nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Realist complex intervention science: Applying realist principles across all phases of the Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions
Venue: Evaluation

The integration of realist evaluation principles within randomised controlled trials 'realist RCTs' enables evaluations of complex interventions to answer questions about what works, for whom and under what circumstances. This allows evaluators to better develop and refine mid level programme theories. However, this is only one phase in the process of developing and evaluating complex interventions. We describe and exemplify how social scientists can integrate realist principles across all phases of the Medical Research Council framework. Intervention development, modelling, and feasibility and pilot studies need to theorise the contextual conditions necessary for intervention mechanisms to be activated. Where interventions are scaled up and translated into routine practice, realist principles also have much to offer in facilitating knowledge about longer term sustainability, benefits and harms. Integrating a realist approach across all phases of complex intervention science is vital for considering the feasibility and likely effects of interventions for different localities and population subgroups.
Construction of a Hierarchical NiCo2S4@PPy Core Shell Heterostructure Nanotube Array on Ni Foam for a High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

In this paper, a hierarchical NiCo2S4@polypyrrole core shell heterostructure nanotube array on Ni foam (NiCo2S4@PPy/NF) was successfully developed as a bind free electrode for supercapacitors. NiCo2S4@PPy 50/NF obtained under 50 s PPy electrodeposition shows a low charge transfer resistance (0.31 O) and a high area specific capacitance of 9.781 F/cm(2) at a current density of 5 mA/cm(2) which is two times higher than that of pristine NiCo2S4/NF (4.255 F/cm(2) Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled using NiCo2S4@PPy 50/NF as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode. The resulting NiCo2S4@PPy 50/NF//AC device exhibits a high energy density of 34.62 Wh/kg at a power density of 120.19 W/kg with good cycling performance (80.64% of the initial capacitance retention at 50 mA/cm(2) over 2500 cycles) The superior electrochemical performance can be attributed to the combined contribution of both component and unique core shell heterostructure. The results demonstrate that the NiCo2S4@PPy 50 core shell heterostructure nanotube array is promising as electrode material for supercapacitors in energy storage.
Supercapacitors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofibers Supported Ni(OH)2 Nanoplates with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Pseudocapacitive materials are critical to the development of supercapacitors but usually suffer from poor conductivity and bad cycling property. Here, we describe the production of novel graphene oxide nanofibers (GONFs) via a partial oxidization and exfoliation method and concurrently report that highly crystallized Ni(OH)2 nanoplates uniformly grow on reduced GONFs' outer graphene nanosheets through the hydrothermal method. Because of their unique structure with high electric conductivity, the rGONF/Ni(OH)2 composite exhibits superior specific capacitance (SC) favorable rate capability and enhanced cycling stability relative to other composites or hybrids, e.g. 1433 F g( 1) at 5 mV s( 1) scan rate, 986 F g( 1) at 40 mV s( 1) and 90.5% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles, and as fabricated rGONF/Ni(OH)2//active carbon asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) exhibits a remarkable energy density and a 85.3% high retention (44.1 Wh kg( 1) at 467 W kg( 1) and 37.6 Wh kg( 1) at 3185 W kg( 1) with a wide potential window of 0 1.7 V. Therefore, this study shows that rGONFs offers an exciting opportunity as substrate materials for supercapacior applications and opens up a new pathway for design and manufacture of novel supercapacitor electrode materials.
Assembly of NiO/Ni(OH)2/PEDOT Nanocomposites on Contra Wires for Fiber Shaped Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors.
Venue: ACS applied materials interfaces

Fiber shaped solid state supercapacitors have aroused much interest in the fields of portable devices because of their attractive features such as high flexibility and safety, tiny volume, and high power density. In this work, NiO/Ni(OH)2 nanoflowers encapsulated in three dimensional interconnected poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been fabricated on contra wires through a mild electrochemical route. The as formed hybrid electrode made of NiO/Ni(OH)2/PEDOT delivered a high specific capacitance of 404.1 mF cm( 2) (or 80.8 F cm( 3) at a current density of 4 mA cm( 2) and a long cycle life with 82.2% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, a fiber shaped flexible all solid state asymmetric supercapacitor based on the resulting hybrid electrode was assembled. The energy density of 0.011 mWh cm( 2) at a power density of 0.33 mW cm( 2) was achieved under an operating voltage window of 1.45 V. This work provides an effective strategy to fabricate high performance electrodes for fiber shaped flexible asymmetric supercapacitors through a facile and low cost route.
Attitudes of Undergraduates towards Grammar Translation Method and Communicative Language Teaching in EFL Context: A Case Study of SBK Women's University Quetta, Pakistan

CLT and GTM have been popular and much practiced methodologies in classrooms worldwide in teaching English language. The purpose of the current research is to examine students' attitude towards Grammar Translation Method and CLT in Pakistan at graduate level. The data for the current study was collected through questionnaire from undergraduate students of Baluchistan, Pakistan. The questionnaire was adapted from the studies of Palacios (2006) and McClintock (2011) Theoretical framework of Richard and Rodger (2001) was used as a guide for the study. However the data was analyzed quantitatively in SPSS. The overall results show that the students had a positive attitude towards GTM and their attitude was less favorable towards CLT.  CLT, GTM, Attitudes
Heat exchanger network design with multi stream exchangers using stage wise superstructure

Nowadays, most of heat exchanger network (HEN) publications are focused on conventional two stream heat exchangers in HEN. Multi stream heat exchangers (MHEX) referred as another type of exchanger which provides many advantages over conventional two stream heat exchanger such as substantial saving on both capital cost and volume. Conceptually, MHEX could replace whole HEN. In this work, the overall methodology of multi stream plate fin heat exchanger type is divided into three design phases. For the first phase, the HEN synthesis by stage wise superstructure done by Yee et al. (1990) is used to minimize overall hot and cold utilities. In the second phase, the composite curves are generated based on enthalpy intervals from pinch analysis which subdivide the MHEX into block sections and help specify the stream population in each section. In the last phase, the conceptual design model of multi stream plate fin heat exchanger is proposed with calculation of pressure drop and exchanger volume in each section. The continuous variables of basic fin geometries for all fin types based on the work published by different researchers and thermal hydraulic model are optimized simultaneously by minimizing the MHEX volume in each section.
Different characteristics of circular staplers make the difference in anastomotic tensile strength.
Venue: Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials

Anastomotic leak after gastrointestinal surgery is a severe complication associated with relevant short and long term sequelae. Most of the anastomoses are currently performed with a surgical stapler that is required to have appropriate characteristics in order to guarantee good performances. The aim of our study was to evaluate, ex vivo, pressure resistance and tensile strength of anastomosis performed with different circular staplers available in the market. We studied 7 circular staplers of 3 different companies, 3 of them used for gastrointestinal anastomosis and 4 staplers for hemorrhoidal prolapse excision. A total of 350 anastomoses, 50 for each of the 7 staplers, were performed using healthy pig fresh intestine, then injected saline solution and recorded the leaking pressure. There were no statistically significant differences between the mean pressure necessary to induce an anastomotic leak in the various instruments (p>0.05) For studying tensile strength, we performed a total of 350 anastomoses with 7 different circular staplers on a special strong paper (Tyvek) and then recorded the maximal tensile force that could open the anastomosis. There were statistically significant differences between one brand stapler vs other 2 companies staplers about the strength necessary to open the staple line (p<0.05) In conclusion, we demonstrated that different circular staplers of three companies available in the market give comparable anastomotic pressure resistance but different tensile strengths. This is probably due to different technical characteristics.
Load frequency control of a multi area power system by optimum designing of frequency based PID controller using seeker optimization algorithm
Venue: 2016 6th Conference on Thermal Power Plants (CTPP)

In this paper, an optimum load frequency control (LFC) of a multi area power system is developed based on a powerful optimization technique called seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) SOA capabilities for solving difficult practical optimization problems has proven and therefore it has gained a massive consideration by researchers. This paper presents a SOA based load frequency controller for elimination of the power system oscillations. A two area power system based on thermal power plants (TPPs) is considered, in which every area is equipped with PID controllers. SOA is used for meeting the optimum parameters of the PID controller, which are acquired by time domain minimization of the objective function. Performance of the proposed controller is compared with genetic algorithm (GA) based PID controller and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based PID controller to indicate the excellence of the proposed algorithm for PID parameters regulation. Simulation results has shown that optimized PID with proposed algorithm has better performance in comparison with previous methods.
Reflective SOA fiber cavity adaptive laser source for measuring dynamic strains
Venue: SPIE Smart Structures and Materials Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring

Smart sensors based on Optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are suitable for structural health monitoring of dynamic strains in civil, aerospace, and mechanical structures. In these structures, dynamic strains with high frequencies reveal acoustic emissions cracking or impact loading. It is necessary to find a practical tool for monitoring such structural damages. In this work, we explore an intelligent system based on a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) FBG composed as a fiber cavity for measuring dynamic strain in intelligent structures. The ASE light emitted from a RSOA laser and reflected by a FBG is amplified in the fiber cavity and coupled out by a 90:10 coupler, which is demodulated by a low frequency compensated Michelson interferometer using a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and is monitored via a photodetector. As the wavelength of the FBG shifts due to dynamic strain, the wavelength of the optical output from the laser cavity shifts accordingly, which is demodulated by the Michelson Interferometer. Because the RSOA has a quick transition time, the RSOA FBG fiber cavity shows an ability of high frequency response to the FBG reflective spectrum shift, with frequency response extending to megahertz.
Autonomy and autonomy disturbances in self development and psychopathology: Research on motivation, attachment, and clinical process

Self determination theory (SDT) maintains that the adequate support and satisfaction of individuals' psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness promotes the gradual unfolding of individuals' integrative tendencies, as manifested through intrinsic motivation, internalization, identity development, and integrative emotion regulation. At the same time, the thwarting of these same psychological needs and the resultant need frustration is presumed to evoke or amplify a variety of psychopathologies, many of which involve autonomy disturbances. We begin by defining what autonomy involves and how socializing agents, particularly parents, can provide a nurturing (i.e. need supportive) environment, and we review research within the SDT literature that has shed light on various integrative tendencies and how caregivers facilitate them. In the second part of this chapter, we detail how many forms of psychopathology involve autonomy disturbances and are associated with a history of psychological need thwarting. We especially focus on internally controlling regulation in internalizing disorders; impairments of internalization in conduct disorders and antisocial behavior; and fragmented self functioning in borderline and dissociative disorders. The role of autonomy support as an ameliorative factor in treatment settings is then discussed among other translational issues. Finally we highlight some implications of recognizing the important role of basic psychological needs for both growth related and pathology related processes.  autonomy; attachment; internalization; parenting; psychological needs; self determination theory
Financial Stress, Coping Strategy, and Academic Achievement of College Students
Venue: Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning

The impact of financial stress on college students can range from psychological distress to adverse academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify how resources and perceptions alter the amount of financial stress felt by college students and how this relates to academic achievement. Results from 2,236 Midwestern college students indicate that financial and life stressors, higher subjective financial knowledge, fewer financial resources, negative perceptions, and lower mastery are associated with higher financial stress. Financial stress was not associated with academic achievement, but financial stressors, objective financial knowledge, and financial resources were highly related to financial stress. Increasing available financial resources to students, in addition to providing opportunities to increase financial knowledge for students, would likely be associated with decreased stress and better academic achievement.
Field Placement and the Impact of Financial Stress on Social Work and Human Service Students

While significant research has been undertaken exploring the pedagogical benefits of undertaking lengthy social work and human services field placements, there has been very little consideration given to the potential financial stress involved for students. This study sought to address this knowledge gap. Research was conducted in 2014 using quantitative and qualitative methods with students and academic and professional staff from six Queensland universities. The findings show a significant relationship between unpaid placements and financial hardship, creating considerable stress for students and at times a compromised placement learning experience. The limited flexibility in requirements from professional bodies and universities for how placements are undertaken has been identified as a key contributor to financial hardship. Addressing the complexities inherent in this issue requires a collaborative effort from multiple stakeholders and should not be regarded as a problem for students to endure and manage.
The Relationship Between Population Growth and Economic Growth in Mexico

The relationship between population growth and economic growth is of great interest both for demographers and for development economists. Considering the case of Mexico, the objective of this study was to analyze the dynamic relationship between population growth and economic growth, through a structural break cointegration analysis for the period 1960 2014. The Gregory Hansen cointegration test confirmed the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship between population and economic growth in Mexico. Based on the results of this test, we used 1985 as the year in which the structural break occurs in the cointegrating equation and therefore we included a dummy variable for this year in the VECM developed in the paper. In the short run, it was found that economic growth has a negative effect on population growth. In the long run, it was found that population has a positive effect on per capita GDP and that per capita GDP positively affects population. Additionally, a Granger causality test indicated that per capita GDP is Granger caused by population and population is Granger caused by per capita GDP, thus revealing the presence of a mutually reinforcing relationship between these two variables. In sum, the results found in this study suggest the existence of a bi directional causality between population growth and economic growth in Mexico.
Age, growth and population structure of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) in northeast Florida using a length based, age structured population model
Venue: PeerJ

The effective management of invasive species requires detailed understanding of the invader's life history. This information is essential for modeling population growth and predicting rates of expansion, quantifying ecological impacts and assessing the efficacy of removal and control strategies. Indo Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans/miles) have rapidly invaded the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea with documented negative impacts on native ecosystems. To better understand the life history of this species, we developed and validated a length based, age structured model to investigate age, growth and population structure in northeast Florida. The main findings of this study were: (1) lionfish exhibited rapid growth with seasonal variation in growth rates; (2) distinct cohorts were clearly identifiable in the length frequency data, suggesting that lionfish are recruiting during a relatively short period in summer; and (3) the majority of lionfish were less than two years old with no lionfish older than three years of age, which may be the result of culling efforts as well as ontogenetic habitat shifts to deeper water.
Pool boiling enhancement through bubble induced convective liquid flow in feeder microchannels

Bubbles departing from the nucleation sites induce a liquid flow from the bulk to the heated surface during pool boiling. Alternating the nucleating regions with non nucleating regions facilitates separate liquid vapor pathways for departing vapor bubbles and returning liquid. We explored an additional enhancement through liquid feeder channels on the heater surface directing the returning liquid towards the nucleating region. The nucleating bubbles were confined to the nucleating region as the returning liquid flow induced strong convective currents over the non nucleating regions. In the best performing configuration, the nucleating regions were 0.5 mm wide, separated by non nucleating regions of width 2.125 mm, which corresponded to the bubble departure diameter. The non nucleating regions contained 0.5 mm wide feeder channels directing liquid towards the nucleating region. High speed images indicated distinct vapor columns over the nucleating regions with liquid channeled through the feeder channels.
The Gsm System For Mobile Communications

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Park characteristics, use, and physical activity: A review of studies using SOPARC (System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities)
Venue: Preventive medicine

The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) can obtain information on park users and their physical activity using momentary time sampling. We conducted a literature review of studies using the SOPARC tool to describe the observational methods of each study, and to extract public park use overall and by demographics and physical activity levels. We searched PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus for full length observational studies published in English in peer reviewed journals through 2014. Twenty four studies from 34 articles were included. The number of parks observed per study ranged from 3 to 50. Most studies observed parks during one season. The number of days parks were observed ranged from 1 to 16, with 16 studies observing 5 or more days. All studies included at least one weekday and all but two included at least one weekend day. Parks were observed from 1 to 14times/day, with most studies observing at least 4 times/day. All studies included both morning and afternoon observations, with one exception. There was a wide range of park users (mean 1.0 to 152.6 people/park/observation period) with typically more males than females visiting parks and older adults less than other age groups. Park user physical activity levels varied greatly across studies, with youths generally more active than adults and younger children more active than adolescents. SOPARC was adapted to numerous settings and these review results can be used to improve future studies using the tool, demonstrate ways to compare park data, and inform park promotions and programming.
Use of Dog Parks and the Contribution to Physical Activity for Their Owners
Venue: Research quarterly for exercise and sport

This study described the use of dog parks in several diverse locations and explored the contribution dog parks made to physical activity of the dog owners.  The Systematic Observation of Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) tool was used to count the number and characteristics of people using parks. Observations were conducted 4 times per day, 4 days per week during for 1 week in 6 urban/suburban parks during different seasons. Collection sites included 3 dog parks in Chapel Hill/Durham, NC; 2 dog parks in Los Angeles, CA; and 1 dog park in Philadelphia, PA. Interviews at the NC and PA parks were conducted among 604 adults.  We counted 2,124 people (11.9% in the dog park area compared with 15,672 people in the remaining park areas. Based on observations, dog park visitors were more likely to be female and White or Other race/ethnicity compared with Hispanics, and were less likely to be children or engaged in walking or vigorous activity. Park interviews revealed that compared with other park activities, reporting walking/watching a dog at the park was more common among those who visited the park more frequently 1 time per week) stayed at the park for a shorter time 1 hr) or visited the park alone.  Although dog parks may be an important destination for dog owners and contribute to physical activity, the contribution of dog parks to participants' moderate to vigorous physical activity was limited.