nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Information security policy compliance model in organizations
Venue: Comput. Secur.

Information security policy compliance protects information assets in organizations.Involvement positively influences information security policy compliance.Attachment does not positively influence information security policy compliance.Commitment positively influences information security policy compliance.Personal norms positively influence information security policy compliance. The Internet and information technology have influenced human life significantly. However, information security is still an important concern for both users and organizations. Technology cannot solely guarantee a secure environment for information; the human aspects of information security should be taken into consideration, besides the technological aspects. The lack of information security awareness, ignorance, negligence, apathy, mischief, and resistance are the root of users' mistakes. In this research, a novel model shows how complying with organizational information security policies shapes and mitigates the risk of employees' behaviour. The significant aspect of this research is derived from the conceptualization of different aspects of involvement, such as information security knowledge sharing, collaboration, intervention and experience, as well as attachment, commitment, and personal norms that are important elements in the Social Bond Theory. The results of the data analysis revealed that information security knowledge sharing, collaboration, intervention and experience all have a significant effect on employees' attitude towards compliance with organizational information security policies. However, attachment does not have a significant effect on employees' attitude towards information security policy compliance. In addition, the findings have shown that commitment and personal norms affect employees' attitude. Attitude towards compliance with information security organizational policies also has a significant effect on the behavioural intention regarding information security compliance.
Taxonomy of information security risk assessment (ISRA)
Venue: Comput. Secur.

Information is a perennially significant business asset in all organizations. Therefore, it must be protected as any other valuable asset. This is the objective of information security, and an information security program provides this kind of protection for a company's information assets and for the company as a whole. One of the best ways to address information security problems in the corporate world is through a risk based approach. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of security risk assessment drawn from 125 papers published from 1995 to May 2014. Organizations with different size may face problems in selecting suitable risk assessment methods that satisfy their needs. Although many risk based approaches have been proposed, most of them are based on the old taxonomy, avoiding the need for considering and applying the important criteria in assessing risk raised by rapidly changing technologies and the attackers knowledge level. In this paper, we discuss the key features of risk assessment that should be included in an information security management system. We believe that our new risk assessment taxonomy helps organizations to not only understand the risk assessment better by comparing different new concepts but also select a suitable way to conduct the risk assessment properly. Moreover, this taxonomy will open up interesting avenues for future research in the growing field of security risk assessment.
An information security knowledge sharing model in organizations
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Knowledge sharing plays an important role in the domain of information security, due to its positive effect on employees' information security awareness. It is acknowledged that security awareness is the most important factor that mitigates the risk of information security breaches in organizations. In this research, a model has been presented that shows how information security knowledge sharing (ISKS) forms and decreases the risk of information security incidents. The Motivation Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior besides Triandis model were applied as the theoretical backbone of the conceptual framework. The results of the data analysis showed that earning a reputation, and gaining promotion as an extrinsic motivation and curiosity satisfaction as an intrinsic motivation have positive effects on employees' attitude toward ISKS. However, self worth satisfaction does not influence ISKS attitude. In addition, the findings revealed that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms have positive effects on ISKS intention and ISKS intention affects ISKS behavior. The outcomes also showed that organizational support influences ISKS behavior more than trust. The results of this research should be of interest to academics and practitioners in the domain of information security. Information security knowledge sharing mitigates information security breaches.Intrinsic motivations influence information security knowledge sharing in firms.Extrinsic motivations influence information security knowledge sharing in firms.Organizational support facilitates information security knowledge sharing in firms.
Sub chapter 2.3.1. Hydrological impacts of climate change in North African countries

Countries in North Africa with a semi arid Mediterranean climate are facing water scarcity and high inter annual variability of their water resources. Many dams and reservoirs have been built in recent decades to collect surface water and improve the management of existing water resources  However climate projections for this region indicate a possible decrease in precipitation together with an increase in temperature that could result in increased evaporation (Schilling et al. 2012) Evaluating the potential impacts of climate change on water resources is thus of particular importance in this region. To quantify the impacts of climate change on hydrology, climate model outputs need to be combined with the outputs of hydrological models. Climate models provide simulations up to the year 2100, either at large scale (global circulation models) or at regional scale (regional climate models) Most climate models outputs cannot be used directly in hydrological models because the spatial scales do not match or because of a systematic bias in the model outputs, particularly for precipitation. Downscaling or bias correction techniques thus need to be applied
Future water availability in North African dams simulated by high resolution regional climate models

In North Africa, the countries of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia are already experiencing water scarcity and a strong interannual variability of precipitation. To better manage their existing water resources, several dams and reservoirs have been built on most large river catchments. The objective of this study is to provide quantitative scenarios of future changes in water availability for the 47 major dams and reservoirs catchments located in North Africa. An ensemble of regional climate models (RCM) with a spatial resolution of 12km, driven by different general circulation models (GCM) from the EuroCORDEX experiment have been considered to analyze the projected changes on temperature, precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) for two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and two time horizons (2040 2065 and 2065 2090) PET is estimated from RCM outputs either with the FAO PenmanMonteith (PM) equation, requiring air temperature, relative humidity, net radiation and wind, or with the Hargreave Samani (HS) equation, requiring only air temperature. The water balance is analyzed by comparing the climatic demand and supply of water, considering that for most of these catchments groundwater storage is negligible over long time periods. Results indicated a future temperature increase for all catchments between +1.8* and +4.2* depending on the emission scenario and the time period considered. Precipitation is projected to decrease between 14% to 27% mainly in winter and spring, with a strong East to West gradient. PET computed from PM or HS formulas provided very similar estimates and projections, ranging between +7% to +18% Changes in PET are mostly driven by rising temperatures and are greatest during dry summer months than for the wet winter season. Therefore the increased PET has a lower impact than declining precipitation on future water availability, which is expected to decrease by 19% to 33% on average.
Economic impacts of climate change and variability on agricultural production in the Middle East and North Africa region

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change and variability on agricultural production in Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) where the deleterious impacts of climate change are generally projected to be greatest.  The study used a production function model using Fixed Effect Regression (FER) analysis and then using marginal impact analysis to assess the impact of climate change and variability on agricultural production. Therefore, the study utilized panel data for the period 1961 2009 pooled from 20 countries in MENA region.  Results showed that 1 per cent increase in temperature during winter resulted in 1.12 per cent decrease in agricultural production. It was also observed that 1 per cent increase in temperature variability during winter and spring resulted in 0.09 and 0.14 per cent decrease in agricultural production, respectively. Results also indicated that increasing precipitation during winter and fall season and precipitation variability during winter and summer seasons had negative impact. The estimated parameters of square temperature and precipitation indicated that climate change has significant nonlinear impacts on agricultural production in MENA region.  Despite there are many studies on the impact of climate change on agricultural production, there is a lack of publications to address the economic impact of both climate change and variability on agricultural production in MENA region. Thus, these results are more comprehensive and more informative to policymakers than the results from field trials.
Tackling with Refugee Children's Problems in Turkish Schools

The main aim of this study is to produce a solution to improve the refugee and asylum seeker students' adaptation to the Turkish schools and classrooms by using action research approach which is often preferred for solving the problems encountered by the educators. The sample of the study consists of selected students at a primary school in Denizli province in 2014 2015 academic years. This sample consists of one school and 14 students. It uses qualitative data collection tools including teacher and principal interviews, student interviews, and observation of the researcher and implementers. Results showed that the action research is useful. Having special education helped refugee and asylum seeker students to read, write and speak the Turkish language quicker and have communication and adaptation to their classmates and teachers easier.
Self concept and gender effects in Korean adolescents with epilepsy
Venue: Epilepsy Behavior

We aimed to determine whether adolescents with epilepsy (AWE) have a compromised self concept, whether a lower self concept is related to mental health, and whether there are sex differences in self concept in AWE.  A total of 179 AWE and 259 control adolescents without epilepsy participated in this cross sectional, multicenter study. Self concept was measured using the Harter's Self Perception Profile for Children. Depressive symptoms and anxiety were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) A group by sex interaction was evaluated using an analysis of covariance controlling for age.  Adolescents with epilepsy had a lower level of self concept, especially in domains of behavioral conduct (partial eta(2) 0.257) and social acceptance (partial eta(2) 0.116) than controls (p<0.05) The level of self concept did not differ by sex in the group with epilepsy. A group by sex interaction effect was found on social acceptance (p=0.042) Unlike the control group, age was not correlated with self concept in AWE. Physical appearance was negatively correlated with HADS anxiety scores (r= 0.291, p<0.01) but only in girls with epilepsy. Epilepsy duration was correlated with social acceptance in boys (r=0.211, p<0.05) and physical appearance in girls (r= 0.249, p<0.05)  Adolescents with epilepsy had a lower level of self concept, especially in the domains of behavioral conduct and social acceptance, than controls. Sex differences in self concept were identified in the control group but not in the group with epilepsy. Physical appearance was negatively correlated with anxiety in girls with epilepsy.
Fronto striatal organization: Defining functional and microstructural substrates of behavioural flexibility
Venue: Cortex

Discrete yet overlapping frontal striatal circuits mediate broadly dissociable cognitive and behavioural processes. Using a recently developed multi echo resting state functional MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) sequence with greatly enhanced signal compared to noise ratios, we map frontal cortical functional projections to the striatum and striatal projections through the direct and indirect basal ganglia circuit. We demonstrate distinct limbic (ventromedial prefrontal regions, ventral striatum VS, ventral tegmental area VTA) motor (supplementary motor areas SMAs, putamen, substantia nigra) and cognitive (lateral prefrontal and caudate) functional connectivity. We confirm the functional nature of the cortico striatal connections, demonstrating correlates of well established goal directed behaviour (involving medial orbitofrontal cortex mOFC and VS) probabilistic reversal learning (lateral orbitofrontal cortex lOFC and VS) and attentional shifting (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dlPFC and VS) while assessing habitual model free (SMA and putamen) behaviours on an exploratory basis. We further use neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to show that more goal directed model based learning (MBc) is also associated with higher mOFC neurite density and habitual model free learning (MFc) implicates neurite complexity in the putamen. This data highlights similarities between a computational account of MFc and conventional measures of habit learning. We highlight the intrinsic functional and structural architecture of parallel systems of behavioural control.
Faster proximity searching with the distal SAT
Venue: Inf. Syst.

Searching by proximity has been a source of puzzling behaviors and counter intuitive findings for well established algorithmic design rules. One example is a linked list; it is the worst data structure for exact searching, and one of the most competitive for proximity searching. Common sense also dictates that an online data structure is less competitive than the full knowledge, static version. A counter example in proximity searching is the static Spatial Approximation Tree SAT which is slower than its dynamic version DSAT In this paper we show that changing only the insertion policy of the SAT leaving every other aspect of the data structure untouched, can produce a systematically faster index. We call the index Distal Spatial Approximation Tree DiSAT We found that even a random insertion policy produce a faster version of the SAT which explains why the DSAT is faster than SAT In brief, the SAT is improved by selecting distal, instead of proximal, nodes. This is the exact opposite of the insertion policy proposed in the original paper, and can be used in main or secondary memory versions of the index. We tested our approach with representatives of the state of the art in exact proximity searching. As it happens often in experimental setups, there are no absolute winners in all the aspects tested. Our data structure has no parameters to tune up and a small memory footprint. In addition it can be constructed quickly. Our approach is among the most competitive, those outperforming DiSAT achieve this at the expense of larger memory usage or an impractical construction time.
A systematic review and meta analysis of moderate to vigorous physical activity levels in elementary school physical education lessons.
Venue: Preventive medicine

To examine elementary school students' moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels during physical education (PE) lessons.  A systematic search of nine electronic databases was conducted (PROSPERO2014:CRD42014009649) Studies were eligible if they were in English; published between 2005 April 2014; assessed MVPA levels in PE lessons of elementary school children (aged four 12years) and used an objective MVPA measure. Two reviewers retrieved articles, assessed risk of bias, and performed data extraction. The findings were synthesised using a meta analysis.  The search yielded 5132 articles. Thirteen studies from nine countries met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies measured MVPA through observational measures, five used accelerometry and one used heart rate monitoring. The percentage of PE lesson time spent in MVPA ranged between 11.4 88.5% Meta analysis of seven studies (4 direct observations; 4 accelerometers) found that children spent a mean (95% CI) 44.8 (28.2 61.4) of PE lesson time in MVPA. When measured using direct observation and accelerometers, children spent 57.6 (47.3 68.2) and 32.6 (5.9 59.3) of PE lesson time in MVPA, respectively. The review has limitations; the search strategy was restricted to studies in English; theses, dissertations and conference abstracts were excluded; and six studies that provided insufficient data were excluded from the meta analysis.  MVPA levels during elementary school PE lessons do not meet the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention and the United Kingdom's Association of Physical Education recommendation (50% of lesson time) but is higher than estimated in the previous review (34.2% Interventions to increase MVPA in PE lessons are needed.
Towards an activist approach to research and advocacy for girls and physical education

Much research and practice in the field of physical activity and physical education for girls has been trapped in a reproductive cycle of telling the 'same old story' as if it is news over and over again, since at least the 1980s. A thread running through this narrative is that despite all of this research and related interventions, we have yet to find the 'solution' to the 'problem' of girls and physical education. As a result, little progress appears to have been made in terms of changing things for the better for the majority of girls.  We offer an activist approach to work with girls in physical education as one possible means of breaking the reproductive cycle of research and media reporting that we suggest has worked against improving the situation for girls. We take a pragmatist stance to ask 'can we make the situation for girls better than it is currently? and 'how might we go about this task? We propose an activist approach not as 'the solution' to the 'problem' of girls in physical education, but as one worthy of testing in practice.  We begin by outlining the broad features of an activist approach to working with girls in physical education. We then overview the findings of a growing body of activist studies in physical education and identify four critical elements that we believe need to be present in order to assist girls to identify, name and negotiate barriers to their engagements with physical education and their participation in physically active lifestyles. We highlight one example of an activist study that shows how the four critical elements interact in their work with girls.  We argue for the need for a consensus around improving the current situation of girls in physical education, for a scaling up of this activist work as it is tested in practice, and for the coincidental development of a pedagogical model for working with girls in physical education.
Foundations Of Physical Education And Sport

Thank you very much for downloading foundations of physical education and sport. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this foundations of physical education and sport, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their laptop. foundations of physical education and sport is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our books collection hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the foundations of physical education and sport is universally compatible with any devices to read.
A temperature sensor based on a Brillouin optoelectronic oscillator

A temperature sensor based on a Brillouin optoelectronic oscillator (BOEO) is presented and demonstrated. In the BOEO loop, a phase modulated light is converted to a microwave signal duo to the asymmetric gain of the Stokes light and the anti Stokes light in the stimulated Brillouin scattering to sustain the oscillation. A section of single mode fiber is used as the Brillouin gain medium as well as the sensing element. In this structure, the oscillation frequency of the BOEO varies linearly with the temperature under test. The experimental results show that the temperature sensor features high sensitivity and high stability, thanks to the intrinsic narrow gain spectrum of the stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Heat resistance in extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli may favor environmental survival in a hospital setting.
Venue: Research in microbiology

Nosocomial infections caused by extended spectrum b lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli are a major concern worldwide. There is an urgent need to identify bacterial factors promoting survival and persistence of these organisms in the nosocomial environment. Here, we describe the presence of a gene cluster, containing the Clp ATPase ClpK, within a collection of Danish ESBL producing E. coli isolates. The cluster conferred thermoprotection upon the isolates, and thus might facilitate survival on medical devices exposed to semi high temperatures in a hospital setting.
Coevolutionary Landscape Inference and the Context Dependence of Mutations in Beta Lactamase TEM 1
Venue: Molecular biology and evolution

The quantitative characterization of mutational landscapes is a task of outstanding importance in evolutionary and medical biology: It is, for example, of central importance for our understanding of the phenotypic effect of mutations related to disease and antibiotic drug resistance. Here we develop a novel inference scheme for mutational landscapes, which is based on the statistical analysis of large alignments of homologs of the protein of interest. Our method is able to capture epistatic couplings between residues, and therefore to assess the dependence of mutational effects on the sequence context where they appear. Compared with recent large scale mutagenesis data of the beta lactamase TEM 1, a protein providing resistance against beta lactam antibiotics, our method leads to an increase of about 40% in explicative power as compared with approaches neglecting epistasis. We find that the informative sequence context extends to residues at native distances of about 20 A from the mutated site, reaching thus far beyond residues in direct physical contact.