neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
-d      Is an alias for atrm.
-b      is an alias for batch.
-v      Shows the time the job will be executed before reading the job.
Times displayed will be in the format "Thu Feb 20 14:50:00 1997".
-c     cats the jobs listed on the command line to standard output.
/var/spool/atd /var/spool/atd /proc/loadavg /var/run/utmp /etc/at.allow /etc/at.deny
at.allow(5), at.deny(5), atd(8), cron(1), nice(1), sh(1), umask(2).
The correct operation of batch for Linux depends on the presence of a proc- type directory mounted on /proc.
If the file /var/run/utmp is not available or corrupted, or if the user is not logged on at the time at is invoked, the mail is sent to the userid found in the environment variable LOGNAME.  If that is undefined or empty, the current userid is assumed.
At and batch as presently implemented are not suitable when users are competing for resources.  If this is the case for your site, you might want to consider another batch system, such as nqs.
At was mostly written by Thomas Koenig.
ABDUCO(1)                    General Commands Manual                   ABDUCO(1)
abduco - terminal session manager
abduco [-e detachkey] [-r] [-f] -c name command [args ...] abduco [-e detachkey] [-r] [-f] -n name command [args ...] abduco [-e detachkey] [-r] [-f] [-l] -A name command [args ...] abduco [-e detachkey] [-r] [-l] -a name
abduco provides a way to disconnect a given application from its controlling terminal, thus it provides roughly the same session attach/detach support as screen(1), tmux(1) or dtach(1).
If the command to execute is not specified, the environment variable $ABDUCO_CMD is examined, if it is not set dvtm(1) is executed.
All session related information is stored in the following directories (first to succeed is used):
$ABDUCO_SOCKET_DIR/abduco $HOME/.abduco $TMPDIR/abduco/$USER /tmp/abduco/$USER
However if a given session name represents either a relative or absolute path it is used unmodified.
If for some reason the unix(7) domain socket representing a session is deleted, sending SIGUSR1 to the server process will recreate it.
If no command line arguments are given all currently active sessions are printed sorted by their respective creation date. Lines starting with an asterik * indicate that at least one client is connected.  A plus sign + indicates that the command terminated while no client was connected, attach to get its exit status.
-v     Print version information to standard output and exit.
-r     Readonly session, i.e. user input is ignored.
-e detachkey Set the key to detach which by default is set to CTRL+\ i.e. ^\ to detachkey.
-f     Force creation of session when there is an already terminated session of the same name, after showing its exit status.
-c     Create a new session and attach immediately to it.
-n     Create a new session but do not attach to it.
-A     Try to connect to an existing session, upon failure create said session and attach immediately to it.
-a     Attach to an existing session.
-l     Attach with the lowest priority, meaning this client will be the last to control the size.
Start a new session (assuming dvtm(1) is in $PATH) with
abduco -c my-session
do some work, then detach by pressing CTRL+\ and later reattach with
abduco -a my-session
abduco is written by Marc AndrÃ© Tanner <mat at brain-dump.org>
FLAC(1)                                                                  FLAC(1)
flac - Free Lossless Audio Codec
flac [ OPTIONS ] [ infile.wav | infile.rf64 | infile.aiff | infile.raw | infile.flac | infile.oga | infile.ogg | - ... ]
flac [ -d | --decode | -t | --test | -a | --analyze ] [ OPTIONS ] [ infile.flac | infile.oga | infile.ogg | - ... ]
flac is a command-line tool for encoding, decoding, testing and analyzing FLAC streams.
A summary of options is included below.  For a complete description, see the HTML documentation.
GENERAL OPTIONS -v, --version Show the flac version number
-h, --help Show basic usage and a list of all options
-H, --explain Show detailed explanation of usage and all options
-d, --decode Decode (the default behavior is to encode)
-t, --test Test a flac encoded file (same as -d except no decoded file is written)
-a, --analyze Analyze a FLAC encoded file (same as -d except an analysis file is written)
-c, --stdout Write output to stdout
-s, --silent Silent mode (do not write runtime encode/decode statistics to stderr)
--totally-silent Do not print anything of any kind, including warnings or errors. The exit code will be the only way to determine successful completion.
--no-utf8-convert Do not convert tags from local charset to UTF-8.  This is useful for scripts, and setting tags in situations where the locale is wrong.  This option must appear before any tag options!
-w, --warnings-as-errors Treat all warnings as errors (which cause flac to terminate with a non-zero exit code).
-f, --force Force overwriting of output files.  By default, flac warns that the output file already exists and continues to the next file.
-o filename, --output-name=filename Force the output file name (usually flac just changes the extension).  May only be used when encoding a single file.  May not be used in conjunction with --output-prefix.
--output-prefix=string Prefix each output file name with the given string.  This can be useful for encoding or decoding files to a different directory. Make sure if your string is a path name that it ends with a trailing `/' (slash).
--delete-input-file Automatically delete the input file after a successful encode or decode.  If there was an error (including a verify error) the input file is left intact.
--preserve-modtime Output files have their timestamps/permissions set to match those of their inputs (this is default).  Use --no-preserve-modtime to make output files have the current time and default permissions.
--keep-foreign-metadata If encoding, save WAVE, RF64, or AIFF non-audio chunks in FLAC metadata.  If decoding, restore any saved non-audio chunks from FLAC metadata when writing the decoded file.  Foreign metadata cannot be transcoded, e.g. WAVE chunks saved in a FLAC file cannot be restored when decoding to AIFF.  Input and output must be regular files (not stdin or stdout).
--skip={#|mm:ss.ss} Skip over the first number of samples of the input.  This works for both encoding and decoding, but not testing.  The alternative form mm:ss.ss can be used to specify minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second.
--until={#|[+|-]mm:ss.ss} Stop at the given sample number for each input file.  This works for both encoding and decoding, but not testing.  The given sample number is not included in the decoded output.  The alternative form mm:ss.ss can be used to specify minutes, seconds, and fractions of a second.  If a `+' (plus) sign is at the beginning, the --until point is relative to the --skip point.  If a `-' (minus) sign is at the beginning, the --until point is relative to end of the audio.
--ogg  When encoding, generate Ogg FLAC output instead of native FLAC. Ogg FLAC streams are FLAC streams wrapped in an Ogg transport layer.  The resulting file should have an '.oga' extension and will still be decodable by flac.
When decoding, force the input to be treated as Ogg FLAC.  This is useful when piping input from stdin or when the filename does not end in '.oga' or '.ogg'.
--serial-number=# When used with --ogg, specifies the serial number to use for the first Ogg FLAC stream, which is then incremented for each additional stream.  When encoding and no serial number is given, flac uses a random number for the first stream, then increments it for each additional stream.  When decoding and no number is given, flac uses the serial number of the first page.
ANALYSIS OPTIONS --residual-text Includes the residual signal in the analysis file.  This will make the file very big, much larger than even the decoded file.
--residual-gnuplot Generates a gnuplot file for every subframe; each file will contain the residual distribution of the subframe.  This will create a lot of files.
DECODING OPTIONS --cue=[#.#][-[#.#]] Set the beginning and ending cuepoints to decode.  The optional first #.# is the track and index point at which decoding will start; the default is the beginning of the stream.  The optional second #.# is the track and index point at which decoding will end; the default is the end of the stream.  If the cuepoint does not exist, the closest one before it (for the start point) or after it (for the end point) will be used.  If those don't exist, the start of the stream (for the start point) or end of the stream (for the end point) will be used.  The cuepoints are merely translated into sample numbers then used as --skip and --until.  A CD track can always be cued by, for example, --cue=9.1-10.1 for track 9, even if the CD has no 10th track.
-F, --decode-through-errors By default flac stops decoding with an error and removes the partially decoded file if it encounters a bitstream error.  With -F, errors are still printed but flac will continue decoding to completion.  Note that errors may cause the decoded audio to be missing some samples or have silent sections.
--apply-replaygain-which-is-not-lossless[=<specification>] Applies ReplayGain values while decoding.
WARNING: THIS IS NOT LOSSLESS.  DECODED AUDIO WILL NOT BE IDENTICAL TO THE ORIGINAL WITH THIS OPTION.
The equals sign and <specification> is optional.  If omitted, the default is 0aLn1.
The <specification> is a shorthand notation for describing how to apply ReplayGain.  All components are optional but order is important.  '[]' means 'optional'.  '|' means 'or'.  '{}' means required.  The format is:
[<preamp>][a|t][l|L][n{0|1|2|3}]
preamp A floating point number in dB.  This is added to the existing gain value.
a|t    Specify 'a' to use the album gain, or 't' to use the track gain.  If tags for the preferred kind (album/track) do not exist but tags for the other (track/album) do, those will be used instead.
l|L    Specify 'l' to peak-limit the output, so that the ReplayGain peak value is full-scale.  Specify 'L' to use a 6dB hard limiter that kicks in when the signal approaches full-scale.
n{0|1|2|3} Specify the amount of noise shaping.  ReplayGain synthesis happens in floating point; the result is dithered before converting back to integer.  This quantization adds noise. Noise shaping tries to move the noise where you won't hear it as much.  0 means no noise shaping, 1 means 'low', 2 means 'medium', 3 means 'high'.
For example, the default of 0aLn1 means 0dB preamp, use album gain, 6dB hard limit, low noise shaping.
--apply-replaygain-which-is-not-lossless=3 means 3dB preamp, use album gain, no limiting, no noise shaping.
flac uses the ReplayGain tags for the calculation.  If a stream does not have the required tags or they can't be parsed, decoding will continue with a warning, and no ReplayGain is applied to that stream.
ENCODING OPTIONS -V, --verify Verify a correct encoding by decoding the output in parallel and comparing to the original
--lax  Allow encoder to generate non-Subset files.  The resulting FLAC file may not be streamable or might have trouble being played in all players (especially hardware devices), so you should only use this option in combination with custom encoding options meant for archival.
--replay-gain Calculate ReplayGain values and store them as FLAC tags, similar to vorbisgain.  Title gains/peaks will be computed for each input file, and an album gain/peak will be computed for all files.  All input files must have the same resolution, sample rate, and number of channels.  Only mono and stereo files are allowed, and the sample rate must be one of 8, 11.025, 12, 16, 22.05, 24, 32, 44.1, or 48 kHz.  Also note that this option may leave a few extra bytes in a PADDING block as the exact size of the tags is not known until all files are processed.  Note that this option cannot be used when encoding to standard output (stdout).
--cuesheet=filename Import the given cuesheet file and store it in a CUESHEET metadata block.  This option may only be used when encoding a single file. A seekpoint will be added for each index point in the cuesheet to the SEEKTABLE unless --no-cued-seekpoints is specified.
--picture={FILENAME|SPECIFICATION} Import a picture and store it in a PICTURE metadata block.  More than one --picture command can be specified.  Either a filename for the picture file or a more complete specification form can be used.  The SPECIFICATION is a string whose parts are separated by | (pipe) characters.  Some parts may be left empty to invoke default values.  FILENAME is just shorthand for "||||FILENAME". The format of SPECIFICATION is
[TYPE]|[MIME- TYPE]|[DESCRIPTION]|[WIDTHxHEIGHTxDEPTH[/COLORS]]|FILE
TYPE is optional; it is a number from one of:
0: Other
1: 32x32 pixels 'file icon' (PNG only)
2: Other file icon
3: Cover (front)
4: Cover (back)
5: Leaflet page
6: Media (e.g. label side of CD)
7: Lead artist/lead performer/soloist
8: Artist/performer
9: Conductor
10: Band/Orchestra
11: Composer
12: Lyricist/text writer
13: Recording Location
14: During recording
15: During performance
16: Movie/video screen capture
17: A bright coloured fish
18: Illustration
19: Band/artist logotype
20: Publisher/Studio logotype
The default is 3 (front cover).  There may only be one picture each of type 1 and 2 in a file.
MIME-TYPE is optional; if left blank, it will be detected from the file.  For best compatibility with players, use pictures with MIME type image/jpeg or image/png.  The MIME type can also be --> to mean that FILE is actually a URL to an image, though this use is discouraged.
DESCRIPTION is optional; the default is an empty string.
The next part specifies the resolution and color information.  If the MIME-TYPE is image/jpeg, image/png, or image/gif, you can usually leave this empty and they can be detected from the file. Otherwise, you must specify the width in pixels, height in pixels, and color depth in bits-per-pixel.  If the image has indexed colors you should also specify the number of colors used.  When manually specified, it is not checked against the file for accuracy.
FILE is the path to the picture file to be imported, or the URL if MIME type is -->
For example, "|image/jpeg|||../cover.jpg" will embed the JPEG file at ../cover.jpg, defaulting to type 3 (front cover) and an empty description.  The resolution and color info will be retrieved from the file itself.
The specification "4|-->|CD|320x300x24/173|http://blah.blah/backcover.tiff" will embed the given URL, with type 4 (back cover), description "CD", and a manually specified resolution of 320x300, 24 bits-per-pixel, and 173 colors.  The file at the URL will not be fetched; the URL itself is stored in the PICTURE metadata block.
--sector-align Align encoding of multiple CD format files on sector boundaries. See the HTML documentation for more information.  This option is DEPRECATED and may not exist in future versions of flac.
--ignore-chunk-sizes When encoding to flac, ignore the file size headers in WAV and AIFF files to attempt to work around problems with over-sized or malformed files.
WAV and AIFF files both have an unsigned 32 bit numbers in the file header which specifes the length of audio data. Since this number is unsigned 32 bits, that limits the size of a valid file to being just over 4 Gigabytes. Files larger than this are mal- formed, but should be read correctly using this option.
-S {#|X|#x|#s}, --seekpoint={#|X|#x|#s} Include a point or points in a SEEKTABLE.  Using #, a seek point at that sample number is added.  Using X, a placeholder point is added at the end of a the table.  Using #x, # evenly spaced seek points will be added, the first being at sample 0.  Using #s, a seekpoint will be added every # seconds (# does not have to be a whole number; it can be, for example, 9.5, meaning a seekpoint every 9.5 seconds).  You may use many -S options; the resulting SEEKTABLE will be the unique-ified union of all such values.  With no -S options, flac defaults to '-S 10s'.  Use --no-seektable for no SEEKTABLE.  Note: '-S #x' and '-S #s' will not work if the encoder can't determine the input size before starting.  Note: if you use '-S #' and # is >= samples in the input, there will be either no seek point entered (if the input size is determinable before encoding starts) or a placeholder point (if input size is not determinable).
-P #, --padding=# Tell the encoder to write a PADDING metadata block of the given length (in bytes) after the STREAMINFO block.  This is useful if you plan to tag the file later with an APPLICATION block; instead of having to rewrite the entire file later just to insert your block, you can write directly over the PADDING block.  Note that the total length of the PADDING block will be 4 bytes longer than the length given because of the 4 metadata block header bytes. You can force no PADDING block at all to be written with --no- padding.  The encoder writes a PADDING block of 8192 bytes by default (or 65536 bytes if the input audio stream is more that 20 minutes long).
-T FIELD=VALUE, --tag=FIELD=VALUE Add a FLAC tag.  The comment must adhere to the Vorbis comment spec; i.e. the FIELD must contain only legal characters, terminated by an 'equals' sign.  Make sure to quote the comment if necessary.  This option may appear more than once to add several comments.  NOTE: all tags will be added to all encoded files.
--tag-from-file=FIELD=FILENAME Like --tag, except FILENAME is a file whose contents will be read verbatim to set the tag value.  The contents will be converted to UTF-8 from the local charset.  This can be used to store a cuesheet in a tag (e.g.  --tag-from-file="CUESHEET=image.cue"). Do not try to store binary data in tag fields!  Use APPLICATION blocks for that.
-b #, --blocksize=# Specify the block size in samples.  Subset streams must use one of 192, 576, 1152, 2304, 4608, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096 (and 8192 or 16384 if the sample rate is >48kHz).
-m, --mid-side Try mid-side coding for each frame (stereo input only)
-M, --adaptive-mid-side Adaptive mid-side coding for all frames (stereo input only)
-0..-8, --compression-level-0..--compression-level-8 Fastest compression..highest compression (default is -5).  These are synonyms for other options:
-0, --compression-level-0 Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -r 3 --no-mid-side
-1, --compression-level-1 Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -M -r 3
-2, --compression-level-2 Synonymous with -l 0 -b 1152 -m -r 3
-3, --compression-level-3 Synonymous with -l 6 -b 4096 -r 4 --no-mid-side
-4, --compression-level-4 Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -M -r 4
-5, --compression-level-5 Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -r 5
-6, --compression-level-6 Synonymous with -l 8 -b 4096 -m -r 6 -A tukey(0.5) -A partial_tukey(2)
-7, --compression-level-7 Synonymous with -l 12 -b 4096 -m -r 6 -A tukey(0.5) -A partial_tukey(2)
-8, --compression-level-8 Synonymous with -l 12 -b 4096 -m -r 6 -A tukey(0.5) -A partial_tukey(2) -A punchout_tukey(3)
--fast Fastest compression.  Currently synonymous with -0.
--best Highest compression.  Currently synonymous with -8.
-e, --exhaustive-model-search Do exhaustive model search (expensive!)
-A function, --apodization=function Window audio data with given the apodization function.  The functions are: bartlett, bartlett_hann, blackman, blackman_harris_4term_92db, connes, flattop, gauss(STDDEV), hamming, hann, kaiser_bessel, nuttall, rectangle, triangle, tukey(P), partial_tukey(n[/ov[/P]]), punchout_tukey(n[/ov[/P]]), welch.
For gauss(STDDEV), STDDEV is the standard deviation (0<STDDEV<=0.5).
For tukey(P), P specifies the fraction of the window that is tapered (0<=P<=1; P=0 corresponds to "rectangle" and P=1 corresponds to "hann").
For partial_tukey(n) and punchout_tukey(n), n apodization functions are added that span different parts of each block. Values of 2 to 6 seem to yield sane results. If necessary, an overlap can be specified, as can be the taper parameter, for example partial_tukey(2/0.2) or partial_tukey(2/0.2/0.5). ov should be smaller than 1 and can be negative.
Please note that P, STDDEV and ov are locale specific, so a comma as decimal separator might be required instead of a dot.
More than one -A option (up to 32) may be used.  Any function that is specified erroneously is silently dropped.  The encoder chooses suitable defaults in the absence of any -A options; any -A option specified replaces the default(s).
When more than one function is specified, then for every subframe the encoder will try each of them separately and choose the window that results in the smallest compressed subframe.  Multiple functions can greatly increase the encoding time.
-l #, --max-lpc-order=# Specifies the maximum LPC order. This number must be <= 32. For Subset streams, it must be <=12 if the sample rate is <=48kHz. If 0, the encoder will not attempt generic linear prediction, and use only fixed predictors. Using fixed predictors is faster but usually results in files being 5-10% larger.
-p, --qlp-coeff-precision-search Do exhaustive search of LP coefficient quantization (expensive!). Overrides -q; does nothing if using -l 0
-q #, --qlp-coeff-precision=# Precision of the quantized linear-predictor coefficients, 0 => let encoder decide (min is 5, default is 0)
-r [#,]#, --rice-partition-order=[#,]# Set the [min,]max residual partition order (0..15). min defaults to 0 if unspecified.  Default is -r 5.
FORMAT OPTIONS --endian={big|little} Set the byte order for samples
--channels=# Set number of channels.
--bps=# Set bits per sample.
--sample-rate=# Set sample rate (in Hz).
--sign={signed|unsigned} Set the sign of samples (the default is signed).
--input-size=# Specify the size of the raw input in bytes.  If you are encoding raw samples from stdin, you must set this option in order to be able to use --skip, --until, --cuesheet, or other options that need to know the size of the input beforehand.  If the size given is greater than what is found in the input stream, the encoder will complain about an unexpected end-of-file.  If the size given is less, samples will be truncated.
--force-raw-format Force input (when encoding) or output (when decoding) to be treated as raw samples (even if filename ends in .wav).
--force-aiff-format Force the decoder to output AIFF format.  This option is not needed if the output filename (as set by -o) ends with .aif or .aiff.  Also, this option has no effect when encoding since input AIFF is auto-detected.
--force-rf64-format Force the decoder to output RF64 format.  This option is not needed if the output filename (as set by -o) ends with .rf64. Also, this option has no effect when encoding since input RF64 is auto-detected.
--force-wave64-format Force the decoder to output Wave64 format.  This option is not needed if the output filename (as set by -o) ends with .w64. Also, this option has no effect when encoding since input Wave64 is auto-detected.
NEGATIVE OPTIONS --no-adaptive-mid-side
--no-cued-seekpoints
--no-decode-through-errors
--no-delete-input-file
--no-preserve-modtime
--no-keep-foreign-metadata
--no-exhaustive-model-search
--no-force
--no-lax
--no-mid-side
--no-ogg
--no-padding
--no-qlp-coeff-prec-search
--no-replay-gain
--no-residual-gnuplot
--no-residual-text
--no-sector-align
--no-seektable
--no-silent
--no-warnings-as-errors These flags can be used to invert the sense of the corresponding normal option.
metaflac(1)
The programs are documented fully by HTML format documentation, available in /usr/share/doc/libflac-doc/html on Debian GNU/Linux systems.
This manual page was initially written by Matt Zimmerman <mdz@debian.org> for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). It has been kept up-to-date by the Xiph.org Foundation.
FINGER(1)                  BSD General Commands Manual                 FINGER(1)
finger — user information lookup program
finger [-lmsp] [user ...] [user@host ...]
The finger displays information about the system users.
Options are:
-s    Finger displays the user's login name, real name, terminal name and write status (as a ``*'' after the terminal name if write permission is denied), idle time, login time, office location and office phone number.
Login time is displayed as month, day, hours and minutes, unless more than six months ago, in which case the year is displayed rather than the hours and minutes.
Unknown devices as well as nonexistent idle and login times are displayed as single asterisks.
-l    Produces a multi-line format displaying all of the information described for the -s option as well as the user's home directory, home phone number, login shell, mail status, and the contents of the files “.plan”, “.project”, “.pgpkey” and “.forward” from the user's home directory.
Phone numbers specified as eleven digits are printed as ``+N-NNN-NNN- NNNN''.  Numbers specified as ten or seven digits are printed as the appropriate subset of that string.  Numbers specified as five digits are printed as ``xN-NNNN''.  Numbers specified as four digits are printed as ``xNNNN''.
If write permission is denied to the device, the phrase ``(messages off)'' is appended to the line containing the device name.  One entry per user is displayed with the -l option; if a user is logged on multiple times, terminal information is repeated once per login.
Mail status is shown as ``No Mail.'' if there is no mail at all, ``Mail last read DDD MMM ## HH:MM YYYY (TZ)'' if the person has looked at their mailbox since new mail arriving, or ``New mail received ...'', ``  Unread since ...'' if they have new mail.
-p    Prevents the -l option of finger from displaying the contents of the “.plan”, “.project” and “.pgpkey” files.
-m    Prevent matching of user names.  User is usually a login name; however, matching will also be done on the users' real names, unless the -m option is supplied.  All name matching performed by finger is case insensitive.
If no options are specified, finger defaults to the -l style output if operands are provided, otherwise to the -s style.  Note that some fields may be missing, in either format, if information is not available for them.
If no arguments are specified, finger will print an entry for each user currently logged into the system.
Finger may be used to look up users on a remote machine.  The format is to specify a user as “user@host”, or “@host”, where the default output format for the former is the -l style, and the default output format for the latter is the -s style.  The -l option is the only option that may be passed to a remote machine.
If standard output is a socket, finger will emit a carriage return (^M) before every linefeed (^J). This is for processing remote finger requests when invoked by fingerd(8).
~/.nofinger      If finger finds this file in a user's home directory, it will, for finger requests originating outside the local host, firmly deny the existence of that user.  For this to work, the finger program, as started by fingerd(8), must be able to see the .nofinger file. This generally means that the home directory containing the file must have the other-users-execute bit set (o+x). See chmod(1).  If you use this feature for privacy, please test it with ``finger @localhost'' before relying on it, just in case.
~/.plan
~/.project
~/.pgp           These files are printed as part of a long-format request. The .project file is limited to one line; the .plan file may be arbitrarily long.
chfn(1), passwd(1), w(1), who(1)
The finger command appeared in 3.0BSD.
UPDATE-RC.D(8)                  Debian GNU/Linux                  UPDATE-RC.D(8)
update-rc.d - install and remove System-V style init script links
update-rc.d [-f] name remove
update-rc.d name defaults
update-rc.d name defaults-disabled
update-rc.d name disable|enable [ S|2|3|4|5 ]
update-rc.d updates the System V style init script links /etc/rcrunlevel.d/NNname whose target is the script /etc/init.d/name. These links are run by init when it changes runlevels; they are generally used to start and stop system services such as daemons.  runlevel is one of the runlevels supported by init, namely, 0123456789S, and NN is the two-digit sequence number that determines where in the sequence init will run the scripts.
This manpage documents only the usage and behaviour of update-rc.d.  For a discussion of the System V style init script arrangements please see init(8) and the Debian Policy Manual.
update-rc.d requires dependency and runlevel information to be provided in the init.d script LSB comment header of all init.d scripts.  See the insserv(8) manual page for details about the LSB header format.
When run with the defaults option, update-rc.d makes links named /etc/rcrunlevel.d/[SK]NNname that point to the script /etc/init.d/name, using runlevel and dependency information from the init.d script LSB comment header.
When run with the defaults-disabled option, update-rc.d makes links named /etc/rcrunlevel.d/KNNname that point to the script /etc/init.d/name, using dependency information from the init.d script LSB comment header. This means that the init.d script will be disabled (see below).
If any files named /etc/rcrunlevel.d/[SK]??name already exist then update-rc.d does nothing.  The program was written this way so that it will never change an existing configuration, which may have been customized by the system administrator.  The program will only install links if none are present, i.e., if it appears that the service has never been installed before.
Older versions of update-rc.d also supported start and stop options. These options are no longer supported, and are now equivalent to the defaults option.
A common system administration error is to delete the links with the thought that this will "disable" the service, i.e., that this will prevent the service from being started.  However, if all links have been deleted then the next time the package is upgraded, the package's postinst script will run update-rc.d again and this will reinstall links at their factory default locations.  The correct way to disable services is to configure the service as stopped in all runlevels in which it is started by default.  In the System V init system this means renaming the service's symbolic links from S to K.
The script /etc/init.d/name must exist before update-rc.d is run to create the links.
When invoked with the remove option, update-rc.d removes any links in the /etc/rcrunlevel.d directories to the script /etc/init.d/name.  The script must have been deleted already.  If the script is still present then update-rc.d aborts with an error message.
update-rc.d is usually called from a package's post-removal script when that script is given the purge argument.  Any files in the /etc/rcrunlevel.d directories that are not symbolic links to the script /etc/init.d/name will be left untouched.
When run with the disable [ S|2|3|4|5 ] options, update-rc.d modifies existing runlevel links for the script /etc/init.d/name by renaming start links to stop links with a sequence number equal to the difference of 100 minus the original sequence number.
When run with the enable [ S|2|3|4|5 ] options, update-rc.d modifies existing runlevel links for the script /etc/init.d/name by renaming stop links to start links with a sequence number equal to the positive difference of current sequence number minus 100, thus returning to the original sequence number that the script had been installed with before disabling it.
Both of these options only operate on start runlevel links of S, 2, 3, 4 or 5. If no start runlevel is specified after the disable or enable keywords, the script will attempt to modify links in all start runlevels.
-f     Force removal of symlinks even if /etc/init.d/name still exists.
Insert links using the defaults: update-rc.d foobar defaults
The equivalent dependency header would have start and stop dependencies on $remote_fs and $syslog, and start in runlevels 2-5 and stop in runlevels 0, 1 and 6.
Remove all links for a script (assuming foobar has been deleted already): update-rc.d foobar remove
Example of disabling a service: update-rc.d foobar disable
Example of a command for installing a system initialization-and-shutdown script: update-rc.d foobar defaults
Example of a command for disabling a system initialization-and-shutdown script: update-rc.d foobar disable
See http://bugs.debian.org/sysv-rc and http://bugs.debian.org/init-system-helpers.
/etc/init.d/ The directory containing the actual init scripts.
/etc/rc?.d/ The directories containing the links used by init and managed by update-rc.d .
/etc/init.d/skeleton Model for use by writers of init.d scripts.
Debian Policy Manual, /etc/init.d/skeleton, insserv(8), init(8)
Ian Jackson, Miquel van Smoorenburg
Licence: GNU Public Licence v2 or Later (GPLv2+)
2001 Henrique de Moraes Holschuh
GIT-REPL(1)                        Git Extras                        GIT-REPL(1)
git-repl - git read-eval-print-loop
git-repl
Git read-eval-print-loop. Let´s you run git commands without typing ´git´.
Commands can be prefixed with an exclamation mark (!) to be interpreted as a regular command.
Type exit or quit to end the repl session.
Interpreted as git <command>.
!<command>
Interpreted as <command> (not through git).
Equivalent of ´git ls-files´.
exit|quit
Ends the repl session.
$ git repl git version 2.9.2 git-extras version 3.0.0 type ´ls´ to ls files below current directory, ´!command´ to execute any command or just ´subcommand´ to execute any git subcommand
git (master)> ls-files History.md Makefile Readme.md bin/git-changelog bin/git-count bin/git-delete-branch bin/git-delete-tag bin/git-ignore bin/git-release
git (master)> !echo Straight from the shell! Straight from the shell!
git (master)> quit
Written by Tj Holowaychuk <tj@vision-media.ca>
<https://github.com/tj/git-extras/issues>
<https://github.com/tj/git-extras>
GRADLE(1)                  Gradle Command Line Manual                  GRADLE(1)
gradle - Adaptable, fast automation for all
gradle [option...] [task...]
A detailed guide of the command line interface is provided on Gradle's official website. The project itself does not provide a manpage, therefore maintaining it is error-prone and costly.
The summary of the options is provided below.
-?, -h, --help Shows a help message.
-a, --no-rebuild (deprecated) Do not rebuild project dependencies.
--all Shows additional detail in the task listing. See the documentation section LISTING TASKS.
-b, --build-file Specifies the build file. See the documentation section SELECTING BUILD.
--build-cache (incubating) Enables the Gradle build cache. Gradle will try to reuse outputs from previous builds.
--no-build-cache (incubating) Disables the Gradle build cache.
-c, --settings-file Specifies the settings file.
--console Specifies which type of console output to generate.
Set to plain to generate plain text only. This option disables all color and other rich output in the console output.
Set to auto (the default) to enable color and other rich output in the console output when the build process is attached to a console, or to generate plain text only when not attached to a console.
Set to rich to enable color and other rich output in the console output, regardless of whether the build process is not attached to a console. When not attached to a console, the build output will use ANSI control characters to generate the rich output.
Set to verbose to enable color and other rich output like the rich, but output more detailed message (task name, output, etc.)
--continue Continues task execution after a task failure.
--configure-on-demand (incubating) Only relevant projects are configured in this build run. This means faster builds for large multi-projects. See the documentation section CONFIGURATION ON DEMAND.
--no-configure-on-demand (incubating) Disables the use of configuration on demand.
-D, --system-prop Sets a system property of the JVM, for example -Dmyprop=myvalue. See the documentation section GRADLE PROPERTIES AND SYSTEM PROPERTIES.
-d, --debug Log in debug mode (includes normal stacktrace). See the documentation section LOGGING.
-g, --gradle-user-home Specifies the Gradle user home directory. The default is the .gradle directory in the user's home directory.
--include-build Run the build as a composite, including the specified build. See the documentation section COMPOSITE BUILDS.
-I, --init-script Specifies an initialization script. See the documentation section INIT SCRIPTS.
-i, --info Set log level to info. See the documentation section LOGGING.
-m, --dry-run Runs the build with all task actions disabled. See the documentation section DRY RUN.
--offline Specifies that the build should operate without accessing network resources. See the documentation section CACHE COMMAND LINE OPTIONS.
-P, --project-prop Sets a project property of the root project, for example -Pmyprop=myvalue. See the documentation section GRADLE PROPERTIES AND SYSTEM PROPERTIES.
-p, --project-dir Specifies the start directory for Gradle. Defaults to current directory. See the documentation section SELECTING BUILD.
--parallel (incubating) Build projects in parallel. Gradle will attempt to determine the optimal number of executor threads to use. This option should only be used with decoupled projects (see the documentation section DECOUPLED PROJECTS). For limitations of this option please see the documentation section PARALLEL EXECUTION.
--no-parallel (incubating) Disables parallel execution to build projects.
--max-workers (incubating) Sets the maximum number of workers that Gradle may use. For example --max-workers=3. The default is the number of processors.
--profile Profiles build execution time and generates a report in the buildDir  /reports/profile directory. See the documentation section PROFILING BUILD.
--project-cache-dir Specifies the project-specific cache directory. Default value is .gradle in the root project directory.
-q, --quiet Log errors only. See the documentation section LOGGING.
--recompile-scripts (deprecated) Forces scripts to be recompiled, bypassing caching. This option has been deprecated and is scheduled to be removed Gradle 5.0. You should avoid using it.
--refresh-dependencies Refresh the state of dependencies. See the documentation section CACHE COMMAND LINE OPTIONS.
--rerun-tasks Specifies that any task optimization is ignored.
-S, --full-stacktrace Print out the full (very verbose) stacktrace for any exceptions. See the documentation section LOGGING.
-s, --stacktrace Print out the stacktrace also for user exceptions (e.g. compile error). See the documentation section LOGGING.
--scan (incubating) Creates a build scan. Gradle will auto-apply the build scan plugin with a compatible version. For more information about build scans, please visit <https://gradle.com/build-scans>.
--no-scan (incubating) Disables the creation of a build scan. For more information about build scans, please visit <https://gradle.com/build-scans>.
-t, --continuous (incubating) Enables the documentation section CONTINUOUS BUILD,CONTINUOUS BUILDING - Gradle will automatically re-run when changes are detected.
-u, --no-search-upward Don't search in parent directories for a settings.gradle file.
-v, --version Prints version info.
-w, --warn Set log level to warn. See the documentation section LOGGING
-x, --exclude-task Specifies a task to be excluded from execution. See the documentation section EXCLUDING TASKS FROM THE COMMAND LINE.
The above information is printed to the console when you execute gradle -h.
<https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/command_line_interface.html>
Gradle developers
snap(1)                      General Commands Manual                     snap(1)
snap - Tool to interact with snaps
snap [OPTIONS]
Install, configure, refresh and remove snap packages. Snaps are enabling secure distribution of the latest apps and utilities for cloud, servers, desktops and the internet of things.
This is the CLI for snapd, a background service that takes care of snaps on the system. Start with 'snap list' to see installed snaps.
Application Options --version Print the version and exit
Help Options -h, --help Show this help message
abort Abort a pending change
The abort command attempts to abort a change that still has pending tasks.
ack Adds an assertion to the system
The ack command tries to add an assertion to the system assertion database.
The assertion may also be a newer revision of a preexisting assertion that it will replace.
To succeed the assertion must be valid, its signature verified with a known public key and the assertion consistent with and its prerequisite in the database.
alias Enables the given aliases
The alias command enables the given application aliases defined by the snap.
Once enabled the respective application commands can be invoked just using the aliases.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] alias [alias-OPTIONS]
Enables the given aliases The alias command enables the given application aliases defined by the snap.
--reset Reset the aliases to their default state, enabled for automatic aliases, disabled otherwise
aliases Lists aliases in the system
The aliases command lists all aliases available in the system and their status.
$ snap aliases <snap>
Lists only the aliases defined by the specified snap.
An alias noted as undefined means it was explicitly enabled or disabled but is not defined in the current revision of the snap; possibly temporarely (e.g because of a revert), if not this can be cleared with snap alias --reset.
buy Buys a snap
The buy command buys a snap from the store.
change List a change's tasks
The change command displays a summary of tasks associated to an individual change.
changes List system changes
The changes command displays a summary of the recent system changes performed.
connect Connects a plug to a slot
The connect command connects a plug to a slot.  It may be called in the following ways:
$ snap connect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot>
Connects the provided plug to the given slot.
$ snap connect <snap>:<plug> <snap>
Connects the specific plug to the only slot in the provided snap that matches the connected interface. If more than one potential slot exists, the command fails.
$ snap connect <snap>:<plug>
Connects the provided plug to the slot in the core snap with a name matching the plug name.
disable Disables a snap in the system
The disable command disables a snap. The binaries and services of the snap will no longer be available. But all the data is still available and the snap can easily be enabled again.
disconnect Disconnects a plug from a slot
The disconnect command disconnects a plug from a slot.  It may be called in the following ways:
$ snap disconnect <snap>:<plug> <snap>:<slot>
Disconnects the specific plug from the specific slot.
$ snap disconnect <snap>:<slot or plug>
Disconnects everything from the provided plug or slot.  The snap name may be omitted for the core snap.
download Downloads the given snap
The download command downloads the given snap and its supporting assertions to the current directory under .snap and .assert file extensions, respectively.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] download [download-OPTIONS]
Downloads the given snap The download command downloads the given snap and its supporting assertions to the current directory under .snap and .assert file extensions, respectively.
--channel Use this channel instead of stable
--edge Install from the edge channel
--beta Install from the beta channel
--candidate Install from the candidate channel
--stable Install from the stable channel
--revision Download the given revision of a snap, to which you must have developer access
enable Enables a snap in the system
The enable command enables a snap that was previously disabled.
find Finds packages to install
The find command queries the store for available packages.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] find [find-OPTIONS]
Finds packages to install The find command queries the store for available packages.
--private Search private snaps
--section Restrict the search to a given section
get Prints configuration options
The get command prints configuration options for the provided snap.
$ snap get snap-name username frank
If multiple option names are provided, a document is returned:
$ snap get snap-name username password { "username": "frank", "password": "..." }
Nested values may be retrieved via a dotted path:
$ snap get snap-name author.name frank
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] get [get-OPTIONS]
Prints configuration options The get command prints configuration options for the provided snap.
-t     Strict typing with nulls and quoted strings
-d     Always return document, even with single key
help Help
The help command shows helpful information. Unlike this. ;-)
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] help [help-OPTIONS]
Help The help command shows helpful information. Unlike this. ;-)
--man  Generate the manpage
info show detailed information about a snap
The info command shows detailed information about a snap, be it by name or by path.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] info [info-OPTIONS]
show detailed information about a snap The info command shows detailed information about a snap, be it by name or by path.
--verbose Include a verbose list of a snap's notes (otherwise, summarise notes)
install Installs a snap to the system
The install command installs the named snap in the system.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] install [install-OPTIONS]
Installs a snap to the system The install command installs the named snap in the system.
--devmode Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement
--jailmode Put snap in enforced confinement mode
--classic Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement
--revision Install the given revision of a snap, to which you must have developer access
--dangerous Install the given snap file even if there are no pre-acknowledged signatures for it, meaning it was not verified and could be dangerous (--devmode implies this)
interfaces Lists interfaces in the system
The interfaces command lists interfaces available in the system.
By default all slots and plugs, used and offered by all snaps, are displayed.
$ snap interfaces <snap>:<slot or plug>
Lists only the specified slot or plug.
$ snap interfaces <snap>
Lists the slots offered and plugs used by the specified snap.
$ snap interfaces -i=<interface> [<snap>]
Filters the complete output so only plugs and/or slots matching the provided details are listed.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] interfaces [interfaces-OPTIONS]
Lists interfaces in the system The interfaces command lists interfaces available in the system.
-i     Constrain listing to specific interfaces
known Shows known assertions of the provided type
The known command shows known assertions of the provided type.  If header=value pairs are provided after the assertion type, the assertions shown must also have the specified headers matching the provided values.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] known [known-OPTIONS]
Shows known assertions of the provided type The known command shows known assertions of the provided type.  If header=value pairs are provided after the assertion type, the assertions shown must also have the specified headers matching the provided values.
--remote
list List installed snaps
The list command displays a summary of snaps installed in the current system.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] list [list-OPTIONS]
List installed snaps The list command displays a summary of snaps installed in the current system.
--all  Show all revisions
login Authenticates on snapd and the store
The login command authenticates on snapd and the snap store and saves credentials into the ~/.snap/auth.json file. Further communication with snapd will then be made using those credentials.
Login only works for local users in the sudo, admin or wheel groups.
An account can be setup at https://login.ubuntu.com
logout Log out of the store
This command logs the current user out of the store
refresh Refreshes a snap in the system
The refresh command refreshes (updates) the named snap.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] refresh [refresh-OPTIONS]
Refreshes a snap in the system The refresh command refreshes (updates) the named snap.
--revision Refresh to the given revision
--list Show available snaps for refresh
--ignore-validation Ignore validation by other snaps blocking the refresh
remove Removes a snap from the system
The remove command removes the named snap from the system.
By default all the snap revisions are removed, including their data and the common data directory. When a --revision option is passed only the specified revision is removed.
Usage: snap [OPTIONS] remove [remove-OPTIONS]
Removes a snap from the system The remove command removes the named snap from the system.
--revision Remove only the given revision
revert Reverts the given snap to the previous state