nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the digital economy for developing countries

This report makes a call for why the digital economy matters for developing countries and what they need to consider when developing a national digital strategy. The world is undergoing a digital revolution with significant implications for global economies and livelihoods. This revolution is predicated on the ever increasing pace of technological innovation and diffusion. Digital technologies and their attendant applications are reshaping whole domains of human activity, and are spreading across the world faster than previous waves of technological innovation. The digital revolution is thus too important for any country to overlook. As outlined in Section II, the digital economy can be harnessed for inclusive and sustainable growth: digital technologies make life easier for citizens and consumers, raise the productivity of workers and firms, and help governments extend key services to those who need them most. However, this does not just happen randomly: governments must engage in strategic planning to maximise the development impact of digitalisation and ensure that its benefits are evenly distributed. Using the experience of leading economies in the digital space, Section III looks at some of the broad and generic enabling factors that developing countries can develop and use as foundations for their digital economies. The concluding section, Section IV, examines three key lessons developing countries can learn from other countries' digital experiences. It provides some guiding principles around thinking about how to craft a national digital strategy that builds on top of the enablers of the digital economy.
Vibration Control Using BCW Induction Motor

A small amount of asymmetry of the magnetic flux in the air gap of an electrical machine can create a considerable amount of force called unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) This unbalanced magnetic pull is generated due to the presence of the magnetic fields of pole pair p and p+ 1 in the air gap of the motor. A torque producing magnetic field of pole pair p is already present due to the main supply of the stator winding. To create a controllable UMP an additional magnetic field of pole pair p+ 1 can be generated using an additional stator winding. This controllable UMP can be used for active vibration control. The present paper uses a special type of winding scheme called bridge configured winding (BCW) where a single set of winding can be used to generate magnetic field of pole pair p+1 and p 1. An experimental setup has been developed to demonstrate the vibration control using isolated bridge supply of a BCW based induction motor by controlling the additional magnetic field of pole pair p+1 and p 1.
Ordering and order disorder phase transition in the (1x1) monolayer chemisorbed on the (111) face of an fcc crystal

In this paper we have considered a simple lattice gas model of chemisorbed monolayer which allows for the harmonic fluctuations of the bond length between the adsorbate atom and the surface site. The model also involves a short ranged attractive potential acting between the adsorbed atoms as well as the surface periodic corrugation potential. It has been assumed that the adsorbed atoms are bonded to the uppermost layer of the substrate atoms. In particular, using Monte Carlo simulation method we have focused on the orderings appearing in the dense monolayer formed on the (111) face of an fcc solid. Within the lattice gas limit, the chemisorbed layer forms a (1x1) structure. On the other hand, when the bonds are allowed to fluctuate, three other different ordered phases have been found to be stable in the ground state. One of them has been found to be stable at finite temperatures and to undergo a phase transition to the disordered state. The remaining two ordered states have been found to be stable in the ground state only. At finite temperatures, the ordering has been demonstrated to be destroyed due to large entropic effects.
Consumer approach to food waste: evidences from a large scale survey in Italy

In the EU 89 million tons of food are wasted every year, the largest fraction of which at the household level. Despite the key role of consumers in waste production, their approach to food waste has not been deeply analyzed so far. This paper aims at exploring the consumer attitude towards food waste, by analyzing the results of a survey held in two Italian cities in 2014, focused on the extent and reasons of the household food waste, and on consumers' perception of effects and possible remedies to food waste. The results highlighted a general awareness of the effects of food waste, although the perception of such effects was more developed when they directly concerned the consumers. The main reasons of food waste declared by the respondents were the mismanagement of expiration dates, over purchase, over cooking, and a lack of knowledge about how to reuse the leftovers. A cluster analysis was conducted to identify consumer profiles with a similar approach to food waste. Such profiles were then analyzed across the two samples in order to check for possible overlapping, which could lead to a careful generalization of the results. Namely, we found 4 consumer profiles, named as "careful" "virtuous" "aware" and "unconcerned" in both the samples analysed. Despite the many limitations of this very first analysis on household food waste, some interesting insights emerge, which might be usefully deepened in order to design effective strategies against food waste.
Wireless solution to prevent decubitus ulcers: Preventive weight shifting guide, monitor, and tracker app for wheel chair users with spinal cord injuries (phase II)
Venue: 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom)

Pressure ulcers pose a huge financial burden on the economy. Pressure ulcers cost between $9.1 to 11.6 billion a year in the United States. Each individual pressure can cost from $20,900 to $151,700 per pressure ulcer. Wheelchair users with spinal cord injury have a higher risk of developing pressure ulcers due to limited mobility and the countless hours they spend in the wheelchair, exerting pressure on the points of interface between the bony structure and the wheelchair cushion. The areas of interface that are under prolonged pressure lack blood flow, causing the tissue to breakdown, leading to a decubitus or pressure ulcer. Approximately 28.9 wheelchair users in communities, 27% in nursing homes, and between 5 and 30% of hospitalized patients develop pressure sores. Nearly 70% of elderly patients develop pressure ulcers, which in turn significantly increase the healthcare management and costs and can be a cause of pain, discomfort, loss of independence and mobility in not only the elderly but also the younger patients. Mobile technology can be exploited to provide a technological solution to preventing pressure ulcers. An app was designed and developed to notify, walk through the process of weight shifting and also track the movements of the patient performing weight shifting using the accelerometer. The app was tested to find that the forward lean movements can be tracked accurately using the accelerometer but the lateral movements although tracked could not verify that the weight shifting was correctly performed. In order to fix this issue the pressure map is used as an additional sensor to track and monitor the weight shifting accurately. This paper discusses the design and development of the app in two phases.
The PERMA Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing

In the book Flourish (2011) Seligman defined wellbeing in terms of five pillars: Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment, or PERMA. We developed the PERMA Profiler as a brief measure of PERMA. We first compiled hundreds of theoretically relevant items. Three studies N 7,188) reduced, tested, and refined items, resulting in a final set of 15 questions (three items per PERMA domain) Eight additional filler items were added, which assess overall wellbeing, negative emotion, loneliness, and physical health, resulting in a final 23 item measure. A series of eight additional studies N 31,966) were conducted to test the psychometrics of the measure. The PERMA Profiler demonstrates acceptable model fit, internal and cross time consistency, and evidence for content, convergent, and divergent validity. Scores are reported visually as a profile across domains, reflecting the multidimensional nature of flourishing. The PERMA Profiler adds to the toolbox of wellbeing measures, allowing individuals to monitor their wellbeing across multiple psychosocial domains.
Development of the Work Related Well Being Questionnaire Based on Seligman's PERMA Model

Drawing on recent research on determinants of subjective well being, we developed and conducted a pilot study of an employee well being questionnaire using M. Seligman's (2011) multidimensional PERMA model P ositive emotion, E ngagement, positive Relationships, M eaning, and A ccomplishment) model. Employees (N 397) from postgraduate courses at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) completed a survey including 56 items which were theoretically relevant to the PERMA theory. Factor analyses recovered the expected five PERMA components and a negative emotion factor. Based on factor and reliability analyses, we reduced the 56 PERMA items to 35 items. Our results support the multidimensional approach to defining and measuring multidimensional well being. A multidimensional well being assessment may be useful for understanding employees' well being, which can then be applied when developing policy and practice to increase well being for all employees at work.
CBT I Coach: A Description and Clinician Perceptions of a Mobile App for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia.
Venue: Journal of clinical sleep medicine JCSM official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine

This paper describes CBT I Coach, a patient facing smartphone app designed to enhance cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT I) It presents findings of two surveys of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) CBT I trained clinicians regarding their perceptions of CBT I Coach before it was released (n 138) and use of it two years after it was released (n 176) METHODS VA trained CBT I clinicians completed web based surveys before and two years after CBT I Coach was publicly released.  Prior to CBT I Coach release, clinicians reported that it was moderately to very likely that the app could improve care and a majority (87.0% intended to use it if it were available. Intention to use the app was predicted by smartphone ownership (b 0.116, p 0.05) and perceptions of relative advantage to existing CBT I practices (b 0.286, p 0.01) compatibility with their own needs and values (b 0.307, p 0.01) and expectations about the complexity of the app (b 0.245, p 0.05) Two years after CBT I Coach became available, 59.9% of participants reported using it with patients and had favorable impressions of its impact on homework adherence and outcomes.  Findings suggest that before release, CBT I Coach was perceived to have potential to enhance CBT I and address common adherence issues and clinicians would use it. These results are reinforced by findings two years after it was released suggesting robust uptake and favorable perceptions of its value.
A systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT I) in cancer survivors.
Venue: Sleep medicine reviews

This review examined the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia (CBT I) in people diagnosed with cancer. Studies were identified through November 2014 using multiple databases, clinical trial records, and bibliography searches. Inclusion was limited to randomized controlled trials of CBT I conducted in individuals with a cancer diagnosis who had clinically relevant insomnia. The primary outcome variable was sleep efficiency (SE) as measured by sleep diary. Eight studies including data from 752 cancer survivors met inclusion criteria. CBT I resulted in a 15.5% improvement in SE relative to control conditions (6.1% from pre to post intervention, with a medium effect size (ES: d 0.53) Overall, sleep latency was reduced by 22 min with an ES of d 0.43, compared to a reduction of 8 min in the control conditions. Wake after sleep onset was reduced by 30 min with an ES of d 0.41, compared to 13 min in the control conditions. Large effect sizes were observed for self reported insomnia severity (d 0.77) for those patients who received CBT I, representing a clinically relevant eight point reduction. Effects were durable up to 6 mo. The quality of the evidence supports a strong recommendation for the use of CBT I among cancer survivors.
Assessment of PM2.5 chemical compositions in Delhi: primary vs secondary emissions and contribution to light extinction coefficient and visibility degradation
Venue: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry

Haze fog conditions over northern India are associated with visibility degradation and severe attenuation of solar radiation by airborne particles with various chemical compositions. PM2.5 samples have been collected in Delhi, India from December 2011 to November 2012 and analyzed for carbonaceous and inorganic species. PM10 measurements were made simultaneously such that PM10 2.5 could be estimated by difference. This study analyzes the temporal variation of PM2.5 and carbonaceous particles (CP) focusing on identification of the primary and secondary aerosol emissions, estimations of light extinction coefficient (bext) and the contributions by the major PM2.5 chemical components. The annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, organic carbon (OC) elemental carbon (EC) and PM10 2.5 were found to be 153.6 59.8, 33.5 15.9, 6.9 3.9 and 91.1 99.9 mg m 3, respectively. Total CP, secondary organic aerosols and major anions (e.g. SO42 and NO3 maximize during the post monsoon and winter due to fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. PM10 2.5 is more abundant during the pre monsoon and post monsoon. The OC/EC varies from 2.45 to 9.26 (mean of 5.18 1.47) indicating the influence of multiple combustion sources. The bext exhibits highest values (910 280 and 1221 371 Mm 1) in post monsoon and winter and lowest in monsoon (363 110 and 457 133 Mm 1) as estimated via the original and revised IMPROVE algorithms, respectively. Organic matter (OM =1.6 x OC) accounts for ~39 and ~48 of the bext, followed by (NH4)2SO4 ~21 and ~24 and EC ~13 and ~10 according to the original and revised algorithms, respectively. The bext estimates via the two IMPROVE versions are highly correlated (R2 0.95, root mean square error 38 and mean bias error 28 and are strongly related to visibility impairment (r 0.72) mostly associated with anthropogenic rather than natural PM contributions. Therefore, reduction of CP and precursor gas emissions represents an urgent opportunity for air quality improvement across Delhi.
Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai
Venue: Journal of Meteorological Research

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar. There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions. Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50 km 1 on haze days. In contrast, aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients (0.20 0.35 km 1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days. The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth (AOD) for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter, smaller in spring, and smallest in autumn. More than 85% of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather. The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon, and at nightfall, respectively. The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather. Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up, but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface. The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze. The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.
Accurate Estimation of Protein Folding and Unfolding Times: Beyond Markov State Models
Venue: Journal of chemical theory and computation

Because standard molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are unable to access time scales of interest in complex biomolecular systems, it is common to "stitch together" information from multiple shorter trajectories using approximate Markov state model (MSM) analysis. However, MSMs may require significant tuning and can yield biased results. Here, by analyzing some of the longest protein MD data sets available >100 ms per protein) we show that estimators constructed based on exact non Markovian (NM) principles can yield significantly improved mean first passage times (MFPTs) for protein folding and unfolding. In some cases, MSM bias of more than an order of magnitude can be corrected when identical trajectory data are reanalyzed by non Markovian approaches. The NM analysis includes "history" information, higher order time correlations compared to MSMs, that is available in every MD trajectory. The NM strategy is insensitive to fine details of the states used and works well when a fine time discretization (i.e. small "lag time" is used.
Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti quorum sensing activities of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus radiata essential oils

The interest in plant polyphenol antioxidants has increased remarkably over the last decade mostly because of their protective effects against different diseases, including cardiovascular, inflammatory and neurological diseases, cancer as well as for retarding aging. Many naturally occurring polyphenols found in plants and spices have also been shown to possess antimicrobial properties and could serve as a source of antimicrobial agents. Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus radiata are well known species that provide essential oils. These oils are in great demand in the market, since they find a vast array of applications. The present study was performed to evaluate some bioactivities of the essential oils from E. globulus and E. radiata, namely their antioxidant, antibacterial and anti quorum sensing properties. Moreover, its chemical composition was assessed and the potential synergistic activity with conventional antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii strains was also evaluated. The major component of the E. globulus oil was 1,8 cineole, also known as eucalyptol (63.81% and in the E. radiata oil, the principal component was limonene (68.51% It was possible to conclude that both eucalypt essential oils presented relevant radical scavenging properties and also had the capacity to inhibit the lipid peroxidation. The E. globulus oil antioxidant properties stand out when compared to the E. radiata oil. The E. radiata oil had a more pronounced antibacterial activity than E. globulus oil. The studied eucalypt essential oils can act as potential improving agents of antibiotics against A. baumannii, considering the synergic effect obtained between these oils and conventional antibiotics. Both eucalypt essential oils now studied can inhibit the quorum sensing phenomena, inhibiting quorum sensing regulated violacein pigment production in bacteria without interfering with their growth.
The impacts of organizational culture on information security culture: a case study
Venue: Inf. Technol. Manag.

Information security cannot rely solely on technology. More attention must be drawn to the users' behavioral perspectives regarding information security. In this study, we propose that a culture encouraging employees to comply with information policies related to collecting, preserving, disseminating and managing information will improve information security. Information security culture is believed to be influenced by an organization's corporate culture (or organizational culture) We examine how this occurs through an in depth case study of a large organization. We present a relationship map for organizational culture and information security practices. Six propositions are drawn from the findings of our interviews and discussions. Managerial insights, such as how to measure an organization's information security culture and subsequently determine what perspective(s) is important for the organization to improve, are also discussed.
Big data analysis for financial risk management
Venue: Journal of Big Data

A very important area of financial risk management is systemic risk modelling, which concerns the estimation of the interrelationships between financial institutions, with the aim of establishing which of them are more central and, therefore, more contagious/subject to contagion. The aim of this paper is to develop a novel systemic risk model. A model that, differently from existing ones, employs not only the information contained in financial market prices, but also big data coming from financial tweets. From a methodological viewpoint, the novelty of our paper is the estimation of systemic risk models using two different data sources: financial markets and financial tweets, and a proposal to combine them, using a Bayesian approach. From an applied viewpoint, we present the first systemic risk model based on big data, and show that such a model can shed further light on the interrelationships between financial institutions.
Cross frequency synchronization connects networks of fast and slow oscillations during visual working memory maintenance
Venue: eLife

Neuronal activity in sensory and fronto parietal (FP) areas underlies the representation and attentional control, respectively, of sensory information maintained in visual working memory (VWM) Within these regions, beta/gamma phase synchronization supports the integration of sensory functions, while synchronization in theta/alpha bands supports the regulation of attentional functions. A key challenge is to understand which mechanisms integrate neuronal processing across these distinct frequencies and thereby the sensory and attentional functions. We investigated whether such integration could be achieved by cross frequency phase synchrony (CFS) Using concurrent magneto and electroencephalography, we found that CFS was load dependently enhanced between theta and alpha gamma and between alpha and beta gamma oscillations during VWM maintenance among visual, FP, and dorsal attention (DA) systems. CFS also connected the hubs of within frequency synchronized networks and its strength predicted individual VWM capacity. We propose that CFS integrates processing among synchronized neuronal networks from theta to gamma frequencies to link sensory and attentional functions.