neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
If an error occurs during any of the above steps (except the first), qmv/qcp drops the user into the interactive mode. This way no changes should be lost, and errors can be corrected manually before continuing. See below for a description of the interactive mode.
These programs follow the usual GNU command line syntax, with long options starting with two dashes (`-').
-a, --all (Passed to ls.) Do not hide entries starting with `.'.
-A, --almost-all (Passed to ls.) Do not list implied `.' and `..'.
-B, --ignore-backups (Passed to ls.) Do not list implied entries ending with `~'.
-c     (Passed to ls.) Sort by ctime (time of last modification).
--command=COMMAND Execute COMMAND instead of mv or cp.
-d, --directory (Passed to ls.) List directory entires instead of contents.
-r, --reverse (Passed to ls.) Reverse order while sorting.
-R, --recursive (Passed to ls.) List subdirectories recursively.
-S     (Passed to ls.) Sort by file size.
--sort=WORD (Passed to ls.) Sort by extension (-X), none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), status (-c), time (-t), atime (-u), or access (-u).
--time=WORD (Passed to ls.) If sorting is done by time (--sort=time), sort by atime, access, use, ctime or status time.
-t     (Passed to ls.) Sort by modification time.
-u     (Passed to ls.) Sort by access time.
-U     (Passed to ls.) Do not sort; list entries in directory order.
-X     (Passed to ls.) Sort alphabetically by entry extension.
-f, --format=FORMAT Change edit format of text file. See below for possible values.
-o, --options=OPTIONS Pass options to the selected edit format. OPTIONS is in the format
OPTION[=VALUE][,OPTION[=VALUE]...]
For a list of available options for each format, use --options=help or see below.
-i, --interactive Start in command mode (see below for information on this mode).
-e, --editor=PROGRAM Specify program to edit text file with. The default program is determined by looking at the VISUAL environment variable, or if that is not set, the EDITOR environment variable. If that is not set either, use the program called editor.
--ls=PROGRAM Specify path of the ls program. If you omit the directory, the executable will be searched for in the directories specified by the PATH environment variable.
-v, --verbose Be more verbose about what is being done.
--dummy Do everything as usually, except actually renaming any files ("dummy" mode).
--help Show summary of options.
An edit format is responsible for generating a text file for editing, and parsing it once it has been edited. The default format is dual-column, but there are other formats as well.
Not all edit formats take the same options. Therefore, it is necessary to specify them using the --options (-o) option. This option takes a list of "suboptions" similar to the -o option in mount(8).
Available edit formats are `single-column' (or `sc'), `dual-column' (or `dc'), and `destination-only' (or `do'). The default format is dual- column.
DUAL-COLUMN FORMAT The dual-column format (`dual-column' or `dc') displays files in two columns. This is the default and recommended format.  The leftmost column is usually the source file name (which should not be edited), and the rightmost column the destination file name.
Supported options:
swap   Swap location of old and new names when editing. I.e. the leftmost column is now the destination file name, and the rightmost the source file name.
separate Put a blank line between all renames.
tabsize=SIZE By default, tab characters of size 8 are used to separate the columns.  With this option the width of these tab characters can be changed.
spaces Use space characters instead of tab characters when indenting.
width=WIDTH This option specifies the character position (horizontally) which the second file name starts at.
autowidth Normally, if the source file name is longer than width characters, the destination name is printed on the next line instead.  With this option enabled however, qmv/qcp will adjust the width so that source and destination file names can be displayed on one line.
If a width has been specified with width prior to autowidth, that width will be used as a minimum width.
Example: Assume that width=10,autowidth is specified. Even if all source file names are shorter than five characters, the split width would be 10. If there had been one file name longer than 10 characters, the final width would have been more than 10 characters.
This option is enabled by default.
indicator1=TEXT Text to put before the first file name (column).
indicator2=TEXT Text to put before the second file name (column).
help   Show summary of edit format options.
SINGLE-COLUMN FORMAT The single-column format (`single-column' or `sc') displays files in a single column - first source file name and on the next line the destination file name.
swap   Swap location of old and new names when editing. I.e. the first line will contain the destination file name, and the next line the source file name.
indicator1=TEXT Text to put before the first file name.
indicator2=TEXT Text to put before the second file name.
DESTINATION-ONLY FORMAT The destination-only format (`destination-only' or `do') displays files only the destination file name, one on each line. This format is generally not recommended, since the only way to identify source file name is by looking at the line number. But it may be useful with some text editors.
separate Put a blank line between all renames (file names).
In interactive mode qmv/qcp reads commands from the keyboard, parses them, and executes them. This is done using GNU readline.
ls, list [OPTIONS].. [FILES].. Select files to rename. If no files are specified, select all files in current directory. The accepted options are those which are passed to ls(1). Use `help ls' to display a list of these.
import FILE Read files to rename from a text file. Each line should correspond to an existing file to rename.
ed, edit Edit renames in a text editor. If this command has been run before, and not `all' is specified, only edit renames with errors.
plan   Display the current rename-plan. (This plan is created after `edit'.)
apply  Apply the current plan, i.e. rename files. Only those files marked as OK in the plan will be renamed.
retry  If some rename failed earlier during `apply', this command will try those renames again.
show   Display the value of the specified configuration variable, or all variables if none specified. See below for a list of configuration variables.
set VARIABLE VALUE Set the value of a configuration variable.
exit, quit Exit the program. If there are unapplied changes, the user will be notified so, and it will be necessary to run this command an extra time to exit the program.
help [ls|usage] If `ls' is specified, display list options. If `usage' is specified, display accepted command line options. Otherwise display help on commands in interactive mode.
version Display version information.
The following variables are available in interactive mode:
dummy BOOLEAN
editor STRING
format STRING
options STRING These variables corresponds to the options with the same name.
tempfile STRING This variable contains the name of the temporary file which is edited with `edit'. It cannot be set; only be read with `show'.
A boolean value is specified as `0', `false', `no', `off' or `1', `true', `yes', and `on'. Strings are specified without quotes.
Edit names of files in current directory. qmv
Edit names of files with extension `.c'. Sort files by modification time. qmv -t *.c
Edit names of files using the nedit editor and with column width 100. qmv -enedit -owidth=100
Report bugs to <oskar@osk.mine.nu>.
The author of renameutils and this manual page is Oskar Liljeblad <oskar@osk.mine.nu>.
Copyright Â© 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2011 Oskar Liljeblad
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
MAKEPKG(8)                        Pacman Manual                       MAKEPKG(8)
makepkg - package build utility
makepkg [options] [ENVVAR=value] [ENVVAR+=value] ...
makepkg is a script to automate the building of packages. The requirements for using the script are a build-capable *nix platform and a custom build script for each package you wish to build (known as a PKGBUILD). See PKGBUILD(5) for details on creating your own build scripts.
The advantage to a script-based build is that the work is only done once. Once you have the build script for a package, makepkg will do the rest: download and validate source files, check dependencies, configure the build-time settings, build the package, install the package into a temporary root, make customizations, generate meta-info, and package the whole thing up for pacman to use.
Note makepkg uses your current locale by default and does not unset it when building packages. If you wish to share your build output with others when seeking help or for other purposes, you may wish to run "LC_ALL=C makepkg" so your logs and output are not localized.
-A, --ignorearch Ignore a missing or incomplete arch field in the build script. This is for rebuilding packages from source when the PKGBUILD may be slightly outdated and not updated with an arch=('yourarch') field.
-c, --clean Clean up leftover work files and directories after a successful build.
--config <file> Use an alternate configuration file instead of the /etc/makepkg.conf default.
-d, --nodeps Do not perform any dependency checks. This will let you override and ignore any dependencies required. There is a good chance this option will break the build process if all of the dependencies are not installed.
-e, --noextract Do not extract source files or run the prepare() function (if present); use whatever source already exists in the $srcdir/ directory. This is handy if you want to go into $srcdir/ and manually patch or tweak code, then make a package out of the result. Keep in mind that creating a patch may be a better solution to allow others to use your PKGBUILD.
--verifysource For each source file in the source array of PKGBUILD, download the file if required and perform the integrity checks. No extraction or build is performed. Dependencies specified in the PKGBUILD will not be handled unless --syncdeps is used. Useful for performing subsequent offline builds.
-f, --force makepkg will not build a package if a built package already exists in the PKGDEST (set in makepkg.conf(5)) directory, which may default to the current directory. This allows the built package to be overwritten.
-g, --geninteg For each source file in the source array of PKGBUILD, download the file if required and generate integrity checks. The integrity checks generated are determined by the checks present in the PKGBUILD, falling back to the value of the INTEGRITY_CHECK array in makepkg.conf(5) if these are absent This output can be redirected into your PKGBUILD for source validation using "makepkg -g >> PKGBUILD".
--skipinteg Do not perform any integrity checks (checksum and PGP) on source files.
--skipchecksums Do not verify checksums of source files.
--skippgpcheck Do not verify PGP signatures of source files.
-h, --help Output syntax and command line options.
--holdver When using VCS sources (PKGBUILD(5)) any currently checked out source will not be updated to the latest revision.
-i, --install Install or upgrade the package after a successful build using pacman(8).
-L, --log Enable logging. This will use the tee program to send the output of each of the PKGBUILD functions to both the console and to a text file in the build directory named pkgbase-pkgver-pkgrel-arch-<function>.log. As mentioned above, the logs will be localized so you may want to set your locale accordingly if sharing the log output with others.
-m, --nocolor Disable color in output messages.
-o, --nobuild Download and extract files, run the prepare() function, but do not build them. Useful with the --noextract option if you wish to tweak the files in $srcdir/ before building.
-p <buildscript> Read the package script buildscript instead of the PKGBUILD default; see PKGBUILD(5). The buildscript must be located in the directory makepkg is called from.
-r, --rmdeps Upon successful build, remove any dependencies installed by makepkg during dependency auto-resolution and installation when using -s.
-R, --repackage Repackage contents of the package without rebuilding the package. This is useful if you forgot, for example, a dependency or install file in your PKGBUILD and the build itself will not change.
-s, --syncdeps Install missing dependencies using pacman. When build-time or run-time dependencies are not found, pacman will try to resolve them. If successful, the missing packages will be downloaded and installed.
-S, --source Do not actually build the package, but build a source-only tarball that does not include sources that can be fetched via a download URL. This is useful for passing a single tarball to another program such as a chroot, remote builder, or a tarball upload. Because integrity checks are verified, all source files of the package need to be present or downloadable.
-V, --version Display version information.
-C, --cleanbuild Remove the $srcdir before building the package.
--allsource Do not actually build the package, but build a source-only tarball that includes all sources, including those that are normally downloaded via makepkg. This is useful for passing a single tarball to another program such as a chroot or remote builder. It will also satisfy requirements of the GPL when distributing binary packages.
--check Run the check() function in the PKGBUILD, overriding the setting in makepkg.conf(5).
--noarchive Do not create the archive at the end of the build process. This can be useful to test the package() function or if your target distribution does not use pacman.
--nocheck Do not run the check() function in the PKGBUILD or handle the checkdepends.
--noprepare Do not run the prepare() function in the PKGBUILD.
--sign Sign the resulting package with gpg, overriding the setting in makepkg.conf(5).
--nosign Do not create a signature for the built package.
--key <key> Specify a key to use when signing packages, overriding the GPGKEY setting in makepkg.conf(5). If not specified in either location, the default key from the keyring will be used.
--noconfirm (Passed to pacman) Prevent pacman from waiting for user input before proceeding with operations.
--needed (Passed to pacman) Tell pacman not to reinstall a target if it is already up-to-date. (used with -i / --install).
--asdeps (Passed to pacman) Install packages as non-explicitly installed (used with -i / --install).
--noprogressbar (Passed to pacman) Prevent pacman from displaying a progress bar; useful if you are redirecting makepkg output to file.
--packagelist List the package filenames that would be produced without building. Listed package filenames include PKGDEST and PKGEXT.
--printsrcinfo Generate and print the SRCINFO file to stdout.
makepkg supports building development versions of packages without having to manually update the pkgver in the PKGBUILD. This was formerly done using the separate utility versionpkg. See PKGBUILD(5) for details on how to set up a development PKGBUILD.
makepkg is designed to be compatible with Reproducible Builds. If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, it will be exported to subprocesses, and source and package file modification times and package metadata will be unified based on the timestamp specified.
If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is not set, makepkg will use its own start date for internal use, but will not unify source file timestamps before building.
PACMAN The command that will be used to check for missing dependencies and to install and remove packages. Pacman’s -Qq, -Rns, -S, -T, and -U operations must be supported by this command. If the variable is not set or empty, makepkg will fall back to ‘pacman’.
MAKEPKG_CONF="/path/to/file" Use an alternate config file instead of the /etc/makepkg.conf default.
PKGDEST="/path/to/directory" Directory where the resulting packages will be stored. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
SRCDEST="/path/to/directory" Directory where the downloaded sources will be stored. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
SRCPKGDEST="/path/to/directory" Directory where source package files will be stored. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
LOGDEST="/path/to/directory" Directory where generated log files will be stored. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
PACKAGER="John Doe <john@doe.com>" String to identify the creator of the resulting package. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
BUILDDIR="/path/to/directory" Directory where the package will be built. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
CARCH="(i686|x86_64)" Force build for a specific architecture. Useful for cross-compiling. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
PKGEXT=".pkg.tar.gz", SRCEXT=".src.tar.gz" Sets the compression used when making compiled or source packages. Overrides the corresponding value defined in makepkg.conf(5).
GNUPGHOME="/path/to/directory" Directory where the gpg keyring for signing the built package is stored.
GPGKEY="keyid" Specify a key to use when signing packages, overriding the GPGKEY setting in makepkg.conf(5).
SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="<date>" Used for Reproducible Builds.
BUILDTOOL="<name>" The name of a tool ecosystem used to set up the build environment. Used for defining a spec for reproducible builds, e.g. the makepkg.conf(5) used.
BUILDTOOLVER="<version>" The version of the $BUILDTOOL used.
See makepkg.conf(5) for more details on configuring makepkg using the makepkg.conf file.
On exit, makepkg will return one of the following error codes.
0 Normal exit condition.
1 Unknown cause of failure.
2 Error in configuration file.
3 User specified an invalid option.
4 Error in user-supplied function in PKGBUILD.
5 Failed to create a viable package.
6 A source or auxiliary file specified in the PKGBUILD is missing.
7 The PKGDIR is missing.
8 Failed to install dependencies.
9 Failed to remove dependencies.
10 User attempted to run makepkg as root.
11 User lacks permissions to build or install to a given location.
12 Error parsing PKGBUILD.
13 A package has already been built.
14 The package failed to install.
15 Programs necessary to run makepkg are missing.
16 Specified GPG key does not exist or failed to sign package.
makepkg.conf(5), PKGBUILD(5), pacman(8)
APM(4)                      Kernel Interfaces Manual                      APM(4)
apm - Alliance ProMotion video driver
Section "Device" Identifier "devname" Driver "apm" ... EndSection
apm is an Xorg driver for Alliance ProMotion video cards. The driver is accelerated for supported hardware/depth combination. It supports framebuffer depths of 8, 15, 16, 24 and 32 bits. For 6420, 6422, AT24, AT3D and AT25, all depths are fully accelerated except 24 bpp for which only screen to screen copy and rectangle filling is accelerated.
The apm driver supports PCI and ISA video cards on the following Alliance ProMotion chipsets
ProMotion 6420
ProMotion 6422
AT24
AT3D
AT25
Please refer to xorg.conf(5) for general configuration details.  This section only covers configuration details specific to this driver.
The driver auto-detects the chipset type, but the following ChipSet names may optionally be specified in the config file "Device" section, and will override the auto-detection:
"6422", "at24", "at3d".
The AT25 is Chipset "at3d" and the 6420 is 6422.
The driver will auto-detect the amount of video memory present for all chips. The actual amount of video memory can also be specified with a VideoRam entry in the config file "Device" section.
The following driver Options are supported:
Option "HWCursor" "boolean" Enable or disable the hardware cursor.  Default: on.
Option "NoAccel" "boolean" Disable or enable acceleration.  Default: acceleration is enabled.
Option "PciRetry" "boolean" Enable or disable PCI retries.  Default: off.
Option "Remap_DPMS_On" "string"
Option "Remap_DPMS_Standby" "string"
Option "Remap_DPMS_Suspend" "string"
Option "Remap_DPMS_Off" "string" Remaps the corresponding DPMS events. I've found that my Hercules 128/3D swaps Off and Suspend events. You can correct that with Option "Remap_DPMS_Suspend" "Off" Option "Remap_DPMS_Off" "Suspend" in the Device section of the config file.
Option "SWCursor" "boolean" Force the software cursor.  Default: off.
Option "ShadowFB" "boolean" Enable or disable use of the shadow framebuffer layer. Default: off.
Xorg(1), xorg.conf(5), Xserver(1), X(7)
Authors include: ...
montage(1)                   General Commands Manual                  montage(1)
montage - creates a composite image by combining several separate images
montage [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...] output_file
montage creates a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile.
The composite image is constructed in the following manner.  First, each image specified on the command line, except for the last, is scaled to fit the maximum tile size.  The maximum tile size by default is 120x120. It can be modified with the -geometry command line argument or X resource.  See OPTIONS for more information on command line arguments. See X(1) for more information on X resources.  Note that the maximum tile size need not be a square.  To respect the aspect ratio of each image append ~ to the geometry specification.
Next the composite image is initialized with the color specified by the -background command line argument or X resource.  The width and height of the composite image is determined by the title specified, the maximum tile size, the number of tiles per row, the tile border width and height, the image border width, and the label height.  The number of tiles per row specifies how many images are to appear in each row of the composite image.  The default is to have 5 tiles in each row and 4 tiles in each column of the composite.  A specific value is specified with -tile.  The tile border width and height, and the image border width defaults to the value of the X resource -borderwidth.  It can be changed with the -borderwidth or -geometry command line argument or X resource.  The label height is determined by the font you specify with the -font command line argument or X resource.  If you do not specify a font, a font is chosen that allows the name of the image to fit the maximum width of a tiled area.  The label colors is determined by the -background and -foreground command line argument or X resource.  Note, that if the background and foreground colors are the same, labels will not appear.
Initially, the composite image title is placed at the top if one is specified (refer to -foreground X resource).  Next, each image is set onto the composite image, surrounded by its border color, with its name centered just below it.  The individual images are left-justified within the width of the tiled area.  The order of the images is the same as they appear on the command line unless the images have a scene keyword.  If a scene number is specified in each image, then the images are tiled onto the composite in the order of their scene number.  Finally, the last argument on the command line is the name assigned to the composite image. By default, the image is written in the MIFF format and can be viewed or printed with display(1).
Note, that if the number of tiles exceeds the default number of 20 (5 per row, 4 per column), more than one composite image is created. To ensure a single image is produced, use -tile to increase the number of tiles to meet or exceed the number of input images.
Finally, Finally, to create one or more empty spaces in the sequence of tiles, use the NULL image format.
To create a montage of a cockatoo, a parrot, and a hummingbird and write it to a file called birds, use:
montage cockatoo.miff parrot.miff hummingbird.miff birds.miff
To tile several bird images so that they are at most 256 pixels in width and 192 pixels in height, surrounded by a red border, and separated by 10 pixels of background color, use:
montage -geometry 256x192+10+10 -bordercolor red birds.* montage.miff
To create an unlabeled parrot image, 640 by 480 pixels, and surrounded by a border of black, use:
montage -geometry 640x480 -bordercolor black -label "" parrot.miff bird.miff
To create an image of an eagle with a textured background, use:
montage -texture bumps.jpg eagle.jpg eagle.png
To join several GIF images together without any extraneous graphics (e.g. no label, no shadowing, no surrounding tile frame), use: montage +frame +shadow +label -geometry 50x50+0+0 -tile 5x1 *.gif joined.gif
-adjoin join images into a single multi-image file.
-colors value preferred number of colors in the image.
The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more.  Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will remain unchanged.  Refer to quantize(9) for more details.
Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth affect the color reduction algorithm.
-colorspace value the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, Transparent, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space.  These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image.  Refer to quantize(9) for more details.
The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to take effect.
-comment string annotate an image with a comment.
By default, each image is commented with its file name.  Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image.  Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number by embedding special format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene number, %b for file size in kilobytes, or \n for newline.  For example,
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
-compose operator the type of image composition.
By default, each of the composite image pixels are replaced by the corresponding image tile pixel. You can choose an alternate composite operation:
over in out atop xor plus minus add subtract difference bumpmap replace
The operations behaves as follows:
over     The result will be the union of the two image shapes, with composite image obscuring image in the region of overlap.
in       The result is simply composite image cut by the shape of composite image window.  None of the image data of image will be in the result.
out      The resulting image is composite image with the shape of image cut out.
atop     The result is the same shape as image image, with composite image obscuring image where the image shapes overlap.  Note this differs from over because the portion of composite image outside image's shape does not appear in the result.
xor      The result is the image data from both composite image and image that is outside the overlap region.  The overlap region will be blank.
plus     The result is just the sum of the image data.  Output values are cropped to 255 (no overflow).  This operation is independent of the matte channels.
minus    The result of composite image - image, with underflow cropped to zero.  The matte channel is ignored (set to 255, full coverage).
add      The result of composite image + image, with overflow wrapping around (mod 256).
subtract The result of composite image - image, with underflow wrapping around (mod 256).  The add and subtract operators can be used to perform reversible transformations.
difference The result of abs(composite image - image).  This is useful for comparing two very similar images.
bumpmap  The result of image shaded by composite image.
replace  The resulting image is image replaced with composite image. Here the matte information is ignored.
The image compositor requires an matte, or alpha channel in the image for some operations.  This extra channel usually defines a mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image.  This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for pixels inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and 255 on the boundary.  If image does not have an matte channel, it is initialized with 0 for any pixel matching in color to pixel location (0,0), otherwise 255 (to work properly borderwidth must be 0).
-compress type the type of image compression: Zlib or RunlengthEncoded.
This option specifies the type of image compression for the composite image.  See miff(5) for details.
Specify +compress to store the binary image in an uncompressed format.  The default is the compression type of the specified image file.
-crop <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset> preferred size and location of the cropped image.  See X(1) for details about the geometry specification.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %.  For example to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the image, use -crop 10%.
Use cropping to tile only a particular area of an image.  Use -crop 0x0 to remove edges that are the background color.
The equivalent X resource for this option is cropGeometry (class CropGeometry).  See X RESOURCES for details.
-density <width>x<height> vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.
This option specifies an image density when decoding a Postscript or Portable Document page.  The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction.
-display host:display[.screen] specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
Specify +display if an X server is not available.  The label font is obtained from the X server.  If none is available, the composite image will not have labels. Since the X server is necessary to read X resources, all options must be set via the command line when +display is specified.
-dispose method GIF disposal method.
Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) Specification 89a of July 31, 1990 for details.
-dither apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels.  Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be improved with this option.
-draw string annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.
Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.  The primitives include
rectangle circle polygon color matte text image
Rectangle, color, matte, text, and image require an upper left and lower right coordinate.  Circle requires the center coordinate and a coordinate on the outer edge.  Finally, polygon requires three or more coordinates defining its boundaries.  Coordinates are integers separated by an optional comma.  For example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:
-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
Use color to change the color of a pixel.  Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:
point replace floodfill reset
Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The point method recolors the target pixel.  The replace method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. Floodfill recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor.  Finally, reset recolors all pixels.
Use matte to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the color primitive for a description of methods).  The point method changes the matte value of the target pixel.  The replace method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. Floodfill changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. Finally reset changes the matte value of all pixels.
Use text to annotate an image with text.  Follow the text coordinates with a string.  If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in double quotes.  Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number by embedding special format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene number, %b for file size in kilobytes, or \n for newline.  For example,
-draw 'text 100,100 "%m:%f %wx%h"'
annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of the string is @, the text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
Use image to composite an image with another image.  Follow the image coordinates with the filename of an image.
If the first character of string is @, the text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
You can set the primitive color, font color, and font bounding box color with -pen, -font, and -box respectively.  Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use -pen before the -draw option.
-font name use this font when annotating the image with text.
Convert contacts an X server to obtain the font.  If an X server is not available, a Postscript font is used.  You can set the pointsize with -pointsize.
-frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width> surround the image with an ornamental border.  See X(1) for details about the geometry specification.
The color of the border is specified with the -mattecolor command line option.  If no frame is desired, use +frame.
-gamma value level of gamma correction.
The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor.  Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference.  Reasonable values extend from 0.8 to 2.3.
You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delineated with slashes (i.e. 1.7/2.3/1.2).
-geometry <width>x<height>+<border width>+<border height>{!}{<}{>} preferred tile and border size of each tile of the composite image.
By default, the width and height are maximum values.  That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image.  Append an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you specify.  For example, if you specify 640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If only one factor is specified, both the width and height assume the value.
Use > to change the dimensions of the image only if its size exceeds the geometry specification.  < resizes the image only if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification.  For example, if you specify 640x480> and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not change.  However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.
Each image is surrounded by a border whose size in pixels is specified as <border width> and <border height> and whose color is the background color.  By default, the tile size is 256x256 and there is no border.
The equivalent X resource for this option is imageGeometry (class ImageGeometry).  See X RESOURCES for details.
-gravity direction direction image gravitates to within a tile.  See X(1) for details about the gravity specification.
A tile of the composite image is a fixed width and height. However, the image within the tile may not fill it completely (see -geometry).  The direction you choose specifies where to position the image within the tile.  For example Center gravity forces the image to be centered within the tile.  By default, the image gravity is Center.
-interlace type the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane, or Partition. The default is Plane.
This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.  None means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).  Partition is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g.  image.R, image.G, and image.B).
Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or progressive JPEG image.
-label name assign a label to an image.
By default, each image is labeled with its file name.  Use this option to assign a specific label to the image.  Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number in the label by embedding special format characters. Embed %f for filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene number, %b for file size in kilobytes, or \n for newline.  For example, -label "%m:%f %wx%h" produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
-matte store matte channel if the image has one.
-mode type the type of montage: Frame, Unframe, Concatentate.  The default is Frame.
This option is for convenience.  You can obtain the desired result by setting individual options (e.g. Unframe is equivalent to +frame +shadow +borderwidth).
-monochrome transform the image to black and white.
-page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset> preferred size and location of the Postscript page.
Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page in pixels per inch or a TEXT page in pixels.  The default for a Postscript page is to center the image on a letter page 612 by 792 pixels. The margins are 1/2" (i.e.  612x792+42+42).  Other common sizes are:
Letter      612x 792 Tabloid     792x1224 Ledger     1224x 792 Legal       612x1008 Statement   396x 612 Executive   540x 720 A3          842x1190 A4          595x 842 A5          420x 595 B4          729x1032 B5          516x 729 Folio       612x 936 Quarto      610x 780 10x14       720x1008
For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g.  A4, Ledger, etc.).
To place a Postscript image with a given size on a given location on a page, use -page +HOFFSET+VOFFSET -geometry WIDTHxHEIGHT (fill in numbers). Note: this is only for generating Postscript, not Encapsulated Postscript.
To position a GIF image, use -page +LEFT+TOP (e.g. -page +100+200).
The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.
-pointsize value pointsize of the Postscript font.
-quality value JPEG quality setting.
Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default is 75.
-rotate degrees{<}{>} apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
Use > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height.  < rotates the image only if its width is less than the height.  For example, if you specify -90> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle.  However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees.
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class borderColor).
-scene value image scene number.
-shadow add a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depth.
-size <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+offset}{!} width and height of the image.
Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK.  In addition to width and height, use -size to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).
-texture filename name of texture to tile onto the image background.
-tile <width>x<height> specifies how many tiles are to appear in each row and column of the composite image.
Specify the number of tiles per row with width and tiles per column with height.  For example if you want 1 tile in each row and a maximum of 10 tiles in the composite image, use -tile 1x10. The default is to have 5 tiles in each row and 4 tiles in each column of the composite.
-transparency color make this color transparent within the image.
-treedepth value Normally, this integer value is zero or one.  A zero or one tells montage to choose a optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.
An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.  However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images.  To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter.  Refer to quantize(9) for more details.
-verbose print detailed information about the image.
This information is printed: image scene number;  image name; image size; the image class (DirectClass or PseudoClass);  the total number of unique colors;  and the number of seconds to read and write the image.
In addition to those listed above, you can specify these standard X resources as command line options:  -background, -bordercolor, -borderwidth, -font, -foreground, -mattecolor, or -title.  See X RESOURCES for details.
Options are processed in command line order.  Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect.  For example, to montage two images, the first with 32 colors and the second with only 16 colors, use:
montage -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2 cockatoo.miff
Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.  For example, specify +dither to not apply error diffusion to an image.
By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of valid image formats.
When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special meaning. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root.  If no filename is specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.
Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for standard output.  If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively.  If output_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file size is compressed using with compress or gzip respectively.  Finally, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command.
Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]).  A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,4,7]).  For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g.  -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).
Single images are written with the filename you specify.  However, multi- part images (e.g. a multi-page Postscript document with +adjoin specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and the scene number.  You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format specification in the file name.  For example, image%02d.miff montages files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.
Note, a composite MIFF image displayed to an X server with display behaves differently than other images.  You can think of the composite as a visual image directory.  Choose a particular tile of the composite and press a button to display it.  See display(1) and miff(5) for details.
montage options can appear on the command line or in your X resource file.  Options on the command line supersede values specified in your X resource file.  See X(1) for more information on X resources.
All montage options have a corresponding X resource.  In addition, montage uses the following X resources:
background (class Background) Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image background.  The default is #ccc.
borderColor (class BorderColor) Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image border.  The default is #ccc.
borderWidth (class BorderWidth) Specifies the width in pixels of the composite image border.  The default is 2.
font (class Font) Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when displaying text within the composite image.  The default is 9x15, fixed, or 5x8 determined by the composite image size.
foreground (class Foreground) Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the composite image.  The default is black.
matteColor (class MatteColor) Specify the color of an image frame.  A 3D  effect  is achieved by using highlight and shadow colors derived from this color.  The default value is #ccc.
title (class Title) This resource specifies the title to be placed at the top of the composite image.  The default is not to place a title at the top of the composite image.
display To get the default host, display number, and screen.
display(1), animate(1), import(1), mogrify(1), convert(1), combine(1), xtp(1)
Copyright 1997 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all warranties with regard to this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics a reality.
Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.
David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for providing a computing environment that made this program possible.
Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the original idea of using space subdivision for the color reduction algorithm.
John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Incorporated
WALL(1)                           User Commands                          WALL(1)
wall - write a message to all users
wall [-n] [-t timeout] [-g group] [message | file]
wall displays a message, or the contents of a file, or otherwise its standard input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users. The command will wrap lines that are longer than 79 characters. Short lines are whitespace padded to have 79 characters. The command will always put a carriage return and new line at the end of each line.
Only the superuser can write on the terminals of users who have chosen to deny messages or are using a program which automatically denies messages.
Reading from a file is refused when the invoker is not superuser and the program is set-user-ID or set-group-ID.
-n, --nobanner Suppress the banner.
-t, --timeout timeout Abandon the write attempt to the terminals after timeout seconds. This timeout must be a positive integer. The default value is 300 seconds, which is a legacy from the time when people ran terminals over modem lines.
-g, --group group Limit printing message to members of group defined as a group argument. The argument can be group name or GID.
Some sessions, such as wdm(1x), that have in the beginning of utmp(5) ut_type data a ':' character will not get the message from wall. This is done to avoid write errors.
A wall command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
mesg(1), talk(1), write(1), shutdown(8)
The wall command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
CHCPU(8)                      System Administration                     CHCPU(8)
chcpu - configure CPUs