nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk, Uncertainty, and Expected Returns
Venue: Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis

A conditional asset pricing model with risk and uncertainty implies that the time varying exposures of equity portfolios to the market and uncertainty factors carry positive risk premia. The empirical results from the size, book to market, momentum, and industry portfolios indicate that the conditional covariances of equity portfolios with market and uncertainty predict the time series and cross sectional variation in stock returns. We find that equity portfolios that are highly correlated with economic uncertainty proxied by the variance risk premium (VRP) carry a significant annualized 8% premium relative to portfolios that are minimally correlated with VRP.
The shaping of human diversity: filters, boundaries and transitions
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

The evolution of modern humans was a complex process, involving major changes in levels of diversity through time. The fossils and stone tools that record the spatial distribution of our species in the past form the backbone of our evolutionary history, and one that allows us to explore the different processes cultural and biological that acted to shape the evolution of different populations in the face of major climate change. Those processes created a complex palimpsest of similarities and differences, with outcomes that were at times accelerated by sharp demographic and geographical fluctuations. The result is that the population ancestral to all modern humans did not look or behave like people alive today. This has generated questions regarding the evolution of human universal characters, as well as the nature and timing of major evolutionary events in the history of Homo sapiens. The paucity of African fossils remains a serious stumbling block for exploring some of these issues. However, fossil and archaeological discoveries increasingly clarify important aspects of our past, while breakthroughs from genomics and palaeogenomics have revealed aspects of the demography of Late Quaternary Eurasian hominin groups and their interactions, as well as those between foragers and farmers. This paper explores the nature and timing of key moments in the evolution of human diversity, moments in which population collapse followed by differential expansion of groups set the conditions for transitional periods. Five transitions are identified (i) at the origins of the species, 240 200 ka; (ii) at the time of the first major expansions, 130 100 ka; (iii) during a period of dispersals, 70 50 ka; (iv) across a phase of local/regional structuring of diversity, 45 25 ka; and (v) during a phase of significant extinction of hunter gatherer diversity and expansion of particular groups, such as farmers and later societies (the Holocene Filter) 15 0 ka. This article is part of the themed issue 'Major transitions in human evolution'
'No Condition IS Permanent' Informal Transport Workers and Labour Precarity in Africa's Largest City

This article pieces together an understanding of everyday life grounded in the social imagination and everyday experiences of informal transport workers (ITWs) in Lagos, Nigeria's commercial capital and Africa's largest city. The article has two core objectives: to elevate the everyday practices of ITWs to the status of a critical concept in order to advance a sociology of everyday life, and to ground these practices on the precarious rhythm of everyday life as lived by people with the experience of radical uncertainty. By using crisis as a context of action and meaning, the article shows how uncertainty serves as a social resource that ITWs leverage to negotiate the precarious nature of everyday life and to make the most of their time. This foregrounding of uncertainty enhances our hitherto tenuous grasp of labour precarity, informal agency and the everyday struggle for survival in Africa's informal transport sector.
A Unified Approach to the Sensitivity and Variability Physics Based Modeling of Semiconductor Devices Operated in Dynamic Conditions Part I: Large Signal Sensitivity
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

We present here and in the companion paper (Part II) a general framework for the modeling of semiconductor device variability through the physics based analysis of the small change sensitivity. We consider a very general class of dynamic device operation, i.e. the periodic or quasi periodic large signal (LS) time varying regime, and we evaluate the sensitivity of both dc and harmonic components of the device dynamic working point with respect to process or physical device parameters. The proposed technique is based on the linearization of the physics based device model around a nominal parameter, and extends to the dynamic case the already established Green's function approach to the numerically efficient dc sensitivity analysis. As an example of application, we consider a class A GaAs MESFET microwave power amplifier; the sensitivity of the LS working point with respect to doping and gate work function variations is evaluated through the proposed approach and compared with the result of repeated LS amplifier analyses, showing that the numerically efficient small change sensitivity approach provides reliable predictions for parameter variations up to 10% of the nominal value.
The massive end of the luminosity and stellar mass functions and clustering from CMASS to SDSS: evidence for and against passive evolution

We describe the luminosity function, based on Sersic fits to the light profiles, of CMASS galaxies at z 0.55. Compared to previous estimates, our Sersic based reductions imply more luminous, massive galaxies, consistent with the effects of Sersic rather than Petrosian or de Vaucouleur based photometry on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main galaxy sample at z 0.1. This implies a significant revision of the high mass end of the correlation between stellar and halo mass. Inferences about the evolution of the luminosity and stellar mass functions depend strongly on the assumed, and uncertain, k+e corrections. In turn, these depend on the assumed age of the population. Applying k+e corrections taken from fitting the models of Maraston et al. (2009) to the colors of both SDSS and CMASS galaxies, the evolution of the luminosity and stellar mass functions appears impressively passive, provided that the fits are required to return old ages. However, when matched in comoving number or luminosity density, the SDSS galaxies are less strongly clustered compared to their counterparts in CMASS. This rules out the passive evolution scenario, and, indeed, any minor merger scenarios which preserve the rank ordering in stellar mass of the population. Potential incompletenesses in the CMASS sample would further enhance this mismatch. Our analysis highlights the virtue of combining clustering measurements with number counts.
A software defined architecture for next generation cellular networks
Venue: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

In the recent years, mobile cellular networks are undergoing fundamental changes and many established concepts are being revisited. New emerging paradigms, such as Software Defined Networking (SDN) Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) Network Function Virtualization (NFV) Internet of Things (IoT) and Mobile Social Networking (MSN) bring challenges in the design of cellular networks architectures. Current Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks are not able to accommodate these new trends in a scalable and efficient way. In this paper, first we discuss the limitations of the current LTE architecture. Second, driven by the new communication needs and by the advances in aforementioned areas, we propose a new architecture for next generation cellular networks. Some of its characteristics include support for distributed content routing, Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) and multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) Finally, we present simulation results which show that significant backhaul traffic savings can be achieved by implementing caching and routing functions at the network edge.
Design Simulation and Analysis of Manual Block Making Machine

This paper reports the synopsis of design simulation and analysis of manual block making machine; it is a small fraction of a bigger research study. Analysis of the various components that make up the final design was done in order to establish the forces, stresses and dimensions. The studies included dynamic simulation, frame analysis and stress examination. Finite Element Analysis was conducted on the components that could have failed during the normal operation of the machine; as such two analyses were done, one to investigate the effect of member components weight due to gravity and the second to investigate the effect of the return load on the frame members. All drawings, calculations, design, assembly, simulations, and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) were done by the Autodesk Inventor, 2016 Engineering Design Software. The results are: Flat lever analysis: The maximum displacement achieved was 0.0000008642mm, while the safety factor was 15ul and so the design of the flat component was acceptable if subjected to loads as exposed. However, it seems that the part is overdesigned. Compactor frame analysis: The maximum displacement was 1.605mm and considering the fixed end would not actually be fixed in the actual machine, this displacement was found to be acceptable. The minimum safety factor achieved was 4.35ul which is acceptable and the maximum 15 ul. Complete assembly analysis: Maximum contact pressure achieved was 36.72 MPa while some components received no contact pressure from the load. The safety factor for the whole machine was 15ul. The value may lead to an assumption that the machine has been "overdesigned" but considering that some of the sections of the machine are actually unaffected by the load, or the loading conditions is short, and allowing for that it is an equipment that intends to operate on a daily basis, and it is made of ductile material, operated in repeated and impact mode of loading, environmental considerations and also to account for all the unpredictable factors, then, this safety factor for the machine is acceptable. For single components however there would be a need to reduce the "overdesigning" The study accomplished design simulation and analysis of manual block making machine, resulting in 3D view of the final assembly of the machine (made of mild steel) with all standard notations. Overall, the results of this concise study are rather positive, providing a good starting point for further and much deeper exploration on the same. The major recommendation was made vis a vis design factor of safety, in order to eliminate/reduce "overdesigning" and to obtain sequential solutions that exhibit asymptotic convergence to values representing the exact solution, it is recommended to conduct h refinement of the mesh in FEA.  design, simulation, assembly, analysis, block making machine
Making machine learning useable by revealing internal states update a transparent approach
Venue: IEEE CSE 2016

Machine learning ML techniques are often found difficult to apply effectively in practice because of their complexities. Therefore, making ML useable is emerging as one of active research fields recently. Furthermore, an ML algorithm is still a 'black box' This 'black box' approach makes it difficult for users to understand complicated ML models. As a result, the user is uncertain about the usefulness of ML results and this affects the effectiveness of ML methods. This paper focuses on making a 'black box' ML process transparent by presenting real time internal status update of the ML process to users explicitly. A user study was performed to investigate the impact of revealing internal status update to users on the easiness of understanding data analysis process, meaningfulness of real time status update, and convincingness of ML results. The study showed that revealing of the internal states of ML process can help improve easiness of understanding the data analysis process, make real time status update more meaningful, and make ML results more convincing.
Innovative Conceptual Design of Manual Concrete Block Making Machine

One of the basic human needs is having a proper shelter. Due to the rapid population and urbanization growth, there is an escalating demand for affordable housing in Kenya. This necessitates looking for ways to reduce construction costs, particularly for low income housing group. Concrete block construction has recently gained significance, however most of the commercially available block making machines are imported and also expensive. Locally made affordable block making machine would render useful in lowering the cost of construction. This project, therefore, was aimed to complete a conceptual design of an innovative undemanding stationary manually operated concrete block machine that molds concrete blocks at a fraction of a cost in comparison with power operated options. The target specifications were derived from the customers' needs data collected during the local workshops' visits and from the secondary sources, mainly patents. Three design alternatives were developed; alternative design #3 was chosen by the engineering design decision weighted matrix and by the drop and re vote (D&R) method. The originality of this design is essentially in the ejection system: as opposed to many block making machines available which ejects blocks instead of the mould, this machine ejects the mould leaving the blocks on the base plate. Mild steel was a material of choice for the machine. A static simulation study on the frame model, which was fixed at the bottom mounting and an overall normal force of 981N or 100 Kg applied at the base plate was done using Engineering Design Software: SolidWorks, 2013 (design and simulation tool) The study included Stress, Displacement, and Strain analysis. Conceptual design of manual concrete block making machine was optimized according to results of simulations, calculations and fundamental engineering design principles. Cost estimation shows that this simple and economical piece of equipment could have a potential in lowering the cost of construction. To ascertain a potential, however, the authors propose further work on prototyping and testing to be carried out.  block making, concrete, design, machine.
Automatic French fries making machine
Venue: 2016 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT)

Automatic French Fries making machine which will be useful in the small scale industries is proposed at a low cost. The production process mainly comprises of the following steps such as Blanching, Peeling, Slicing, Frying[1][4] and the mixing process. These potatoes are washed and the skin is peeled off. Then, the potatoes are put into the hopper, where they drop onto the top of slicing blade through the tray from the hopper. There is a pushing plate connected to a lead screw which is powered by the wiper motor where the potato is sensed by the sensor and the motor is actuated and this is followed by the descending of lead screw towards the slicing blade. The lead screw is attached with a pushing plate for the complete slicing of potatoes into pieces, which then falls down to a rotating fryer set up. The side plates consists of four sub plates at right angles to each other. The outer path has a small ventilation in it, through which sliced pieces of potatoes are inserted. From there, they reach the oil pan near the base where they get heated in a heater. As the side plate continues to rotate, the heated pieces progress up, and finds the ventilation in inner circular path. Through that ventilation they travel down to a mixer unit. In the mixer unit it get accumulated in a lower plate. Once that motions is sensed, an upper vibrator motor starts vibrating. These vibrations are clubbed to a plate with holes on it and it also contains a mixture of Chilly powder and salt. Therefore, the mixture falls once they receive those vibrations, and mixes with the product. So this low cost automation in French fries making system will be a boon for bakeries in domestic level.
Nursing Students' Use of Electronic and Social Media: Law, Ethics, and E Professionalism
Venue: Nursing education perspectives

AIMThis article discusses the promotion of professionalism in nursing students with regard to the use of electronic and social media. BACKGROUNDMisuse of social media can lead to disciplinary actions and program dismissal for students and to legal actions and lawsuits for nursing programs. Programs are concerned about breaches of patient confidentiality and release of private or inappropriate information that jeopardizes clinical placements and relationships.  Recent law cases involving students who were dismissed from nursing programs due to social media misuse are analyzed. CONCLUSIONSchools need policies that clearly establish expectations and the consequences of misuse of social media platforms. Lessons learned from the legal cases presented provide further guidance for both nursing students and nursing programs.
The Ethics of Managing Conflicts in the Era of Social Media

Increasingly, patients and families are engaging the media to influence transplant eligibility decisions for themselves or their family members. This chapter starts by reviewing the history of social media and how social media works as a means of persuasion, particularly in healthcare cases. The chapter then provides an overview of so called social media crises, and presents an ethical framework to inform and assist policymakers, hospital centers and healthcare providers in responding to public outcry, while managing legal constraints to maintain patient confidentiality and ethical constraints to promote equity and utility in transplant access. In conclusion, the chapter addresses preventive strategies to mitigate both patient harm and public misperceptions.
Understanding Gender Symmetry within an Expanded Partner Violence Typology
Venue: Journal of Family Violence

Controversies persist regarding the pervasiveness of gender symmetrical patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration even as IPV research has proliferated. Johnson's typology accounts for gender symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns of partner violence; unfortunately this framework has been poorly integrated into our research methods resulting in a fragmented knowledgebase. The original typology can be expanded to account for patterns of control absent of physical violence at the dyadic level. Measures based upon an expanded typology will allow us to better explore the theoretical underpinnings of gender symmetry in partner violence categories, and facilitate category specific intervention development.
Exposure to violence, typology, and recidivism in a probation sample of domestic violence perpetrators.
Venue: Child abuse neglect

The present study investigated the predictive utility of self reported domestic violence perpetrators' exposure to violence in their family of origin and patterns related to this exposure through the use of longitudinal analyses on a sample of 228 men on probation in Lake County, Illinois. Differences in typology, recidivism, recidivism frequency, and violent behavior survival patterns in men with a history of domestic violence perpetration and with varying levels of family of origin violence exposure were examined. Findings suggest that those who witnessed interparental violence (either alone, or in combination with experiencing violence) were most likely to be classified as Generally Violent offenders (e.g. perpetrators who direct violence toward their family and others) compared to those who did not report experiencing or witnessing violence. In addition, results also indicate that men who experienced both witnessing interparental violence and receiving physical abuse in childhood were more likely to recidivate more frequently compared to those who did not report experiencing or witnessing violence. No significant findings for typology and recidivism were noted. Clinical and policy/practice implications are discussed.
Artifact removal in the context of group ICA: A comparison of single subject and group approaches
Venue: Human brain mapping

Independent component analysis (ICA) has been widely applied to identify intrinsic brain networks from fMRI data. Group ICA computes group level components from all data and subsequently estimates individual level components to recapture intersubject variability. However, the best approach to handle artifacts, which may vary widely among subjects, is not yet clear. In this work, we study and compare two ICA approaches for artifacts removal. One approach, recommended in recent work by the Human Connectome Project, first performs ICA on individual subject data to remove artifacts, and then applies a group ICA on the cleaned data from all subjects. We refer to this approach as Individual ICA based artifacts Removal Plus Group ICA (IRPG) A second proposed approach, called Group Information Guided ICA (GIG ICA) performs ICA on group data, then removes the group level artifact components, and finally performs subject specific ICAs using the group level non artifact components as spatial references. We used simulations to evaluate the two approaches with respect to the effects of data quality, data quantity, variable number of sources among subjects, and spatially unique artifacts. Resting state test retest datasets were also employed to investigate the reliability of functional networks. Results from simulations demonstrate GIG ICA has greater performance compared with IRPG, even in the case when single subject artifacts removal is perfect and when individual subjects have spatially unique artifacts. Experiments using test retest data suggest that GIG ICA provides more reliable functional networks. Based on high estimation accuracy, ease of implementation, and high reliability of functional networks, we find GIG ICA to be a promising approach.
Peer to peer Lecture Films A Successful Study Concept for a First Year Laboratory Material Science Course

Material science is believed to be one of the more complicated subjects in mechanical engineering because the scientific background is generally not taught at school during job training. First year students of mechanical and automotive engineering at HTW Berlin are required to take 2 classes in material science. Laboratory exercises accompany the education, but basic knowledge upon theory is necessary to work practically. Lecture films show the laboratory routine prior to lab hours and show students what they are going to experience and learn. These films were initially inspired by students and conducted during a one term semester project supervised by lecturers and film experts (peer to peer approach) It was found that students watching the films were prepared better and gained more knowledge during practical work than those who did not have access to the films. Watching the introductory films lead to more download activity and actual studying of the lectures provided to prepare the experiments and furthermore lead to slightly better testing results. Peer to peer lecture films were also successfully implemented teaching general phase diagrams and the iron carbon phase diagram.