nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi objective discrete cuckoo search algorithm with local search for community detection in complex networks

Detecting community is a challenging task in analyzing networks. Solving community detection problem by evolutionary algorithm is a heated topic in recent years. In this paper, a multi objective discrete cuckoo search algorithm with local search (MDCL) for community detection is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, it is first time to apply cuckoo search algorithm for community detection. Two objective functions termed as negative ratio association and ratio cut are to be minimized. These two functions can break through the modularity limitation. In the proposed algorithm, the nest location updating strategy and abandon operator of cuckoo are redefined in discrete form. A local search strategy and a clone operator are proposed to obtain the optimal initial population. The experimental results on synthetic and real world networks show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than other algorithms and can discover the higher quality community structure without prior information.
An Analysis of Positive and Negative Politeness Strategiesin John Green's Novel "The Fault in Our Stars"

The result of descriptive analysis showed two functions of positive politeness strategies such as to indicate some respects and to minimize the potential threat of face threatening act and two functions of negative politeness such as to respect and to minimize the particular imposition. Therefore, the researcher concluded that positive politeness strategies more dominant employed than negative politeness strategies in the novel and the main function is to minimize the potential threat of face threatening act.
A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REFUSALS IN RICHARD LINKLATER'S BOYHOOD

This research aims to identify and describe the kinds of positive and negative politeness strategies of refusals employed in Boyhood and the factor of choosing a certain type of politeness strategy in Boyhood. This research employed the descriptive qualitative method. The data were in the form of utterances which contain refusals. The data source was Boyhood movie and its script. There were two instruments of this research: the researcher and the data sheet. The data were collected by doing several steps: watching the movie, checking the accuracy of the dialogue in the movie and the transcript, writing down the refusals delivered by the characters, and recording the data into the data sheet. To ensure the data, a triangulation technique was applied. There are two results of this study. The first result is that both of positive and negative politeness strategies are employed by the characters. There are eight sub strategies of positive politeness that are being applied by the characters: intensifying interest to the hearer, using in group identity markers, avoiding disagreement, joking, being optimistic that the hearer wants what the speaker wants, including both speaker and hearer in the activity, giving or asking for reasons, and giving gifts to hearer. Negative politeness strategy is realized by questioning and hedging, minimizing the imposition, apologizing, and stating the face threatening act as a general rule. The second result is that all characters in Boyhood consider payoff to be one of the basic factors influencing their choice of performing a certain strategy. The second factor is relevant circumstances which consist of three elements: social distance, relative power, and rank of imposition. This research reveals that positive politeness strategy is employed when the social distance between the speaker and the hearer is close, the relative power between the participants is insignificant, and the rank of imposition is relative small. On the other hand, negative politeness strategy is applied when the rank of imposition is high and the participants have a big difference in terms of social distance and relative power. Keyword: pragmatic, positive politeness strategy, negative politeness strategy, refusal, Boyhood
The Clinical Application of Applied Behavior Analysis in a Child With Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

The current case study describes the longitudinal assessment of a young child diagnosed with Partial Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. The patient participated in an applied behavior analysis (ABA) based Verbal Behavior treatment program to target communication impairments and functional skill deficits. Because ABA based interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving levels of functioning across various developmental disabilities, it was reasonable to assess the clinical utility of these same strategies when applied to a patient presenting with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and associated developmental delays. The current study relied on quasi experimental single subject design methods to measure treatment outcomes and to inform clinical decision making. Dependent measures in the study included standardized, norm referenced assessments of cognitive and adaptive functioning, as well as behavioral data collected throughout treatment to measure gains across skill areas. Outcomes included rapid skill acquisition across several areas of functioning (e.g. expressive and receptive language, visual performance, and adaptive emotional/behavioral functioning) The impact of treatment on global areas of functioning will be reported.
Equality of Opportunity in Supervised Learning
Venue: NIPS

We propose a criterion for discrimination against a specified sensitive attribute in supervised learning, where the goal is to predict some target based on available features. Assuming data about the predictor, target, and membership in the protected group are available, we show how to optimally adjust any learned predictor so as to remove discrimination according to our definition. Our framework also improves incentives by shifting the cost of poor classification from disadvantaged groups to the decision maker, who can respond by improving the classification accuracy. We enourage readers to consult the more complete manuscript on the arXiv.
Codeswitching language identification using Subword Information Enriched Word Vectors
Venue: CodeSwitch@EMNLP

Codeswitching is a widely observed phenomenon among bilingual speakers. By combining subword information enriched word vectors with linear chain Conditional Random Field, we develop a supervised machine learning model that identifies languages in a English Spanish codeswitched tweets. Our computational method achieves a tweet level weighted F1 of 0.83 and a token level accuracy of 0.949 without using any external resource. The result demonstrates that named entity recognition remains a challenge in codeswitched texts and warrants further work.
Potential biomass supply for agro pellet production from agricultural crop residue in Nepal

Nepal, a country rich in biomass, still does not have any commercial pellet production plants and is wasting large amounts of agricultural crop residue. The current study showed that about 5.61 million tonnes (Mt) of biomass in the form of pellets are potentially available from agricultural crop residues. The brick and cement industries could use these agro pellets. Co firing of pellets in such industries could play an important role in reducing the import volume of coal and minimize the related environmental loadings.
Batch Public Key Cryptosystem with batch multi exponentiation
Venue: Future Gener. Comput. Syst.

A Public Key Cryptosystem (PKC) is a fundamental tool to protect data security. Most PKC schemes involve complicated operations, e.g. modular exponentiations, which are expensive for cloud environment where enormous data are collected from capability limited devices, e.g. wireless sensors, mobile phones and tablets. To address this problem, this paper investigate how to reduce the laborious computations of a large number of exponentiations in public key encryption and decryption systems. Firstly, we propose algorithms to speed up batch multi exponentiation in different configurations. Our algorithms improve the existing multi exponentiation and batch single base exponentiations by allowing a large number of multi base exponentiations to be processed in batch. Secondly, we build a batch PKC scheme from the famous Cramer Shoup cryptosystem by allowing batch encryption and batch decryption. For batch encryption, we exploit our proposed batch multi exponentiation approach so that multiple messages can be encrypted in batch to reduce the computation overhead; and for batch decryption, we further incorporate techniques derived from batch signature verification so that the received ciphertexts can be decrypted in batch. We conduct thorough theoretical and experimental performance analysis of the proposed batch cryptosystem. The analyses show that the batch multi exponentiation algorithms greatly accelerate calculation speed of the Cramer Shoup system, compared with the naive implementations with existing multi exponentiation approaches, by more than 40% in encryption and 80% in decryption. We also provide optimal batch size configurations in the case that some ciphertexts are erroneous. This work will help make PKC towards practical applications in the cloud environment. We propose a Basic Batch Multi exponentiation algorithm and a Simultaneous Batch Multi exponentiation algorithm.We propose batch public key encryption and decryption.We conduct extensive experiments on the proposal.
Accelerating Oblivious Transfer with Batch Multi exponentiation
Venue: ACISP

More and more people use smart end devices to retrieve digital items and purchase on the Internet. Oblivious transfer OT is a fundamental tool to protect user privacy in such applications. Most existing works devote to improving the communication performance of OT protocols; few work has been done to improve the computation efficiency. Modular exponentiation is the most frequent operation in OT protocols. It is known that the computation cost of any OT protocol must be linear with the database size; speeding up the exponentiations is critical for OT protocols to be deployed in practice. To this end, we investigate batch multi exponentiation algorithms and propose two new algorithms. Then we apply our batch multi exponentiation algorithms to acceleration of OT protocols. Our approach is especially useful for the k out n OT. We also exploit the algorithm to speed up simultaneous execution of 1 out n OT protocols which we called batch OT. We conduct a series of experiments and the experimental results show that our approach is effective and can significantly accelerate OT protocols.
Redefining the Indian Public Sphere:A Study of the LGBT Rights Movement in India

New media networks have led to a personalization of the political sphere as affordances provided by the virtual space give precedence to the significance of the 'self over the 'masses' Through this paper an attempt has been made to understand how the LGBT community uses new media technologies to transcend the boundaries of the traditional public sphere in order to create a realm of self identification in the virtual world. The study focuses on a group of Indian citizens who identify themselves as members of the LGBT community, who are digitally active and have participated in activities to mobilize public opinion in favor of the legalization of their sexual preferences. The study delineates how the LGBT community translates online discursive practices into offline civic engagement activities through the process of community formation, mobilization, setting up agenda for collective actions and creation of a realm for expression by the marginalized other.
Case Comment on National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India Others (Air 2014 SC 1863) A Ray of Hope for the LGBT Community

The lives of human beings are full of complexities, but LGBT face much more trauma compared to other people. What is necessary is to understand the sentiments of the LGBT community and also to grant them common human rights. But the world lowers its eyes and refuses a discussion over the granting of basic human rights to the LGBT community. And it is so sad to see that such discrimination exists even in the 21st century. Indian law, on the whole, only recognizes the paradigm of the binary genders of male and female, based on a person's sex assigned at birth, which permits a gender system, including the laws relating to marriage, adoption, inheritance, succession and taxation, and welfare legislation. The most pertinent question with respect to the LGBT community is whether LGBT are to be discriminated against by other human beings. Merely being different does not give others the authority to ostracize one from society. In fact, in July 2009 the Delhi High Court ruled that consensual same sex relations between adults in private could not be criminalized. Then in a recent judgment, the Supreme Court of India expressed its concerns over the mental trauma, emotional agony and pain of the members of the transgender community: all forms of mental suffering of the LGBT community, as well as ignorance and isolation of the community, were brought to an end by the Court's decision in National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India Others.
Water induced structural changes in poly(lactic acid) and PLLA clay nanocomposites

The influence of nanoclays on the structural changes of hydrated poly(l lactic acid) (PLLA) was investigated at two temperatures, above and below its Tg. Samples of a commercial PLLA and nanocomposites with 2 wt% of an organically modified montmorillonite and an unmodified halloysite were kept in a phosphate buffered solution for different times at 37 and 58 degC and then characterized. The crystallinity degrees and the nature of the crystalline structures developed were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, X Ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. While in the cold crystallization of PLLA in dry conditions the a form is obtained only above 100 degC, different mixtures of a and a' forms were obtained in water at 58 degC, depending on the clay used. The hydrolytic degradation of PLLA played a main role in the structural transformations found at long immersion times, since the short chains formed allowed greater crystallinity degrees and leaded to more perfect crystals. PLLA structure is changed by clays because of its ability as nucleating agents but also due to its effect on the hydrolytic degradation. The unmodified tubular halloysite inhibited degradation, so that lower degrees of crystallinity were obtained in the halloysite based nanocomposite. On the other hand, the modified montmorillonite acted as catalyst of degradation, which explained the appearance of crystalline structures in the nanocomposite with montmorillonite after 84 days of immersion at 37 degC.
Stabilization of catechol boronic ester bonds for underwater self healing and recycling of lipophilic bulk polymer in wider pH range

To develop a lipophilic bulk polymer capable of self healing and recycling for future structural applications in different aquatic environments, hyperbranched polyurethane containing a few hydrophilic quaternary ammonium salts and abundant dynamic reversible catechol B3+ crosslinkages is synthesized as our first step in this direction. The compositional and structural design ensures dynamicity of the polymer networks as well as effective interdiffusion and interaction of dangling chains on the damaged surface in water. More importantly, the boronic ester bonds become not easily hydrolyzed at lower pH due to the electron attracting effect of quaternary ammonium cations from catechol B3+ bonds. Qualitative visual inspection and quantitative tensile tests demonstrate that the proposed idea works, and the target polymer is allowed to be self healed and reprocessed in waters at pH 7 and 9 at room temperature. Reshuffling and rearrangement of the polymer networks via dynamic reversible coordination of catechol B3+ bonds helps to re bond the interface. The technical route provides an effective solution to stabilizing catechol B3+ bonds at lower pH, and obviously reduces the pH sensitivity of boronic ester bonds, which is the objective of the current work. As a result, the adaptivity and serviceable range of the underwater intrinsic self healing polymer are expanded.
Social Security Rights under Decision No 3/80 of the EEC Turkey Association Council: Developments in the EU and in the Netherlands

This article deals with the recent developments of Decision No 3/80 of the EEC Turkey Association Council in the EU and in the Netherlands. Decision No 3/80 established social security measures for workers of Turkish nationality moving within the Community (now Union) and members of their family living with them. Decision No 3/80 has mainly had an impact in two Member States: the Netherlands and Germany. In this article I will limit myself to the Netherlands, where the social security system has become much more territorially based since the year 2000. The importance attached to residence in the design of the Dutch social security system showcases the revitalisation of nationstate approaches to the delivery of welfare at a time when EU rules are interfering more and more in the everyday life of EU citizens. The second part of this article analyses the discussion raised by the Akdas judgment of the EC] which gave Turkish nationals more rights than EU nationals, and the Demirci judgment, which reversed this advantage for Turkish workers with dual nationality. It also deals with the 2012 initiative of the European Union in replacing Decision No 3/80 by a new Association Council Decision and the legal and political challenges of this new initiative.
V Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation
Venue: 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been recently employed to solve problems from both the computer vision and medical image analysis fields. Despite their popularity, most approaches are only able to process 2D images while most medical data used in clinical practice consists of 3D volumes. In this work we propose an approach to 3D image segmentation based on a volumetric, fully convolutional, neural network. Our CNN is trained end to end on MRI volumes depicting prostate, and learns to predict segmentation for the whole volume at once. We introduce a novel objective function, that we optimise during training, based on Dice coefficient. In this way we can deal with situations where there is a strong imbalance between the number of foreground and background voxels. To cope with the limited number of annotated volumes available for training, we augment the data applying random non linear transformations and histogram matching. We show in our experimental evaluation that our approach achieves good performances on challenging test data while requiring only a fraction of the processing time needed by other previous methods.
Framework of sensor based monitoring for pervasive patient care.
Venue: Healthcare technology letters

Sensor based health systems can often become difficult to use, extend and sustain. The authors propose a framework for designing sensor based health monitoring systems aiming to provide extensible and usable monitoring services in the scope of pervasive patient care. The authors' approach relies on a distributed system for monitoring the patient health status anytime anywhere and detecting potential health complications, for which healthcare professionals and patients are notified accordingly. Portable or wearable sensing devices measure the patient's physiological parameters, a smart mobile device collects and analyses the sensor data, a Medical Center system receives notifications on the detected health condition, and a Health Professional Platform is used by formal caregivers in order to review the patient condition and configure monitoring schemas. A Service oriented architecture is utilised to provide extensible functional components and interoperable interactions among the diversified system components. The framework was applied within the REMOTE ambient assisted living project in which a prototype system was developed, utilising Bluetooth to communicate with the sensors and Web services for data exchange. A scenario of using the REMOTE system and preliminary usability results show the applicability, usefulness and virtue of our approach.
Learner Autonomy: A Western Hegemony in English Language Teaching to Enhance Students' Learning for Non Western Cultural Context

The paper is concerned about the concept of learner autonomy as a western hegemony in English language teaching to enhance students' learning for non Western cultural context. The concept of learner autonomy was developed in the Western countries creating independent and autonomous culture for learners to prepare them; learning to learn, however for it got its continuation as an innovative method to the non Western countries of dependent culture where parents set up the cultural values and norms for children. Such practice of framing the norms for children is regarded against the cultural assumption of learner autonomy which is considered as Western hegemony for non Western cultural context. Based on the literature and empirical evidences, the paper argues how learner autonomy as a Western hegemony in English language teaching enhances students' learning in diverse cultural contexts of non Western countries. With the conceptual, theoretical and practical understanding, the paper explores how learner autonomy as a Western hegemony in English language teaching enhances students' learning for non Western cultural context.  21, No. 1 2 2016,
On Time Series Topological Data Analysis: New Data and Opportunities
Venue: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

This work introduces a new dataset and framework for the exploration of topological data analysis (TDA) techniques applied to time series data. We examine the end toend TDA processing pipeline for persistent homology applied to time delay embeddings of time series embeddings that capture the underlying system dynamics from which time series data is acquired. In particular, we consider stability with respect to time series length, the approximation accuracy of sparse filtration methods, and the discriminating ability of persistence diagrams as a feature for learning. We explore these properties across a wide range of time series datasets spanning multiple domains for single source multi segment signals as well as multi source single segment signals. Our analysis and dataset captures the entire TDA processing pipeline and includes time delay embeddings, persistence diagrams, topological distance measures, as well as kernels for similarity learning and classification tasks for a broad set of time series data sources. We outline the TDA framework and rationale behind the dataset and provide insights into the role of TDA for time series analysis as well as opportunities for new work.