nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A metric and workflow for quality control in the analysis of heterogeneity in phenotypic profiles and screens.
Venue: Methods

Heterogeneity is well recognized as a common property of cellular systems that impacts biomedical research and the development of therapeutics and diagnostics. Several studies have shown that analysis of heterogeneity: gives insight into mechanisms of action of perturbagens; can be used to predict optimal combination therapies; and can be applied to tumors where heterogeneity is believed to be associated with adaptation and resistance. Cytometry methods including high content screening (HCS) high throughput microscopy, flow cytometry, mass spec imaging and digital pathology capture cell level data for populations of cells. However it is often assumed that the population response is normally distributed and therefore that the average adequately describes the results. A deeper understanding of the results of the measurements and more effective comparison of perturbagen effects requires analysis that takes into account the distribution of the measurements, i.e. the heterogeneity. However, the reproducibility of heterogeneous data collected on different days, and in different plates/slides has not previously been evaluated. Here we show that conventional assay quality metrics alone are not adequate for quality control of the heterogeneity in the data. To address this need, we demonstrate the use of the Kolmogorov Smirnov statistic as a metric for monitoring the reproducibility of heterogeneity in an SAR screen, describe a workflow for quality control in heterogeneity analysis. One major challenge in high throughput biology is the evaluation and interpretation of heterogeneity in thousands of samples, such as compounds in a cell based screen. In this study we also demonstrate that three heterogeneity indices previously reported, capture the shapes of the distributions and provide a means to filter and browse big data sets of cellular distributions in order to compare and identify distributions of interest. These metrics and methods are presented as a workflow for analysis of heterogeneity in large scale biology projects.
Geometrical variations in white and gray matter affect the biomechanics of spinal cord injuries more than the arachnoid space

Traumatic spinal cord contusions lead to loss of quality of life, but their pathomechanisms are not fully understood. Previous studies have underlined the contribution of the cerebrospinal fluid in spinal cord protection. However, it remains unclear how important the contribution of the cerebrospinal fluid is relative to other factors such as the white/gray matter ratio. A finite element model of the spinal cord and surrounding morphologic features was used to investigate the spinal cord contusion mechanisms, considering subarachnoid space and white/gray matter ratio. Two vertebral segments (T6 and L1) were impacted transversely at 4.5 m s 1, which demonstrated three major results: While the presence of cerebrospinal fluid plays a significant contributory role in spinal cord protection (compression percentage decreased by up to 19% the arachnoid space variation along the spine appears to have a limited (3% compression decrease) impact. Differences in the white and gray matter geometries from lumbar to thoracic spine levels decrease spinal cord compression by up to 14% at the thoracic level. Stress distribution in the sagittal spinal cord section was consistent with central cord syndrome, and local stress concentration on the anterior part of the spinal cord being highly reduced by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid. The use of a refined spinal cord finite element method showed that all the geometrical parameters are involved in the spinal cord contusion mechanisms. Hence, spinal cord injury criteria must be considered at each vertebral level.
An Efficient Energy Savings Schemes Using Adjacent Lossless Entropy Compression for WSN
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI)

The proposed work aims at designing routing method and data compression algorithm for WSN's. An ad hoc network (WANET) is considered and based on certain criteria the data is forwarded dynamically. Various parameters such as Compression Ratio, Packet Delivery Rate, Energy consumption are considered to determine the efficiency of the network. One of the primary parameters to be considered in the configuration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is the energy consumption of the nodes and the data throughput. Since the nodes are controlled by batteries with lower energy limit, it is required to minimize the energy utilization. Henceforth a proficient routing technique in light of LEACH protocol is proposed alongside the utilization of A LEC data compression strategy. The simulations are carried out through Network Simulator 2 (NS2) The compression code is written in GNU C.
The Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth on Sales: A Meta Analytic Review of Platform, Product, and Metric Factors

The increasing amount of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has significantly affected the way consumers make purchase decisions. Empirical studies have established an effect of eWOM on sales but disagree on which online platforms, products, and eWOM metrics moderate this effect. The authors conduct a meta analysis of 1,532 effect sizes across 96 studies covering 40 platforms and 26 product categories. On average, eWOM is positively correlated with sales .091) but its effectiveness differs across platform, product, and metric factors. For example, the effectiveness of eWOM on social media platforms is stronger when eWOM receivers can assess their own similarity to eWOM senders, whereas these homophily details do not influence the effectiveness of eWOM for e commerce platforms. In addition, whereas eWOM has a stronger effect on sales for tangible goods new to the market, the product life cycle does not moderate the eWOM effectiveness for services. With respect to the eWOM metrics, eWOM volume has a stronger impact on sales than eWOM valence. In addition, negative eWOM does not always jeopardize sales, but high variability does.
Assessing the potential value of bridge monitoring systems

On going developments in smart technologies such as wireless sensor networks, micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) computer vision, fibre optics and advanced data interpretation techniques may revolutionise structural health monitoring (SHM) Dedicated SHM of bridge assets has the potential to produce valuable data sets and provide owners and managers with information to aid with key questions such as: current performance, margins of safety, actual loading, stress history and risk of fatigue, extent of deterioration and residual life. However, the parameters measured and value of the data obtained will differ when viewed from the perspectives of different stakeholders such as asset owners, designers, contractors and researchers. In this paper the purposes of monitoring are reviewed. A methodology is proposed to facilitate formal discussions between the key stakeholders before any deployment is specified and to ensure that scarce resources are not wasted in the pursuit of data as opposed to information.
CAZy parser a way to extract information from the Carbohydrate Active enZYmes Database
Venue: J. Open Source Softw.

The Carbohydrate Active enZYmes Database (CAZy) provides access to a sequence based classification of enzyme that are responsible for the assembly, modification and breakdown of oligo and polysaccharides (Lombard et al. 2013) This database has been online for eighteen years providing relevant genomic, structural and biochemical data on carbohydrateactive enzymes, such as glycoside hydrolases, glycosyl transferases, polysaccharide lyases, carbohydrate esterases and similar enzymes with auxiliary activities. The database is organized and presented to the user as a series of highly annotated HTML tables. In this paper a script to extract information from the CAZy according to user needs is presented. To this date, there is no way to obtain specific subsets from the database. Therefore the scripts presented in this paper will enable researchers to carry out a wide range of complex scientific tasks such as; phylogenetic analyses, multiple sequence alignment and cross family comparisons.
Designing Security for In vehicle Networks: A Body Control Module (BCM) Centered Viewpoint
Venue: 2016 46th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshop (DSN W)

The overabundance of attacks reported on in vehicle networks triggered reactions from both the academic research communities and industry professionals. However, designing security for in vehicle networks is a challenging task and it is yet unclear to what extent current proposals are suitable for real world vehicles. In this work, we advocate the use of a top down approach in which we analyze the functionalities along with reported attacks. Due to the abundance of in vehicle services and the associated large number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) we center our analysis on a key subsystem from the car: the Body Control Module (BCM) The rationale behind choosing this particular module comes from at least three key factors: i) a large number of components that aredirectly linked to the BCM were target of previously reported attacks (e.g. keys and electronic immobilizes, tire sensors, diagnostic ports, etc. ii) by design, body components are generally exposed to the outside and it is reasonable to assumethat adversaries will frequently have access to peripherals controlled by the BCM, iii) the BCM controls subsystems thatare both attractive from an economic perspective (e.g. accessto the car) or from a safety perspective (e.g. seat belts, lights, etc. Our discussion is entailed by a concrete analysis of therisks of reported attacks and preferable security designs.
Psychological Stress, Inflammation, Immunity, and Coagulation Intertwining in Ischemic Heart Disease

Stress responses with neural modulation of immunity and coagulation have an important role as predisposing, precipitating, or aggravating factors in ischemic heart disease. Acute mental or emotional stress is a frequent cause of myocardial ischemia, exerting its effects through an extremely complex system of processes that encompass a central multineural network, a hormonal cascade, and peripheral neural pathways. Some of the negative effects of stress responses are mediated by inflammation; but, when stress becomes chronic, the inflammation detaches from upper level control, and wider processes that involve behavior, metabolism, and adipocytes take place. Inflammation with innate and specific immunity, in turn, is independently implied in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease. Psycho neural processes influence inflammation/immunity by releasing neuromediators at local sympathetic nerve terminals, which regulate the response of immune cells. In turn, psycho neural processes are also modulated by inflammatory byproducts.
China's Local Governance in Perspective: Instruments of Central Government Control
Venue: The China Journal

With the world's largest population and fourth largest territory, China's size renders it difficult to govern. The degree to which the Communist Party has for years prioritized the task of "maintaining stability" (weiwen) is a key testimony to the potential fragility of the regime. A principal question that logically follows is: what keeps the regime from falling apart? This article surveys a range of instruments that the central government has deployed both historically and today in efforts to govern China's centrifugal localities. Seven dimensions of control ideological normative, institutional, resource allocative, personnel management, administrative monitoring, powers over key local sectors, and military force are examined to assess the center's adaptive capacity in local governance.
Academy of Management Journal, 1958 2014: a citation analysis
Venue: Scientometrics

This paper provides a citation network analysis of publications from the Academy of Management Journal, one of the key US based journals in the field of Management. Our analysis covers all publications in the journal from 1958 2014. This represents the entire history of the journal until the arbitrary cut off point of our study. The paper analyses the most published authors, most cited articles, most cited authors, top institutions, and the nationalities of authors that are most represented in the journal. 2304 articles containing 114,550 references were taken from the primary data source, the Web of Science(tm) An analysis of 114,550 citations was carried out using the Web of Science(tm) online analytics tool and Excel(r) Gephi(tm) a data visualisation and manipulation software, was used to provide a visual representation of the citation networks. Results indicate that the most published authors within AMJ throughout the journal's history are Ivancevich, Golembiewski and Hambrick. The three most cited authors within AMJ are Pfeffer, Porter and Thompson. The single most cited article is Pfeffer and Salancik's 1978 article The external control of organizations: a resource dependence perspective. A keyword analysis revealed that the most important terms used in the journal's history were 'Performance' 'Organization' and 'Work' Results from this paper extend our previous citation analyses of key journals in the discipline of Higher Education to a new discipline the field of Management. The paper provides evidence of how visual analyses can help to represent the citation "geography" of a journal over time.
Combinatorial Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Triazole Bridged Flavonoid Dimers and Trimers
Venue: Molecules

Flavonoids are a large family of compounds associated with a broad range of biologically useful properties. In recent years, synthetic compounds that contain two flavonoid units linked together have attracted attention in drug discovery and development projects. Numerous flavonoid dimer systems, incorporating a range of monomers attached via different linkers, have been reported to exhibit interesting bioactivities. From a medicinal chemistry perspective, the 1,2,3 triazole ring system has been identified as a particularly attractive linker moiety in dimeric derivatives (owing to several favourable attributes including proven biological relevance and metabolic stability) and triazole bridged flavonoid dimers possessing anticancer and antimalarial activities have recently been reported. However, there are relatively few examples of libraries of triazole bridged flavonoid dimers and the diversity of flavonoid subunits present within these is typically limited. Thus, this compound type arguably remains underexplored within drug discovery. Herein, we report a modular strategy for the synthesis of novel and biologically interesting triazole bridged flavonoid heterodimers and also very rare heterotrimers from readily available starting materials. Application of this strategy has enabled step efficient and systematic access to a library of structurally diverse compounds of this sort, with a variety of monomer units belonging to six different structural subclasses of flavonoid successfully incorporated.
A general, modular method for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of alkylboronate esters
Venue: Science

Crafting chiral boron building blocks Carbon boron bonds are easily transformed into a wide variety of C C, C N, and C O bonds. With that flexibility in mind, Schmidt et al. show that nickel complexes can catalyze asymmetric alkylation of carbon centers adjacent to boron. This protocol creates chiral alkylboronates that function as stable precursors to numerous complex molecules. The reaction proceeds in stereo convergent fashion forming a single product from either mirror image of the a haloboronate reagent. Successive reactions can also create chains of adjacent chiral alkyl centers with stereochemistry set by the configuration of the ligand bound to nickel. Science, this issue p. 1265 Nickel catalyzes stereoconvergent alkylzinc addition to a haloboronates to form chiral alkylboronate building blocks. Alkylboron compounds are an important family of target molecules, serving as useful intermediates, as well as end points, in fields such as pharmaceutical science and organic chemistry. Facile transformation of carbon boron bonds into a wide variety of carbon X bonds (where X is, for example, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or a halogen) with stereochemical fidelity, renders the generation of enantioenriched alkylboronate esters a powerful tool in synthesis. Here we report the use of a chiral nickel catalyst to achieve stereoconvergent alkyl alkyl couplings of readily available racemic a haloboronates with organozinc reagents under mild conditions. We demonstrate that this method provides straightforward access to a diverse array of enantioenriched alkylboronate esters, in which boron is bound to a stereogenic carbon, and we highlight the utility of these compounds in synthesis.
Prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in elderly and very elderly in Poland: results of a cross sectional representative survey
Venue: Journal of hypertension

The aim of the study was to examine prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension in elderly and very elderly in Poland.  The random sample of 4950 study participants aged 65 or more (age range 65 104 years) equally distributed in six age subgroups, and participated in cross sectional, nationally representative survey PolSenior. During two separate visits, standardized interviews on awareness of hypertension as well as anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate readings were obtained. Hypertension was defined according to 2013 European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology Guidelines.  Mean SBP was highest in men aged 75 79 years (148.3 mmHg) and in women aged 80 84 years (149.9 mmHg) and then steadily decreased, whereas DBP decreased steadily from age 65. Hypertension affected about 80% of septuagenarians. Its prevalence decreased with age to 67% in women and 60% in men aged 90 years or older. In nonagenarians, awareness of hypertension (72% in women and 61% in men) and percentage of treated study participants (64% of women and 54% of men) was the lowest. In contrast, among treated study participants proportion of well controlled (BP 140/90 mmHg) was the highest in people older than 85 reaching 34% among nonagenarian women and 38% in men.  The results show a reversed trend in prevalence and control of hypertension in people aged 80 years and older when compared with the younger elderly. As awareness and treatment of hypertension decreases with advanced age, it seems reasonable to extend screening programs and antihypertensive initiatives for the elderly and very elderly.
Astrocytic Insulin Signaling Couples Brain Glucose Uptake with Nutrient Availability
Venue: Cell

We report that astrocytic insulin signaling co regulates hypothalamic glucose sensing and systemic glucose metabolism. Postnatal ablation of insulin receptors (IRs) in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressing cells affects hypothalamic astrocyte morphology, mitochondrial function, and circuit connectivity. Accordingly, astrocytic IR ablation reduces glucose induced activation of hypothalamic pro opio melanocortin (POMC) neurons and impairs physiological responses to changes in glucose availability. Hypothalamus specific knockout of astrocytic IRs, as well as postnatal ablation by targeting glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) expressing cells, replicates such alterations. A normal response to altering directly CNS glucose levels in mice lacking astrocytic IRs indicates a role in glucose transport across the blood brain barrier (BBB) This was confirmed in vivo in GFAP IR KO mice by using positron emission tomography and glucose monitoring in cerebral spinal fluid. We conclude that insulin signaling in hypothalamic astrocytes co controls CNS glucose sensing and systemic glucose metabolism via regulation of glucose uptake across the BBB.
Q CAR: an intelligent solution for joint QoS multicast routing and channel assignment in multichannel multiradio wireless mesh networks
Venue: Applied Intelligence

Multicast routing improves the efficiency of a network by effectively utilizing the available network bandwidth. In multichannel multiradio wireless mesh networks the channel allocation strategy plays a vital role along with multicast tree construction. However, the multicast routing problem in multichannel multiradio wireless mesh networks is proven to be NP hard. With this paper, we propose a Quality of Service Channel Assignment and multicast Routing (Q CAR) algorithm. The proposed algorithm jointly solves the channel assignment and multicast tree construction problem by intelligent computational methods. We use a slightly modified differential evolution approach for assigning channels to links. We design a genetic algorithm based multicast tree construction strategy which determines a delay, jitter bounded low cost multicast tree. Moreover, we define a multi objective fitness function for the tree construction algorithm which optimizes interference as well as tree cost. Finally, we compare the performance of Q CAR with QoS Multicast Routing and Channel Assignment(QoS MRCA) and intelligent Quality of service multicast routing and Channel Assignment(i QCA) algorithm in multichannel multiradio wireless mesh network (simulated) environments. Our experimental results distinctly show the outstanding performance of the proposed algorithm.
Competition and antitrust in internet markets

The rapid rise, enduring growth and success of Internet markets and e commerce platforms have spurred a lively and sometimes heated debate among academics and policy makers: do Internet markets foster competition or are they prone to concentration, possibly to the point of monopolization? Competition economists and lawyers vigorously discuss the peculiarities of these markets and whether traditional rules and interpretations of competition law are sufficient to deal with potential new competition problems. The cases against search engine Google have received most public and academic attention, closely followed by the e book case against Apple. In addition, numerous cases concerning vertical restraints in online sales have recently been brought before European courts. These vertical restraints include across platform parity agreements (APPAs) which are a special form of a most favored customer clause, general bans on online sales or bans on particular platforms, dual pricing systems, and selective and exclusive distribution systems. This chapter starts with a brief discussion of the peculiarities of online markets and then discusses recent antitrust cases related to the Internet.
Consumer Trust in and Emotional Response to Advertisements on Social Media and their Influence on Brand Evaluation

Social media is becoming an important part of an organization's media strategy. This study examines the effects of trust and consumer emotional response to advertisements on brand evaluation in an online social media context. The study used a survey method, and the studied population consisted of 927 Brazilian social media users (Facebook subscribers) The results showed the following: (1) the emotional response to advertising on social media had a positive influence on brand evaluation; and (2) consumer trust had a positive influence on brand evaluation and emotional response to advertisements on social media. It is possible to conclude that consumer trust is the key variable to a positive emotional response to advertisements on social media and to a positive brand evaluation. Finally, this study demonstrates that companies must measure the emotional response to advertising in their social media activities as a way of enhancing brand evaluation.