nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A new methodology development for flood fragility curve derivation considering structural deterioration for bridges

Floods have been known to be one of the main causes of bridge collapse. Contrary to earthquakes, flood events tend to occur repeatedly and more frequently in rainfall areas; flood induced damage and collapse account for a significant portion of disasters in many countries. Nevertheless, in contrast to extensive research on the seismic fragility analysis for civil infrastructure, relatively little attention has been devoted to the flood related fragility. The present study proposes a novel methodology for deriving flood fragility curves for bridges. Fragility curves are generally derived by means of structural reliability analysis, and structural failure modes are defined as excessive demands of the displacement ductility of a bridge under increased water pressure resulting from debris accumulation and structural deterioration, which are known to be the primary causes of bridge failures during flood events. Since these bridge failure modes need to be analyzed through sophisticated structural analysis, flood fragility curve derivation that would require repeated finite element analyses may take a long time. To calculate the probability of flood induced failure of bridges efficiently, in the proposed framework, the first order reliability method (FORM) is employed for reducing the required number of finite element analyses. In addition, two software packages specialized for reliability analysis and finite element analysis, FERUM (Finite Element Reliability Using MATLAB) and ABAQUS, are coupled so that they can exchange their inputs and outputs during structural reliability analysis, and a Python based interface for FERUM and ABAQUS is newly developed to effectively coordinate the fragility analysis. The proposed framework of flood fragility analysis is applied to an actual reinforced concrete bridge in South Korea to demonstrate the detailed procedure of the approach.
Deep Convolutional Factor Analyser for Multivariate Time Series Modeling
Venue: 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM)

Deep generative models can perform dramatically better than traditional graphical models in a number of machine learning tasks. However, training such models remains challenging because their latent variables typically do not have an analytical posterior distribution, largely due to the nonlinear activation nodes. We present a deep convolutional factor analyser (DCFA) for multivariate time series modeling. Our network is constructed in a way that bottom layer nodes are independent. Through a process of up sampling and convolution, higher layer nodes gain more temporal dependency. Our model can thus give a time series different representations at different depths. DCFA only consists of linear Gaussian nodes. Therefore, the posterior distributions of latent variables are also Gaussian and can be estimated easily using standard variational Bayes algorithm. We show that even without nonlinearity the proposed deep model can achieve state of the art results in anomaly detection, classification and clustering using both synthetic and real world datasets.
An on line SAX and HMM based anomaly detection and visualization tool for early disturbance discovery in a dynamic industrial process

In order to achieve an optimum and successful operation of an industrial process, it is important firstly to detect upsets, equipment malfunctions or other abnormal events as early as possible and secondly to identify and remove the cause of those events. Univariate and multivariate statistical process control methods have been widely applied in process industries for early fault detection and localization. The primary objective of the proposed research is the design of an anomaly detection and visualization tool that is able to present to the shift operator and to the various levels of plant operation and company management an early, global, accurate and consolidated presentation of the operation of major subgroups or of the whole plant, aided by a graphical form. Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) and Symbolic Aggregate Approximation (SAX) are considered as two of the most popular representations for time series data mining, including clustering, classification, pattern discovery and visualization in time series datasets. However SAX is preferred since it is able to transform a time series into a set of discrete symbols, e.g. into alphabet letters, being thus far more appropriate for a graphical representation of the corresponding information, especially for the shift operator. The methods are applied on individual time records of each process variable, as well as on entire groups of time records of process variables in combination with Hidden Markov Models. In this way, the proposed visualization tool is not only associated with a process defect, but it allows also identifying which specific abnormal situation occurred and if this has also occurred in the past. Case studies based on the benchmark Tennessee Eastman process demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed visualization tool captures meaningful information hidden in the observations and shows superior monitoring performance.
Learning by Doing by Learning: Reflections on scholar activism with the Brisbane Free University.

As universities are swept by a near global tide of capitalist restructuring, myriad forms of resistance are also on the rise. While struggles that grapple directly with universities are vital, different streams of activism aim beyond them, in the form of 'prefigurative' politics one that works to build a better world 'in the shell of the old' This paper focuses on 'free universities' prefigurative projects that re create university like spaces of learning according to their own radical visions of social justice. Drawing on my own experience as a co founder and organiser of the Brisbane Free University, as well as research conducted with 25 free universities across North America, I explore the complex tensions involved in working simultaneously within the academy, and engaging in activism beyond it. I show that most free university activists, myself included, see that it is impossible to distinguish between the inside and outside of the university, and that ultimately working across the 'divide' through prefigurative politics offers a robust means to effect substantive change.
Motivacion autodeterminada y estrategias de afrontamiento en futbolistas un estudio con jugadores en diferentes fases de desarrollo deportivo

Este estudio investigo las relaciones existentes entre las estrategias de afrontamiento (coping) y la motivacion de futbolistas profesionalizados y no profesionalizados de un equipo de la primera division de la liga brasilena. Se empleo una muestra de 182 individuos, evaluados con la Escala de Motivacion Deportiva y el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento. En el analisis de los datos, se utilizaron el test de Mann Whitney, la correlacion de Spearman y regresion multiple. Los resultados senalaron que los jugadores de perfil profesionalizado presentan un grado mas alto en la motivacion autonoma, mientras que los jugadores de perfil no profesionalizado tienden a la desmotivacion. Los jugadores profesionalizados utilizan mas estrategias de Confidence and Achievement Motivation (confianza y motivacion) Peaking under Pressure (rendimiento maximo bajo presion) y Goal Setting (formulacion de objetivos) si se los compara a los no profesionalizados. La motivacion autonoma tuvo impacto sobre las estrategias de Coping with Adversity (afrontamiento de las adversidades) Goal Setting (establecimiento de objetivos) y Confidence and Achievement Motivation (confianza y motivacion) de los jugadores profesionalizados. Se concluye que, para los jugadores profesionalizados, la motivacion autonoma es un elemento clave para impulsar el uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento, mientras que la misma relacion no tiene resultados expresivos en los jugadores no profesionalizados.
Lighting up sound preferences: cross modal influences on the precedence effect in treefrogs
Venue: Animal Behaviour

Perception is frequently cross modal, involving interactions among stimuli in multiple sensory modalities. Cross modal integration of sensory stimuli is well established in humans and laboratory mammals, but the understanding of its mechanisms and evolution is limited by a lack of data from a broader taxonomic range in an ecological framework. Our aim in this study was to test whether the precedence effect, the bias in sound localization towards earlier arriving sounds, which is modulated by simultaneous visual stimulation in humans, is also susceptible to cross modal effects of visual stimulation in two treefrog species, Hyla versicolor and Hyla cinerea. We used two choice playback experiments to test whether female preferences for leading male advertisement call stimuli were enhanced or suppressed, respectively, by visual stimuli co localized with leading or lagging call elements. In contrast to humans, strong female leader preferences were generally robust to cross modal visual stimulation. We propose that divergence in both sensory systems and ecology has led to variation in the relative reliability of visual and acoustic cues of direction, which may explain the differences between humans and frogs. We argue that studies of cross modal effects on sensory processing are an important tool for understanding the evolution of perceptual mechanisms.
The import of within listener variability to understanding the precedence effect.
Venue: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

The purpose of this study was to gather behavioral data concerning the precedence effect as manifested by the localization dominance of the leading elements of compound stimuli. This investigation was motivated by recent findings of Shackleton and Palmer (2006)  who measured the electro physiological responses of single units in the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig. The neural data from Shackleton and Palmer indicated that processing of binaural cues like those relevant to understanding localization dominance is greatly affected by internal, neural noise. In order to evaluate the generality of their physiological results to human perception, the present study measured localization dominance so that behavioral responses within and across sets of samples (i.e. tokens) of frozen noises could be compared. Conceptually consistent with Shackleton and Palmer's neural data, the variability of perceived intracranial lateral positions produced by repeated presentations of the same tokens of noise was greater than the variability of intracranial lateral positions measured across different tokens of noise. This was true for each of the four individual listeners and for each of the 72 stimulus conditions studied. Thus, measured either neuro physiologically (Shackleton and Palmer, 2006) or behaviorally (this study) the import of within listener variability appears to be a general, intrinsic aspect of binaural information processing.
Introduction to themed issue: "Green security in protected areas"

This introduction to the themed issue discusses the articulation of protected areas, conservation, and security in issue contributions. Protected areas are presented as localized sites to address global crises, such as anthropogenic climate change and the "war on terror." When they are sites for securitization and militarization, protected areas articulate state and subject formations through violence. As threat discourses have amplified in recent years, communities once deemed putative eco destroyers have been interpellated as potential threats in wars on drugs and/or terror. The themed issue reveals that reframing environmental crime as organized crime has significant implications for expanding claims of what counts as legitimate use of force in protected areas policing, as well as potential prosecutions. It is apparent that security for one group may hinge on the insecurity of another group at different historical and political moments. In this special issue we challenge conservation actors as well as those critical of conservation to ask: for whom does conservation provide security, under what circumstances, and at what cost?
Iris Cancellable Template Generation Based on Indexing First One Hashing
Venue: NSS

Iris recognition system has demonstrated its strong capability in performing personal verification and identification with promising recognition accuracy. However, the conventional iris recognition system stores the unprotected iris templates in a database, which is potentially being compromised. Even though biometric template protection provides a feasible solution to secure biometric template, a trade off between security and recognition accuracy is incurred. That is, the higher security level always trades with poor recognition accuracy and vice versa. In this paper, a new iris template protection scheme is proposed, namely "Indexing First One" (IFO) hashing. IFO hashing transforms the binary feature into index value with Jacaard distance preservation. The resultant template offers a good indication of inheriting similarity from the IrisCode and strong concealment of IrisCode against inversion attack as well as other major security and privacy attacks. Experiments on CASIA v3 data set substantiate that the proposed scheme can achieve as low as 0.54 equal error rate and well preservation of recognition performance before and after IFO hashing.
Moral Disengagement: How People Do Harm and Live with Themselves, by Albert Bandura. New York: Macmillan, 2016. 544 pp. ISBN: 978 1 4641 6005 9
Venue: Business Ethics Quarterly

Albert Bandura is the doyen of the psychology profession. He is well known for his theory of social learning and self effi cacy. His new book on moral disengagement can be considered a breakthrough in moral psychology and ethics. It shows how the psychological mechanisms of moral disengagement work in business, politics and social life, and how these practices have implications for ethical conduct. Corporate moral transgressions are well known in today's business world. Some corporations are involved in violations of law and moral rules that produce organizational practices and products that take a toll on the public. Social cognitive theory of moral agency, developed by Bandura, provides a conceptual framework for analyzing how otherwise pro social managers adopt socially injurious corporate practices. This is achieved through a type of selective moral disengagement that is seen in many cases of corporate misconduct. Examples range from the Bhopal industrial accident of Union Carbide, to the Ford Pinto case, the Nestle infant formula controversy, the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant case, the Enron and WorldCom scandals of the 2000s and, the wrongdoing witnessed during the most recent fi nancial crisis. Bandura's social cognitive theory offers a robust model of moral agency. In his model, moral thought and self evaluative reactions, moral conduct, and environmental infl uences operate as interacting determinants of each other. Within this triadic model of reciprocal causation, moral agency is exercised through self regulatory mechanisms. Transgressive conduct is regulated by two sets of sanctions, social and personal. Social sanctions are rooted in the fear of external punishment; self sanctions operate through self condemning reactions to one's misconduct. Bandura discovered a number of psycho social mechanisms by which moral control can be selectively disengaged from detrimental conduct. These mechanisms of moral disengagement enable otherwise considerate people to commit transgressive acts without experiencing personal distress and guilt. Using the words of evolutionary psychologist Robert Trivers 2011 people "fool themselves" in order to "fool others." The eight moral disengagement mechanisms identifi ed by Bandura include the following:
Establishing a causal link between gut microbes, body weight gain and glucose metabolism in humans towards treatment with probiotics.
Venue: Beneficial microbes

Changes in the gut microbiota are associated with metabolic disorders, such as overweight and elevated blood glucose. Mouse studies have shown that gut microbiota can regulate metabolism with a mechanism related to gut barrier function. An impaired gut barrier permits the translocation of bacteria and their components which, when in contact with the sub mucosal immune system, evoke metabolic inflammation and distract signalling in metabolically active tissues. Despite thorough research of the topic in animals, the hypothesis is yet to be proven in humans. Cross sectional studies have shown that certain bacterial populations such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Christensenellaceae are better represented in lean individuals compared to those who are overweight or metabolically unhealthy. Although these differences reflect those seen in mice, it is possible that they are caused by different dietary or other lifestyle habits. Diet has an indisputable influence on gut microbiota making it very difficult to draw conclusions on microbiota host interactions from cross sectional studies. Certain research areas do, however, indicate that gut microbiota could causally influence metabolism. Several studies show that antibiotic use in infancy increases body weight in later childhood. Also, probiotics are emerging as a potential therapy for metabolic syndrome. In fact, a handful of human studies and numerous animal studies show promise for probiotics in reducing blood glucose levels or improving insulin sensitivity. For weight management human evidence is scarcer. Nevertheless, it is becoming increasingly recognised that gut microbiota plays a part regulating metabolism, also in humans, which gives rise to novel opportunities for preventative and treatment strategies.
School staff, parent and student perceptions of a Breakfast in the Classroom model during initial implementation
Venue: Public Health Nutrition

To understand perspectives of stakeholders during initial district wide implementation of a Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC) model of the School Breakfast Program.  Qualitative data were collected from twenty nine focus groups and twenty interviews with stakeholders in a school district early in the process of implementing a BIC model of the School Breakfast Program.  Ten elementary schools within a large, urban school district in the USA that served predominantly low income, racial/ethnic minority students. Subjects Purposively selected stakeholders in elementary schools that had implemented BIC for 3 6 months: students (n 85) parents/guardians (n 86) classroom teachers (n 44) cafeteria managers (n 10) and principals (n 10)  Four primary themes emerged, which were interpreted based on the Diffusion of Innovations model. School staff had changed their perceptions of both the relative disadvantages and costs related to time and effort of BIC over time; the majority of each stakeholder group expressed an appreciation for BIC; student breakfast consumption varied from day to day, related to compatibility of foods with child preferences; and stakeholders held mixed and various impressions of BIC's potential impacts.  The study underscores the importance of engaging school staff and parents in discussions of BIC programming prior to its initiation to pre emptively address concerns related to cost, relative disadvantages and compatibility with child preferences and school routines/workflow. Effectively communicating with stakeholders about positive impacts and nutritional value of the meals may improve support for BIC. These findings provide new information to policy makers, districts and practitioners that can be used to improve implementation efforts, model delivery and outcomes.
Highly conductive air stable ZnO thin film formation under in situ UV illumination for an indium free transparent electrode

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered as the strongest alternative to tin doped indium oxide (ITO) a commonly used, but an expensive state of the art material for transparent conducting electrodes. This work reports the low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of a highly transparent, and highly conductive air stable thin film of ZnO under in situ UV irradiation of the growing film. X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals that the UV irradiation generates oxygen vacancies, partially removes O H bonds, and thereby improves the electrical conductivity. Thus, in contrast to 0.25 O cm resistivity of the pristine ZnO film, the in situ UV irradiated ZnO film shows an electrical resistivity of 5.5 x 10 4 O cm, and an optical transparency of nearly 90% which are closer to that of ITO. In addition, even on prolonged exposure of the film to air, it demonstrates high stability against the degradation of the electrical conductivity.
Recursive Recurrent Nets with Attention Modeling for OCR in the Wild
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

We present recursive recurrent neural networks with attention modeling (R2AM) for lexicon free optical character recognition in natural scene images. The primary advantages of the proposed method are: (1) use of recursive convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which allow for parametrically efficient and effective image feature extraction, (2) an implicitly learned character level language model, embodied in a recurrent neural network which avoids the need to use N grams, and (3) the use of a soft attention mechanism, allowing the model to selectively exploit image features in a coordinated way, and allowing for end to end training within a standard backpropagation framework. We validate our method with state of the art performance on challenging benchmark datasets: Street View Text, IIIT5k, ICDAR and Synth90k.
Siete tesis en el horizonte. Nuevos mitos y viejas utopias para la ensenanza

Hacia fines del siglo pasado, la Nueva Agenda de la Didactica surgio como una fuerte interpelacion hacia el abandono de la tradicion tecnocratica y una apuesta potente hacia la paulatina resignificacion de la educacion formal como capaz de promover el pensamiento profundo. Las necesidades sociales eran entonces tan acuciantes como las urgencias disciplinares por superar la mirada ingenua, simplista y delgada de la ensenanza como metodo, que en ultima instancia diluia al sujeto en un protocolo de procedimientos tendientes a resultados. Mucho se habia avanzado ya en la conceptualizacion del campo y, a medida que se difundieron trabajos e investigaciones, se fue consolidando en el discurso una metamorfosis plena de lo que se habia entendido hasta entonces muy delgadamente como didactica. El cambio, sin embargo, impregno el nivel discursivo sin llegar a encarnar en las practicas. Las razones son multiples y complejas, y solo se abordaran tangencial y conjeturalmente en este ensayo. En cambio, la presente publicacion se propone delinear siete certezas adquiridas, vivas en el discurso, y problematizar respecto de algunas situaciones y condiciones que podrian gestar nuevos escenarios educativos consonantes con tales pronunciamientos.