Quantifying reliance on external information over parametric knowledge during Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) using mechanistic analysis

Venue: EMNLP_2024_Workshop_BlackBoxNLP
Published: 2024-08-19 23:46:26

Abstract: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a widely used approach for leveraging external context in several natural language applications such as question answering and information retrieval. Yet, the exact nature in which a Language Model (LM) leverages this non-parametric memory or retrieved context isn't clearly understood. This paper mechanistically examines the RAG pipeline to highlight that LMs demonstrate a  "shortcut'' effect and have a strong bias towards utilizing the retrieved context to answer questions, while relying minimally on model priors. We propose (a) Causal Mediation Analysis; for proving that parametric memory is minimally utilized when answering a question and (b) Attention Contributions and Knockouts for showing the last token residual stream do not get enriched from the subject token in the question, but gets enriched from tokens of RAG-context. We find this pronounced "shortcut'' behaviour to be true across both LLMs (e.g.,LlaMa) and SLMs (e.g., Phi)

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 . Ad-029 ditionally, researchers have also explored short-030 comings of RAG systems, such as inconsistent re-031 sponses (Liu et al., 2023) and only (Wu et al., 2024) 032 delved into the balance between a model's internal  
 
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Decision: Good fit for the workshop.