nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependability of Decentralized Congestion Control for Varying VANET Density
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

802.11p is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Lower layer wireless transmission formats and protocols are defined for both vehicle to infrastructure and vehicle to vehicle communication links to support cooperative intelligent transport systems. The medium access control (MAC) layer uses carrier sensing as a means for detecting the busy state of the radio channel before transmitting. In heavily loaded vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) the channel access delay, when attempting to access the channel, unpredictably increases when it is sensed as busy. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) defines safety related messages. These messages require a dependable behavior of the communication link. In this context, dependable behavior translates to the reliable delivery of data packets within a specified deadline regardless of changes in traffic density. Unfortunately, the WAVE amendment does not fulfill the requirements for such dependable behavior. This contribution reports on performance evaluations by simulation studies of the WAVE MAC and the decentralized congestion control (DCC) mechanism specified by the ETSI in addition to the existing enhanced distributed channel access. The simulation scenario under study is a two VANET merging highway situation. The MAC protocol has to adapt to variable traffic densities in this scenario. The performance is evaluated in terms of coverage range and MAC to MAC delay reliability and DCC state stability. Furthermore, a novel performance indicator is defined, evaluated, and discussed, which the authors of this work have named data novelty. Finally, a multistate active DCC mechanism is proposed, which achieves a dependable behavior.
Dependability of Decentralized Congestion Control for Varying VANET Density
Venue: IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

802.11p is an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Lower layer wireless transmission formats and protocols are defined for both vehicleto infrastructure and vehicle to vehicle communication links to support cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer uses carrier sensing as a means for detecting the busy state of the radio channel before transmitting. In heavily loaded Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) the channel access delay when attempting to access the channel increases unpredictably when it is sensed as busy. The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) defines safety related messages. These messages require a dependable behaviour of the communication link. In this context, dependable behaviour translates to the reliable delivery of data packets within a specified deadline regardless of changes in the traffic density. Unfortunately, the WAVE amendment does not fulfil the requirements for such dependable behaviour. This contribution reports on performance evaluations by simulation studies of the IEEE 802.11p MAC and the Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism specified by ETSI in addition to the existing Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) The simulation scenario under study is a two VANET merging highway situation. The MAC protocol has to adapt to variable traffic densities in this scenario. The performance is evaluated in terms of coverage range and MAC to MAC delay reliability, and DCC state stability. Furthermore, a novel performance indicator a defined, evaluated, and discussed which the authors have named data novelty. Finally, a multistate active DCC mechanism is proposed, which achieves a dependable behaviour.
Fast Asynchronous Parallel Stochastic Gradient Descent: A Lock Free Approach with Convergence Guarantee
Venue: AAAI

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants have become more and more popular in machine learning due to their efficiency and effectiveness. To handle large scale problems, researchers have recently proposed several parallel SGD methods for multicore systems. However, existing parallel SGD methods cannot achieve satisfactory performance in real applications. In this paper, we propose a fast asynchronous parallel SGD method, called AsySVRG, by designing an asynchronous strategy to parallelize the recently proposed SGD variant called stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) AsySVRG adopts a lock free strategy which is more efficient than other strategies with locks. Furthermore, we theoretically prove that AsySVRG is convergent with a linear convergence rate. Both theoretical and empirical results show that AsySVRG can outperform existing state of the art parallel SGD methods like Hogwild! in terms of convergence rate and computation cost.
Critical race theory in education all God's children got a song

The Evolving Role of Critical Race Theory in Educational Scholarship Gloria Ladson  All God's Children Got a Song Section I: Critical Race Theory and Education in Context 1. Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education Gloria Ladson Billings and William F. Tate, IV 2. And We Are Still Not  Critical Race Theory in Education Ten Years Later Adrienne Dixson and Celia Rousseau Section II: Critical Race Theory Constructs 3. The First Day of School: A CRT Story Celia Rousseau and Adrienne Dixson 4.  Reflections of Plessy and Brown in the Rockford Public Schools De Jure Desegregation Efforts Thandeka Chapman 5. 'Proving Your Skin is White, You Can Have Everything' Race, Racial Identity and the Property Rights in Whiteness in the Supreme Court Case of Josephine DeCuir Jessica DeCuir Gunby 6.  Race and Education in Memphis Celia Rousseau 7. Critical Race Perspectives on Desegregation: The Forgotten Voices of Black Educators Jerome Morris 8. Parent(s) The Biggest Influences in the Education of African American Football Student Athletes Jamel Donnor Section III: The Interdisciplinary Nature of Critical Race Theory 9. Whose Culture has Capital? A Critical Race Theory Discussion of Community Cultural Wealth Tara J. Yosso 10. Critical Race Ethnography in Education: Narrative, Inequality, and the Problem of Epistemology Garret Duncan 11. The Fire This Time: Jazz, Research and Critical Race Theory Adrienne Dixson Section IV: Critical Race Theory in US Classrooms and Internationally 12. Where the Rubber Hits the Road: CRT Goes to High School David Stovall 13. Critical Race Theory Beyond North America: Towards a Trans Atlantic Dialogue on Racism and Antiracism in Educational Theory and Praxis David Gillborn  Ethics, Engineering, and the Challenge of Racial Reform in Education William F. Tate, IV
Terror In The Name Of God

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Identification and characterization of psychrotolerant coliform bacteria isolated from pasteurized fluid milk.
Venue: Journal of dairy science

The presence of coliform bacteria in pasteurized fluid milk typically indicates that product contamination occurred downstream of the pasteurizer, but it may also indicate pasteurization failure. Although coliform detection is frequently used as a hygiene indicator for dairy products, our understanding of the taxonomic and phenotypic coliform diversity associated with dairy products is surprisingly limited. Therefore, using Petrifilm Coliform Count plates (3M, St. Paul, MN) we isolated coliforms from high temperature, short time (HTST) pasteurized fluid milk samples from 21 fluid milk processing plants in the northeast United States. Based on source information and initial characterization using partial 16S rDNA sequencing, 240 nonredundant isolates were obtained. The majority of these isolates were identified as belonging to the genera Enterobacter (42% of isolates) Hafnia (13% Citrobacter (12% Serratia (10% and Raoultella (9% additional isolates were classified into the genera Buttiauxella, Cedecea, Kluyvera, Leclercia, Pantoea, and Rahnella. A subset of 104 representative isolates was subsequently characterized phenotypically. Cold growth analysis in skim milk broth showed that all isolates displayed at least a 2 log increase over 10 d at 6degC; the majority of isolates (n=74) displayed more than a 5 log increase. In total, 43% of the representative isolates displayed lipolysis when incubated on spirit blue agar at 6degC for 14 d, whereas 71% of isolates displayed proteolysis when incubated on skim milk agar at 6degC for 14 d. Our data indicate that a considerable diversity of coliforms is found in HTST pasteurized fluid milk and that a considerable proportion of these coliforms have phenotypic characteristics that will allow them to cause fluid milk spoilage.
Design considerations due to scale effects in 3D concrete printing

The effect of scale on different parameters of the 3D printing of concrete is explored through the design and fabrication of a 3D concrete printed pavilion. This study shows a significant gap exists between what can be generated through computer aided design (CAD) and subsequent computer aided manufacturing (generally based on CNC technology) In reality, the 3D concrete printing on the one hand poses manufacturing constraints (e.g. minimum curvature radii) due to material behaviour that is not included in current CAD/CAM software. On the other hand, the process also takes advantage of material behaviour and thus allows the creation of shapes and geometries that, too, can't be modelled and predicted by CAD/CAM software. Particularly in the 3D printing of concrete, there is not a 1:1 relation between toolpath and printed product, as is the case with CNC milling. Material deposition is dependent on system pressure, robot speed, nozzle section, layer stacking, curvature and more all of which are scale dependent. This paper will discuss the design and manufacturing decisions based on the effects of scale on the structural design, printed and layered geometry, robot kinematics, material behaviour, assembly joints and logistical problems. Finally, by analysing a case study pavilion, it will be explore how 3D concrete printing structures can be extended and multiplied across scales and functional domains ranging from structural to architectural elements, so that we can understand how to address questions of scale in their design.
Advancing Collaboration Theory: Models, Typologies, and Evidence

Part I: Framing and Definition Chapter 1: The State of Knowledge in Collaboration John C. Morris and Katrina Miller Stevens Chapter 2: The Development of Collaboration  Typologies and Systems Approaches Andrew P. Williams  The Prevailing Elements of Public Sector Collaboration Martin Mayer and Robert Kenter Chapter 4: Unraveling the Characteristics of Mandated Collaboration Madeleine W. McNamara Part II: Advancing Theory Chapter 5: Applying Cooperative Biological Theory to Nonprofit Collaboration Nathan J. Grasse and Kevin D. Ward Chapter 6: Collaborative Management and Leadership: A Skill Set for the Entrepreneur Madeleine W. McNamara Chapter 7: Conflict in  To Resolve or Transform? Stephanie Joannou Menefee Chapter 8: A New Model of Collaborative Federalism From a Governance Perspective Katrina Miller Stevens, Tiffany Henley, and Luisa Diaz Kope Chapter 9: A Life Cycle Model of Collaboration Christopher Williams, Connie Merriman, and John C. Morris Part III: Collaboration in Action Chapter 10: Nonprofit Collaborative Advocacy: An Exploratory Study of State Nonprofit Associations Jason S. Machado, Katrina Miller Stevens, and Stephanie Joannou Menefee Chapter 11: Collaborating for Accountability: Implications for the Judiciary Amy M. McDowell Chapter 12: Collective Action, Social Capital, and Collaboration Christine Reed and Deniz Leuenberger Chapter 13: Exploring Interagency Collaboration in the National Security Domain: A Distinct Form of Collaboration? Brian Martinez Chapter 14:  Future Trends in Collaboration Research Katrina Miller Stevens and John C. Morris
Therapeutic Media: Treating PTSD with Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Applying head mounted displays (HMDs) and virtual reality scenarios in virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) promises to alleviate combat related post traumatic stress disorders (among others) Its basic premise is that, through virtual scenarios, patients may re engage immersively with situations that provoke anxiety, thereby reducing fear and psychosomatic stress. In this context, HMDs and visualizations should be considered not merely as devices for entertainment purposes or tools for achieving pragmatic objectives but also as a means to instruct and guide patients' imagination and visual perception in triggering traumatic experiences. Under what perceptual and therapeutic conditions is virtual therapy to be considered effective? Who is the "ideal" patient for such therapy regimes, both in terms of his/her therapeutic indications and his/her perceptual readiness to engage with VR scenarios? In short, how are "treatable" patients conceptualized by and within virtual therapy? From a media theory perspective, this essay critically explores various aspects of the VRET application Bravemind in order to shed light on conditions of virtual exposure therapy and conceptions of subjectivity and traumatic experience that are embodied and replicated by such HMD based technology.
Evoking positive emotions by the use of virtual reality in relation to technique acceptance

This study examines the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in evoking positive emotions in relation to technique acceptance. Past literature showed VR to effectively induce positive emotions. Technique acceptance is claimed to hypothetically have an impact on the effectiveness of VR. Following a between subject pre post measure design, 80 participants were allocated randomly over control and experimental condition. All respondents filled in questionnaires to measure emotional affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and technique acceptance (Technology Usage Inventory) The participants in the experimental condition received a VR exercise in a virtual beach environment while the control condition received a guided meditation. The results showed that the VR device was not significantly more effective in evoking positive emotions than the guided meditation. In contrast, it was found that the positive emotions significantly reduced during the interventions. Moreover, Technology anxiety was significantly reduced after the usage of VR. Finally, the effectiveness of VR on evoking positive emotions was not moderated by technique acceptance. Thus, technique acceptance had no influence on the effectiveness of VR interventions on inducing positive emotions. This study had some limitations such as technological boundaries, which could interrupt the implementation of positive emotions. Because this study was one of few control studies examining the effectiveness of VR on evoking positive affect, there is a need for further investigations.
One shot Learning with Memory Augmented Neural Networks
Venue: ArXiv

Despite recent breakthroughs in the applications of deep neural networks, one setting that presents a persistent challenge is that of "one shot learning." Traditional gradient based networks require a lot of data to learn, often through extensive iterative training. When new data is encountered, the models must inefficiently relearn their parameters to adequately incorporate the new information without catastrophic interference. Architectures with augmented memory capacities, such as Neural Turing Machines (NTMs) offer the ability to quickly encode and retrieve new information, and hence can potentially obviate the downsides of conventional models. Here, we demonstrate the ability of a memory augmented neural network to rapidly assimilate new data, and leverage this data to make accurate predictions after only a few samples. We also introduce a new method for accessing an external memory that focuses on memory content, unlike previous methods that additionally use memory locationbased focusing mechanisms.
Generation Z's teachers and their digital skills

The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of socalled <Technology Generation> or <Generation Z> students are not enough to develop students' digital competence. The primary key is determined by the technological and pedagogical skills of teachers. In this paper, we intend to analyze the level of ICT skills of teachers in primary and secondary establishing a competency framework adapted to the Spanish educational environment, using as a basis the standards established by UNESCO in 2008 and reformulated in the year 2011. For this purpose, a questionnaire was done to show the profile of ICT teacher training faculty of the sample (80 schools and 1,433 teachers in the Community of Madrid) to study the characteristics of better trained for the development of teachers was conducted Digital jurisdiction under the Ministry of Education of Spain. The study results show a significant difference between optimal ICT skills and the low skills that teachers really have to develop learning activities with technological tools for their students. Teachers' digital skills are very important in the development of learning processes to introduce technologies as tools in the service of education, and this study will allow us to make decisions in policy formation and throughout early career teachers.
Generation Z's Teachers and their Digital Skills Los docentes de la Generacion Z y sus competencias digitales

The presence of technological resources in schools and the high performance of socalled <Technology Generation> or <Generation Z> students are not enough to develop students' digital competence. The primary key is determined by the technological and pedagogical skills of teachers. In this paper, we intend to analyze the level of ICT skills of teachers in primary and secondary establishing a competency framework adapted to the Spanish educational environment, using as a basis the standards established by UNESCO in 2008 and reformulated in the year 2011. For this purpose, a questionnaire was done to show the profile of ICT teacher training faculty of the sample (80 schools and 1,433 teachers in the Community of Madrid) to study the characteristics of better trained for the development of teachers was conducted Digital jurisdiction under the Ministry of Education of Spain. The study results show a significant difference between optimal ICT skills and the low skills that teachers really have to develop learning activities with technological tools for their students. Teachers' digital skills are very important in the development of learning processes to introduce technologies as tools in the service of education, and this study will allow us to make decisions in policy formation and throughout early career teachers.
Electron Phonon Scattering in Atomically Thin 2D Perovskites.
Venue: ACS nano

Two dimensional (2D) atomically thin perovskites with strongly bound excitons are highly promising for optoelectronic applications. However, the nature of nonradiative processes that limit the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency remains elusive. Here, we present time resolved and temperature dependent PL studies to systematically address the intrinsic exciton relaxation pathways in layered (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)n 1PbnI3n+1 (n 1, 2, 3) structures. Our results show that scatterings via deformation potential by acoustic and homopolar optical phonons are the main scattering mechanisms for excitons in ultrathin single exfoliated flakes, exhibiting a Tg (g 1.3 to 1.9) temperature dependence for scattering rates. We attribute the absence of polar optical phonon and defect scattering to efficient screening of Coulomb potential, similar to what has been observed in 3D perovskites. These results establish an understanding of the origins of nonradiative pathways and provide guidelines for optimizing PL efficiencies of atomically thin 2D perovskites.
A Systematic Review of School Based Social Emotional Interventions for Refugee and War Traumatized Youth

Refugees often experience significant psychological distress, but many do not receive necessary services. Among children and youth, most mental health services are provided by schools, so schools are an important service provider for young refugees. We conducted a systemic literature review to synthesize and evaluate the existing research on school based interventions to improve mental health or social emotional functioning of students who are refugees, asylum seekers, or immigrants with war trauma. Three types of school based interventions were identified: cognitive behavioral therapy, creative expression, and multitiered or multimodal models. The review identified several interventions with positive effects, as well as multiple interventions that had null or negative effects. We address the implications of this body of intervention research for practice and research.
Gay Straight Alliances are Associated with Lower Levels of School Based Victimization of LGBTQ+ Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta analysis
Venue: Journal of youth and adolescence

Gay straight alliances (GSAs) are school based organizations for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+ youth and their allies that often attempt to improve school climate for sexual and gender minority youth. This meta analysis evaluates the association between school GSA presence and youth's self reports of school based victimization by quantitatively synthesizing 15 primary studies with 62,923 participants. Findings indicate GSA presence is associated with significantly lower levels of youth's self reports of homophobic victimization, fear for safety, and hearing homophobic remarks, and these results are robust, controlling for a variety of study level factors. The findings of this meta analysis provide evidence to support GSAs as a means of protecting LGTBQ+ youth from school based victimization.
The Role of Sexual Orientation in School Based Victimization
Venue: Youth society

School based victimization is associated with poorer developmental, academic, and health outcomes. This meta analytic review compared the mean levels of school based victimization experienced by sexual minority youth to those of heterosexual youth, and examined moderators of this difference. Results from 18 independent studies (N 56,752 participants) suggest that sexual minority youth experience moderately higher levels of school based victimization compared to heterosexual youth (d 0.33) This effect varied by two study characteristics: the average effect size increased over time and was larger in studies that had a greater proportion of male participants. Results highlight the need for future research on school based victimization to include measures of sexual orientation and for interventions to include a component that addresses sexual orientation.