nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in the biological removal of sulphides from aqueous phase in anaerobic processes: A review

In this paper, we review the latest developments in biological methods used in the removal of hydrogen sulphide, present in the liquid phase in anaerobic reactors. The toxicity of H2S to methane forming microorganisms and the problems caused by the presence of this compound in the biogas generated during this process, as well as the main causes of hydrogen sulphide generation in anaerobic processes of wastes are also reviewed. We especially discuss the fundamentals in applying micro aerobic conditions to remove dissolved hydrogen sulphide from the aqueous phase of an anaerobic reactor. The alternative technology of simultaneous removal of sulphide, nitrate, and organic matter is under recent investigation. Therefore, this review paper includes a study and analysis of the microbiological basis of this technology, the physical and chemical factors that influence the process and the potential application of this technology on different types of wastewaters and situations. Also considered are the fundamentals.
Biotechnological removal of H2S and thiols from sour gas streams under haloalkaline conditions

Biotechnological removal of H2S and thiols from sour gas streams under haloalkaline conditions Pawel Roman Abstract Biological removal of H2S from sour gas streams became popular in recent years because of high process efficiency and low operational costs. To expand the scope of these processes to gas streams containing volatile organosulfur compounds, like thiols, it is necessary to provide new insights into their impact on overall biodesulfurization process. In the current thesis multidisciplinary investigations are performed, such as investigations of inhibitory effects of organic sulfur compounds on sulfide oxidizing biomass by biochemical and enzyme studies; modelling of the process performance and biological pathways; preparation of analytical tools for measuring unstable sulfur compounds under the process conditions; following the microbial dynamics. The research described in this thesis increases the understanding of the underlying processes occurring in biological gas desulfurization systems when organosulfur compounds are present in the feed gas and provides solutions how to cope with these compounds in full scale gas biodesulfurization installations.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism.
Venue: European urology

Few observational studies have investigated the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa)  To determine whether the use of different types of ADT in patients with PCa is associated with an increased incidence of VTE.  A population based cohort study was conducted using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics repository. The cohort consisted of men newly diagnosed with PCa between April 1, 1998, and March 31, 2014.  Cox proportional hazards models with a time varying exposure definition were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of patients hospitalized for VTE associated with current and past ADT use compared with nonuse. A secondary analysis was conducted to assess the risk with current use of specific types of ADT.  The cohort included 21 729 patients, of whom 609 were hospitalized for VTE during follow up. Current ADT use was associated with an 84% increased risk of VTE (incidence rates: 10.1 vs 4.8 per 1000 person years; HR: 1.84; 95% CI, 1.50 2.26) whereas there was no association with past use (HR: 1.07; 95% CI, 0.81 1.42) In the secondary analysis, most types of ADT were associated with a high risk of VTE. Residual confounding is possible given the observational nature of the study.  The use of ADT was associated with an overall 84% increased risk of VTE, with the risk elevated for most ADT types.  In this study, we investigated whether androgen deprivation therapy was associated with the risk of blood clots in a cohort of patients with prostate cancer. We observed that the risk was nearly doubled in patients who used ADT compared with those who never used it. This treatment should be reserved for patients for whom the benefits outweigh the risks.
Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and the risk of hospitalisation for community acquired pneumonia
Venue: Thorax

Androgens have been shown to influence both the immune system and lung tissue, raising the hypothesis that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer may increase the risk of pneumonia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether ADT is associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation for community acquired pneumonia in patients with prostate cancer.  This was a population based cohort study using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics repository. The cohort consisted of 20 310 men newly diagnosed with non metastatic prostate cancer between 1 April 1998 and 31 March 2015. Time dependent Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for hospitalisation for community acquired pneumonia associated with current and past use of ADT compared with non use.  During a mean follow up of 4.3 years, there were 621 incident hospitalisations for community acquired pneumonia (incidence rate: 7.2/1000 person years) Current ADT use was associated with an 81% increased risk of hospitalisation for community acquired pneumonia (12.1 vs 3.8 per 1000 person years, respectively; HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.23) The association was observed within the first six months of use (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.42) and remained elevated with increasing durations of use =25 months; HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.30) In contrast, past ADT use was not associated with an increased risk (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.60)  The use of ADT is associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation for community acquired pneumonia in men with prostate cancer.
Modified Grice Green subtalar arthrodesis performed using a partial fibular graft yields satisfactory results in patients with cerebral palsy
Venue: Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B

The aim of this study was to report the experience with the use of a modified Grice Green technique, which was performed using a partial subperiosteal fibular bone graft because of valgus unstable foot in children with cerebral palsy. Fifteen feet of 11 patients were evaluated on the basis of the appearance of the feet, clinical symptoms, and radiographic measurements. After an average follow up duration of 24 (9 39) months, all feet showed satisfactory clinical and radiological results. Solid fusion and sustained correction took place in all feet. The gap at the donor site was bridged with new bone in all cases. No donor site morbidity was detected. This modification of the Grice Green technique can be used effectively in the correction of planovalgus foot in cerebral palsy.
An Improved Method for Handwritten Document Analysis Using Segmentation, Baseline Recognition and Writing Pressure Detection

Handwritten document analysis is a scientific technique for identifying and understanding the personality of a writer through the strokes and patterns revealed by writer's handwriting. This research proposed an off line handwritten document analysis through segmentation, skew recognition and writing pressure detection for cursive handwritten document. The proposed segmentation method is based on modified horizontal and vertical projection that can segment the text lines and words even if the presence of overlapped and multi skewed text lines. Proposed work also present orthogonal projection based baseline recognition and normalization method as well as writing pressure detection method that can predict the personality of a writer from the baseline and writing pressure. The proposed method was tested on more than 550 text images of IAM database and sample handwriting image which are written by the different writer on the different background. The proposed method also provides a comparative study of the details analysis of the proposed method with other existing methods.
A New Postindustrial Nature: Remembering the Wild Waterfront of Hunters Point

This essay explores engagement with postindustrial landscapes and conceptions of nature at Hunters Point, a formerly vacant waterfront site in Queens, New York City. Chronicling and documenting a number of appropriations and transgressive practices at this postindustrial site, it argues for the necessity of vacant spaces within dense contemporary cities, like New York. Vacant or marginal spaces, particularly those on the water's edge, offer opportunities for environmental engagement that are not available in traditional or emerging parks and public spaces, and speak to basic human impulses or needs to convene with the natural environment in which we live.
Self Assembly of Colloidal Nanocrystals: From Intricate Structures to Functional Materials.
Venue: Chemical reviews

Chemical methods developed over the past two decades enable preparation of colloidal nanocrystals with uniform size and shape. These Brownian objects readily order into superlattices. Recently, the range of accessible inorganic cores and tunable surface chemistries dramatically increased, expanding the set of nanocrystal arrangements experimentally attainable. In this review, we discuss efforts to create next generation materials via bottom up organization of nanocrystals with preprogrammed functionality and self assembly instructions. This process is often driven by both interparticle interactions and the influence of the assembly environment. The introduction provides the reader with a practical overview of nanocrystal synthesis, self assembly, and superlattice characterization. We then summarize the theory of nanocrystal interactions and examine fundamental principles governing nanocrystal self assembly from hard and soft particle perspectives borrowed from the comparatively established fields of micrometer colloids and block copolymer assembly. We outline the extensive catalog of superlattices prepared to date using hydrocarbon capped nanocrystals with spherical, polyhedral, rod, plate, and branched inorganic core shapes, as well as those obtained by mixing combinations thereof. We also provide an overview of structural defects in nanocrystal superlattices. We then explore the unique possibilities offered by leveraging nontraditional surface chemistries and assembly environments to control superlattice structure and produce nonbulk assemblies. We end with a discussion of the unique optical, magnetic, electronic, and catalytic properties of ordered nanocrystal superlattices, and the coming advances required to make use of this new class of solids.
Self assembly of highly efficient, broadband plasmonic absorbers for solar steam generation
Venue: Science Advances

A self assembling plasmonic absorber absorbs light efficiently across a wide range of wavelengths and could be used in nanophotonic devices. The study of ideal absorbers, which can efficiently absorb light over a broad range of wavelengths, is of fundamental importance, as well as critical for many applications from solar steam generation and thermophotovoltaics to light/thermal detectors. As a result of recent advances in plasmonics, plasmonic absorbers have attracted a lot of attention. However, the performance and scalability of these absorbers, predominantly fabricated by the top down approach, need to be further improved to enable widespread applications. We report a plasmonic absorber which can enable an average measured absorbance of ~99% across the wavelengths from 400 nm to 10 mm, the most efficient and broadband plasmonic absorber reported to date. The absorber is fabricated through self assembly of metallic nanoparticles onto a nanoporous template by a one step deposition process. Because of its efficient light absorption, strong field enhancement, and porous structures, which together enable not only efficient solar absorption but also significant local heating and continuous stream flow, plasmonic absorber based solar steam generation has over 90% efficiency under solar irradiation of only 4 sun intensity (4 kW m 2) The pronounced light absorption effect coupled with the high throughput self assembly process could lead toward large scale manufacturing of other nanophotonic structures and devices.
Accurate biopsy needle depth estimation in limited angle tomography using multi view geometry
Venue: SPIE Medical Imaging

Recently, compressed sensing based algorithms have enabled volume reconstruction from projection images acquired over a relatively small angle (th 20deg) These methods enable accurate depth estimation of surgical tools with respect to anatomical structures. However, they are computationally expensive and time consuming, rendering them unattractive for image guided interventions. We propose an alternative approach for depth estimation of biopsy needles during image guided interventions, in which we split the problem into two parts and solve them independently: needle depth estimation and volume reconstruction. The complete proposed system consists of the previous two steps, preceded by needle extraction. First, we detect the biopsy needle in the projection images and remove it by interpolation. Next, we exploit epipolar geometry to find point to point correspondences in the projection images to triangulate the 3D position of the needle in the volume. Finally, we use the interpolated projection images to reconstruct the local anatomical structures and indicate the position of the needle within this volume. For validation of the algorithm, we have recorded a full CT scan of a phantom with an inserted biopsy needle. The performance of our approach ranges from a median error of 2.94 mm for an distributed viewing angle of 1deg down to an error of 0.30 mm for an angle larger than 10deg. Based on the results of this initial phantom study, we conclude that multi view geometry offers an attractive alternative to time consuming iterative methods for the depth estimation of surgical tools during C arm based image guided interventions.
Skin Bleaching and Dermatologic Health of African and Afro Caribbean Populations in the US: New Directions for Methodologically Rigorous, Multidisciplinary, and Culturally Sensitive Research
Venue: Dermatology and Therapy

Skin bleaching practices, such as using skin creams and soaps to achieve a lighter skin tone, are common throughout the world and are triggered by cosmetic reasons that oftentimes have deep historical, economic, sociocultural, and psychosocial roots. Exposure to chemicals in the bleaching products, notably, mercury (Hg) hydroquinone, and steroids, has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects, such as Hg poisoning and exogenous ochronosis. In New York City (NYC) skin care product use has been identified as an important route of Hg exposure, especially among Caribbean born blacks and Dominicans. However, surprisingly sparse information is available on the epidemiology of the health impacts of skin bleaching practices among these populations. We highlight the dearth of large scale, comprehensive, community based, clinical, and translational research in this area, especially the limited skin bleaching related research among non White populations in the US. We offer five new research directions, including investigating the known and under studied health consequences among populations for which the skin bleach practice is newly emerging at an alarming rate using innovative laboratory and statistical methods. We call for conducting methodologically rigorous, multidisciplinary, and culturally sensitive research in order to provide insights into the root and the epidemiological status of the practice and provide evidence of exposure outcome associations, with an ultimate goal of developing potential intervention strategies to reduce the health burdens of skin bleaching practice.
Bi Transferring Deep Neural Networks for Domain Adaptation
Venue: ACL

Sentiment classification aims to automatically predict sentiment polarity (e.g. positive or negative) of user generated sentiment data (e.g. reviews, blogs) Due to the mismatch among different domains, a sentiment classifier trained in one domain may not work well when directly applied to other domains. Thus, domain adaptation for sentiment classification algorithms are highly desirable to reduce the domain discrepancy and manual labeling costs. To address the above challenge, we propose a novel domain adaptation method, called Bi Transferring Deep Neural Networks (BTDNNs) The proposed BTDNNs attempts to transfer the source domain examples to the target domain, and also transfer the target domain examples to the source domain. The linear transformation of BTDNNs ensures the feasibility of transferring between domains, and the distribution consistency between the transferred domain and the desirable domain is constrained with a linear data reconstruction manner. As a result, the transferred source domain is supervised and follows similar distribution as the target domain. Therefore, any supervised method can be used on the transferred source domain to train a classifier for sentiment classification in a target domain. We conduct experiments on a benchmark composed of reviews of 4 types of Amazon products. Experimental results show that our proposed approach significantly outperforms the several baseline methods, and achieves an accuracy which is competitive with the state of the art method for domain adaptation.
Visualizing structural "inverted pyramids" in English news discourse across levels

Drawing on an analogy between discourse and syntactic trees, this paper chooses 359 Wall Street Journal articles with multiple paragraphs from the Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) Discourse Treebank, and converts each discourse tree into three additional dependency ones, at discourse, paragraph and sentence levels, with exclusively elementary discourse units of clauses, sentences and paragraphs, respectively. It empirically tests and visually presents the genre specific "summary+details" or "inverted pyramid" structuring of news discourse. It further extends the idea of inverted pyramid structuring to the paragraph and sentence levels. It proves that the body of the report also has a similar schematic top down installment organization with macro propositions on top. It also visually and statistically presents the rhetorical structures at sentence level, which differ to some extent from grammatical structures. Operated in line with the compositionality criterion and hierarchy principle of RST, the converted trees provide unique analytical advantages and constitute new research prospects.
Ideological struggle over epistemic and political positions in news discourse on migrant activism in Sweden

The specific aim of this study is to investigate how a group of migrant rights activists in Sweden are positioned in news discourse. The more general aim of this study is to understand the conditions under which activists participate within news discourse. Through a critical discourse analytical (CDA) framework, with specific focus on the use of epistemic and dynamic modalities in the presentation of activists' statements, the analysis shows what kinds of knowledge claims can be constructed and from what discursive position. Furthermore, the analysis shows what kind of political claims the activists can make. The activists are positioned as 'dreamers' in relation to political possibilities and as 'experiencing individuals' in relation to knowledge claims. The main conclusion of the article is that journalistic discourse has inherent ideological resources to include activist voices: at the same time, it is able to exclude the political relevance of activism.
On Migrant Workers' Social Status in Taiwan: A Critical Analysis of Mainstream News Discourse

It is estimated that around 20 million Southeast Asians work outside of their home country. In 1991, Taiwan first introduced about 3,000 migrant workers from Thailand. In mid 2015, there were approximately 579,000 migrant workers who came under the category of foreign laborers mainly from Southeast Asia. However, there is scarce research on representations of the south south international migration. This study critically analyzes mainstream news discourse on migrant workers in Taiwan to discern their relations to their residing society. Four themes emerged: objectification of foreign laborers; differentiated and gendered marginalization; multilevel triangulations over migrant bodies; and imperialistic cultural attitudes toward migrant workers. Through omissions, inferences, and emphases on particular events in news reports, the migrant workers are in an impossible position to exist politically, economically, and culturally in Taiwanese society.
Defining health risk by media template: Hong Kong's news discourse of the Swine Flu pandemic

In the risk society that has resulted from modernization, power rests with those who define risks. In the midst of uncertainties and controversies surrounding unpredictable risks, the news value of objectivity becomes a key justification for news organizations and journalists narrating speculation of social risks in news discourses. I shed light on the theorization of 'media template' and construct a three step model to examine how highly unknown social risks are constructed as social facts in the process of news making. News discourse first represents a simplified and distorted 'lesson learnt' from a past exemplary event of concerned social risk. Second, it marginalizes meanings other than those constructed by that exemplar. Last, the news discourse 'repairs' its narration when contradictory evidence emerges. I explicate the model by demonstrating how Hong Kong's news discourse about the Swine Flu pandemic in 2009 drew upon the exemplar of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic in 2003. I also discuss the implications of media template to news construction of social risks with reference to the theoretical underpinnings of risk society.
Translating news discourse on the Crimean crisis: patterns of reframing on the Russian website InoSMI

This article draws on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and framing in order to explore how the Western coverage of the 2014 Crimean crisis is represented on the Russian news translation website InoSMI. Based on the analysis of 770 original and 39 translated articles from The Guardian, Wall Street Journal, Le Monde and Le Figaro, the study exposes various framing mechanisms that allow the Russian website to reconfigure the West's discourse along a moral, economic, political and military axis, according to a pattern that Van Dijk refers to as the 'ideological square' Through selective appropriation, shifts in translations and visual strategies, InoSMI produces a discourse that is more in line with the Kremlin's official viewpoints than the original data set. In the translation process, Russia emerges as a powerful yet honourable player on the global stage, while the West's morally ambiguous position in the conflict and the divisions within its ranks are brought to the fore.