neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
# run a command and save the output to separate files
pssh -H {{host1}} -H {{host2}} -o {{path/to/output_dir}} {{hostname -i}}
# run a command on multiple hosts, specified in a newline separated file
pssh -i -h {{path/to/hosts_file}} {{hostname -i}}
# run a command as root (this asks for the root password)
pssh -i -h {{path/to/hosts_file}} -A -l {{root_username}} {{hostname -i}}
# run a command with extra ssh arguments
pssh -i -h {{path/to/hosts_file}} -x "{{-O VisualHostKey=yes}}" {{hostname -i}}
# run a command limiting the number of parallel connections to 10
pssh -i -h {{path/to/hosts_file}} -p {{10}} '{{cd dir; ./script.sh; exit}}'
# open the homepage of the current repository in the default web browser
gh browse
# open the homepage of a specific repository in the default web browser
gh browse {{owner}}/{{repository}}
# open the settings page of the current repository in the default web browser
gh browse --settings
# open the wiki of the current repository in the default web browser
gh browse --wiki
# open a specific issue or pull request in the web browser
gh browse {{issue_or_pull_request_number}}
# open a specific branch in the web browser
gh browse --branch {{branch_name}}
# open a specific file or directory of the current repository in the web browser
gh browse {{path_from_root_of_repository}}
# print the destination url without open the web browser
gh browse --no-browser
# add files or directories to the staging area
hg add {{path/to/file}}
# add all unstaged files matching a specified pattern
hg add --include {{pattern}}
# add all unstaged files, excluding those that match a specified pattern
hg add --exclude {{pattern}}
# recursively add subrepositories
hg add --subrepos
# perform a testrun without performing any actions
hg add --dry-run
# print the 5th item from a line (starting from 0)
choose {{4}}
# print the first, 3rd, and 5th item from a line, where items are separated by '' instead of whitespace
choose --field-separator '{{:}}' {{0}} {{2}} {{4}}
# print everything from the 2nd to 5th item on the line, including the 5th
choose {{1}}:{{4}}
# print everything from the 2nd to 5th item on the line, excluding the 5th
choose --exclusive {{1}}:{{4}}
# print the beginning of the line to the 3rd item
choose :{{2}}
# print all items from the beginning of the line until the 3rd item (exclusive)
choose --exclusive :{{2}}
# print all items from the 3rd to the end of the line
choose {{2}}:
# print the last item from a line
choose {{-1}}
# extract the second column from a csv file
csvtool --column {{2}} {{path/to/file.csv}}
# extract the second and fourth columns from a csv file
csvtool --column {{2,4}} {{path/to/file.csv}}
# extract lines from a csv file where the second column exactly matches 'foo'
csvtool --column {{2}} --search '{{^Foo$}}' {{path/to/file.csv}}
# extract lines from a csv file where the second column starts with 'bar'
csvtool --column {{2}} --search '{{^Bar}}' {{path/to/file.csv}}
# find lines in a csv file where the second column ends with 'baz' and then extract the third and sixth columns
csvtool --column {{2}} --search '{{Baz$}}' {{path/to/file.csv}} | csvtool --no-header --column {{3,6}}
# rename all files with a certain extension to a different extension
mmv "*{{.old_extension}}" "#1{{.new_extension}}"
# copy `report6part4.txt` to `./french/rapport6partie4.txt` along with all similarly named files
mmv -c "{{report*part*.txt}}" "{{./french/rapport#1partie#2.txt}}"
# append all `.txt` files into one file
mmv -a "{{*.txt}}" "{{all.txt}}"
# convert dates in filenames from "mdy" format to "dmy" format
mmv "{{[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9]-[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9].txt}}" "{{#3#4-#1#2-#5#6#7#8.txt}}"
# deploy a dockerized application to kubernetes
kompose up -f {{docker-compose.yml}}
# delete instantiated services/deployments from kubernetes
kompose down -f {{docker-compose.yml}}
# convert a dockercompose file into kubernetes resources file
kompose convert -f {{docker-compose.yml}}
# first import feed urls from an opml file
newsboat -i {{my-feeds.xml}}
# alternatively, add feeds manually
echo {{http://example.com/path/to/feed}} >> "${HOME}/.newsboat/urls"
# start newsboat and refresh all feeds on startup
newsboat -r
# see keyboard shortcuts (the most relevant are visible in the status line)
?
# send an email using the default account configured in `~/.msmtprc`
echo "{{Hello world}}" | msmtp {{to@example.org}}
# send an email using a specific account configured in `~/.msmtprc`
echo "{{Hello world}}" | msmtp --account={{account_name}} {{to@example.org}}
# send an email without a configured account. the password should be specified in the `~/.msmtprc` file
echo "{{Hello world}}" | msmtp --host={{localhost}} --port={{999}} --from={{from@example.org}} {{to@example.org}}
# view documentation for the original command
tldr pio project
# start an interactive lua shell
lua
# execute a lua script
lua {{script_name.lua}} {{--optional-argument}}
# execute a lua expression
lua -e '{{print( "Hello World" )}}'
# parse and execute a perl script
perl {{script.pl}}
# check syntax errors on a perl script
perl -c {{script.pl}}
# parse and execute a perl statement
perl -e {{perl_statement}}
# run a perl script in debug mode, using `perldebug`
perl -d {{script.pl}}
# loo[p] over all lines of a file, editing them [i]nplace using a find/replace [e]xpression
perl -p -i -e 's/{{find}}/{{replace}}/g' {{filename}}
# run a find/replace expression on a file, saving the original file with a given extension
perl -p -i'.old' -e 's/{{find}}/{{replace}}/g' {{filename}}
# run a multiline find/replace expression on a file, and save the result in another file
perl -p0e 's/{{foo\nbar}}/{{foobar}}/g' {{input_file}} > {{output_file}}
# run a regular expression on stdin, printing out the first capture group for each line
cat {{path/to/input_file}} | perl -nle 'if (/.*({{foo}}).*/) {print "$1"; last;}'
# decode an apk file
apktool d {{file.apk}}
# build an apk file from a directory
apktool b {{path/to/directory}}
# install and store frameworks
apktool if {{framework.apk}}
# display the section headers of a given binary
wasm-objdump -h {{file.wasm}}
# display the entire disassembled output of a given binary
wasm-objdump -d {{file.wasm}}
# display the details of each section
wasm-objdump --details {{file.wasm}}
# display the details of a given section
wasm-objdump --section '{{import}}' --details {{file.wasm}}
# display a list of available rulesets and formats
phpmd
# scan a file or directory for problems using commaseparated rulesets
phpmd {{path/to/file_or_directory}} {{xml|text|html}} {{rulesets}}
# specify the minimum priority threshold for rules
phpmd {{path/to/file_or_directory}} {{xml|text|html}} {{rulesets}} --minimumpriority {{priority}}
# include only the specified extensions in analysis
phpmd {{path/to/file_or_directory}} {{xml|text|html}} {{rulesets}} --suffixes {{extensions}}
# exclude the specified commaseparated directories
phpmd {{path/to/file_or_directory}} {{xml|text|html}} {{rulesets}} --exclude {{directory_patterns}}
# output the results to a file instead of stdout
phpmd {{path/to/file_or_directory}} {{xml|text|html}} {{rulesets}} --reportfile {{path/to/report_file}}
# ignore the use of warningsuppressive phpdoc comments
phpmd {{path/to/file_or_directory}} {{xml|text|html}} {{rulesets}} --strict
# run maintenance on each of a list of repositories stored in the `maintenance.repo` user configuration variable
git for-each-repo --config={{maintenance.repo}} {{maintenance run}}
# run `git pull` on each repository listed in a global configuration variable
git for-each-repo --config={{global_configuration_variable}} {{pull}}
# mount an encrypted filesystem. the initialization wizard will be started on the first execution
cryfs {{path/to/cipher_dir}} {{path/to/mount_point}}
# unmount an encrypted filesystem
cryfs-unmount {{path/to/mount_point}}
# automatically unmount after ten minutes of inactivity
cryfs --unmount-idle {{10}} {{path/to/cipher_dir}} {{path/to/mount_point}}
# show a list of supported ciphers
cryfs --show-ciphers
# connect to a server
openconnect {{vpn.example.org}}
# connect to a server, forking into the background
openconnect --background {{vpn.example.org}}
# terminate the connection that is running in the background
killall -SIGINT openconnect
# connect to a server, reading options from a config file
openconnect --config={{path/to/file}} {{vpn.example.org}}
# connect to a server and authenticate with a specific ssl client certificate
openconnect --certificate={{path/to/file}} {{vpn.example.org}}
# compile a dvi document
latex {{source.tex}}
# compile a dvi document, specifying an output directory
latex -output-directory={{path/to/directory}} {{source.tex}}
# compile a dvi document, exiting on each error
latex -halt-on-error {{source.tex}}
# display the status of changed files
hg status
# display only modified files
hg status --modified
# display only added files
hg status --added
# display only removed files
hg status --removed
# display only deleted (but tracked) files
hg status --deleted
# display changes in the working directory compared to a specified changeset
hg status --rev {{revision}}
# display only files matching a specified glob pattern
hg status --include {{pattern}}
# display files, excluding those that match a specified glob pattern
hg status --exclude {{pattern}}
# make a virtual mosaic from all tiff files contained in a directory
gdalbuildvrt {{path/to/output.vrt}} {{path/to/input_directory/*.tif}}
# make a virtual mosaic from files whose name is specified in a text file
gdalbuildvrt -input_file_list {{path/to/list.txt}} {{path/to/output.vrt}}
# make an rgb virtual mosaic from 3 singleband input files
gdalbuildvrt -separate {{path/to/rgb.vrt}} {{path/to/red.tif}} {{path/to/green.tif}} {{path/to/blue.tif}}
# make a virtual mosaic with blue background colour (rgb 0 0 255)
gdalbuildvrt -hidenodata -vrtnodata "{{0 0 255}}" {{path/to/output.vrt}} {{path/to/input_directory/*.tif}}
# start git cola
git cola
# start git cola in amend mode
git cola --amend
# prompt for a git repository. defaults to the current directory
git cola --prompt
# open the git repository at mentioned path
git cola --repo {{path/to/git-repository}}
# apply the path filter to the status widget
git cola --status-filter {{filter}}
# lint a single css file
csslint {{file.css}}
# lint multiple css files
csslint {{file1.css}} {{file2.css}} {{file3.css}}
# list all possible style rules
csslint --list-rules
# specify certain rules as errors (which result in a nonzero exit code)
csslint --errors={{errors,universal-selector,imports}} {{file.css}}
# specify certain rules as warnings
csslint --warnings={{box-sizing,selector-max,floats}} {{file.css}}
# specify certain rules to ignore
csslint --ignore={{ids,rules-count,shorthand}} {{file.css}}
# start a repl (interactive shell)
python
# execute script in a given python file
python {{script.py}}
# execute script as part of an interactive shell
python -i {{script.py}}
# execute a python expression
python -c "{{expression}}"
# run library module as a script (terminates option list)
python -m {{module}} {{arguments}}
# install a package using pip
python -m pip install {{package_name}}
# interactively debug a python script
python -m pdb {{script.py}}
# launch a git daemon with a whitelisted set of directories
git daemon --export-all {{path/to/directory1}} {{path/to/directory2}}
# launch a git daemon with a specific base directory and allow pulling from all subdirectories that look like git repositories
git daemon --base-path={{path/to/directory}} --export-all --reuseaddr
# launch a git daemon for the specified directory, verbosely printing log messages and allowing git clients to write to it
git daemon {{path/to/directory}} --enable=receive-pack --informative-errors --verbose
# display the name of the root window
xprop -root WM_NAME
# display the window manager hints for a window
xprop -name "{{window_name}}" WM_HINTS
# display the point size of a font
xprop -font "{{font_name}}" POINT_SIZE
# display all the properties of the window with the id 0x200007
xprop -id {{0x200007}}
# remove the specified file if it is the last link
unlink {{path/to/file}}
# stash current changes, except new (untracked) files
git stash [push -m {{optional_stash_message}}]
# stash current changes, including new (untracked) files
git stash -u
# interactively select parts of changed files for stashing
git stash -p
# list all stashes (shows stash name, related branch and message)
git stash list
# apply a stash (default is the latest, named stash@{0})
git stash apply {{optional_stash_name_or_commit}}
# apply a stash (default is stash@{0}), and remove it from the stash list if applying doesn't cause conflicts
git stash pop {{optional_stash_name}}
# drop a stash (default is stash@{0})
git stash drop {{optional_stash_name}}
# drop all stashes
git stash clear
# run in interactive mode
units
# list all units containing a specific string in interactive mode
search {{string}}
# show the conversion between two simple units
units {{quarts}} {{tablespoons}}
# convert between units with quantities
units "{{15 pounds}}" {{kilograms}}
# show the conversion between two compound units
units "{{meters / second}}" "{{inches / hour}}"
# show the conversion between units with different dimensions
units "{{acres}}" "{{ft^2}}"
# show the conversion of byte multipliers
units "{{15 megabytes}}" {{bytes}}
# measure power with the default of 10 samples with an interval of 10 seconds
powerstat
# measure power with custom number of samples and interval duration
powerstat {{interval}} {{number_of_samples}}
# measure power using intel's rapl interface
powerstat -R {{interval}} {{number_of_samples}}
# show a histogram of the power measurements
powerstat -H {{interval}} {{number_of_samples}}
# enable all statistics gathering options
powerstat -a {{interval}} {{number_of_samples}}
# install a ruby version
rbenv install {{version}}
# display a list of the latest stable versions for each ruby
rbenv install --list
# display a list of installed ruby versions
rbenv versions
# use a specific ruby version across the whole system
rbenv global {{version}}
# use a specific ruby version for an application/project directory
rbenv local {{version}}
# display the currently selected ruby version
rbenv version
# uninstall a ruby version
rbenv uninstall {{version}}
# display all ruby versions that contain the specified executable
rbenv whence {{executable}}
# check the spelling of a file
hunspell {{path/to/file}}
# check the spelling of a file with the en_us dictionary
hunspell -d {{en_US}} {{path/to/file}}
# list misspelled words in a file
hunspell -l {{path/to/file}}
# run calculator in interactive mode
dc
# execute dc script in file
dc -f {{file}}
# calculate 4 times 5 [4 5 *], subtract 17 [17 ], and [p]rint the output (using echo)
echo "4 5 * 17 - p"| dc
# set number of decimal places to 7 [7 k], calculate 5 divided by 3 [5 _3 /] and [p]rint (using dc e)
dc -e "7 k 5 _3 / p"
# calculate the golden ratio, phi set number of decimal places to 100 [100 k], square root of 5 [5 v] plus 1 [1 +], divided by 2 [2 /], and [p]rint result
dc -e "100 k 5 v 1 + 2 / p"
# pretend that a modified file is unchanged (`git status` will not show this as changed)
git update-index --skip-worktree {{path/to/modified_file}}
# remove directory, provided it is empty. use `rm r` to remove nonempty directories
rmdir {{path/to/directory}}
# remove the target and its parent directories (useful for nested dirs)
rmdir -p {{path/to/directory}}
# specify a config file
mongod --config {{filename}}
# specify the port to listen on
mongod --port {{port}}
# specify database profiling level. 0 is off, 1 is only slow operations, 2 is all
mongod --profile {{0|1|2}}
# create an autonamed `.patch` file for all the unpushed commits
git format-patch {{origin}}
# write a `.patch` file for all the commits between 2 revisions to stdout
git format-patch {{revision_1}}..{{revision_2}}
# write a `.patch` file for the 3 latest commits
git format-patch -{{3}}
# start a sudoku game
nudoku
# choose the difficulty of the game
nudoku -d {{easy|normal|hard}}
# navigate the board
{{h|j|k|l}} OR {{Left|Down|Up|Right}} arrow key
# delete a number
{{Backspace|x}}
# get a hint
H
# see the complete solution
S
# create a new puzzle
N
# quit the game
Q
# initialise a project
jigsaw init
# initialise a project using a starter template
jigsaw init {{template_name}}
# build the site for development
jigsaw build
# preview the site from the "build_local" directory
jigsaw serve
# build the site for production
jigsaw build production
# preview the site from the "build_production" directory
jigsaw serve {{build_production}}
# start a new screen session
screen
# start a new named screen session
screen -S {{session_name}}
# start a new daemon and log the output to `screenlog.x`
screen -dmLS {{session_name}} {{command}}
# show open screen sessions
screen -ls
# reattach to an open screen
screen -r {{session_name}}
# detach from inside a screen
Ctrl + A, D
# kill the current screen session
Ctrl + A, K
# kill a detached screen
screen -X -S {{session_name}} quit
# find the byte and line number of the first difference between two files
cmp {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# find the byte number and differing bytes of every difference
cmp -l {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# show disk i/o latency using the default values and the current directory
ioping .
# measure latency on /tmp using 10 requests of 1 megabyte each
ioping -c 10 -s 1M /tmp
# measure disk seek rate on `/dev/sdx`
ioping -R {{/dev/sdX}}
# measure disk sequential speed on `/dev/sdx`
ioping -RL {{/dev/sdX}}
# open a compressed file
zmore {{path/to/file.txt.gz}}
# display the next page of the file
<Space>
# search for a pattern in the file (press `n` to go to next match)
/{{regular_expression}}
# display interactive command help
h
# create a new organization
pio org create {{organization_name}}
# delete an organization
pio org destroy {{organization_name}}
# add a user to an organization
pio org add {{organization_name}} {{username}}
# remove a user from an organization
pio org remove {{organization_name}} {{username}}
# list all organizations the current user is a member of and their owners
pio org list
# update the name, email or display name of an organization
pio org update --orgname {{new_organization_name}} --email {{new_email}} --displayname {{new_display_name}} {{organization_name}}
# list all commands that you could run
compgen -c
# list all aliases
compgen -a
# list all functions that you could run
compgen -A function
# show shell reserved keywords
compgen -k
# see all available commands/aliases starting with 'ls'
compgen -ac {{ls}}
# update packages to use new apis
go fix {{packages}}
# display details about the current user
pinky
# display details for a specific user
pinky {{user}}
# display details in the long format
pinky {{user}} -l
# omit the user's home directory and shell in long format
pinky {{user}} -lb
# omit the user's project file in long format
pinky {{user}} -lh
# omit the column headings in short format
pinky {{user}} -f
# encode a file and print the result to stdout
uuencode {{path/to/input_file}} {{output_file_name_after_decoding}}
# encode a file and write the result to a file
uuencode -o {{path/to/output_file}} {{path/to/input_file}} {{output_file_name_after_decoding}}
# encode a file using base64 instead of the default uuencode encoding and write the result to a file
uuencode -m -o {{path/to/output_file}} {{path/to/input_file}} {{output_file_name_after_decoding}}
# disassemble an assembly to textual cil
monodis {{path/to/assembly.exe}}
# save the output to a file
monodis --output={{path/to/output.il}} {{path/to/assembly.exe}}
# show information about an assembly
monodis --assembly {{path/to/assembly.dll}}
# list the references of an assembly
monodis --assemblyref {{path/to/assembly.exe}}
# list all the methods in an assembly
monodis --method {{path/to/assembly.exe}}
# show a list of resources embedded within an assembly
monodis --manifest {{path/to/assembly.dll}}
# extract all the embedded resources to the current directory
monodis --mresources {{path/to/assembly.dll}}
# create a new wallet
electrum -w {{new_wallet.dat}} create
# restore an existing wallet from seed offline
electrum -w {{recovery_wallet.dat}} restore -o
# create a signed transaction offline
electrum mktx {{recipient}} {{amount}} -f 0.0000001 -F {{from}} -o
# display all wallet receiving addresses
electrum listaddresses -a
# sign a message
electrum signmessage {{address}} {{message}}
# verify a message
electrum verifymessage {{address}} {{signature}} {{message}}
# connect only to a specific electrumserver instance
electrum -p socks5:{{127.0.0.1}}:9050 -s {{56ckl5obj37gypcu.onion}}:50001:t -1
# add a file to the index
git stage {{path/to/file}}
# add all files (tracked and untracked)
git stage -A
# only add already tracked files
git stage -u
# also add ignored files
git stage -f
# interactively stage parts of files
git stage -p
# interactively stage parts of a given file
git stage -p {{path/to/file}}
# interactively stage a file
git stage -i
# calculate the sha1 checksum for a file
sha1sum {{path/to/file}}
# calculate sha1 checksums for multiple files
sha1sum {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# calculate and save the list of sha1 checksums to a file
sha1sum {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}} > {{path/to/file.sha1}}
# read a file of sha1 sums and verify all files have matching checksums
sha1sum --check {{path/to/file.sha1}}
# only show a message for files for which verification fails
sha1sum --check --quiet {{path/to/file.sha1}}
# run a command as the superuser
sudo {{less /var/log/syslog}}
# edit a file as the superuser with your default editor
sudo --edit {{/etc/fstab}}
# run a command as another user and/or group
sudo --user={{user}} --group={{group}} {{id -a}}
# repeat the last command prefixed with `sudo` (only in `bash`, `zsh`, etc.)
sudo !!
# launch the default shell with superuser privileges and run loginspecific files (`.profile`, `.bash_profile`, etc.)
sudo --login
# launch the default shell with superuser privileges without changing the environment
sudo --shell
# launch the default shell as the specified user, loading the user's environment and reading loginspecific files (`.profile`, `.bash_profile`, etc.)
sudo --login --user={{user}}
# list the allowed (and forbidden) commands for the invoking user
sudo --list
# create a new project
tmuxinator new {{project}}
# edit a project
tmuxinator edit {{project}}
# list projects
tmuxinator list
# start a tmux session based on project
tmuxinator start {{project}}
# stop a project's tmux session
tmuxinator stop {{project}}
# remove the most recent commit
git undo
# remove a specific number of the most recent commits
git undo {{3}}
# print a list of available subcommands
openssl help
# print options for a specific subcommand
openssl help {{x509}}
# print the version of openssl
openssl version
# download a file
rtmpdump --rtmp {{rtmp://example.com/path/to/video}} -o {{file.ext}}
# download a file from a flash player
rtmpdump --rtmp {{rtmp://example.com/path/to/video}} --swfVfy {{http://example.com/player}} --flashVer "{{LNX 10,0,32,18}}" -o {{file.ext}}
# specify connection parameters if they are not detected correctly
rtmpdump --rtmp {{rtmp://example.com/path/to/video}} --app {{app_name}} --playpath {{path/to/video}} -o {{file.ext}}
# download a file from a server that requires a referrer
rtmpdump --rtmp {{rtmp://example.com/path/to/video}} --pageUrl {{http://example.com/webpage}} -o {{file.ext}}
# check the go package in the current directory
go vet
# check the go package in the specified path
go vet {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# list available checks that can be run with go vet
go tool vet help
# view details and flags for a particular check
go tool vet help {{check_name}}
# display offending lines plus n lines of surrounding context
go vet -c={{N}}
# output analysis and errors in json format
go vet -json
# add the default ssh keys in `~/.ssh` to the sshagent
ssh-add
# add a specific key to the sshagent
ssh-add {{path/to/private_key}}
# list fingerprints of currently loaded keys
ssh-add -l
# delete a key from the sshagent
ssh-add -d {{path/to/private_key}}
# delete all currently loaded keys from the sshagent
ssh-add -D
# add a key to the sshagent and the keychain
ssh-add -K {{path/to/private_key}}
# identify hashes from standard input (through typing, copying and pasting, or piping the hash into the program)
hashid
# identify hashes passed as arguments (multiple hashes can be passed)
hashid {{hash}}
# identify hashes on a file (one hash per line)
hashid {{path/to/hashes.txt}}
# show all possible hash types (including salted hashes)
hashid --extended {{hash}}
# show `hashcat`'s mode number and `john`'s format string of the hash types
hashid --mode --john {{hash}}
# save output to a file instead of printing to standard output
hashid --outfile {{path/to/output.txt}} {{hash}}
# display remote locations, remote and local branches, most recent commit data and `.git/config` settings
git info
# display remote locations, remote and local branches and most recent commit data
git info --no-config
# produce a request summarizing the changes between the v1.1 release and a specified branch
git request-pull {{v1.1}} {{https://example.com/project}} {{branch_name}}
# produce a request summarizing the changes between the v0.1 release on the `foo` branch and the local `bar` branch
git request-pull {{v0.1}} {{https://example.com/project}} {{foo:bar}}
# convert an rdf/xml document to turtle
rapper -i rdfxml -o turtle {{file}}
# count the number of triples in a turtle file
rapper -i turtle -c {{file}}
# create a new feed database that sends email to an email address
r2e new {{email_address}}
# subscribe to a feed
r2e add {{feed_name}} {{feed_URI}}
# send new stories to an email address
r2e run
# list all feeds
r2e list
# delete a feed at a specified index
r2e delete {{index}}
# run a command as root
doas {{command}}
# run a command as another user
doas -u {{user}} {{command}}
# launch the default shell as root
doas -s
# parse a config file and check if the execution of a command as another user is allowed
doas -C {{config_file}} {{command}}
# make `doas` request a password even after it was supplied earlier
doas -L
# show example usage of a command
cheat {{command}}
# edit the cheat sheet for a command
cheat -e {{command}}
# list the available cheat sheets
cheat -l
# search available the cheat sheets for a specified command name
cheat -s {{command}}
# get the current cheat version
cheat -v
# calculate the blake2 checksum for a file
b2sum {{path/to/file}}
# calculate blake2 checksums for multiple files
b2sum {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# read a file of blake2 sums and filenames and verify all files have matching checksums
b2sum -c {{path/to/file.b2}}
# calculate the blake2 checksum from stdin
{{some_command}} | b2sum
# record an application
rr record {{path/to/binary --arg1 --arg2}}
# replay latest recorded execution
rr replay
# install cookbook dependencies into a local repo
berks install
# update a specific cookbook and its dependencies
berks update {{cookbook}}
# upload a cookbook to the chef server
berks upload {{cookbook}}
# view the dependencies of a cookbook
berks contingent {{cookbook}}
# mount an mtp device to a directory
jmtpfs {{path/to/directory}}
# set mount options
jmtpfs -o {{allow_other,auto_unmount}} {{path/to/directory}}
# list available mtp devices
jmtpfs --listDevices
# if multiple devices are present, mount a specific device
jmtpfs -device={{bus_id}},{{device_id}} {{path/to/directory}}
# unmount mtp device
fusermount -u {{path/to/directory}}
# clean a csv file
csvclean {{bad.csv}}
# list locations of syntax errors in a csv file
csvclean -n {{bad.csv}}
# send a file
wormhole send {{path/to/file}}
# receive a file
wormhole receive {{wormhole_code}}
# send raw text
wormhole send
# display the subcommand help
gh completion
# print a completion script
gh completion --shell {{bash|zsh|fish|powershell}}
# append the `gh` completion script to `~/.bashrc`
gh completion --shell {{bash}} >> {{~/.bashrc}}
# append the `gh` completion script to `~/.zshrc`
gh completion --shell {{zsh}} >> {{~/.zshrc}}
# grant a user access to a resource
pio access grant {{guest|maintainer|admin}} {{username}} {{resource_urn}}
# remove a user's access to a resource
pio access revoke {{username}} {{resource_urn}}
# show all resources that a user or team has access to and the access level
pio access list {{username}}
# restrict access to a resource to specific users or team members
pio access private {{resource_urn}}
# allow all users access to a resource
pio access public {{resource_urn}}
# compress a file
lz4 {{file}}
# decompress a file
lz4 -d {{file.lz4}}
# decompress a file and write to stdout
lz4 -dc {{file.lz4}}
# package and compress a directory and its contents
tar cvf - {{path/to/directory}} | lz4 - {{dir.tar.lz4}}
# decompress and unpack a directory and its contents
lz4 -d {{dir.tar.lz4}} | tar -xv
# compress a file using the best compression
lz4 -9 {{file}}
# apply a function that performs autocompletion to a command
complete -F {{function}} {{command}}
# apply a command that performs autocompletion to another command
complete -C {{autocomplete_command}} {{command}}
# apply autocompletion without appending a space to the completed word
complete -o nospace -F {{function}} {{command}}
# change the owner group of a file/directory
chgrp {{group}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# recursively change the owner group of a directory and its contents
chgrp -R {{group}} {{path/to/directory}}
# change the owner group of a symbolic link
chgrp -h {{group}} {{path/to/symlink}}
# change the owner group of a file/directory to match a reference file
chgrp --reference={{path/to/reference_file}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# show all refs in the repository
git show-ref
# show only heads references
git show-ref --heads
# show only tags references
git show-ref --tags
# verify that a given reference exists
git show-ref --verify {{path/to/ref}}
# view images locally or using a url
feh {{path/to/images}}
# view images recursively
feh --recursive {{path/to/images}}
# view images without window borders
feh --borderless {{path/to/images}}
# exit after the last image
feh --cycle-once {{path/to/images}}
# set the slideshow cycle delay
feh --slideshow-delay {{seconds}} {{path/to/images}}
# set your wallpaper (centered, filled, maximized, scaled or tiled)
feh --bg-{{center|fill|max|scale|tile}} {{path/to/image}}
# create a montage of all images within a directory. outputs as a new image
feh --montage --thumb-height {{150}} --thumb-width {{150}} --index-info "{{%nn%wx%h}}" --output {{path/to/montage_image.png}}
# show disk quotas in humanreadable units for the current user
quota -s
# verbose output (also display quotas on filesystems where no storage is allocated)
quota -v
# quiet output (only display quotas on filesystems where usage is over quota)
quota -q
# print quotas for the groups of which the current user is a member
quota -g
# show disk quotas for another user
sudo quota -u {{username}}
# generate an analyser from a lex file
lex {{analyser.l}}
# specify the output file
lex {{analyser.l}} --outfile {{analyser.c}}
# compile a c file generated by lex
cc {{path/to/lex.yy.c}} --output {{executable}}
# compile a source file to a native binary and link with packages
ocamlfind ocamlopt -package {{package1}},{{package2}} -linkpkg -o {{executable}} {{source_file.ml}}
# compile a source file to a bytecode binary and link with packages
ocamlfind ocamlc -package {{package1}},{{package2}} -linkpkg -o {{executable}} {{source_file.ml}}
# crosscompile for a different platform
ocamlfind -toolchain {{cross-toolchain}} ocamlopt -o {{executable}} {{source_file.ml}}
# clone a virtual machine and automatically generate a new name, storage path, and mac address
virt-clone --original {{vm_name}} --auto-clone
# clone a virtual machine and specify the new name, storage path, and mac address
virt-clone --original {{vm_name}} --name {{new_vm_name}} --file {{path/to/new_storage}} --mac {{ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff|RANDOM}}
# initialise a (local) repository
borg init {{path/to/repo_directory}}
# backup a directory into the repository, creating an archive called "monday"
borg create --progress {{path/to/repo_directory}}::{{Monday}} {{path/to/source_directory}}
# list all archives in a repository
borg list {{path/to/repo_directory}}
# extract a specific directory from the "monday" archive in a remote repository, excluding all `*.ext` files
borg extract {{user}}@{{host}}:{{path/to/repo_directory}}::{{Monday}} {{path/to/target_directory}} --exclude '{{*.ext}}'
# prune a repository by deleting all archives older than 7 days, listing changes
borg prune --keep-within {{7d}} --list {{path/to/repo_directory}}
# mount a repository as a fuse filesystem
borg mount {{path/to/repo_directory}}::{{Monday}} {{path/to/mountpoint}}
# display help on creating archives
borg create --help
# print the output of a command to the default printer (see `lpstat` command)
echo "test" | lp
# print a file to the default printer
lp {{path/to/filename}}
# print a file to a named printer (see `lpstat` command)
lp -d {{printer_name}} {{path/to/filename}}
# print n copies of file to default printer (replace n with desired number of copies)
lp -n {{N}} {{path/to/filename}}
# print only certain pages to the default printer (print pages 1, 35, and 16)
lp -P 1,3-5,16 {{path/to/filename}}
# resume printing a job
lp -i {{job_id}} -H resume
# load a csv file into a `csvkitreader` object
csvpy {{data.csv}}
# load a csv file into a `csvkitdictreader` object
csvpy --dict {{data.csv}}
# transfer file from local to remote host
rsync {{path/to/local_file}} {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_directory}}
# transfer file from remote host to local
rsync {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_file}} {{path/to/local_directory}}
# transfer file in [a]rchive (to preserve attributes) and compressed ([z]ipped) mode with [v]erbose and [h]umanreadable [p]rogress
rsync -azvhP {{path/to/local_file}} {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_directory}}
# transfer a directory and all its children from a remote to local
rsync -r {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_directory}} {{path/to/local_directory}}
# transfer directory contents (but not the directory itself) from a remote to local
rsync -r {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_directory}}/ {{path/to/local_directory}}
# transfer a directory [r]ecursively, in [a]rchive to preserve attributes, resolving contained soft[l]inks , and ignoring already transferred files [u]nless newer
rsync -rauL {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_file}} {{path/to/local_directory}}
# transfer file over ssh and delete local files that do not exist on remote host
rsync -e ssh --delete {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_file}} {{path/to/local_file}}
# transfer file over ssh using a different port than the default and show global progress
rsync -e 'ssh -p {{port}}' --info=progress2 {{remote_host}}:{{path/to/remote_file}} {{path/to/local_file}}
# construct the transitive reduction graph of one or more directed graphs
tred {{path/to/input1.gv}} {{path/to/input2.gv ...}} > {{path/to/output.gv}}
# display help
tred -?
# optimise a gif
gifsicle --batch --optimize=3 {{amin.gif}}
# make a gif animation with gifsicle
gifsicle --delay={{10}} --loop *.gif > {{anim.gif}}
# extract frames from an animation
gifsicle {{anim.gif}} '#0' > {{firstframe.gif}}
# you can also edit animations by replacing, deleting, or inserting frames
gifsicle -b {{anim.gif}} --replace '#0' {{new.gif}}
# display the value associated with a specified key
etcdctl get {{my/key}}
# store a keyvalue pair
etcdctl put {{my/key}} {{my_value}}
# delete a keyvalue pair
etcdctl del {{my/key}}
# store a keyvalue pair, reading the value from a file
etcdctl put {{my/file}} < {{path/to/file.txt}}
# save a snapshot of the etcd keystore
etcdctl snapshot save {{path/to/snapshot.db}}
# restore a snapshot of an etcd keystore (restart the etcd server afterwards)
etcdctl snapshot restore {{path/to/snapshot.db}}
# add a user
etcdctl user add {{my_user}}
# watch a key for changes
etcdctl watch {{my/key}}
# change priority of a running process
renice -n {{niceness_value}} -p {{pid}}
# change priority of all processes owned by a user
renice -n {{niceness_value}} -u {{user}}
# change priority of all processes that belong to a process group
renice -n {{niceness_value}} --pgrp {{process_group}}
# build a platformio project in the default system temporary directory and delete it afterwards
pio ci {{path/to/project}}
# build a platformio project and specify specific libraries
pio ci --lib {{path/to/library_directory}} {{path/to/project}}
# build a platformio project and specify a specific board (`pio boards` lists all of them)
pio ci --board {{board}} {{path/to/project}}
# build a platformio project in a specific directory
pio ci --build-dir {{path/to/build_directory}} {{path/to/project}}
# build a platformio project and don't delete the build directory
pio ci --keep-build-dir {{path/to/project}}
# build a platformio project using a specific configuration file
pio ci --project-conf {{path/to/platformio.ini}}
# send a transaction to a given address
bitcoin-cli sendtoaddress "{{address}}" {{amount}}
# generate one or more blocks
bitcoin-cli generate {{num_blocks}}
# print highlevel information about the wallet
bitcoin-cli getwalletinfo
# list all outputs from previous transactions available to fund outgoing transactions
bitcoin-cli listunspent
# export the wallet information to a text file
bitcoin-cli dumpwallet "{{path/to/file}}"
# display a diff of the changes that would be made, without making them (dryrun)
yapf --diff {{path/to/file}}
# format the file inplace and display a diff of the changes
yapf --diff --in-place {{path/to/file}}
# recursively format all python files in a directory, concurrently
yapf --recursive --in-place --style {{pep8}} --parallel {{path/to/directory}}
# format a file to stdout, with a custom maximum line length
autopep8 {{path/to/file.py}} --max-line-length {{length}}
# format a file, displaying a diff of the changes
autopep8 --diff {{path/to/file}}
# format a file inpace and save the changes
autopep8 --in-place {{path/to/file.py}}
# recursively format all files in a directory inplace and save changes
autopep8 --in-place --recursive {{path/to/directory}}
# compile a new phar file
box compile
# compile a new phar file using a specific config file
box compile -c {{path/to/config}}
# display information about the phar php extension
box info
# display information about a specific phar file
box info {{path/to/phar_file}}
# validate the first found config file in the working directory
box validate
# verify the signature of a specific phar file
box verify {{path/to/phar_file}}
# display all available commands and options
box help
# compare two files
diffoscope {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# compare two files without displaying a progress bar
diffoscope --no-progress {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# compare two files and write an htmlreport to a file (use `` for stdout)
diffoscope --html {{path/to/outfile|-}} {{path/to/file1}} {{path/to/file2}}
# compare two directories excluding files with a name matching a specified pattern
diffoscope --exclude {{pattern}} {{path/to/directory1}} {{path/to/directory2}}
# compare two directories and control whether directory metadata is considered
diffoscope --exclude-directory-metadata {{auto|yes|no|recursive}} {{path/to/directory1}} {{path/to/directory2}}
# test a url with default settings
siege {{https://example.com}}
# test a list of urls
siege --file {{path/to/url_list.txt}}
# test list of urls in a random order (simulates internet traffic)
siege --internet --file {{path/to/url_list.txt}}
# benchmark a list of urls (without waiting between requests)
siege --benchmark --file {{path/to/url_list.txt}}
# set the amount of concurrent connections
siege --concurrent={{50}} --file {{path/to/url_list.txt}}
# set how long for the siege to run for
siege --time={{30s}} --file {{path/to/url_list.txt}}
# list installed libraries
pio lib list
# list builtin libraries based on installed development platforms and their frameworks
pio lib builtin
# search for existing libraries
pio lib search {{keyword}}
# show details about a library
pio lib show {{library}}
# install a library
pio lib install {{library}}
# update installed libraries
pio lib update
# uninstall a library
pio lib uninstall {{library}}
# show platformio library registry statistics
pio lib stats
# render a `png` image with a filename based on the input filename and output format (uppercase o)
sfdp -T {{png}} -O {{path/to/input.gv}}
# render a `svg` image with the specified output filename (lowercase o)
sfdp -T {{svg}} -o {{path/to/image.svg}} {{path/to/input.gv}}
# render the output in `ps`, `pdf`, `svg`, `fig`, `png`, `gif`, `jpg`, `json`, or `dot` format
sfdp -T {{format}} -O {{path/to/input.gv}}
# render a `gif` image using stdin and stdout
echo "{{digraph {this -> that} }}" | sfdp -T {{gif}} > {{path/to/image.gif}}
# display help
sfdp -?
# print indices and names of all columns
csvcut -n {{data.csv}}
# extract the first and third columns
csvcut -c {{1,3}} {{data.csv}}
# extract all columns **except** the fourth one
csvcut -C {{4}} {{data.csv}}
# extract the columns named "id" and "first name" (in that order)
csvcut -c {{id,"first name"}} {{data.csv}}
# merge two audio files into one
sox -m {{input_audiofile1}} {{input_audiofile2}} {{output_audiofile}}
# trim an audio file to the specified times
sox {{input_audiofile}} {{output_audiofile}} trim {{start}} {{end}}
# normalize an audio file (adjust volume to the maximum peak level, without clipping)
sox --norm {{input_audiofile}} {{output_audiofile}}
# reverse and save an audio file
sox {{input_audiofile}} {{output_audiofile}} reverse
# print statistical data of an audio file
sox {{input_audiofile}} -n stat
# increase the volume of an audio file by 2x
sox -v 2.0 {{input_audiofile}} {{output_audiofile}}
# optimize a file using the default plugins (overwrites the original file)
svgo {{test.svg}}
# optimize a file and save the result to another file
svgo {{test.svg}} -o {{test.min.svg}}
# optimize all svg files within a directory (overwrites the original files)
svgo -f {{path/to/directory/with/svg/files}}
# optimize all svg files within a directory and save the resulting files to another directory
svgo -f {{path/to/input/directory}} -o {{path/to/output/directory}}
# optimize svg content passed from another command, and save the result to a file
{{cat test.svg}} | svgo -i - -o {{test.min.svg}}
# optimize a file and print out the result
svgo {{test.svg}} -o -
# show available plugins
svgo --show-plugins
# create a new repository (requires the `cvsroot` environment variable to be set externally)
cvs -d {{path/to/repository}} init
# add a project to the repository
cvs import -m "{{message}}" {{project_name}} {{version}} {{vendor}}
# checkout a project
cvs checkout {{project_name}}
# show changes made to files
cvs diff {{path/to/file}}
# add a file
cvs add {{path/to/file}}
# commit a file
cvs commit -m "{{message}}" {{path/to/file}}
# update the working directory from the remote repository
cvs update
# start an interactive shell session
ksh
# execute a command and then exit
ksh -c "{{command}}"
# execute a script
ksh {{path/to/script.ksh}}
# execute a script, printing each command before executing it
ksh -x {{path/to/script.ksh}}
# create and push a release
git release {{tag_name}}
# create and push a signed release
git release {{tag_name}} -s
# create and push a release with a message
git release {{{tag_name}}} -m "{{message}}"
# start mpd
mpd
# start mpd but don't read from the configuration file
mpd --no-config
# start mpd and don't detach it from the console
mpd --no-daemon
# kill the currently running mpd session
mpd --kill
# print the contents of a file to the standard output
cat {{file}}
# concatenate several files into the target file
cat {{file1}} {{file2}} > {{target_file}}
# append several files into the target file
cat {{file1}} {{file2}} >> {{target_file}}
# number all output lines
cat -n {{file}}
# display nonprintable and whitespace characters (with `m` prefix if nonascii)
cat -v -t -e {{file}}
# show a summary of the latest commit on a branch
git show-branch {{branch_name|ref|commit}}
# compare commits in the history of multiple commits or branches
git show-branch {{branch_name|ref|commit}}
# compare all remote tracking branches
git show-branch --remotes
# compare both local and remote tracking branches
git show-branch --all
# list the latest commits in all branches
git show-branch --all --list
# compare a given branch with the current branch
git show-branch --current {{commit|branch_name|ref}}
# display the commit name instead of the relative name
git show-branch --sha1-name --current {{current|branch_name|ref}}
# keep going a given number of commits past the common ancestor
git show-branch --more {{5}} {{commit|branch_name|ref}} {{commit|branch_name|ref}} {{...}}
# show status of all minions
salt-run manage.status
# show all minions which are disconnected
salt-run manage.up
# display all settings for the current terminal
stty -a
# set the number of rows
stty rows {{rows}}
# set the number of columns
stty cols {{cols}}
# get the actual transfer speed of a device
stty -F {{path/to/device_file}} speed
# reset all modes to reasonable values for the current terminal
stty sane
# sniff the specified directory for issues (defaults to the pear standard)
phpcs {{path/to/directory}}
# display a list of installed coding standards
phpcs -i
# specify a coding standard to validate against
phpcs {{path/to/directory}} --standard {{standard}}
# specify commaseparated file extensions to include when sniffing
phpcs {{path/to/directory}} --extensions {{file_extension(s)}}
# specify the format of the output report (e.g. `full`, `xml`, `json`, `summary`)
phpcs {{path/to/directory}} --report {{format}}
# set config variables to be used during the process
phpcs {{path/to/directory}} --config-set {{key}} {{value}}
# a commaseparated list of files to load before processing
phpcs {{path/to/directory}} --bootstrap {{file(s)}}
# don't recurse into subdirectories
phpcs {{path/to/directory}} -l
# associate the local install of `asciinema` with an asciinema.org account
asciinema auth
# make a new recording (once finished, user will be prompted to upload it or save it locally)
asciinema rec
# make a new recording and save it to a local file
asciinema rec {{path/to/file}}.cast
# replay a terminal recording from a local file
asciinema play {{path/to/file}}.cast
# replay a terminal recording hosted on asciinema.org
asciinema play https://asciinema.org/a/{{cast_id}}
# make a new recording, limiting any idle time to at most 2.5 seconds
asciinema rec -i {{2.5}}
# print the full output of a locally saved recording
asciinema cat {{path/to/file}}.cast
# upload a locally saved terminal session to asciinema.org
asciinema upload {{path/to/file}}.cast
# go to the highestranked directory that contains "foo" in the name
zoxide query {{foo}}
# go to the highestranked directory that contains "foo" and then "bar"
zoxide query {{foo}} {{bar}}
# start an interactive directory search (requires `fzf`)
zoxide query --interactive
# add a directory or increment its rank
zoxide add {{path/to/directory}}
# remove a directory from `zoxide`'s database
zoxide remove {{path/to/directory}}
# generate shell configuration for command aliases (`z`, `za`, `zi`, `zq`, `zr`)
zoxide init {{bash|fish|zsh}}
# display the absolute path for a file or directory
realpath {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# require all path components to exist
realpath --canonicalize-existing {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# resolve ".." components before symlinks
realpath --logical {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# disable symlink expansion
realpath --no-symlinks {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# suppress error messages
realpath --quiet {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# switch to directory and push it on the stack
pushd {{directory}}
# switch first and second directories on the stack
pushd
# rotate stack by making the 5th element the top of the stack
pushd +4
# test the package found in the current directory
go test
# [v]erbosely test the package in the current directory
go test -v
# test the packages in the current directory and all subdirectories (note the `...`)
go test -v ./...
# test the package in the current directory and run all benchmarks
go test -v -bench .
# test the package in the current directory and run all benchmarks for 50 seconds
go test -v -bench . -benchtime {{50s}}
# [a]rchive a file or directory
7zr a {{path/to/archive.7z}} {{path/to/file_or_directory}}
# encrypt an existing archive (including file names)
7zr a {{path/to/encrypted.7z}} -p{{password}} -mhe=on {{path/to/archive.7z}}