nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g C3N4) Based Photocatalysts for Artificial Photosynthesis and Environmental Remediation: Are We a Step Closer To Achieving Sustainability?
Venue: Chemical reviews

As a fascinating conjugated polymer, graphitic carbon nitride (g C3N4) has become a new research hotspot and drawn broad interdisciplinary attention as a metal free and visible light responsive photocatalyst in the arena of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. This is due to its appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical stability, and "earth abundant" nature. This critical review summarizes a panorama of the latest progress related to the design and construction of pristine g C3N4 and g C3N4 based nanocomposites, including (1) nanoarchitecture design of bare g C3N4, such as hard and soft templating approaches, supramolecular preorganization assembly, exfoliation, and template free synthesis routes, (2) functionalization of g C3N4 at an atomic level (elemental doping) and molecular level (copolymerization) and (3) modification of g C3N4 with well matched energy levels of another semiconductor or a metal as a cocatalyst to form heterojunction nanostructures. The construction and characteristics of each classification of the heterojunction system will be critically reviewed, namely metal g C3N4, semiconductor g C3N4, isotype g C3N4/g C3N4, graphitic carbon g C3N4, conducting polymer g C3N4, sensitizer g C3N4, and multicomponent heterojunctions. The band structures, electronic properties, optical absorption, and interfacial charge transfer of g C3N4 based heterostructured nanohybrids will also be theoretically discussed based on the first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to provide insightful outlooks on the charge carrier dynamics. Apart from that, the advancement of the versatile photoredox applications toward artificial photosynthesis (water splitting and photofixation of CO2) environmental decontamination, and bacteria disinfection will be presented in detail. Last but not least, this comprehensive review will conclude with a summary and some invigorating perspectives on the challenges and future directions at the forefront of this research platform. It is anticipated that this review can stimulate a new research doorway to facilitate the next generation of g C3N4 based photocatalysts with ameliorated performances by harnessing the outstanding structural, electronic, and optical properties for the development of a sustainable future without environmental detriment.
Experimental investigation on the performance of a solar powered lithium bromide water absorption cooling system.

The performance of solar cooling absorption system needs further research, due to its poor coefficient of performance (COP) Therefore, this study investigated the performance of a 23 kW solar powered single effect lithium bromide water (LiBr H 2 O) absorption cooling system. Furthermore, the space heating mode was also investigated and the improvement methods were analyzed and discussed. The cooling system was driven by a parabolic trough collector of 56 m 2 aperture area and used for cooling a 102 m 2 meeting room. Research results revealed that the chiller's maximum instantaneous refrigeration coefficient (chiller efficiency) could be up to 0.6. Most of the time, in sunny and clear sky days the daily solar heat fraction ranged from 0.33 to 0.41 and the collectors field efficiency ranged from 0.35 to 0.45. At the same time, chiller efficiency was varied from 0.25 to 0.7 and the daily cooling COP was varied from 0.11 to 0.27, respectively.
Nitrogen Doped Porous Carbon Superstructures Derived from Hierarchical Assembly of Polyimide Nanosheets.
Venue: Advanced materials

3D carbon superstructures are fabricated through the hierarchical assembly of polyimide nanosheets and thermal treatment. Benefiting from the ultrahigh surface area and the hierarchically porous structure, along with the well distributed highly electroactive sites, the flower like carbon material exhibits outstanding catalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction and also serves as a highly stable electrode material in supercapacitors.
Ege Bolgesi Sahil Kusagina Uygun Yulaf (Avena sativa L. Genotiplerinin Belirlenmesi

Arastirma, Ege Bolgesi Sahil Kusagina uygun umitvar yulaf hat ve cesitlerinin verim ve kalite ozelliklerini belirlemek amaciyla; Menemen, Nazilli lokasyonlarinda 2011 2012 uretim sezonunda tesaduf bloklari deneme deseninde, dort tekerrurlu olarak yurutulmustur. Denemeler her iki lokasyonda da yulaf bolge verim denemesi seklinde kurulmus olup, lokasyonlara birlestirilmis analiz de uygulanmistir. Calismada islah calismalari sonucu gelistirilen genotiplerin tane verimi ve kalite acisindan performanslarinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Bu kapsamda tane verimi, hektolitre agirligi, bin tane agirligi, tane iriligi, protein, yag, nisasta, besinsel lif, beta glukan ve kul oralari incelenmistir.  Denemede tane veriminde 12 ve 17, hektolitre agirliginda 17, bin tane agirliginda 14, tane iriliginde 22, protein oraninda 13, yag oraninda 12, nisasta oraninda 12, besinsel lif oraninda 10, beta glukan oraninda 18 numarali hatlar verim ve kalite yonuyle ustun bulunmuslardir.
Do Early Educators' Implicit Biases Regarding Sex and Race Relate to Behavior Expectations and Recommendations of Preschool Expulsions and Suspensions?

1 This is a research brief providing basic information regarding the methods, findings and implications from the described study, for presentation at the U. Acknowledgements: This work was completed through a generous grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. All photos of children are presented with permission of their parents. The authors also wish to acknowledge Amalia Londono Tobon, MD and Sarah Grossman Kahn for their assistance in collecting the data and preparing the videos for analysis; Dan Huber for filming the videos used in this study; and useful comments from Abstract Preschool expulsions and the disproportionate expulsion of Black boys have gained attention in recent years, but little has been done to understand the underlying causes behind this issue. This study examined the potential role of preschool educators' implicit biases as a viable partial explanation behind disparities in preschool expulsions. Participants were recruited at a large conference of early educators and completed two tasks. In Task 1, participants were primed to expect challenging behaviors (although none were present) while watching a video of preschoolers, balanced by sex and race, engaging in typical activities, as the participants' eye gazes were tracked. In Task 2, participants read a standardized vignette of a preschooler with challenging behavior and were randomized to receive the vignette with the child's name implying either a Black boy, Black girl, White boy, or White girl, as well as randomized to receive the vignette with or without background information on the child's family environment. Findings revealed that when expecting challenging behaviors teachers gazed longer at Black children, especially Black boys. Findings also suggested that implicit biases may differ depending on teacher race. Providing family background information resulted in lowered severity ratings when teacher and child race matched, but resulted in increased severity ratings when their race did not match. No differences were found based on recommendations regarding suspension or expulsion, except that Black teachers in general recommended longer periods of disciplinary exclusion regardless of child gender/race. Recommendations for future research and policy regarding teacher training are offered. Preschool expulsions and suspensions cause young children to lose their early educational placement or time in care, directly undermining their access to educational opportunities. This " push out " phenomenon has become increasingly concerning to the field especially given the disproportionate rates of early childhood expulsions for boys, Blacks, and particularly Black boys. Black preschoolers are 3.6 times as likely to receive one
Assessing differences in physiologic subjective response toward male and female orientated sexually explicit videos in heterosexual individuals

The goal of the present study was to examine sexual response to male and female oriented sexually explicit films in heterosexual men and women. Forty participants (20 men and 20 women; mean age 29.42 years) attended three separate lab sessions. One 15 minute sexually explicit video was shown per session. For session one, all participants viewed a female oriented film selected by the experimenters. The films used for subsequent sessions were counterbalanced male oriented or female oriented clips that had been previously studied. A thermographic camera measured temperature on the penile shaft for men and labia for women. Continuous and discrete self reported sexual arousal was also obtained. Genital temperature was averaged into 15 one minute bins and a repeated measures ANOVA was conducted. Men demonstrated significantly greater increases in temperature over time than women, F (14, 980) 19.27, p .000, however there were no significant differences between films or sex x film interaction. Women reported significantly higher subjective sexual arousal to the films than men, F(1, 69) range 3.89 to 9.67, p range .01 to .05, but there were no significant differences between films or a sex x film interaction. Results suggest that film orientation has minimal impact on physiologic sexual responsiveness in men or women. Although both sexes demonstrated significant increases in sexual arousal for these pre selected films, future laboratory research would benefit from examining whether participant selected stimuli produces a greater response than experimenter selected films.
PROJETO DE CAMA HOSPITALAR REGULAVEL POR MANIVELA MANUAL (2014) 1 DESIGN OF A MANUALLY ADJUSTABLE CRANK HOSPITAL BED (2014)

This study aimed to contribute to the performance of healthcare professionals in the operation of manually adjustable hospital beds. Therefore, a manually adjustable crank hospital bed was designed based on methods and techniques proposed by Lobach (2001) and Baxter (2000) as well as previous scientific studies about Hospital Environment, Design and Ergonomics. During the development of this project, analyses on the product variables were carried out in order to explain some of the architectural design problems. The research only found horizontally operated beds, where the hand crank facility is located under the bed footboard. No vertically operated bed was found, thus making the proposed design distinctive. Consequently, it will improve the working conditions of healthcare professionals by helping them to adjust hospital beds more quickly and easily without being more expensive.
A Survey of Role Mining
Venue: ACM Comput. Surv.

Role Based Access Control (RBAC) is the most widely used model for advanced access control deployed in diverse enterprises of all sizes. RBAC critically depends on defining roles, which are a functional intermediate between users and permissions. Thus, for RBAC to be effective, an appropriate set of roles needs to be identified. Since many organizations already have user permission assignments defined in some form, it makes sense to identify roles from this existing information. This process, known as role mining, is one of the critical steps for successful RBAC adoption in any enterprise. In recent years, numerous role mining techniques have been developed, which take into account the characteristics of the core RBAC model, as well as its various extended features. In this article, we comprehensively study and classify the basic problem of role mining along with its several variants and the corresponding solution strategies. Categorization is done on the basis of the nature of the target RBAC system, the objective of role mining, and the type of solution. We then discuss the limitations of existing work and identify new areas of research that can lead to further enrichment of this field.
Spatiotemporal structure of intracranial electric fields induced by transcranial electric stimulation in humans and nonhuman primates
Venue: Scientific reports

Transcranial electric stimulation (TES) is an emerging technique, developed to non invasively modulate brain function. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of the intracranial electric fields induced by TES remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how much current actually reaches the brain, and how it distributes across the brain. Lack of this basic information precludes a firm mechanistic understanding of TES effects. In this study we directly measure the spatial and temporal characteristics of the electric field generated by TES using stereotactic EEG (s EEG) electrode arrays implanted in cebus monkeys and surgical epilepsy patients. We found a small frequency dependent decrease (10% in magnitudes of TES induced potentials and negligible phase shifts over space. Electric field strengths were strongest in superficial brain regions with maximum values of about 0.5 mV/mm. Our results provide crucial information of the underlying biophysics in TES applications in humans and the optimization and design of TES stimulation protocols. In addition, our findings have broad implications concerning electric field propagation in non invasive recording techniques such as EEG/MEG.
The Shariah Financial Accounting Standards: How they Prevent Fraud in Islamic Banking

This study aims to investigate the influence of Shariah financial accounting standards, the independence of the Shariah Supervisory Board and Auditor Competency Shariah to the prevention of fraud in Islamic banks in Indonesia. Sampling using saturated sample or the entire population of as many as 48 people include auditors in Islamic banking and Islamic Supervisory Board analysis tool using regression analysis using F test and t test with SPSS ver.17.00. The results showed that the Shariah financial accounting standards, the independence of the Shariah Supervisory Board and Auditor Competency Shariah simultaneously affect the prevention of fraud in Islamic banks. Islamic financial accounting standards have significant effect on the prevention of fraud in Shariah banks. Variables such as independence of the partial Shariah Supervisory Board has no effect on the prevention of fraud in Shariah banks while Islamic auditor competence variables have partially significant effect on the prevention of fraud in Shariah banks.
A Scheme of MIDI Music Emotion Classification Based on Fuzzy Theme Extraction and Neural Network
Venue: 2016 12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS)

This paper proposes a framework to recognize music emotion, in which an innovative approach to theme extraction is also included. Furthermore, the theme extraction algorithm proposed is based on a fuzzy pattern matching method using a combination of suffix array and dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. The classification of music emotion employs an approach of the supervised artificial neural network. Moreover, the output from theme extraction contributes to the input of emotions classification. Experiments are performed, and the results show the efficiency and effectiveness of our scheme.
Leadership effectiveness, perceived organizational support and work ability: Mediating role of job satisfaction

Present study tested a model consisting work ability as dependent variable and leadership effectiveness and perceived organizational support as independent variable, with job satisfaction as its mediator. Data were gathered from a sample of 330 employees of an industrial organization in Iran, who were selected by stratified random sampling method. Of this sample, 72 percent were men and average age was 41 years. Fitness of the proposed model was examined through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 16 and AMOS 16 software packages. The indirect effects were tested using the bootstrap procedure in Preacher and Hayes (2008) SPSS Macro program for mediation. Findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data. Better fit and more meaningful results obtained by adding 1 paths and using AMOS modification indices. The results supported components of the proposed model, in that leadership effectiveness and perceived organizational support predicted job satisfaction, which in turn predicted work ability index. In addition, job satisfaction fully mediated these relationships. Discussion and implications of the results are presented in the study.
Infant Trafficking and Baby Factories: A New Tale of Child Abuse in Nigeria

Baby factories are new systematic abuse structures that are promoting infant trafficking, neo slavery and the exploitation of young women with unwanted pregnancies in Nigeria. Since this practice was first described in 2006, it has been growing rather than abating. This paper reviews the scientific literature, along with media reports, and critiques this phenomenon from a children's rights' perspective. Children born into baby factories are denied various civil rights. They also suffer abuse in the baby factories and as a consequence of being born in such places. This abuse can be classified into immediate and long term. Immediate abuse includes inadequate care and its repercussions, denial of birth registration, illegal adoption and murder. Long term or delayed abuse that they may be exposed to includes health related consequences, neglect, death, child labour, prostitution and other sexual abuse, organ trafficking and recruitment as child soldiers. Various factors are thought to drive the baby factory phenomenon which include poverty, high infertility rates and the profitability of local and inter country adoptions. Programmes directed at addressing the root cause of the problem are needed in order to eliminate infant trafficking. Also, clear laws that delineate inter country adoption and infant trafficking need to be enacted. Most importantly, baby factories need to be recognised as child trafficking routes.  A new type of child abuse and human trafficking that targets infants has emerged in Nigeria in what are described as 'baby factories' Baby factories are criminal entities that exploit young girls with unwanted pregnancies and the practice is growing. Children born in baby factories suffer a range of immediate abuses and are exposed to long term abuses. Baby factories violate several articles in the Convention on the Rights of a Child. 'Criminal entities that exploit young girls with unwanted pregnancies'
Inhibition of mammillary body neurons by direct activation of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors.
Venue: Neurotransmitter

The mammillary body is an important neural component of limbic circuitry implicated in learning and memory. Excitatory and inhibitory inputs, primarily mediated by glutamate and gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) respectively, converge and integrate in this region, before sending information to the thalamus. One potentially overlooked mechanism for inhibition of mammillary body neurons is through direct activation of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) Here, whole cell patch clamp recordings of in vitro slice preparations containing the mammillary body nuclei of the mouse were employed to record responses to bath application of pharmacological agents to isolate the direct effect of activating Group II mGluRs. Application of the Group II mGluR specific agonist, APDC, resulted in a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential in mammillary body neurons, likely resulting from the opening of a potassium conductance. These data suggest that glutamatergic inputs to the mammillary body may be attenuated via Group II mGluRs and implicates a functional role for these receptors in memory related circuits and broadly throughout the central nervous system.
Vocabulary does not complicate the simple view of reading
Venue: Reading and writing

Gough and Tunmer's (1986) simple view of reading (SVR) proposed that reading comprehension (RC) is a function of language comprehension (LC) and word recognition/decoding. Braze et al. (2007) presented data suggesting an extension of the SVR in which knowledge of vocabulary (V) affected RC over and above the effects of LC. Tunmer and Chapman (2012) found a similar independent contribution of V to RC when the data were analyzed by hierarchical regression. However, additional analysis by factor analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that the effect of V on RC was, in fact, completely captured by LC itself and there was no need to posit a separate direct effect of V on RC. In the present study, we present new data from young adults with sub optimal reading skill (N 286) Latent variable and regression analyses support Gough and Tunmer's original proposal and the conclusions of Tunmer and Chapman that V can be considered a component of LC and not an independent contributor to RC.
Fashion Meets Computer Vision and NLP at e Commerce Search

In this paper, we focus on cross modal (visual and textual) e commerce search within the fashion domain. Particularly, we investigate two tasks: 1) given a query image, we retrieve textual descriptions that correspond to the visual attributes in the query; and 2) given a textual query that may express an interest in specific visual product characteristics, we retrieve relevant images that exhibit the required visual attributes. To this end, we introduce a new dataset that consists of 53,689 images coupled with textual descriptions. The images contain fashion garments that display a great variety of visual attributes, such as different shapes, colors and textures in natural language. Unlike previous datasets, the text provides a rough and noisy description of the item in the image. We extensively analyze this dataset in the context of cross modal e commerce search. We investigate two state of the art latent variable models to bridge between textual and visual data: bilingual latent Dirichlet allocation and canonical correlation analysis. We use state of the art visual and textual features and report promising results.
Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Agricultural Sector: Opportunities and Challenges

In India, agriculture is an important sector of the Indian economy and accounts for almost 14% of India's gross domestic product (GDP) Agriculture forms the backbone of rural India which inhabits 65% of the Indian population; hence any policy decision regarding agriculture has an impact on a large majority of the vast population There is growing evidence that investing in Indian agricultural sector is among the most efficient ways to reduce poverty and hunger. Agricultural investments can generate a wide range of developmental benefits.The agricultural sector is facing a crisis. Ardent students of the Indian Economy and all those who have been following the recent trends in its agricultural growth and development will agree that the sharp deceleration in the agricultural sector despite an overall impressive growth of the Indian economy is a major cause of concern today. There can be no better time than now the period of second generation reforms for a critical study of this vital sector of the Indian economy and for ensuring a second green revolution in the near future. FDI in Agricultural Sector is one of the fruitful steps in improving plight of Indian Farmers.This paper attempts to study the FDI policy of Government for agricultural Sector. The present study has focused on the trends of FDI Flow in agricultural sector during 2000 01 to 2015 16 (up to December 2015) At the end, the paper contained the positive and negative impacts of Foreign Investment on Indian Agricultural Sector.