nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Journalism in the Digital Age: The Commonwealth Experience

What is the future of journalism in the digital age? That question was the theme of the Commonwealth Journalists Association's (CJA's) tenth international conference in London, the first to be held in the UK since the CJA was founded in 1978. What soon became clear was that the answer varied radically from one part of the Commonwealth to another. In 'old Commonwealth' countries such as Australia, Britain and Canada, the main preoccupation is the loss of journalists' jobs as readers, advertisers and broadcast audiences migrate online. In many other parts of the Commonwealth, the concern can be simply staying alive. Bangladesh and Pakistan are two of the most dramatic examples, but they are by no means alone. Farid Hossein, CJA Bangladesh chair and an international vice president, reported that at least five bloggers expressing secularist views had been murdered in 2015, and the killings expressly, or assumed to be, the work of Islamist extremists have continued this year. The same technological transformation that has given individual bloggers a platform, and a means of engaging with their audience, has also enabled their enemies to band together, track them down and kill them. Another example of the double edged nature of the digital revolution came from Pakistan, where journalists in both traditional and new media face intimidation from thugs hired by politicians and business interests, as well as militants. Yet the Rural Media Network, whose members are far more isolated and vulnerable than their big city counterparts, has used the internet to set up an alert system. It lets colleagues and the national media know whenever a rural journalist suffers violence, abduction or threats, bringing them some measure of protection. What journalists from all parts of the Commonwealth had in common was the fear that digital disruption would create a profession that might be equally or even more numerous, but badly paid, immersed in trivia and lacking the training to sift truth from the rumour and fakery that is so easily spread online. However, journalists have no choice but to adapt.
ANALISIS BRAND IMAGE, KUALITAS PRODUK DAN PERSEPSI HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOBIL DAIHATSU XENIA di WONOSOBO

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh brand image terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Daihatsu Xenia di Wonosobo, (2) pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Daihatsu Xenia di Wonosobo, (3) pengaruh persepsi harga terhadap keputusan pembelian mobil Daihatsu Xenia di Wonosobo. Penelitian ini dikategorikan sebagai penelitian konklusif, dimana instrumen penelitian ini berupa kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat yang ada di Kota Wonosobo yang menggunakan dan terlibat dalam proses pembelian kendaraan mobil Daihatsu Xenia. Sampel sebanyak 120 responden yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Uji validitas instrumen menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analisys sedangkan uji reliabilitasnya menggunakan Alpha Cronbach. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa: (1) Brand Image berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan t hitung t tabel, sebesar 4.902 1,98 yang signifikan dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% dan tingkat signifikansinya 0,000. (2) Kualitas produk berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai thitung t tabel, sebesar sebesar 2.823 1,98 yang signifikan dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% dan tingkat signifikansinya 0,006. (3) Persepsi harga berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai t hitung t tabel, sebesar 6.623 1,98 yang signifikan dengan tingkat kesalahan 5% dan tingkat signifikansinya 0,000 (4) Brand image, kualitas produk dan persepsi harga secara parsial berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai F hitung F tabel, sebesar 65,343 2,68 dan tingkat signifikansinya 0,000. (5) Besarnya analisis brand image, kualitas produk dan persepsi harga terhadap keputusan pembelian (adjusted R2 adalah sebesar 0,628. Persamaan regresi yang diperoleh adalah Y= 0,008 0,357X1 0,105X2 0,474X3+e.
Semi Supervised Learning with Context Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Venue: ArXiv

We introduce a simple semi supervised learning approach for images based on in painting using an adversarial loss. Images with random patches removed are presented to a generator whose task is to fill in the hole, based on the surrounding pixels. The in painted images are then presented to a discriminator network that judges if they are real (unaltered training images) or not. This task acts as a regularizer for standard supervised training of the discriminator. Using our approach we are able to directly train large VGG style networks in a semi supervised fashion. We evaluate on STL 10 and PASCAL datasets, where our approach obtains performance comparable or superior to existing methods.
Semi Supervised Learning with Generative Adversarial Networks
Venue: ArXiv

We extend Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to the semi supervised context by forcing the discriminator network to output class labels. We train a generative model G and a discriminator D on a dataset with inputs belonging to one of N classes. At training time, D is made to predict which of N+1 classes the input belongs to, where an extra class is added to correspond to the outputs of G. We show that this method can be used to create a more data efficient classifier and that it allows for generating higher quality samples than a regular GAN.
Detecting Anatomical Landmarks for Fast Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a very popular and effective technique used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease (AD) The success of computer aided diagnosis methods using structural MRI data is largely dependent on the two time consuming steps: 1) nonlinear registration across subjects, and 2) brain tissue segmentation. To overcome this limitation, we propose a landmark based feature extraction method that does not require nonlinear registration and tissue segmentation. In the training stage, in order to distinguish AD subjects from healthy controls (HCs) group comparisons, based on local morphological features, are first performed to identify brain regions that have significant group differences. In general, the centers of the identified regions become landmark locations (or AD landmarks for short) capable of differentiating AD subjects from HCs. In the testing stage, using the learned AD landmarks, the corresponding landmarks are detected in a testing image using an efficient technique based on a shape constrained regression forest algorithm. To improve detection accuracy, an additional set of salient and consistent landmarks are also identified to guide the AD landmark detection. Based on the identified AD landmarks, morphological features are extracted to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that is capable of predicting the AD condition. In the experiments, our method is evaluated on landmark detection and AD classification sequentially. Specifically, the landmark detection error (manually annotated versus automatically detected) of the proposed landmark detector is 2.41 mm, and our landmark based AD classification accuracy is 83.7% Lastly, the AD classification performance of our method is comparable to, or even better than, that achieved by existing region based and voxel based methods, while the proposed method is approximately 50 times faster.
Analyzing and Preventing Bias in Text Based Personal Trait Prediction Algorithms
Venue: 2016 IEEE 28th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI)

Personality prediction based on textual data is one topic gaining attention recently for its potential in large scale personalized applications such as social media based marketing and political campaigning. However, when applying this technology in real world applications, users often encounter situations in which the personality traits derived from different sources (e.g. social media posts versus emails) are inconsistent. Varying results for the same individual renders the tool ineffective and hard to trust. This paper demonstrates the impact of domain bias in automated text based personality prediction, and proposes a novel method to correct domain bias. The proposed approach is generic since it requires neither retraining the system using examples from an application domain, nor any knowledge of the original training data used by a personal trait analysis tool. We conduct comprehensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the method, and the findings indicate a significant improvement of prediction accuracy (e.g. a 20 30% relative error reduction) with the proposed method.
Effect on chick embryos development after exposure to neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid

Worldwide, Imidacloprid is one of the most commonly used insecticides belonging to the family of neonicotinoids. The discovery of neonicotinoids as important novel insecticides represents a milestone in insecticide research over the past three decades. Worldwide, it is insecticides. The objective of current study is to observe the effect on development of chick embryos after exposure to varying concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid.  The current study was carried out on 400 fertile eggs of white leghorn chicken obtained from government poultry farm In experimental group chicken eggs were exposed to Imidacloprid with doses of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg in a volume of 2.5 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml and 20 ml respectively and in control group matching volume of Normal Saline without Imidacloprid were used. The embryos were terminated on 21st day, eggs shell broken with a scalpel and embryos removed. The developmental and teratogenic effects were observed and recorded.  The results show that experimental group had comparatively more cases of developmentaleffects; growth retardation resulting into failure of retraction of yolk sac, limbs defects, head enlargement, ectopia viscerale and decrease weight of chick, crown rump length as compared to controls.  Imidacloprid exposure increases the risks of teratogenic effects with increasing embryonic age. Comparatively higher doses proved more toxic to thedevelopment of chick embryos.
Excess Imidacloprid Exposure Causes the Heart Tube Malformation of Chick Embryos.
Venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

As a neonicotinoid pesticide, imidacloprid is widely used to control sucking insects on agricultural planting and fleas on domestic animals. However, the extent to which imidacloprid exposure has an influence on cardiogensis in early embryogenesis is still poorly understood. In vertebrates, the heart is the first organ to be formed. In this study, to address whether imidacloprid exposure affects early heart development, the early chick embryo has been used as an experimental model because of its accessibility at its early developmental stage. The results demonstrate that exposure of the early chick embryo to imidacloprid caused malformation of heart tube. Furthermore, the data reveal that down regulation of GATA4, NKX2.5, and BMP4 and up regulation of Wnt3a led to aberrant cardiomyocyte differentiation. In addition, imidacloprid exposure interfered with basement membrane breakdown, E cadherin/laminin expression, and mesoderm formation during the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastrula chick embryos. Finally, the DiI labeled cell migration trajectory indicated that imidacloprid restricted the cell migration of cardiac progenitors to primary heart field in gastrula chick embryos. A similar observation was also obtained from the cell migration assay of scratch wounds in vitro. Additionally, imidacloprid exposure negatively affected the cytoskeleton structure and expression of corresponding adhesion molecules. Taken together, these results reveal that the improper EMT, cardiac progenitor migration, and differentiation are responsible for imidacloprid exposure induced malformation of heart tube during chick embryo development.
Sperm viability and gene expression in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera) following exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid and the organophosphate acaricide coumaphos.
Venue: Journal of insect physiology

Honey bee population declines are of global concern. Numerous factors appear to cause these declines including parasites, pathogens, malnutrition and pesticides. Residues of the organophosphate acaricide coumaphos and the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid, widely used to combat Varroa mites and for crop protection in agriculture, respectively, have been detected in wax, pollen and comb samples. Here, we assess the effects of these compounds at different doses on the viability of sperm stored in the honey bee queens' spermatheca. Our results demonstrate that sub lethal doses of imidacloprid (0.02ppm) decreased sperm viability by 50% 7days after treatment. Sperm viability was a downward trend (about 33% in queens treated with high doses of coumaphos (100ppm) but there was not significant difference. The expression of genes that are involved in development, immune responses and detoxification in honey bee queens and workers exposed to chemicals was measured by qPCR analysis. The data showed that expression levels of specific genes were triggered 1day after treatment. The expression levels of P450 subfamily genes, CYP306A1, CYP4G11 and CYP6AS14 were decreased in honey bee queens treated with low doses of coumaphos (5ppm) and imidacloprid (0.02ppm) Moreover, these two compounds suppressed the expression of genes related to antioxidation, immunity and development in queens at day 1. Up regulation of antioxidants by these compounds in worker bees was observed at day 1. Coumaphos also caused a repression of CYP306A1 and CYP4G11 in workers. Antioxidants appear to prevent chemical damage to honey bees. We also found that DWV replication increased in workers treated with imidacloprid. This research clearly demonstrates that chemical exposure can affect sperm viability in queen honey bees.
Imidacloprid Exposure Suppresses Neural Crest Cells Generation during Early Chick Embryo Development.
Venue: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide that is widely used in the control pests found on crops and fleas on pets. However, it is still unclear whether imidacloprid exposure could affect early embryo development despite some studies having been conducted on the gametes. In this study, we demonstrated that imidacloprid exposure could lead to abnormal craniofacial osteogenesis in the developing chick embryo. Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are the progenitor cells of the chick cranial skull. We found that the imidacloprid exposure retards the development of gastrulating chick embryos. HNK 1, PAX7, and Ap 2a immunohistological stainings indicated that cranial NCCs generation was inhibited after imidacloprid exposure. Double immunofluorescent staining (Ap 2a and PHIS3 or PAX7 and c Caspase3) revealed that imidacloprid exposure inhibited both NCC proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, it inhibited NCCs production by repressing Msx1 and BMP4 expression in the developing neural tube and by altering expression of EMT related adhesion molecules (Cad6B, E Cadherin, and N cadherin) in the developing neural crests. We also determined that imidacloprid exposure suppressed cranial NCCs migration and their ability to differentiate. In sum, we have provided experimental evidence that imidacloprid exposure during embryogenesis disrupts NCCs development, which in turn causes defective cranial bone development.
An isolated soft switching buck boost converter utilizing two transformers and embedded bidirectional switches on secondary side for wide voltage applications
Venue: 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

A dual phase shift controlled isolated buck boost converter is presented for wide input or output voltage range applications. Two transformers and a voltage doubler rectifier with embedded bidirectional switch are employed. The primary windings of the two transformers are in series and the secondary windings are in parallel. With optimized dual phase shift modulation strategies, zero voltage switching (ZVS) is achieved for both the primary and secondary side power MOSFETs in a wide load range. The reverse recovery problem of rectifying diodes is eliminated as well. Leakage inductances of the transformers are utilized for power transferring. The voltage stresses of primary side and secondary side power MOSFETs are clamped to the input voltage and half of the output voltage, respectively. Besides, the converter can operate in the buck, balance and boost modes to achieve a wide voltage range. The operational principles are analyzed and experimental results of a 1 kW 100 kHz prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the presented converter.
Performance evaluation of a non isolated bidirectional three port power converter for energy storage applications
Venue: 2016 IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (IPEMC ECCE Asia)

A pulse width modulation (PWM) plus phase shift controlled (PPS) non isolated bidirectional three port converter (TPC) is analyzed for energy storage power system to interface multiple energy sources, storage devices and regulated voltage bus. A staked dual half bridge converter (DHB) is integrated into a non isolated bidirectional buck/boost converter to achieve the bidirectional power transmission between any two of the three ports. With the shared switching bridge in the low voltage side, the number of active switches is reduced. Thanks to the integration structure, low voltage stress on the active switches and high voltage conversion ratio will be achieved. PPS control strategy is employed to provide two control freedoms and single stage power conversion between any two of the three ports is achieved. What's more, with PPS control scheme, wide range voltage/power regulation and soft switching of all the low voltage and high voltage side active switches can be realized. Operational principles, control strategy and characteristics of the analyzed converter are presented. Experiments of a 1 kW prototype have been carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the converter.
Phase Shift Controlled Isolated Buck Boost Converter With Active Clamped Three Level Rectifier (AC TLR) Featuring Soft Switching Within Wide Operation Range
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

An active clamped three level rectifier (AC TLR) is derived from the diode clamped three level inverter, by replacing the active switches and the diodes in the three level inverter with the diodes and active switches, respectively. Novel isolated buck boost converters, featuring single stage conversion and soft switching within wide operation range, are developed based on the proposed AC TLR. By utilizing the AC TLR, the voltage stress on the power devices and passive components, including the rectifying diodes, the active clamping switches, the flying capacitor, and output filter capacitors, is reduced to the half of the output voltage. Low voltage rating switching devices with better switching and conduction performances and a transformer with reduced turns ratio and parasitic parameters are used to enhance the efficiency. The full bridge isolated buck boost converter with the proposed AC TLR is analyzed in detail as an example. An optimized phase shift control strategy is employed to realize isolated buck and boost conversion. Soft switching of all of the switching devices in both the primary and secondary side circuits is achieved within the whole operation range by using the proposed AC TLR and the phase shift control strategy. Experimental results on a prototype with 380 V output verify the effectiveness of the proposed AC TLR and its derived isolated buck boost converters.
Bubble CPAP for Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress A Meta analysis

A meta analysis evaluated bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) for respiratory distress and investigated the effectiveness and safety of bCPAP in the management of preterm infants via the rate of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure, the duration of CPAP, the duration of hospital stay and complications.  Randomised controlled trials which compared bCPAP with continuous flow CPAP or variable flow CPAP on preterm infants were searched in electronic literature databases PubMed(r) Embase(r) Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The CPAP failure rate and incidence of complications was measured by the Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) The duration of CPAP (hr) and hospital stay (d) was measured by the mean difference (MD) with 95% CI.  A total of 196 studies were identified, and 7 citations (involving 566 participants) were included finally. The 5 studies on CPAP failure rate had a pooled RR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.96) Four studies on duration of hospital stay showed a MD of 3.95(95%CI: 4.49, 3.41) Four studies on nasal trauma showed a RR of 2.69 (95% CI: 1.36, 5.33) Other complications were comparable in both groups.  Bubble CPAP is as effective as the other forms of CPAP in preterm infants with respiratory distress. It reduced the CPAP failure rate and the length of hospital stay; however, it was at higher risk of nasal trauma.
Success of Bubble CPAP in Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants

To observe the survival of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome treated with bubble CPAP in a tertiary care hospital.  This prospective observational study was conducted in the NICU of Civil hospital Sukkur from 1st July 2013 to 18th August 2015. All consecutively born preterm neonates with gestational age between 27 weeks to 36 weeks of gestation, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress are included in the study. These neonates were managed by Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) in combination with surfactant (bovine derivative) via intubation, Surfactant replacement, extubation (INSURE) protocol Success was considered when neonates were clinically stable and required 90% and PaCO2 <40 45 mmHg.  Mean age of enrolled infants was 1.35 0.60 days, 70 (57.9% were males and 51 (42.1% were female, mean weight was 1.76 0.37 kg and mean gestational age was 33 2.3 weeks. Overall 77 (63.6% preterm infants were successfully weaned off from CPAP. Multivariable analysis showed weight of infant less than 1.5 kg or 8.63 (95% CI: 1.71 43.57) respiratory rate of more than 70 breaths per minute, or 9.59 (95% CI: 2.59 35.52) nasal flaring or 3.35 (95% CI: 1.08 10.31) and typical findings of RDS on chest X rays 12.04 (95% CI: 1.89 76.52) are independent risk factors for failure of bCPAP. However, gestational age 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54 0.89) is protective against failure.  bCPAP has a high proportion of success in the management of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm. It could be most useful in resource constrained settings.
Methodology development for coupled aeroelastic analysis of wing flutter

An integrated computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics (CFD CSD) approach is being developed for the simulation and prediction of transonic flutter. The CFD solver was based on an unsteady, parallel, multi block, multi grid, structured, finite volume algorithm for the Euler/Navier Stokes equations. The solution of the flowfield is coupled with the structural dynamics by a fully implicit method. The twodimensional (2D) CSD solver is based on the time integration of a two degree of freedom (two DOF) structural model while the three dimensional (3D) CSD solver is a finite element model. The coupled CFD CSD method simulates the elastic system directly in the time domain to determine the stability and response of the aeroelastic system.