text: the coalition resulting from the 2010 election led to the fixed - term parliaments act 2011, which instituted fixed five - year parliaments and transferred the power to call early elections from the prime minister to parliament itself. this was the idea of the deputy prime minister nick clegg, then the leader of the liberal democrats, who said that this would stop the prime minister and leader of the conservative party, david cameron, from calling a snap election to end the hung parliament, as many other conservatives had requested. politically, robert menzies and the liberal party of australia dominated much of the immediate post war era, defeating the labor government of ben chifley in 1949, in part over a labor proposal to nationalise banks and following a crippling coal strike led by the australian communist party. menzies became the country's longest - serving prime minister and the liberal party, in coalition with the rural based country party, won every federal election until 1972. petre s. aurelian ( 13 december 1833 – 24 january 1909 ) was a romanian politician. a member of the national liberal party, he served as a prime minister of romania between 2 december 1896 and 12 april 1897. the australia day protests of 2012 began with a commemoration at the aboriginal tent embassy in canberra to mark its 40th anniversary and culminated in a security scare which saw the prime minister and opposition leader of australia escorted from a nearby canberra venue amidst rowdy protesters. the protesters had been advised of the leaders'whereabouts and misinformed of a statement by the opposition leader in relation to the tent embassy by a union official who had received information about abbott's statement and whereabouts from the prime minister's office. the contemporary liberal party generally advocates economic liberalism ( see new right ). historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. however, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti - socialist. strong opposition to socialism and communism in australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. the party's founder and longest - serving leader robert menzies envisaged that australia's middle class would form its main constituency. estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the prime minister of estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi - party system. the political culture is stable in estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. this situation is similar to other countries in northern europe. the former prime minister of estonia, andrus an
text: end of the first film. hackman won an academy award for best actor for the original " the french connection " and he and fernando rey are the only returning cast members. no escape is a 1936 british thriller film directed by norman lee and starring valerie hobson, leslie perrins and robert cochran. the screenplay concerns a man who attempts to hide his friend for a month. born pierre louis delage to a family of modest means in cognac in the charente " departement " of france, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. at the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school arts et metiers paristech in the city of angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in algeria. discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of france but in 1900 moved to paris. there, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling renault automobile company. california newsreel, founded in 1968, is an american non - profit, social justice film distribution and production company based in san francisco, california. their educational media resources include both documentary and feature films, with a focus on the advancement of racial justice and diversity, and the study of african american life and history, as well as african culture and politics. in 2006, newsreel launched a new thematic focus for their work : globalization, with an emphasis on the global economy and the international division of labor. several of california newsreel's films have been broadcast on pbs. born arutjun wartanian in nakhichevan in of the russian empire, he was of armenian heritage. he graduated from high school in 1898 in tbilisi, georgia, and then briefly studied medicine in kharkov ( now in ukraine ). around the turn of the century he briefly lived in japan before relocating to st. petersburg. during the revolution of 1905 he moved to saxony in germany and studied at the freiberg university of mining and technology. he also worked in chile and bolivia before returning to germany and working as a mining engineer then moving into acting and performing on the stage and screen ( since 1916 ). founded in 1992 as changsha hi - tech development area zoomlion construction mechanical industry company, one of its first products were concrete pumps. the company grew out of a subsidiary founded in 1956 in beijing, as part of the first ministry of machinery industry, ministry of construction,
text: ##is. it is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of egypt. as of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. the fortress of an - nekhel is a ksar ( castle ) located in the nekhel municipality of the sinai peninsula in egypt. it holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from ancient egypt. it has historically been an important stop and staging ground for muslim pilgrims undertaking the hajj or umra, holy muslim pilgrimages. during his papacy the muslim ruler in damascus was marwan i as after the death of yazid, the son of mu'awiyah and his son muawiya ii, marwan i took control of the east and of egypt. the worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in egypt, where the ptolemies adopted earlier pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god - kings. these cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the ptolemaieia at alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances. the setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings ( sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns ) which put them on par with the gods ( isotheism ) than on actual belief of their divine nature. according to peter green, these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the greeks and macedonians. the worship of alexander was also popular, as in the long lived cult at erythrae and of course, at alexandria, where his tomb was located. pinedjem i was the high priest of amun at thebes in ancient egypt from 1070 to 1032 bc and the " de facto " ruler of the south of the country from 1054 bc. he was the son of the high priest piankh. however, many egyptologists today believe that the succession in the amun priesthood actually ran from piankh to herihor to pinedjem i. mark lehner is an american archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in egypt. he was born in north dakota in 1950. his approach, as director of ancient egypt research associates ( aera ), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site — from the buildings down to the pollen spores.
text: became a historical painter, while friedrich became a wildlife painter. heinrich would outlive all of his siblings. the latter deposed emperor of liu song ( ( 劉 ) [UNK] 後 [UNK] 帝, also known as emperor houfei ) ( 1 march 463 – 1 august 477 ), also known by posthumous demoted title of prince of cangwu ( [UNK] [UNK] 王 ), personal name liu yu ( 劉 [UNK] ), courtesy name derong ( 德 [UNK] ), nickname huizhen ( [UNK] [UNK] ), was an emperor of the chinese dynasty liu song. liu yin ( 劉 [UNK] ) ( 874 – april 4, 911 ), formally prince xiang of nanhai ( 南 海 [UNK] 王 ), later further posthumously honored emperor xiang ( [UNK] 皇 帝 ) with the temple name of liezong ( [UNK] 宗 ) by his younger brother liu yan, was a warlord late in the chinese dynasty tang dynasty and tang's succeeding dynasty later liang of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms period, who ruled qinghai circuit ( 清 海, headquartered in modern guangzhou, guangdong ) as its military governor ( " jiedushi " ). it was on the basis of his rule that liu yan was later able to establish the state of southern han. sheikh abdullah bin zayed bin sultan al nahyan ( arabic : عبد الله بن زايد بن سلطان ال نهيان ; born 30 april 1972 ) is the minister of foreign affairs and international cooperation of the united arab emirates. he is the son of the founder of uae, zayed bin sultan al nahyan. when a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in scandinavia, danish siblings simone and rasmus take shelter in a bunker. six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. along the way they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across denmark and sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings'father, who may be able to provide the answers and the cure. sa'ad bin osama bin muhammad bin'awad bin laden ( ; 1979 - 2009 ), better known as saad bin laden, was one of osama bin laden's sons. he continued in his father's footsteps by being active in al qaeda, and was being groomed to be his heir apparent. he was killed in an american drone strike in 2009. omar bin osama bin mohammed bin awad bin laden (
text: included in the body cavity. osiris ( / oʊ ˈsaɪrɪs /, from egyptian wsjr, coptic [UNK] ) is an egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. he was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god ra, and the sky goddess nut, as well as being brother and husband of isis, with horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. he was also associated with the epithet khenti - amentiu, meaning ` ` foremost of the westerners'', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. as ruler of the dead, osiris was also sometimes called ` ` king of the living'' : ancient egyptians considered the blessed dead ` ` the living ones''. through syncretism with iah, he is also the god of the moon. the earliest examples of wedding rings are from ancient egypt. western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient rome and greece, and were transmitted to the present through christendom in europe, which adapted the ancient customs. lake manzala ( " bahirat manzala " ), also manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern egypt on the nile delta near port said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at tanis. it is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of egypt. as of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. in the ancient greek myths, ambrosia ( / æmˈbroʊʒə /, ancient greek : αμβροσια, ` ` immortality'' ) is sometimes the food or drink of the greek gods, often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. it was brought to the gods in olympus by doves. the rape of proserpina ( ) is a large baroque marble sculptural group by italian artist gian lorenzo bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622. bernini was only 23 years old at its completion. it depicts the abduction of prose
text: sisters of their husbands, were usually called cleopatra, arsinoe or berenice. the most famous member of the line was the last queen, cleopatra vii, known for her role in the roman political battles between julius caesar and pompey, and later between octavian and mark antony. her suicide at the conquest by rome marked the end of ptolemaic rule in egypt though hellenistic culture continued to thrive in egypt throughout the roman and byzantine periods until the muslim conquest. egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium bc as one of the world's first nation states. considered a cradle of civilisation, ancient egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. iconic monuments such as the giza necropolis and its great sphinx, as well the ruins of memphis, thebes, karnak, and the valley of the kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including greek, persian, roman, arab, ottoman, and european. although christianised in the first century of the common era, it was subsequently islamised due to the islamic conquests of the seventh century. the oldest known sundial is from egypt ; it dates back to around 1500 bc ( 19th dynasty ), and was discovered in the valley of the kings in 2013. sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. ancient egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 bc, are also among the earliest shadow clocks. lake manzala ( " bahirat manzala " ), also manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern egypt on the nile delta near port said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at tanis. it is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of egypt. as of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. the fortress of an - nekhel is a ksar ( castle ) located in the nekhel municipality of the sinai peninsula in egypt. it holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from ancient egypt. it has historically been an important stop and staging ground for muslim pilgrims undertaking the hajj or umra, holy muslim pilgrimage
text: transported to the entrance of the underworld. the underworld itself - - sometimes known as the realm of hades - - is described as being either at the outer bounds of the ocean or beneath the depths or ends of the earth. it is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of mount olympus with the kingdom of the dead corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead. mark lehner is an american archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in egypt. he was born in north dakota in 1950. his approach, as director of ancient egypt research associates ( aera ), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site — from the buildings down to the pollen spores. his international team currently runs the giza plateau mapping project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of egypt. he discovered that pyramid g1 - a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the great pyramid, belonged to hetepheres i ; it was originally thought to belong to queen meritites i. the oldest known sundial is from egypt ; it dates back to around 1500 bc ( 19th dynasty ), and was discovered in the valley of the kings in 2013. sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. ancient egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 bc, are also among the earliest shadow clocks. the story of the exodus is told in the books of exodus, leviticus, numbers, and deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the torah ( also called the pentateuch ). it tells of the events that befell the israelites following the death of joseph, their departure from egypt, and their wanderings in the wilderness, including the revelations at sinai, up to their arrival at the borders of canaan. the story begins with the israelites in slavery in egypt. moses leads them out of egypt and through the wilderness to mount sinai, where yahweh reveals himself and offers them a covenant : they are to keep his torah ( i. e. law, instruction ), and in return he will be their god and give them the land of canaan. the book of leviticus records the laws of god. the book of numbers tells how the israelites, led now by their god, journey on from sinai towards
text: awiyah and his son muawiya ii, marwan i took control of the east and of egypt. the worship of dynastic ruler cults was also a feature of this period, most notably in egypt, where the ptolemies adopted earlier pharaonic practice, and established themselves as god - kings. these cults were usually associated with a specific temple in honor of the ruler such as the ptolemaieia at alexandria and had their own festivals and theatrical performances. the setting up of ruler cults was more based on the systematized honors offered to the kings ( sacrifice, proskynesis, statues, altars, hymns ) which put them on par with the gods ( isotheism ) than on actual belief of their divine nature. according to peter green, these cults did not produce genuine belief of the divinity of rulers among the greeks and macedonians. the worship of alexander was also popular, as in the long lived cult at erythrae and of course, at alexandria, where his tomb was located. pinedjem i was the high priest of amun at thebes in ancient egypt from 1070 to 1032 bc and the " de facto " ruler of the south of the country from 1054 bc. he was the son of the high priest piankh. however, many egyptologists today believe that the succession in the amun priesthood actually ran from piankh to herihor to pinedjem i. mark lehner is an american archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in egypt. he was born in north dakota in 1950. his approach, as director of ancient egypt research associates ( aera ), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site — from the buildings down to the pollen spores. his international team currently runs the giza plateau mapping project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of egypt. he discovered that pyramid g1 - a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the great pyramid, belonged to hetepheres i ; it was originally thought to belong to queen meritites i. for the ancient egyptians, green had very positive associations. the hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. in wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, osiris, was typically portrayed
text: with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs. the badigeru swamp ( or bedigeru, badingilu ) swamp lies in south sudan, in the central equatoria and eastern equatoria states between terekeka and lafon. the citizen is a newspaper based in juba, the national capital of south sudan and the state capital of central equatoria. the canada - - united states border ( french : frontiere entre le canada et les etats - unis ), officially known as the international boundary ( french : frontiere internationale ), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. it is shared between canada and the united states, the second - and fourth - largest countries by area, respectively. the terrestrial boundary ( including portions of maritime boundaries in the great lakes, and on the atlantic, pacific, and arctic coasts ) is 8, 891 kilometres ( 5, 525 mi ) long, of which 2, 475 kilometres ( 1, 538 mi ) is canada's border with alaska. eight canadian provinces and territories ( yukon, british columbia, alberta, saskatchewan, manitoba, ontario, quebec, and new brunswick ), and thirteen u. s. states ( alaska, washington, idaho, montana, north dakota, minnesota, michigan, ohio, pennsylvania, new york, vermont, new hampshire, and maine ) are located along the border. adaba is one of the woredas in the oromia region of ethiopia ; it shares the name of its administrative center, adaba. part of the west arsi zone, adaba is bordered on the southwest by nensebo, on the west by dodola, on the northwest by the shabelle river which separates it from the gedeb asasa, and on the east and south by bale zone. virginia is located in lempira honduras and shares a border with el salvador. many virginians travel to el salvador to do their shopping, because the honduran cities are far away from virginia. a nigerian state is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the federal government of nigeria, there are 36 states in nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. there is also a territory called the federal capital territory ( fct ), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the federal government. the states are further divided into a total of 774 local government areas. under the nigerian constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. berah
text: in vista, california, switzerland and japan. india nuclear programme start date 1967 first nuclear weapon test 18 may 1974 first fusion weapon test 11 may 1998 most recent test 13 may 1998 largest - yield test 20 - 60 kt total number of tests to date 6 peak stockpile 110 - 120 current stockpile 110 - 120 maximum missile range 5, 000 - 5, 800 km ( agni - v ) npt party no smiling buddha declared ( pokhran - ii ) disputed ( pokhran - ii ) 2016 estimate agni v comdial was founded in oregon in 1977 as a telecommunications research firm. on october 1, 1982 it acquired the telephone manufacturing division of general dynamics for $ 53. 7 million, gaining the company a major product design and manufacturing operation located in charlottesville, virginia. colchester racing developments produced merlyn racing cars from 1960 to 1979. the company was founded by clive maskrey, selwyn hayward and continued by hayward's brother, clive. when the manufacture of merlyn racing cars stopped, clive hayward continued to manufacture merlyn parts as crd tool and engineering ltd. this company stopped trading in november 2015, but clive hayward continues to run colchester racing developments, manufacturing merlyn components and carrying out chassis repairs. vestas wind systems a / s is a danish manufacturer, seller, installer, and servicer of wind turbines founded in 1945. the company operates manufacturing plants in denmark, germany, india, italy, romania, the united kingdom, spain, sweden, norway, australia, china, and the united states, and employs more than 24, 400 people globally. as of 2013, it is the largest wind turbine company in the world. emerson usa inc. is a california based flag manufacturer. founded in 2003, the company is one of san francisco's only textile manufacturers. ensign manufacturing company, founded as ensign car works in 1872, was a railroad car manufacturing company based in huntington, west virginia. in the 1880s and 1890s ensign's production of wood freight cars made the company one of the three largest sawmill operators in cabell county. in 1899, ensign and twelve other companies were merged to form american car and foundry company. the hale & kilburn company of philadelphia was a furniture manufacturing company founded by henry s. hale and cheney kilburn. the hale & kilburn company's primary business was the production of railroad car seats for the greatly expanding american railroad companies. the hale & kilburn company was sold to j. p. morgan & co. in 1911 for $ 9 million. in
text: clt ) is a joint civil - military public international airport located in charlotte, north carolina, united states. established in 1935 as charlotte municipal airport, in 1954 the airport was renamed douglas municipal airport after former charlotte mayor ben elbert douglas sr., who had overseen the airport's construction. the airport gained its current name in 1982 and, as of september 2017, it is the second largest hub for american airlines after dallas / fort worth international airport, with service to 161 domestic and international destinations. as of 2016 it was the 11th busiest airport in the united states, ranked by passenger traffic and 6th by aircraft movements. it was also the 7th busiest airport in the world ranked by aircraft movements however, charlotte is the largest airport in the united states without any nonstop service to asia, and it only ranks 19th by international passenger traffic. the airport serves as a major gateway to the caribbean islands. clt covers 5, 558 acres ( 2, 249 ha ) of land. eastar jet ( esr ) ( ) is a low - cost airline with its headquarters in banghwa - dong, gangseo - gu, seoul, south korea. on january 7, 2009, eastar jet made its maiden flight from gimpo international airport to jeju international airport. now, the airline operates a scheduled passenger network to 14 destinations in eight countries. its main base is gimpo international airport, with a hub at jeju international airport. heraklion international airport " nikos kazantzakis " is the primary airport on the island of crete, greece, and the country's second busiest airport after athens international airport. it is located about 5 km east of the main city centre of heraklion, near the municipality of nea alikarnassos. it is a shared civil / military facility. the airport is named after heraklion native nikos kazantzakis, a greek writer and philosopher. nikos kazantzakis airport is crete's main and busiest airport, serving heraklion ( ηρακλειο ), aghios nikolaos ( αγιος νικολαος ), malia ( mαλλια ), hersonissos ( χερσονησος ), stalida ( σταλιδα ), elounda ( ελουντα ) and other resorts. siaogang district ( ) is the southernmost district of kaohsiung city in southern taiwan. the second largest
text: together by a federal agreement. there is also a territory called the federal capital territory ( fct ), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the federal government. the states are further divided into a total of 774 local government areas. under the nigerian constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. cedar creek, located in lincoln county in south - central kentucky, usa, is an tributary to the dix river. via the dix, kentucky and ohio rivers, it is part of the mississippi river watershed. in 2002, a section of cedar creek was impounded to form cedar creek lake. virginia is located in lempira honduras and shares a border with el salvador. many virginians travel to el salvador to do their shopping, because the honduran cities are far away from virginia. swan miara is a village and union council ( an administrative subdivision ) of mansehra district in khyber - pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan. it is located in the south of the district where it borders abbottabad district. gmina włodawa is a rural gmina ( administrative district ) in włodawa county, lublin voivodeship, in eastern poland, on the border with belarus and ukraine. its seat is the town of włodawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. thirukkanur is a village in the union territory of puducherry, india. it one of 16 villages located in mannadipet commune panchayat of the villianur taluk. it is bordered by the state of tamil nadu both to the east and west. oak lawn is a suburb of chicago, located southwest of the city. it shares borders with the city in two areas, but is surrounded mostly by other suburbs. mount bosworth is located in the canadian rockies on the border of alberta and british columbia. the mountain is situated immediately northwest of kicking horse pass and straddles the shared border of banff national park with yoho national park. it was named in 1903 after george morris bosworth, an executive and long - time employee of the canadian pacific railway. clear springs is a historic settlement in guadalupe county, texas, united states. it is part of the san antonio metropolitan statistical area. it shares its name with the nearby clear springs air force base. berahle is one of the woredas in the afar region of ethiopia. part of the administrative zone 2, berahle's territory includes part of the afar depression. this woreda is
text: queen, cleopatra vii, known for her role in the roman political battles between julius caesar and pompey, and later between octavian and mark antony. her suicide at the conquest by rome marked the end of ptolemaic rule in egypt though hellenistic culture continued to thrive in egypt throughout the roman and byzantine periods until the muslim conquest. egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium bc as one of the world's first nation states. considered a cradle of civilisation, ancient egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. iconic monuments such as the giza necropolis and its great sphinx, as well the ruins of memphis, thebes, karnak, and the valley of the kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including greek, persian, roman, arab, ottoman, and european. although christianised in the first century of the common era, it was subsequently islamised due to the islamic conquests of the seventh century. the oldest known sundial is from egypt ; it dates back to around 1500 bc ( 19th dynasty ), and was discovered in the valley of the kings in 2013. sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. ancient egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 bc, are also among the earliest shadow clocks. lake manzala ( " bahirat manzala " ), also manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern egypt on the nile delta near port said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at tanis. it is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of egypt. as of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. the fortress of an - nekhel is a ksar ( castle ) located in the nekhel municipality of the sinai peninsula in egypt. it holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from ancient egypt. it has historically been an important stop and staging ground for muslim pilgrims undertaking the hajj or umra, holy muslim pilgrimages. during his papacy the muslim ruler in damascus was marwan i as after the death of yazid, the son of mu '
text: the outer bounds of the ocean or beneath the depths or ends of the earth. it is considered the dark counterpart to the brightness of mount olympus with the kingdom of the dead corresponding to the kingdom of the gods. hades is a realm invisible to the living, made solely for the dead. mark lehner is an american archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in egypt. he was born in north dakota in 1950. his approach, as director of ancient egypt research associates ( aera ), is to conduct interdisciplinary archaeological investigation. every excavated object is examined by specialists to create an overall picture of an archaeological site — from the buildings down to the pollen spores. his international team currently runs the giza plateau mapping project, excavating and mapping the ancient city of the builders of the giza pyramid complex, which dates to the fourth dynasty of egypt. he discovered that pyramid g1 - a, one of the subsidiary pyramids of the great pyramid, belonged to hetepheres i ; it was originally thought to belong to queen meritites i. the oldest known sundial is from egypt ; it dates back to around 1500 bc ( 19th dynasty ), and was discovered in the valley of the kings in 2013. sundials have their origin in shadow clocks, which were the first devices used for measuring the parts of a day. ancient egyptian obelisks, constructed about 3500 bc, are also among the earliest shadow clocks. the story of the exodus is told in the books of exodus, leviticus, numbers, and deuteronomy, the last four of the five books of the torah ( also called the pentateuch ). it tells of the events that befell the israelites following the death of joseph, their departure from egypt, and their wanderings in the wilderness, including the revelations at sinai, up to their arrival at the borders of canaan. the story begins with the israelites in slavery in egypt. moses leads them out of egypt and through the wilderness to mount sinai, where yahweh reveals himself and offers them a covenant : they are to keep his torah ( i. e. law, instruction ), and in return he will be their god and give them the land of canaan. the book of leviticus records the laws of god. the book of numbers tells how the israelites, led now by their god, journey on from sinai towards canaan, but when their spies report that the land is filled with giants they refuse to go on and yahweh condemns them
text: astor. it is taken from a stage play called " a romance of the underworld " by paul armstrong. a previous version of the story was filmed as " a romance of the underworld " in 1918 by director james kirkwood with catherine calvert in astor's part. the 1928 film is extant at the museum of modern art. and also in a european archive. hapi, sometimes transliterated as hapy, is one of the four sons of horus in ancient egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of osiris in the underworld. hapi was the son of heru - ur and isis or serqet. he is not to be confused with another god of the same name. he is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. hapi is in turn protected by the goddess nephthys. when his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. when embalming practices changed during the third intermediate period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of hapi would be included in the body cavity. osiris ( / oʊ ˈsaɪrɪs /, from egyptian wsjr, coptic [UNK] ) is an egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. he was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god ra, and the sky goddess nut, as well as being brother and husband of isis, with horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. he was also associated with the epithet khenti - amentiu, meaning ` ` foremost of the westerners'', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. as ruler of the dead, osiris was also sometimes called ` ` king of the living'' : ancient egyptians considered the blessed dead ` ` the
text: ##ming practices changed during the third intermediate period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of hapi would be included in the body cavity. osiris ( / oʊ ˈsaɪrɪs /, from egyptian wsjr, coptic [UNK] ) is an egyptian god, identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead, but more appropriately as the god of transition, resurrection, and regeneration. he was classically depicted as a green - skinned deity with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy - wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. osiris was at times considered the oldest son of the god geb, though other sources state his father is the sun - god ra, and the sky goddess nut, as well as being brother and husband of isis, with horus being considered his posthumously begotten son. he was also associated with the epithet khenti - amentiu, meaning ` ` foremost of the westerners'', a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead. as ruler of the dead, osiris was also sometimes called ` ` king of the living'' : ancient egyptians considered the blessed dead ` ` the living ones''. through syncretism with iah, he is also the god of the moon. the earliest examples of wedding rings are from ancient egypt. western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient rome and greece, and were transmitted to the present through christendom in europe, which adapted the ancient customs. lake manzala ( " bahirat manzala " ), also manzaleh, is a brackish lake, sometimes called a lagoon, in northeastern egypt on the nile delta near port said and a few miles from the ancient ruins at tanis. it is the largest of the northern deltaic lakes of egypt. as of 2008 it is 47 km long and 30 km wide. in the ancient greek myths, ambrosia ( / æmˈbroʊʒə /, ancient greek : αμβροσια, ` ` immortality'' ) is sometimes the food or drink of the greek gods, often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. it was brought to the gods in olympus by doves. the rape of proserpina ( ) is a large baroque marble sculptural group by italian artist gia
text: extenuating circumstances and financial issues was not published until nearly three decades later, in two editions, the first released in 1609, and the rest of the ot in 1610. in this version, the seven deuterocanonical books are mingled with the other books, rather than kept separate in an appendix. early modern english bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of early modern english. this, the first major period of bible translation into the english language, began with the introduction of the tyndale bible. the first complete edition of his new testament was in 1526. tyndale used the greek and hebrew texts of the new testament ( nt ) and old testament ( ot ) in addition to jerome's latin translation. he was the first translator to use the printing press - - this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his new testament translation throughout england. tyndale did not complete his old testament translation. the first printed english translation of the whole bible was produced by miles coverdale in 1535, using tyndale's work together with his own translations from the latin vulgate or german text. after much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th october 1535. this first edition was adapted by coverdale for his first ` ` authorised version'', known as the great bible, of 1539. other early printed versions were the geneva bible ( 1560 ), notable for being the first bible divided into verses ; the bishop's bible ( 1568 ), which was an attempt by elizabeth i to create a new authorised version ; and the authorized king james version of 1611. the final testament of the holy bible is a novel written by james frey, published by gagosian gallery in 2011. the book is published in the uk by john murray with the shortened title " the final testament ". until the 19th century, westminster was the third seat of learning in england, after oxford and cambridge. it was here that the first third of the king james bible old testament and the last half of the new testament were translated. the new english bible was also put together here in the 20th century. westminster suffered minor damage during the blitz on 15 november 1940. the codex alexandrinus ( london, british library, ms royal 1. d. v - viii ; gregory - aland no. a or 02, soden δ 4 ) is a fifth - century manuscript of the greek bible, containing the majority of the septuagin
text: the underworld " in 1918 by director james kirkwood with catherine calvert in astor's part. the 1928 film is extant at the museum of modern art. and also in a european archive. hapi, sometimes transliterated as hapy, is one of the four sons of horus in ancient egyptian religion, depicted in funerary literature as protecting the throne of osiris in the underworld. hapi was the son of heru - ur and isis or serqet. he is not to be confused with another god of the same name. he is commonly depicted with the head of a hamadryas baboon, and is tasked with protecting the lungs of the deceased, hence the common depiction of a hamadryas baboon head sculpted as the lid of the canopic jar that held the lungs. hapi is in turn protected by the goddess nephthys. when his image appears on the side of a coffin, he is usually aligned with the side intended to face north. when embalming practices changed during the third intermediate period and the mummified organs were placed back inside the body, an amulet of hapi would be included in the body cavity. the earliest known physician is also credited to ancient egypt : hesy - ra, ` ` chief of dentists and physicians'' for king djoser in the 27th century bce. also, the earliest known woman physician, peseshet, practiced in ancient egypt at the time of the 4th dynasty. her title was ` ` lady overseer of the lady physicians.'' in addition to her supervisory role, peseshet trained midwives at an ancient egyptian medical school in sais. the earliest examples of wedding rings are from ancient egypt. western customs for wedding rings can be traced to ancient rome and greece, and were transmitted to the present through christendom in europe, which adapted the ancient customs. joshua labove ( born march 22, 1986 in manhasset, new york ) has often been credited in tv and film performances as a child actor in the late 1980s and 1990s. amulya's first film in 2015, " khushi khushiyagi ", saw her being paired opposite ganesh for the third time. critics praised her performance as nandini ; g. s. kumar of " the times of india " wrote, " shades of'shravani subramanya'are visible in amulya's role, who essays a stellar role... " in " male ",
text: there is also an old documentary film about this. the theme music, ` ` east bound and down'', was sung and co - written by reed ( credited under his birth name, jerry hubbard ) and dick feller. it became reed's signature song and is found on multiple albums, including country legends and his live album jerry reed : live still. in 1991 it was arranged for orchestra by crafton beck and recorded by erich kunzel and the cincinnati pops orchestra for their album down on the farm. several other groups, such as us rock band tonic, have also covered it. reed also penned and performed the song for the opening credits, entitled ` ` the legend'', which tells of some of the bandit's escapades prior to the events of the film, and the ballad ` ` the bandit'', which features in several versions in the movie and on the soundtrack. reed's hit notwithstanding, bill justis is the first name on the credits for the soundtrack as he composed and arranged original music throughout the film. musicians such as beegie adair and george tidwell played on the soundtrack as part of long careers in music. legendary five - string banjo player bobby thompson is also heard prominently towards the end of ` ` east bound and down.'' the soundtrack album was released in 1977 on vinyl, cassette and 8 - track through mca records. in 2010, there were 1. 2 million people living in the greater palermo area, 655, 875 of which resided in the city boundaries, of whom 47. 4 % were male and 52. 6 % were female. people under age 15 totalled 15. 6 % compared to pensioners who composed 17. 2 % of the population. this compares with the italian average of 14. 1 % people under 15 years and 20. 2 % pensioners. the average age of a palermo resident is 40. 4 compared to the italian average of 42. 8. in the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of palermo declined by 4. 5 %, while the population of italy, as a whole, grew by 6. 0 %. the reason for palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to northern italy. the current birth rate of palermo is 10. 2 births per 1, 000 inhabitants compared to the italian average of 9. 3 births. gerd ludwig ( birth name gerhard erich ludwig, born march 17, 1947 in alsfeld, hesse, germany ) is a german - american documentary photographer and photojournalist
text: ##a reserve when it is completed. michurinsky district ( ) is an administrative and municipal district ( raion ), one of the twenty - three in tambov oblast, russia. it is located in the northwest of the oblast. the district borders with pervomaysky district in the north, nikiforovsky district in the east, petrovsky district in the south, and with dobrovsky district of lipetsk oblast in the west. the area of the district is. its administrative center is the town of michurinsk ( which is not administratively a part of the district ). population : 34, 245 ( 2010 census ) ; shmidtovsky district ( ) was an administrative district ( raion ) of chukotka autonomous okrug, russia, which existed in 1973 – 2011. as a municipal division, it was, together with iultinsky administrative district, incorporated as iultinsky municipal district. it was located in the far north of the autonomous okrug and bordered with iultinsky district in the east, anadyrsky district in the south, and with chaunsky district in the west. the area of the district was. its administrative center was the urban locality ( an urban - type settlement ) of mys shmidta. population : the population of mys shmidta accounted for 33. 5 % of the district's total population. swan miara is a village and union council ( an administrative subdivision ) of mansehra district in khyber - pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan. it is located in the south of the district where it borders abbottabad district. nyuksensky district ( ) is an administrative and municipal district ( raion ), one of the twenty - six in vologda oblast, russia. it is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with ustyansky district of arkhangelsk oblast in the north, velikoustyugsky district in the east, kichmengsko - gorodetsky district in the southeast, babushkinsky district in the south, totemsky district in the southwest, and with tarnogsky district in the west. the area of the district is. its administrative center is the rural locality ( a " selo " ) of nyuksenitsa. district's population : 11, 714 ( 2002 census ) ; the population of nyuksenitsa accounts for 43. 7 % of the district's total population. kazachinsky district ( ) is an administrative

Question: What is the ruler of the underworld in ancient Egypt a part of?
Answer: ancient Egyptian religion