/frying and reuse of edible fats/oils induces chemical changes such as formation of trans fatty acids (TFAs) The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heating/frying on formation of TFAs in fats/oils. Using gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector, TFA was estimated in six commonly used fat/oils in India (refined soybean oil, groundnut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, clarified butter, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil) before and after subjecting them to heating/frying at 180degC and 220degC. All six fats/oils subjected to heating/frying demonstrated an increase in TFAs (p<0.001) saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and decrease in cis unsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001) The absolute increase in TFA content of edible oils (after subjecting to heating/reheating) ranged between 2.30+ 0.89g/100g and 4.5+ 1.43g/100g; amongst edible fats it ranged between 2.60+ 0.38g/100g and 5.96+ 1.94g/100g. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups (heating and frying; p=0.892) Considering the undesirable health effects of TFA, appropriate guidelines for heating/re frying of edible fats/oils by Asian Indians should be devised.
Guided bone regeneration using resorbable membrane and different bone substitutes: Early histological and molecular events.
Venue: Acta biomaterialia

Bone insufficiency remains a major challenge for bone anchored implants. The combination of guided bone regeneration (GBR) and bone augmentation is an established procedure to restore the bone. However, a proper understanding of the interactions between the bone substitute and GBR membrane materials and the bone healing environment is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the early events of bone healing and the cellular activities in response to a combination of GBR membrane and different calcium phosphate (CaP) materials. Defects were created in the trabecular region of rat femurs, and filled with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) hydroxyapatite (HA) or strontium doped HA (SrHA) or left empty (sham) All the defects were covered with an extracellular matrix membrane. Defects were harvested after 12h, 3d and 6d for histology/histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and gene expression analyses. Histology revealed new bone, at 6d, in all the defects. Larger amount of bone was observed in the SrHA filled defect. This was in parallel with the reduced expression of osteoclastic genes (CR and CatK) and the osteoblast osteoclast coupling gene (RANKL) in the SrHA defects. Immunohistochemistry indicated fewer osteoclasts in the SrHA defects. The observations of CD68 and periostin expressing cells in the membrane per se indicated that the membrane may contribute to the healing process in the defect. It is concluded that the bone promoting effects of Sr in vivo are mediated by a reduction in catabolic and osteoblast osteoclast coupling processes. The combination of a bioactive membrane and CaP bone substitute material doped with Sr may produce early synergistic effects during GBR.  The study provides novel molecular, cellular and structural evidence on the promotion of early bone regeneration in response to synthetic strontium containing hydroxyapatite (SrHA) substitute, in combination with a resorbable, guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane. The prevailing view, based mainly upon in vitro data, is that the beneficial effects of Sr are exerted by the stimulation of bone forming cells (osteoblasts) and the inhibition of bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) In contrast, the present study demonstrates that the local effect of Sr in vivo is predominantly via the inhibition of osteoclast number and activity and the reduction of osteoblast osteoclast coupling. This experimental data will form the basis for clinical studies, using this material as an interesting bone substitute for guided bone regeneration.
Analisis cuantitativo de la marcha en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson avanzada

Objetivo. Describir las alteraciones de la marcha e inestabilidad postural en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) avanzada. Pacientes y metodos. Se analizo la marcha de pacientes con EP en estadio avanzado on medicacion. Por medio de un sistema de analisis computarizado del movimiento, se estudiaron las variables cinematicas: cadencia, numero de ciclos con apoyo correcto (ciclos HFPS) numero de ciclos totales, duracion de las fases del ciclo, electromiografia, y goniometria de rodilla y tobillo. La valoracion clinica del equilibrio y la inestabilidad postural se completo con los tests Tinetti y Timed Up Go. Resultados. El analisis mostro alteraciones en los parametros espaciotemporales con respecto a los rangos de normalidad: disminucion de los ciclos HFPS, aumento del numero total de ciclos y alteracion de la cadencia en muchos pacientes, y conservacion de la cadencia media dentro de los limites de la normalidad, aumento de la duracion de la fase de apoyo, disminucion del apoyo monopodal y alteracion del rango articular de la rodilla y el tobillo. Asimismo, se observo una alteracion en las puntuaciones obtenidas en las escalas clinicas, que mostraban un aumento del factor de riesgo de caidas y dependencia leve.  La cuantificacion mediante analisis objetivo de las variables cineticas y cinematicas en los pacientes con EP puede emplearse como herramienta para establecer la influencia de las distintas alternativas terapeuticas en el trastorno de la marcha.
Apigenin Ameliorates Dyslipidemia, Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance by Modulating Metabolic and Transcriptional Profiles in the Liver of High Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice
Venue: Nutrients

Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the anti inflammatory, anti diabetic and anti obesity effects of the flavonoid apigenin. However, the long term supplementary effects of low dose apigenin on obesity are unclear. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of apigenin against obesity and related metabolic disturbances by exploring the metabolic and transcriptional responses in high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or apigenin (0.005% w/w) supplemented HFD for 16 weeks. In HFD fed mice, apigenin lowered plasma levels of free fatty acid, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and hepatic dysfunction markers and ameliorated hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly, without altering food intake and adiposity. These effects were partly attributed to upregulated expression of genes regulating fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport chain and cholesterol homeostasis, downregulated expression of lipolytic and lipogenic genes and decreased activities of enzymes responsible for triglyceride and cholesterol ester synthesis in the liver. Moreover, apigenin lowered plasma levels of pro inflammatory mediators and fasting blood glucose. The anti hyperglycemic effect of apigenin appeared to be related to decreased insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes activities. Thus, apigenin can ameliorate HFD induced comorbidities via metabolic and transcriptional modulations in the liver.