nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Runoff Simulation of Shipra river basin using AWBM RRL Toolkit

73 www.erpublication.org  Rainfall Runoff simulation of any basin plays an important role for any civil engineering project and proper planning and management of the water resources. Runoff estimation in catchment is a serious challenge for the hydrologist where most of the watersheds are ungauged. Various approaches for runoff estimation are available ranging from lumped to physically based distributed models. This paper describes the use of RRL AWBM (Rainfall Runoff Library Australian Water Balance Method Model) to investigate its performance, efficiency and suitability in Shipra river basin in Madhya Pradesh, India. The AWBM is a catchment water balance model capable of simulating runoff using daily or hourly rainfall data. AWBM model was developed using daily weighted rainfall, evapotranspiration and observed runoff time series of 11 years period from 1996 to 2006. The model was calibrated for the six years period from 1996 to 2001 and validated for five years period from 2002 to 2006. The reliability and performance of AWBM model was evaluated based on Accuracy criteria such as Coefficient of determination (R) Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency Index (EI) Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) The coefficient of determination R value for calibration and validation period was observed 0.656 and 0.496 respectively indicating good agreement between the observed and simulated runoff. The Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (EI) for calibration and validation is 65.40% and 48.40% respectively. The model was found suitable for Shipra basin in predicting daily runoff with good degree of accuracy.
Remotely Piloted Innovation: Terrorism, Drones and Supportive Technology

In early October 2016, the group that calls itself the Islamic State killed two Kurdish soldiers with an explosive device hidden inside a drone. While terrorist groups have long had a fascination with drones and experimented with their use, the incident was a first for a terror group, and it potentially represents the leading edge of a wave of similar incidents that could follow in the months, years and decades ahead. Much has been made of the threat of terror use of drones, but little empirical and historical work has been done to support our understanding of this phenomenon and its evolution. This report seeks to address this gap by providing a review of, and framework to situate, cases in which terrorist entities have either shown a substantive interest in drones or have used them. It evaluates both individual use cases and the activity of groups that have used drones frequently enough to constitute their having a program. These cases are then complemented by a review of the creative ways that private citizens have used drones, in order to provide decisionmakers with a firmer baseline of both demonstrated terror capability and what lies within the immediate realm of possibility, given what has already been achieved by others. This report also includes an overview of new technologies that are likely to further complicate the scope of this developing threat.
THE ROLE OF THE TAX SYSTEM AND SOCIAL SECURITY TRANSFERS IN REDUCING INCOME INEQUALITY: THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

The purpose and research objective of this paper are to provide an insight into the role and efTh ciency of the tax system and social security transfers in reducing income inequality in Croatia. The conception of analysis is based on the explanation of the tax system, pension insurance and the welfare system in Croatia and a comparison of these systems to similar ones in other EU member states. The main Th nding is that the system of social security transfers in Croatia is efTh cient enough but there is still a need to improve its impact. The underlying ideas of this research are manifold. Firstly, the idea of this research is that by using exiting previous surveys and available data, one can compare the effect of the tax and social policies in Croatia. Secondly, by dividing the government effort into taxation and transfer payment, this research contributes to a better understanding of the effect of each speciTh c policy. Thirdly, the discussion in the paper of the optimal policy is used to help examine the effect of the government actions, which is an important step in the amelioration of the government policies.
Comparing the effects of Valsalva maneuver and ice massage at Hoku point methods on pain intensity within the needle insertion to the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for patients undergoing hemodialysis in the selected hospitals in Isfahan in 2015

Pain is an unpleasant feeling and it is called as the fifth vital sign. Fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients is a very stressful and painful process. Nurses can help to relieve pain with the use of non pharmacological pain management therapies, independently. This study was conducted aimed to compare and determine the effects of Valsalva maneuver and ice massage at Hoku point on pain intensity during cannulation of arteriovenous fistula in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study was conducted on 70 hemodialysis patients who were selected by convenience sampling in two Amin Medical Center and Hazrat e Zahra e Marziye Hospital in Isfahan and were placed in two groups of Valsalva maneuver and ice massage. Data collecting was performed using an interview questionnaire developed by the researcher, Abbey pain scale and numerical pain rating. Data analysis was done using the descriptive and analytic tests in SPSS software version 20. Mann Whitney results showed that there was no significant difference in objective pain rate between two groups after intervention (P=0.73) Also this test showed that after intervention, objective pain rate in Valsalva maneuver group is significantly less than ice massage group (p=0.04) Valsalva maneuver method compared to ice massage method reduces the objective pain due to cannulation of arteriovenous fistula in patients undergoing hemodialysis, more efficiently.
A Maps of meaning hatasa a kulturalis foldrajzra The impact of "Maps of meaning" on cultural geography

A kulturalis foldrajz a magyar foldrajztudomany egyik legelhanyagoltabb terulete. Az erdeklodes teljes hianyarol nem beszelhetunk, ugyanakkor a temaval foglalkozo hazai tanulmanyok nem visznek kozelebb a kortars kulturalis foldrajz nemzetkozi trendjeihez, melyek annak tudomanytorteneteben gyokereznek. A Carl Ortwin Sauer nevevel femjelzett un. Berkeley iskola tevekenysege a 20. szazad derekara az amerikai tarsadalomfoldrajz vezeto iranyzatava emelte a kulturalis foldrajzot. A masodik vilaghaboru utani tudomanyos sulyponteltolodasok azonban marginalizaltak az iranyzatot, amely a kesobbi evtizedek soran eltavolodott a tudomanyterulet fosodratol. A hetvenes evek vegetol a brit kulturalis tanulmanyok altal inspiralva tobb fiatal tarsadalom foldrajzos is elegedetlenseget fejezte ki a kulturalis foldrajz akkori felfogasaval szemben, elsosorban annak elmeleti hianyossagait kritizalva. Ezen a tudomanyos szinteren irodott az uj iranyzat elso nagy, osszefoglalo jellegu munkaja, Peter Jackson Maps of meaning cimu konyve (A jelentes terkepei, 1989) amely ma is a kulturalis foldrajz egyik alapmuvenek szamit. A tanulmanyban bemutatom a mu keletkezesenek korulmenyeit, kulonos tekintettel elkeszitesenek szokatlan modjara, majd vazolom az altala kepviselt iranyzat jelentoseget a korabeli tudomanyos vilagban. A mu narrativ strukturajanak elemzesevel feltarom nepszerusegenek okait, vegul huszonhet ev tavlatabol megvizsgalom a kulturalis foldrajzra kifejtett hatasat.
Go Home Jamie: reframing consumer choice

Developing arguments originally set out in Maps of Meaning (Jackson, 1989) this provocation challenges current framings of 'consumer choice' where individuals and families (and working class mothers in particular) are held to account for the consequences of their dietary decisions; where a deficit model is applied to debates about cooking skills and parenting practices; and where media celebrities like Jamie Oliver take it upon themselves to 'teach a town to cook' It is argued that these positions are ideological in character, invoking moralized judgements about contemporary consumer practice and raising questions about what Massey (2004) refers to as 'geographies of responsibility' Starting with an analysis of the ideological 'maps' that underpinned a key moment in Jamie's Ministry of Food (broadcast in 2008) the paper explores the way these ideologies have informed a new cultural politics of food, associated with the current 'age of austerity' The paper also draws out the spatialities of these issues in terms of the way they (re)constitute the domestic sphere of everyday food consumption as a specific site of
Provocations of the present: what culture for what geography?

Cultural geography finds itself in a very different place from when Peter Jackson's Maps of Meaning first appeared in 1989. Provocations for culturally attuned spatial thinking made at that time have either altered or at least been significantly reframed when issues of wider public engagement, collaborative arts practice and new ICT based social and creative media are changing the terrain on which cultural geography is made and practiced. We introduce a collection of 11 short essays that set to provoke questions relating to cultural geography today. The essays stem from the Doreen Massey Annual Event 'Provocations of the Present: What Culture for What Geography? that took place at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK, in June 2014. We are not suggesting that there is a 'malaise' requiring revitalization, neither are we proposing a single best way forwards. Rather we suggest that a collective focus on how cultural geography can remain a lively place from which to engage with might provide a moment in which the diversity of cultural geography would be profitably mobilized for the future. In this introduction, we encourage geographers to think about where cultural geography is and where it is headed by considering three areas of interest: dis/locating provocations; re/defining culture; and changing geographies.
Humanitarian logistics network design under mixed uncertainty
Venue: Eur. J. Oper. Res.

In this paper, we address a two echelon humanitarian logistics network design problem involving multiple central warehouses (CWs) and local distribution centers (LDCs) and develop a novel two stage scenario based possibilistic stochastic programming (SBPSP) approach. The research is motivated by the urgent need for designing a relief network in Tehran in preparation for potential earthquakes to cope with the main logistical problems in pre and post disaster phases. During the first stage, the locations for CWs and LDCs are determined along with the prepositioned inventory levels for the relief supplies. In this stage, inherent uncertainties in both supply and demand data as well as the availability level of the transportation network's routes after an earthquake are taken into account. In the second stage, a relief distribution plan is developed based on various disaster scenarios aiming to minimize: total distribution time, the maximum weighted distribution time for the critical items, total cost of unused inventories and weighted shortage cost of unmet demands. A tailored differential evolution (DE) algorithm is developed to find good enough feasible solutions within a reasonable CPU time. Computational results using real data reveal promising performance of the proposed SBPSP model in comparison with the existing relief network in Tehran. The paper contributes to the literature on optimization based design of relief networks under mixed possibilistic stochastic uncertainty and supports informed decision making by local authorities in increasing resilience of urban areas to natural disasters.
The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide

The Rohingyas: Inside Myanmar's Hidden Genocide adalah hasil karya sarjana dari Britain, Azeem Ibrahim. Buku yang berjumlah 235 halaman ini terdapat di pasaran antarabangsa tetapi ia diharamkan di Myanmar. Karya ini mempunyai tujuh bab yang dimulai dengan sejarah awal pembentukan Myanmar (dan etnik Rohingya) hingga keadaan terkini etnik Rohingya pada tahun 2015. Ibrahim merungkai latar belakang Arakan sebagai sebuah wilayah yang bersempadan antara Burma1 dan Bengal. Menurut sejarah dari abad ke lapan hingga abad ke sebelas, Kerajaan Vesali mendominasi pemerintahan Arakan. Masyarakatnya berketurunan Hindu dan Buddha Mahayana dengan Bahasa rasmi dipengaruhi oleh budaya Indo Aryan. Pembentukan masyarakat bernegara bermula semasa pemerintahan Dinasti MraukU, yang menganuti Theravada Buddhisme dan menggunakan bahasa mirip dengan Bahasa Burma. Jajahan Dinasti Mrauk termasuklah Lembah Irrawaddi, namun, kuasanya adalah sangat terbatas. Hal ini kerana sebahagian besar kawasan pemerintahannya terletak di lembah gunung. Manakala kebanyakan kawasan pergunungan pula didiami oleh kaum pribumi etnolingustik dan mereka tinggal secara berpuak tanpa pengaruh luar. Kuasa pusat secara relatifnya berdasarkan kepada kawalan ke atas masyarakat dan bukannya wilayah seperti yang difahami dalam konsep pembentukan negara moden. Raja di Burma pada ketika itu tidak mementingkan keturunan etnik dalam pembentukan masyarakat negaranya. Perkara yang sama juga berlaku di wilayah Arakan, di mana kedinamikan etnik dalam sistem bermasyarakat tidak hanya mementingkan kepada satu agama atau bangsa. Di Arakan, pemimpinpemimpin mereka bersikap terbuka kepada semua bentuk budaya dan agama. Ibrahim secara jelas menyatakan bahawa beliau bersependapat dengan Michael Charney, seorang sejarawan, bahawa konflik etnik dan pergolakan agama adalah disebabkan campur tangan British. Kesan penjajahan dan dasar British yang mentadbir wilayah berdasarkan ras, agama dan etnik menyebabkan berlakunya kepincangan dalam sistem masyarakat majmuk di Burma. Pihak British juga berjaya merenggangkan hubungan antara etnik di Burma dengan memisahkan sistem perekonomian, tenaga kerja pentadbiran dan ketenteraan berdasarkan pengkelasan etnik yang berlainan. Contohnya memisahkan etnik Chin dan Kachin yang tinggal di kawasan berbukit dengan mengecilkan hubungan ekonomi antara kumpulan dan merekrut tentera bagi tujuan untuk melaga lagakan. Menurut Ibrahim lagi, setelah merdeka hampir 14 tahun daripada British pada 1948, pentadbiran Burma diambil alih oleh U Nu. Aspirasi U Nu untuk menyatupadukan etnik dan membentuk sebuah negara demokrasi di Myanmar menemui kegagalan. Hal ini kerana masyarakat Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics Strategic Studies, Vol. 45 (2) (December 2018) 414 417 Centre For Policy and Global Governance (GAP) UKM; ISSN 2180 0251 (electronic) 0126 5644 (paper)
Training load injury paradox: is greater preseason participation associated with lower in season injury risk in elite rugby league players?
Venue: British Journal of Sports Medicine

To determine whether players who completed a greater number of planned preseason training sessions were more or less likely to be injured during the competitive season.  A cohort of 30 elite rugby league players was prospectively studied during their 17 week preseason and 26 round competitive season. Injuries were recorded using a match time loss definition. Preseason participation was quantified as the number of 'full' training sessions that players completed, excluding modified, rehabilitation or missed sessions. In season training load variables, collected using global positioning system (GPS) data, included distance covered (m) high speed distance covered (m) and the percentage of distance covered at high speeds Multilevel logistic regression models were used to determine injury likelihood in the current and subsequent week, with random intercepts for each player. Odds ratios (OR) were used as effect size measures to determine the changes in injury likelihood with (1) a 10 session increase in preseason training participation or (2) standardised changes in training load variables.  Controlling for training load in a given week, completing 10 additional preseason sessions was associated with a 17% reduction in the odds of injury in the subsequent week (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.70 to 0.99) Increased preseason participation was associated with a lower percentage of games missed due to injury (r= 0.40, p<0.05) with 10 preseason sessions predicting a 5% reduction in the percentage of games missed.  Maximising participation in preseason training may protect elite rugby league players against in season injury.
A Fuzzy Logic Based Clustering Algorithm for WSN to Extend the Network Lifetime
Venue: IEEE Sensors Journal

Wireless sensor network (WSN) brings a new paradigm of real time embedded systems with limited computation, communication, memory, and energy resources that are being used for huge range of applications where the traditional infrastructure based network is mostly infeasible. The sensor nodes are densely deployed in a hostile environment to monitor, detect, and analyze the physical phenomenon and consume considerable amount of energy while transmitting the information. It is impractical and sometimes impossible to replace the battery and to maintain longer network life time. So, there is a limitation on the lifetime of the battery power and energy conservation is a challenging issue. Appropriate cluster head (CH) election is one such issue, which can reduce the energy consumption dramatically. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is the most famous hierarchical routing protocol, where the CH is elected in rotation basis based on a probabilistic threshold value and only CHs are allowed to send the information to the base station (BS) But in this approach, a super CH (SCH) is elected among the CHs who can only send the information to the mobile BS by choosing suitable fuzzy descriptors, such as remaining battery power, mobility of BS, and centrality of the clusters. Fuzzy inference engine (Mamdani's rule) is used to elect the chance to be the SCH. The results have been derived from NS 2 simulator and show that the proposed protocol performs better than the LEACH protocol in terms of the first node dies, half node alive, better stability, and better lifetime.
Neural network with bee colony optimization for MRI brain cancer image classification
Venue: Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol.

B rain tumor is one of the foremost causes for the increase in mortality among children and adults. Computer visions are being used by doctors to analysis and diagnose the medical problems. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique, which is used to visualize internal structures of MRI brain images for analyzing normal and abnormal prototypes of brain while diagnosing. It is a non"invasive method to take picture of brain and the surrounding images. Image processing techniques are used to extract meaningful information from medical images for the purpose of diagnosis and prognosis. Raw MRI brain images are not suitable for processing and analysis since noise and low contrast affect the quality of the MRI images. The classification of MRI brain images is emphasized in this paper for cancer diagnosis. It can consist of four steps: Pre"processing, identification of region of interest, feature extraction and classification. For improving quality of the image, partial differential equations method is proposed and its result is compared with other methods such as block analysis method, opening by reconstruction method and histogram equalization method using statistical parameters such as carrier signal to ratio, peak signal"to"ratio, structural similarity index measure, figure of merit, mean square error. The enhanced image is converted into bi"level image, which is utilized for sharpening the regions and filling the gaps in the binarized image using morphological operators. Region of Interest (ROI) is identified by applying region growing method for extorting the five features. The classification is performed based on the extracted image feature to determine whether the brain image is normal or abnormal and it is also, introduced hybridization of Neural Network (NN) with bee colony optimization for the classification and estimation of cancer affect on given MRI image. The performance of the proposed classifier is compared with traditional NN classifier using statistical measures such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. The experiment is conducted over 100 MRI brain images.
MRI of the Trigeminal Nerve in Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia Secondary to Vascular Compression.
Venue: AJR. American journal of roentgenology

Trigeminal neuralgia is a debilitating facial pain disorder, frequently caused by vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. Vascular compression that results in trigeminal neuralgia occurs along the cisternal segment of the nerve.  Imaging combined with clinical information is critical to correctly identify patients who are candidates for microvascular decompression. The purpose of this article is to review trigeminal nerve anatomy and to provide strategies for radiologists to recognize important MRI findings in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
Burkholderia pseudomallei Rapidly Infects the Brain Stem and Spinal Cord via the Trigeminal Nerve after Intranasal Inoculation
Venue: Infection and Immunity

Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease with a high mortality rate (20% in Australia and 40% in Southeast Asia) Neurological melioidosis is particularly prevalent in northern Australian patients and involves brain stem infection, which can progress to the spinal cord; however, the route by which the bacteria invade the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that B. pseudomallei can infect the olfactory and trigeminal nerves within the nasal cavity following intranasal inoculation. As the trigeminal nerve projects into the brain stem, we investigated whether the bacteria could continue along this nerve to penetrate the CNS. After intranasal inoculation of mice, B. pseudomallei caused low level localized infection within the nasal cavity epithelium, prior to invasion of the trigeminal nerve in small numbers. B. pseudomallei rapidly invaded the trigeminal nerve and crossed the astrocytic barrier to enter the brain stem within 24 h and then rapidly progressed over 2,000 mm into the spinal cord. To rule out that the bacteria used a hematogenous route, we used a capsule deficient mutant of B. pseudomallei that does not survive in the blood and found that it also entered the CNS via the trigeminal nerve. This suggests that the primary route of entry is via the nerves that innervate the nasal cavity. We found that actin mediated motility could facilitate initial infection of the olfactory epithelium. Thus, we have demonstrated that B. pseudomallei can rapidly infect the brain and spinal cord via the trigeminal nerve branches that innervate the nasal cavity.