nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of long term application of corn stalks and inorganic fertilizers on fluorescence characteristics of water extractable organic matter in a meadow black soil of northeast China

Returning crop residues into fields, either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer, is considered as a practical way to enhance soil fertility. However, information concerning the effects of crop residues and inorganic fertilizer application on water extractable organic matter (WEOM) in soil is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the 10 year effect of corn residue (CR) return with or without the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizer on the quantity and quality of WEOM in a black soil of northeast China by means of ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence excitation emission matrix, and derived spectroscopic indices. The application of NPK fertilizers and CR, alone or together, increased the content of total soil organic carbon (SOC) water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and ratio of WEOC/SOC, with the sequence being NPK CR CR NPK CK. Compared with control treatment, the individual application of NPK fertilizer decreased the aromaticity of WEOM. In contrast, elevated proportion of tryptophan like fluorophore and microbially derived fulvic acid like components with low molecular weight was detected in the WEOM. The amendment with CR alone resulted in increase in aromaticity of WEOM and proportion of plant derived humic acid like component with large molecular weight, accompanied by reduced proportion of tyrosine like compounds. For the soil with CR restoration, the application of NPK fertilizer increased aromaticity of WEOM, and large molecular weight fulvic acid like and humic acid like compounds were found. However, the proportions of tyrosine like and tryptophan like compounds were diminished. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of WEOM using fluorescence spectroscopy describes responses to be observed in long term different fertilization strategies.
Endothelial dysfunction may play a key role in keloid and hypertrophic scar pathogenesis Keloids and hypertrophic scars may be vascular disorders.
Venue: Medical hypotheses

Keloids and hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative disorders (FPDs) of the skin that result from abnormal healing of injured or irritated skin. They can be called pathological or inflammatory scars. Common causes are trauma, burn, surgery, vaccination, skin piercing, folliculitis, acne, and herpes zoster infection. The pathogenesis of these scars clearly involves local conditions such as delayed wound healing, wound depth, and the tension of the skin around the scars. Scar severity is also shaped by interactions between these local factors and genetic and systemic factors such as hypertension and sex hormones. Notably, to evaluate scar severity, the Japan Scar Workshop (JSW) has established the JSW Scar Scale. Our studies show that tension on the skin around the wound results in prolonged and/or repeated bouts of inflammation in the reticular layer of the dermis and that this inflammation generates abnormal numbers of blood vessels (as well as collagen and nerve fibers) in the dermal reticular layer. We hypothesize that local factors, such as the mechanobiology of the dermis and blood vessels, along with genetic and systemic factors promote pathological scar development by inducing endothelial dysfunction (i.e. vascular hyperpermeability) during the inflammatory stage of wound healing. The continued presence of these factors prolongs the influx of inflammatory cells and factors, thereby leading to fibroblast dysfunction. Evidence for this hypothesis includes the fact that all effective treatments of keloids, namely, radiotherapy, compression therapy, steroid administration, and long pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy, act, at least partly, by suppressing blood vessels. At present, keloids are classified as strongly inflammatory scars, while hypertrophic scars are considered to be mildly inflammatory scars. However, we propose that keloids and hypertrophic scars are simply manifestations of the same skin FPD and differ only in the degree of endothelial dysfunction and therefore inflammation. We therefore suggest that these pathological scars should be classified on the basis of the factor that causes the endothelial dysfunction. Thus, primary scars are caused by congenital endothelial dysfunction (e.g. a mutation prevents endothelial gaps from closing smoothly) while secondary scars are caused by endothelial dysfunction that results from aging, arterial sclerosis, and/or repeated/very strong local mechanical forces. We expect that primary keloids develop at younger ages and tend to become severe, while secondary keloids are seen in all ages and can vary in clinical severity. Thus, abnormal blood vessel regulation may underlie keloid and hypertrophic scar pathogenesis, which suggests that inhibiting abnormal angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability may be an important therapeutic approach.
Effect of cultivars and season on grafting success in sapota under Paschim Midnapur conditions of West Bengal.

Two sets of experiments were carried out during 2007 08 to assess incompatibility of sapota cultivars to softwood grafting, and to find out the best time for softwood grafting, in a private orchard at Jhargram of Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal. Considerable variation in success of softwood grafting among sapota cultivars was observed. Among ten cultivars studied, CO 2 showed highest compatibility with Khirnee rootstock to softwood grafting, followed by Cricket Ball and DSH 2. There was a total failure in graft take in cultivars CO 1, DSH 1 and Guthi. Softwood grafting success was highest in sapota when carried out on 1 st July (72% followed by 15 th August (70% 5 th June (62% and 15 th June (56%
Transient cooling effect analyses for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with phase change material packaging

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely involved in more electric aircrafts and all electric aircrafts. But the cooling strategy of the PMSM is still a challenge for the designers. This paper proposed a novel thermal management approach with phase change material (PCM) for a PMSM applied in the actuator systems of aircraft. A simplified 3D model of the PMSM with a special casing packaged by paraffin PCM was built. With the finite element method, the impact of paraffin cavity configurations and the paraffin types on the transient cooling effect of the casings have been simulated and analyzed under conditions of various heat load duty cycles and different ambient temperatures. The results suggest that, by replacing the convectional motor casing with this paraffin based enclosure, the effective time for the PMSM temperature control could be prolonged by approximate 32.7% when the motor works under a continuous mode, and the peak temperature of the PMSM could be decreased evidently when the PMSM operates under a periodic mode.
Determination of polar pesticides in olive oil and olives by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and high resolution mass spectrometry.
Venue: Talanta

This article reports the development of two HPLC MS methods for the determination of polar pesticides in olive oil and olive samples by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) separation followed by mass spectrometry detection with tandem mass spectrometry using a triple quadrupole instrument operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode (HILIC MS/MS) or electrospray time of flight mass spectrometry (HILIC TOFMS) The selected polar pesticides included in the study were: amitrol, cyromazine, diquat, paraquat, mepiquat, trimethylsulfonium (trimesium, glyphosate counterion) and fosetyl aluminium. The simple sample treatment procedure was based on liquid partitioning with methanol. The performance of the sample extraction was evaluated in terms of recovery rates and matrix effects in both olive oil and olives matrices. The results obtained for olive oil were satisfactory while, due to the high complexity of olives, poor recovery rates were obtained for the extraction of diquat, paraquat and amitrol, although with a reasonable precision enabling its use in routine analysis. Similarly, matrix effects were minor in the case of olive oil (ca. 20% suppression average) while significantly higher suppression was observed for olives (30 50% suppression average) The studied approaches were found to be useful for the determination of the pesticides studied in olive oil and olives with limits of quantitation below 5ugkg( 1) in most cases when tandem mass spectrometry was used, thus being in compliance with MRLs set by current EU regulation.
On the Drivers and Predictability of Seasonal to Interannual Variations in Regional Sea Level

AbstractObservations and eddy permitting ocean model simulations are used to evaluate the drivers of sea level variability associated with 15 modes of climate variability covering the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern Oceans. Sea level signals are decomposed into barotropic, steric, and inverted barometer contributions. Forcings are decomposed into surface winds, buoyancy fluxes, and Ekman pumping. Seasonal to interannual sea level variability in the low latitudes is governed almost entirely by the thermosteric response to wind forcing associated with tropical modes of climate variability. In the extratropics, changes to dynamic sea level associated with atmospheric modes of variability include a substantial barotropic response to wind forcing, particularly over the continental shelf seas. However, wind driven steric changes are also important in some locations. On interannual time scales, wind forced steric changes dominate, although heat and freshwater fluxes are important in the northwest
Annual Sea Level Changes on the North American Northeast Coast: Influence of Local Winds and Barotropic Motions

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between coastal sea level and the variable ocean circulation is crucial for interpreting tide gauge records and projecting sea level rise. In this study, annual sea level records (adjusted for the inverted barometer effect) from tide gauges along the North American northeast coast over 1980 2010 are compared to a set of data assimilating ocean reanalysis products as well as a global barotropic model solution forced with wind stress and barometric pressure. Correspondence between models and data depends strongly on model and location. At sites north of Cape Hatteras, the barotropic model shows as much (if not more) skill than ocean reanalyses, explaining about 50% of the variance in the adjusted annual tide gauge sea level records. Additional numerical experiments show that annual sea level changes along this coast from the barotropic model are driven by local wind stress over the continental shelf and slope. This result is interpreted in the light of a simple dynamic.
Resilience: A psychobiological construct for psychiatric disorders
Venue: Indian journal of psychiatry

Understanding of psychopathology of mental disorder is evolving, particularly with availability of newer insight from the field of genetics, epigenetics, social, and environmental pathology. It is now becoming clear how biological factors are contributing to development of an illness in the face of a number of psychosocial factors. Resilience is a psychobiological factor which determines individual's response to adverse life events. Resilience is a human capacity to adapt swiftly and successfully to stressful/traumatic events and manage to revert to a positive state. It is fundamental for growth of positive psychology which deals with satisfaction, adaptability, contentment, and optimism in people's life. Of late, there has been a paradigm shift in the understanding of resilience in context of stress risk vulnerability dimension. It is a neurobiological construct with significant neurobehavioral and emotional features which plays important role in deconstructing mechanism of biopsychosocial model of mental disorders. Resilience is a protective factor against development of mental disorder and a risk factor for a number of clinical conditions, e.g. suicide. Available information from scientific studies points out that resilience is modifiable factor which opens up avenues for a number of newer psychosocial as well as biological therapies. Early identification of vulnerable candidates and effectiveness of resilience based intervention may offer more clarity in possibility of prevention. Future research may be crucial for preventive psychiatry. In this study, we aim to examine whether resilience is a psychopathological construct for mental disorder.
Compulsive Buying Behavior: Clinical Comparison with Other Behavioral Addictions
Venue: Front. Psychol.

Compulsive buying behavior (CBB) has been recognized as a prevalent mental health disorder, yet its categorization into classification systems remains unsettled. The objective of this study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinic variables related to the CBB phenotype compared to other behavioral addictions. Three thousand three hundred and twenty four treatment seeking patients were classified in five groups: CBB, sexual addiction, Internet gaming disorder, Internet addiction, and gambling disorder. CBB was characterized by a higher proportion of women, higher levels of psychopathology, and higher levels in the personality traits of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, persistence, and cooperativeness compared to other behavioral addictions. Results outline the heterogeneity in the clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with different behavioral addiction subtypes and shed new light on the primary mechanisms of CBB.
The value of cytochemical stains in the diagnosis of acute leukemia

acute leukemia(AL) represents a clonal expansion and arrest at specific stage of normal myeloid or lymphoid hematopiosis that result in accumulation of malignant blast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Cytochemical stains play an important role in the diagnosis, classification and differentiation of acute leukemia.  the aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of cytochemical stains in the diagnosis of acute leukemia compared to immunophenotyping by flowcytometry.  Myeloperoxidase (MPO) Sudan Black B(SBB) Non Specific Esterase(NSE) and Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stains were done on thirty newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients admitted at the Alexandria University hospitals. Fifteen age matched healthy controls were included in the study.  The present study showed that Cytochemical stains (MPO, SBB, PAS and NSE) when coupled with morphology accurately diagnosed 93.3% of acute leukemiacases. A total of 13/15 (86.7% ALL cases and 15/15 (100% AML cases could be diagnosed correctly. MPO showed significant positive association with CD13 and CD33 and significant negative association with CD10, CD19 and CD2. SBB had significant positive association with CD13 and CD33 and negative association with CD 10 and CD19. NSE showed positive association with CD14 and negative associationwith CD13. PAS had only positive association with CD5.  Cytochemical stains( namely MPO and SBB) are useful in the diagnosisof acute leukemia specially AML cases, their importance is particularly of value in developing countries as they are simple and do not need special equipments or highly trained persons.
Spatial heterogeneity of soil biochar content affects soil quality and wheat growth and yield.
Venue: The Science of the total environment

Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material obtained by pyrolysis of organic waste materials and has been proposed as a soil management strategy to mitigate global warming and to improve crop productivity. Once BC has been applied to the soil, its imperfect and incomplete mixing with soil during the first few years and the standard agronomic practices (i.e. tillage, sowing) may generate spatial heterogeneity of the BC content in the soil, which may have implications for soil properties and their effects on plant growth. We investigated how, after two agronomic seasons, the spatial heterogeneity of olive tree prunings BC applied to a vertisol affected soil characteristics and wheat growth and yield. During the second agronomic season and just before wheat germination, we determined the BC content in the soil by an in situ visual categorization based on the soil darkening, which was strongly correlated to the BC content of the soil and the soil brightness. We found a high spatial heterogeneity in the BC plots, which affected soil characteristics and wheat growth and yield. Patches with high BC content showed reduced soil compaction and increased soil moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient availability (P, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, and Zn) consequently, wheat had greater tillering and higher relative growth rate and grain yield. However, if the spatial heterogeneity of the soil BC content had not been taken into account in the data analysis, most of the effects of BC on wheat growth would not have been detected. Our study reveals the importance of taking into account the spatial heterogeneity of the BC content.
Local Color, Global "Color" Langston Hughes, the Black Atlantic, and Soviet Central Asia, 1932

In 1993, Paul Gilroy published a fine book, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, which provided the world of black cultural studies a vivid example of Arthur Koestler's observation that the more original a discovery is, the more obvious it seems afterwards. The obviousness of Gilroy's thesis in short, that there exists and has existed in this century a black culture that is neither African, Caribbean, American, nor European, but is rather all of these at once and more and the lucidity with which Gilroy expresses it, is bespoken by the fact that in the short time since his book appeared, the designation "Black Atlantic" has come rapidly to be a key analytic term in African and Afro diasporic cultural studies. Gilroy sustains his Black Atlantic thesis by means of a handful of close readings of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, W. E. B. Du Bois, Richard Wright, and others and frames those readings with rich theoretical discussion. In this fashion he issues a double set of double invitations. First, Gilroy's work invites us to look more closely at our books: that is, to pursue more close readings in, and further nuanced theories of, the texts that constitute the Black Atlantic. Second, Gilroy's work invites us to reassess our maps: how we subdivide the world, and do what I call geo/graphy. Gilroy argues that static maps or fixed geographical distinctions are of little use for analysis of Black Atlantic cultures, since what animates them is not only what takes place "inside" their borders, and not only what has come "originally" from Africa, but also what has taken place among them: the several centuries of their noncentric criss crossings, returns, networks, paths, interactions, links, and, importantly, their interplays with Europe. Thus from a Black Atlantic perspective one is compelled to think more deeply about Senghor in France (his Europhilia is surely more than just a "defect" Alex Haley in The Gambia, the Caribbean all over, and more. Gilroy's thesis is admittedly large, and despite its range of reference, his writing of it leaves out some major pieces, including the Lusoand HispanoAfrodiaspora an omission he admits (Lott 77 78) and Africa "itself," about which he seems unfortunately less concerned. With all that in mind, within the confines of this essay I will not pretend to comprehensively assess his book. Rather, in the pages that follow, I will pursue the challenge offered to the notion of the Black
Difficult diasporas: the transnational feminist aesthetic of the black Atlantic

critique of misogyny and patriarchy to be consistent with all men, when white supremacy, through an intersectional framework, differentiates how patriarchy is produced by white men and men of color. in concluding the first section, wright contends that blackness needs to be thought of as a seemingly infinite perspective with a multitude of viewpoints. The second half of Physics of Blackness is where wright demonstrates that both linear space time and epiphenomenal time is needed to understand how multidimensional blackness is. wright does this through the work of James Baldwin, who in her opinion 'is an exemplar of multidimensional Blackness that defies any attempt to make it follow a straight line' (109) Through Baldwin's Notes of a Native Son, readers find that Baldwin's multidimensional approach allows him to critique the archetypical linear space time portrayals of Black men in Richard wright's Native Son, while illuminating the complexities of what it means to be Black, American, and Black American for Black people in the United States. Through Michelle wright, the reader sees how Baldwin depicts 'the individual in the 'now' [as] the site of interaction for an understanding of blackness' (111) However, as much praise as wright has for Baldwin, she is quick to remind the reader that his use of blackness was often vertical or hierarchal in scope. For Baldwin, the subject of his stories rarely engaged women. Although wright's intervention is steeped within literary discourse, it's important to place blackness within the material conditions that Black people or African Americans experience. This is especially important given our current post racial society that seeks to dismiss blackness as counterproductive to multiculturalism. For geographers, and others, who are not familiar with African American studies, they will find Physics of Blackness theoretically rich with concepts that can be applied to scholarship around race and gender.
Rock mass rating and Kinematic analysis for slope stability investigation of Utari dam, Lalitpur district, Uttar Pradesh
Venue: Journal of the Geological Society of India

Rock mass characterization of Utari dam in Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh was done to identify different stability classes of rock mass. For better stability of Utari dam, foundation conditions were carefully studied by detailed field investigations of the site supplemented by laboratory tests. During feasibility and preliminary stages, rock mass characterization of slopes was conducted to identify the vulnerable zones of failure. Rock mass characterization was done by compilation of information obtained from intact rock as well as from rock mass to determine its grade and long term slope stability of the site. On the basis of Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) slope stability is identified which lies under good quality rock mass. Kinematic analysis was conducted to find out the probability for different types of structurally controlled slope failure. Microscopic analyses were conducted to identify the degree of chemical alteration of feldspar. Clay formation by sericitization along joint planes is harmful for the stability of dam structure. Remedial measures must be taken to reduce the extent of chemical alteration. Granitoids at dam site forms a compact and stable foundation consisting of four sets of joints in which two sets were prominent which are dipping on the upstream side of the dam which reveals good condition on the dam site as leakage from reservoir will be minimum and least up thrust on the dam structure.