text: state of tamil nadu, vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in economics from the university of delhi and in public administration from harvard university. he died on 25 july 2010. the government of india honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of padma shri, the fourth highest indian civilian award. the first recipients of the bharat ratna were politician c. rajagopalachari, philosopher sarvepalli radhakrishnan, and scientist c. v. raman, who were honoured in 1954. since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. the original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in january 1955 to permit them. former prime minister lal bahadur shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. in 2014, cricketer sachin tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient ; while social reformer dhondo keshav karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. though usually conferred on india - born citizens, the bharat ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, mother teresa, and to two non - indians, pakistan national khan abdul ghaffar khan and former south african president nelson mandela. on 24 december 2014, the indian government announced the award to independence activist madan mohan malaviya ( posthumously ) and former prime minister atal bihari vajpayee. the first recipient was rohini hattangadi, who was honoured at the 32nd national film awards for her performance in the hindi film party ( 1984 ). as of 2017, two actresses - - surekha sikri and k. p. a. c. lalitha - - have been honoured twice. sikri was awarded for the hindi films tamas ( 1987 ) and mammo ( 1994 ), while lalitha won the awards for her work in the malayalam films amaram ( 1990 ) and shantham ( 2000 ). egyptian actress aida el - kashef, who was honoured at the 61st national film awards for her performances in the english - hindi film ship of theseus ( 2013 ) is the only non - indian actress to win the award. at the 47th national film awards, the award was tied between sudipta chakraborty and sohini sengupta, winning for their roles in the bengali films bariwali ( 2000 ) and paromitar ek din ( 2000 ), respectively. konkona sen sharma, sharmila tagore and kangana rana
text: the allegheny river. the bridge sits just downstream from the confluence of oil creek and the allegheny river. the 1995 structure carries two lanes of u. s. route 62 and was built during a decade of major refurbishments of upper allegheny crossings. previously, a 1910 truss bridge stood on the site ; this structure replaced an earlier wooden bridge. the konrad adenauer bridge ( in german : konrad - adenauer - brucke ) is one of two road bridges crossing the rhine between the german cities of mannheim and ludwigshafen am rhein. the other bridge is the kurt schumacher bridge. the napan river in canada is a tributary of the miramichi river in new brunswick, canada. the river rises several kilometres southwest of chatham in central northumberland county and flows northeast into the miramichi river at napan bay. four bridges cross the river at various points : at hannah lane, highway 11, johnston lane, and highway 117. there was also once a crossing at white lane. at one time, these bridges were covered, although all have been upgraded to steel and concrete structures. the marquette – joliet bridge is a bridge crossing the mississippi river, connecting marquette, iowa and prairie du chien, wisconsin. local residents refer to the bridge as the prairie bridge or the marquette bridge ; both terms are used equally. the burt henry covered bridge, also known as the henry covered bridge or just the henry bridge, is a covered bridge that spans the walloomsac river near bennington, vermont. a town lattice truss bridge, it carries river road, just south of the village of north bennington. originally built about 1840, it was listed on the national register of historic places in 1973 as bennington county's oldest covered bridge. it was rebuilt in 1989 by the vermont agency of transportation. the warren covered bridge is a wooden covered bridge that crosses the mad river in warren, vermont on covered bridge road. it was listed on the national register of historic places in 1974. the port of melbourne is australia's busiest port for containerised and general cargo. it is located in melbourne, victoria, and covers an area at the mouth of the yarra river, downstream of bolte bridge, which is at the head of port phillip, as well as several piers on the bay itself. since 1 july 2003, the port of melbourne has been managed by the port of melbourne corporation, a statutory corporation created by the state of victoria. crum creek ( from the dutch, meaning " crooked creek " ) is a creek in delaware county and chester
text: highest indian civilian award of padma shri. he died on 10 july 2010, falling to a cardiac arrest. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. upon independence in august 1947, the title of viceroy was abolished. the representative of the british sovereign became known once again as the governor - general. c. rajagopalachari became the only indian governor - general. however, once india acquired independence, the governor - general's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the indian cabinet. after the nation became a republic in 1950, the president of india continued to perform the same functions. ashok kumar mago is an indian born american business person and the founder chairman of greater dallas indo american chamber, now known as ( us - india chamber of commerce ) who is known for his involvement of the senate india caucus. he was awarded the padma shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. milkha singh ( birthdate, 8th oct 1935 ), also known as the flying sikh, is an indian former track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the indian army. he was the only indian athlete to win an individual athletics gold medal at a commonwealth games until krishna poonia won the discus gold medal at the 2010 commonwealth games. he also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 asian games. he represented india in the 1956 summer olympics in melbourne, the 1960 summer olympics in rome and the 1964 summer olympics in tokyo. he was awarded the padma shri, india's fourth - highest civilian
text: now known as ( us - india chamber of commerce ) who is known for his involvement of the senate india caucus. he was awarded the padma shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. the bharat ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. it is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. on conferment of the award, the recipient receives a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a medallion. on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. r. vasudevan was an indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the prime minister of india ( rajiv gandhi ), as also secretary, ministry of steel and ministry of power, government of india. born in the south indian state of tamil nadu, vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in economics from the university of delhi and in public administration from harvard university. he died on 25 july 2010. the government of india honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of padma shri, the fourth highest indian civilian award. a. p. j. abdul kalam 11th president of india in office 25 july 2002 - - 25 july 2007 prime minister atal bihar
text: stewie. he also has a dog named brian, with whom he is best friends. he has worked at a toy factory, and at quahog's brewery. despite the suburban blue - collar routine of his life, he has had a number of remarkable experiences. david william sims ( born september 17, 1963 in austin, texas ) is an american musician, best known as the bass guitarist of the bands scratch acid ( with whom he initially played guitar ), rapeman, and the jesus lizard. he has also recorded or performed with sparklehorse, rhys chatham, shivaree, pigface, flour, and others. sims currently performs experimental solo electric bass as unfact. vanessa hudgens as kailani laguatan gabato's daughter whom sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team. paul chomnycky was born in vancouver, canada, the son of a ukrainian - immigrant father and canadian - born mother ( both of whom died in 1996 ) and graduated from the university of british columbia with a bachelor's degree in commerce in 1980. after working as an accountant for two years, he entered the novitate of the order of st. basil the great, working in the basilian monastery in new york. matthieu chedid was born in boulogne - billancourt, hauts - de - seine, france, the son of french singer louis chedid, and the grandson of the egyptian - born french writer and poet of lebanese descent andree chedid who has written lyrics for him. his sister is the music video and concert director emilie chedid. rosalie loveling was born in nevele, belgium, and was the older sister of virginie loveling, also an author, with whom she co - wrote part of her oeuvre. after the death of their father herman loveling, the family moved to ghent where the sisters moved in circles of french - speaking, mainly anti - clerical intelligentsia before eventually returning to nevele. m. suryanarayan ( 1930 - - 2010 ) was an indian first - class cricketer who was born on february 1, 1930 during madras presidency. m. suryanarayan is the first son of m. baliah naidu and the grandson of buchi babu naidu who is also known as the'father of south indian cricket'the doyen of madras cricket. he was also a member of the first ranji trophy triumph team of tamilnad
text: . joseph's college, tiruchirappalli madras institute of technology profession aerospace scientist professor author awards bharat ratna ( 1997 ) hoover medal ( 2009 ) nss von braun award ( 2013 ) notable work ( s ) wings of fire signature website abdulkalam. com on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. vikram ambalal sarabhai ( 12 august 1919 - - 30 december 1971 ) was an indian scientist and innovator widely regarded as the father of india's space programme. sarabhai received the shanti swarup bhatnagar medal in 1962. the nation honoured him awarding padma bhushan in 1966 and padma vibhushan ( posthumously ) in 1972. president of the republic of india state emblem of india flag of india incumbent ram nath kovind since 25 july 2017 style honourable ( within india ) his / her excellency ( outside india ) residence rashtrapati bhavan appointer the electoral college of india term length five years. no term limits are imposed on the office. inaugural holder rajendra prasad 26 january 1950 formation the constitution of india january 26, 1950 ; 67 years ago ( 1950 - 01 - 26 ) deputy vice president of india salary ₹150, 000 ( us $ 2, 300 ) ( per month ) website president of india the juno awards are named in honour of pierre juneau, the first president of the canadian radio - television and telecommunications commission ( crtc ) and former president of the canadian broadcasting corporation ( cbc ). there is no formal provision that recipients of the bharat ratna should be indian citizens. it has been awarded to a naturalised indian citizen, mother teresa in 1980, and to two non - indians, khan abdul ghaffar khan of pakistan in 1987 and the former south african president nelson mandela in 1990. sachin tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first athlete to receive the honour. in a special ceremony on 18 april 1958, dhondo keshav karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. as of 2015, the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations. grant's first stand is the debut album by american jazz guitarist grant green featuring performances by green recorded and released on the blue note label in 1961. earlier recordings made by green for blue note were released as " first session " in 2001. actress
text: ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : al is the entry for albania in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : jm is the entry for jamaica in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : ga is the entry for gabon in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : ch is the entry for switzerland in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : in is the entry for india in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : dm is the entry for dominica in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1. iso 3166 - 2 : ad is the entry for andorra in iso 3166 - 2, part of the iso 3166 standard published by the international organization for standardization ( iso ), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions ( e. g., provinces or states ) of all countries coded in iso 3166 - 1
text: it won the golden bear. the film is set in rebibbia prison ( suburb of rome ), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of " julius caesar ". ferdinand leitner ( 4 march 1912 in berlin – 3 june 1996 in zurich ) was a german conductor. leitner studied under franz schreker, julius pruwer, artur schnabel and karl muck. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` and you, brutus?'', made famous by its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is uttered by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. the latin expression first occurs in elizabethan literary texts. the quotation is widely used in the english - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend. julia the younger was not a member of the julian gens by birth : being the daughter of marcus vipsanius agrippa made her a " vipsania agrippina " by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name was ever used for her. she came to belong to the household of the julio - claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather augustus. further, augustus adopted tiberius as his son ( and heir ), while tiberius was remarried to julia the elder. augustus became something of a " paternal " grandfather to julia the elder's children, too, including julia the younger. a " formal " adoption " in the family of the caesars " among the offspring of agrippa and julia the elder is however only recorded regarding vipsania julia's brothers gaius vipsanius agrippa — hence gaius julius caesar — and lucius vipsanius agrippa — hence lucius julius caesar. her younger sister agrippina the elder and youngest full brother, marcus vipsanius agrippa postumus, were named after their natural father only until agrippa postumus was adopted by augustus as " marcus julius caesar agrippa postumus ". likewise, her eldest half - sisters, vipsania agrippina and vipsania marcella, were named after their father. her younger half - brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed " tiberillus, " after his father tiberius, and died young. during his term as praetor
text: - - 1996 → swansea city ( loan ) 9 ( 1 ) 2001 - - 2014 chelsea 429 ( 147 ) 2014 - - 2015 manchester city 32 ( 6 ) 2015 - - 2016 new york city 29 ( 15 ) total 647 ( 193 ) national team 1997 - - 2000 england u21 19 ( 9 ) 1998 england b ( 0 ) 1999 - - 2014 england 106 ( 29 ) teams managed 2018 - - derby county * senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only samuel john small ( 15 may 1912 – 19 december 1993 ) was an english footballer who played as a centre - forward in the football league for birmingham, west ham united and brighton & hove albion. silvio vella ( born 8 february 1967 in toronto ) was a professional footballer who played for rabat ajax and hibernians as a defender. he is currently the head coach of rabat ajax. sten hugo ziegler ( born 30 may 1950 in copenhagen ) is a danish former football player who played for hvidovre if in denmark and roda jc and ajax in the netherlands. he played 25 games and scored one goal for the danish national team from 1971 to 1981, and represented denmark at the 1972 summer olympics football tournament. bang bang! is a 2014 indian action comedy film, directed by siddharth anand, written by abbas tyrewala and sujoy ghosh, and produced by fox star studios. the film is an official remake of the 2010 hollywood film " knight and day ", and features hrithik roshan and katrina kaif, in the lead roles performed by tom cruise and cameron diaz, respectively, in the original. the main antagonist of the film is danny denzongpa. the film was distributed and marketed by fox star studios in collaboration with fox international productions worldwide. bang bang you're dead is a 2002 american crime thriller drama film starring tom cavanagh and ben foster. it is based on the play of the same name by william mastrosimone. the film was first screened publicly at the seattle international film festival in june 2002. bang bang rock & roll is the debut studio album by british rock band art brut. it was re - released in 2006 with bonus cd. kevin sussman ( born december 4, 1970 ) is an american actor. he is known for playing stuart bloom on the cbs sitcom the big bang theory and walter on the abc comedy - drama ugly betty. starting with the sixth season of the big bang theory, he was promoted to a series regular. " un jour, un en
text: pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. upon independence in august 1947, the title of viceroy was abolished. the representative of the british sovereign became known once again as the governor - general. c. rajagopalachari became the only indian governor - general. however, once india acquired independence, the governor - general's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the indian cabinet. after the nation became a republic in 1950, the president of india continued to perform the same functions. ashok kumar mago is an indian born american business person and the founder chairman of greater dallas indo american chamber, now known as ( us - india chamber of commerce ) who is known for his involvement of the senate india caucus. he was awarded the padma shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. milkha singh ( birthdate, 8th oct 1935 ), also known as the flying sikh, is an indian former track and field sprinter who was introduced to the sport while serving in the indian army. he was the only indian athlete to win an individual athletics gold medal at a commonwealth games until krishna poonia won the discus gold medal at the 2010 commonwealth games. he also won gold medals in the 1958 and 1962 asian games. he represented india in the 1956 summer olympics in melbourne, the 1960 summer olympics in rome and the 1964 summer olympics in tokyo. he was awarded the padma shri, india's fourth - highest civilian honour, in recognition of his sporting achievements. kota shivaram karanth ( 10 october 1902 – 9 december 1997 ) was an indian poly
text: ' s image as the " patron of the arts " with his own image as the handsome, sporting, " golden boy. " maria maddalena de'medici ( 29 june 1600 – 28 december 1633 ) was a tuscan princess, the eighth daughter of ferdinando i and christina of lorraine, making her the sister of cosimo ii. mother with a child and a chambermaid ( 1665 - 1668 ) is an oil on canvas painting by the dutch painter pieter de hooch, it is an example of dutch golden age painting and is part of the collection of the amsterdam museum. nannina de'medici ( 14 february 1448 – 14 may 1493 ), born lucrezia de'medici, was the second daughter of piero di cosimo de'medici and lucrezia tornabuoni. she was thus the elder sister of lorenzo de'medici. she married bernardo rucellai. her father's name was piero, so she is sometimes known as lucrezia di piero de'medici. margherita de'medici ( 31 may 1612 – 6 february 1679 ) was duchess of parma and piacenza by her marriage to odoardo farnese, duke of parma. margherita was regent of piacenza in 1635, and regent of the entire duchy from 1646 until 1648 during the minority of her son. the age of the medici, originally released in italy as l'eta di cosimo de medici ( " the age of cosimo de medici " ), is a 1973 3 - part tv series about the renaissance in florence, directed by roberto rossellini. the series was shot in english in the hope of securing a north american release, which it failed to achieve, and was later dubbed into italian and shown on state television. the films are : " cosimo de medici ", " the power of cosimo " and " leon battista alberti : humanism ". it is fred ward's debut role. don pietro de'medici ( 3 june 1554 – 25 april 1604 ) was the youngest son of cosimo i de'medici, grand duke of tuscany and eleonora di toledo. the hotel de soissons was a " hotel particulier " ( grand house ) built in paris, france, between 1574 and 1584 for catherine de'medici ( 1519 – 89 ) by the architect jean bullant ( 1515 – 78 ). gian giacomo medici was the brother of giovanni
text: shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. the bharat ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. it is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. on conferment of the award, the recipient receives a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a medallion. on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. r. vasudevan was an indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the prime minister of india ( rajiv gandhi ), as also secretary, ministry of steel and ministry of power, government of india. born in the south indian state of tamil nadu, vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in economics from the university of delhi and in public administration from harvard university. he died on 25 july 2010. the government of india honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of padma shri, the fourth highest indian civilian award. a. p. j. abdul kalam 11th president of india in office 25 july 2002 - - 25 july 2007 prime minister atal bihari vajpayee manmohan singh vice president krishan kant bhairon singh shekhawat preceded by k. r.
text: gold medal - - the highest civilian award of the united states. it recognizes those people who have made ` ` an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the united states, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors''. the award is not limited to u. s. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform. ashok kumar mago is an indian born american business person and the founder chairman of greater dallas indo american chamber, now known as ( us - india chamber of commerce ) who is known for his involvement of the senate india caucus. he was awarded the padma shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. the bharat ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. it is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. on conferment of the award, the recipient receives a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a medallion. on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. r. vasudevan was an indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the prime minister of india ( rajiv gandhi ), as also secretary, ministry of steel
text: civilian award. the presidential medal of freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the united states and is - - along with the comparable congressional gold medal - - the highest civilian award of the united states. it recognizes those people who have made ` ` an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the united states, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors''. the award is not limited to u. s. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform. ashok kumar mago is an indian born american business person and the founder chairman of greater dallas indo american chamber, now known as ( us - india chamber of commerce ) who is known for his involvement of the senate india caucus. he was awarded the padma shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. the bharat ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. it is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. on conferment of the award, the recipient receives a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a medallion. on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. r. vasudevan was an
text: season and for her appearances in shows such as house of lies, married, parks and recreation, bob's burgers, hello ladies, kroll show, and girls. charles " chuck " green ( november 6, 1919 – march 7, 1997 ) was an american tap dancer. green was born in fitzgerald, georgia. he would stick bottle caps on his bare feet as a child and tap dance on the sidewalk for money. he won third place in a dance contest in 1925 in which noble sissle was the bandleader. soon green would be touring the south tap dancing. bowling green plateau ( ) is a small but prominent ice - covered plateau at the north side of the brown hills in the cook mountains in antarctica it was named by the victoria university of wellington antarctic expedition ( vuwae ) ( 1962 – 63 ) ; professor charles c. rich, geologist and deputy leader of the vuwae, was affiliated with bowling green state university of ohio. in mythology, the greek underworld is an otherworld where souls go after death. the original greek idea of afterlife is that, at the moment of death, the soul is separated from the corpse, taking on the shape of the former person, and is transported to the entrance of the underworld. the underworld itself - - sometimes known as the realm of hades - - is described as being either at the outer bounds of the ocean or beneath the depths or ends of the earth. it is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of mount olympus with the kingdom of the dead corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead. mark lehner is an american archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in egypt. he was born in north dakota in 1950. his approach, as director of ancient egypt research associates ( aera ), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site — from the buildings down to the pollen spores. his international team currently runs the giza plateau mapping project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of egypt. he discovered that pyramid g1 - a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the great pyramid, belonged to hetepheres i ; it was originally thought to belong to queen meritites i. the oldest known sundial is from egypt ; it dates back to around 1500 bc ( 19th dynasty ), and was discovered in the valley of the
text: 1939. the government of india awarded her the fourth highest civilian honour of padma shri in 1986. padmanabhan balaram is an indian biochemist and a former director of the indian institute of science in bangalore, india. he is a recipient of the third highest indian civilian honour of padma bhushan ( 2014 ) as well as the twas prize ( 1994 ). a. p. j. abdul kalam 11th president of india in office 25 july 2002 - - 25 july 2007 prime minister atal bihari vajpayee manmohan singh vice president krishan kant bhairon singh shekhawat preceded by k. r. narayanan succeeded by pratibha patil personal details avul pakir jainulabdeen abdul kalam ( 1931 - 10 - 15 ) 15 october 1931 rameswaram, madras presidency, british india ( now in ramanathapuram, tamil nadu, india 27 july 2015 ( 2015 - 07 - 27 ) ( aged 83 ) shillong, meghalaya, india nationality indian alma mater st. joseph's college, tiruchirappalli madras institute of technology profession aerospace scientist professor author awards bharat ratna ( 1997 ) hoover medal ( 2009 ) nss von braun award ( 2013 ) notable work ( s ) wings of fire signature website abdulkalam. com the first recipients of the bharat ratna were politician c. rajagopalachari, philosopher sarvepalli radhakrishnan, and scientist c. v. raman, who were honoured in 1954. since then, the award has been bestowed upon 45 individuals, including 12 who were awarded posthumously. the original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in january 1955 to permit them. former prime minister lal bahadur shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously. in 2014, cricketer sachin tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient ; while social reformer dhondo keshav karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. though usually conferred on india - born citizens, the bharat ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen, mother teresa, and to two non - indians, pakistan national khan abdul ghaffar khan and former south african president nelson mandela. on 24 december 2014, the indian government announced the award to independence activist madan mohan malaviya ( posthumously ) and former prime minister atal bihari vajpayee. the bharat ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the
text: became recurring cast members. the sixth season of ` ` basketball wives la'' was confirmed by vh1 with a premiere date of april 17, 2017. filming started in october 2016 and evelyn lozada a former cast member of basketball wives has confirmed her return on social media and via the real where she severed as a guest host for a week. jennifer williams also a former cast member of basketball wives has been spotted filming with cast member tami roman. also this season four newbies aja metoyer, keonna green, bonnie - jill laflil, and evelyn lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members angel brinks, latosha duffey, angel love. christopher kennedy masterson ( born january 22, 1980 ) is an american actor and disc jockey known best for his role as francis on malcolm in the middle. he is the younger brother of that'70s show cast member danny masterson, older brother of the walking dead cast member alanna masterson, and older brother of last man standing cast member jordan masterson. simba the lion king character simba as he appears as a cub in the first film first appearance the lion king ( 1994 ) created by irene mecchi jonathan roberts linda woolverton voiced by matthew broderick ( adult, in 3 films ) jonathan taylor thomas ( cub ) joseph williams ( singing, adult ) jason weaver ( singing, cub ) matt weinberg ( cub in the lion king 11⁄2 ) cam clarke ( various sequels and merchandise ) rob lowe ( the lion guard ) donald glover ( adult in the lion king ( 2019 film ) jd mccrary ( cub in the lion king ( 2019 film ) information species lion gender male family mufasa ( father, deceased ) sarabi ( mother ) bunga ( adoptive brother ) sarafina ( mother - in - law ) kovu ( son - in - law ) spouse ( s ) nala ( wife ) children kopa ( son ) kiara ( daughter ) kion ( son ) relatives scar ( uncle, deceased ) the young and the restless is an american television soap opera, created by william j. bell and lee phillip bell for cbs. it first aired on march 26, 1973. the longest - running current cast member is doug davidson, who has portrayed private investigator paul williams since may 23, 1978. jeanne cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch katherine chancellor, holds the record for the series'longest - running cast member, airing from november 1973 until her death in may 2013. melody
text: team plays its home games at the golden 1 center. george vi ( albert frederick arthur george ; 14 december 1895 - - 6 february 1952 ) was king of the united kingdom and the dominions of the british commonwealth from 11 december 1936 until his death in 1952. he was the last emperor of india and the first head of the commonwealth. stanley king ( may 11, 1883 – april 28, 1951 ) was the eleventh president of amherst college. he held that position from 1932 to 1946. eleanor of england ( also called eleanor plantagenet and eleanor of leicester ) ( 1215 – 13 april 1275 ) was the youngest child of john, king of england and isabella of angouleme. gunhilde ( or gunnhild ) ( died 13 november 1002 ) is said to have been the sister of sweyn forkbeard, king of denmark, and the daughter of harald bluetooth. she was married to pallig, a dane who served the king of england, æthelred the unready, as ealdorman of devonshire. he was the second son of the 4th king gaeru and younger brother of the 5th king chogo. upon the death of the 6th king gusu, gusu's eldest son saban became king, but proved to be too young to rule. goi dethroned saban and became king. the " samguk sagi " records that " " king chogo's younger brother, who had the same mother, became king. " ". in may 1601, king james vi of scotland attended the general assembly of the church of scotland at st columba's church in burntisland, fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the bible into english. two years later, he ascended to the throne of england as king james i of england. one of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in sophocles'play antigone, in which antigone, one of the daughters of former king of thebes, oedipus, defies creon, the current king of thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother polynices a proper burial. she gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. she is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with ( and eventually carries out ), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do
text: the president and a medallion. on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. r. vasudevan was an indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the prime minister of india ( rajiv gandhi ), as also secretary, ministry of steel and ministry of power, government of india. born in the south indian state of tamil nadu, vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in economics from the university of delhi and in public administration from harvard university. he died on 25 july 2010. the government of india honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of padma shri, the fourth highest indian civilian award. a. p. j. abdul kalam 11th president of india in office 25 july 2002 - - 25 july 2007 prime minister atal bihari vajpayee manmohan singh vice president krishan kant bhairon singh shekhawat preceded by k. r. narayanan succeeded by pratibha patil personal details avul pakir jainulabdeen abdul kalam ( 1931 - 10 - 15 ) 15 october 1931 rameswaram, madras presidency, british india ( now in ramanathapuram, tamil nadu, india 27 july 2015 ( 2015 - 07 - 27 ) ( aged 83 ) shillong, meghalaya, india nationality indian alma mater st. joseph's college, tiruchirappalli madras institute of technology profession aerospace scientist professor author awards bharat
text: recollection of the maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. secondly, the festal epistles state that the arians had accused athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age ( 30 ) and thus could not have been properly ordained as patriarch of alexandria in 328. the accusation must have seemed plausible. the orthodox church places his year of birth around 297. feanor ( ) is a fictional character from j. r. r. tolkien's legendarium who plays an important part in " the silmarillion ". he was the eldest son of finwe, the high king of the noldor, and his first wife miriel serinde. feanor's mother, miriel, died shortly after giving birth, having given all her strength and essence to him. " for feanor was made the mightiest in all parts of body and mind : in valour, in endurance, in beauty, in understanding, in skill, in strength and subtlety alike : of all the children of iluvatar, and a bright flame was in him. " sunnyboys first formed in 1979 and broke up in june 1984. jeremy oxley formed various incarnations of the band throughout the 1980s and into 1991, as the only original member. the original line - up ( without burgman ) reunited for a one - off show in 1998 for the mushroom 25 concert. in 2012 the original line - up reunited for a surprise show in sydney as part of the dig it up concert series, billed as " kids in dust ". the original line - up of sunnyboys later played sporadic shows in 2013 and continue to tour periodically. jeremy saxon oxley ( born 1961 in kingscliff, new south wales ) is an australian songwriter, singer and guitarist. he fronted the 1980s pop - rock band sunnyboys. you can't have everything is a 1937 fox musical film directed by norman taurog and produced by darryl f. zanuck. the film stars alice faye and don ameche, and was the film debut for gypsy rose lee credited as louise hovick part of her birth name. gerd ludwig ( birth name gerhard erich ludwig, born march 17, 1947 in alsfeld, hesse, germany ) is a german - american documentary photographer and photojournalist. the film opens in 1986 on nippon farm with a mother cat named moth ari who has given birth to kittens. one of

Question: Who was honored with the highest award in India before becoming president?
Answer: A.P.J. Abdul Kalam