nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans
Venue: Current Biology

Current obesity prevention strategies recommend increasing daily physical activity, assuming that increased activity will lead to corresponding increases in total energy expenditure and prevent or reverse energy imbalance and weight gain [1 3] Such Additive total energy expenditure models are supported by exercise intervention and accelerometry studies reporting positive correlations between physical activity and total energy expenditure  but are challenged by ecological studies in humans and other species showing that more active populations do not have higher total energy expenditure [5 8] Here we tested a Constrained total energy expenditure model, in which total energy expenditure increases with physical activity at low activity levels but plateaus at higher activity levels as the body adapts to maintain total energy expenditure within a narrow range. We compared total energy expenditure, measured using doubly labeled water, against physical activity, measured using accelerometry, for a large (n 332) sample of adults living in five populations [9] After adjusting for body size and composition, total energy expenditure was positively correlated with physical activity, but the relationship was markedly stronger over the lower range of physical activity. For subjects in the upper range of physical activity, total energy expenditure plateaued, supporting a Constrained total energy expenditure model. Body fat percentage and activity intensity appear to modulate the metabolic response to physical activity. Models of energy balance employed in public health [1 3] should be revised to better reflect the constrained nature of total energy expenditure and the complex effects of physical activity on metabolic physiology.
Accuracy of Wearable Devices for Estimating Total Energy Expenditure: Comparison With Metabolic Chamber and Doubly Labeled Water Method.
Venue: JAMA internal medicine

Accuracy of Wearable Devices for Estimating Total Energy Expenditure: Comparison With Metabolic Chamber and Doubly Labeled Water Method Accurate estimation of energy expenditure is a key element in determining the relationships between aspects of human behavior, physical activity, and overall health.1,2 Although wearable devices for estimating energy expenditure are becoming increasingly popular, there is little evidence regarding their validity.3,4 This study was performed to examine the validity of total energy expenditure estimates made by several wearable devices compared with gold standard measurements for a standardized day (metabolic chamber method) and free living days (doubly labeled water [DLW] method)
Energy expenditure, economic growth, and the minimum EROI of society

We estimate energy expenditure for the US and world economies from 1850 to 2012. Periods of high energy expenditure relative to GDP (from 1850 to 1945) or spikes (1973 74 and 1978 79) are associated with low economic growth rates, and periods of low or falling energy expenditure are associated with high and rising economic growth rates (e.g. 1945 1973) Over the period 1960 2010 for which we have continuous year to year data for control variables (capital formation, population, and unemployment rate) we estimate that, statistically, in order to enjoy positive growth, the US economy cannot afford to spend more than 11% of its GDP on energy. Given the current energy intensity of the US economy, this translates in a minimum societal EROI of approximately 11:1 (or a maximum tolerable average price of energy of twice the current level) Granger tests consistently reveal a one way causality running from the level of energy expenditure (as a fraction of GDP) to economic growth in the US between 1960 and 2010. A coherent economic policy should be founded on improving net energy efficiency. This would yield a "double dividend" increased societal EROI (through decreased energy intensity of capital investment) and decreased sensitivity to energy price volatility.
Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus encode reward signals
Venue: Nature communications

The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is involved in organizing reward related behaviours; however, it remains unclear how genetically defined neurons in the DRN of a freely behaving animal respond to various natural rewards. Here we addressed this question using fibre photometry and single unit recording from serotonin (5 HT) neurons and GABA neurons in the DRN of behaving mice. Rewards including sucrose, food, sex and social interaction rapidly activate 5 HT neurons, but aversive stimuli including quinine and footshock do not. Both expected and unexpected rewards activate 5 HT neurons. After mice learn to wait for sucrose delivery, most 5 HT neurons fire tonically during waiting and then phasically on reward acquisition. Finally, GABA neurons are activated by aversive stimuli but inhibited when mice seek rewards. Thus, DRN 5 HT neurons positively encode a wide range of reward signals during anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward responses. Moreover, GABA neurons play a complementary role in reward processing.
ANALISIS NORMATIF KRITIS KEBIJAKAN PEMANFATAN OBLIGASI SYARIAH (SUKUK) DALAM MENUTUP DEFISIT APBN

Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis keabsahan pemanfaatan sukuk (obligasi syariah) dalam menutup APBN defisit menurut kajian iE (Islamic Economics) Sebelum tahun anggaran 2008 celah APBN defisit ditutup dengan obligasi (surat utang) konvensional (surat utang berbasis suku bunga) Akan tetapi obligasi syari'ah yang dikenal sukuk (surat utang berbasis bagi hasil) mulai dimanfaatkan. Pemegang sukuk pada periode tertentu akan mendapatkan keuntungan melalui bagi hasil. Secara teoritik, bagi hasil hanya akan muncul jika ada kegiatan komersial/bisnis. APBN adalah dokumen yang menunjukkan kondisi keuangan pemerintah yang menyajikan informasi mengenai pendapatan, pengeluaran, aktivitas dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai. Semua pengeluaran APBN hampir dipastikan diperuntukkan kegiatan konsumtif. Suatu kegiatan konsumsi tidak akan mungkin melahirkan laba/profit. Karenanya pemanfaatan sukuk guna menutup APBN defisit tidak sesuai secara teoritik iE. Tawaran alternatifnya adalah pengintegrasian zakat pada APBN dengan berbagai pertimbangan kritis.
Indoor Air Quality and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) among staff in two different private higher learning institution settings in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor

of this study is to determine the relationship between Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) among staff in two different settings of Private Higher Learning Institutions in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The differences in building setting which are retrofitting and purposed built building may have different IAQ levels and ventilation system efficiency as well as different in number of reported SBS. 120 respondents consist of male and female administrative staff from Building A and B were participated in this cross sectional comparative study. SBS symptoms measured using validated questionnaire from modified IAQ and Work Environment Symptom Survey while IAQ parameters measured using IAQ devices. Result shows that symptoms of SBS which is stuffy or irritated nose (OR=2.99, 95% CI=1.14 7.88) and fatigue, unusual tiredness or drowsiness (OR=2.58, 95% CI=1.12 5.97) shows a significant association in Building A and B. Besides, there was no significant association between the reported SBS with level of IAQ in Building A and B, however Building A shows an insignificant OR with increasing risk of developing SBS among staff office. After controlling the confounder, there was no significant association between reported SBS with indoor air pollutant in Building A, however result shows an increase risk with insignificant OR of developing SBS when exposed to CO2 (OR=1.92, 95%CI=0.49 7.46) temperature (OR=1.54, 95% CI=0.38 6.19) bacteria (OR=1.72, 95% CI=0.46 6.42) and fungi (OR=1.72, 95% CI=0.46 6.42) While for Building B, there is a significant increased risk of developing SBS when exposed to CO2 (OR=1.67, 95%CI=0.42 5.79) temperature (OR=1.49, 95% CI=0.07 32.36) and bacteria (OR=1.29, 95% CI=0.42 3.99) As a conclusion, purposed built building is more suitable for the construction of college compared to retrofitting building since retrofitting building showed higher levels of pollutants which exceed the permissible limit. Thus, a proper maintenance of ventilation systems and good housekeeping should be practiced as well as control the source of IAP in the office.
Damage Detection by Load Path Changes in Reinforced Composite Panels Using Local FBGS and Distributed Sensing

A SHM technique based on the load path changes has been used to identify debondings in two blades st iffened space grade composite panels. These panels have been instrumented with Fiber Bragg Grat ings Sensors, FBGS. The egress of the optical fiber from these panels was made in one panel with pig tails and in the other with embedded optical connectors. Additionally to the local FBGSs, distributed sensors based on the Rayleigh backscattering ffect have been embedded in the skin of the second panel. This se nsor technique assesses the st rains along the entire optical fiber length not only in the stiffeners but also in the skin of the panel. Both techniques have been compared during compression tests of the panels and their ability to detect damage has been evaluated. Very good agreement has been obtained b tween strain meas ures of local and distributed sensing. The distributed sensing technique enables to asses the load path changes very detailed in a global strain ma pping of the entire structure, identifying stiffener breakage, skin/stiffener debondi ng and buckling effects. The distributed sensing has demonstrated its high potential for damage detection of stiffened panels made by fiber placement technology usin g the load path change assessment. _____________ INTA, Area de Materiales Compuestos; Crta. Ajalvir, P.K.4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz (Madrid) Spain, frovelm@inta.es ASTRIUMEADS Casa Espacio,  28022 Madrid, Spain ETSI Aeronauticos, UPM, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain Escuela Universitaria Politecnica La almunia de Dona Godina C\mayor sn la almunia de dona gomina, 50100 Zaragoza (Spain) 6th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring Fr.2.B.2 Licence: http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by nd/3.0 1 M or e in fo a bo ut th is a rt ic le ht tp w w w .n dt .n et id 14 14 7
Alkaline earth organometallic compounds in homogeneous catalysis: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of calcium and magnesium complexes

Homogeneous catalysis has been developed mainly through the use of transition metal complexes. However, transition metal catalysts, often highly toxic, are becoming increasingly rare and consequently more expensive. Therefore, the search for sustainable alternatives is nowadays of great importance. Among early main group metals, alkaline earth metals, especially calcium, seem particularly beneficial from an ecological and economical point of view. Calcium is essentially free of toxicity, very cheap and the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust. This thesis describes the syntheses and structures of novel calcium, magnesium and zinc complexes with the objective of studying their application in homogeneous catalysis. Although alkaline earth metal complexes have been applied in asymmetric catalysis, their applications are limited and multiple possibilities are still to be explored. In that context, chiral phosphoramidites and secondary phosphine oxides are investigated for group 2 based asymmetric catalysis. Another potential application of alkaline earth metal complexes is as catalysts in the transformation of CO2. Hence, the reactivity of phosphorus/magnesium compounds as "frustrated" Lewis acid Lewis base pairs in CO2 activation is studied. In alkaline earth metal based catalysis, the influence of the metal is not clearly established. In order to evaluate its role, group 2 catalysts are replaced by comparable metal free catalysts and tested in intramolecular and intermolecular hydroamination reactions. Based on the results, two group 2 catalytic systems for intramolecular hydroamination are presented. They question the traditional though of group 2 catalytic systems and overcome the great challenge in homogeneous group 2 catalysis, i.e the Schlenk equilibria.
Archaic Hominin Admixture Facilitated Adaptation to Out of Africa Environments
Venue: Current Biology

As modern humans dispersed from Africa throughout the world, they encountered and interbred with archaic hominins, including Neanderthals and Denisovans [1, 2] Although genome scale maps of introgressed sequences have been constructed [3 6] considerable gaps in knowledge remain about the functional, phenotypic, and evolutionary significance of archaic hominin DNA that persists in present day individuals. Here, we describe a comprehensive set of analyses that identified 126 high frequency archaic haplotypes as putative targets of adaptive introgression in geographically diverse populations. These loci are enriched for immune related genes (such as OAS1/2/3, TLR1/6/10, and TNFAIP3) and also encompass genes (including OCA2 and BNC2) that influence skin pigmentation phenotypes. Furthermore, we leveraged existing and novel large scale gene expression datasets to show many positively selected archaic haplotypes act as expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) suggesting that modulation of transcript abundance was a common mechanism facilitating adaptive introgression. Our results demonstrate that hybridization between modern and archaic hominins provided an important reservoir of advantageous alleles that enabled adaptation to out of Africa environments.
ViZig: Anchor Points based Non Linear Navigation and Summarization in Educational Videos
Venue: IUI

Instructional videos are one of the most popular ways of teaching and learning in an online setting. However, navigation in videos is linear as compared to other instructional resources such as textbooks, where a table of topics and a multi faceted index of different anchor points i.e. list of figures, tables aid in efficiently navigating to a desired point of interest. There is a lack of appropriate techniques and interfaces which can support such textbook style navigation in instructional videos. This paper presents a novel approach to automatically localize and classify different anchor points in a video including figures, tables, equations, flowcharts, code snippets and charts. Our approach uses a deep convolution neural network in a semi supervised fashion where the training data is obtained from the unconstrained Internet images. On an anchor point dataset of about 10K images, the proposed algorithm leads to a classification accuracy of 86% Further, we designed a system ViZig that uses these localized anchor points along with a automatically generated list of topics for non linear video navigation and studied its effectiveness in real world. Our user studies with 18 participants establish that the proposed video navigation mechanism provides statistically significant time savings as compared to the popularly used time synched transcript along with youtube style timeline scrubbing.
A Hybrid Document Feature Extraction Method Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Word2Vec
Venue: 2016 IEEE First International Conference on Data Science in Cyberspace (DSC)

Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a probabilistic topic model to discover latent topics from documents and describe each document with a probability distribution over the discovered topics. It defines a global hierarchical relationship from words to a topic and then from topics to a document. Word2Vec is a word embedding model to predict a target word from its surrounding contextual words. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to extract features from documents with bag of distances in a semantic space. By using both Word2Vec and LDA, our hybrid method not only generates the relationships between documents and topics, but also integrates the contextual relationships among words. Experimental results indicate that document features generated by our hybrid method are useful to improve classification performance by consolidating both global and local relationships.
Effects of long range transported air pollution from vegetation fires on daily mortality and hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland.
Venue: Environmental research

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from vegetation fires can be transported over long distances and may cause significant air pollution episodes far from the fires. However, epidemiological evidence on health effects of vegetation fire originated air pollution is limited, particularly for mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.  We examined association between short term exposure to long range transported PM2.5 from vegetation fires and daily mortality due to non accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory causes and daily hospital admissions due to cardiovascular and respiratory causes in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland.  Days significantly affected by smoke from vegetation fires between 2001 and 2010 were identified using air quality measurements at an urban background and a regional background monitoring station, and modelled data on surface concentrations of vegetation fire smoke. Associations between daily PM2.5 concentration and health outcomes on i) smoke affected days and ii) all other days (i.e. non smoke days) were analysed using Poisson time series regression. All statistical models were adjusted for daily temperature and relative humidity, influenza, pollen, and public holidays.  On smoke affected days, 10ug/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a borderline statistically significant increase in cardiovascular mortality among total population at a lag of three days (12.4% 95% CI 0.2% to 26.5% and among the elderly =65 years) following same day exposure (13.8% 95% CI 0.6% to 30.4% and at a lag of three days (11.8% 95% CI 2.2% to 27.7% Smoke day PM2.5 was not associated with non accidental mortality or hospital admissions due to cardiovascular causes. However, there was an indication of a positive association with hospital admissions due to respiratory causes among the elderly, and admissions due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma among the total population. In contrast, on non smoke days PM2.5 was generally not associated with the health outcomes, apart from suggestive small positive effects on non accidental mortality at a lag of one day among the elderly and hospital admissions due to all respiratory causes following same day exposure among the total population.  Our research provides suggestive evidence for an association of exposure to long range transported PM2.5 from vegetation fires with increased cardiovascular mortality, and to a lesser extent with increased hospital admissions due to respiratory causes. Hence, vegetation fire originated air pollution may have adverse effects on public health over a distance of hundreds to thousands of kilometres from the fires.
The Pontic Shield: Partial Extraction Therapy for Ridge Preservation and Pontic Site Development.
Venue: The International journal of periodontics restorative dentistry

Augmentive ridge preservation techniques aim to manage the postextraction ridge. The partial extraction of teeth may better preserve the ridge form by maintaining the bundle bone periodontal ligament apparatus. Root submergence has been demonstrated to retain the periodontal tissues and preserve the ridge beneath dentures or fixed prostheses. The socket shield technique entails preparing a tooth root section simultaneous to immediate implant placement and has demonstrated histologic and clinical results contributory to esthetic implant treatment. A retrospective 10 patient case series treating 14 partial extraction sites demonstrates how a modification of the socket shield technique can successfully develop pontic sites and preserve the ridge.
Purely Corpus based Automatic Conversation Authoring
Venue: LREC

This paper presents an automatic corpus based process to author an open domain conversational strategy usable both in chatterbot systems and as a fallback strategy for out of domain human utterances. Our approach is implemented on a corpus of television drama subtitles. This system is used as a chatterbot system to collect a corpus of 41 open domain textual dialogues with 27 human participants. The general capabilities of the system are studied through objective measures and subjective self reports in terms of understandability, repetition and coherence of the system responses selected in reaction to human utterances. Subjective evaluations of the collected dialogues are presented with respect to amusement, engagement and enjoyability. The main factors influencing those dimensions in our chatterbot experiment are discussed.
Potential link between excess added sugar intake and ectopic fat: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Venue: Nutrition reviews

The effect of added sugar intake on ectopic fat accumulation is a subject of debate.  A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to examine the potential effect of added sugar intake on ectopic fat depots.  MEDLINE, CAB Abstracts, CAB Global Health, and EBM (Evidence Based Medicine) Reviews Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for studies published from 1973 to September 2014.  RCTs with a minimum of 6 days' duration of added sugar exposure in the intervention group were selected. The dosage of added sugar intake as a percentage of total energy was extracted or calculated. Means and standard deviations of pre and post test measurements or changes in ectopic fat depots were collected.  Fourteen RCTs were included. Most of the studies had a medium to high risk of bias. Meta analysis showed that, compared with eucaloric controls, subjects who consumed added sugar under hypercaloric conditions likely increased ectopic fat, particularly in the liver (pooled standardized mean difference 0.9 [95%CI, 0.6 1.2] n 6) and muscles (pooled SMD 0.6 [95%CI, 0.2 1.0] n 4) No significant difference was observed in liver fat, visceral adipose tissue, or muscle fat when isocaloric intakes of different sources of added sugars were compared.  Data from a limited number of RCTs suggest that excess added sugar intake under hypercaloric diet conditions likely increases ectopic fat depots, particularly in the liver and in muscle fat. There are insufficient data to compare the effect of different sources of added sugars on ectopic fat deposition or to compare intake of added sugar with intakes of other macronutrients. Future well designed RCTs with sufficient power and duration are needed to address the role of sugars on ectopic fat deposition.
Additive Smoothing for Relevance Based Language Modelling of Recommender Systems
Venue: CERI

The use of Relevance Based Language Models for top N recommendation has become a promising line of research. Previous works have used collection based smoothing methods for this task. However, a recent analysis on RM1 (an estimation of Relevance Based Language Models) in document retrieval showed that this type of smoothing methods demote the IDF effect in pseudo relevance feedback. In this paper, we claim that the IDF effect from retrieval is closely related to the concept of novelty in recommendation. We perform an axiomatic analysis of the IDF effect on RM2 concluding that this kind of smoothing methods also demotes the IDF effect in recommendation. By axiomatic analysis, we find that a collection agnostic method, Additive smoothing, does not demote this property. Our experiments confirm that this alternative improves the accuracy, novelty and diversity figures of the recommendations.