nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A Unit level Quantile Nested Error Regression Model for Domain Prediction with Continuous and Discrete Outcomes

In this paper we will present recent work on a new unit level small area methodology that can be used with continuous and discrete outcomes. The proposed method is based on constructing a model based estimator of the distribution function by using a nested error regression model for the quantiles of the target outcome. A general set of domain specific parameters that extends beyond averages is then estimated by sampling from the estimated distribution function. For fitting the model we exploit the link between the Asymmetric Laplace Distribution and maximum likelihood estimation for quantile regression. The specification of the distribution of the random effects is considered in some detail by exploring the use of parametric and non parametric alternatives. The use of the proposed methodology with discrete (count) outcomes requires appropriate transformations, in particular jittering. For the case of discrete outcomes the methodology relaxes the restrictive assumptions of the Poisson generalised linear mixed model and allows for what is potentially a more flexible mean variance relationship. Mean Squared Error estimation is discussed. Extensive model based simulations are used for comparing the proposed methodology to alternative unit level methodologies for estimating a broad range of complex parameters.
What Should Be the Role of Computer Games in Education?

Game advocates call for replacing conventional schooling with educational activities based on computer games. These claims were examined by reviewing published research on games for learning and then drawing policy implications. Value added research shows that the most promising features of games use conversational language, put words in spoken form, add prompts to explain, add advice or explanations, and add relevant pregame activities. Cognitive consequences research shows that first person shooter games improve perceptual attention skills. Media comparison research shows that games are more effective than conventional media for science learning. However, an educational revolution based on gaming is not indicated. Policy implications are to use games for targeted learning objectives, align games with classroom activities, avoid confusing liking with learning, and use games to adapt activities to maintain challenge. Research evidence informs decisions about educational games.
Multipath TCP: Analysis, Design, and Implementation
Venue: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

Multipath TCP (MP TCP) has the potential to greatly improve application performance by using multiple paths transparently. We propose a fluid model for a large class of MP TCP algorithms and identify design criteria that guarantee the existence, uniqueness, and stability of system equilibrium. We clarify how algorithm parameters impact TCP friendliness, responsiveness, and window oscillation and demonstrate an inevitable tradeoff among these properties. We discuss the implications of these properties on the behavior of existing algorithms and motivate our algorithm Balia (balanced linked adaptation) which generalizes existing algorithms and strikes a good balance among TCP friendliness, responsiveness, and window oscillation. We have implemented Balia in the Linux kernel. We use our prototype to compare the new algorithm to existing MP TCP algorithms.
SDN based automated testbed for evaluating multipath TCP
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC)

Multipath TCP is an extension to TCP protocol that allows a single connection to be split across multiple paths. MPTCP overcomes few limitations of TCP thereby offering added benefits like increased throughput and network resource utilization and resilience to possible link failures. Different data paths over the network face different end to end path delay. The performance of MPTCP is affected not only by the delay but also by the difference in delays experienced by various paths of the same connection. MPTCP runs on the host, and it is not aware of the underlying network topology. Hosts cannot create optimal paths to destination without assistance from a network control element. We use SDN technology to provide this assistance to MPTCP and to setup best available paths for MPTCP connections. In this paper we present the design of an SDN based path manager for MPTCP, the implementation of an automated testbed for performance evaluation, and an in depth analysis of different scheduling algorithms to understand how delay and delay differences between the paths affect the overall performance of MPTCP protocol.
Debugging with gdb

gdb is intended for C, C+ and FORTRAN programs. To use gdb effectively, you should compile all programs using the " g" option, to include program symbolic names in the compiler output. When this is done, gdb will be able to list lines in your source program, find the start of each procedure or method in your program, and find and print program variables. gdb will also know the declared type of each variable, and can print the variables in a useful format, based on this knowledge.
Cortical Brain Activity Reflecting Attentional Biasing Toward Reward Predicting Cues Covaries with Economic Decision Making Performance.
Venue: Cerebral cortex

Adaptive choice behavior depends critically on identifying and learning from outcome predicting cues. We hypothesized that attention may be preferentially directed toward certain outcome predicting cues. We studied this possibility by analyzing event related potential (ERP) responses in humans during a probabilistic decision making task. Participants viewed pairs of outcome predicting visual cues and then chose to wager either a small (i.e. loss minimizing) or large (i.e. gain maximizing) amount of money. The cues were bilaterally presented, which allowed us to extract the relative neural responses to each cue by using a contralateral versus ipsilateral ERP contrast. We found an early lateralized ERP response, whose features matched the attention shift related N2pc component and whose amplitude scaled with the learned reward predicting value of the cues as predicted by an attention for reward model. Consistently, we found a double dissociation involving the N2pc. Across participants, gain maximization positively correlated with the N2pc amplitude to the most reliable gain predicting cue, suggesting an attentional bias toward such cues. Conversely, loss minimization was negatively correlated with the N2pc amplitude to the most reliable loss predicting cue, suggesting an attentional avoidance toward such stimuli. These results indicate that learned stimulus reward associations can influence rapid attention allocation, and that differences in this process are associated with individual differences in economic decision making performance.
Interpreting Spatiotemporal Parameters, Symmetry, and Variability in Clinical Gait Analysis

Spatiotemporal parameters (STP) are widely studied variables in clinical gait analysis. Yet they often remain underutilized despite the rich information they provide about organization and control of the patient's progress. Building on them requires a broad knowledge of the "normal" gait, before to being able to understand the impact of pathological disorders. We hope to provide information to better grasp and understand the STP while highlighting important points. Through this chapter, we will introduce basics of the gait cycle, before considering the components for which the STP may be informative: rhythm, pace, phases, postural control, asymmetry, and variability. We will define main parameters for each component and discuss their use regarding state of the art. Then factors influencing STP will be addressed to understand how these parameters change during life, when a child learns to walk or when the advance in age affected gait in the elderly, as well as the influence of diseases. Indeed, various pathologies affect the walk, and the most relevant STP are not always the same. We will consider Friedreich ataxia, which is a neurodegenerative disease, in which combination of cerebellar, pyramidal syndromes, and axonal neuropathy cause a rapid degeneration of the walking ability and therefore lead to various observable gait patterns. We will also illustrate how PST can be useful to A. Gouelle Gait and Balance Academy, ProtoKinetics, Havertown, PA, USA e mail: arnaud.gouelle@gmail.com F. Megrot Unite Clinique d'Analyse de la Marche et du Mouvement, Centre de Medecine Physique et de Readaptation pour Enfants de Bois Larris Croix Rouge Francaise, Lamorlaye, France UMR CNRS 7338: Biomecanique et Bioingenierie, Sorbonne Universites, Universite de Technologie de Compiegne, Compiegne, France e mail: fabrice.megrot@croix rouge.fr Springer International Publishing AG 2016 B. Muller, S.I. Wolf (eds. Handbook of Human Motion,  1 1 document the most appropriate time for a patient to change from one assistive device to another. The final portion will aim to give paths for clinical interpretation while thinking about the concepts of limitation and adaptation.
The three dimensional kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in 6 10 year old typically developed children in the Cape Metropole of South Africa a pilot study
Venue: BMC Pediatrics

BackgroundFunctional gait is an integral part of life, allowing individuals to function within their environment and participate in activities of daily living. Gait assessment forms an essential part of a physical examination and can help screen for physical impairments. No three dimensional (3D) gait analysis studies of children have been conducted in South Africa. South African gait analysis laboratory protocols and procedures may differ from laboratories in other countries, therefore a South African data base of normative values is required to make a valid assessment of South African children's gait. The primary aim of this study is to describe joint kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in South African children to constitute a normative database and secondly to assess if there are age related differences in aforementioned gait parameters. descriptive study was conducted. Twenty eight typically developing children were conveniently sampled from the Cape Metropole in the Western Cape, South Africa. The 3D lower limb kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were analyzed. The lower limb Plug in Gait (PIG) marker placement was used. Participants walked bare foot at self selected speed. Means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated for all spatiotemporal and kinematic outcomes. Children were sub divided into two groups (Group A: 6 8 years and Group B: 9 10 years) for comparison.ResultsA significant difference between the two sub groups for the normalized mean hip rotation minimum values (p 0.036) was found. There was no significant difference between the sub groups for any other kinematic parameter or when comparing the normalized spatiotemporal parameters.ConclusionThe study's findings concluded that normalized spatiotemporal parameters are similar between the two age groups and are consistent with the values of children from other countries. The joint kinematic values showed significant differences for hip rotation, indicating that older children had more external rotation than younger children.
Study on characteristics of the piezoelectric energy harvesting from the torsional vibration of thin walled cantilever beams
Venue: 2016 12th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA)

In this paper, a piezoelectric energy harvesting structure based on the torsional vibration in the second mode is presented, which is composed of a thin walled cantilever beam with PZT piezoelectric material and an eccentric proof mass. It has some advantages, such as small displacement amplitudes, uniform strain, and lower natural frequency. Firstly, based on the torsion theory of thin walled bar (or beam) the static and dynamic theoretical torsion models of the harvester structure are established and its static and dynamic characteristics are derived. Then based on constitutive equation of piezoelectric materials, some characteristics of piezoelectric output such as open voltage are derived. The advantage of the models we made is that the analytical solutions of output characteristics clearly and concisely show the relationship between the related parameters and the output results. After modeling, we have made relevant theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and experiments by using PZT 5H as the piezoelectric material. The results show that the second modal frequency of the structure is 124.72 Hz. Under this condition, the open circuit voltage can reach 1.82 V when the excitation acceleration is 10 m/s2; the torsion angle can reach 0.341deg when the excitation acceleration is 3 m/s2. From the results of mechanical and electrical output obtained by theoretical calculations, numerical simulations and experiments, it is found that they are all in good agreement with each other.
Semi supervised learning using multiple one dimensional embedding based adaptive interpolation
Venue: Int. J. Wavelets Multiresolution Inf. Process.

We propose a novel semi supervised learning (SSL) scheme using adaptive interpolation on multiple one dimensional (1D) embedded data. For a given high dimensional dataset, we smoothly map it onto several different 1D sequences, so that the labeled subset is converted to a 1D subset for each of these sequences. Applying the cubic interpolation of the labeled subset, we obtain a subset of unlabeled points, which are assigned to the same label in all interpolations. Selecting a proportion of these points at random and adding them to the current labeled subset, we build a larger labeled subset for the next interpolation. Repeating the embedding and interpolation, we enlarge the labeled subset gradually, and finally reach a labeled set with a reasonable large size, based on which the final classifier is constructed. We explore the use of the proposed scheme in the classification of handwritten digits and show promising results.
Crypto tutor: An educational tool for learning modern cryptography
Venue: 2016 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY)

This paper presents Crypto Tutor, a tool for learning modern cryptographic algorithms. Our tool offers an interactive way to learn about the uses and structure of several popular cryptographic algorithms, as well as the underlying mathematical concepts which guarantee the security of these algorithms. Crypto Tutor also offers performance benchmarking of the algorithms for several datasets, as well as an interactive environment where the algorithms can be executed for custom input and configuration. This tool was used in the classroom, as part of two undergraduate courses in the Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad. Here we also present our experiences with using Crypto Tutor in the classroom, and formally evaluate the usefulness of this tool.
Landfill taxes and Enhanced Waste Management: Combining valuable practices with respect to future waste streams.
Venue: Waste management

Both landfill taxes and Enhanced Waste Management (EWM) practices can mitigate the scarcity issue of landfill capacity by respectively reducing landfilled waste volumes and valorising future waste streams. However, high landfill taxes might erode incentives for EWM, even though EWM creates value by valorising waste. Concentrating on Flanders (Belgium) the paper applies dynamic optimisation modelling techniques to analyse how landfill taxation and EWM can reinforce each other and how taxation schemes can be adjusted in order to foster sustainable and welfare maximising ways of processing future waste streams. Based on the Flemish simulation results, insights are offered that are generally applicable in international waste and resource management policy. As shown, the optimal Flemish landfill tax that optimises welfare in the no EWM scenario is higher than the one in the EWM scenario (93 against EUR50/ton) This difference should create incentives for applying EWM and is driven by the positive external effects that are generated by EWM practices. In Flanders, as the current landfill tax is slightly lower than these optimal levels, the choice that can be made is to further increase taxation levels or show complete commitment to EWM. A first generally applicable insight that was found points to the fact that it is not necessarily the case that the higher the landfill tax, the more effective waste management improvements can be realised. Other insights are about providing sufficient incentives for applying EMW practices and formulating appropriate pleas in support of technological development. By these insights, this paper should provide relevant information that can assist in triggering the transition towards a resource efficient, circular economy in Europe.
Arg924X homozygous mutation in insulin receptor gene in a Tunisian patient with Donohue syndrome
Venue: Journal of pediatric endocrinology metabolism JPEM

Donohue syndrome (DS) is a rare and lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene, manifesting marked insulin resistance, severe growth retardation, hypertrichosis, and characteristic dysmorphic features. We describe a new case of Donohue syndrome born at 37 weeks' gestation of unrelated parents and presented with intra uterine growth retardation, nipple hypertrophy, macropenis, distended abdomen, hirsutism and dysmorphic features. The clinical course showed failure to thrive, and episodes of alternating hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Laboratory tests revealed direct hyperbilirubinemia. The diagnosis of Donohue syndrome was established based on the above clinical characteristics and determination of the INSR mutation. He was found to have homozygous nonsense mutation c. 2270 C>T (Arg924X) at exon 14 of the INSR gene. He later developed enterocolitis and died at 3 months old. Prenatal diagnosis was performed for the family via chorionic villous biopsy. We try to explain gastrointestinal dysfunction seen in our patient.
The relationship of plantar cutaneous sensation and standing balance post stroke
Venue: Topics in stroke rehabilitation

Stroke rehabilitation best practices recommend interventions to address individual deficits, guided by a comprehensive assessment to identify specific impairments. The relationship of motor impairments to balance has been well investigated, but the role of impaired plantar cutaneous sensation is less understood, despite the fact that 41% of individuals post stroke have this deficit. The study objectives were to (1) characterize the relationship between plantar sensation and measures of standing balance control and (2) determine the threshold of sensory impairment related to balance impairment post stroke.  Monofilament test scores, force plate measures of standing balance control and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores were extracted from 52 inpatient rehabilitation charts. Spearman correlations were conducted between sensation and balance measures. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was completed to determine the monofilament score that best discriminates between individuals with impaired and unimpaired balance (as defined by variability of center of pressure [COP] in the mediolateral direction)  Plantar sensation of the affected foot was correlated with anteroposterior COP variability in standing with eyes closed and BBS scores. ROC analysis determined that a monofilament cut off of 4.31 log(mg) discriminated individuals with impaired balance with 73% sensitivity and 70% specificity.  The present results suggest that plantar cutaneous sensation deficits contribute to balance impairment post stroke. The monofilament cutoff score may help clinicians determine whether impaired plantar cutaneous sensation is a contributing factor to a patient's balance deficits.
Business Model Evaluation based on WTP Model

To provide the baseline for pricing, this paper proposes pricing by rating (PBR) as pricing model at micro foundations level that can work as the baseline for all pricing models as well as an assessment criterion of business model in all circumstances. It sets up firstly WTP (willingness to pay/purchase) model from explicit needs and develops PBR based on the ordinal scale of the difference between the WTP and the WTS (willingness to supply/sell) by comparing individually the corresponding element/component of a firm's actual marketing mix 4P with that of the best SPEC (solution, price indicator by WTP, encouragement, channel) as an ideal 4P a customer expects and also by comparing the interaction between the 4P and the best SPEC as a whole collectively. And through illustrations it shows its applicability to evaluating business model in practice and finally asserts that PBR works as the baseline for pricing policy and as a criterion of business model evaluation in any circumstances.
The Global Development of Halal Food Industry: a Survey

This study aims to observe the existence of Halal food industry in developed and developing countries, and ways to increase the acceptance towards Halal products from non Moslem societies.The finding indicates that although developed countries have less Moslem but the market share for Halal food is high. Countries with less Moslem population namely Thailand, United Kingdom and Australia can capture the opportunity of Halal food in the global market. Thus, most of Halal food exporters are coming from there. Halal food industry can be a catalyst to develop other potential sectors who get the negative impact from economic crisis in a country with less Moslem population. Countries namely Thailand, Australia, United Kingdom and Japan have applied commercial farm in their supply management to support their Halal food production. Furthermore, the awareness of consuming Halal food also come from non Moslem due to the safer and freshness of the food. Hence it is important for producer to promote Halal food as being safety compliant.
The Effect of Halal Signs and Symptoms on Consumers' Purchase Intention in Muslim and Non Muslim Countries A Review

Nowadays, the studies related to Halal products are increased due to rapid growing global market for Halal products as a consequence of increase in Muslims population. The influence of Halal signs and symptoms on Consumers' Purchase Intention among the Muslim and Non Muslim consumers is an interesting subject, while a lot of researches have been done based on that. The results of those works represent the various effects of Halal signs and symptoms on consumers' purchase intention, which are against to each other. The aim of the present review study is to summarize the works of the literature to conclude the effect of Halal signs and symptoms such as Halal brand names, Halal logos, Halal symbols, Halal labeling and Halal certifications on Consumers' Purchase Intention in Muslim and Non Muslim countries. According to the several studies (from different countries since 2009 to 2016) it was found that Halal signs have a positive influence on consumers' purchase intention in the most works. In addition, Halal sign on products is one of the most important factors influencing on consumers' Halal purchase intention. It is noticeable that, no significant effect of Halal signs on Consumers' Purchase Intention is also reported in some studies.