neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
git-bugreport - Collect information for user to file a bug report
git bugreport [(-o | --output-directory) <path>] [(-s | --suffix) <format>]
Captures information about the user’s machine, Git client, and repository state, as well as a form requesting information about the behavior the user observed, into a single text file which the user can then share, for example to the Git mailing list, in order to report an observed bug.
The following information is requested from the user:
•   Reproduction steps
•   Expected behavior
•   Actual behavior
The following information is captured automatically:
•   git version --build-options
•   uname sysname, release, version, and machine strings
•   Compiler-specific info string
•   A list of enabled hooks
•   $SHELL
This tool is invoked via the typical Git setup process, which means that in some cases, it might not be able to launch - for example, if a relevant config file is unreadable. In this kind of scenario, it may be helpful to manually gather the kind of information listed above when manually asking for help.
-o <path>, --output-directory <path> Place the resulting bug report file in <path> instead of the current directory.
-s <format>, --suffix <format> Specify an alternate suffix for the bugreport name, to create a file named git-bugreport-<formatted suffix>. This should take the form of a strftime(3) format string; the current local time will be used.
sensors(1)                     Linux User's Manual                    sensors(1)
sensors - print sensors information
sensors [ options ] [ chips ] sensors -s [ chips ] sensors --bus-list
sensors is used to show the current readings of all sensor chips. sensors -s is used to set all limits as specified in the configuration file. sensors --bus-list is used to generate bus statements suitable for the configuration file.
-c, --config-file config-file Specify a configuration file. If no file is specified, the libsensors default configuration file is used. Use `-c /dev/null' to temporarily disable this default configuration file.
-h, --help Print a help text and exit.
-s, --set Evaluate all `set' statements in the configuration file and exit. You must be `root' to do this. If this parameter is not specified, no `set' statement is evaluated.
-A, --no-adapter Do not show the adapter for each chip.
-u     Raw output. This mode is suitable for debugging and for post- processing of the output by scripts. It is also useful when writing a configuration file because it shows the raw input names which must be referenced in the configuration file.
-j     Json output. This mode is suitable for post-processing of the output by scripts.
-v, --version Print the program version and exit.
-f, --fahrenheit Print the temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius.
--bus-list Generate bus statements suitable for using in sensors.conf. Such bus statements are only needed if you have several chips sharing the same address on different buses of the same type. As bus numbers are usually not guaranteed to be stable over reboots, these statements let you refer to each bus by its name rather than numbers.
/etc/sensors3.conf /etc/sensors.conf The system wide configuration file. See sensors.conf(5) for further details.
sensors.conf(5), sensors-detect(8).
Frodo Looijaard and the lm_sensors group https://hwmon.wiki.kernel.org/lm_sensors
DSTAT(1)                                                                DSTAT(1)
dstat - versatile tool for generating system resource statistics
dstat [-afv] [options..] [delay [count]]
Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of the limitations and adds some extra features.
Dstat allows you to view all of your system resources instantly, you can eg. compare disk usage in combination with interrupts from your IDE controller, or compare the network bandwidth numbers directly with the disk throughput (in the same interval).
Dstat also cleverly gives you the most detailed information in columns and clearly indicates in what magnitude and unit the output is displayed. Less confusion, less mistakes, more efficient.
Dstat is unique in letting you aggregate block device throughput for a certain diskset or network bandwidth for a group of interfaces, ie. you can see the throughput for all the block devices that make up a single filesystem or storage system.
Dstat allows its data to be directly written to a CSV file to be imported and used by OpenOffice, Gnumeric or Excel to create graphs.
Note Users of Sleuthkit might find Sleuthkit’s dstat being renamed to datastat to avoid a name conflict. See Debian bug #283709 for more information.
-c, --cpu enable cpu stats (system, user, idle, wait), for more CPU related stats also see --cpu-adv and --cpu-use
-C 0,3,total include cpu0, cpu3 and total (when using -c/--cpu); use all to show all CPUs
-d, --disk enable disk stats (read, write), for more disk related stats look into the other --disk plugins
-D total,hda include total and hda (when using -d/--disk)
-g, --page enable page stats (page in, page out)
-i, --int enable interrupt stats
-I 5,10 include interrupt 5 and 10 (when using -i/--int)
-l, --load enable load average stats (1 min, 5 mins, 15mins)
-m, --mem enable memory stats (used, buffers, cache, free); for more memory related stats also try --mem-adv and --swap
-n, --net enable network stats (receive, send)
-N eth1,total include eth1 and total (when using -n/--net)
-p, --proc enable process stats (runnable, uninterruptible, new)
-r, --io enable I/O request stats (read, write requests)
-s, --swap enable swap stats (used, free)
-S swap1,total include swap1 and total (when using -s/--swap)
-t, --time enable time/date output
-T, --epoch enable time counter (seconds since epoch)
-y, --sys enable system stats (interrupts, context switches)
--aio enable aio stats (asynchronous I/O)
--cpu-adv enable advanced cpu stats
--cpu-use enable only cpu usage stats
--fs, --filesystem enable filesystem stats (open files, inodes)
--ipc enable ipc stats (message queue, semaphores, shared memory)
--lock enable file lock stats (posix, flock, read, write)
--mem-adv enable advanced memory stats
--raw enable raw stats (raw sockets)
--socket enable socket stats (total, tcp, udp, raw, ip-fragments)
--tcp enable tcp stats (listen, established, syn, time_wait, close)
--udp enable udp stats (listen, active)
--unix enable unix stats (datagram, stream, listen, active)
--vm enable vm stats (hard pagefaults, soft pagefaults, allocated, free)
--vm-adv enable advance vm stats (steal, scanK, scanD, pgoru, astll)
--zones enable zoneinfo stats (d32F, d32H, normF, normH)
--plugin-name enable (external) plugins by plugin name, see PLUGINS for options
Possible internal stats are aio, cpu, cpu24, cpu-adv, cpu-use, disk, disk24, disk24-old, epoch, fs, int, int24, io, ipc, load, lock, mem, mem-adv, net, page, page24, proc, raw, socket, swap, swap-old, sys, tcp, time, udp, unix, vm, vm-adv, zones
--list list the internal and external plugin names
-a, --all equals -cdngy (default)
-f, --full expand -C, -D, -I, -N and -S discovery lists
-v, --vmstat equals -pmgdsc -D total
--bits force bits for values expressed in bytes
--float force float values on screen (mutual exclusive with --integer)
--integer force integer values on screen (mutual exclusive with --float)
--bw, --blackonwhite change colors for white background terminal
--nocolor disable colors
--noheaders disable repetitive headers
--noupdate disable intermediate updates when delay > 1
--output file write CSV output to file
--profile show profiling statistics when exiting dstat
While anyone can create their own dstat plugins (and contribute them) dstat ships with a number of plugins already that extend its capabilities greatly. Here is an overview of the plugins dstat ships with:
--battery battery in percentage (needs ACPI)
--battery-remain battery remaining in hours, minutes (needs ACPI)
--cpufreq CPU frequency in percentage (needs ACPI)
--dbus number of dbus connections (needs python-dbus)
--disk-avgqu average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device
--disk-avgrq average size (in sectors) of the requests that were issued to the device
--disk-svctm average service time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests that were issued to the device
--disk-tps number of transfers per second that were issued to the device
--disk-util percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were issued to the device (bandwidth utilization for the device)
--disk-wait average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device to be served
--dstat show dstat cputime consumption and latency
--dstat-cpu show dstat advanced cpu usage
--dstat-ctxt show dstat context switches
--dstat-mem show dstat advanced memory usage
--fan fan speed (needs ACPI)
--freespace per filesystem disk usage
--gpfs GPFS read/write I/O (needs mmpmon)
--gpfs-ops GPFS filesystem operations (needs mmpmon)
--helloworld Hello world example dstat plugin
--innodb-buffer show innodb buffer stats
--innodb-io show innodb I/O stats
--innodb-ops show innodb operations counters
--lustre show lustre I/O throughput
--md-status show software raid (md) progress and speed
--memcache-hits show the number of hits and misses from memcache
--mysql5-cmds show the MySQL5 command stats
--mysql5-conn show the MySQL5 connection stats
--mysql5-innodb show the MySQL5 innodb stats
--mysql5-io show the MySQL5 I/O stats
--mysql5-keys show the MySQL5 keys stats
--mysql-io show the MySQL I/O stats
--mysql-keys show the MySQL keys stats
--net-packets show the number of packets received and transmitted
--nfs3 show NFS v3 client operations
--nfs3-ops show extended NFS v3 client operations
--nfsd3 show NFS v3 server operations
--nfsd3-ops show extended NFS v3 server operations
--nfsd4-ops show extended NFS v4 server operations
--nfsstat4 show NFS v4 stats
--ntp show NTP time from an NTP server
--postfix show postfix queue sizes (needs postfix)
--power show power usage
--proc-count show total number of processes
--qmail show qmail queue sizes (needs qmail)
--redis: show redis stats
--rpc show RPC client calls stats
--rpcd show RPC server calls stats
--sendmail show sendmail queue size (needs sendmail)
--snmp-cpu show CPU stats using SNMP from DSTAT_SNMPSERVER
--snmp-load show load stats using SNMP from DSTAT_SNMPSERVER
--snmp-mem show memory stats using SNMP from DSTAT_SNMPSERVER
--snmp-net show network stats using SNMP from DSTAT_SNMPSERVER
--snmp-net-err: show network errors using SNMP from DSTAT_SNMPSERVER
--snmp-sys show system stats (interrupts and context switches) using SNMP from DSTAT_SNMPSERVER
--snooze show number of ticks per second
--squid show squid usage statistics
--test show test plugin output
--thermal system temperature sensors
--top-bio show most expensive block I/O process
--top-bio-adv show most expensive block I/O process (incl. pid and other stats)
--top-childwait show process waiting for child the most
--top-cpu show most expensive CPU process
--top-cpu-adv show most expensive CPU process (incl. pid and other stats)
--top-cputime show process using the most CPU time (in ms)
--top-cputime-avg show process with the highest average timeslice (in ms)
--top-int show most frequent interrupt
--top-io show most expensive I/O process
--top-io-adv show most expensive I/O process (incl. pid and other stats)
--top-latency show process with highest total latency (in ms)
--top-latency-avg show process with the highest average latency (in ms)
--top-mem show process using the most memory
--top-oom show process that will be killed by OOM the first
--utmp show number of utmp connections (needs python-utmp)
--vm-cpu show VMware CPU stats from hypervisor
--vm-mem show VMware memory stats from hypervisor
--vm-mem-adv show advanced VMware memory stats from hypervisor
--vmk-hba show VMware ESX kernel vmhba stats
--vmk-int show VMware ESX kernel interrupt stats
--vmk-nic show VMware ESX kernel port stats
--vz-cpu show CPU usage per OpenVZ guest
--vz-io show I/O usage per OpenVZ guest
--vz-ubc show OpenVZ user beancounters
--wifi wireless link quality and signal to noise ratio
--zfs-arc show ZFS arc stats
--zfs-l2arc show ZFS l2arc stats
--zfs-zil show ZFS zil stats
delay is the delay in seconds between each update
count is the number of updates to display before exiting
The default delay is 1 and count is unspecified (unlimited)
When invoking dstat with a delay greater than 1 and without the --noupdate option, it will show intermediate updates, ie. the first time a 1 sec average, the second update a 2 second average, etc. until the delay has been reached.
So in case you specified a delay of 10, the 9 intermediate updates are NOT snapshots, they are averages over the time that passed since the last final update. The end result is that you get a 10 second average on a new line, just like with vmstat.
Using dstat to relate disk-throughput with network-usage (eth0), total CPU-usage and system counters:
dstat -dnyc -N eth0 -C total -f 5
Checking dstat’s behaviour and the system impact of dstat:
dstat -taf --debug
Using the time plugin together with cpu, net, disk, system, load, proc and top_cpu plugins:
dstat -tcndylp --top-cpu
this is identical to
dstat --time --cpu --net --disk --sys --load --proc --top-cpu
Using dstat to relate advanced cpu stats with interrupts per device:
dstat -t --cpu-adv -yif
Since it is practically impossible to test dstat on every possible permutation of kernel, python or distribution version, I need your help and your feedback to fix the remaining problems. If you have improvements or bugreports, please send them to: dag@wieers.com[1]
Note Please see the TODO file for known bugs and future plans.
Paths that may contain external dstat_*.py plugins:
~/.dstat/ (path of binary)/plugins/ /usr/share/dstat/ /usr/local/share/dstat/
Dstat will read additional command line arguments from the environment variable DSTAT_OPTS. You can use this to configure Dstat’s default behavior, e.g. if you have a black-on-white terminal:
export DSTAT_OPTS="--bw --noupdate"
Other internal or external plugins have their own environment variables to influence their behavior, e.g.
DSTAT_NTPSERVER
DSTAT_MYSQL DSTAT_MYSQL_HOST DSTAT_MYSQL_PORT DSTAT_MYSQL_SOCKET DSTAT_MYSQL_USER DSTAT_MYSQL_PWD
DSTAT_SNMPSERVER DSTAT_SNMPCOMMUNITY
DSTAT_SQUID_OPTS
DSTAT_TIMEFMT
Performance tools htop(1), ifstat(1), iftop(8), iostat(1), mpstat(1), netstat(8), nfsstat(8), perf(1), powertop(1), rtacct(8), top(1), vmstat(8), xosview(1)
Process tracing lslk(8), lsof(8), ltrace(1), pidstat(1), pmap(1), ps(1), pstack(1), strace(1)
Binary debugging ldd(1), file(1), nm(1), objdump(1), readelf(1)
Memory usage tools free(1), memusage, memusagestat, ps_mem(1), slabtop(1), smem(8)
Accounting tools acct(2), dump-acct(8), dump-utmp(8), lastcomm(1), sa(8)
Hardware debugging tools dmidecode(8), ifinfo(1), lsdev(1), lshal(1), lshw(1), lsmod(8), lspci(8), lsusb(8), numactl(8), smartctl(8), turbostat(8), x86info(1)
Application debugging mailstats(8), qshape(1)
Xorg related tools xdpyinfo(1), xrestop(1)
Other useful info collectl(1), proc(5), procinfo(8)
Written by Dag Wieers dag@wieers.com[1]
Homepage at http://dag.wieers.com/home-made/dstat/
This manpage was initially written by Andrew Pollock apollock@debian.org[2] for the Debian GNU/Linux system.
Dag Wieers <dag@wieers.com> Author.
1. dag@wieers.com mailto:dag@wieers.com
2. apollock@debian.org mailto:apollock@debian.org
IP-LINK(8)                            Linux                           IP-LINK(8)
ip-link - network device configuration
ip link  { COMMAND | help }
ip link add [ link DEVICE ] [ name ] NAME [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] [ index IDX ] [ numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] [ numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] [ gso_max_size BYTES ] [ gso_max_segs SEGMENTS ] type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link delete { DEVICE | group GROUP } type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link set { DEVICE | group GROUP } [ { up | down } ] [ type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS ] [ arp { on | off } ] [ dynamic { on | off } ] [ multicast { on | off } ] [ allmulticast { on | off } ] [ promisc { on | off } ] [ protodown { on | off } ] [ protodown_reason PREASON { on | off } ] [ trailers { on | off } ] [ txqueuelen PACKETS ] [ name NEWNAME ] [ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ] [ mtu MTU ] [ netns { PID | NETNSNAME } ] [ link-netnsid ID ] [ alias NAME ] [ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ] [ VFVLAN-LIST ] [ rate TXRATE ] [ max_tx_rate TXRATE ] [ min_tx_rate TXRATE ] [ spoofchk { on | off } ] [ query_rss { on | off } ] [ state { auto | enable | disable } ] [ trust { on | off } ] [ node_guid eui64 ] [ port_guid eui64 ] ] [ { xdp | xdpgeneric | xdpdrv | xdpoffload } { off | object FILE [ section NAME ] [ verbose ] | pinned FILE } ] [ master DEVICE ] [ nomaster ] [ vrf NAME ] [ addrgenmode { eui64 | none | stable_secret | random } ] [ macaddr [ MACADDR ] [ { flush | add | del } MACADDR ] [ set MACADDR ] ]
ip link show [ DEVICE | group GROUP ] [ up ] [ master DEVICE ] [ type ETYPE ] [ vrf NAME ]
ip link xstats type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link afstats [ dev DEVICE ]
ip link help [ TYPE ]
TYPE := [ bridge | bond | can | dummy | hsr | ifb | ipoib | macvlan | macvtap | vcan | vxcan | veth | vlan | vxlan | ip6tnl | ipip | sit | gre | gretap | erspan | ip6gre | ip6gretap | ip6erspan | vti | nlmon | ipvlan | ipvtap | lowpan | geneve | bareudp | vrf | macsec | netdevsim | rmnet | xfrm ]
ETYPE := [ TYPE | bridge_slave | bond_slave ]
VFVLAN-LIST := [ VFVLAN-LIST ] VFVLAN
VFVLAN := [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] [ proto VLAN-PROTO ] ]
ip link property add dev DEVICE [ altname NAME .. ]
ip link property del dev DEVICE [ altname NAME .. ]
ip link add - add virtual link link DEVICE specifies the physical device to act operate on.
NAME specifies the name of the new virtual device.
TYPE specifies the type of the new device.
Link types:
bridge - Ethernet Bridge device
bond - Bonding device
dummy - Dummy network interface
hsr - High-availability Seamless Redundancy device
ifb - Intermediate Functional Block device
ipoib - IP over Infiniband device
macvlan - Virtual interface base on link layer address (MAC)
macvtap - Virtual interface based on link layer address (MAC) and TAP.
vcan - Virtual Controller Area Network interface
vxcan - Virtual Controller Area Network tunnel interface
veth - Virtual ethernet interface
vlan - 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface
vxlan - Virtual eXtended LAN
ip6tnl - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4|IPv6 over IPv6
ipip - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4 over IPv4
sit - Virtual tunnel interface IPv6 over IPv4
gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
erspan - Encapsulated Remote SPAN over GRE and IPv4
ip6gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6erspan - Encapsulated Remote SPAN over GRE and IPv6
vti - Virtual tunnel interface
nlmon - Netlink monitoring device
ipvlan - Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs
ipvtap - Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs and TAP
lowpan - Interface for 6LoWPAN (IPv6) over IEEE 802.15.4 / Bluetooth
geneve - GEneric NEtwork Virtualization Encapsulation
bareudp - Bare UDP L3 encapsulation support
macsec - Interface for IEEE 802.1AE MAC Security (MACsec)
vrf - Interface for L3 VRF domains
netdevsim - Interface for netdev API tests
rmnet - Qualcomm rmnet device
xfrm - Virtual xfrm interface
numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT specifies the number of transmit queues for new device.
numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT specifies the number of receive queues for new device.
gso_max_size BYTES specifies the recommended maximum size of a Generic Segment Offload packet the new device should accept.
gso_max_segs SEGMENTS specifies the recommended maximum number of a Generic Segment Offload segments the new device should accept.
index IDX specifies the desired index of the new virtual device. The link creation fails, if the index is busy.
VLAN Type Support For a link of type VLAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type vlan [ protocol VLAN_PROTO ] id VLANID [ reorder_hdr { on | off } ] [ gvrp { on | off } ] [ mvrp { on | off } ] [ loose_binding { on | off } ] [ bridge_binding { on | off } ] [ ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP ] [ egress-qos-map QOS-MAP ]
protocol VLAN_PROTO - either 802.1Q or 802.1ad.
id VLANID - specifies the VLAN Identifier to use. Note that numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x " are interpreted as octal or hexadecimal, respectively.
reorder_hdr { on | off } - specifies whether ethernet headers are reordered or not (default is on).
If reorder_hdr is on then VLAN header will be not inserted immediately but only before passing to the physical device (if this device does not support VLAN offloading), the similar on the RX direction - by default the packet will be untagged before being received by VLAN device. Reordering allows to accelerate tagging on egress and to hide VLAN header on ingress so the packet looks like regular Ethernet packet, at the same time it might be confusing for packet capture as the VLAN header does not exist within the packet.
VLAN offloading can be checked by ethtool(8):
ethtool -k <phy_dev> | grep tx-vlan-offload
where <phy_dev> is the physical device to which VLAN device is bound.
gvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should be registered using GARP VLAN Registration Protocol.
mvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should be registered using Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol.
loose_binding { on | off } - specifies whether the VLAN device state is bound to the physical device state.
bridge_binding { on | off } - specifies whether the VLAN device link state tracks the state of bridge ports that are members of the VLAN.
ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of VLAN header prio field to the Linux internal packet priority on incoming frames. The format is FROM:TO with multiple mappings separated by spaces.
egress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of Linux internal packet priority to VLAN header prio field but for outgoing frames. The format is the same as for ingress- qos-map.
Linux packet priority can be set by iptables(8):
iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING [...] -j CLASSIFY --set-class 0:4
and this "4" priority can be used in the egress qos mapping to set VLAN prio "5":
ip link set veth0.10 type vlan egress 4:5
VXLAN Type Support For a link of type VXLAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vxlan id VNI [ dev PHYS_DEV  ] [ { group | remote } IPADDR ] [ local { IPADDR | any } ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ df DF ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [ srcport MIN MAX ] [ [no]learning ] [ [no]proxy ] [ [no]rsc ] [ [no]l2miss ] [ [no]l3miss ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumrx ] [ ageing SECONDS ] [ maxaddress NUMBER ] [ [no]external ] [ gbp ] [ gpe ]
id VNI - specifies the VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment Identifier) to use.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the physical device to use for tunnel endpoint communication.
group IPADDR - specifies the multicast IP address to join. This parameter cannot be specified with the remote parameter.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets when the destination link layer address is not known in the VXLAN device forwarding database. This parameter cannot be specified with the group parameter.
local IPADDR - specifies the source IP address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing packets.
df DF - specifies the usage of the Don't Fragment flag (DF) bit in outgoing packets with IPv4 headers. The value inherit causes the bit to be copied from the original IP header. The values unset and set cause the bit to be always unset or always set, respectively. By default, the bit is not set.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - specifies the UDP destination port to communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
srcport MIN MAX - specifies the range of port numbers to use as UDP source ports to communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
[no]learning - specifies if unknown source link layer addresses and IP addresses are entered into the VXLAN device forwarding database.
[no]rsc - specifies if route short circuit is turned on.
[no]proxy - specifies ARP proxy is turned on.
[no]l2miss - specifies if netlink LLADDR miss notifications are generated.
[no]l3miss - specifies if netlink IP ADDR miss notifications are generated.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over IPv6 with zero checksum field.
ageing SECONDS - specifies the lifetime in seconds of FDB entries learnt by the kernel.
maxaddress NUMBER - specifies the maximum number of FDB entries.
[no]external - specifies whether an external control plane (e.g. ip route encap) or the internal FDB should be used.
gbp - enables the Group Policy extension (VXLAN-GBP).
Allows to transport group policy context across VXLAN network peers.  If enabled, includes the mark of a packet in the VXLAN header for outgoing packets and fills the packet mark based on the information found in the VXLAN header for incoming packets.
Format of upper 16 bits of packet mark (flags);
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|D|-|-|A|-|-|-| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
D := Don't Learn bit. When set, this bit indicates that the egress VTEP MUST NOT learn the source address of the encapsulated frame.
A := Indicates that the group policy has already been applied to this packet. Policies MUST NOT be applied by devices when the A bit is set.
Format of lower 16 bits of packet mark (policy ID):
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |        Group Policy ID        | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Example: iptables -A OUTPUT [...] -j MARK --set-mark 0x800FF
gpe - enables the Generic Protocol extension (VXLAN-GPE). Currently, this is only supported together with the external keyword.
VETH, VXCAN Type Support For a link of types VETH/VXCAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { veth | vxcan } [ peer name NAME ]
peer name NAME - specifies the virtual pair device name of the VETH/VXCAN tunnel.
IPIP, SIT Type Support For a link of type IPIPorSIT the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ipip | sit }  remote ADDR local ADDR [ encap { fou | gue | none } ] [ encap-sport { PORT | auto } ] [ encap-dport PORT ] [ [no]encap-csum ] [  [no]encap-remcsum ] [ mode  { ip6ip | ipip | mplsip | any } ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tunneled packets.  It must be an address on another interface on this host.
encap { fou | gue | none } - specifies type of secondary UDP encapsulation. "fou" indicates Foo-Over-UDP, "gue" indicates Generic UDP Encapsulation.
encap-sport { PORT | auto } - specifies the source port in UDP encapsulation.  PORT indicates the port by number, "auto" indicates that the port number should be chosen automatically (the kernel picks a flow based on the flow hash of the encapsulated packet).
[no]encap-csum - specifies if UDP checksums are enabled in the secondary encapsulation.
[no]encap-remcsum - specifies if Remote Checksum Offload is enabled. This is only applicable for Generic UDP Encapsulation.
mode { ip6ip | ipip | mplsip | any } - specifies mode in which device should run. "ip6ip" indicates IPv6-Over-IPv4, "ipip" indicates "IPv4-Over-IPv4", "mplsip" indicates MPLS-Over-IPv4, "any" indicates IPv6, IPv4 or MPLS Over IPv4. Supported for SIT where the default is "ip6ip" and IPIP where the default is "ipip".  IPv6-Over-IPv4 is not supported for IPIP.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (e.g. ip route encap).
GRE Type Support For a link of type GRE or GRETAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { gre | gretap }  remote ADDR local ADDR [ [no][i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key ] [ [no][i|o]csum ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ [no]pmtudisc ] [ [no]ignore-df ] [ dev PHYS_DEV ] [ encap { fou | gue | none } ] [ encap-sport { PORT | auto } ] [ encap-dport PORT ] [ [no]encap-csum ] [ [no]encap- remcsum ] [ external ]
[no][i|o]seq - serialize packets.  The oseq flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets.  The iseq flag requires that all input packets are serialized.
[i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key - use keyed GRE with key KEY. KEY is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted quad.  The key parameter specifies the same key to use in both directions.  The ikey and okey parameters specify different keys for input and output.
[no][i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled packets.  The ocsum flag calculates checksums for outgoing packets.  The icsum flag requires that all input packets have the correct checksum. The csum flag is equivalent to the combination icsum ocsum .
[no]pmtudisc - enables/disables Path MTU Discovery on this tunnel.  It is enabled by default. Note that a fixed ttl is incompatible with this option: tunneling with a fixed ttl always makes pmtu discovery.
[no]ignore-df - enables/disables IPv4 DF suppression on this tunnel.  Normally datagrams that exceed the MTU will be fragmented; the presence of the DF flag inhibits this, resulting instead in an ICMP Unreachable (Fragmentation Required) message.  Enabling this attribute causes the DF flag to be ignored.
IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP Type Support For a link of type IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ip6gre | ip6gretap } remote ADDR local ADDR [ [no][i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key ] [ [no][i|o]csum ] [ hoplimit TTL ] [ encaplimit ELIM ] [ tclass TCLASS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dscp inherit ] [ [no]allow- localremote ] [ dev PHYS_DEV ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote IPv6 address of the tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local IPv6 address for tunneled packets.  It must be an address on another interface on this host.
[no][i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled packets.  The ocsum flag calculates checksums for outgoing packets.  The icsum flag requires that all input packets have the correct checksum. The csum flag is equivalent to the combination icsum ocsum.
hoplimit TTL - specifies Hop Limit value to use in outgoing packets.
encaplimit ELIM - specifies a fixed encapsulation limit. Default is 4.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies a fixed flowlabel.
[no]allow-localremote - specifies whether to allow remote endpoint to have an address configured on local host.
tclass TCLASS - specifies the traffic class field on tunneled packets, which can be specified as either a two- digit hex value (e.g. c0) or a predefined string (e.g. internet).  The value inherit causes the field to be copied from the original IP header. The values inherit/STRING or inherit/00..ff will set the field to STRING or 00..ff when tunneling non-IP packets. The default value is 00.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default).  In the kernel, this is referred to as collect metadata mode.  This flag is mutually exclusive with the remote, local, seq, key, csum, hoplimit, encaplimit, flowlabel and tclass options.
IPoIB Type Support For a link of type IPoIB the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE name NAME type ipoib [ pkey PKEY ] [ mode MODE ]
pkey PKEY - specifies the IB P-Key to use.
mode MODE - specifies the mode (datagram or connected) to use.
ERSPAN Type Support For a link of type ERSPAN/IP6ERSPAN the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { erspan | ip6erspan } remote ADDR local ADDR seq key KEY erspan_ver version [ erspan IDX ] [ erspan_dir { ingress | egress } ] [ erspan_hwid hwid ] [ [no]allow-localremote ] [ external ]
erspan_ver version - specifies the ERSPAN version number. version indicates the ERSPAN version to be created: 0 for version 0 type I, 1 for version 1 (type II) or 2 for version 2 (type III).
erspan IDX - specifies the ERSPAN v1 index field.  IDX indicates a 20 bit index/port number associated with the ERSPAN traffic's source port and direction.
erspan_dir { ingress | egress } - specifies the ERSPAN v2 mirrored traffic's direction.
erspan_hwid hwid - an unique identifier of an ERSPAN v2 engine within a system.  hwid is a 6-bit value for users to configure.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default).  In the kernel, this is referred to as collect metadata mode.  This flag is mutually exclusive with the remote, local, erspan_ver, erspan, erspan_dir and erspan_hwid options.
GENEVE Type Support For a link of type GENEVE the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type geneve id VNI remote IPADDR [ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ df DF ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [ [no]external ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumrx ]
id VNI - specifies the Virtual Network Identifier to use.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing packets. "0" or "auto" means use whatever default value, "inherit" means inherit the inner protocol's ttl. Default option is "0".
dstport PORT - select a destination port other than the default of 6081.
[no]external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or not, which is the default). This flag is mutually exclusive with the id, remote, ttl, tos and flowlabel options.
Bareudp Type Support For a link of type Bareudp the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type bareudp dstport PORT ethertype PROTO [ srcportmin PORT ] [ [no]multiproto ]
dstport PORT - specifies the destination port for the UDP tunnel.
ethertype PROTO - specifies the ethertype of the L3 protocol being tunnelled.  ethertype can be given as plain Ethernet protocol number or using the protocol name ("ipv4", "ipv6", "mpls_uc", etc.).
srcportmin PORT - selects the lowest value of the UDP tunnel source port range.
[no]multiproto - activates support for protocols similar to the one specified by ethertype.  When ethertype is "mpls_uc" (that is, unicast MPLS), this allows the tunnel to also handle multicast MPLS.  When ethertype is "ipv4", this allows the tunnel to also handle IPv6. This option is disabled by default.
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Type Support For a link of type MACVLAN or MACVTAP the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type { macvlan | macvtap } mode { private | vepa | bridge | passthru  [ nopromisc ] | source [ nodst ] }  [ bcqueuelen { LENGTH } ]
type { macvlan | macvtap } - specifies the link type to use.  macvlan creates just a virtual interface, while macvtap in addition creates a character device /dev/tapX to be used just like a tuntap device.
mode private - Do not allow communication between macvlan instances on the same physical interface, even if the external switch supports hairpin mode.
mode vepa - Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator mode. Data from one macvlan instance to the other on the same physical interface is transmitted over the physical interface. Either the attached switch needs to support hairpin mode, or there must be a TCP/IP router forwarding the packets in order to allow communication. This is the default mode.
mode bridge - In bridge mode, all endpoints are directly connected to each other, communication is not redirected through the physical interface's peer.
mode passthru [ nopromisc ] - This mode gives more power to a single endpoint, usually in macvtap mode. It is not allowed for more than one endpoint on the same physical interface. All traffic will be forwarded to this endpoint, allowing virtio guests to change MAC address or set promiscuous mode in order to bridge the interface or create vlan interfaces on top of it. By default, this mode forces the underlying interface into promiscuous mode. Passing the nopromisc flag prevents this, so the promisc flag may be controlled using standard tools.
mode source [ nodst ] - allows one to set a list of allowed mac address, which is used to match against source mac address from received frames on underlying interface. This allows creating mac based VLAN associations, instead of standard port or tag based. The feature is useful to deploy 802.1x mac based behavior, where drivers of underlying interfaces doesn't allows that. By default, packets are also considered (duplicated) for destination- based MACVLAN. Passing the nodst flag stops matching packets from also going through the destination-based flow.
bcqueuelen { LENGTH } - Set the length of the RX queue used to process broadcast and multicast packets.  LENGTH must be a positive integer in the range [0-4294967295]. Setting a length of 0 will effectively drop all broadcast/multicast traffic.  If not specified the macvlan driver default (1000) is used.  Note that all macvlans that share the same underlying device are using the same queue. The parameter here is a request, the actual queue length used will be the maximum length that any macvlan interface has requested.  When listing device parameters both the bcqueuelen parameter as well as the actual used bcqueuelen are listed to better help the user understand the setting.
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) Support For a link of type HSR the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type hsr slave1 SLAVE1-IF slave2 SLAVE2-IF [ supervision ADDR-BYTE ] [ version { 0 | 1 } [ proto { 0 | 1 } ]
type hsr - specifies the link type to use, here HSR.
slave1 SLAVE1-IF - Specifies the physical device used for the first of the two ring ports.
slave2 SLAVE2-IF - Specifies the physical device used for the second of the two ring ports.
supervision ADDR-BYTE - The last byte of the multicast address used for HSR supervision frames.  Default option is "0", possible values 0-255.
version { 0 | 1 } - Selects the protocol version of the interface. Default option is "0", which corresponds to the 2010 version of the HSR standard. Option "1" activates the 2012 version.
proto { 0 | 1 } - Selects the protocol at the interface. Default option is "0", which corresponds to the HSR standard. Option "1" activates the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP).
BRIDGE Type Support For a link of type BRIDGE the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type bridge [ ageing_time AGEING_TIME ] [ group_fwd_mask MASK ] [ group_address ADDRESS ] [ forward_delay FORWARD_DELAY ] [ hello_time HELLO_TIME ] [ max_age MAX_AGE ] [ stp_state STP_STATE ] [ priority PRIORITY ] [ vlan_filtering VLAN_FILTERING ] [ vlan_protocol VLAN_PROTOCOL ] [ vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID ] [ vlan_stats_enabled VLAN_STATS_ENABLED ] [ vlan_stats_per_port VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT ] [ mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING ] [ mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR ] [ mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER ] [ mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY ] [ mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX ] [ mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT ] [ mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT ] [ mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED ] [ mcast_igmp_version IGMP_VERSION ] [ mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION ] [ nf_call_iptables NF_CALL_IPTABLES ] [ nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES ] [ nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES ]
ageing_time AGEING_TIME - configure the bridge's FDB entries ageing time, ie the number of seconds a MAC address will be kept in the FDB after a packet has been received from that address. after this time has passed, entries are cleaned up.
group_fwd_mask MASK - set the group forward mask. This is the bitmask that is applied to decide whether to forward incoming frames destined to link-local addresses, ie addresses of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X (defaults to 0, ie the bridge does not forward any link-local frames).
group_address ADDRESS - set the MAC address of the multicast group this bridge uses for STP.  The address must be a link-local address in standard Ethernet MAC address format, ie an address of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X, with X in [0, 4..f].
forward_delay FORWARD_DELAY - set the forwarding delay in seconds, ie the time spent in LISTENING state (before moving to LEARNING) and in LEARNING state (before moving to FORWARDING). Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 2 and 30.
hello_time HELLO_TIME - set the time in seconds between hello packets sent by the bridge, when it is a root bridge or a designated bridges.  Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 1 and 10.
max_age MAX_AGE - set the hello packet timeout, ie the time in seconds until another bridge in the spanning tree is assumed to be dead, after reception of its last hello message. Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid values are between 6 and 40.
stp_state STP_STATE - turn spanning tree protocol on (STP_STATE > 0) or off (STP_STATE == 0).  for this bridge.
priority PRIORITY - set this bridge's spanning tree priority, used during STP root bridge election.  PRIORITY is a 16bit unsigned integer.
vlan_filtering VLAN_FILTERING - turn VLAN filtering on (VLAN_FILTERING > 0) or off (VLAN_FILTERING == 0).  When disabled, the bridge will not consider the VLAN tag when handling packets.
vlan_protocol { 802.1Q | 802.1ad } - set the protocol used for VLAN filtering.
vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID - set the default PVID (native/untagged VLAN ID) for this bridge.
vlan_stats_enabled VLAN_STATS_ENABLED - enable (VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 1) or disable (VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 0) per-VLAN stats accounting.
vlan_stats_per_port VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT - enable (VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT == 1) or disable (VLAN_STATS_PER_PORT == 0) per-VLAN per-port stats accounting. Can be changed only when there are no port VLANs configured.
mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING - turn multicast snooping on (MULTICAST_SNOOPING > 0) or off (MULTICAST_SNOOPING == 0).
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - set bridge's multicast router if IGMP snooping is enabled.  MULTICAST_ROUTER is an integer value having the following meaning:
0 - disabled.
1 - automatic (queried).
2 - permanently enabled.
mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR - whether to use the bridge's own IP address as source address for IGMP queries (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR > 0) or the default of 0.0.0.0 (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR == 0).
mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER - enable (MULTICAST_QUERIER > 0) or disable (MULTICAST_QUERIER == 0) IGMP querier, ie sending of multicast queries by the bridge (default: disabled).
mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL - interval between queries sent by other routers. if no queries are seen after this delay has passed, the bridge will start to send its own queries (as if mcast_querier was enabled).
mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY - set multicast database hash elasticity, ie the maximum chain length in the multicast hash table (defaults to 4).
mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX - set maximum size of multicast hash table (defaults to 512, value must be a power of 2).
mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT - set multicast last member count, ie the number of queries the bridge will send before stopping forwarding a multicast group after a "leave" message has been received (defaults to 2).
mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL - interval between queries to find remaining members of a group, after a "leave" message is received.
mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT - set the number of IGMP queries to send during startup phase (defaults to 2).
mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between queries in the startup phase.
mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between queries sent by the bridge after the end of the startup phase.
mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL - set the Max Response Time/Maximum Response Delay for IGMP/MLD queries sent by the bridge.
mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL - delay after which the bridge will leave a group, if no membership reports for this group are received.
mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED - enable (MCAST_STATS_ENABLED > 0) or disable (MCAST_STATS_ENABLED == 0) multicast (IGMP/MLD) stats accounting.
mcast_igmp_version IGMP_VERSION - set the IGMP version.
mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION - set the MLD version.
nf_call_iptables NF_CALL_IPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IPTABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_IPTABLES == 0) iptables hooks on the bridge.
nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IP6TABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_IP6TABLES == 0) ip6tables hooks on the bridge.
nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_ARPTABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_ARPTABLES == 0) arptables hooks on the bridge.
MACsec Type Support For a link of type MACsec the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type macsec [ [ address <lladdr> ] port PORT | sci SCI ] [ cipher CIPHER_SUITE ] [ icvlen { 8..16 } ] [ encrypt { on | off } ] [ send_sci { on | off } ] [ end_station { on | off } ] [ scb { on | off } ] [ protect { on | off } ] [ replay { on | off } window { 0..2^32-1 } ] [ validate { strict | check | disabled } ] [ encodingsa { 0..3 } ]
address <lladdr> - sets the system identifier component of secure channel for this MACsec device.
port PORT - sets the port number component of secure channel for this MACsec device, in a range from 1 to 65535 inclusive. Numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x " are interpreted as octal and hexadecimal, respectively.
sci SCI - sets the secure channel identifier for this MACsec device.  SCI is a 64bit wide number in hexadecimal format.
cipher CIPHER_SUITE - defines the cipher suite to use.
icvlen LENGTH - sets the length of the Integrity Check Value (ICV).
encrypt on or encrypt off - switches between authenticated encryption, or authenticity mode only.
send_sci on or send_sci off - specifies whether the SCI is included in every packet, or only when it is necessary.
end_station on or end_station off - sets the End Station bit.
scb on or scb off - sets the Single Copy Broadcast bit.
protect on or protect off - enables MACsec protection on the device.
replay on or replay off - enables replay protection on the device.
window SIZE - sets the size of the replay window.
validate strict or validate check or validate disabled - sets the validation mode on the device.
encodingsa AN - sets the active secure association for transmission.
VRF Type Support For a link of type VRF the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vrf table TABLE
table table id associated with VRF device
RMNET Type Support For a link of type RMNET the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type rmnet mux_id MUXID
mux_id MUXID - specifies the mux identifier for the rmnet device, possible values 1-254.
XFRM Type Support For a link of type XFRM the following additional arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type xfrm dev PHYS_DEV [ if_id IF_ID ]
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the underlying physical interface from which transform traffic is sent and received.
if_id IF-ID - specifies the hexadecimal lookup key used to send traffic to and from specific xfrm policies. Policies must be configured with the same key. If not set, the key defaults to 0 and will match any policies which similarly do not have a lookup key configuration.
ip link delete - delete virtual link dev DEVICE specifies the virtual device to act operate on.
group GROUP specifies the group of virtual links to delete. Group 0 is not allowed to be deleted since it is the default group.
type TYPE specifies the type of the device.
ip link set - change device attributes Warning: If multiple parameter changes are requested, ip aborts immediately after any of the changes have failed.  This is the only case when ip can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution is to avoid changing several parameters with one ip link set call.  The modifier change is equivalent to set.
dev DEVICE DEVICE specifies network device to operate on. When configuring SR-IOV Virtual Function (VF) devices, this keyword should specify the associated Physical Function (PF) device.
group GROUP GROUP has a dual role: If both group and dev are present, then move the device to the specified group. If only a group is specified, then the command operates on all devices in that group.
up and down change the state of the device to UP or DOWN.
arp on or arp off change the NOARP flag on the device.