text: facets of civilization. " summarizing the debate, paul a. delnero, professor of assyriology at johns hopkins university, remarks that " the attribution is exceptional, and against the practice of anonymous authorship during the period ; it almost certainly served to invest these compositions with an even greater authority and importance than they would have had otherwise, rather than to document historical reality ". influence and legacy enheduanna has received substantial attention in feminism. in a bbc radio 4 interview, assyriologist eleanor robson credits this to the feminist movement of the 1970s, when, two years after attending a lecture by cyrus h. gordon in 1976, american anthropologist marta weigle introduced enheduanna to an audience of feminist scholars as " the first known author in world literature " with her introductory essay " women as verbal artists : reclaiming the sisters of enheduanna ". robson says that after this publication, the " feminist image of enheduanna... as a wish fulfillment figure " really took off. rather than as a " pioneer poetess " of feminism, robson states that the picture of enheduanna from the surviving works of the 18th century bce is instead one of her as " her father's political and religious instrument ". robson also stresses that we have neither " access to what enheduanna thought or did " or " evidence that ( enheduanna ) was able to write ", but that as the high priestess and daughter of sargon of akkad, enheduanna was " probably the most privileged woman of her time ". enheduanna has also been analyzed as an early rhetorical theorist. roberta binkley finds evidence in the exaltation of inanna of invention and classical modes of persuasion. hallo, building on the work of binkley, compares the sequence of the hymn to inanna, inanna and ebih, and the exaltation of inanna to the biblical book of amos, and considers these both evidence of " the birth of rhetoric in mesopotamia. " see also adad - guppi – assyrian priestess of the moon god sin anna komnene – byzantine historian ( 1083 – 1153 ) diotima of mantinea – ancient greek woman or fictional figure in plato's symposium hypatia – alexandrian astronomer and mathematician ( died 415 ) kushim – sumerian person, c. 3400 – 3000 bc puabi – queen of ur list of female poets notes where was i "
text: , after the imprisonment of his wife, maggie moffat for suffrage activity, graham moffat formed the glasgow men's league for women's suffrage. it was intended to offer support and solidarity for the husbands and brothers of women involved in the campaign, as well as male sympathisers. many of the members were politically active and powerful men who wanted to use their influence in the campaign. in july 1913, organised by maud arncliffe sennett, a large delegation of scottish men travelled to london for an audience with the prime minister, h. h. asquith, to discuss extending the franchise to women. the request for a meeting was refused. a direct result of this failure to meet with them was that they formed the new campaigning organisation. the artist john wilson mclaren wrote a verse about the trip : we've come from the north, and the heather's on fire, to fight for the women – our only desire ; at last we've been roused thro'the treachery shown by knaves at westminster – the knaves we disown!'the inaugural meeting was held in glasgow on 11 september 1913. the founder, president, and main organiser of the july deputation was maud arncliffe sennett. she had discussed the possibility of a men's campaigning organisation on the train to the funeral of emily davison, which she attended on behalf of the actresses'franchise league. the honorary secretary of the edinburgh branch was nannie brown. branches were formed in midlothian and berwick upon tweed. activities the league had no party political loyalties, and supported all of the different suffrage groups, whether militant or constitutional. they sent petitions and resolutions to those in power, and corresponded with other organisations to rally support. they held a meeting in bridgeton in november 1913, which was addressed by maud arncliffe sennet, henry harben, jp, bailie alston and helen crawfurd, who " welcomed the nmf as a new order of chivalry : it came to fight for the oppressed and sweated women worker ". in the same month they also met in the synod hall, edinburgh, and were addressed by john cockburn, mrs cavendish bentinck, and maud arncliffe sennett. on 14 february 1914, the northern men's federation for women's suffrage was to hold a mass meeting in memorial hall, london, and the following day a trafalgar square demonstration. the'war song " titled'justice
text: rehearsal took place on 12 may, the second on 15 may and the performance in front of the jury on 17 may 2013. tyler's final performance of " believe in me " took place on 18 may during the grand final, with anthony goldsbrough ( guitar and backing vocals ), michael gazzard ( guitar and backing vocals ), hayley sanderson ( guitar and backing vocals ), kristen cummings ( keyboards and backing vocals ) and grant mugent - kershaw ( drums ). the song was staged with tyler standing by a microphone stand with her backing group before walking down the catwalk onto a rising platform. the song finished in 19th place with points from ireland ( 7 ), malta ( 5 ), spain ( 4 ), romania ( 3 ), switzerland ( 2 ), sweden ( 1 ) and slovenia ( 1 ), a total of 23 points. reaction to the eurovision results several journalists and singers have made public their views on the song and the result. irish entrant and three - time winner of eurovision johnny logan complimented tyler, but argued that the song wasn't strong enough. he continued, " if you're going to win eurovision, to go through some of the incredible voting i've noticed over the last few years, you have to have something that's going to stand out above everything else. otherwise you're just going to hope to pick up 10 or 11 votes. " similarly, nathan moore agreed that the song was not strong enough, but said " it was a great idea to get bonnie involved, there's a lot of love for bonnie out there. " mick dalley ( of yahoo! news ) agreed that " although tyler herself was on form, singing beautifully and rousing the crowd with her podiumed finale, " believe in me " was simply not good enough as a song ". 1997 uk winner katrina leskanich ( of katrina and the waves ) stated that she was underwhelmed by denmark's entry, and expected tyler to have scored higher than she did. british journalist dave goodman acknowledged that tyler's entry was an improvement on the previous year, though argued that it was a combination of a poor position in the running order and the song that kept the uk from scoring higher. during promotion for rocks and honey in france, bonnie tyler spoke out against the eurovision song contest's incidents. after being asked if she believes the contest is rigged, she replied, " i think so. " " the next day after the eurovision, the russians were complaining
text: director who works in malayalam cinema. his debut film is daivathinte swantham cleetus early life g. marthandan was born to m. s. gopalan nair and p. kamalamma at changanassery in kottayam district of kerala. he did his schooling at nss boys school changanassery and completed his bachelor's degree in economics at nss hindu college, changanassery. career after completing his bachelor's degree, marthandan entered films as an associate director with the unreleased film swarnachamaram directed by rajeevnath in 1995. his next work was british market, directed by nissar in 1998. he worked as an associate director for 18 years. he made his directional debut with daivathinte swantham cleetus in 2013, starring mammooty in the lead role. his next movie was in 2015, acha dhin, with mammooty and mansi sharma in the lead roles. daivathinte swantham cleetus and paavada were box office successes. filmography as director as associate director as actor tv serialkanyadanam ( malayalam tv series ) - pilot episode awards ramu kariat film award - paavada ( 2016 ) jci foundation award - daivathinte swantham cleetus ( 2013 ) riyad vinci wadia riyad vinci wadia ( 19 september 1967 – 30 november 2003 ) was an indian independent filmmaker from bombay, known for his short film, bomgay ( 1996 ), possibly the very first gay themed movie from india. born into the filmmaking wadia family, he inherited the production company wadia movietone which is known for the fearless nadia movies which are one of their kind in the superwoman and stunt genre when other movies of their time usually portrayed women in submissive roles. wadia is also known for his award - winning documentary on nadia, fearless : the hunterwali story ( 1993 ), which was written about in time magazine and made a name for riyad at the very outset of his brief but impactful career. personal life riyad was born in bombay to nargis and vinci wadia, son of the legendary filmmaker jbh wadia who was one of the founding fathers of stunt films and mythological films in india. the latter's production firm, wadia movietone, which riyad would later inherit, launched into the indian film industry ( later known as bollywood ) the australian actress mary evans who was known popularly
text: of the illusory nature of reality. in greek myth, maia is the mother of hermes and a goddess of mountains and fields. in 1944, back in new york city, her social circle included marcel duchamp, andre breton, john cage, and anais nin. in 1944, deren filmed the witch's cradle in peggy guggenheim's art of this century gallery with duchamp featured in the film. in the december 1946 issue of esquire magazine, a caption for her photograph teased that she " experiments with motion pictures of the subconscious, but here is finite evidence that the lady herself is infinitely photogenic. " her third husband, teiji ito, said : " maya was always a russian. in haiti she was a russian. she was always dressed up, talking, speaking many languages and being a russian. " film career deren defined cinema as an art, provided an intellectual context for film viewing, and filled a theoretical gap for the kinds of independent films that film societies were featuring. as sarah keller states, “ maya deren lays claim to the honor of being one of the most important pioneers of the american film avant - garde with a scant seventy - five or so minutes of finished films to her credit. ” deren began to screen and distribute her films in the united states, canada, and cuba, lecturing and writing on avant - garde film theory, and additionally on vodou. in february 1946 she booked the provincetown playhouse in greenwich village for a major public exhibition, titled three abandoned films, in which she showed meshes of the afternoon ( 1943 ), at land ( 1944 ) and a study in choreography for camera ( 1945 ). the event was completely sold out, inspiring amos vogel's formation of cinema 16, the most successful film society of the 1950s. in 1946, she was awarded a guggenheim fellowship for " creative work in the field of motion pictures ", and in 1947, won the grand prix international for avant - garde film at the cannes film festival for meshes of the afternoon. she then created a scholarship for experimental filmmakers, the creative film foundation. between 1952 and 1955, deren collaborated with the metropolitan opera ballet school and antony tudor to create the very eye of night. deren's background and interest in dance appears in her work, most notably in the short film a study in choreography for camera ( 1945 ). this combination of dance and film has often been referred to as " choreocinema ", a term first coined by american dance critic
text: her husband, the archduke josef august, a corps commander, was honorary colonel, and served a common soldier, wearing a saber and riding astride, until the end of the war. maria teresa, grand duchess of luxembourg maria teresa ( born maria teresa mestre y batista ; 22 march 1956 ) is the grand duchess of luxembourg as the wife of grand duke henri, who acceded to the throne in 2000. early life and education maria teresa was born on 22 march 1956 in marianao, havana, cuba, to jose antonio mestre y alvarez ( 1926 – 1993 ) and wife maria teresa batista y falla de mestre ( 1928 – 1988 ), both from bourgeois families of spanish descent. she is also the granddaughter of agustin batista y gonzalez de mendoza, who was the founder of the trust company of cuba, the most powerful cuban bank prior to the cuban revolution. in october 1959, at the time of the cuban revolution, maria teresa mestre ’ s parents left cuba with their children, because the new government headed by fidel castro confiscated their properties. the family settled in new york city, where as a young girl she was a pupil at marymount school. from 1961 she carried on her studies at the lycee francais de new york. in her childhood, maria teresa mestre took ballet and singing courses. she practices skiing, ice - skating and water sports. she later lived in santander, spain, and in geneva, switzerland, where she became a swiss citizen. in 1980, maria teresa graduated from the graduate institute of international and development studies in geneva with a degree in political sciences. while studying there, she met her future husband henri of luxembourg. social and humanitarian interests soon after her marriage, maria teresa and the then hereditary grand duke henri established the prince henri and princess maria teresa foundation to help those with special needs integrate fully into society. in 2001, she and her husband created the grand duke and grand duchess foundation, launched upon the accession of the couple as the new grand duke and duchess of luxembourg. in 2004, the grand duke henri and the grand duchess maria teresa foundation was created after the merging of the two previous foundations. in 1997, maria teresa was made a special ambassador for unesco, working to expand education for young girls and women and help to fight poverty. since 2005, maria teresa has been the chairwoman of the international jury of the european microfinance award, which annually awards holders of microfinance and inclusive finance initiatives in developing countries. also, since 2006, maria teresa
text: , and a meeting in april 1916. their activities continued until 1919. notable members and speakers cunninghame graham william graham charles mabon maud arncliffe sennett nannie brown j wilson mclaren see also men's league for women's suffrage ( united kingdom ) women's suffrage in the united kingdom budapest business journal the budapest business journal or bbj is a biweekly business magazine published in hungary. it is the largest, oldest and a leading publication in its category in the country. history and profile the bbj was launched in november 1992 as a weekly. the magazine, based in budapest, was converted into biweekly later. it was founded by a us - owned company headed by stephen a. o'connor, an american media entrepreneur. mike stone was also its founder. the publisher is absolut media kft. it was originally published by new world publishing which also published the warsaw business journal in poland and the prague business journal in czechoslovakia ( and later the czech republic ) until january 2004. as its title implies, the bbj exclusively focuses on business news and related analysis, targeting business professionals. in addition, it provides detailed industry and company information. the magazine publishes rankings of hungarian companies each year in a separate publication called the book of lists. the bbj was one of the independent publications and provided investigative reports in the late 1990s. in 2002 the bbj had a circulation of 8, 700 copies. the bbj has a website which is one of the leading business information websites in the country. as of 15 may 2013 the alexa rank of the website was 858437. see also list of magazines in hungary lydia becker lydia ernestine becker ( 24 february 1827 – 18 july 1890 ) was a leader in the early british suffrage movement, as well as an amateur scientist with interests in biology and astronomy. she established manchester as a centre for the suffrage movement and with richard pankhurst she arranged for the first woman to vote in a british election and a court case was unsuccessfully brought to exploit the precedent. becker is also remembered for founding and publishing the women's suffrage journal between 1870 and 1890. biography born in cooper street in the deansgate area of manchester, the oldest daughter of hannibal becker, whose father, ernst becker had emigrated from ohrdruf in thuringia. becker was educated at home, like many girls at the time. intellectually curious, she studied botany and astronomy from the 1850s onwards, winning a gold medal for an 1862 scholarly paper on horticulture. an uncle, rather than her
text: back into his household. after kamehameha, kekuʻiapoiwa bore a second son, keliimaikai. a few years later, keoua died in hilo, and the family moved with alapainui to an area near kawaihae, where she married a chief of the kona district ( and her uncle ) kamanawa. she had one daughter, piʻipiʻi kalanikaulihiwakama, from this second husband, who would later become an important military ally of kamehameha, who was both step son and cousin through several relationships. piʻipiʻi became first the wife of keholoikalani, the father of her son kanihonui, and later she married kaikioewa, who she had a daughter kuwahine with. : 18 kamehameha dynasty dana blankstein dana blankstein - cohen ( born march 3, 1981 ) is the executive director of the sam spiegel film and television school. she was appointed by the board of directors in november 2019. previously she was the ceo of the israeli academy of film and television. she is a film director, and an israeli culture entrepreneur. biography dana blankstein was born in switzerland in 1981 to theatre director dedi baron and professor alexander blankstein. she moved to israel in 1983 and grew up in tel aviv. blankstein graduated from the sam spiegel film and television school, jerusalem in 2008 with high honors. during her studies she worked as a personal assistant to directors savi gabizon on his film nina's tragedies and to renen schorr on his film the loners. she also directed and shot'the making of'film on gavison's film lost and found. her debut film camping competed at the berlin international film festival, 2007. film and academic career after her studies, dana founded and directed the film and television department at the kfar saba municipality. the department encouraged and promoted productions filmed in the city of kfar saba, as well as the established cultural projects, and educational community activities. blankstein directed the mini - series " tel aviviot " ( 2012 ). from 2016 - 2019 was the director of the israeli academy of film and television. in november 2019 dana blankstein cohen was appointed the new director of the sam spiegel film and television school where she also oversees the sam spiegel international film lab. in 2022, she spearheaded the launch of the new series lab and the film
text: hundred years'war, while nevertheless maintaining a truce with his brother - in - law and otherwise enemy, philip iii, duke of burgundy. both dukes were reconciled and signed an alliance by 1440. he was present at the coronation of charles vii where he fulfilled the function of a peer and conferred knighthood. despite this service, he took part in the " praguerie " ( a revolt by the french nobles against charles vii ) in 1439 – 1440. when the revolt collapsed, he was forced to beg for mercy from the king, and was stripped of some of his lands. he died on his estates at chateau de moulins in 1456. children charles and agnes had eleven children : john of bourbon ( 1426 – 1488 ), duke of bourbon marie de bourbon ( 1428 – 1448 ), married in 1444 john ii, duke of lorraine philip of bourbon ( 1430 – 1440 ), lord of beaujeu charles of bourbon ( chateau de moulins 1433 – 1488, lyon ), cardinal and archbishop of lyon and duke of bourbon isabella of bourbon ( 1434 – 1465 ), married charles, duke of burgundy peter of bourbon, ( 1438 – 1503, chateau de moulins ), duke of bourbon louis of bourbon ( 1438 – august 30, 1482, murdered ), prince - bishop of liege margaret of bourbon ( february 5, 1439 – 1483, chateau du pont - ains ), married in moulins on april 6, 1472, philip ii, duke of savoy catharine of bourbon ( liege, 1440 – may 21, 1469, nijmegen ), married on december 28, 1463, in bruges adolf ii, duke of guelders joanna of bourbon ( 1442 – 1493, brussels ), married in brussels in 1467 john ii of chalon, prince of orange james of bourbon ( 1445 – 1468, bruges ), unmarried. kaya alp kaya alp ( ottoman turkish : قایا الپ, lit.'brave rock') was, according to ottoman tradition, the son of kızıl buga or basuk and the father of suleyman shah. he was the grandfather of ertugrul ghazi, the father of the founder of the ottoman empire, osman i. he was also famously known for being the successing name of ertokus bey ’ s son kaya alp. he
text: . some of walsh's film - related material and personal papers are contained in the wesleyan university cinema archives. selected filmography miscellaneous the conqueror ( writer, 1917 ) the big trail ( story contributor, uncredited, 1930 ) captain horatio hornblower r. n. ( producer, uncredited, 1951 ) the lawless breed ( producer, uncredited, 1953 ) esther and the king ( screenplay, 1960 ) the men who made the movies : raoul walsh ( tv documentary ) himself ( 1973 ) notes logan sandler logan sandler is an american writer and director who is best known for his first feature film live cargo. early life and education sandler graduated from sftv within loyola marymount university's film school in 2011 with a b. a. in film production, and three years later, while earning an m. f. a. from afi in film directing, he developed his first feature film, live cargo. he developed the script with the late seth winston and co - writer thymaya payne. in 2015, sandler was awarded the institute's franklin j. schaffner fellow award for his short film, tracks. career sandler's senior thesis, all it will ever be premiered at the bermuda international film festival in 2012. sandler's second short film tracks screened at various festival around the world, including afi fest, marfa film fest, cambridge film festival, and the miami international film festival. the film won the lexus audience award for best short film at the miami international film festival and best actor for keith stanfield at the 24 fps international film festival. sandler's debut feature film live cargo was filmed in the bahamas, and premiered at the tribeca film festival in 2016. the film stars dree hemingway, keith stanfield, and robert wisdom. in addition to the 2016 tribeca film festival, live cargo had its european premiere at the warsaw international film festival, then went on to screen at the american film festival in poland, the sao paulo international film festival, the denver film festival, the key west film festival, the torino film festival, the bahamas international film festival, and afi fest. sandler has collaborated with stanfield on music videos, co - directing the group moors ’ single gas. the music video premiered on vice ’ s music channel noisey. ioncinema. com chose sandler as their ioncinephile of the month for april 2017, a feature that focuses on an emerging filmmaker from the world of cinema. when asked about his favorite films of his formative years sandler
text: 803 ), a sketch for a " grand symphony, " and in the summer went back to zseliz. there he became attracted to hungarian musical idiom and wrote the divertissement a la hongroise in g minor for piano duet ( d. 818 ) and the string quartet in a minor rosamunde ( d. 804 ). it has been said that he held a hopeless passion for his pupil, the countess caroline esterhazy, but the only work that bears a dedication to her is his fantasia in f minor for piano duet ( d. 940 ). this dedication, however, can only be found in the first edition and not in schubert's autograph. his friend eduard von bauernfeld penned the following verse, which appears to reference schubert's unrequited sentiments : the setbacks of previous years were compensated by the prosperity and happiness of 1825. publication had been moving more rapidly, the stress of poverty was for a time lightened, and in the summer he had a pleasant holiday in upper austria where he was welcomed with enthusiasm. it was during this tour that he produced the seven - song cycle fraulein am see, based on walter scott's the lady of the lake, and including " ellens gesang iii " ( " hymn to the virgin " ) ( d. 839, op. 52, no. 6 ) ; the lyrics of adam storck's german translation of the scott poem are now frequently replaced by the full text of the traditional roman catholic prayer hail mary ( ave maria in latin ), but for which the schubert melody is not an original setting. the original only opens with the greeting " ave maria ", which also recurs only in the refrain. in 1825, schubert also wrote the piano sonata in a minor ( d 845, first published as op. 42 ), and began the symphony in c major ( great c major, d. 944 ), which was completed the following year. from 1826 to 1828, schubert resided continuously in vienna, except for a brief visit to graz, austria, in 1827. in 1826, he dedicated a symphony ( d. 944, that later came to be known as the great c major ) to the gesellschaft der musikfreunde and received an honorarium in return. the string quartet no. 14 in d minor ( d. 810 ), with the variations on death and the maiden, was written during the winter of 1825 – 1826, and first played on 25 january
text: of the order of the white rose of finland ( 17 september 2018 ) iceland : grand cross of the order of the falcon ( 16 june 2019 ) italy : grand cross of the order of merit of the italian republic ( 17 september 2019 ) latvia : commander grand cross of the order of the three stars ( 19 february 2019 ) netherlands : dame grand cross of the order of the crown ( 5 july 2021 ) spain : dame grand cross of the order of isabella the catholic ( 11 october 2022 ) sweden : commander grand cross of the royal order of the polar star ( 7 september 2021 ) everybody's magazine everybody's magazine was an american magazine published from 1899 to 1929. the magazine was headquartered in new york city. history and profile the magazine was founded by philadelphia merchant john wanamaker in 1899, though he had little role in its actual operations. initially, the magazine published a combination of non - fiction articles and new fiction stories. by 1926, the magazine had become a pulp fiction magazine and in 1929 it merged with romance magazine. in 1903, it had a circulation of 150, 000, and wanamaker sold the magazine for $ 75, 000 to a group headed by erman jesse ridgway. a series of muckraking articles called " frenzied finance " in 1904 boosted circulation to well over 500, 000, and it stayed above the half million mark for many years. during america's involvement in world war i, circulation declined below 300, 000. by the late 1920s, it had declined to about 50, 000. beginning in 1915, the magazine began referring to itself simply as everybody's. writers who appeared in it include jack london, talbot mundy, victor rousseau, o. henry, a. a. milne ( milne's novel the red house mystery was serialised in the magazine from august to december 1921 as the red house murder ) hugh pendexter, eleanor hoyt brainerd, raoul whitfield and dornford yates. the last issue of everybody's magazine was published in march 1929. in 1931, publisher alfred a. cohen purchased everybody's magazine from the butterick publishing company and attempted to revive it with f. orlin tremaine as editor. no known issues were produced and the magazine was soon declared discontinued. gallery northern men's league for women's suffrage the northern men's federation for women's suffrage was an organisation which was active in scotland during the later part of the campaign for women's suffrage. formation in 1907
text: ##d. 2, frankfurt a. m. 1993 : 179 - 186. oliver, roland & anthony atmore ( 2005 ). africa since 1800, fifth edition. cambridge : cambridge university press. isbn 0 - 521 - 83615 - 8. palmer, herbert richmond, the bornu sahara and sudan ( london : john murray, 1936 ). taher, mohamed ( 1997 ). encyclopedic survey of islamic dynasties a continuing series. new delhi : anmol publications pvt. ltd. isbn 81 - 261 - 0403 - 1. external links kanuri studies association muhammad al - nasir muhammad al - nasir ( arabic : الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, al - nasir li - din allah muhammad ibn al - mansur, c. 1182 – 1213 ) was the fourth almohad caliph from 1199 until his death. contemporary christians referred to him as miramamolin. on 25 january 1199, al - nasir's father abu yusuf yaqub al - mansur died ; al - nasir was proclaimed the new caliph that very day. al - nasir inherited from his father an empire that was showing signs of instability. because of his father's victories against the christians in the iberian peninsula ( al - andalus ), he was temporarily relieved from serious threats on that front and able to concentrate on combating and defeating banu ghaniya attempts to seize ifriqiya ( tunisia ). needing, after this, to deal with problems elsewhere in the empire, he appointed abu mohammed ibn abi hafs as governor of ifriqiya, so unwittingly inaugurating the rule of the hafsid dynasty there, which lasted until 1574. dynasty and iberian presence he now had to turn his attention back to iberia, to deal with a crusade proclaimed by pope innocent iii at the request of king alfonso viii of castile. this resulted in his defeat by a christian coalition at the battle of las navas de tolosa ( 1212 ). he died the following year, and was succeeded by his young son yusuf al - mustansir, born of christian slave qamar. relationship with king john of england in the early 13th century, john, king of england was under pressure after a quarrel with pope innocent iii led to england being placed under an interdict, by which all forms of worship and other religious practices
text: parents, encouraged this interest. five years later, she founded the ladies'literary society in manchester. she began a correspondence with charles darwin and soon afterwards convinced him to send a paper to the society. in the course of their correspondence, becker sent a number of plant samples to darwin from the fields surrounding manchester. she also forwarded darwin a copy of her " little book ", botany for novices ( 1864 ). becker is one of a number of 19th - century women who contributed, often routinely, to darwin's scientific work. her correspondence and work alike suggest that becker had a particular interest in bisexual and hermaphroditic plants which, perhaps, offered her powerful'natural'evidence of radical, alternative sexual and social order. she was also recognised for her own scientific contributions, being awarded a national prize in the 1860s for a collection of dried plants prepared using a method that she had devised so that they retained their original colours. she gave a botanical paper to the biology section ( d ) at the 1868 meeting of the british association about the effect of fungal infection on sexual development in a plant species. botany remained important to her, but her work for women's suffrage took over the central role in her life. her involvement in promoting and encouraging scientific education for girls and women brought these two aspects together. role in women's suffrage in autumn 1866 becker attended the annual meeting of the national association for the advancement of social science, where she was excited by a paper from barbara bodichon entitled " reasons for the enfranchisement of women ". she dedicated herself to organising around the issue, and in january 1867 convened the first meeting of the manchester women's suffrage committee, one of the first organisations of its kind in england. she got to know there dr. richard pankhurst, known as'the red doctor'whom becker described as'a very clever little man with some extraordinary sentiments about life in general and women in particular '. he married emmeline in 1879. several months later, a widowed shop owner, lilly maxwell, mistakenly appeared on the register of voters in manchester. she was not the first but she was a good opportunity for publicity. becker visited maxwell and escorted her to the polling station. the returning officer found maxwell's name on the list and allowed her to vote. becker immediately began encouraging other women heads of households in the region to petition for their names to appear on the rolls. their claims were presented in court by sir john coleridge and richard pankhurst in chorlton v.
text: lings, but the case was dismissed. on 14 april 1868, the first public meeting of the national society for women's suffrage was held in the free trade hall in manchester. the three main speakers were agnes pochin, anne robinson and becker. the meeting was presided over by priscilla bright mclaren. becker moved the resolution that women should be granted voting rights on the same terms as men. becker subsequently commenced a lecture tour of northern cities on behalf of the society. in june 1869, becker and fellow campaigners were successful in securing the vote for women in municipal elections. having campaigned for the inclusion of women on school boards, in 1870 she was one of four women elected to the manchester school board on which she served until her death. in the same year becker and her friend jessie boucherett founded the women's suffrage journal and soon afterward began organising speaking tours of women – a rarity in britain at the time. at an 1874 speaking event in manchester organised by becker, fifteen - year - old emmeline pankhurst experienced her first public gathering in the name of women's suffrage. on 24 march 1877 lydia appeared at a public meeting alongside j. w white, henry birchenough, alice cliff scatcherd ( subsequently one of the co - founders of the women's franchise league ) and other early suffragists to discuss women's access to the vote in macclesfield. the journal was the most popular publication relating to women's suffrage in 19th - century britain. roger fulford, in his study of the movement votes for women : the story of a struggle, writes : " the history of the decades from 1860 to 1890 – so far as women's suffrage is concerned – is the history of miss becker. " the journal published speeches from around the country, both within and outside of parliament. becker published her correspondence with her supporters and her opponents, notably in 1870, when she chastised the mp for caernarvonshire after he voted against a proposal offering women the vote. in 1880, becker and co - workers campaigned in the isle of man for the right of women to vote in the house of keys elections. unexpectedly, they were successful and they secured for women voting rights in the isle of man for the first time in the elections of march 1881. becker became the chair of the central committee of the national society for women's suffrage. this organisation had been formed in 1871 to lobby parliament. other committee members included helen blackburn, millicent fawcett, jessie bo
text: christophe. early life marie - louise was born into a free black family ; her father was the owner of hotel de la couronne, cap - haitien. henri christophe was a slave purchased by her father. supposedly, he earned enough money in tips from his duties at the hotel that he was able to purchase his freedom before the haitian revolution. they married in cap - haitien in 1793, having had a relationship with him from the year prior. they had four children : francois ferdinand ( born 1794 ), francoise - amethyste ( d. 1831 ), athenais ( d. 1839 ) and victor - henri. at her spouse's new position in 1798, she moved to the sans - souci palace. during the french invasion, she and her children lived underground until 1803. queen in 1811, marie - louise was given the title of queen upon the creation of the kingdom of haiti. her new status gave her ceremonial tasks to perform, ladies - in - waiting, a secretary and her own court. she took her position seriously, and stated that the title " given to her by the nation " also gave her responsibilities and duties to perform. she served as the hostess of the ceremonial royal court life performed at the sans - souci palace. she did not involve herself in the affairs of state. she was given the position of regent should her son succeed her spouse while still being a minor. however, as her son became of age before the death of his father, this was never to materialize. after the death of the king in 1820, she remained with her daughters amethyste and athenais at the palace until they were escorted from it by his followers together with his corpse ; after their departure, the palace was attacked and plundered. marie - louise and her daughters were given the property lambert outside cap. she was visited by president jean pierre boyer, who offered her his protection ; he denied the spurs of gold she gave him, stating that he was the leader of poor people. they were allowed to settle in port - au - prince. marie - louise was described as calm and resigned, but her daughters, especially athenais, were described as vengeful. exile the queen was in exile for 30 years. in august 1821, the former queen left haiti with her daughters under the protection of the british admiral sir home popham, and travelled to london. there were rumours that she was searching for the money, three million, deposited by her spouse in europe. whatever the case, she did live
text: ##ucherett, eva mclaren, margaret bright lucas, priscilla bright mclaren and frances power cobbe. becker differed from many early feminists in her disputation of essentialised femininity. arguing there was no natural difference between the intellect of men and women, becker was a vocal advocate of a non - gendered education system in britain. she also differed with many suffrage activists in arguing more strenuously for the voting rights of unmarried women. women connected to husbands and stable sources of income, becker believed, were less desperately in need of the vote than widows and single women. this attitude made her the target of frequent ridicule in newspaper commentary and editorial cartoons. death and legacy in 1890 becker visited the spa town of aix - les - bains, where she fell ill and died of diphtheria, aged 63. rather than continue publishing in her absence, the staff of the women's suffrage journal decided to cease production. memorials a book collection by women, with books from helen blackburn's collection, her friends and from second hand sources, was placed in two bookcases decorated with paintings of becker and caroline ashurst biggs, who had been chairs of the central committee of the national society for women's suffrage before blackburn. these bookcases were given to girton college and are extant. becker's name is listed on the south face of the reformers memorial in kensal green cemetery in london. her name is also listed on her father's gravestone ( hannibal becker ) in the churchyard of the parish church of st james, altham in lancashire. a plaque commemorating her life is situated adjacent to the moorfield colliery memorial on burnley road, altham, ( a678 ) at the junction with moorfield way. becker's name and image, alongside those of 58 other women's suffrage supporters, are etched on the plinth of the statue of millicent fawcett in parliament square, london. in paris, france, a street is named after her, the allee lydia - becker ( lydia becker lane ), near montmartre, close to the rue eva - kotchever. in chadderton, oldham, united kingdom, a street is named after her, lydia becker way. works botany for novices ( 1864 ) " female suffrage " in the contemporary review ( 1867 ) " is there any specific distinction between male and female intellect? " in englishwoman's review of social and industrial questions ( 1868 ) " on the study of science by women "
text: ) notes external links official site women's suffrage journal the women's suffrage journal was a magazine founded by lydia becker and jessie boucherett in 1870. initially titled the manchester national society for women's suffrage journal within a year its title was changed reflecting becker's desire to extend its influence beyond " manchester's radical liberal elite ". it carried news of events affecting all areas of women's lives, and particularly focused on features that demonstrated the breadth of support among the general population for women's suffrage in the united kingdom. it also frequently published guidance on how to prepare a petition to be presented to the house of commons. publication ceased in 1890 following becker's death. the final edition contained this note : for twenty years and four months this journal has received the impress of one hand and one mind, so that its long row of volumes forms one continuous work, and now when that careful hand is laid low and the energies of that far - seeing mind are carried beyond our mortal ken, it would seem the most fitting course to close these pages where miss becker left them. see also list of suffragists and suffragettes list of women's rights activists timeline of women's suffrage women's suffrage lip ( magazine ) lip, a feminist arts journal, or just lip, was an australian interdisciplinary feminist art journal, published between 1976 and 1984. it was the first of its kind in australia. the magazine was founded by suzanne spunner, who had been involved in the organising of the international women's film festival in 1975. the magazine was self - published by a feminist collective during the era of the women's liberation movement, and its content included a very wide range of feminist positions and interdisciplinary art forms, in addition to work that connected the local scene to a more international network. the magazine was based in carlton, victoria. the lip collective also organised art shows, curated critical essays, and additionally published the earthworks poster collective, the women ’ s theatre group and the women ’ s film group. in 2013 vivian ziherl published an anthology of lip articles. american monthly american monthly magazine was the original official monthly magazine published by the national society of the daughters of the american revolution ( nsdar ). the magazine was published between 1892 and 2001. history and profile the magazine was established in 1892 with the name the american monthly. the headquarters of the magazine was in washington dc. in 1913 it was renamed as daughters of the american revolution magazine. later titles were daughters of the american revolution magazine, and the national
text: historical magazine. in 2001, the nsdar split the content into two magazines, a new periodical called american spirit, containing " articles pertaining to american history, historic preservation, patriotism, genealogy and education ", and daughters of the american revolution newsletter, a newsletter covering members'concerns from national headquarters. ellen hardin walworth, one of the original four founders of the dar, was the initial editor of the magazine. she was the periodical's editor from the spring of 1892 until july 1894. catharine hitchcock tilden avery later served in that role. everybody's magazine everybody's magazine was an american magazine published from 1899 to 1929. the magazine was headquartered in new york city. history and profile the magazine was founded by philadelphia merchant john wanamaker in 1899, though he had little role in its actual operations. initially, the magazine published a combination of non - fiction articles and new fiction stories. by 1926, the magazine had become a pulp fiction magazine and in 1929 it merged with romance magazine. in 1903, it had a circulation of 150, 000, and wanamaker sold the magazine for $ 75, 000 to a group headed by erman jesse ridgway. a series of muckraking articles called " frenzied finance " in 1904 boosted circulation to well over 500, 000, and it stayed above the half million mark for many years. during america's involvement in world war i, circulation declined below 300, 000. by the late 1920s, it had declined to about 50, 000. beginning in 1915, the magazine began referring to itself simply as everybody's. writers who appeared in it include jack london, talbot mundy, victor rousseau, o. henry, a. a. milne ( milne's novel the red house mystery was serialised in the magazine from august to december 1921 as the red house murder ) hugh pendexter, eleanor hoyt brainerd, raoul whitfield and dornford yates. the last issue of everybody's magazine was published in march 1929. in 1931, publisher alfred a. cohen purchased everybody's magazine from the butterick publishing company and attempted to revive it with f. orlin tremaine as editor. no known issues were produced and the magazine was soon declared discontinued. gallery isabella of valois, duchess of bourbon isabella of valois ( 1313 – 26 july 1383 ) was a duchess of bourbon by marriage to peter i, duke of bourbon. she was the daughter of charles of valois by his third wife
text: in the contemporary review ( 1869 ) " the political disabilities of women " in the westminster review ( 1872 ) archives the archives of lydia becker are held at the women's library at the library of the london school of economics. lydia becker institute of immunology and inflammation in 2018 the lydia becker institute of immunology and inflammation was launched at the university of manchester. the institute is home to internationally renowned immunology and inflammation expertise in a vast array of basic and applied disciplines. the institute is named after lydia becker because she was a celebrated natural scientist who conversed with charles darwin and because she strongly believed that women were intellectually equal to men and deserved the same opportunities. notes upraw – uk student magazine upraw magazine was a national uk student magazine distributed through various university - related sites, student unions and selected blackwell bookstores from 2001 - 2002. the magazine was based in bournemouth. the magazine was a full colour glossy publication and four issues were released. the cover and interviews stars included the bbc radio 1 disc jockeys'dream team ', the rnb act'artful dodger'and acting legend robert de niro. the magazine was a mix of student related current affairs and mostly humour based articles. the magazine proved very popular in smaller cities but was less successful in bigger cities where local student publications were more dominant. the magazine was also criticised in some quarters for not having enough of a political agenda and not advancing student issues. the magazine was established by suzanne miller who had previously edited the magazine fasttimes. the magazine was co - edited by nimalan nades ( also known by his real name nimalan nadesalingam ) who had previously edited a local student magazine in lincoln, england and who had also been a published as a writer for fasttime. many of the upraw writers were also lincoln based and included james copper who had co - edited a local student magazine with nimalan nades previously. another contributor was jon kirk who then went on to establish chalk, a rock - climbing magazine. mostar ( magazine ) mostar is a monthly magazine of culture and current affairs. it began publishing in march 2005. its name originates from the stari most in bosnia - herzegovina. content of magazine file subjects awards on january 1, 2010, mostar has been awarded as " magazine of the year " by writers union of turkey. on april 12, 2012, mostar has won the reward of " magazine of the year " from international association of islamic world journalist and authors ( ulgayad

Question: Which magazine was established first, Women'S Suffrage Journal or Mostar (Magazine)?
Answer: Women'S Suffrage Journal