nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategic Thinking: Intelligent Opportunism and Emergent Strategy The Case of Strategic Engineering Services

This case study focuses on strategic thinking and opportunistic approaches to business growth and diversification. It begins by examining the recent purchase of 'Quickcover' a remote controlled sports pitch covering system, by engineering company Strategic Engineering Services and the company's current dilemma whether to continue to develop this type of product, or sell it and concentrate on its existing engineering services business. In recent years, Strategic Engineering Services has moved away from traditional heavy engineering and diversified into related areas such as engineering services, oil and gas industry recruitment, plant and equipment hire, instrument calibration and project management. The case considers the relationship between strategic thinking and entrepreneurial approaches to opportunity recognition, exploring the concept of intelligent opportunism as an approach that enables entrepreneurs to develop emergent strategies and take advantage of new opportunities. It explores these concepts in the context of the current dilemma of Strategic Engineering Services.
The State of the Art on Educational Data Mining in Higher Education

Educational data mining (EDM) is a broader term that focuses on analyzing, exploring, predicting, clustering, and classification of data in educational institutions. EDM grows faster and covers many interdisciplinary such as education, e learning, data mining, data analysis, intelligent system etc. The paper presents most relevant work in the area of EDM in higher education it covers course management systems, student behaviors, decision support system, and student retention and attrition. The paper also provide a comparison study between some of research work in such areas. Because of the growth in the interdisciplinary nature of EDM the paper, also try to provide boundary scope and definitions for EDM.  Data Mining DM, Educational Data Mining, EDM, Knowledge Discovery, KDD, Decision Support System, DSS, Course Management Systems, CMS. I.
Exploiting location information to detect light pole in mobile LiDAR point clouds
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)

With rapid development of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technologies, three dimensional point clouds increasingly become a new approach to sense the world. In our previous work, light poles were detected from mobile LiDAR point clouds without using their locations. In this paper, we improve our previous work by considering location information between two neighboring light poles to reduce false alarm. In the proposed method, the potential light poles are first detected by the extended Hough Forest Framework. Then, a gaussian distribution is exploited to model the distance between two light poles by using locations of those detected light poles. Finally, inaccurately detected light poles are removed by considering the distance between two adjacent objects. We evaluate our proposed method on mobile LiDAR point clouds acquired by RIEGL VMX 450 system. On the basis of the experimental test instances, we demonstrate improved accuracy on light pole detection.
Comparison of Fasanella Servat and Small Incision Techniques for Involutional Ptosis Repair
Venue: Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery

To compare the results of the classic Fasanella Servat internal approach to the newer, small incision external approach in the repair of involutional ptosis.  Retrospective review identified 93 patients (104 surgical procedures) at Northwestern Ophthalmology from June 2005 until October 2011 who underwent either the Fasanella Servat or the small incision approaches for involutional ptosis repair. Change in vertical palpebral fissure measurement, change in marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) measurement, patient satisfaction, surgical complications, operating time, and postoperative pain were compared between groups.  Of the 93 patients, most were female with an average age of 69 years. Of the procedures, 48% were small incision and 52% were Fasanella Servat approaches. Average postoperative follow up was 34.0 days. Vertical palpebral fissure height increased an average of 3.36 mm 1.15) in the Fasanella Servat group and 2.74 mm 1.18) in the small incision group (p 0.003) Preoperative vertical palpebral fissure height was lower in the Fasanella Servat group, but postoperative vertical palpebral fissure height was similar between the 2 groups (p=0.3) MRD1 increased an average of 3.42 mm 0.86) in the Fasanella Servat group and 2.68 mm 0.93) in the small incision group (p 0.01) Preoperative MRD1 was lower in the Fasanella Servat group, but postoperative MRD1 was similar between the 2 groups (p 0.15) Average operating time was 53 minutes 16) in the small incision group and 27 minutes 6) in the Fasanella Servat group (p 0.01) There were no surgical complications in either group with equivalent patient satisfaction between the 2 groups. More patients reported postoperative pain in the Fasanella Servat group (p 0.0001)  Both the Fasanella Servat and small incision approaches lead to good surgical outcomes with equivalent patient satisfaction, although the Fasanella Servat approach provides a shorter average operating time with satisfactory postoperative MRD1.
Proprioceptive Phenomenon With Involutional Ptosis: Evidential Findings in Anophthalmic Ptosis
Venue: Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery

To determine the effect of ptosis on compensatory frontalis contraction in patients without visual input and to identify if a sensory stimulus contributes to brow elevation.  A prospective study. Clinical photographs were measured by 2 masked oculoplastic surgeons to determine brow height in 8 patients with unilateral ocular prosthesis in 3 conditions: at baseline, after a gold weight was applied to the upper eyelid inducing acute ptosis, and with the gold weight plus topical anesthetic. The measured brow height was then compared between the 3 scenarios.  Mean brow height increased after application of the gold weight when compared with baseline, and this difference reached significance (p 0.012) After topical anesthetic was applied, the mean brow height decreased but not back to baseline. When mean brow height during the gold weight with topical anesthesia was compared with baseline and with the gold weight only scenarios, the difference was not significant (p 0.05)  Frontalis contraction is observed when acute ptosis is simulated in anophthalmic patients, confirming that a contracted visual field cannot be the only stimulus for compensatory brow elevation. A sensory or proprioceptive mechanism is suggested but not confirmed by the trend of reduction in brow elevation with topical anesthesia.
Chapter 1 Environmental Biotechnology: An Overview

This chapter is an introduction to environmental biotechnology, beginning with a discussion of systems theory. The systematic approach is applied to environmental science and engineering, especially environmental risk assessment and management, including lessons learned from environmental impact statements and life cycle analyses (LCAs) Important tools and concepts are introduced, including biomarkers, the exposome, dosimetry, toxicokinetics modeling, bioremediation, risk trade offs, and ethics. The chapter introduces both the applications of biotechnology for environmental purposes and the possible adverse environmental implications of biotechnologies.
A Multi Objective Decision Making Approach for the Sustainable Maintenance of Roadways

The limited available budget along with old aging infrastructure in nation magnifies the role of strategic decision making for maintenance of highway infrastructure. The challenging objective is to maintain the highway assets in a state of good repair and to improve their efficiency and performance while protecting and enhancing the natural environment. Decision makers are in need of a decision support system to consider these multiple objectives to effectively allocate funding and achieve the construction and maintenance objectives. The proposed model aims at finding optimal techniques for maintenance of multiple roadway asset items while taking into account maintenance time, cost and environmental impacts. This model creates a multi objective problem based on the multi colony ant colony optimization. The objectives of the problem are: (1) Minimizing maintenance costs, (2) Minimizing maintenance time, and (3) Minimizing environmental impacts. The proposed approach will simultaneously optimize three conflicting objectives. The results of implementation of the proposed model on a case study are presented and discussed for a sub set of asset items. The proposed model is validated and results reveal its robustness in generation of optimal solutions. Application of the proposed approach is implemented on the roadway asset items but it is not limited to roadways and is applicable to other infrastructure assets.
Impact of a Workplace Health Promotion Program on Employees' Blood Pressure in a Public University
Venue: PloS one

Workplace health promotion is important in the prevention of non communicable diseases among employees. Previous workplace health programs have shown benefits such as lowered disease prevalence, reduced medical costs and improved productivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a 6 year workplace health promotion program on employees' blood pressure in a public university.  In this prospective cohort study, we included 1,365 employees enrolled in the university's workplace health promotion program, a program conducted since 2008 and using data from the 2008 2013 follow up period. Participants were permanent employees aged 35 years and above, with at least one follow up measurements and no change in antihypertensive medication during the study period. Baseline socio demographic information was collected using a questionnaire while anthropometry measurements and resting blood pressure were collected during annual health screening. Changes in blood pressure over time were analyzed using a linear mixed model.  The systolic blood pressure in the hypertension subgroup decreased 2.36 mmHg per year (p<0.0001) There was also significant improvement in systolic blood pressure among the participants who were at risk of hypertension 0.75 mmHg, p<0.001) The diastolic blood pressure among the hypertensive and at risk subgroups improved 1.76 mmHg/year (p<0.001) and 0.56 mmHg/year (p<0.001) respectively. However, there was no change in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among participants in the healthy subgroup over the 6 year period.  This study shows that continuing participation in workplace health promotion program has the potential to improve blood pressure levels among employees.
Scalable Approximate Bayesian Inference for Outlier Detection under Informative Sampling
Venue: J. Mach. Learn. Res.

Government surveys of business establishments receive a large volume of submissions where a small subset contain errors. Analysts need a fast computing algorithm to ag this subset due to a short time window between collection and reporting. We offer a computationally scalable optimization method based on non parametric mixtures of hierarchical Dirichlet processes that allows discovery of multiple industry indexed local partitions linked to a set of global cluster centers. Outliers are nominated as those clusters containing few observations. We extend an existing approach with a new "merge" step that reduces sensitivity to hyperparameter settings. Survey data are typically acquired under an informative sampling design where the probability of inclusion depends on the surveyed response such that the distribution for the observed sample is different from the population. We extend the derivation of a penalized objective function to use a pseudo posterior that incorporates sampling weights that "undo" the informative design. We provide a simulation study to demonstrate that our approach produces unbiased estimation for the outlying cluster under informative sampling. The method is applied for outlier nomination for the Current Employment Statistics survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Word to the Wise: Notes on a Black Feminist Metaphilosophy of Race

It is not uncommon to ask a race and gender based question of a philosopher of race, only to hear 'I do race, not gender' To the ears of many Black feminists, this sounds, to be frank, utterly foolish. Here, I identify three metaphilosophical assumptions, i.e. the disaggregation, fundamentality and transcendental assumptions, that aid in underwriting the ability to use the statement, 'I do race, not gender' as a means for avoiding gender based questions in 'race talks' Then, I gesture to a reason to reject the fundamentality and transcendental assumptions, i.e. the promotion of intellectual slumming.
TheoryOn: Designing a Construct Based Search Engine to Reduce Information Overload for Behavioral Science Research
Venue: DESRIST

The accumulated literature base in the behavioral sciences represents a great source of knowledge on human behaviors, and yet the same literature has grown beyond human comprehension. We address this information overload problem by proposing a novel IT artifact TheoryOn. Based on the design science paradigm, we identify five design requirements. We first adapt the ontology learning layer cake framework to develop a four step process hypothesis extraction, construct extraction, construct relationship extraction and theory extraction to automatically extract integral "parts" of behavioral theories. We then design four functionalities allowing researchers to quickly access synonymous constructs, construct relationships and theoretically related constructs e.g. antecedents and consequents, as well as integrate related theories. To illustrate the applicability and usefulness, we use a dataset of all the relevant behavioral studies from three top journals in Information Systems and Psychology and conduct an A/B test between the prototype TheoryOn system and the EBSCOhost full text search engine.
Number theoryOn the lower bound of the discrepancy of Halton's sequence ISur la limite inferieure de la discrepance de la suite de Halton I

Let (Hs(n))n>=1 be an s dimensional Halton's sequence. Let DN be the discrepancy of the sequence (Hs(n))n=1N. It is known that NDN=O(lnsN) as N In this paper, we prove that this estimate is exact: lim N Nln s(N)DN>0.
Accurate Classification Models for Distributed Mining of Privately Preserved Data
Venue: Int. J. Inf. Secur. Priv.

Data maintained at various sectors, needs to be mined to derive useful inferences. Larger part of the data is sensitive and not to be revealed while mining. Current methods perform privacy preservation classification either by randomizing, perturbing or anonymizing the data during mining. These forms of privacy preserving mining work well for data centralized at a single site. Moreover the amount of information hidden during mining is not sufficient. When perturbation approaches are used, data reconstruction is a major challenge. This paper aims at modeling classifiers for data distributed across various sites with respect to the same instances. The homomorphic and probabilistic property of Paillier is used to perform secure product, mean and variance calculations. The secure computations are performed without any intermediate data or the sensitive data at multiple sites being revealed. It is observed that the accuracy of the classifiers modeled is almost equivalent to the non privacy preserving classifiers. Secure protocols require reduced computation time and communication cost.
Practicas de calculo numerico con Maxima

En este libro se desarrollan algoritmos y programas propios para los metodos fundamentales de Calculo Numerico correspondiente a un curso introductorio, utilizamos para ello el software libre Maxima, bajo la interface grafica wxMaxima, concretamente hemos utilizado las versiones 5.28.0 2 de Maxima y 12.04.0 de wxMaxima. Se proponen seis sesiones practicas. En las dos primeras sesiones se repasan los comandos y estructuras basicas de programacion con Maxima, en tanto que en las siguientes se desarrollan programas y funciones propias para los principales metodos numericos abordados en una asignatura introductoria de Calculo Numerico, a su vez cada sesion va seguida de una serie de ejercicios propuestos, que el alumno debera intentar resolver por si mismo antes de ver las soluciones que, a su peticion, le aportaremos.
Sensor modelling and camera calibration for close range photogrammetry

Metric calibration is a critical prerequisite to the application of modern, mostly consumer grade digital cameras for close range photogrammetric measurement. This paper reviews aspects of sensor modelling and photogrammetric calibration, with attention being focussed on techniques of automated self calibration. Following an initial overview of the history and the state of the art, selected topics of current interest within calibration for close range photogrammetry are addressed. These include sensor modelling, with standard, extended and generic calibration models being summarised, along with non traditional camera systems. Self calibration via both targeted planar arrays and targetless scenes amenable to SfM based exterior orientation are then discussed, after which aspects of calibration and measurement accuracy are covered. Whereas camera self calibration is largely a mature technology, there is always scope for additional research to enhance the models and processes employed with the many camera systems nowadays utilised in close range photogrammetry.
Prevalence and Mental Health Correlates of Illegal Cannabis Use Among Bisexual Women

This study reports the prevalence of cannabis use among bisexual women in Ontario, Canada, and identifies correlations among levels of cannabis use (no use, some use, active use) and measures of mental health and social support. Analysis focused on 262 bisexual women from a bisexual mental health study using respondent driven sampling. Among networked bisexual women in Ontario, Canada, the weighted prevalence of past year cannabis use was 33.6% with 13.8% of bisexual women using cannabis twice or more per week. Cannabis use was positively associated with social support, gay community involvement, outness to family, and depression. There was no significant association between cannabis use and anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, antibisexual experiences, or suicidal ideation. Bisexual women's rate of past year cannabis use is more than 5 times that for Canadian women in general, and is consistent with rates for bisexual women found in U.S. studies.
Reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among young low income behaviourally bisexual women: implications for nursing practice.
Venue: Journal of clinical nursing

To describe prevalence of reproductive coercion, sexual risk behaviours and mental health symptoms among women reporting lifetime sexual experiences with men and women compared to peers reporting sex exclusively with men.  Reproductive coercion, a global public health problem, is understudied among sexual minority women. Violence against women remains high among women who have sex with women and men. Rates of sexual and physical violence among this population are higher than women reporting exclusive sexual partnerships with either men or women. Nurses and other healthcare providers often do not conduct comprehensive sexual histories; assumptions related to a sex partner's gender may provide indications of broader health implications.  Cross sectional survey of low income Black women ages 18 25 recruited from six community based sites for a parent study focused on intimate partner violence and health.  We analysed survey data from participants who reported lifetime sexual experiences with men and women (N 42) and compared their outcomes to those of women reporting sexual experiences with men only (N 107)  A greater proportion of women who have sex with women and men reported experiencing reproductive coercion. Women who have sex with women and men also reported a greater number of lifetime intimate partner physical and sexual violence experiences, traded sex for resources, and had post traumatic stress disorder symptoms.  Findings provide vital information that can inform nursing clinical practice, specifically related to history taking, screening protocols and counselling strategies for intimate partner violence and mental health among women who have sex with women and men.  TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Strategies for addressing reproductive coercion and intimate partner violence as well as the health consequences among women who have sex with women and men in clinical and community based settings should include a longitudinal understanding of sexual behaviour and gender of sex partners.
Contemporary solutions for patients with microtia and congenital aural atresia Hong Kong experience
Venue: Journal of otology

Managing microtia patients is always a challenge. Multidisciplinary approach, good family support, well established doctor patient relationship and well organised patient support groups are the essential elements for success. With the advancement of implantable hearing devices, more options will be available for the microtia patients. Otologists play a leading role in the whole management process. They not only provide proper guidance to the patients in choosing the correct path of the treatment, but also play a key role in organising and maintaining a cost effective multidisciplinary rehabilitation team for the microtia patients.
Rooting for the top dog: How social dominance motives shape group preference in intergroup competition

Moving beyond prior research establishing people's preference for underdogs, we examined the role of social dominance orientation (SDO) in shaping individuals' preference for underdogs versus top dogs in intergroup competitions. Because a victorious underdog can be seen as a threat to hierarchy, we predicted that SDO would be negatively associated with underdog support. In the context of two real world group competitions i.e. the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games we found that SDO was positively associated with a greater preference for top dogs rather than underdogs (Studies 1 3) This SDO effect on group preference was mediated by beliefs about international sports competitions as opportunities for hierarchy maintenance versus equality promotion (Study 2) Furthermore, SDO and top dog preference were positively associated regardless of the hierarchy domain i.e. countries' economic power versus athletic achievement (Study 3) We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings for intergroup research.
Reassessment of vertebrate ichnotaxa from the Upper Carboniferous 'Fern Ledges' Lancaster Formation, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada

Vertebrate ichnotaxa described by George Frederic Matthew in 1910 from the Upper Carboniferous (Lower Pennsylvanian) 'Fern Ledges' of Saint John, New Brunswick, were dismissed as dubious trackways by previous authors. Thus, three new ichnospecies Matthew described appeared in the 1975 Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology as "unrecognized or unrecognizable" and were mostly forgotten by vertebrate ichnologists. These traces include Hylopus variabilis, Nanopus vetustus and Bipezia bilobata One ichnospecies, Hylopus variabilis here is retained as a valid tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon and reassigned to the ichnogenus Limnopus as a new combination, together with other poorly preserved specimens Matthew labeled, but never described. Nanopus vetustus and Bipezia bilobata named by Matthew in the same paper, have been reexamined and remain as nomina dubia.