nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter 11 Police Body Cameras: Emotional Mediation and the Economies of Visuality

This paper seeks to think through the ways in which the design elements and affordances of police body worn cameras interact with overlapping discourses of transparency and technological optimism and contribute to an understanding of the body worn camera as a neutral technological mediator of fundamentally emotion laden human interactions. This understanding, which frames not only the camera itself but its resulting video evidence as somehow more clear, more easily read and more neutral elides the contingency of interactions with the police. State power is intimately tied to visuality both in an esthetic sense and in the ability to see and be seen. The centrality of technologies of visuality to projects of social control foreground the importance of control over representational methods. Time and again citizen documentation and photography become characterized as criminal while the acts they capture do not. This power is bolstered by an investment in the neutrality of technologies of surveillance and is simultaneously reinforced by the depiction of victims of police brutality as emotionally volatile and transgressive. Additionally, any discussion of body worn cameras must contend with the ways in which different people experience space and surveillance differently. By introducing the concept of paradoxical space in conjunction with discourses of surveillance and the elements of body camera design, we are able to understand how emotions become a part of an economy of visuality.
Work and the Adolescent in Medieval England ad 900 1550: The Osteological Evidence

WHAT WAS IT LIKE to be a teenager in medieval England? Despite the fact that medieval society often singled young apprentices and workers out for comment, their study has been largely neglected in medieval archaeology. The skeletal remains of 4940 children and adolescents (6.6 25 years) from 151 sites in medieval England were compiled from a combination of primary data collection and secondary data from published and unpublished skeletal reports and online databases. The aim was to explore whether apprentices could be identified in the archaeological record and, if so, at what age they started work and what impact occupation had on their health. The data were divided into urban and rural groups, dating from before and after the Black Death of ad 1348 49, and before the Industrial Revolution. A shift in the demographic pattern of urban and rural adolescents was identified after the Black Death, with a greater number of young females residing in urban contexts after 14 years. The average age of males in urban contexts increased from 12 years to 14 years after the plague years, contrary to what we might expect with the greater opportunities for work after the Black Death. There were higher rates of spinal and joint disease in the urban adolescents, and before the age of 18 years, their injuries were more widespread than their rural counterparts. Domestic service was the potential cause of greater strain on the knees and backs of urban females, with interpersonal violence evident in young urban males. Overall, it was the urban females that carried the burden of respiratory and infectious diseases, suggesting they may have been the most vulnerable group. This study has demonstrated the value of adolescent skeletal remains in revealing information about their health and working life, before and after the Black Death.
The influence of chronic conditions and the environment on pubertal development. An example from medieval England.
Venue: International journal of paleopathology

Adolescence is a unique period in human development encompassing sexual maturation (puberty) and the physical and psychological transition into adulthood. It is a crucial time for healthy development and any adverse environmental conditions, poor nutrition, or chronic infection can alter the timing of these physical changes; delaying menarche in girls or the age of peak height velocity in boys. This study explores the impact of chronic illness on the tempo of puberty in 607 adolescent skeletons from medieval England (AD 900 1550) A total of 135 (22.2% adolescents showed some delay in their pubertal development, and this lag increased with age. Of those with a chronic condition, 40.0% (n=24/60) showed delay compared to only 20.3% (n=111/547) of the non pathology group. This difference was statistically significant. A binary logistic regression model demonstrated a significant association between increasing delay in pubertal stage attainment with age in the pathology group. This is the first time that chronic conditions have been directly associated with a delay in maturation in the osteological record, using a new method to assess stages of puberty in skeletal remains.
Wild to domestic and back again: the dynamics of fallow deer management in medieval England (c. 11th 16th century AD)

This paper presents the results of the first comprehensive scientific study of the fallow deer, a non native species whose medieval period introduction to Britain transformed the cultural landscape. It brings together data from traditional zooarchaeological analyses with those derived from new ageing techniques as well as the results of a programme of radiocarbon dating, multi element isotope studies and genetic analyses. These new data are here integrated with historical and landscape evidence to examine changing patterns of fallow deer translocation and management in medieval England between the 11th and 16th century AD.
Assemblage Theory and Town Foundation in Medieval England
Venue: Cambridge Archaeological Journal

It is proposed that our understanding of medieval town foundation is limited by a failure to appreciate that 'town' is a relational category. It is argued that urban character emerges from social relations, with some sets of social relationship revealing urbanity and others not, as places develop along distinctive, but related, trajectories. This argument is developed through the application of assemblage theory to the development of towns in thirteenth century southern England. The outcome is a proposal that, by focusing on the social relations through which towns are revealed as a distinctive category of place, we can better comprehend why and how towns mattered in medieval society and develop a greater understanding of the relationship of urbanization to other social processes such as commercialization and associated changes in the countryside.
Pulse echo ultrasound transit time spectroscopy: A comparison of experimental measurement and simulation prediction
Venue: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine

Considering ultrasound propagation through complex composite media as an array of parallel sonic rays, a comparison of computer simulated prediction with experimental data has previously been reported for transmission mode (where one transducer serves as transmitter, the other as receiver) in a series of 10 acrylic step wedge samples, immersed in water, exhibiting varying degrees of transit time inhomogeneity. In this study, the same samples were used but in pulse echo mode, where the same ultrasound transducer served as both transmitter and receiver, detecting both 'primary' (internal sample interface) and 'secondary' (external sample interface) echoes. A transit time spectrum was derived, describing the proportion of sonic rays with a particular transit time. A computer simulation was performed to predict the transit time and amplitude of various echoes created, and compared with experimental data. Applying an amplitude tolerance analysis, 91.7% 3.7% of the simulated data were within 1 standard deviation of the experimentally measured amplitude time data. Correlation of predicted and experimental transit time spectra provided coefficients of determination (R2% ranging from 100.0% to 96.8% for the various samples tested. The results acquired from this study provide good evidence for the concept of parallel sonic rays. Furthermore, deconvolution of experimental input and output signals has been shown to provide an effective method to identify echoes otherwise lost due to phase cancellation. Potential applications of pulse echo ultrasound transit time spectroscopy include improvement of ultrasound image fidelity by improving spatial resolution and reducing phase interference artefacts.
Socio economic Status of Slum Dwellers An Empirical Study on the Capital City of Bangladesh

Slums living people are very poor and their socio economic condition does not allow them to live a healthy life. They do not have access to sanitation and they cannot get safe water supply. They have to live in adverse conditions due to poor social, economic and health facilities. The main purpose of this study was to find out socio economic condition of slum dwellers of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh, a South Asian country. Data was collected from 315 respondents by survey research method where respondents were selected by statistical simple random sampling method. There were found that people living in slums had sad tales in living conditions. Owing to bad hygienic condition and health statuses of households were also not in satisfactory level. The morbidity rate was very high among the studied population and it was concluded that people living with low socio economic conditions were to face different health and hygiene problems.
Multivariate analyses of NP TLC chromatographic retention data for grouping of structurally related plant secondary metabolites.
Venue: Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences

The chromatographic behavior of 28 plant secondary metabolites belonging to four chemically similar classes (alkaloids, flavonoids, flavone glycosides and sesquiterpenes) was studied by normal phase thin layer chromatography (NP TLC) under 5 different chromatographic systems commonly used in plant drug analysis with the aim to explore whether the retention properties of these metabolites can determine the chemical group they belong to. The use of RM values as the retention parameter is implemented as a relatively new approach in plant analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) hierarchical clustering heat maps and discriminant analysis (DA) were used for statistical evaluation of the chromatographic data and extraction of similarities between chemically related compounds. The twenty eight metabolites were classified into four groups by principal component analysis. The heat map of hierarchical clustering revealed that all metabolites were clustered into four groups, except for caffeine, while linear discriminant analysis showed that 96.4% of metabolites are predicted correctly as the groupings identified by chemical class in original and cross validated data. The main advantage of the approach described in current paper is its simplicity which can assist with preliminary identification of metabolites in complex plant extracts.
A new active absorption system and its performance to linear and non linear waves

The present paper presents a new active absorption method for wavemakers in physical models based on digital filtering of signals from wave gauges in the nearfield. Such system is needed to maintain control of the waves when performing model tests where reflections from the models are significant. Similar systems have been described earlier, but in previous systems a causal IIR filter was applied while FIR filters were considered impossible to use. However, in the present paper it is shown that a causal FIR filter can indeed be fitted with similar or even better performance than the systems based on IIR filters. Furthermore, the existing fully linear absorption theory for gauges being flush mounted to the paddle is extended to gauges with a small gap to the paddle. Such gap can be used to compensate a large control delay in some existing setups. The performance of the new system on linear and non linear regular waves has been tested in a new wave flume with wavemakers in both ends. Such flume is ideal for validating the theoretical performance curve and the results show excellent agreement between theory and measurements. Results for irregular waves confirm the broad banded absorption capabilities. Finally, a procedure for generating highly non linear waves with simultaneous active absorption has been given. The results show that the superharmonics of such waves can also be well absorbed by the system.
A Comparative Analysis of Crowdsourced Natural Language Corpora for Spoken Dialog Systems
Venue: LREC

Recent spoken dialog systems have been able to recognize freely spoken user input in restricted domains thanks to statistical methods in the automatic speech recognition. These methods require a high number of natural language utterances to train the speech recognition engine and to assess the quality of the system. Since human speech offers many variants associated with a single intent, a high number of user utterances have to be elicited. Developers are therefore turning to crowdsourcing to collect this data. This paper compares three different methods to elicit multiple utterances for given semantics via crowd sourcing, namely with pictures, with text and with semantic entities. Specifically, we compare the methods with regard to the number of valid data and linguistic variance, whereby a quantitative and qualitative approach is proposed. In our study, the method with text led to a high variance in the utterances and a relatively low rate of invalid data.
Evaluation of a model of dissertation supervision for 3rd year B.Sc. undergraduate nursing students.
Venue: Nurse education in practice

All English universities now offer an all degree undergraduate nursing programme. Many currently use an individual supervision model to support final year dissertation students, but with increased numbers and limited resources new models of supervision are needed. This study evaluated a mixed (group and individual) model of dissertation supervision to determine its effectiveness for a large group of undergraduate nursing students. A sample of 3rd year students and their supervisors were selected from one large university. An evaluation survey was conducted using anonymous internet based questionnaires and focus groups. The data was analysed using Survey Monkey, SPSS and thematic analysis. A 51% (n 56/110) response rate (students) and 65% (n 24/37) for supervisors was obtained. The majority of students and supervisors were satisfied with the new model. There was a mixed response to the group workshops and supervision groups. Three themes emerged from the qualitative data: engaging with the process, motivation to supervise and valuing the process. The supervision process is a struggle but both parties gained considerably from going through the process. In conclusion, a mixed model of supervision together with a range of other learning resources can be an effective approach in supporting students through the dissertation process.
"Seen Is Solution" a CAD/CAE integrated parallel reanalysis design system

In this study, a CAD/CAE integrated reanalysis design system composed of 4 layers, i.e. triangle patch based CAD modeling module, triangle element simulation solver, reanalysis faster solver and multi GPU parallel platform, is developed. The CAD/CAE integrated system concept is typically applied during closed loop design procedures (e.g. adaptive optimization and topological optimization) However, most engineers freely adjust the design aiming to obtain corresponding analytical results synchronously. Based on this concept, the defining characteristic of the developed system is its "Seen Is Solution" approach, and it is thus coined the SIS system. As is the case for other CAD/CAE integrated systems (e.g. IsoGeometric Analysis (IGA) the designer is only required to build a CAD model, define constraints and adjust designs. Corresponding results must be shown to designers online. The basis of the developed system involves the integration of Edge Smooth Finite Element Methods (ES FEM) and reanalysis. To improve the efficiency of the design procedure, the system is also parallelized based on a multi GPU computational platform. The developed system has been applied to vehicular design and has been found to shorten the design cycle significantly. Moreover, the SIS system can be integrated with popular closed loop optimization methods.
Increased Brahma related Gene 1 Expression Predicts Distant Metastasis and Shorter Survival in Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.
Venue: Anticancer research

Previous studies have demonstrated aberrant Brahma related gene 1 (BRG1) expression in various tumor types. Increased BRG1 expression has recently been shown to correlate with aggressive oncogenic behavior in many different types of human cancer. However, the role of BRG1 in breast cancer development and progression is not fully understood.  We evaluated BRG1 expression in 224 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast using tissue microarray samples and immunohistochemistry. We also investigated whether BRG1 expression status is associated with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with IDC.  Among the 224 patients with IDC, 37.5% (84/224) exhibited high BRG1 expression. IDC exhibited significantly higher BRG1 expression compared to ductal carcinoma in situ (p=0.009) and normal breast tissue (p=0.005) High BRG1 expression in IDC significantly correlated with higher histological grade (p=0.035) and presence of distant metastasis (p=0.002) Furthermore, high BRG1 expression was an independent factor for predicting distant metastasis (relative risk=4.079; p=0.007) In addition, high BRG1 expression predicted shorter overall (p=0.011) and recurrence free (p=0.003) survival in patients with IDC. In particular, BRG1 had a significant prognostic value in predicting recurrence free survival of patients with IDC with lymph node metastasis or stage III disease.  BRG1 is involved in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer and can serve as a novel biomarker predictive of distant metastasis and patient outcomes.
Assessing sirtuin expression in endometrial carcinoma and non neoplastic endometrium
Venue: Oncotarget

Sirtuins participate in hormone imbalance, metabolism and aging, which are important processes for endometrial cancer (EC) development. Sirtuins mRNA expression (SIRT1 to 7) was determined in 76 ECs (63 Type I, 12 Type II and one mixed EC) and 30 non neoplastic endometria (NNE) by quantitative real time PCR. SIRT1 and SIRT7 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using Allred score. Compared to NNE, ECs showed SIRT7 (p 0.001) mRNA overexpression, whereas SIRT1 (p 0.001) SIRT2 (p 0.001) SIRT4 (p 0.001) and SIRT5 (p 0.001) were underexpressed. No significant differences were observed for SIRT3 and SIRT6. Type II ECs displayed lower SIRT1 (p 0.032) and SIRT3 (p 0.016) transcript levels than Type I ECs. Concerning protein expression, SIRT1 immunostaining median score was higher in ECs compared to NNE epithelium (EC 5 vs. NNE 2, p 0.001) while SIRT7 was lower in ECs (EC 6 vs. NNE 7, p 0.001) No significant associations were found between SIRT1/7 immunoexpression and histological subtype, grade, lymphovascular invasion or stage. Our data shows that sirtuins are deregulated in EC. The diversity of expression patterns observed suggests that sirtuins may have distinctive roles in endometrial cancer similarly to what has been described in other cancer models.
Assessing water erosion in Mediterranean tree crops using GIS techniques and field measurements: the effect of climate change
Venue: Natural Hazards

In this work, a dynamic GIS modeling approach is presented that incorporates: a) geoinformatic techniques, b) 55 year historical meteorological data, and c) field measurements, in order to estimate soil erosion risk in intensively cultivated regions. The proposed GIS based modeling approach includes the estimation of soil erosion rates due to surface water flow under current and future climate change scenarios A2 and B1 for the years 2030 and 2050. The soil erosion was estimated using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) The proposed soil erosion model was validated using field measurements at different sites of the study area. The results show that an extended part of the study area is under intense erosion with the mean annual loss to be 4.85 t/ha year 1. Moreover, an increase in rainfall intensity, especially for scenario B1, can generate a significant increase (32.44 in soil loss for the year 2030 and a much more (50.77 for the year 2050 in comparison with the current conditions. Regarding the scenario A2, a slight decrease (1.85 in soil loss was observed for the year 2030, while for 2050 the results show an adequate increase (7.31 in comparison with the present. All these approaches were implemented at one of the most productive agricultural areas of Crete in Greece dominated by olive and citrus crops.
Extensive worldwide validation and climate sensitivity analysis of direct irradiance predictions from 1 min global irradiance

A comprehensive evaluation study of the performance of 140 separation models selected from the literature to predict direct normal irradiance (DNI) from global horizontal irradiance (GHI) is presented here. The assessment is conducted using high quality 1 min data of GHI and DNI at 54 research class stations from 7 continents. The observational dataset provides (after a posteriori quality control) more than 25 million valid data points, thereby representing an unprecedented level of effort. The stations are grouped into 4 distinct climate zones: arid, temperate, tropical and high albedo. To evaluate the performance of each model at each site, three summary statistics are calculated. Additionally, with the emphasis on selecting models that perform consistently well under the general conditions of each climate zone, the robustness of each model is evaluated using a few consistency criteria. It is found that, for all models, the errors are exacerbated by cloud enhancement and high albedo induced effects. A higher number of predictors used by a model appears to improve its performance, but not in a consistent way, since there are many exceptions. These are attributed to possible excessive model localization and/or overfitting. In general, models that consider both a variability predictor and an estimate of coincident clear sky irradiance tend to perform better. No model performs consistently well over the high albedo zone, even those rare ones that do consider ground albedo as a predictor. Over the arid, temperate and tropical zones, two models consistently deliver the best predictions. One of them is recommended as a "quasi universal" model for general use for 1 min DNI prediction wherever and whenever low to moderate albedo conditions prevail.
Combining the Best of Convolutional Layers and Recurrent Layers: A Hybrid Network for Semantic Segmentation
Venue: ArXiv

State of the art results of semantic segmentation are established by Fully Convolutional neural Networks (FCNs) FCNs rely on cascaded convolutional and pooling layers to gradually enlarge the receptive fields of neurons, resulting in an indirect way of modeling the distant contextual dependence. In this work, we advocate the use of spatially recurrent layers (i.e. ReNet layers) which directly capture global contexts and lead to improved feature representations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ReNet layers by building a Naive deep ReNet (N ReNet) which achieves competitive performance on Stanford Background dataset. Furthermore, we integrate ReNet layers with FCNs, and develop a novel Hybrid deep ReNet (H ReNet) It enjoys a few remarkable properties, including full image receptive fields, end to end training, and efficient network execution. On the PASCAL VOC 2012 benchmark, the H ReNet improves the results of state of the art approaches Piecewise, CRFasRNN and DeepParsing by 3.6% 2.3% and 0.2% respectively, and achieves the highest IoUs for 13 out of the 20 object classes.