nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
Dominating dynamics of the post combustion CO2 absorption process
Venue: Comput. Chem. Eng.

A dynamic model of the post combustion CO 2 capture process based on chemical absorption is used to investigate the transient behavior and dynamic responses of the process and to detect stabilization time when various disturbances are introduced. Plant dimensions and parameter settings are based on the SINTEF CO 2 capture pilot plant at Tiller in Norway, and the overall process model is validated using two sets of steady state pilot plant data. A deviation between model and pilot plant results of 0.8% and 4.5% in absorbed CO 2 and 2.6% and 1.2% in desorbed CO 2 is seen for the two cases used in validation, respectively, which is within the observed pilot plant CO 2 mass balance error of 6% The simulated absorber and desorber temperature profiles show also adequate agreement to the pilot plant measurements. The process model is further used to simulate set point changes in flue gas flow rate, reboiler duty and solvent flow rate in order to investigate typical stabilization times at various locations in the process. As expected, mixing models such as the absorber sump and reboiler will introduce time constants that affect the dynamic response profiles, while plug flow models such as the cross heat exchanger and lean cooler causes pure transport delays and no additional settling time. Mass transfer and chemical reaction rates causes some process inertia, but it is relatively small compared to the inertia of larger mixing vessels such as the absorber sump, reboiler and buffer tank and transport delay caused by plug flow. Changes to the solvent flow rate are also seen as a larger disturbance to the process compared to changes in flue gas flow rate and reboiler duty, reflected by longer process stabilization time to reach new steady state conditions. The estimated 90% settling times for the response in CO 2 capture rate in the Tiller pilot plant are less than 1 h, 3.5 6 h and 3.5 4 h for step changes in flue gas flow rate, solvent flow rate and reboiler duty, respectively.
Fuzzy and Neural Network based Tomato Plant Disease Classification using Natural Outdoor Images

The aim of the study is to automate the plant disease recognition and classification process by using image processing and soft computing techniques.  The proposed method examined the five types of tomato plant diseases using natural outdoor images in the study. The tomato plant images categorized into six categories including five disease infected that are bacterial leaf spot, fungal septoria leaf spot, bacterial canker, fungal lateblight, tomato leaf curl and one non infected (healthy) The total 180 images of the dataset used for training and testing purpose. The total thirteen features computed by using CIE XYZ color space conversions that included color moments, histogram, and color coherence vector features. For classification, computed features are fed into three classifiers, i.e. "Fuzzy Inference System based on subtractive clustering" "Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system using hybrid learning algorithm and multi layer feed forward back propagation neural network" for classification of six injured and healthy tomato plant disease.  The classification accuracy is best yielded with multi layer feed forward back propagation classifier of 87.2% Novelty/Improvement: Usually, in the studies the only one type of plant disease considered for the recognition and classification purpose. The current study considered five different types of tomato plant diseases including fungal, bacterial and viral. It indicates that the proposed algorithm could reliably classify the different types of plant diseases in digital images.
Illumination invariant representation of natural images for visual place recognition
Venue: 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

Illumination changes are a typical problem for many outdoor long term applications such as visual place recognition. Keypoints may fail to match between images taken at the same location but different times of the day. Although recently some methods are presented for creating shadow free image representations, all of them have the limitation in terms of dealing with night images and non Planckian source of lighting. In this paper we present a new method for creating illumination invariant image representation using a combination of two existing methods based on natural image statistics that address the issue of illumination invariance. Unlike previous attempts at solving the problem of illumination invariant representation, the proposed method does not assume the ideal narrow band color camera nor a calibration step for each environment. We evaluate our method on real datasets to establish its accuracy and efficiency. Experimental results show that our method outperforms competing methods for illumination invariant image representation.
Study on road sign recognition in LabVIEW

Road and traffic sign identification is a field of study that can be used to aid the development of in car advisory systems. It uses computer vision and artificial intelligence to extract the road signs from outdoor images acquired by a camera in uncontrolled lighting conditions where they may be occluded by other objects, or may suffer from problems such as color fading, disorientation, variations in shape and size, etc. An automatic means of identifying traffic signs, in these conditions, can make a significant contribution to develop an Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) that continuously monitors the driver, the vehicle, and the road. Road and traffic signs are characterized by a number of features which make them recognizable from the environment. Road signs are located in standard positions and have standard shapes, standard colors, and known pictograms. These characteristics make them suitable for image identification. Traffic sign identification covers two problems: traffic sign detection and traffic sign recognition. Traffic sign detection is meant for the accurate localization of traffic signs in the image space, while traffic sign recognition handles the labeling of such detections into specific traffic sign types or subcategories
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi spores diversity and AMF infection in some medicinal plants of District Charsadda KPK

An investigation has been made about the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore population and root colonization in 20 medicinal plants selected and collected from district Charsadda at early winter and summer seasons during session 2014 2015. The spore density of AMF ranged from 80 spores per 100gm 1 and root colonization from 20 80% The lowest spore density was recorded in Cestrum nocturnum, Ficus carica, Aquilaria agallocha and the highest spore density was recorded in Sedum dendroideum, Cannabis sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Mentha longifolia, Withania somnifera while absent in Brassica campestris, Amaranthus viridis. The spore density of AMF and root colonization by these fungi varied from species to species, season to season, and also affected by host plant growth stages (vegetative fruiting).AM fungi association was more observed at fruiting stage and low at vegetative and flowering phases of host. The most dominant species of AMF were Glomus followed by Sclerocystis and Acaulospora species.
Behavioural intention in cloud based VLE: An extension to Channel Expansion Theory
Venue: Comput. Hum. Behav.

Cloud computing has been a phenomenon nowadays. The ability to access, store/retrieve and share information anytime, anywhere on the cloud has contributed to the birth of the cloud based virtual learning environment (c VLE) Though there are studies conducted on the grid based VLEs, however due to the significant differences between the two computing technologies; the findings from prior studies may not be germane in the c VLE context. Unlike the previous studies which studied TAM, UTAUT and their extensions from the perspective of undergraduates and university instructors, this study examined the role of Channel Expansion Theory (CET) VLE related attributes (i.e. interactivity, content design, trust in website) school support and knowledge sharing attitude from the perspective of school teachers. Educational level and teaching experience were introduced as the control variables. Data were gathered in two waves of nation wide surveys with random sampling. The findings revealed significant effects of CET, all VLE related attributes (except content design) school support and attitude towards knowledge sharing on behavioural intention (BI) BI was found to have direct effect on instructional effectiveness (IE) The model explained 68.9% 62.5% and 28.9% variances in CET, BI and IE. The study provides theoretical and practical implications to the scholars and practitioners.
MPEG SCORM: An ontological approach of interoperable metadata for digital television and e Learning
Venue: 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)

The convergence of digital media offers an integration of ICT focused on telecommunications and multimedia domain (under responsibility of the Moving Picture Experts Group, ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29) and the ICTE (the ICT for Education) managed by the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36, highlighting the MPEG standards, employees as content and metadata to the multimedia Digital TV and the technologies applied to e Learning. Regarding this, there is the problem of developing an interoperable matching for normative bases, achieving an innovative proposal in the convergence between digital telecommunications and applications for e Learning, also essentially multimedia. To reach this purpose it is proposed to create a standard ontology of interoperable metadata for web, digital TV and extensions for mobile devices based on the integration between MPEG 21 and SCORM metadata standards. The methodology used consists on building ontology between MPEG 21 SCORM which can be achieved on making a correspondence through the XPath language, managed by the W3C. The employ of the XPath language is desirable for matching and mapping both metadata schema patterns integrating MPEG 21 (mostly Digital Item Declaration Language) and SCORM metadata schema. The practical purpose is the creation and storage of objects for use in digital telecommunications as Digital Television, in an interoperable way with the e Learning industry, here as description metadata for all sorts of media and hypermedia to create learning objects.
MPEG SCORM: An ontological approach of interoperable metadata for digital television and e Learning

The convergence of digital media offers an integration of ICT focused on telecommunications and multimedia domain (under responsibility of the Moving Picture Experts Group, ISO/IEC JTC1 SC29) and the ICTE (the ICT for Education) managed by the ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36, highlighting the MPEG standards, employees as content and metadata to the multimedia Digital TV and the technologies applied to e Learning. Regarding this, there is the problem of developing an interoperable matching for normative bases, achieving an innovative proposal in the convergence between digital telecommunications and applications for e Learning, also essentially multimedia. To reach this purpose it is proposed to create a standard ontology of interoperable metadata for web, digital TV and extensions for mobile devices based on the integration between MPEG 21 and SCORM metadata standards. The methodology used consists on building ontology between MPEG 21 SCORM which can be achieved on making a correspondence through the XPath language, managed by the W3C. The employ of the XPath language is desirable for matching and mapping both metadata schema patterns integrating MPEG 21 (mostly Digital Item Declaration Language) and SCORM metadata schema. The practical purpose is the creation and storage of objects for use in digital telecommunications as Digital Television, in an interoperable way with the e Learning industry, here as description metadata for all sorts of media and hypermedia to create learning objects.
A simple spectroscopic method to determine the degree of dissociation in hydrogen plasmas with wide range spectrometer.
Venue: The Review of scientific instruments

A new and simple method for determining the degree of dissociation in hydrogen plasmas is presented. In this method, wide range spectrum covering from an atomic H g line (434.05 nm) to molecular Fulcher a band (600 640 nm) is measured simultaneously by a wide range miniature spectrometer. Since the wide range spectrum measured by the miniature spectrometer is too broadened to resolve respective lines in the Fulcher a band, a synthetic spectrum method is applied to improve the accuracy in the Q branch of Fulcher a band intensity measurement. In order to reduce the influence from other transitions or anomalous P and R branch of Fulcher a spectrum, the Fulcher a spectra of which vibrational states are higher than 1 (u 1) are synthesized using the rotational temperature obtained by the 0 0 Fulcher a spectrum. The degree of dissociation is determined from the intensity ratio between H g line and the synthesized Fulcher a band spectrum. A comparative study carried out in a volume produced negative hydrogen ion source shows that the degree of dissociation determined by this method agrees well with the measured values using a spectrometer with high spectral resolution. The present method is expected to be useful to characterize the plasma sources with molecular species since it provides important parameters for understanding neutral particle behaviors.
The Profile of Communication Mathematics and Students' Motivation by Joyful Learning based Learning Context Malay Culture

This research was a descriptive qualitative study conducted in three phases, namely the pre court stage, the stage of field work and data analysis stage. Subjects in this study were six students of class VII MTs Yaspi Medan Labuhan with two subjects capable of good mathematics communication, two subjects capable enough communication, and the two subjects capable of communication was less, the selection of subject by using purposive sampling. The research results were obtained: 1) There was a positive change in the students' ability to communicate mathematics after being given a context based joyful learning the Malay culture; 2) The responses of the students showed subjects could communicate more math problems after being given a contextbased joyfullearning the Malay culture; 3) Students' motivation had to experience a positive change because this learning is a new thing for students and fun for students. Recommended by the teachers can use context based joyful learning culture by presenting issues related to local culture as an alternative learning.
Spider phylogenomics: untangling the Spider Tree of Life
Venue: PeerJ

Spiders (Order Araneae) are massively abundant generalist arthropod predators that are found in nearly every ecosystem on the planet and have persisted for over 380 million years. Spiders have long served as evolutionary models for studying complex mating and web spinning behaviors, key innovation and adaptive radiation hypotheses, and have been inspiration for important theories like sexual selection by female choice. Unfortunately, past major attempts to reconstruct spider phylogeny typically employing the "usual suspect" genes have been unable to produce a well supported phylogenetic framework for the entire order. To further resolve spider evolutionary relationships we have assembled a transcriptome based data set comprising 70 ingroup spider taxa. Using maximum likelihood and shortcut coalescence based approaches, we analyze eight data sets, the largest of which contains 3,398 gene regions and 696,652 amino acid sites forming the largest phylogenomic analysis of spider relationships produced to date. Contrary to long held beliefs that the orb web is the crowning achievement of spider evolution, ancestral state reconstructions of web type support a phylogenetically ancient origin of the orb web, and diversification analyses show that the mostly ground dwelling, web less RTA clade diversified faster than orb weavers. Consistent with molecular dating estimates we report herein, this may reflect a major increase in biomass of non flying insects during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution 125 90 million years ago favoring diversification of spiders that feed on cursorial rather than flying prey. Our results also have major implications for our understanding of spider systematics. Phylogenomic analyses corroborate several well accepted high level groupings: Opisthothele, Mygalomorphae, Atypoidina, Avicularoidea, Theraphosoidina, Araneomorphae, Entelegynae, Araneoidea, the RTA clade, Dionycha and the Lycosoidea. Alternatively, our results challenge the monophyly of Eresoidea, Orbiculariae, and Deinopoidea. The composition of the major paleocribellate and neocribellate clades, the basal divisions of Araneomorphae, appear to be falsified. Traditional Haplogynae is in need of revision, as our findings appear to support the newly conceived concept of Synspermiata. The sister pairing of filistatids with hypochilids implies that some peculiar features of each family may in fact be synapomorphic for the pair. Leptonetids now are seen as a possible sister group to the Entelegynae, illustrating possible intermediates in the evolution of the more complex entelegyne genitalic condition, spinning organs and respiratory organs.
3D R2N2: A Unified Approach for Single and Multi view 3D Object Reconstruction
Venue: ECCV

Inspired by the recent success of methods that employ shape priors to achieve robust 3D reconstructions, we propose a novel recurrent neural network architecture that we call the 3D Recurrent Reconstruction Neural Network (3D R2N2) The network learns a mapping from images of objects to their underlying 3D shapes from a large collection of synthetic data [13] Our network takes in one or more images of an object instance from arbitrary viewpoints and outputs a reconstruction of the object in the form of a 3D occupancy grid. Unlike most of the previous works, our network does not require any image annotations or object class labels for training or testing. Our extensive experimental analysis shows that our reconstruction framework (i) outperforms the state of the art methods for single view reconstruction, and (ii) enables the 3D reconstruction of objects in situations when traditional SFM/SLAM methods fail (because of lack of texture and/or wide baseline)
Transient sound radiation from an impulsively excited piezoelectric composite hollow sphere in a wedge shaped acoustic domain

The exact 3D linear piezoelasticity theory, the linear acoustic wave equation, and the classical method of images are employed for the coupled acousto elastodynamic time response analysis of an arbitrarily thick two layered elasto piezoelectric composite hollow sphere that is freely suspended in a perfect acoustic wedge with impenetrable (rigid/compliant) boundaries, while subjected to arbitrary (non axisymmetric) non stationary electro mechanical excitations. Problem solution is attained by application of the method of eigen function expansion, a revised form of translational addition theorems for modified spherical Bessel functions in Laplace transform domain, and Durbin's numerical inversion algorithm with an advanced (modified Cesaro) convergence improvement scheme. Numerical simulations include selected radiated pressure time signatures of a water submerged air filled PZT4/aluminum spherical shell driven by a pair of external diametrical short duration mechanical pulses. The effects of sphere wall thickness, wedge opening (apex) angle g p 6 p 4 p 2 and surface condition (hard or pressure release) are examined. Also, some noteworthy features of the transient fluid/structure interaction are recognized through proper 2D visualizations of the internal and external sound fields. Lastly, accuracy of the proposed acousto elastic model is confirmed with the help of a commercial FEA software in addition to comparison with the available data.
Addressing the Interprofessional Collaboration Competencies of the Association of American Medical Colleges: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments in Undergraduate Medical Education
Venue: Academic medicine journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

To summarize characteristics and validity evidence of tools that assess teamwork in undergraduate medical education (UME) and provide recommendations for addressing the interprofessional collaboration competencies of the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) Method The authors conducted a systematic review, searching MEDLINE, MEDLINE In process, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from January 1, 1979, through April 1, 2014; they searched reference lists and national meeting abstracts. They included original research reports that described a quantitative tool used to assess teamwork in UME. They abstracted characteristics and validity evidence for the tools, plus study quality, according to established frameworks. Two authors independently abstracted 25% of articles and calculated agreement. Authors then applied predefined criteria to identify tools best suited to address the AAMC's teamwork competencies.  Of 13,549 citations, 70 articles describing 64 teamwork assessment tools were included. Of these 64 tools, 27 (42% assessed teamwork in classroom, 31 (48% in simulation, and only 7 (11% in actual clinical settings. The majority (47; 73% of tools assessed medical students' teamwork in interprofessional teams. On the basis of content concordance, strength of validity evidence, generalizability of scores, and level of outcomes, four published tools were recommended to assess the AAMC's teamwork competencies: the Collaborative Healthcare Interdisciplinary Relationship Planning Scale, Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale, Communication and Teamwork Skills assessment, and Teamwork Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise.  Substantial validity evidence supports the use of several UME teamwork assessments. Four tools have been appropriately designed and sufficiently studied to constitute appropriate assessments of the AAMC's teamwork competencies.
Tools to Assess Behavioral and Social Science Competencies in Medical Education: A Systematic Review
Venue: Academic medicine journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

Behavioral and social science (BSS) competencies are needed to provide quality health care, but psychometrically validated measures to assess these competencies are difficult to find. Moreover, they have not been mapped to existing frameworks, like those from the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the quality of assessment tools used to measure BSS competencies.  The authors searched the literature published between January 2002 and March 2014 for articles reporting psychometric or other validity/reliability testing, using OVID, CINAHL, PubMed, ERIC, Research and Development Resource Base, SOCIOFILE, and PsycINFO. They reviewed 5,104 potentially relevant titles and abstracts. To guide their review, they mapped BSS competencies to existing LCME and ACGME frameworks. The final included articles fell into three categories: instrument development, which were of the highest quality; educational research, which were of the second highest quality; and curriculum evaluation, which were of lower quality.  Of the 114 included articles, 33 (29% yielded strong evidence supporting tools to assess communication skills, cultural competence, empathy/compassion, behavioral health counseling, professionalism, and teamwork. Sixty two (54% articles yielded moderate evidence and 19 (17% weak evidence. Articles mapped to all LCME standards and ACGME core competencies; the most common was communication skills.  These findings serve as a valuable resource for medical educators and researchers. More rigorous measurement validation and testing and more robust study designs are needed to understand how educational strategies contribute to BSS competency development.