neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
--build=profile-file The command builds a whitelisted profile, and saves it in profile- file. If /usr/bin/strace is installed on the system, it also builds a whitelisted seccomp profile. The program is run in a very relaxed sandbox, with only --caps.drop=all and --nonewprivs. Programs that raise user privileges are not supported in order to allow strace to run. Chromium and Chromium-based browsers will not work.
Example: $ firejail --build=vlc.profile vlc ~/Videos/test.mp4
-c     Login shell compatibility option. This option is use by some login programs when executing the login shell, such as when firejail is used as a restricted login shell. It currently does not change the execution of firejail.
--caps Linux capabilities is a kernel feature designed to split up the root privilege into a set of distinct privileges.  These privileges can be enabled or disabled independently, thus restricting what a process running as root can do in the system.
By default root programs run with all capabilities enabled. --caps option disables the following capabilities: CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_RAWIO, CAP_SYS_BOOT, CAP_SYS_NICE, CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG, CAP_SYSLOG, CAP_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_ADMIN.  The filter is applied to all processes started in the sandbox.
Example: $ sudo firejail --caps /etc/init.d/nginx start
--caps.drop=all Drop all capabilities for the processes running in the sandbox. This option is recommended for running GUI programs or any other program that doesn't require root privileges. It is a must-have option for sandboxing untrusted programs installed from unofficial sources - such as games, Java programs, etc.
Example: $ firejail --caps.drop=all warzone2100
--caps.drop=capability,capability,capability Define a custom blacklist Linux capabilities filter.
Example: $ firejail --caps.drop=net_broadcast,net_admin,net_raw
--caps.keep=capability,capability,capability Define a custom whitelist Linux capabilities filter.
Example: $ sudo firejail --caps.keep=chown,net_bind_service,setgid,\ setuid /etc/init.d/nginx start
--caps.print=name|pid Print the caps filter for the sandbox identified by name or by PID.
Example: $ firejail --name=mygame --caps.drop=all warzone2100 & $ firejail --caps.print=mygame
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --caps.print=3272
--cat=name|pid filename Print content of file from sandbox container, see FILE TRANSFER section for more details.
--cgroup=tasks-file Place the sandbox in the specified control group. tasks-file is the full path of cgroup tasks file.
Example: # firejail --cgroup=/sys/fs/cgroup/g1/tasks
--chroot=dirname Chroot the sandbox into a root filesystem. Unlike the regular filesystem container, the system directories are mounted read- write. If the sandbox is started as a regular user, nonewprivs and a default capabilities filter are enabled.
Example: $ firejail --chroot=/media/ubuntu warzone2100
--cpu=cpu-number,cpu-number,cpu-number Set CPU affinity.
Example: $ firejail --cpu=0,1 handbrake
--cpu.print=name|pid Print the CPU cores in use by the sandbox identified by name or by PID.
Example: $ firejail --name=mygame --caps.drop=all warzone2100 & $ firejail --cpu.print=mygame
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --cpu.print=3272
--dbus-log=file Specify the location for the DBus log file.
The log file contains events for both the system and session buses if both of the --dbus-system.log and --dbus-user.log options are specified. If no log file path is given, logs are written to the standard output instead.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.log \ --dbus-log=dbus.txt
--dbus-system=filter|none Set system DBus sandboxing policy.
The filter policy enables the system DBus filter. This option requires installing the xdg-dbus-proxy utility. Permissions for well-known can be specified with the --dbus-system.talk and --dbus-system.own options.
The none policy disables access to the system DBus.
Only the regular system DBus UNIX socket is handled by this option. To disable the abstract sockets (and force applications to use the filtered UNIX socket) you would need to request a new network namespace using --net command. Another option is to remove unix from the --protocol set.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=none
--dbus-system.broadcast=name=[member][@path] Allows the application to receive broadcast signals from theindicated interface member at the indicated object path exposed by the indicated bus name on the system DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself.  The interface member may have a .* to match all members of an interface, or be * to match all interfaces.  The path may have a /* suffix to indicate all objects underneath it, including itself. Omitting the interface member or the object path will match all members and object paths, respectively.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.broadcast=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications.*@/org/freedesktop/Notifications
--dbus-system.call=name=[member][@path] Allows the application to call the indicated interface member at the indicated object path exposed by the indicated bus name on the system DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself.  The interface member may have a .* to match all members of an interface, or be * to match all interfaces.  The path may have a /* suffix to indicate all objects underneath it, including itself.  Omitting the interface member or the object path will match all members and object paths, respectively.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.call=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications.*@/org/freedesktop/Notifications
--dbus-system.log Turn on DBus logging for the system DBus. This option requires --dbus-system=filter.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.log
--dbus-system.own=name Allows the application to own the specified well-known name on the system DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself (e.g. "foo.bar.*" matches "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.baz.quux", but not "foobar").
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.own=\ org.gnome.ghex.*
--dbus-system.see=name Allows the application to see, but not talk to the specified well- known name on the system DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself (e.g. "foo.bar.*" matches "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.baz.quux", but not "foobar").
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.see=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications
--dbus-system.talk=name Allows the application to talk to the specified well-known name on the system DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself (e.g. "foo.bar.*" matches "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.baz.quux", but not "foobar").
Example: $ firejail --dbus-system=filter --dbus-system.talk=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications
--dbus-user=filter|none Set session DBus sandboxing policy.
The filter policy enables the session DBus filter. This option requires installing the xdg-dbus-proxy utility. Permissions for well-known names can be added with the --dbus-user.talk and --dbus-user.own options.
The none policy disables access to the session DBus.
Only the regular session DBus UNIX socket is handled by this option. To disable the abstract sockets (and force applications to use the filtered UNIX socket) you would need to request a new network namespace using --net command. Another option is to remove unix from the --protocol set.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=none
--dbus-user.broadcast=name=[member][@path] Allows the application to receive broadcast signals from theindicated interface member at the indicated object path exposed by the indicated bus name on the session DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself. The interface member may have a .* to match all members of an interface, or be * to match all interfaces.  The path may have a /* suffix to indicate all objects underneath it, including itself. Omitting the interface member or the object path will match all members and object paths, respectively.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=filter --dbus-user.broadcast=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications.*@/org/freedesktop/Notifications
--dbus-user.call=name=[member][@path] Allows the application to call the indicated interface member at the indicated object path exposed by the indicated bus name on the session DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself.  The interface member may have a .* to match all members of an interface, or be * to match all interfaces.  The path may have a /* suffix to indicate all objects underneath it, including itself.  Omitting the interface member or the object path will match all members and object paths, respectively.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=filter --dbus-user.call=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications.*@/org/freedesktop/Notifications
--dbus-user.log Turn on DBus logging for the session DBus. This option requires --dbus-user=filter.
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=filter --dbus-user.log
--dbus-user.own=name Allows the application to own the specified well-known name on the session DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself (e.g. "foo.bar.*" matches "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.baz.quux", but not "foobar").
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=filter --dbus-user.own=org.gnome.ghex.*
--dbus-user.talk=name Allows the application to talk to the specified well-known name on the session DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself (e.g. "foo.bar.*" matches "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.baz.quux", but not "foobar").
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=filter --dbus-user.talk=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications
--dbus-user.see=name Allows the application to see, but not talk to the specified well- known name on the session DBus.  The name may have a .* suffix to match all names underneath it, including itself (e.g. "foo.bar.*" matches "foo.bar", "foo.bar.baz" and "foo.bar.baz.quux", but not "foobar").
Example: $ firejail --dbus-user=filter --dbus-user.see=\ org.freedesktop.Notifications
--debug Print debug messages.
Example: $ firejail --debug firefox
--debug-blacklists Debug blacklisting.
Example: $ firejail --debug-blacklists firefox
--debug-caps Print all recognized capabilities in the current Firejail software build and exit.
Example: $ firejail --debug-caps
--debug-errnos Print all recognized error numbers in the current Firejail software build and exit.
Example: $ firejail --debug-errnos
--debug-private-lib Debug messages for --private-lib option.
--debug-protocols Print all recognized protocols in the current Firejail software build and exit.
Example: $ firejail --debug-protocols
--debug-syscalls Print all recognized system calls in the current Firejail software build and exit.
Example: $ firejail --debug-syscalls
--debug-syscalls32 Print all recognized 32 bit system calls in the current Firejail software build and exit.
--debug-whitelists Debug whitelisting.
Example: $ firejail --debug-whitelists firefox
--defaultgw=address Use this address as default gateway in the new network namespace.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --defaultgw=10.10.20.1 firefox
--deterministic-exit-code Always exit firejail with the first child's exit status. The default behavior is to use the exit status of the final child to exit, which can be nondeterministic.
--disable-mnt Blacklist /mnt, /media, /run/mount and /run/media access.
Example: $ firejail --disable-mnt firefox
--dns=address Set a DNS server for the sandbox. Up to three DNS servers can be defined.  Use this option if you don't trust the DNS setup on your network.
Example: $ firejail --dns=8.8.8.8 --dns=8.8.4.4 firefox
Note: this feature is not supported on systemd-resolved setups.
--dns.print=name|pid Print DNS configuration for a sandbox identified by name or by PID.
Example: $ firejail --name=mygame --caps.drop=all warzone2100 & $ firejail --dns.print=mygame
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --dns.print=3272
--env=name=value Set environment variable in the new sandbox.
Example: $ firejail --env=LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/test/lib
--fs.print=name|pid Print the filesystem log for the sandbox identified by name or by PID.
Example: $ firejail --name=mygame --caps.drop=all warzone2100 & $ firejail --fs.print=mygame
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --fs.print=3272
--get=name|pid filename Get a file from sandbox container, see FILE TRANSFER section for more details.
-?, --help Print options end exit.
--hostname=name Set sandbox hostname.
Example: $ firejail --hostname=officepc firefox
--hosts-file=file Use file as /etc/hosts.
Example: $ firejail --hosts-file=~/myhosts firefox
--ignore=command Ignore command in profile file.
Example: $ firejail --ignore=shell --ignore=seccomp firefox $ firejail --ignore="net eth0" firefox
--include=file.profile Include a profile file before the regular profiles are used.
Example: $ firejail --include=/etc/firejail/disable-devel.inc gedit
--interface=interface Move interface in a new network namespace. Up to four --interface options can be specified.  Note: wlan devices are not supported for this option.
Example: $ firejail --interface=eth1 --interface=eth0.vlan100
--ip=address Assign IP addresses to the last network interface defined by a --net option. A default gateway is assigned by default.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --ip=10.10.20.56 firefox
--ip=none No IP address and no default gateway are configured for the last interface defined by a --net option. Use this option in case you intend to start an external DHCP client in the sandbox.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --ip=none
If the corresponding interface doesn't have an IP address configured, this option is enabled by default.
--ip=dhcp Acquire an IP address and default gateway for the last interface defined by a --net option, as well as set the DNS servers according to the DHCP response.  This option requires the ISC dhclient DHCP client to be installed and will start it automatically inside the sandbox.
Example: $ firejail --net=br0 --ip=dhcp
This option should not be used in conjunction with the --dns option if the DHCP server is set to configure DNS servers for the clients, because the manually specified DNS servers will be overwritten.
The DHCP client will NOT release the DHCP lease when the sandbox terminates.  If your DHCP server requires leases to be explicitly released, consider running a DHCP client and releasing the lease manually in conjunction with the --net=none option.
--ip6=address Assign IPv6 addresses to the last network interface defined by a --net option.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --ip6=2001:0db8:0:f101::1/64 firefox
Note: you don't need this option if you obtain your ip6 address from router via SLAAC (your ip6 address and default route will be configured by kernel automatically).
--ip6=dhcp Acquire an IPv6 address and default gateway for the last interface defined by a --net option, as well as set the DNS servers according to the DHCP response.  This option requires the ISC dhclient DHCP client to be installed and will start it automatically inside the sandbox.
Example: $ firejail --net=br0 --ip6=dhcp
The DHCP client will NOT release the DHCP lease when the sandbox terminates.  If your DHCP server requires leases to be explicitly released, consider running a DHCP client and releasing the lease manually.
--iprange=address,address Assign an IP address in the provided range to the last network interface defined by a --net option. A default gateway is assigned by default.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --iprange=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.150
--ipc-namespace Enable  a new IPC namespace if the sandbox was started as a regular user. IPC namespace is enabled by default for sandboxes started as root.
Example: $ firejail --ipc-namespace firefox
--join=name|pid Join the sandbox identified by name or by PID. By default a /bin/bash shell is started after joining the sandbox.  If a program is specified, the program is run in the sandbox. If --join command is issued as a regular user, all security filters are configured for the new process the same they are configured in the sandbox.  If --join command is issued as root, the security filters, cgroups and cpus configurations are not applied to the process joining the sandbox.
Example: $ firejail --name=mygame --caps.drop=all warzone2100 & $ firejail --join=mygame
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --join=3272
--join-filesystem=name|pid Join the mount namespace of the sandbox identified by name or PID. By default a /bin/bash shell is started after joining the sandbox. If a program is specified, the program is run in the sandbox. This command is available only to root user.  Security filters, cgroups and cpus configurations are not applied to the process joining the sandbox.
--join-network=name|pid Join the network namespace of the sandbox identified by name. By default a /bin/bash shell is started after joining the sandbox. If a program is specified, the program is run in the sandbox. This command is available only to root user.  Security filters, cgroups and cpus configurations are not applied to the process joining the sandbox. Example:
# start firefox $ firejail --net=eth0 --name=browser firefox &
# change netfilter configuration $ sudo firejail --join-network=browser bash -c "cat /etc/firejail/nolocal.net | /sbin/iptables-restore"
# verify netfilter configuration $ sudo firejail --join-network=browser /sbin/iptables -vL
# verify  IP addresses $ sudo firejail --join-network=browser ip addr Switching to pid 1932, the first child process inside the sandbox 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0-1931: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/ether 76:58:14:42:78:e4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.158/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0-1931 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::7458:14ff:fe42:78e4/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
--join-or-start=name Join the sandbox identified by name or start a new one.  Same as "firejail --join=name" if sandbox with specified name exists, otherwise same as "firejail --name=name ..." Note that in contrary to other join options there is respective profile option.
--keep-config-pulse Disable automatic ~/.config/pulse init, for complex setups such as remote pulse servers or non-standard socket paths.
Example: $ firejail --keep-config-pulse firefox
--keep-dev-shm /dev/shm directory is untouched (even with --private-dev)
Example: $ firejail --keep-dev-shm --private-dev
--keep-var-tmp /var/tmp directory is untouched.
Example: $ firejail --keep-var-tmp
--list List all sandboxes, see MONITORING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --list 7015:netblue:browser:firejail firefox 7056:netblue:torrent:firejail --net=eth0 transmission-gtk 7064:netblue::firejail --noroot xterm
--ls=name|pid dir_or_filename List files in sandbox container, see FILE TRANSFER section for more details.
--mac=address Assign MAC addresses to the last network interface defined by a --net option. This option is not supported for wireless interfaces.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --mac=00:11:22:33:44:55 firefox
--machine-id Spoof id number in /etc/machine-id file - a new random id is generated inside the sandbox.  Note that this breaks audio support. Enable it when sound is not required.
Example: $ firejail --machine-id
--mkdir=dirname Create a directory in user home. Parent directories are created as needed.
Example: $ firejail --mkdir=~/work/project
--mkfile=filename Create an empty file in user home.
Example: $ firejail --mkfile=~/work/project/readme
--memory-deny-write-execute Install a seccomp filter to block attempts to create memory mappings that are both writable and executable, to change mappings to be executable, or to create executable shared memory. The filter examines the arguments of mmap, mmap2, mprotect, pkey_mprotect, memfd_create and shmat system calls and returns error EPERM to the process (or kills it or log the attempt, see --seccomp-error-action below) if necessary.
Note: shmat is not implemented as a system call on some platforms including i386, and it cannot be handled by seccomp-bpf.
--mtu=number Assign a MTU value to the last network interface defined by a --net option.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --mtu=1492
--name=name Set sandbox name. Several options, such as --join and --shutdown, can use this name to identify a sandbox.
In case the name supplied by the user is already in use by another sandbox, Firejail will assign a new name as "name-PID", where PID is the process ID of the sandbox. This functionality can be disabled at run time in /etc/firejail/firejail.config file, by setting "name-change" flag to "no".
Example: $ firejail --name=browser firefox & $ firejail --name=browser --private firefox --no-remote & $ firejail --list 1198:netblue:browser:firejail --name=browser firefox 1312:netblue:browser-1312:firejail --name=browser --private firefox --no-remote
--net=bridge_interface Enable a new network namespace and connect it to this bridge interface.  Unless specified with option --ip and --defaultgw, an IP address and a default gateway will be assigned automatically to the sandbox. The IP address is verified using ARP before assignment. The address configured as default gateway is the bridge device IP address. Up to four --net options can be specified.
Example: $ sudo brctl addbr br0 $ sudo ifconfig br0 10.10.20.1/24 $ sudo brctl addbr br1 $ sudo ifconfig br1 10.10.30.1/24 $ firejail --net=br0 --net=br1
--net=ethernet_interface|wireless_interface Enable a new network namespace and connect it to this ethernet interface using the standard Linux macvlan|ipvaln driver. Unless specified with option --ip and --defaultgw, an IP address and a default gateway will be assigned automatically to the sandbox. The IP address is verified using ARP before assignment. The address configured as default gateway is the default gateway of the host. Up to four --net options can be specified.  Support for ipvlan driver was introduced in Linux kernel 3.19.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --ip=192.168.1.80 --dns=8.8.8.8 firefox $ firejail --net=wlan0 firefox
--net=none Enable a new, unconnected network namespace. The only interface available in the new namespace is a new loopback interface (lo). Use this option to deny network access to programs that don't really need network access.
Example: $ firejail --net=none vlc
Note: --net=none can crash the application on some platforms.  In these cases, it can be replaced with --protocol=unix.
--net=tap_interface Enable a new network namespace and connect it to this ethernet tap interface using the standard Linux macvlan driver. If the tap interface is not configured, the sandbox will not try to configure the interface inside the sandbox.  Please use --ip, --netmask and --defaultgw to specify the configuration.
Example: $ firejail --net=tap0 --ip=10.10.20.80 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --defaultgw=10.10.20.1 firefox
--net.print=name|pid If a new network namespace is enabled, print network interface configuration for the sandbox specified by name or PID. Example:
$ firejail --net.print=browser Switching to pid 1853, the first child process inside the sandbox Interface  MAC               IP            Mask        Status lo                           127.0.0.1     255.0.0.0     UP eth0-1852  5e:fb:8e:27:29:26 192.168.1.186 255.255.255.0 UP
--netfilter Enable a default firewall if a new network namespace is created inside the sandbox.  This option has no effect for sandboxes using the system network namespace.
The default firewall is optimized for regular desktop applications. No incoming connections are accepted:
*filter :INPUT DROP [0:0] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # allow ping -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT # drop STUN (WebRTC) requests -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 3478 -j DROP -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 3479 -j DROP -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 3478 -j DROP -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 3479 -j DROP COMMIT
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --netfilter firefox
--netfilter=filename Enable the firewall specified by filename if a new network namespace is created inside the sandbox.  This option has no effect for sandboxes using the system network namespace.
Please use the regular iptables-save/iptables-restore format for the filter file. The following examples are available in /etc/firejail directory:
webserver.net is a webserver firewall that allows access only to TCP ports 80 and 443.  Example:
$ firejail --netfilter=/etc/firejail/webserver.net --net=eth0 \ /etc/init.d/apache2 start
nolocal.net/nolocal6.net is a desktop client firewall that disable access to local network. Example:
$ firejail --netfilter=/etc/firejail/nolocal.net \ --net=eth0 firefox
--netfilter=filename,arg1,arg2,arg3 ... This is the template version of the previous command. $ARG1, $ARG2, $ARG3 ... in the firewall script are replaced with arg1, arg2, arg3 ... passed on the command line. Up to 16 arguments are supported.  Example:
$ firejail --net=eth0 --ip=192.168.1.105 \ --netfilter=/etc/firejail/tcpserver.net,5001 server-program
--netfilter.print=name|pid Print the firewall installed in the sandbox specified by name or PID. Example:
$ firejail --name=browser --net=eth0 --netfilter firefox & $ firejail --netfilter.print=browser
--netfilter6=filename Enable the IPv6 firewall specified by filename if a new network namespace is created inside the sandbox.  This option has no effect for sandboxes using the system network namespace.  Please use the regular iptables-save/iptables-restore format for the filter file.
--netfilter6.print=name|pid Print the IPv6 firewall installed in the sandbox specified by name or PID. Example:
$ firejail --name=browser --net=eth0 --netfilter firefox & $ firejail --netfilter6.print=browser
--netmask=address Use this option when you want to assign an IP address in a new namespace and the parent interface specified by --net is not configured. An IP address and a default gateway address also have to be added. By default the new namespace interface comes without IP address and default gateway configured. Example:
$ sudo /sbin/brctl addbr br0 $ sudo /sbin/ifconfig br0 up $ firejail --ip=10.10.20.67 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --defaultgw=10.10.20.1
--netns=name Run the program in a named, persistent network namespace.  These can be created and configured using "ip netns".
--netstats Monitor network namespace statistics, see MONITORING section for more details.
$ firejail --netstats PID  User    RX(KB/s) TX(KB/s) Command 1294 netblue 53.355   1.473    firejail --net=eth0 firefox 7383 netblue 9.045    0.112    firejail --net=eth0 transmission
--nice=value Set nice value for all processes running inside the sandbox.  Only root may specify a negative value.
Example: $ firejail --nice=2 firefox
--no3d Disable 3D hardware acceleration.
Example: $ firejail --no3d firefox
--noautopulse (deprecated) See --keep-config-pulse.
--noblacklist=dirname_or_filename Disable blacklist for this directory or file.
Example: $ firejail $ nc dict.org 2628 bash: /bin/nc: Permission denied $ exit
$ firejail --noblacklist=/bin/nc $ nc dict.org 2628 220 pan.alephnull.com dictd 1.12.1/rf on Linux 3.14-1-amd64
--nodbus (deprecated) Disable D-Bus access (both system and session buses). Equivalent to --dbus-system=none --dbus-user=none.
Example: $ firejail --nodbus --net=none
--nodvd Disable DVD and audio CD devices.
Example: $ firejail --nodvd
--noinput Disable input devices.
Example: $ firejail --noinput
--noexec=dirname_or_filename Remount directory or file noexec, nodev and nosuid. File globbing is supported, see FILE GLOBBING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --noexec=/tmp
/etc and /var are noexec by default if the sandbox was started as a regular user.
--nogroups Disable supplementary groups. Without this option, supplementary groups are enabled for the user starting the sandbox. For root user supplementary groups are always disabled.
Note: By default all regular user groups are removed with the exception of the current user. This can be changed using --allusers command option.
Example: $ id uid=1000(netblue) gid=1000(netblue) groups=1000(netblue),24(cdrom),25(floppy),27(sudo),29(audio) $ firejail --nogroups Parent pid 8704, child pid 8705 Child process initialized $ id uid=1000(netblue) gid=1000(netblue) groups=1000(netblue) $
--nonewprivs Sets the NO_NEW_PRIVS prctl.  This ensures that child processes cannot acquire new privileges using execve(2);  in particular, this means that calling a suid binary (or one with file capabilities) does not result in an increase of privilege. This option is enabled by default if seccomp filter is activated.
--noprofile Do not use a security profile.
Example: $ firejail Reading profile /etc/firejail/default.profile Parent pid 8553, child pid 8554 Child process initialized [...]
$ firejail --noprofile Parent pid 8553, child pid 8554 Child process initialized [...]
--noroot Install a user namespace with a single user - the current user. root user does not exist in the new namespace. This option requires a Linux kernel version 3.8 or newer. The option is not supported for --chroot and --overlay configurations, or for sandboxes started as root.
Example: $ firejail --noroot Parent pid 8553, child pid 8554 Child process initialized $ ping google.com ping: icmp open socket: Operation not permitted $
--nosound Disable sound system.
Example: $ firejail --nosound firefox
--notv Disable DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) TV devices.
Example: $ firejail --notv vlc
--nou2f Disable U2F devices.
Example: $ firejail --nou2f
--novideo Disable video devices.
--nowhitelist=dirname_or_filename Disable whitelist for this directory or file.
--output=logfile stdout logging and log rotation. Copy stdout to logfile, and keep the size of the file under 500KB using log rotation. Five files with prefixes .1 to .5 are used in rotation.
Example: $ firejail --output=sandboxlog /bin/bash [...] $ ls -l sandboxlog* -rw-r--r-- 1 netblue netblue 333890 Jun  2 07:48 sandboxlog -rw-r--r-- 1 netblue netblue 511488 Jun  2 07:48 sandboxlog.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 netblue netblue 511488 Jun  2 07:48 sandboxlog.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 netblue netblue 511488 Jun  2 07:48 sandboxlog.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 netblue netblue 511488 Jun  2 07:48 sandboxlog.4 -rw-r--r-- 1 netblue netblue 511488 Jun  2 07:48 sandboxlog.5
--output-stderr=logfile Similar to --output, but stderr is also stored.
--private Mount new /root and /home/user directories in temporary filesystems. All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed.
Example: $ firejail --private firefox
--private=directory Use directory as user home.  --private and --private=directory cannot be used together.
Example: $ firejail --private=/home/netblue/firefox-home firefox
--private-bin=file,file Build a new /bin in a temporary filesystem, and copy the programs in the list.  The files in the list must be expressed as relative to the /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, or /usr/local/bin directories.  If no listed files are found, /bin directory will be empty.  The same directory is also bind-mounted over /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin and /usr/local/bin.  All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed. File globbing is supported, see FILE GLOBBING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --private-bin=bash,sed,ls,cat Parent pid 20841, child pid 20842 Child process initialized $ ls /bin bash  cat  ls  sed
--private-cache Mount an empty temporary filesystem on top of the .cache directory in user home. All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed.
Example: $ firejail --private-cache openbox
--private-cwd Set working directory inside jail to the home directory, and failing that, the root directory. Does not impact working directory of profile include paths.
Example: $ pwd /tmp $ firejail --private-cwd $ pwd /home/user
--private-cwd=directory Set working directory inside the jail. Does not impact working directory of profile include paths.
Example: $ pwd /tmp $ firejail --private-cwd=/opt $ pwd /opt
--private-dev Create a new /dev directory. Only disc, dri, dvb, hidraw, null, full, zero, tty, pts, ptmx, random, snd, urandom, video, log, shm and usb devices are available.  Use the options --no3d, --nodvd, --nosound, --notv, --nou2f and --novideo for additional restrictions.
Example: $ firejail --private-dev Parent pid 9887, child pid 9888 Child process initialized $ ls /dev cdrom  cdrw  dri  dvd  dvdrw  full  log  null  ptmx  pts  random shm  snd  sr0  tty  urandom  zero $
--private-etc=file,directory Build a new /etc in a temporary filesystem, and copy the files and directories in the list.  The files and directories in the list must be expressed as relative to the /etc directory (e.g., /etc/foo must be expressed as foo).  If no listed file is found, /etc directory will be empty.  All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed.
Example: $ firejail --private-etc=group,hostname,localtime, \ nsswitch.conf,passwd,resolv.conf
--private-home=file,directory Build a new user home in a temporary filesystem, and copy the files and directories in the list in the new home.  The files and directories in the list must be expressed as relative to the current user's home directory.  All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed.
Example: $ firejail --private-home=.mozilla firefox
--private-lib=file,directory This feature is currently under heavy development. Only amd64 platforms are supported at this moment.  The files and directories in the list must be expressed as relative to the /lib directory. The idea is to build a new /lib in a temporary filesystem, with only the library files necessary to run the application.  It could be as simple as:
$ firejail --private-lib galculator
but it gets complicated really fast:
$ firejail --private-lib=x86_64-linux-gnu/xed,x86_64-linux- gnu/gdk-pixbuf-2.0,libenchant.so.1,librsvg-2.so.2 xed
The feature is integrated with --private-bin:
$ firejail --private-lib --private-bin=bash,ls,ps $ ls /lib ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 libgpg-error.so.0 libprocps.so.6 libsystemd.so.0 libc.so.6 liblz4.so.1 libpthread.so.0 libtinfo.so.5 libdl.so.2 liblzma.so.5 librt.so.1 x86_64-linux-gnu libgcrypt.so.20 libpcre.so.3 libselinux.so.1 $ ps PID TTY          TIME CMD 1 pts/0    00:00:00 firejail 45 pts/0    00:00:00 bash 48 pts/0    00:00:00 ps $
--private-opt=file,directory Build a new /opt in a temporary filesystem, and copy the files and directories in the list.  The files and directories in the list must be expressed as relative to the /opt directory, and must not contain the / character (e.g., /opt/foo must be expressed as foo, but /opt/foo/bar -- expressed as foo/bar -- is disallowed).  If no listed file is found, /opt directory will be empty.  All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed.
Example: $ firejail --private-opt=firefox /opt/firefox/firefox
--private-srv=file,directory Build a new /srv in a temporary filesystem, and copy the files and directories in the list.  The files and directories in the list must be expressed as relative to the /srv directory, and must not contain the / character (e.g., /srv/foo must be expressed as foo, but /srv/foo/bar -- expressed as srv/bar -- is disallowed).  If no listed file is found, /srv directory will be empty.  All modifications are discarded when the sandbox is closed.
Example: # firejail --private-srv=www /etc/init.d/apache2 start
--private-tmp Mount an empty temporary filesystem on top of /tmp directory whitelisting X11 and PulseAudio sockets.
Example: $ firejail --private-tmp $ ls -al /tmp drwxrwxrwt  4 nobody nogroup   80 Apr 30 11:46 . drwxr-xr-x 30 nobody nogroup 4096 Apr 26 22:18 .. drwx------  2 nobody nogroup 4096 Apr 30 10:52 pulse-PKdhtXMmr18n drwxrwxrwt  2 nobody nogroup 4096 Apr 30 10:52 .X11-unix
--profile=filename_or_profilename Load a custom security profile from filename. For filename use an absolute path or a path relative to the current path.  For more information, see SECURITY PROFILES section below.
Example: $ firejail --profile=myprofile
--profile.print=name|pid Print the name of the profile file for the sandbox identified by name or or PID.
Example: $ firejail --profile.print=browser /etc/firejail/firefox.profile
--protocol=protocol,protocol,protocol Enable protocol filter. The filter is based on seccomp and checks the first argument to socket system call.  Recognized values: unix, inet, inet6, netlink, packet and bluetooth. This option is not supported for i386 architecture.
Example: $ firejail --protocol=unix,inet,inet6 firefox
--protocol.print=name|pid Print the protocol filter for the sandbox identified by name or PID.
Example: $ firejail --name=mybrowser firefox & $ firejail --protocol.print=mybrowser unix,inet,inet6,netlink
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --protocol.print=3272 unix,inet,inet6,netlink
--put=name|pid src-filename dest-filename Put a file in sandbox container, see FILE TRANSFER section for more details.
--quiet Turn off Firejail's output.
The same effect can be obtained by setting an environment variable FIREJAIL_QUIET to yes.
--read-only=dirname_or_filename Set directory or file read-only. File globbing is supported, see FILE GLOBBING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --read-only=~/.mozilla firefox
--read-write=dirname_or_filename Set directory or file read-write. Only files or directories belonging to the current user are allowed for this operation. File globbing is supported, see FILE GLOBBING section for more details. Example:
$ mkdir ~/test $ touch ~/test/a $ firejail --read-only=~/test --read-write=~/test/a
--rlimit-as=number Set the maximum size of the process's virtual memory (address space) in bytes.  Use k(ilobyte), m(egabyte) or g(igabyte) for size suffix (base 1024).
--rlimit-cpu=number Set the maximum limit, in seconds, for the amount of CPU time each sandboxed process  can consume. When the limit is reached, the processes are killed.
The CPU limit is a limit on CPU seconds rather than elapsed time. CPU seconds is basically how many seconds the CPU has been in use and does not necessarily directly relate to the elapsed time. Linux kernel keeps track of CPU seconds for each process independently.
--rlimit-fsize=number Set the maximum file size that can be created by a process.  Use k(ilobyte), m(egabyte) or g(igabyte) for size suffix (base 1024).
--rlimit-nofile=number Set the maximum number of files that can be opened by a process.
--rlimit-nproc=number Set the maximum number of processes that can be created for the real user ID of the calling process.
--rlimit-sigpending=number Set the maximum number of pending signals for a process.
--rmenv=name Remove environment variable in the new sandbox.
Example: $ firejail --rmenv=DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
--scan ARP-scan all the networks from inside a network namespace.  This makes it possible to detect macvlan kernel device drivers running on the current host.
Example: $ firejail --net=eth0 --scan
--seccomp Enable seccomp filter and blacklist the syscalls in the default list, which is  @default-nodebuggers unless --allow-debuggers is specified, then it is @default.
To help creating useful seccomp filters more easily, the following system call groups are defined: @aio, @basic-io, @chown, @clock, @cpu-emulation, @debug, @default, @default-nodebuggers, @default- keep, @file-system, @io-event, @ipc, @keyring, @memlock, @module, @mount, @network-io, @obsolete, @privileged, @process, @raw-io, @reboot, @resources, @setuid, @swap, @sync, @system-service and @timer.  More information about groups can be found in /usr/share/doc/firejail/syscalls.txt
System architecture is strictly imposed only if flag --seccomp.block-secondary is used. The filter is applied at run time only if the correct architecture was detected. For the case of I386 and AMD64 both 32-bit and 64-bit filters are installed.
Firejail will print seccomp violations to the audit log if the kernel was compiled with audit support (CONFIG_AUDIT flag).
Example: $ firejail --seccomp
The default list can be customized, see --seccomp= for a description. It can be customized also globally in /etc/firejail/firejail.config file.
--seccomp=syscall,@group,!syscall2 Enable seccomp filter, blacklist the default list and the syscalls or syscall groups specified by the command, but don't blacklist "syscall2". On a 64 bit architecture, an additional filter for 32 bit system calls can be installed with --seccomp.32.
Example: $ firejail --seccomp=utime,utimensat,utimes firefox $ firejail --seccomp=@clock,mkdir,unlinkat transmission-gtk $ firejail '--seccomp=@ipc,!pipe,!pipe2' audacious
Syscalls can be specified by their number if prefix $ is added, so for example $165 would be equal to mount on i386.
Instead of dropping the syscall by returning EPERM, another error number can be returned using syscall:errno syntax. This can be also changed globally with --seccomp-error-action or in /etc/firejail/firejail.config file.  The process can also be killed by using syscall:kill syntax, or the attempt may be logged with syscall:log.
Example: $ firejail --seccomp=unlinkat:ENOENT,utimensat,utimes Parent pid 10662, child pid 10663 Child process initialized $ touch testfile $ ls testfile testfile $ rm testfile rm: cannot remove `testfile': No such file or directory
If the blocked system calls would also block Firejail from operating, they are handled by adding a preloaded library which performs seccomp system calls later. However, this is incompatible with 32 bit seccomp filters.
Example: $ firejail --noprofile --shell=none --seccomp=execve sh Parent pid 32751, child pid 32752 Post-exec seccomp protector enabled list in: execve, check list: @default-keep prelist: (null), postlist: execve Child process initialized in 46.44 ms $ ls Operation not permitted
--seccomp.block-secondary Enable seccomp filter and filter system call architectures so that only the native architecture is allowed. For example, on amd64, i386 and x32 system calls are blocked as well as changing the execution domain with personality(2) system call.
--seccomp.drop=syscall,@group Enable seccomp filter, and blacklist the syscalls or the syscall groups specified by the command. On a 64 bit architecture, an additional filter for 32 bit system calls can be installed with --seccomp.32.drop.
Example: $ firejail --seccomp.drop=utime,utimensat,utimes,@clock
Example: $ firejail --seccomp.drop=unlinkat:ENOENT,utimensat,utimes Parent pid 10662, child pid 10663 Child process initialized $ touch testfile $ ls testfile testfile $ rm testfile rm: cannot remove `testfile': No such file or directory
--seccomp.keep=syscall,@group,!syscall2 Enable seccomp filter, blacklist all syscall not listed and "syscall2".  The system calls needed by Firejail (group @default- keep: prctl, execve, execveat) are handled with the preload library. On a 64 bit architecture, an additional filter for 32 bit system calls can be installed with --seccomp.32.keep.
Example: $ firejail --shell=none --seccomp.keep=poll,select,[...] transmission-gtk
--seccomp.print=name|pid Print the seccomp filter for the sandbox identified by name or PID.
--seccomp-error-action= kill | ERRNO | log By default, if a seccomp filter blocks a system call, the process gets EPERM as the error. With --seccomp-error-action=error, another error number can be returned, for example ENOSYS or EACCES. The process can also be killed (like in versions <0.9.63 of Firejail) by using --seccomp-error-action=kill syntax, or the attempt may be logged with --seccomp-error-action=log. Not killing the process weakens Firejail slightly when trying to contain intrusion, but it may also allow tighter filters if the only alternative is to allow a system call.
--shell=none Run the program directly, without a user shell.
Example: $ firejail --shell=none script.sh
--shell=program Set default user shell. Use this shell to run the application using -c shell option.  For example "firejail --shell=/bin/dash firefox" will start Mozilla Firefox as "/bin/dash -c firefox".  By default the user's preferred shell is used.
Example: $firejail --shell=/bin/dash script.sh
--shutdown=name|pid Shutdown the sandbox identified by name or PID.
Example: $ firejail --name=mygame --caps.drop=all warzone2100 & $ firejail --shutdown=mygame
Example: $ firejail --list 3272:netblue::firejail --private firefox $ firejail --shutdown=3272
--timeout=hh:mm:ss Kill the sandbox automatically after the time has elapsed. The time is specified in hours/minutes/seconds format.
$ firejail --timeout=01:30:00 firefox
--tmpfs=dirname Mount a writable tmpfs filesystem on directory dirname. Directories outside user home or not owned by the user are not allowed. Sandboxes running as root are exempt from these restrictions. File globbing is supported, see FILE GLOBBING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --tmpfs=~/.local/share
--top  Monitor the most CPU-intensive sandboxes, see MONITORING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --top
--trace[=filename] Trace open, access and connect system calls. If filename is specified, log trace output to filename, otherwise log to console.
Example: $ firejail --trace wget -q www.debian.org Reading profile /etc/firejail/wget.profile 3:wget:fopen64 /etc/wgetrc:0x5c8e8ce6c0 3:wget:fopen /etc/hosts:0x5c8e8cfb70 3:wget:socket AF_INET SOCK_DGRAM IPPROTO_IP:3 3:wget:connect 3 8.8.8.8 port 53:0 3:wget:socket AF_INET SOCK_STREAM IPPROTO_IP:3 3:wget:connect 3 130.89.148.14 port 80:0 3:wget:fopen64 index.html:0x5c8e8d1a60
parent is shutting down, bye...
--tracelog This option enables auditing blacklisted files and directories. A message is sent to syslog in case the file or the directory is accessed.
Example: $ firejail --tracelog firefox
Sample messages: $ sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog [...] Dec  3 11:43:25 debian firejail[70]: blacklist violation - sandbox 26370, exe firefox, syscall open64, path /etc/shadow Dec  3 11:46:17 debian firejail[70]: blacklist violation - sandbox 26370, exe firefox, syscall opendir, path /boot [...]
--tree Print a tree of all sandboxed processes, see MONITORING section for more details.
Example: $ firejail --tree 11903:netblue:firejail iceweasel 11904:netblue:iceweasel 11957:netblue:/usr/lib/iceweasel/plugin-container 11969:netblue:firejail --net=eth0 transmission-gtk 11970:netblue:transmission-gtk
--tunnel[=devname] Connect the sandbox to a network overlay/VPN tunnel created by firetunnel utility. This options tries first the client side of the tunnel. If this fails, it tries the server side. If multiple tunnels are active, please specify the tunnel device using --tunnel=devname.
The available tunnel devices are listed in /etc/firetunnel directory, one file for each device.  The files are regular firejail profile files containing the network configuration, and are created and managed by firetunnel utility.  By default ftc is the client-side device and fts is the server-side device. For more information please see man 1 firetunnel.
Example: $ firejail --tunnel firefox
--version Print program version/compile time support and exit.
Example: $ firejail --version firejail version 0.9.27
Compile time support: - AppArmor support is enabled - AppImage support is enabled - chroot support is enabled - file and directory whitelisting support is enabled - file transfer support is enabled - firetunnel support is enabled - networking support is enabled - overlayfs support is enabled - private-home support is enabled - seccomp-bpf support is enabled - user namespace support is enabled - X11 sandboxing support is enabled
--veth-name=name Use this name for the interface connected to the bridge for --net=bridge_interface commands, instead of the default one.
Example: $ firejail --net=br0 --veth-name=if0