English: The EU, national and regional governments have designed and implemented different types of cluster policy tools. Although the approach and the terminology differ, these policies share a number of key objectives and characteristics: (i) the policies deal with broad issues, as they are seen as an instrument to promote economic development and structural changes, (ii) they are based on improved business cooperation and networking, (iii) they emphasise the linking of firms to the (regional) technological infrastructure, (iv) the policies emphasise the role of public or semi-public organisations as mediators in e ncouraging inter-firm networks and joint projects, (v) they underline the need to improve innovation capability, knowledge management etc. in firms by improving the interactive learning process between firms and their environment, (vi) they focus on the need to stimulate the creation of specialised factors, and specialised knowledge in particular, and (vii) some policies stress the need to reach critical masses of firms, regional located organisations and regional co-operation.
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