nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking data flow at gate level through structural
Venue: 2016 International Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI (GLSVLSI)

The rapid growth of Internet of things and other electronic devices make a huge impact on how and where data travel. The confidential data (e.g. personal data, financial information) that travel through unreliable channels can be exposed to attackers. In hardware, the confidential data such as secret cipher keys are facing the same issue. This problem is even more serious when the IP is from a 3rd party and contains scan chains. Thus, data flow tracking is important to analyze possible leakage channels in fighting against such hardware security threats. This paper introduces a method for tracking data flow and detecting potential hardware Trojans in gate level soft IPs using assets and Structural Checking tool.
Bilingual mothers' language choice in child directed speech: continuity and change
Venue: Journal of multilingual and multicultural development

An important aspect of Family Language Policy in bilingual families is parental language choice. Little is known about the continuity in parental language choice and the factors affecting it. This longitudinal study explores maternal language choice over time. Thirty one bilingual mothers provided reports of what language(s) they spoke with their children. Mother child interactions were videotaped when children were pre verbal (5M) producing words in two languages (20M) and fluent speakers (53M) All children had heard two languages from birth in the home. Most mothers reported addressing children in the same single language. Observational data confirmed mothers' use of mainly a single language in interactions with their children, but also showed the occasional use of the other language in over half the sample when children were 20 months. Once children were 53 months mothers again used only the same language they reported speaking to children. These findings reveal a possible effect of children's overall level of language development and demonstrate the difficulty of adhering to a strict 'one person, one language' policy. The fact that there was longitudinal continuity in the language most mothers mainly spoke with children provided children with cumulative language input learning opportunities.
Managing multiple normativities in classroom interaction: Student responses to teacher reproaches for inappropriate language choice in a bilingual classroom

This article adds to research on bilingual language alternation by investigating how language choice is managed at the crossroads of social norms and rules in the interaction of a bilingual classroom. Drawing on conversation analytic methodology, the paper examines sequences in which the teacher invokes a locally established, explicit rule whereby the students are to use L2 only in the classroom. Sequential analyses focus on how students respond to such teacher turns, addressing either the teacher or their peers, and how they align with the classroom rule in their responses. It is argued that when responding to rule enforcement, students position themselves not only as regards the behavioural norm set by the particular classroom rule, but also in terms of teacher authority to regulate behaviour via such a rule. The implications of these micro interactional findings to the social and ideological order of bilingual classrooms are briefly discussed.
Cultural Branding, Geographic Source Indicators and Commodification

One strategy for indigenous producers competing with global capital is to obtain geographic source protection (a form of trademark) for products traditionally associated with a cultural grouping or region. The strategy is controversial, and this article adds an additional reason to be cautious about adopting it. Specifically, consumers increasingly consume brands not for the products they designate but for the affiliation with the brands themselves. Since the benefits of source protection depend upon a consumer's desire to have a product actually from that source community, if consumers care more about the brand designation than the actual source, then those benefits will be more difficult to realize. In such an environment there would be tremendous pressure both to produce products that conform to (often exoticized) western images of cultures and to create property rights in the culture itself, empowering elites to further marginalize and suppress dissenting views.
Coastal ocean and shelf sea biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes: lessons learned from GEOTRACES
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Continental shelves and shelf seas play a central role in the global carbon cycle. However, their importance with respect to trace element and isotope (TEI) inputs to ocean basins is less well understood. Here, we present major findings on shelf TEI biogeochemistry from the GEOTRACES programme as well as a proof of concept for a new method to estimate shelf TEI fluxes. The case studies focus on advances in our understanding of TEI cycling in the Arctic, transformations within a major river estuary (Amazon) shelf sediment micronutrient fluxes and basin scale estimates of submarine groundwater discharge. The proposed shelf flux tracer is 228 radium (T1/2 5.75 yr) which is continuously supplied to the shelf from coastal aquifers, sediment porewater exchange and rivers. Model derived shelf 228Ra fluxes are combined with TEI/ 228Ra ratios to quantify ocean TEI fluxes from the western North Atlantic margin. The results from this new approach agree well with previous estimates for shelf Co, Fe, Mn and Zn inputs and exceed published estimates of atmospheric deposition by factors of approximately 3 23. Lastly, recommendations are made for additional GEOTRACES process studies and coastal margin focused section cruises that will help refine the model and provide better insight on the mechanisms driving shelf derived TEI fluxes to the ocean. This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'
Overview of the mechanisms that could explain the 'Boundary Exchange' at the land ocean contact
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Land to ocean transfer of material largely controls the chemical composition of seawater and the global element cycles. Oceanic isotopic budgets of chemical species, macro and micronutrients (e.g. Nd, Sr, Si, Mg, Zn, Mo and Ni) have revealed an imbalance between their sources and sinks. Radiogenic isotope budgets underlined the importance of taking into account continental margins as a source of elements to oceans. They also highlighted that the net land ocean inputs of chemical species probably result from particle dissolved exchange processes, named 'Boundary Exchange' Yet, locations where 'Boundary Exchange' occurs are not clearly identified and reviewed here: discharge of huge amount of freshly weathered particles at the river mouths, submarine weathering of deposited sediments along the margins, submarine groundwater discharges and subterranean estuaries. As a whole, we conclude that all of them might contribute to 'Boundary Exchange' Highlighting their specific roles and the processes at play is a key scientific issue for the second half of GEOTRACES. This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'
Novel and Fast Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Generation
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

The output power of photovoltaic generation (PVG) varies with solar irradiance and temperature nonlinearly. Therefore, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is very important to operate PVG to harvest the maximum solar energy in real time. The perturbation and observation (P&O) method is one of the most commonly used MPPT methods. However, P&O MPPT suffers a tradeoff in selecting the perturbation step sizes of the control variables. This paper proposes a parameter estimation based MPPT for PVG. Based on the measured voltages and currents and the characteristic output function of PVG, the proposed MPPT uses parameter estimation to calculate the solar irradiance and temperature directly. The operating voltage of maximum power point can then be found out immediately. The proposed MPPT can effectively reduce the maximum power tracking time of conventional MPPT methods and increase the harvested energy during MPPT. Simulation and experimental results comparing the proposed MPPT to a P&O MPPT demonstrate the performance achieved by the proposed MPPT.
Novel highly accurate universal maximum power point tracker for maximum power extraction from hybrid fuel cell/photovoltaic/wind power generation systems

All the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) units that are currently used in hybrid systems include several distinct MPPT controllers, so that, each MPPT controller is dedicated to a subsystem. Using a distinct MPPT algorithm and controller for each subsystem of a hybrid system explicitly complicates the system implementation, increases cost, and decreases the accuracy of the MPPT process. This paper addresses this problem by presenting a novel fast and highly accurate universal maximum power point (MPP) tracker for hybrid fuel cell/photovoltaic/wind power generation systems. The tracker is called "universal tracker" because it uses a unified algorithm and controller to concurrently track the MPPs of the photovoltaic (PV) fuel cell (FC) and wind energy conversion (WEC) subsystems of a hybrid FC/PV/wind power system. The proposed universal MPP tracker only uses the output voltages and currents of the PV module, FC stack, and WEC subsystem used in a hybrid power system, i.e. it does not need any expensive sensors such as anemometers and tachometers. Moreover, the technique tracks the MPP of the WEC subsystem, not the MPP of its wind turbine, so it extracts the highest output electrical power from the WEC subsystem. A hybrid FC/PV/wind power generation system has been built to validate theoretical results and evaluate the tracker performances. It is experimentally verified that the universal MPP tracker performs a very fast and highly accurate MPPT process, so that, the MPPT efficiencies are about 99.60% 99.41% and 99.28% respectively in the PV, FC and WEC subsystems with the very short tracking convergence times of 12 ms, 33 s, and 25 s, respectively. A comparison between the tracker and the state of the art MPP trackers has been also performed that explicitly demonstrates the better performances of the proposed universal MPP tracker, while it concurrently tracks three MPPs but others track only one MPP.
Can slow moving ions explain hysteresis in the current voltage curves of perovskite solar cells?

The hypothesis that ion motion is responsible for anomalous hysteresis in the current voltage curves of perovskite solar cells is investigated through a combination of electrical transport modelling and experimental measurements. In a combined computational and experimental study, good agreement is obtained between experiment and the results of a charge transport model covering mixed ionic electronic conduction. Our model couples electrons, holes and defect mediated ion motion suggesting that slow moving ions are indeed the origin of the hysteresis. The magnitude of the ion diffusion coefficient required to match experiment and theory, ~10 12 cm2 s 1, depends on the cell, but is similar to that predicted by microscopic theory of vacancy mediated diffusion. The investigation is extended to preconditioning procedures which are known to substantially influence the hysteresis. The method developed for solving the stiff equations in the drift diffusion model is widely applicable to other double layer problems occurring in electrochemical applications such as the evolution of transmembrane potentials in living cells.
A general valence asymmetry in similarity: Good is more alike than bad.
Venue: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition

The density hypothesis (Unkelbach, Fiedler, Bayer, Stegmuller, Danner, 2008) claims a general higher similarity of positive information to other positive information compared with the similarity of negative information to other negative information. This similarity asymmetry might explain valence asymmetries on all levels of cognitive processing. The available empirical evidence for this general valence asymmetry in similarity suffers from a lack of direct tests, low representativeness, and possible confounding variables (e.g. differential valence intensity, frequency, familiarity, or concreteness of positive and negative stimuli) To address these problems, Study 1 first validated the spatial arrangement method (SpAM) as a similarity measure. Using SpAM, Studies 2 6 found the proposed valence asymmetry in large, representative samples of self and other generated words (Studies 2a/2b) for words of consensual and idiosyncratic valence (Study 3) for words from 1 and many independent information sources (Study 4) for real life experiences (Study 5) and for large data sets of verbal (i.e. ~14,000 words reported by Warriner, Kuperman, Brysbaert, 2013) and visual information (i.e. ~1,000 pictures reported in the IAPS; Lang, Bradley, Cuthbert, 2005; Study 6) Together, these data support a general valence asymmetry in similarity, namely that good is more alike than bad.
Contextualizing change in Turkish foreign policy: the promise of the 'two good' theory

The level of activism in Turkey's foreign policy has reached unprecedented levels during the country's modern history. This increased activism contrasts starkly with Turkey's characteristically traditional status quo orientation evinced during the Cold War. This study aims to establish a theoretical foundation to explain this multifaceted change in Turkish foreign policy. In doing so, it contends that the 'two good' theory of foreign policy renders considerable analytical leverage for contextualizing recent changes in Turkish foreign policy. The theory posits that change in a country's foreign policy is contingent upon its willingness and capability to actively promote its interests. Furthermore, the 'two good' theory postulates the method a country might employ to implement its foreign policy is a function of these two factors as well. The theory leads to two testable hypotheses regarding Turkish foreign policy. This study supports these hypotheses with qualitative and quantitative evidence.
21st Century Skills Development Through Inquiry Based Learning From Theory to Practice

Part 1: 21st century skills education on the whole Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 21st century skills and global education roadmap Part 2: 21st century skills education: Plagiarism free inquiry Pjbl in Asia, Europe and North America Chapter 3 21st century skills education in Hong Kong and Shenzhen, China: Inquiry project based and collaborative teaching/learning supported by Wiki Chapter 4 21st century skills education in Switzerland: An example of project based learning using Wiki in science education Chapter 5 21st century skills education in the U.S. An example of an inquiry based game design learning approach Part 3: 21st century skills education in schools Chapter 6 Teachers' professional development Chapter 7 Guides and suggestions for pedagogy implementation in classrooms Chapter 8 Assessment instruments for 21st century skills Chapter 9
B2B social media semantics: Analysing multimodal online meanings in marketing conversations

There are theoretical and methodological gaps in the B2B social media marketing communications literature. As a consequence, there is a need for new approaches that provide a comprehensive understanding of how B2B online marketing posts create virtual conversations and the types of meanings these linked communication events construct and convey, particularly as these message are often distributed across multiple social media platforms. This paper presents a Social Semiotic Multimodal (SSMM) framework that attempts to address shortfalls in theory and method conceptualisation of social media communications. This framework employs multimodal extensions to systemic functional linguistics enabling it to be applying to analysing non language as well as language constituents of social media messages. Furthermore the framework also utilises expansion theory to identify, categorise and analyse various marketing communication resources associated with marketing messages and also to reveal how conversations are chained together to form extended online marketing conversations. This semantic approach is exemplified using a Fairtrade Australia B2B case study demonstrating how marketing conversations can be mapped and analysed. The framework emphasises the importance of acknowledging the impact of all stakeholders, particularly messages that may distract or confuse the original purpose of the conversation.
Coexistence and interaction of vector and bound vector solitons in a dispersion managed fiber laser mode locked by graphene.
Venue: Optics express

We report on the experimental observation of vector and bound vector solitons in a fiber laser passively mode locked by graphene. Localized interactions between vector solitons, vector soliton with bound vector solitons, and vector soliton with a bunch of vector solitons are experimentally investigated. We show that depending on the soliton interactions, various stable and dynamic multiple vector soliton states could be formed.
Mass Spectrometric and Functional Aspects of Drug Protein Conjugation.
Venue: Chemical research in toxicology

The covalent binding of drugs (metabolites) to proteins to form drug protein adducts can have an adverse effect on the body. These adducts are thought to be responsible for idiosyncratic drug reactions including severe drug hypersensitivity reactions. Major advances in proteomics technology have allowed for the identification and quantification of target proteins for certain drugs. Human serum albumin (HSA) and Hb have been identified as accessible targets and potential biomarkers for drug protein adducts formation, for numerous drugs (metabolites) including b lactam antibiotics, reactive drug metabolites such as quinone imines (acetaminophen) and acyl glucuronides (diclofenac) and covalent inhibitors (neratinib) For example, MS/MS analysis of plasma samples from patients taking flucloxacillin revealed that flucloxacillin and its 5 hydroxymethyl metabolite formed covalent adducts with lysine residues on albumin via opening of the b lactam ring. Other proteins such as P450 and keratin are also potential targets for covalent binding. However, for most drugs, the properties of these target proteins including their location, their quantity, the timing of conjugate generation, and their biological function are not well understood. In this review, currently available proteomic technologies including MS/MS analysis to identify antigens, precise location of modifications, and the immunological consequence of hapten protein complex are illustrated. Moving forward, identification of the nature of the antigenic determinants that trigger immune responses to drug protein adducts will increase our ability to predict idiosyncratic toxicity for a given compound.
Drug Protein Adducts: Chemistry, Mechanisms of Toxicity, and Methods of Characterization.
Venue: Chemical research in toxicology

The formation of drug protein adducts is considered an important feature in the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of many drugs. Mechanistic insights into the role of specific protein adduct formation in pharmacology and toxicology remain scarce, partly due to the availability of tools to identify and characterize the specific protein adducts, and partly due to the scarcity of relevant in vitro and in vivo predictive models. This review serves to provide a review on the current state of science on the chemistry, toxicology, and methods of detection and characterization of drug protein adducts and to offer some perspective on the future directions of research into the role of protein adducts in drug effects and toxicity.
Planning and Projects: Three Visionaires Friedmann, J. Trueba, I. and Ramos, A

It is impossible to talk about planning as a scientific meta discipline without mentioning one of the most influential worldwide figures in the second half of the twentieth century: John Friedmann. His contribution to the planning concept on his Planning as Social Learning theory is still very relevant. This paper shows the intellectual connection between Friedmann, Angel Ramos and Ignacio Trueba, two of the Spanish intellectual drivers in the engineering project knowledge area, who contributed to the foundation of the Project Engineering Spanish Association. The three of them share a broad vision of the project and abandon the "blue print" planning model. They also see the project as a transformational tool that requires a different planning style to the one which prevailed in the 70s both in public and private domains. They were pioneers in structuring Knowledge/Action in a different way, both in academic institutions where disciples helped to bring about change and with direct action via projects.
The Association of Parent Mindfulness with Parenting and Youth Psychopathology Across Three Developmental Stages
Venue: Journal of abnormal child psychology

The primary purpose of the current study was to test a model examining the process by which parent dispositional mindfulness relates to youth psychopathology through mindful parenting and parenting practices. The universality of the model across youth at three developmental stages was examined: young childhood (3 7 years; n 210) middle childhood (8 12 years; n 200) and adolescence (13 17 years; n 205) Overall, participants were 615 parents (55 female) and one of their 3 to 17 year old children (45 female) Parents reported on their dispositional mindfulness, mindful parenting, positive and negative parenting practices and their child's or adolescent's internalizing and externalizing problems. Consistent findings across all three developmental stages indicated that higher levels of parent dispositional mindfulness were indirectly related to lower levels of youth internalizing and externalizing problems through higher levels of mindful parenting and lower levels of negative parenting practices. Replication of these findings across families with children at different developmental stages lends support to the generalizability of the model.
Light Inducible MiR163 Targets PXMT1 Transcripts to Promote Seed Germination and Primary Root Elongation in Arabidopsis1[OPEN]
Venue: Plant Physiology

MiR163 targets PXMT1 transcripts at the early stage of light responses to promote seed germination and root development. Expression of many plant microRNAs is responsive to hormones and environmental stimuli, but none has yet been associated with light. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) miR163 is 24 nucleotides in length and targets mRNAs encoding several S adenosyl Met dependent carboxyl methyltransferase family members. Here, we found that miR163 is highly induced by light during seedling de etiolation as well as seed germination. Under the same condition, its target PXMT1, encoding a methyltransferase that methylates 1,7 paraxanthine, is down regulated. Light repression of PXMT1 is abolished in a mir163 null mutant, but the repression can be restored to wild type levels in complementation lines expressing pri miR163 gene in the mir163 mutant background. During seed germination, miR163 and its target PXMT1 are predominantly expressed in the radicle, and the expression patterns of the two genes are inversely correlated. Moreover, compared with the wild type, mir163 mutant or PXMT1 overexpression line shows delayed seed germination under continuous light, and seedlings develop shorter primary roots with an increased number of lateral roots under long day condition. Together, our results indicate that miR163 targets PXMT1 mRNA to promote seed germination and modulate root architecture during early development of Arabidopsis seedlings.