text: a power struggle between a prince of the former ruling dynasty of lower egypt and the new overlords from upper egypt. it was the first feature film shot in techniscope. ramose and the tomb robbers is a 2003 historical novel by british - born australian author carole wilkinson. it is set in ancient egypt. according to classical - era mythology, after the overthrow of the titans, the new pantheon of gods and goddesses was confirmed. among the principal greek gods were the olympians, residing on mount olympus under the eye of zeus. ( the limitation of their number to twelve seems to have been a comparatively modern idea. ) besides the olympians, the greeks worshipped various gods of the countryside, the satyr - god pan, nymphs ( spirits of rivers ), naiads ( who dwelled in springs ), dryads ( who were spirits of the trees ), nereids ( who inhabited the sea ), river gods, satyrs, and others. in addition, there were the dark powers of the underworld, such as the erinyes ( or furies ), said to pursue those guilty of crimes against blood - relatives. in order to honor the ancient greek pantheon, poets composed the homeric hymns ( a group of thirty - three songs ). gregory nagy regards ` ` the larger homeric hymns as simple preludes ( compared with theogony ), each of which invokes one god''. there is no unanimous agreement among scholars on the structure of exodus. one strong possibility is that it is a diptych ( i. e., divided into two parts ), with the division between parts 1 and 2 at the crossing of the red sea or at the beginning of the theophany ( appearance of god ) in chapter 19. on this plan, the first part tells of god's rescue of his people from egypt and their journey under his care to sinai ( chapters 1 - - 19 ) and the second tells of the covenant between them ( chapters 20 - - 40 ). princess louise came to russia in november 1792, when she was chosen by empress catherine ii of russia as a bride for her eldest grandson, grand duke alexander pavlovich of russia, the future tsar alexander i. louise converted to the orthodox church, took the title of grand duchess of russia and traded the name louise maria for elizabeth alexeievna. she married alexander on 28 september 1793, when he was fifteen and she was fourteen. initially the marriage was happy. elizabeth was beautiful, but shy and withdrawn.
text: sn alloys. with an estimated annual output of around 15, 000 t, roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the industrial revolution ; the provinces most intensely mined were those of hispania, cyprus and in central europe. the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'' it is notable for its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is spoken by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus junius brutus at the moment of caesar's assassination. the first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier elizabethan plays ; henry vi, part 3 by shakespeare, and an even earlier play, caesar interfectus, by richard eedes. the phrase is often used apart from the plays to signify an unexpected betrayal by a friend. the ides of march ( latin : idus martiae, late latin : idus martii ) is a day on the roman calendar that corresponds to 15 march. it was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the romans as a deadline for settling debts. in 44 bc, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of julius caesar which made the ides of march a turning point in roman history. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'', made famous by its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is uttered by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. the latin expression first occurs in elizabethan literary texts. the quotation is widely used in the english - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend. the triumphs of caesar are a series of nine large
text: resort in bay lake, florida just outside of orlando, florida. alice paul, the head of the national women's party, believed that the nineteenth amendment would not be enough to ensure that men and women were treated equally regardless of sex. in 1923, she revised the proposed amendment to read : the twenty - second amendment ( amendment xxii ) to the united states constitution sets a limit on the number of times a person is eligible for election to the office of president of the united states, and also sets additional eligibility conditions for presidents who succeed to the unexpired terms of their predecessors. congress approved the amendment on march 24, 1947, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification. that process was completed on february 27, 1951, after the amendment had been ratified by the requisite 36 of the then - 48 states ( as neither alaska nor hawaii had yet been admitted as states ), and its provisions came into force on that date. article five of the united states constitution describes the process whereby the constitution, the nation's frame of government, may be altered. altering the constitution consists of proposing an amendment or amendments and subsequent ratification. amendments may be proposed either by the congress with a two - thirds vote in both the house of representatives and the senate or by a convention of states called for by two - thirds of the state legislatures. to become part of the constitution, an amendment must be ratified by either - - as determined by congress - - the legislatures of three - quarters of the states or state ratifying conventions in three - quarters of the states. the vote of each state ( to either ratify or reject a proposed amendment ) carries equal weight, regardless of a state's population or length of time in the union. fundamental rights are the basic rights of the people and inalienable rights of the people who enjoys it the charter of rights contained in part iii ( article 12 to 35 ) of constitution of india. it guarantees civil liberties such that all indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of india. these include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto. violation of these rights result in punishments as prescribed in the indian penal code or other special laws, subject to discretion of the judiciary. the
text: the company produced the games triple town, a freemium strategy puzzle game with city - building game elements for social networks and mobile devices ; steambirds, a strategy flying game for mobile devices ; road not taken, a roguelike puzzle game ; and co - created realm of the mad god with wild shadow studios. when wild shadow studios was acquired by kabam in june 2012, spry fox sold its stake in the game to kabam as part of the deal. the great basin and columbia plateau ( the intermontane plateaus ) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the cascades and sierra nevada. precipitation averages less than 15 inches ( 38 cm ). the southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 °f ( 37. 8 °c ) for several weeks at a time in summer. the southwest and the great basin are also affected by the monsoon from the gulf of california from july to september, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region. the shadow of saganami is a science fiction novel by american writer david weber, published in 2004. set in the honorverse, it has been billed as the first in the " saganami island " series, spun off from the main honor harrington series. the book debuted at # 16 on " the new york times " best seller list for hardcover fiction. black wolf lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers jack and andrew ` ` turk'' waterman, the original owners of noah's ark water park in wisconsin dells, wisconsin. black wolf lodge was purchased by the great lakes company in 1999. later that year, founders marc vaccaro and bruce neviaser changed the name to great wolf lodge and the company headquarters were established in madison, wisconsin. in 2001, the company built a second location in sandusky, ohio, and named it great bear lodge. when a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the great wolf lodge banner. the name of the ohio location was changed to great wolf lodge in 2004. the chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development. according to the united states census bureau, the city had a total area of 17. 037 square miles ( 44. 125 km2 ), including 10. 747 square miles ( 27. 835 km2 ) of land and 6. 290 square miles ( 16. 290 km2 ) of water ( 36. 92 % ). southern california includes the heavily built - up urban area stretching along the
text: ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'', made famous by its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is uttered by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. the latin expression first occurs in elizabethan literary texts. the quotation is widely used in the english - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend. the triumphs of caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the italian renaissance artist andrea mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the gonzaga ducal palace, mantua. they depict a triumphal military parade celebrating the victory of julius caesar in the gallic wars. acknowledged from the time of mantegna as his greatest masterpiece, they remain the most complete pictorial representation of a roman triumph ever attempted and together they form the world's largest metric area of italian renaissance paintings outside italy. acquired by charles i in 1629, they now form part of the royal collection at hampton court palace near london, where they occupy a special gallery, with a new continuous frame intended to capture their original setting, mounted into panelling. the battle of philippi was the final battle in the wars of the second triumvirate between the forces of mark antony and octavian ( of the second triumvirate ) and the leaders of julius caesar's assassination, marcus junius brutus and gaius cassius longinus in 42 bc, at philippi in macedonia. the second triumvirate declared this civil war ostensibly to avenge julius caesar's assassination in 44 bc, but the underlying cause was a long - brewing conflict between the so - called optimates and the so - called populares. indutiomarus ( died 53 bce ) was a leading aristocrat of the treveri ( the people of the area around present - day trier ) at the time of julius caesar's conquest of gaul. he was the head of the anti - roman party and the political rival of his pro - roman son - in - law cingetorix for " supreme power " in the state. on 25 february 1757, burke signed a contract with robert dodsley to write a " history of england from the time of julius caesar to the end of the reign of queen anne ", its length being eighty quarto sheets ( 640 pages ), nearly 400, 000 words. it was to be submitted for publication by christmas 1758. burke completed the work to
text: ##surpassed until the time of the industrial revolution ; the provinces most intensely mined were those of hispania, cyprus and in central europe. the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'' it is notable for its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is spoken by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus junius brutus at the moment of caesar's assassination. the first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier elizabethan plays ; henry vi, part 3 by shakespeare, and an even earlier play, caesar interfectus, by richard eedes. the phrase is often used apart from the plays to signify an unexpected betrayal by a friend. the ides of march ( latin : idus martiae, late latin : idus martii ) is a day on the roman calendar that corresponds to 15 march. it was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the romans as a deadline for settling debts. in 44 bc, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of julius caesar which made the ides of march a turning point in roman history. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'', made famous by its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is uttered by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. the latin expression first occurs in elizabethan literary texts. the quotation is widely used in the english - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend. the triumphs of caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the italian renaissance artist andrea mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the gonzaga ducal palace, mantua. they
text: it won the golden bear. the film is set in rebibbia prison ( suburb of rome ), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of " julius caesar ". ferdinand leitner ( 4 march 1912 in berlin – 3 june 1996 in zurich ) was a german conductor. leitner studied under franz schreker, julius pruwer, artur schnabel and karl muck. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` and you, brutus?'', made famous by its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is uttered by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. the latin expression first occurs in elizabethan literary texts. the quotation is widely used in the english - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend. julia the younger was not a member of the julian gens by birth : being the daughter of marcus vipsanius agrippa made her a " vipsania agrippina " by birth, although there are no contemporary sources that show that that name was ever used for her. she came to belong to the household of the julio - claudian dynasty as she was raised and instructed by her maternal grandfather augustus. further, augustus adopted tiberius as his son ( and heir ), while tiberius was remarried to julia the elder. augustus became something of a " paternal " grandfather to julia the elder's children, too, including julia the younger. a " formal " adoption " in the family of the caesars " among the offspring of agrippa and julia the elder is however only recorded regarding vipsania julia's brothers gaius vipsanius agrippa — hence gaius julius caesar — and lucius vipsanius agrippa — hence lucius julius caesar. her younger sister agrippina the elder and youngest full brother, marcus vipsanius agrippa postumus, were named after their natural father only until agrippa postumus was adopted by augustus as " marcus julius caesar agrippa postumus ". likewise, her eldest half - sisters, vipsania agrippina and vipsania marcella, were named after their father. her younger half - brother, unnamed in contemporary sources, was later sometimes dubbed " tiberillus, " after his father tiberius, and died young. during his term as praetor
text: . the battle of philippi was the final battle in the wars of the second triumvirate between the forces of mark antony and octavian ( of the second triumvirate ) and the leaders of julius caesar's assassination, marcus junius brutus and gaius cassius longinus in 42 bc, at philippi in macedonia. the second triumvirate declared this civil war ostensibly to avenge julius caesar's assassination in 44 bc, but the underlying cause was a long - brewing conflict between the so - called optimates and the so - called populares. indutiomarus ( died 53 bce ) was a leading aristocrat of the treveri ( the people of the area around present - day trier ) at the time of julius caesar's conquest of gaul. he was the head of the anti - roman party and the political rival of his pro - roman son - in - law cingetorix for " supreme power " in the state. on 25 february 1757, burke signed a contract with robert dodsley to write a " history of england from the time of julius caesar to the end of the reign of queen anne ", its length being eighty quarto sheets ( 640 pages ), nearly 400, 000 words. it was to be submitted for publication by christmas 1758. burke completed the work to the year 1216 and stopped ; it was not published until after burke's death, being included in an 1812 collection of his works, entitled an essay towards an abridgement of the english history. g. m. young did not value burke's history and claimed that it was " demonstrably a translation from the french ". lord acton, on commenting on the story that burke stopped his history because david hume published his, said " it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur ". caesar must die ( ) is a 2012 italian drama film directed by paolo and vittorio taviani. the film competed at the 62nd berlin international film festival where it won the golden bear. the film is set in rebibbia prison ( suburb of rome ), and follows convicts in their rehearsals ahead of a prison performance of " julius caesar ". ferdinand leitner ( 4 march 1912 in berlin – 3 june 1996 in zurich ) was a german conductor. leitner studied under franz schreker, julius pruwer, artur schnabel and karl muck. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a
text: of march a turning point in roman history. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'', made famous by its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is uttered by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus brutus at the moment of the former's assassination. the latin expression first occurs in elizabethan literary texts. the quotation is widely used in the english - speaking world to signify the unexpected betrayal by a person, such as a friend. the triumphs of caesar are a series of nine large paintings created by the italian renaissance artist andrea mantegna between 1484 and 1492 for the gonzaga ducal palace, mantua. they depict a triumphal military parade celebrating the victory of julius caesar in the gallic wars. acknowledged from the time of mantegna as his greatest masterpiece, they remain the most complete pictorial representation of a roman triumph ever attempted and together they form the world's largest metric area of italian renaissance paintings outside italy. acquired by charles i in 1629, they now form part of the royal collection at hampton court palace near london, where they occupy a special gallery, with a new continuous frame intended to capture their original setting, mounted into panelling. the battle of philippi was the final battle in the wars of the second triumvirate between the forces of mark antony and octavian ( of the second triumvirate ) and the leaders of julius caesar's assassination, marcus junius brutus and gaius cassius longinus in 42 bc, at philippi in macedonia. the second triumvirate declared this civil war ostensibly to avenge julius caesar's assassination in 44 bc, but the underlying cause was a long - brewing conflict between the so - called optimates and the so - called populares. indutiomarus ( died 53 bce ) was a leading aristocrat of the treveri ( the people of the area around present - day trier ) at the time of julius caesar's conquest of gaul. he was the head of the anti - roman party and the political rival of his pro - roman son - in - law cingetorix for " supreme power " in the state. on 25 february 1757, burke signed a contract with robert dodsley to write a " history of england from the time of julius caesar to the end of the reign of queen anne ", its length being eighty quarto
text: is a french novelist and recipient of the 2014 nobel prize in literature. he previously won the 2012 austrian state prize for european literature, the 2010 prix mondial cino del duca from the institut de france for lifetime achievement, the 1978 prix goncourt for " rue des boutiques obscures ", and the 1972 grand prix du roman de l'academie francaise for " les boulevards de ceinture ". his works have been translated into more than 30 languages and have been celebrated in and around france, but most of his novels had not been translated into english before he was awarded the nobel prize. rachael finch ( born 8 july 1988 ) is an australian tv host, model, and beauty pageant titleholder. she was awarded the'people's choice award'for the 2006 miss teen australia and finished as 3rd runner - up at miss universe 2009. william childress ( born in hugo, oklahoma, february 5, 1933 ) is an american writer, author, poet, and photojournalist. childress has received numerous awards, prizes, and accolades for his writing and poetry, and is regarded as one of the foremost poets of the korean war by at least two critics. six laureates have received more than one prize ; of the six, the international committee of the red cross has received the nobel peace prize three times, more than any other. unhcr has been awarded the nobel peace prize twice. also the nobel prize in physics was awarded to john bardeen twice, and the nobel prize in chemistry to frederick sanger. two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field : marie curie ( physics and chemistry ) and linus pauling ( chemistry and peace ). among the 892 nobel laureates, 48 have been women ; the first woman to receive a nobel prize was marie curie, who received the nobel prize in physics in 1903. she was also the first person ( male or female ) to be awarded two nobel prizes, the second award being the nobel prize in chemistry, given in 1911. the skriker is a 1994 play by caryl churchill that tells the story of an ancient fairy who, during the course of the play, transforms into a plethora of objects and people as it pursues lily and josie, two teenage mothers whom it befriends, manipulates, seduces and entraps. whilst speaking english in its human incarnations, the skriker ’ s own language consists of broken and fragmented word play. blending naturalism, horror and
text: ##endra prasad 26 january 1950 formation the constitution of india january 26, 1950 ; 67 years ago ( 1950 - 01 - 26 ) deputy vice president of india salary ₹150, 000 ( us $ 2, 300 ) ( per month ) website president of india the juno awards are named in honour of pierre juneau, the first president of the canadian radio - television and telecommunications commission ( crtc ) and former president of the canadian broadcasting corporation ( cbc ). there is no formal provision that recipients of the bharat ratna should be indian citizens. it has been awarded to a naturalised indian citizen, mother teresa in 1980, and to two non - indians, khan abdul ghaffar khan of pakistan in 1987 and the former south african president nelson mandela in 1990. sachin tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first athlete to receive the honour. in a special ceremony on 18 april 1958, dhondo keshav karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. as of 2015, the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations. grant's first stand is the debut album by american jazz guitarist grant green featuring performances by green recorded and released on the blue note label in 1961. earlier recordings made by green for blue note were released as " first session " in 2001. actress / director / singer phylicia rashad is the older sister of performer debbie allen, who is married to former nba basketball player, norm nixon. phylicia rashad is the former spouse of both victor willis, former lead singer of the group village people, and former nfl football player turned sportscaster, ahmad rashad. phylicia and ahmad rashad are the parents of actress condola rashad. for the ancient egyptians, green had very positive associations. the hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. in wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, osiris, was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. it was worn by both the living and dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. it also symbolized the sea, which was called the " very green. " green
text: private agreement, now known as the first triumvirate. under the agreement, pompey's arrangements would be ratified. caesar would be elected consul in 59 bc, and would then serve as governor of gaul for five years. crassus was promised a future consulship. the cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries bc used copper lumps as money. at first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. julius caesar had his own coins made from brass, while octavianus augustus caesar's coins were made from cu - pb - sn alloys. with an estimated annual output of around 15, 000 t, roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the industrial revolution ; the provinces most intensely mined were those of hispania, cyprus and in central europe. the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'' it is notable for its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is spoken by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus junius brutus at the moment of caesar's assassination. the first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier elizabethan plays ; henry vi, part 3 by shakespeare, and an even earlier play, caesar interfectus, by richard eedes. the phrase is often used apart from the plays to signify an unexpected betrayal by a friend. the ides of march ( latin : idus martiae, late latin : idus martii ) is a day on the roman calendar that corresponds to 15 march. it was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the romans as a deadline for settling debts. in 44 bc, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of julius caesar which made the ides
text: mt 1 : 18 - 25 ] according to the apocryphal gospel of james, mary was the daughter of saint joachim and saint anne. before mary's conception, anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the temple in jerusalem when she was three years old, much like hannah took samuel to the tabernacle as recorded in the old testament. some apocryphal accounts state that at the time of her betrothal to joseph, mary was 12 – 14 years old, and he was thirty years old, but such accounts are unreliable. ephesus is a cultic centre of mary, the site of the first church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. ephesus was previously a centre for worship of artemis a virgin goddess. the temple of artemis at ephesus being regarded as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world the cult of mary was furthered by queen theodora in the 6th century. according to william e. phipps, in the book survivals of roman religion " gordon laing argues convincingly that the worship of artemis as both virgin and mother at the grand ephesian temple contributed to the veneration of mary. " tricia marie mcmillan, also known as trillian astra, is a fictional character from douglas adams'series the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy. she is most commonly referred to simply as ` ` trillian'', a modification of her birth name, which she adopted because it sounded more ` ` space - like''. according to the movie version, her middle name is marie. physically, she is described as ` ` a slim, darkish humanoid, with long waves of black hair, a full mouth, an odd little knob of a nose and ridiculously brown eyes,'' looking ` ` vaguely arabic.'' in the u. s., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the vital records office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. birth in the u. s. establishes automatic eligibility for american citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a u. s. passport. however, the u. s. state department does issue a consular report of birth abroad for children born to u. s. citizens ( who are also eligible for citizenship ), including births on military bases in foreign territory. constance marie lopez ( born september 9,
text: civil war and ultimately to the principate period of the roman empire. in 62 bc, pompey returned victorious from asia. the senate, elated by its successes against catiline, refused to ratify the arrangements that pompey had made. pompey, in effect, became powerless. thus, when julius caesar returned from a governorship in spain in 61 bc, he found it easy to make an arrangement with pompey. caesar and pompey, along with crassus, established a private agreement, now known as the first triumvirate. under the agreement, pompey's arrangements would be ratified. caesar would be elected consul in 59 bc, and would then serve as governor of gaul for five years. crassus was promised a future consulship. the cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries bc used copper lumps as money. at first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. julius caesar had his own coins made from brass, while octavianus augustus caesar's coins were made from cu - pb - sn alloys. with an estimated annual output of around 15, 000 t, roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the industrial revolution ; the provinces most intensely mined were those of hispania, cyprus and in central europe. the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'' it is notable for its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is spoken by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus junius brutus at the moment of caesar's assassination. the first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier elizabethan plays ; henry vi, part 3 by shakespeare, and an even earlier play
text: the ten most densely populated areas of the eu. the united states of america ( usa ), commonly known as the united states ( u. s. ) or america, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self - governing territories, and various possessions. at 3. 8 million square miles ( 9. 8 million km ) and with over 325 million people, the united states is the world's third - or fourth - largest country by total area and the third - most populous. the capital is washington, d. c., and the largest city by population is new york city. forty - eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous and located in north america between canada and mexico. the state of alaska is in the northwest corner of north america, bordered by canada to the east and across the bering strait from russia to the west. the state of hawaii is an archipelago in the mid - pacific ocean. the u. s. territories are scattered about the pacific ocean and the caribbean sea, stretching across nine official time zones. the extremely diverse geography, climate, and wildlife of the united states make it one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries. the city had a population of 1, 307, 402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372. 1 square miles ( 963. 7 km2 ). the urban area of san diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2, 956, 746, making it the third - largest urban area in the state, after that of the los angeles metropolitan area and san francisco metropolitan area. they, along with the riverside – san bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in california larger than the san diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3, 095, 313 at the 2010 census. although china's agricultural output is the largest in the world, only about 15 % of its total land area can be cultivated. china's arable land, which represents 10 % of the total arable land in the world, supports over 20 % of the world's population. of this approximately 1. 4 million square kilometers of arable land, only about 1. 2 % ( 116, 580 square kilometers ) permanently supports crops and 525, 800 square kilometers are irrigated. the land is divided into approximately 200 million households, with an average land allocation of just 0. 65 hectares ( 1. 6 acres ). canada ( / ˈkænədə /
text: now known as ( us - india chamber of commerce ) who is known for his involvement of the senate india caucus. he was awarded the padma shree, the fourth highest civilian award, by the government of india, in 2014, for his services to the trade and industry. the bharat ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or gender is eligible for this award. it is awarded in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. on conferment of the award, the recipient receives a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a medallion. on 4 april 1952, vishwanath was honoured by the first president of india, rajendra prasad, at the golden jubilee celebrations of the gandharva mahavidyalaya at delhi. the bharat ratna ( hindi pronunciation : ( bhaːrət rətnə ) ; jewel of india ) is the highest civilian award of the republic of india. instituted in 1954, the award is conferred ` ` in recognition of exceptional service / performance of the highest order'', without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. the award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include ` ` any field of human endeavour'' in december 2011. the recommendations for the bharat ratna are made by the prime minister to the president, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. recipients receive a sanad ( certificate ) signed by the president and a peepal - leaf - - shaped medallion ; there is no monetary grant associated with the award. bharat ratna recipients rank seventh in the indian order of precedence. r. vasudevan was an indian civil servant, and served as special secretary to the prime minister of india ( rajiv gandhi ), as also secretary, ministry of steel and ministry of power, government of india. born in the south indian state of tamil nadu, vasudevan was the holder of master's degrees in economics from the university of delhi and in public administration from harvard university. he died on 25 july 2010. the government of india honoured him, posthumously, in 2015, with the award of padma shri, the fourth highest indian civilian award. a. p. j. abdul kalam 11th president of india in office 25 july 2002 - - 25 july 2007 prime minister atal bihar
text: chelyabinsk oblast, russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, south of yekaterinburg, just to the east of the ural mountains, on the miass river, on the border of europe and asia. population : the united states shares land borders with canada ( to the north ) and mexico ( to the south ), and a territorial water border with russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between florida and cuba, and florida and the bahamas. the contiguous forty - eight states are otherwise bounded by the pacific ocean on the west, the atlantic ocean on the east, and the gulf of mexico to the southeast. alaska borders the pacific ocean to the south, the bering strait to the west, and the arctic ocean to the north, while hawaii lies far to the southwest of the mainland in the pacific ocean. each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the northern territory, the act and queensland, and bicameral in the other states. the states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the commonwealth as defined by the constitution. the lower houses are known as the legislative assembly ( the house of assembly in south australia and tasmania ) ; the upper houses are known as the legislative council. the head of the government in each state is the premier and in each territory the chief minister. the queen is represented in each state by a governor ; and in the northern territory, the administrator. in the commonwealth, the queen's representative is the governor - general. the commonwealth parliament also directly administers the following external territories : ashmore and cartier islands ; australian antarctic territory ; christmas island ; cocos ( keeling ) islands ; coral sea islands ; heard island and mcdonald islands ; and jervis bay territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of new south wales. the external territory of norfolk island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the norfolk island act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an administrator to represent the queen. in 2015, the commonwealth parliament abolished self - government, integrating norfolk island into the australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. macquarie island is administered by tasmania, and lord howe island by new south wales. the canada - - united states border ( french : frontiere entre le canada et les etats - unis ), officially known as the international boundary, is the longest international border in the world between two countries. it is shared between canada and the united states, the
text: would be elected consul in 59 bc, and would then serve as governor of gaul for five years. crassus was promised a future consulship. the cultural role of copper has been important, particularly in currency. romans in the 6th through 3rd centuries bc used copper lumps as money. at first, the copper itself was valued, but gradually the shape and look of the copper became more important. julius caesar had his own coins made from brass, while octavianus augustus caesar's coins were made from cu - pb - sn alloys. with an estimated annual output of around 15, 000 t, roman copper mining and smelting activities reached a scale unsurpassed until the time of the industrial revolution ; the provinces most intensely mined were those of hispania, cyprus and in central europe. the exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. historians have variously proposed julius caesar's crossing of the rubicon river in 49 bc, caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 bc, and the defeat of mark antony and cleopatra at the battle of actium in 31 bc. however, most use the same date as did the ancient romans themselves, the roman senate's grant of extraordinary powers to octavian and his adopting the title augustus in 27 bc, as the defining event ending the republic. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ ) ) is a latin phrase meaning ` ` even you, brutus?'' it is notable for its occurrence in william shakespeare's play julius caesar, where it is spoken by the roman dictator julius caesar to his friend marcus junius brutus at the moment of caesar's assassination. the first known occurrences of the phrase are said to be in two earlier elizabethan plays ; henry vi, part 3 by shakespeare, and an even earlier play, caesar interfectus, by richard eedes. the phrase is often used apart from the plays to signify an unexpected betrayal by a friend. the ides of march ( latin : idus martiae, late latin : idus martii ) is a day on the roman calendar that corresponds to 15 march. it was marked by several religious observances and was notable for the romans as a deadline for settling debts. in 44 bc, it became notorious as the date of the assassination of julius caesar which made the ides of march a turning point in roman history. et tu, brute? ( pronounced ( ɛt ˈtuː ˈbruːtɛ
text: and georges haussmann, who ran a grain business. his mother was british, from a christian family of welsh and irish descent. his father was an alsatian - born jew. he was educated in england at clifton college, became a british subject, and worked in the grain trade in london before emigrating to the united states in 1925, where he took the stage name of john houseman. he became a united states citizen in 1943. julius caesar is a 1953 epic metro - goldwyn - mayer film adaptation of the play by shakespeare, directed by joseph l. mankiewicz, who also wrote the uncredited screenplay, and produced by john houseman. the original music score is by miklos rozsa. the film stars marlon brando as mark antony, james mason as brutus, john gielgud as cassius, louis calhern as julius caesar, edmond o'brien as casca, greer garson as calpurnia, and deborah kerr as portia. arlind rustemi ( born 7 february 1986 in vlore ) is an albanian footballer who plays as a forward. as of the 2010 – 11 season he played for kf vlora in the albanian first division. in october 2011 he moved to maltese side rabat ajax, and scored on his debut. whitefield park was a football ground in cambuslang, scotland. it was the home ground of cambuslang f. c. between 1888 and 1897, including their two seasons in the scottish football league. simons started playing football at fc amstelland. he played for sc telstar, fortuna sittard, nac, willem ii ( football club ), kyoto purple sanga ( japan ), ado den haag and top oss. in his best time he was employed by fortuna sittard. in the 1998 – 99 season he had a big contribution with two goals in the 1 – 3 victory over ajax in amsterdam arena. in that same year he scored four times in the 6 – 4 home win against psv eindhoven. after his professional career he defended several years the colors of fc turkiyemspor, an amsterdam amateur club playing in the top sunday league. from summer 2008 he played for the afc ajax ( amateurs ) for two years. gervais batota ( born 10 march 1982 in brazzaville ) is a french - congolese footballer. he currently plays for fcm targoviste. in january 2011 he signed a - year contract with fus de ra
text: ##4 – 6 april 1698 ), was born at saint - die, lorraine in northeastern france. it is not known where or when li kening was born, but it is known that he was li keyong's youngest brother and therefore would have been born after 856, when li keyong was born. their father was the ethnic shatuo general li guochang, whose name was originally zhuye chixin but was later bestowed the tang dynasty imperial clan name of li and a new name of guochang, but because li kening's birth year is unknown, it is not known whether he would have been born with the name of li or zhuye. he was said to be kind and filially pious, and ( despite his eventual fate ) described to be the most virtuous among li keyong's brothers and cousins. queen dong ( 17 october 1623 – 30 july 1681 ), birth name dong you, posthumous name chaowu wangfei, was the princess consort of koxinga and mother of zheng jing. aklia is a small village in the mansa district of punjab, india. the village is 24 kilometers from the cities of mansa and barnala. there are three gurdwaras situated in the village, as well as a temple and a small mosque. there is an estimated population of 5000 people living in the residence / village of aklia. the birth of the village is usually referenced to as a man whose name was aklia, he fought to keep the village alive even after the villagers gave up hope. according to this narrative, shortly after the birth of young prince gautama, an astrologer named asita visited the young prince's father, suddhodana, and prophesied that siddhartha would either become a great king or renounce the material world to become a holy man, depending on whether he saw what life was like outside the palace walls. chan married zuckerberg on may 19, 2012, the day after facebook's stock market launch. on july 31, 2015, zuckerberg announced that he and chan were expecting a baby girl. he said he felt confident that the risk of miscarrying was low so far into the pregnancy, after chan had already had three miscarriages. chan and zuckerberg announced the birth of their daughter maxima chan zuckerberg on december 1, 2015. on august 28, 2017, chan gave birth to their second daughter, whom they named august. however cornelius clifford places his

Question: Where did the producer of Julius Caesar study or work?
Answer: Clifton College