nils-herrmann/clean_scirepeval huggingface dataset:
The That System of Seventeenth Century North Indian Ragas: a Preliminary Report on the Treatises of Kamilkhani

It would seem to be paradigmatic in the study of Indian classical music to say that one major difference between Karnatic music and its North Indian counterpart lies in their conception of the ragas and how they are classified. Beginning with Ramamatya's radical break with the past in the Swaramelakalanidhi (1550) the South Indian ragas were no longer to be organised according to the old method of parent ragas and jatis, but conceived according to their basic scalar material (te Nijenhuis 1977:20) Ramamatya's proposition of nineteen basic scales, or melas,2 led eventually to the development and enthusiastic adoption of a highly logical and practically based system of seventy two melakarta that account for all possible tonal permutations of the ragas. The North Indian ragas, however, were conceptualised until the twentieth century as a rather looser conglomeration of individual entities organised
Technology and Reflection: Mood and Memory Mechanisms for Well Being
Venue: Psychology of well being

BackgroundWe report a psychologically motivated intervention to explore Technology Mediated Reflection (TMR) the process of systematically reviewing rich digital records of past personal experiences. Although TMR benefits well being, and is increasingly being deployed, we know little about how one's mood when using TMR influences these benefits. We use theories of memory and emotion regulation to motivate hypotheses about the relationship between reflection, mood, and well being when using technology. We test these hypotheses in a large scale month long real world deployment using a web based application, MoodAdaptor. MoodAdaptor prompted participants to reflect on positive or negative memories depending on current mood.MethodsWe evaluated how mood and memory interact during written reflection and measured effects on well being. We analyzed qualitative and quantitative data from 128 participants who generated 11157 mood evaluations, 5051 logfiles, 256 surveys, and 20 interviews.ResultsTMR regulated emotion; when participants reflected on memories with valences opposite to their current mood, their mood became more neutral. However this did not impact overall well being. Our findings also clarify underlying TMR mechanisms. Moods and memories competed with each other; when positive moods prevailed over negative memories, people demonstrated classic mechanisms shown in prior work to influence well being. When negative moods prevailed over positive memories, memories became negatively tainted.ConclusionsOur results have implications for new well being interventions and technologies that capitalize on the interconnectedness of memory and emotion.
Estimating volume and surface area of a convex body via its projections or sections

The main goal of this paper is to present a series of inequalities connecting the surface area measure of a convex body and surface area measure of its projections and sections. We answer a question from \cite{GKV} regarding the comparison of the "surface over volume" functional of a zonoid and of its projections. In addition, we present a solution of a question from \cite{CGG} regarding the asymptotic behavior of the best constant in a recently proposed reverse Loomis Whitney inequality. Next we give a new sufficient condition for the slicing problem to have an affirmative answer, in terms of the least "outer volume ratio distance" from the class of intersection bodies of projections of at least proportional dimension of convex bodies. Finally, we show that certain geometric quantities such as the volume ratio and minimal surface area (after a suitable normalization) are not necessarily close to each other.
jindangeomsayi teugseong pyeonggareul wihan Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) gogseonyi hwalyong

In the field of clinical medicine, diagnostic accuracy studies refer to the degree of agreement between the index test and the reference standard for the discriminatory ability to identify a target disorder of interest in a patient. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve offers a graphical display the trade off between sensitivity and specificity at each cutoff for a diagnostic test and is useful in assigning the best cutoff for clinical use. In this end, the ROC curve analysis is a useful tool for estimating and comparing the accuracy of competing diagnostic tests. This paper reviews briefly the measures of diagnostic accuracy such as sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) that is a summary measure for diagnostic accuracy across the spectrum of test results. In addition, the methods of creating an ROC curve in single diagnostic test with five category discrete scale for disease classification from healthy individuals, meaningful interpretation of the AUC, and the applications of ROC methodology in clinical medicine to determine the optimal cutoff values have been discussed using a hypothetical example as an illustration.
Self Directed Learning Favors Local, Rather Than Global, Uncertainty
Venue: Cogn. Sci.

Collecting (or "sampling" information that one expects to be useful is a powerful way to facilitate learning. However, relatively little is known about how people decide which information is worth sampling over the course of learning. We describe several alternative models of how people might decide to collect a piece of information inspired by "active learning" research in machine learning. We additionally provide a theoretical analysis demonstrating the situations under which these models are empirically distinguishable, and we report a novel empirical study that exploits these insights. Our model based analysis of participants' information gathering decisions reveals that people prefer to select items which resolve uncertainty between two possibilities at a time rather than items that have high uncertainty across all relevant possibilities simultaneously. Rather than adhering to strictly normative or confirmatory conceptions of information search, people appear to prefer a "local" sampling strategy, which may reflect cognitive constraints on the process of information gathering.
CSR SERVES TO COMPETE IN THE SPORT INDUSTRY? AN EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN THE FOOTBALL SECTOR IN PERU

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept used by firms to obtain competitiveness. Although the focus of academic research has been on identifying the link between financial and social performance, the causal evidence of this relationship remains unclear. Our research attempts to fill this gap by validating hypotheses indicating that the effect of CSR on business competitiveness requires integrating other variables. The literature review shows limited research conducted on CSR and professional sports in emerging countries. Our article fills these gaps by investigating the effect of CSR on competitiveness of football teams. Our results will expand the applicability of CSR to other organizations, while at the same time offering recommendations to a sector with economic and sociological global repercussions.
Consumers' environmental and ethical consciousness and the use of the related food products information: The role of perceived consumer effectiveness
Venue: Appetite

Consumers can be important active contributors to a sustainable society by selecting food choices that are both healthy and produced respecting environmental and socially ethical standards. The current study investigates five consumer behavioural factors namely, perceived consumer effectiveness (PCE) environmental conscious behaviour; concerns for ethical food production; health conscious lifestyle; and healthy dietary patterns. The key interest of the study lies in exploring the moderating role of PCE the extent to which the consumer believes that his/her own efforts can make a difference in these interrelationships. The empirical analysis was conducted through an online survey of food consumers implemented in three markets the US, the UK and Germany. Findings indicate that for individuals with higher levels of PCE, who are environmental conscious and ethically concerned, information on food labels relating to environmental and social issues represents value by itself. Interestingly, health and nutrition information on food labels was not perceived valuable by consumers with high PCE. The predictive effects of various socio demographic variables on PCE, consumer environmental and health consciousness are discussed. Cross cultural differences are also outlined. The results of this research may contribute to the development of environmental policies and communication strategies of the food industry to enhance perceived consumer effectiveness among consumers. Improved PCE, in turn, may catalyze consumers' environmental behaviour and ethical concerns in relation to consumption of food products with environmental and social information.
Our future: a Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing
Venue: The Lancet

Unprecedented global forces are shaping the health and wellbeing of the largest generation of 10 to 24 year olds in human history. Population mobility, global communications, economic development, and the sustainability of ecosystems are setting the future course for this generation and, in turn, humankind. At the same time, we have come to new understandings of adolescence as a critical phase in life for achieving human potential. Adolescence is characterised by dynamic brain development in which the interaction with the social environment shapes the capabilities an individual takes forward into adult life.3 During adolescence, an individual acquires the physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and economic resources that are the foundation for later life health and wellbeing. These same resources define trajectories into the next generation. Investments in adolescent health and wellbeing bring benefits today, for decades to come, and for the next generation. Better childhood health and nutrition, extensions to education, delays in family formation, and new technologies offer the possibility of this being the healthiest generation of adolescents ever. But these are also the ages when new and different health problems related to the onset of sexual activity, emotional control, and behaviour typically emerge. Global trends include those promoting unhealthy lifestyles and commodities, the crisis of youth unemployment, less family stability, environmental degradation, armed conflict, and mass migration, all of which pose major threats to adolescent health and wellbeing. Adolescents and young adults have until recently been overlooked in global health and social policy, one reason why they have had fewer health gains with economic development than other age groups. The UN Secretary General's Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescents' Health initiated, in September, 2015, presents an outstanding opportunity for investment in adolescent health and wellbeing. However, because of limits to resources and technical capacities at both the national and the global level, effective response has many challenges. The question of where to make the most effective investments is now pressing for the international development community. This Commission outlines the opportunities and challenges for investment at both country and global levels (panel 1)
Reshaped Wirtinger Flow and Incremental Algorithm for Solving Quadratic System of Equations

We study the phase retrieval problem, which solves quadratic system of equations, i.e. recovers a vector \boldsymbol{x}\in \mathbb{R}^n$ from its magnitude measurements $y_i=\langle \boldsymbol{a}_i, \boldsymbol{x}\rangle| i=1, m$ We develop a gradient like algorithm (referred to as RWF representing reshaped Wirtinger flow) by minimizing a nonconvex nonsmooth loss function. In comparison with existing nonconvex Wirtinger flow (WF) algorithm \cite{candes2015phase} although the loss function becomes nonsmooth, it involves only the second power of variable and hence reduces the complexity. We show that for random Gaussian measurements, RWF enjoys geometric convergence to a global optimal point as long as the number $m$ of measurements is on the order of $n$ the dimension of the unknown \boldsymbol{x} This improves the sample complexity of WF, and achieves the same sample complexity as truncated Wirtinger flow (TWF) \cite{chen2015solving} but without truncation in gradient loop. Furthermore, RWF costs less computationally than WF, and runs faster numerically than both WF and TWF. We further develop the incremental (stochastic) reshaped Wirtinger flow (IRWF) and show that IRWF converges linearly to the true signal. We further establish performance guarantee of an existing Kaczmarz method for the phase retrieval problem based on its connection to IRWF. We also empirically demonstrate that IRWF outperforms existing ITWF algorithm (stochastic version of TWF) as well as other batch algorithms.
Reshaped Wirtinger Flow for Solving Quadratic System of Equations
Venue: NIPS

We study the problem of recovering a vector \bx\in \bbR^n$ from its magnitude measurements $y_i=\langle \ba_i, \bx\rangle| i=1, m$ Our work is along the line of the Wirtinger flow (WF) approach  which solves the problem by minimizing a nonconvex loss function via a gradient algorithm and can be shown to converge to a global optimal point under good initialization. In contrast to the smooth loss function used in WF, we adopt a nonsmooth but lower order loss function, and design a gradient like algorithm (referred to as reshaped WF) We show that for random Gaussian measurements, reshaped WF enjoys geometric convergence to a global optimal point as long as the number $m$ of measurements is at the order of \cO(n) where $n$ is the dimension of the unknown \bx$ This improves the sample complexity of WF, and achieves the same sample complexity as truncated WF \citet{chen2015solving} but without truncation at gradient step. Furthermore, reshaped WF costs less computationally than WF, and runs faster numerically than both WF and truncated WF. Bypassing higher order variables in the loss function and truncations in the gradient loop, analysis of reshaped WF is simplified.
Wirtinger Flow Method With Optimal Stepsize for Phase Retrieval
Venue: IEEE Signal Processing Letters

The recently reported Wirtinger flow (WF) algorithm has been demonstrated as a promising method for solving the problem of phase retrieval by applying a gradient descent scheme. An empirical choice of stepsize is suggested in practice. However, this heuristic stepsize selection rule is not optimal. In order to accelerate the convergence rate, we propose an improved WF with optimal stepsize. It is revealed that this optimal stepsize is the solution of a univariate cubic equation with real valued coefficients. Finding its roots is computationally simple because a closed form expression exists. Furthermore, compared with obtaining the coefficients of the cubic equation, calculating the gradient is still the leading cost. Therefore, the proposed approach has the same dominant cost as WF in each iteration. Simulation results are provided to validate its efficiency compared to the existing technique.
A meta analysis of MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism on susceptibility of chronic periodontitis
Venue: SpringerPlus

BackgroundAlthough many studies have focused on the association of the MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism with the susceptibility and/or severity of chronic periodontitis (CP) results have been inconsistent. Therefore, a meta analysis of all eligible studies was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the association between this polymorphism and CP risk.MethodsAll relevant studies were identified through a database search in PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science. All the full text studies with appropriate analytical design, published in English, which evaluated the association of MMP 9 promoter 1562C/T polymorphism with CP risk using validated genotyping methods, and with non duplicated data were selected for this study. A fixed effect model was used to calculate pooled ORs in the absence of heterogeneity across included trials (P 0.1 and I2 50 otherwise the random effect model was applied.ResultsIn an overall meta analysis, pooled ORs revealed that T variant in the MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism was associated with a significantly decreased risk for CP under all comparison models. In subgroup analyses by ethnicity, pooled ORs showed that a significant association of the MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism with CP risk was only detected in Caucasians and Asians but not in mixed population. In the subgroup analysis by severity of CP, pooled ORs indicated that T allele of the MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism was associated with decreased susceptibility to severe CP while there was no significant association between this polymorphism and moderate CP.ConclusionsOur meta analysis showed that T allele in the MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism might be a protective factor for CP, especially in Caucasians and Asians. Moreover, there was a significant association of the MMP 9 promoter 1562 C/T polymorphism with decreased susceptibility to severe CP, while the allelic and/or genotype distributions of this polymorphism were not associated with moderate CP.
Matrix metalloproteinase gene polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility: a meta analysis involving 6,162 individuals
Venue: Scientific reports

We aimed to systematically investigate the potential association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, 3, 2, and 8 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to periodontitis using meta analysis. A literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Sciencewas conducted to obtain relevant publications. Finally a total of 16 articles with 24 case control studies (nine on MMP 9 1562 C/T, seven on MMP 3 1171 A5/A6, four on MMP 2 753C/T, and four on MMP 8 799 C/T) were considered in this meta analysis. The results based on 2,724 periodontitis patients and 3,438 controls showed that MMP 9 1562C/T, MMP 3 1171 A5/A6, and MMP 8 799C/T polymorphisms were associated with periodontitis susceptibility. No significant association was found between MMP 2 753 C/T and periodontitis susceptibility. Subgroup analyses suggested that the MMP 9 1562 C/T polymorphism reduced chronic periodontitis susceptibility and MMP 3 1171 A5/A6polymorphism increased chronic periodontitis susceptibility. In summary, current evidence demonstrated that MMP 9 753 C/Tpolymorphism reduced the risk of periodontitis, MMP 3 1171 5A/6A and MMP 8 799 C/Tpolymorphisms increased the risk of periodontitis, and MMP 2 753 C/T was not associated with risk of periodontitis.
The Effect of Soft Classroom: A New Learning Environment Integrating MOOCs into Conventional Classrooms for College Students

In the last two decades, new insights into the nature of teaching and learning have driven the development of a variety of constructivist approaches for providing flexible and powerful student centered learning environments. Also, recent advances in technology and in ideology have unlocked entirely new directions for education research. At the center of this discussion is the flipped classroom. This paper presents an ongoing study on how to integrate MOOC courses with an on campus course, adopting both the flipped classroom and self directed learning paradigms. The authors created and recorded four courses, 2D CAD, 2D CAD project, 3D CAD and 3D CAD project, on Coursera, a popular MOOC platform. The instructor proposed three learning environments, the "hard classroom" "hybrid classroom" and "soft classroom" The students rated the environments for favorability in the beginning of the semester and decided whether or not they would go to the classroom during the course hours listed on the syllabus and how their learning would be facilitated. The "soft classroom" was the students' first choice, over the "hybrid classroom" and "hard classroom." Therefore, they were not required to attend the classroom physically. In addition, the students were responsible for their own pace of learning, without their learning progress being regularly checked. The instructor and teaching assistants were still available in the classroom during the course hours to interact with students. To understand how the "soft classroom" worked and helped students to learn, the authors distributed a self developed survey, followed by focus group interviews of the students to reflect students' attitudes toward classroom attendance and their learning efficacy under this innovative self regulated learning. Three rounds of surveys were conducted to examine students' changes in attitude and preferences as well as their perceptions of their learning efficiency. Based on students' self reports, the average rate of physical classroom attendance was 26% More than 60% of the students preferred this "soft classroom" learning. In addition, they reported on how efficient this course was in response to this new learning environment. The results from the three rounds of surveys and focus group interview provided evidence of the success of the current case. Students exhibited positive attitudes toward the soft classroom and achieved better learning outcomes. Besides expressing a preference for this learning paradigm, students also benefitted from its effectiveness. The soft classroom is an innovative model of teaching that utilizes educational technology and active learning to positively influence the learning environment by providing students opportunities to decide on the ways they are learning.
Structural Health Monitoring And Maintenance Aided By Building Information Modelling And Repair Information Tools

This paper discusses the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a backbone of Structural Health Monitoring and Maintenance (SHM2) The practice of SHM2 attempts to enhance the performance, serviceability and resilience of structural systems by integrating structural sensing, assessment and prognosis with decision making and implementation of maintenance and repair. A significant portion of the activity collects, stores, transmits and processes information from multiple sources, typically in heterogeneous formats. This information includes visual inspection reports, sensor data, structural configuration, design documents, repair procedures, maintenance history, and economic considerations. Managing and using these information streams usually follows an ad hoc path with a custom application for each structure. A viable alternative might be to organize the information flow into a comprehensive BIM SHM2 framework. This paper presents a two pronged approach to this end. The first prong is top down beginning with a draft Level of Detail (LOD) hierarchy beginning with low level (100) descriptions of sensor and repair designs, followed by medium level (200 300) organized representations of sensor data mapped onto BIM structural layouts, followed by higher level analysis and decision influencing representations. The second prong is a bottom up approach in which develops a BIM SHM2 framework as part of a series of examples and applications, primarily derived from field tests on bridges and buildings. Also included is a presentation of a Repair Information Decision Making (RIMD) tool for concrete structures, and initial forays integrating with BIM and SHM2.
The $l_q$ consistency of the Dantzig Selector for Cox's Proportional Hazards Model

The Dantzig selector for the proportional hazards model proposed by D.R. Cox is studied in a high dimensional and sparse setting. We prove the $l_q$ consistency for all $q \geq 1$ of some estimators based on the compatibility factor, the weak cone invertibility factor, and the restricted eigenvalue for certain deterministic matrix which approximates the Hessian matrix of log partial likelihood. Our matrix conditions for these three factors are weaker than those of previous researches.