nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Study Evaluating the Association Between Physician Burnout and Changes in Professional Work Effort.
Venue: Mayo Clinic proceedings

To longitudinally evaluate the relationship between burnout and professional satisfaction with changes in physicians' professional effort.  Administrative/payroll records were used to longitudinally evaluate the professional work effort of faculty physicians working for Mayo Clinic from October 1, 2008, to October 1, 2014. Professional effort was measured in full time equivalent (FTE) units. Physicians were longitudinally surveyed in October 2011 and October 2013 with standardized tools to assess burnout and satisfaction.  Between 2008 and 2014, the proportion of physicians working less than full time at our organization increased from 13.5% to 16.0% (P=.05) Of the 2663 physicians surveyed in 2011 and 2776 physicians surveyed in 2013, 1856 (69.7% and 2132 (76.9% respectively, returned surveys. Burnout and satisfaction scores in 2011 correlated with actual reductions in FTE over the following 24 months as independently measured by administrative/payroll records. After controlling for age, sex, site, and specialty, each 1 point increase in the 7 point emotional exhaustion scale was associated with a greater likelihood of reducing FTE (odds ratio [OR] 1.43; 95% CI, 1.23 1.67; P<.001) over the following 24 months, and each 1 point decrease in the 5 point satisfaction score was associated with greater likelihood of reducing FTE (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03 1.74; P=.03) On longitudinal analysis at the individual physician level, each 1 point increase in emotional exhaustion (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05 1.55; P=.01) or 1 point decrease in satisfaction (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.19 2.35; P=.003) between 2011 and 2013 was associated with a greater likelihood of reducing FTE over the following 12 months.  Among physicians in a large health care organization, burnout and declining satisfaction were strongly associated with actual reductions in professional work effort over the following 24 months.
Assessment challenges in competency based education: A case study in health professions education
Venue: Medical teacher

There is a growing demand for health sciences faculty with formal training in education. Addressing this need, the University of Michigan Medical School created a Master in Health Professions Education (UM MHPE) The UM MHPE is a competency based education (CBE) program targeting professionals. The program is individualized and adaptive to the learner's situation using personal mentoring. Critical to CBE is an assessment process that accurately and reliably determines a learner's competence in educational domains. The program's assessment method has two principal components: an independent assessment committee and a learner repository. Learners submit evidence of competence that is evaluated by three independent assessors. The assessments are presented to an Assessment Committee who determines whether the submission provides evidence of competence. The learner receives feedback on the submission and, if needed, the actions needed to reach competency. During the program's first year, six learners presented 10 submissions for review. Assessing learners in a competency based program has created challenges; setting standards that are not readily quantifiable is difficult. However, we argue it is a more genuine form of assessment and that this process could be adapted for use within most competency based formats. While our approach is demanding, we document practical learning outcomes that assess competence.
Consumer Participation in Co creation: An Enlightening Model of Causes and Effects Based on Ethical Values and Transcendent Motives
Venue: Front. Psychol.

In the current highly interconnected modern world, the role of consumers has changed substantially due to their active collaboration with companies in product and process innovation. Specifically, consumer participation has become key to the development of successful products and services, as companies have come to rely more and more on consumers' opinion as a source of innovative ideas and brand value. However, whereas existing research has focused on identifying the different elements involved in consumers' co creation, there is still the need to comprehend better this complex mechanism by integrating distinct dimensional insights. With an integrative review of research into three important perspectives, one nurturing from the Service Dominant logic, another one based on the information and communication technologies (ICTs) platforms, and (the ethical values driven) Marketing 3.0 paradigm, this article proposes a conceptual framework in which consumers' ethical values and transcendent motivations play an important role in encouraging their engagement in co creation activities. In this connection, and with consumers increasingly embracing the need to fulfill a social and ethical function in society, the co creation process is here comprehended as a means to emphasize the social and moral aspects of co creation. This article also identifies the important, supportive role of the Marketing 3.0 paradigm and Web 3.0 tools to initiate the co creation process, as well as the important valuable benefits attained by both companies and consumers after consumers engage in this process. Importantly, these benefits are highlighted to increase when ethical products are the object of these co creation activities. All these insights have notable implications for both research and managerial practice.
Foundations of MRI phase imaging and processing for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM)
Venue: Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is a novel MRI based technique that relies on estimates of the magnetic field distribution in the tissue under examination. Several sophisticated data processing steps are required to extract the magnetic field distribution from raw MRI phase measurements. The objective of this review article is to provide a general overview and to discuss several underlying assumptions and limitations of the pre processing steps that need to be applied to MRI phase data before the final field to source inversion can be performed. Beginning with the fundamental relation between MRI signal and tissue magnetic susceptibility this review covers the reconstruction of magnetic field maps from multi channel phase images, background field correction, and provides an overview of state of the art QSM solution strategies.
Effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals in Qazvin

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias that occurs 1: 100. Long duration of treatment needs continuous education and follow up that can be achieved by modern nursing techniques such as telenursing.  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of telenursing on quality of life of patients with atrial fibrillation.  This quasi experimental study was conducted in 100 Patients with atrial fibrillation referred to the teaching hospitals affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2014. The patients were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (intervention and control) In the intervention group, phone calls were made to follow up and to educate patients for 12 weeks. Quality of life was measured before and after the intervention using the SF 36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired T test, Chi square test, and T test.  In the intervention group, the mean quality of life score was significantly increased from 64.88+ 10.8 before the intervention to 76.14+ 9.2 after the intervention. In the control group, the mean quality of life score was significantly decreased from 62.6+ 9.7 before the intervention to 60.05+ 6.95 after the intervention.  With regards to the results, it seems that telenursing can increase the patients' quality of life and can provide better nursing care.
Open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the modern era: results from a 20 year single centre experience.
Venue: European journal of cardio thoracic surgery official journal of the European Association for Cardio thoracic Surgery

The efficacy and durability of actual treatments (open, endovascular and hybrid) for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair are not yet completely defined. Open surgical repair using a multi adjunct (ADJ) approach has been the standard of care for many years and may still be an effective treatment option. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of open TAAA repair since the introduction of the available ADJ.  From 1994 to 2014, 542 consecutive patients underwent open TAAA repair in our institution, routinely receiving aortic distal perfusion and the other ADJ (either for visceral and spinal cord protection) The aetiology of TAAA was identified to be degenerative in 325 (60% patients and chronic post dissection in 160 (29.5% patients. Other causes such as connective tissue disorders, vasculitis and infective aneurysms were less represented (10.5% Extensive type I and II repair was required in 128 (23.6% and 285 (52.6% patients, respectively. All patients were followed up at 3 and 6 months after surgery and yearly thereafter using computed tomography angiogram.  The overall 30 day mortality and paraplegia rates were 8.5 and 4.2% respectively. Age [odds ratio (OR) 1.07 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 1.13] female gender (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.27 4.99) urgency (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.12 6.20) and emergency (OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.00 11.50) emerged as independent risk factors for 30 day mortality. Follow up was 100% complete (mean 6.32 years) Overall 1 5 and 10 year survival was 85.9 1.5, 74.2 2.0 and 61.6 2.5% respectively. The extent of surgical repair did not significantly influence late hospital death (P 0.56) For patients surviving the first 30 days, a degenerative aneurysm aetiology negatively impaired long term survival compared with the other diseases [hazard ratio 1.66; 95% CI (1.13 2.44) Five and 10 year freedom from reoperation was 86.3 1.8 and 80.7 2.3% respectively, and 8.5% of patients required aortic reinterventions.  In elective cases, open TAAA repair has to be considered an effective option associated with low necessity of reoperation at follow up. The extent of aortic resection did not affect long term mortality. Conversely, survival was mainly determined by patient age and preoperative condition.
Abstract Algebra for Algebra Teaching: Influencing School Mathematics Instruction

This article explores the potential for aspects of abstract algebra to be influential for the teaching of school algebra (and early algebra) Using national standards for analysis, four primary areas common in school mathematics and their progression across elementary, middle, and secondary mathematics where teaching may be transformed by teachers' knowledge of abstract algebra are developed. In each of the four content areas (arithmetic properties, inverses, structure of sets, and solving equations) descriptions and examples of the transformational influence on teaching these topics are used to depict and support ways that study of more advanced mathematics can influence teachers' practice. Implications for the mathematical preparation and professional development of teachers are considered.ResumeCet article se penche sur l'influence potentielle de certains aspects de l'algebre abstraite sur l'enseignement de l'algebre scolaire (et l'algebre elementaire) En utilisant les normes nationales d'analyse, on developpe quatre domaines primaires communs dans les mathematiques scolaires, ainsi que leur evolution au travers des classes de mathematiques elementaires, intermediaires et secondaires, lorsque l'enseignement peut etre modifie par les connaissances de l'enseignant en algebre abstraite. Dans chacun des quatre domaines (proprietes arithmetiques, inverses, structure des ensembles et resolution d'equations) des descriptions et des exemples de l'influence transformationnelle sur l'enseignement de ces sujets sont utilises pour decrire et soutenir l'idee que l'etude de mathematiques plus avancees peut influencer la pratique de l'enseignant. Les consequences pour la preparation mathematique et le perfectionnement professionnel des enseignants sont examinees.
Can Math Education Research Improve the Teaching of Abstract Algebra

For permission to reprint this article, please contact: reprint permission@ams.org.  Teaching matters. It is arguably the most important factor affecting student learning. Efforts to improve teaching have led to reform initiatives being proposed and tested throughout the college mathematics curriculum. Abstract algebra specifically has been the subject of such reform, including new curricula and pedagogies, since at least the 1960s, yet there is little evidence that these change initiatives have widely influenced the way abstract algebra is taught. We conducted a survey of abstract algebra instructors to investigate typical teaching practices and, more specifically, faculty knowledge, goals, and orientation towards teaching and learning. Results revealed that a majority of respondents appear quite content to lecture. Even among those who indicated a willingness to consider a change of pedagogical strategy, there is very little usage of existing reform materials or interaction with pedagogical research results. There appears to be an impermeable barrier between the pedagogical researchers' findings and recommendations and practitioners who might implement them.
An approach to identifying cryptographic algorithm from ciphertext
Venue: 2016 8th IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN)

Cryptographic algorithm plays a significant role in a cryptosystem, which protects those sensitive and private data from been obtained by some malicious attackers. Actually, the details about the cryptographic algorithm applied in a cryptosystem are often unknown to one cryptanalyst. When a cryptanalyst works on cryptanalysis, he will have much trouble if he doesn't know anything about the used cryptographic algorithm. In this paper, we introduce an approach to identifying the cryptographic algorithm with no other information but ciphertext. Firstly, we present the whole implementation architecture of our identification system. Then we apply our identification system in identifying 5 common block ciphers, namely AES, Blowfish, 3DES, RC5 and DES. Through analyzing the experiment results, we conclude that the identification rate can obtain around 90% if keys are the same for training and testing ciphertexts. When we use different keys for training and testing ciphertexts, we can still identify AES from anyone of the other 4 cryptographic algorithms with a high identification rate in one to one identification.
MEASURING THE LEVEL OF ONLINE FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE IN THE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL COUNTRIES

Online Financial Disclosure (OFD) is considered as one of the many outputs of advanced technology. The application of Online Financial Disclosure in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries differs from one company to the other due to its voluntary nature and the lack of appropriate regulations. Therefore, this study aims to measure the level of Online Financial Disclosure in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries. Extensive literature review was carried out and a checklist of 90 items (71 for content and 19 for presentation) was developed to measure the level of Online Financial Disclosure for the companies that are listed in the Gulf Cooperation Council Bourses. The findings show that the overall level of Online Financial Disclosure in the Gulf Cooperation Council is 77% but it is varies across the sampled firms according to countries and industry type. The study recommends that regulatory bodies should develop a guideline for disclosing information through the internet in order to enhance the corporate transparency level among the Gulf Cooperation Council listed companies.
Opening Public Officials' Coffers: A Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Financial Disclosure Regulation on National Corruption Levels

Disclosure of income, assets and conflicts of interest can serve as powerful public accountability tools to draw attention to the abuse of public office, help prosecute corrupt offenders and create a culture of scrutiny in the public sector that deters corruption. Based on data of the World Bank's Public Accountability Mechanisms initiative, we present the first indicator that captures a country's financial disclosure in law effort. By employing different panel data model specifications, we use this indicator to measure how the introduction of comprehensive financial disclosure systems impacted national corruption levels for 91 countries between 1996 and 2012. We present robust results that provide tentative evidence for a positive and significant relationship between a country's capacity to control for corruption and the expansion of financial disclosure legislation for the years following the enactment.
PERANAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR PADA PERAWAT

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan komitmen organisasi terhadap OCB pada Perawat Rumah Sakit Ratu Zalecha Martapura. Sampel penelitian merupakan perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Martapura yang berjumlah 49 orang, dipilih menggunakan teknik random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa skala, yaitu skala komitmen organisasi dan skala OCB. Penelitian ini menggunanakan metode uji analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum komitmen organisasi berpengaruh terhadap OCB yaitu sebesar 17,8% terhadap tinggi atau rendahnya tingkat OCB, sehingga tinggi atau rendahnya komitmen organisasi akan mempengaruhi tinggi atau rendahnya OCB perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ratu Zalecha. Kata kunci Komitmen Organisasi, Organizational Citizenhship Behavior This study aims to determine the role of organizational commitment towards OCB in nurses of Ratu Zalecha General Hospital Martapura. The samples of the study were 49 nurses of Ratu Zalecha General Hospital Martapura, selected using random sampling techniques. Data were collected using organizational commitment scale and organizational citizenship behavior scale. The analysis of data using simple linear regression analysis test the result showed in general, organizational commitment affected OCB by 17.8% for the high or low levels of OCB, that the high or low levels of organizational commitment would affect the high or low levels of organizational citizenship behavior in nurses of Ratu Zalecha General Hospital.  Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Community Models of Care: A Scoping Review.
Venue: Journal of gerontological nursing

Nurse preparation and role in community models of care for older adults is not well documented. The purpose of the current structured scoping literature review was to identify nurse led or nurse involved community models of care for older adults, articulate the nurse's role and preparation in the model, and identify Triple  Literature from 2008 through 2014 yielded 34 models identified in 51 articles. Twenty one of 34 models were evaluated and none clearly articulated the full impact of a nurse role. Policy implications include: (a) consensus on degree preparation for nurses working in communities with older adults; (b) clearly defined nurse sensitive measurements that capture the role of nursing in ambulatory and community care; (c) nonrestrictive scopes of practice for gerontological nurses and adult gerontological nurse practitioners to extend their role beyond clinic settings; and (d) extending beyond value based payment, which currently is largely physician awarded, and including additional Medicare and Medicaid policy to support nurses, community level practice, and reimbursement.
Tree based coverage hole detection and healing method in wireless sensor networks
Venue: Comput. Networks

In wireless sensor networks, coverage is a fundamental issue affecting the quality of service. A coverage hole may appear anywhere in the area being monitored at any time because of many reasons. Thus, hole detection and healing have become major challenges towards achieving perfect coverage. This study provides a novel algorithm using trees and graph theory to detect and describe the existing holes in the region of interest. Simulation results show that the tree based method can indicate the location, size, and shape of coverage holes accurately. Based on the results for hole detection, a tree based healing method is also proposed. The method is divided into two phases, namely, hole dissection and optimal patch position determination. Results obtained from the experimental evaluation reveal that the proposed healing method can increase the coverage rate with only a few additional sensors compared to other related methods.
Intrinsic decay rates for the energy of a nonlinear viscoelastic equation modeling the vibrations of thin rods with variable density

We consider the long time behavior of a nonlinear PDE with a memory term which can be recast in the abstract form d d t r u t A u t t g A th u t A u 0 t g s A u t s 0 \frac{d}{dt}\rho(u_{t}+Au_{tt}\gamma A^\theta}u_{t}+Au \int_{0}{t}g(s)Au(t% s)=0, where A is a self adjoint, positive definite operator acting on a Hilbert space H, r s \rho(s) is a continuous, monotone increasing function, and the relaxation kernel g s {g(s) is a continuous, decreasing function in L 1 R {L_{1}\mathbb{R}_{ with g 0 0 {g(0)>0} Of particular interest is the case when A D {A= \Delta} with appropriate boundary conditions and r s s r s \rho(s)|s|\rho}s} This model arises in the context of solid mechanics accounting for variable density of the material. While finite energy solutions of the underlying PDE solutions exhibit exponential decay rates when strong damping is active g 0 th 1 \gamma>0,\theta=1} this uniform decay is no longer valid (by spectral analysis arguments) for dynamics subjected to frictional damping only, say, th 0 \theta=0} and g 0 {g=0} In the absence of mechanical damping g 0 \gamma=0} the linearized version of the model reduces to a Volterra equation generated by bounded generators and, hence, it is exponentially stable for exponentially decaying kernels. The aim of the paper is to study intrinsic decays for the energy of the nonlinear model accounting for large classes of relaxation kernels described by the inequality g H g 0 {g^\prime}+H(g)\leq 0} with H convex and subject to the assumptions specified in (1.13) (a general framework introduced first in  in the context of linear second order evolution equations with memory) In the context of frictional damping, such a framework was introduced earlier in  where it was shown that the decay rates of second order evolution equations with frictional damping can be described by solutions of an ODE driven by a suitable convex function H which captures the behavior at the origin of the dissipation. The present paper extends this analysis to nonlinear equations with viscoelasticity. It is shown that the decay rates of the energy are intrinsically described by the solution of the dissipative ODE S t c 1 H c 2 S 0 {S_{t}+c_{1}H(c_{2}S)=0} with given intrinsic constants c 1 c 2 0 {c_{1},c_{2}>0} The results obtained are sharp and they improve (by introducing a novel methodology) previous results in the literature (see [20, 19, 21, 6] with respect to (i) the criticality of the nonlinear exponent r and (ii) the generality of the relaxation kernel.