nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Perinatal exposure to dioxins and dioxin like compounds and infant growth and body mass index at seven years: A pooled analysis of three European birth cohorts.
Venue: Environment international

Dioxins and dioxin like compounds are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Experimental studies suggest perinatal exposure to EDCs results in later obesity. However, the few epidemiological investigations on dioxins are inconclusive. We investigated perinatal exposure to dioxins and dioxin like compounds, infant growth and body mass index (BMI) in childhood.  We pooled data from 3 European birth cohorts (Belgian, Norwegian, Slovak) with exposure assessment in cord blood or breast milk. Two cohorts had dioxin like toxicity assessed using dioxin responsive chemical activated luciferase expression (DR CALUX) bioassay and one cohort had measured concentrations of dioxins, furans and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenols with CALUX relative potency values applied. Growth was cohort and sex specific change in weight for age z score between birth and 24months (N=367) BMI was calculated at around 7years (median 7.17, interquartile range [IQR] 7.00 7.37years, N=251) and overweight defined according to international standards for children equivalent to adult BMI >25kg/m(2) (Cole and Lobstein, 2012) We fitted multivariate models using generalized estimating equations, and tested effect modification by sex, breastfeeding and cohort.   Dioxin exposure was highest in the Belgian and lowest in the Norwegian cohort; median (IQR) of the pooled sample 13 (12.0) pgCALUXTEQ/g lipid. Perinatal exposure to dioxins and dioxin like compounds appeared associated with increased growth between 0 and 24months (adjusted estimate for change in z score: b=0.07, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.14) At 7years, dioxins exposure was associated with a statistically significant increase in BMI in girls (adjusted estimate for BMI units b=0.49, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.91) but not in boys (b= 0.03, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.49) (p interaction=0.044) Furthermore, girls had a 54% 6% 151% increased risk of overweight at 7years (p interaction=0.023)  Perinatal exposure to dioxin and dioxin like compounds was associated with increased early infant growth, and increased BMI in school age girls. Studies in larger sample sizes are required to confirm these sex specific effects.
The Uncommon Channel Based Ln MOFs for Highly Selective Fe3+ Detection and Superior Rhodamine B Adsorption.
Venue: Chemistry

Two new isostructural 3D lanthanide organic frameworks [H2 N(Me)2 [Ln3 (OH)(bpt)3 (H2 O)3 (DMF)2 (H2 O)4 (1 Ln; Ln=Sm and Eu) with a 1D channel (25 A) have been successfully assembled from the rare trinuclear [Ln3 (OH)(COO)9 clusters and biphenyl 3,4',5 tricarboxylic acid (H3 bpt) and exhibit high stability towards water in the pH range 3 10. MOF 1 Eu is a promising luminescent probe for sensing Fe3+ in aqueous solution and is also selective towards rhodamine B (RhB) with a superior adsorption capacity of 735 mg g 1 which is the highest among the reported Ln MOFs for RhB removal so far. Periodic DFT calculations further confirmed the selective adsorption of rhodamine B over other dyes.
Porphyrin Alkaline Earth MOFs with the Highest Adsorption Capacity for Methylene Blue.
Venue: Chemistry

A series of four porphyrin alkaline earth metal organic frameworks [Mg(HDCPP)2 (DMF)2 ]n (H2 O)7 n (1) [Ca(HDCPP)2 (H2 O)2 ]n (DMF)1.5 n (2) [Sr(DCPP)(H2 O)(DMA)]n (3) and [Ba(DCPP)(H2 O)(DMA)]n (4) was isolated for the first time from solvothermal reaction between metal free 5,15 di(4 carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (H2 DCPP) and alkaline earth ions. Single crystal X ray diffraction analysis reveals the 2D and 3D supramolecular network with periodic nanosized porosity for 1/2 and 3/4, respectively. The whole series of MOFs, in particular, compounds 1 and 2 with intrinsic low molecular formula weight, exhibit superior adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) with excellent capture capacity as represented by the thus far highest adsorption amount of 952 mg g( 1) for 2 and good selectivity, opening a new way for the potential application of the main group metal based MOFs.
Unifying Count Based Exploration and Intrinsic Motivation
Venue: NIPS

We consider an agent's uncertainty about its environment and the problem of generalizing this uncertainty across observations. Specifically, we focus on the problem of exploration in non tabular reinforcement learning. Drawing inspiration from the intrinsic motivation literature, we use density models to measure uncertainty, and propose a novel algorithm for deriving a pseudo count from an arbitrary density model. This technique enables us to generalize count based exploration algorithms to the non tabular case. We apply our ideas to Atari 2600 games, providing sensible pseudo counts from raw pixels. We transform these pseudo counts into intrinsic rewards and obtain significantly improved exploration in a number of hard games, including the infamously difficult Montezuma's Revenge.
Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning
Venue: Psychonomic bulletin review

Effective motor performance is important for surviving and thriving, and skilled movement is critical in many activities. Much theorizing over the past few decades has focused on how certain practice conditions affect the processing of task related information to affect learning. Yet, existing theoretical perspectives do not accommodate significant recent lines of evidence demonstrating motivational and attentional effects on performance and learning. These include research on (a) conditions that enhance expectancies for future performance, (b) variables that influence learners' autonomy, and (c) an external focus of attention on the intended movement effect. We propose the OPTIMAL (Optimizing Performance through Intrinsic Motivation and Attention for Learning) theory of motor learning. We suggest that motivational and attentional factors contribute to performance and learning by strengthening the coupling of goals to actions. We provide explanations for the performance and learning advantages of these variables on psychological and neuroscientific grounds. We describe a plausible mechanism for expectancy effects rooted in responses of dopamine to the anticipation of positive experience and temporally associated with skill practice. Learner autonomy acts perhaps largely through an enhanced expectancy pathway. Furthermore, we consider the influence of an external focus for the establishment of efficient functional connections across brain networks that subserve skilled movement. We speculate that enhanced expectancies and an external focus propel performers' cognitive and motor systems in productive "forward" directions and prevent "backsliding" into self and non task focused states. Expected success presumably breeds further success and helps consolidate memories. We discuss practical implications and future research directions.
The software architecture of the camera for the ASTRI SST 2M prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Venue: Astronomical Telescopes Instrumentation

The purpose of this contribution is to present the current status of the software architecture of the ASTRI SST 2M Cherenkov Camera. The ASTRI SST 2M telescope is an end to end prototype for the Small Size Telescope of the Cherenkov Telescope Array. The ASTRI camera is an innovative instrument based on SiPM detectors and has several internal hardware components. In this contribution we will give a brief description of the hardware components of the camera of the ASTRI SST 2M prototype and of their interconnections. Then we will present the outcome of the software architectural design process that we carried out in order to identify the main structural components of the camera software system and the relationships among them. We will analyze the architectural model that describes how the camera software is organized as a set of communicating blocks. Finally, we will show where these blocks are deployed in the hardware components and how they interact. We will describe in some detail, the physical communication ports and external ancillary devices management, the high precision time tag management, the fast data collection and the fast data exchange between different camera subsystems, and the interfacing with the external systems.
Mount control system of the ASTRI SST 2M prototype for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Venue: Astronomical Telescopes Instrumentation

The ASTRI SST 2M telescope is an end to end prototype proposed for the Small Size class of Telescopes (SST) of the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) The prototype is installed in Italy at the INAF observing station located at Serra La Nave on Mount Etna (Sicily) and it was inaugurated in September 2014. This paper presents the software and hardware architecture and development of the system dedicated to the control of the mount, health, safety and monitoring systems of the ASTRI SST 2M telescope prototype. The mount control system installed on the ASTRI SST 2M telescope prototype makes use of standard and widely deployed industrial hardware and software. State of the art of the control and automation industries was selected in order to fulfill the mount related functional and safety requirements with assembly compactness, high reliability, and reduced maintenance. The software package was implemented with the Beckhoff TwinCAT version 3 environment for the software Programmable Logical Controller (PLC) while the control electronics have been chosen in order to maximize the homogeneity and the real time performance of the system. The integration with the high level controller (Telescope Control System) has been carried out by choosing the open platform communications Unified Architecture (UA) protocol, supporting rich data model while offering compatibility with the PLC platform. In this contribution we show how the ASTRI approach for the design and implementation of the mount control system has made the ASTRI SST 2M prototype a standalone intelligent machine, able to fulfill requirements and easy to be integrated in an array configuration such as the future ASTRI mini array proposed to be installed at the southern site of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
A Review of Self Determination Theory's Basic Psychological Needs at Work

Self determination theory (SDT) conceptualizes basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness as innate and essential for ongoing psychological growth, internalization, and well being. We broadly review the literature on basic psychological need satisfaction at work with three more specific aims: to test SDT's requirement that each basic psychological need should uniquely predict psychological growth, internalization, and well being; to test whether use of an overall need satisfaction measure is appropriate; and to test whether the scale used to assess basic psychological needs influenced our results. To this end, we conducted a meta analytic review of 99 studies with 119 distinct samples examining the antecedents and consequences of basic need satisfaction. We conclude with recommendations for addressing issues arising from our review and also identify points for future research, including the study of need frustration and culture, integrating the basic needs with other motivation theories, and a caution regarding the measures and methods used.
Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Agility: Risk, Uncertainty, and Strategy in the Innovation Economy

"Organizational agility" is often treated as an immutable quality, implying that firms need to be in a constant state of transformation. However, this ignores that such transformations, while often essential, come at a cost. They are not always necessary, and may not even be possible. This article explores agility at a more fundamental level and relates it more specifically to dynamic capabilities. It demonstrates that it is first essential to understand deep uncertainty, which is ubiquitous in the innovation economy. Uncertainty is very different from risk, which can be managed using traditional tools and approaches. Strong dynamic capabilities are necessary for fostering the organizational agility necessary to address deep uncertainty, such as that generated by innovation and the associated dynamic competition. This article explores the mechanisms by which managers may calibrate the required level of organizational agility, deliver it cost effectively, and relate it to strategy.
A Survey of Botnet Based DDoS Flooding Attacks of Application Layer: Detection and Mitigation Approaches

A Botnet can be used to launch a cyber attack, such as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, against a target or to conduct a cyber espionage campaign to steal sensitive information. This survey analyzes and compares the most important efforts carried out in an application based detection area and this survey extended to cover the mitigation approaches for the Botnet based DDoS flooding attacks. It accomplishes four tasks: first, an extensive illustration on Internet Security; second, an extensive comparison between representative detection mechanisms; third, the comparison between the mitigation mechanisms against Botnet based DDoS flooding and fourth, the description of the most important problems and highlights in the area. We conclude that the area has achieved great advances so far, but there are still many open problems. A Survey of Botnet Based DDoS Flooding Attacks of Application Layer: Detection and Mitigation Approaches
Survey on Blackhole and Denial of Service Attack over MANET Environment

Security is a major challenge in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) due to their features of dynamically changing topologies, frequent host movement, Multi hop wireless links and lack of clear line of defense. Protecting the network layer of a MANET from malicious attacks is an important and challenging issue. This paper analyzes the black hole and denial of service attack which is very severe type of possible attacks in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) In a black hole attack, malicious nodes advertise itself by sending a false route reply packet to a source node that initiates a route discovery process and drops all packets whereas DDOS attacks target the resources of these services, lowering their ability to provide optimum usage of the network infrastructure. In this paper, we are investigating the effect of black hole and dos attack on MANET environment and recommend practical defense mechanisms against blackhole and DOS attacks. The implementation of the proposed concept is provided using the Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector routing protocol modification in network simulator 2 i.e. NS 2.
A System for Denial of Service Attack Detection Based on Multivariate Correlation Analysis

In the networking systems, such as the Web servers, database servers, cloud computing servers etc are now under threads from network attackers. As one of most common and aggressive means, Denial of Service attacks cause serious impact on these computing systems. We are present a study on the recent approaches in handling Distributed Denial of Service attacks. DDOS attack is the fairly new type of attack to cripple the availability of Internet service and resources. During in the last decade, anomaly detection has attracted to the attention of many researchers to overcome the weakness of signature based is IDS in the detecting novel attacks, and KDD CUP'99 is the mostly widely used data set for the evaluation of these systems. We are survey different papers describing methods of defense against DDOS attacks based on entropy variations, traffic in anomaly parameters, neural networks, device level defense, botnet flux identification and application layer DDOS defense.
View Driven Deduplication with Active Learning
Venue: ArXiv

Visual analytics systems such as Tableau are increasingly popular for interactive data exploration. These tools, however, do not currently assist users with detecting or resolving potential data quality problems including the well known deduplication problem. Recent approaches for deduplication focus on cleaning entire datasets and commonly require hundreds to thousands of user labels. In this paper, we address the problem of deduplication in the context of visual data analytics. We present a new approach for record deduplication that strives to produce the cleanest view possible with a limited budget for data labeling. The key idea behind our approach is to consider the impact that individual tuples have on a visualization and to monitor how the view changes during cleaning. With experiments on nine different visualizations for two real world datasets, we show that our approach produces significantly cleaner views for small labeling budgets than state of the art alternatives and that it also stops the cleaning process after requesting fewer labels.
Stabilizing effect of WWTP discharge on water quality and fish assemblage structure

We examined the effluent from a municipal (Nyiregyhaza, Hungary) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on hydrophysicochemical properties and on diversity, community structure, and stability of fish assemblages at the recipient low flow channel system during a two year period. The WWTP outflow increased significantly the nutrient concentrations (e.g. NO2 and NO3 concentrations increased to 4x and 8x respectively) and the regime (with the permanent ~0.23m3/s load) at the recipient channel sections. The wastewater outflow not only altered, but stabilized the physico chemical variables measured, and the water regime in the recipient channels. Thus the natural, periodic fluctuation of the environmental variables was diminished in the study period. The WWTP outflow caused significant changes in the fish fauna as well. High abundances and taxa richness were found in the stocks inhabiting the charged watercourse sections. At the same time, species composition and relative abundances of fish stocks proved to be more constant at the impaired sites. Our results show that the WWTP outflow caused altered, but significantly more stable environmental conditions. These alterations were favourable for the emergence of a more diverse and more stable fish community on the recipient channel sections. Hence, the dynamic variability in fish assemblage structure that is characteristic of natural lowland stream was not apparent in these perturbed, semi natural habitats.
Effects of water level fluctuations on the environmental characteristics and fish environment relationships in the littoral zone of a reservoir

Water level fluctuations are a major function of reservoirs that influence the littoral zone of the lake, and prove to be of high importance for the whole biological communities of lakes. Working on a French hydropower reservoir, we studied the influence of water level fluctuations on intra annual variations of littoral habitat availability and their consequences for the structure of fish assemblages inhabiting the littoral zone. As the water level decreased significantly, habitat conditions tended to be much more homogeneous. The proportion of sites with a thin substrate and low slope increased, while submerged vegetation and riparian shade disappeared. The relationship between habitat complexity and fish assemblage changed along the water level gradient. The habitat effect on assemblage structure was strongest when the water level conditions were high and very high, and weaker for low and very low water level conditions. A homogenization of fish assemblages was observed when the water level condition reached a threshold. These results suggest an effect of water level management in structuring fish assemblages of the littoral zone of a reservoir due to a decrease of habitat complexity.
PPP RTK and inter system biases: the ISB look up table as a means to support multi system PPP RTK
Venue: Journal of Geodesy

PPP RTK has the potential of benefiting enormously from the integration of multiple GNSS/RNSS systems. However, since unaccounted inter system biases (ISBs) have a direct impact on the integer ambiguity resolution performance, the PPP RTK network and user models need to be flexible enough to accommodate the occurrence of system specific receiver biases. In this contribution we present such undifferenced, multi system PPP RTK full rank models for both network and users. By an application of \mathcal {S}$S system theory, the multi system estimable parameters are presented, thereby identifying how each of the three PPP RTK components are affected by the presence of the system specific biases. As a result different scenarios are described of how these biases can be taken into account. To have users benefit the most, we propose the construction of an ISB look up table. It allows users to search the table for a network receiver of their own type and select the corresponding ISBs, thus effectively realizing their own ISB corrected user model. By applying such corrections, the user model is strengthened and the number of integer estimable user ambiguities is maximized.
Developmental origins of infant stress reactivity profiles: A multi system approach.
Venue: Developmental psychobiology

This study tested the hypothesis that maternal physiological and psychological variables during pregnancy discriminate between theoretically informed infant stress reactivity profiles.  The sample comprised 254 women and their infants. Maternal mood, salivary cortisol, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and salivary a amylase (sAA) were assessed at 15 and 32 weeks gestational age. Infant salivary cortisol, RSA, and sAA reactivity were assessed in response to a structured laboratory frustration task at 6 months of age. Infant responses were used to classify them into stress reactivity profiles using three different classification schemes: hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, autonomic, and multi system. Discriminant function analyses evaluated the prenatal variables that best discriminated infant reactivity profiles within each classification scheme.  Maternal stress biomarkers, along with self reported psychological distress during pregnancy, discriminated between infant stress reactivity profiles.  These results suggest that maternal psychological and physiological states during pregnancy have broad effects on the development of the infant stress response systems.
Smart phone battery life short fall in disaster response: Quantifying the gap
Venue: 2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)

Smart phones are useful in disaster response. However, they have limited battery life, and during disaster situations, there may be fewer opportunities to recharge them. The result is that the endurance of a smart phone on a single charge may become a limiting factor to the utility of smart phones in such circumstances. None of this is controversial. However, and perhaps because of this, there has been little effort invested into understanding how often the limited battery life of smart phones becomes problematic during disaster response, or further, to understand what an appropriate battery life of a smart phone should be, to avoid this problem occurring in the typical case. In this paper we relate the results of a survey of emergency responders and other private citizens to explore these questions. The results show that there is a clear short fall in the battery life of smart phones, which typically operate for only around one day before requiring recharging, being only approximately half, or 15 hours too short, of the endurance required, depending on the measure applied. We explore the potential for bridging this gap using various mechanisms.