neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
txpck/s Total number of packets transmitted per second.
rxkB/s Total number of kilobytes received per second.
txkB/s Total number of kilobytes transmitted per second.
rxcmp/s Number of compressed packets received per second (for cslip etc.).
txcmp/s Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.
rxmcst/s Number of multicast packets received per second.
%ifutil Utilization percentage of the network interface. For half- duplex interfaces, utilization is calculated using the sum of rxkB/s and txkB/s as a percentage of the interface speed. For full-duplex, this is the greater of rxkB/S or txkB/s.
With the EDEV keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from the network devices are reported.  Statistics for all network interfaces are displayed unless a restricted list is specified using option --iface= (see corresponding option entry).  The following values are displayed:
rxerr/s Total number of bad packets received per second.
txerr/s Total number of errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
coll/s Number of collisions that happened per second while transmitting packets.
rxdrop/s Number of received packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
txdrop/s Number of transmitted packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
txcarr/s Number of carrier-errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
rxfram/s Number of frame alignment errors that happened per second on received packets.
rxfifo/s Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on received packets.
txfifo/s Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on transmitted packets.
With the FC keyword, statistics about fibre channel traffic are reported.  Note that fibre channel statistics depend on sadc's option -S DISK to be collected.  The following values are displayed:
FCHOST Name of the fibre channel host bus adapter (HBA) interface for which statistics are reported.
fch_rxf/s The total number of frames received per second.
fch_txf/s The total number of frames transmitted per second.
fch_rxw/s The total number of transmission words received per second.
fch_txw/s The total number of transmission words transmitted per second.
With the ICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 network traffic are reported.  Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
imsg/s The total number of ICMP messages which the entity received per second [icmpInMsgs].  Note that this counter includes all those counted by ierr/s.
omsg/s The total number of ICMP messages which this entity attempted to send per second [icmpOutMsgs].  Note that this counter includes all those counted by oerr/s.
iech/s The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received per second [icmpInEchos].
iechr/s The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received per second [icmpInEchoReps].
oech/s The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent per second [icmpOutEchos].
oechr/s The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutEchoReps].
itm/s  The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received per second [icmpInTimestamps].
itmr/s The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received per second [icmpInTimestampReps].
otm/s  The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages sent per second [icmpOutTimestamps].
otmr/s The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutTimestampReps].
iadrmk/s The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received per second [icmpInAddrMasks].
iadrmkr/s The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received per second [icmpInAddrMaskReps].
oadrmk/s The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages sent per second [icmpOutAddrMasks].
oadrmkr/s The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutAddrMaskReps].
With the EICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 error messages are reported.  Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ierr/s The number of ICMP messages per second which the entity received but determined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.) [icmpInErrors].
oerr/s The number of ICMP messages per second which this entity did not send due to problems discovered within ICMP such as a lack of buffers [icmpOutErrors].
idstunr/s The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received per second [icmpInDestUnreachs].
odstunr/s The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent per second [icmpOutDestUnreachs].
itmex/s The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received per second [icmpInTimeExcds].
otmex/s The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent per second [icmpOutTimeExcds].
iparmpb/s The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received per second [icmpInParmProbs].
oparmpb/s The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent per second [icmpOutParmProbs].
isrcq/s The number of ICMP Source Quench messages received per second [icmpInSrcQuenchs].
osrcq/s The number of ICMP Source Quench messages sent per second [icmpOutSrcQuenchs].
iredir/s The number of ICMP Redirect messages received per second [icmpInRedirects].
oredir/s The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent per second [icmpOutRedirects].
With the ICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 network traffic are reported.  Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
imsg6/s The total number of ICMP messages received by the interface per second which includes all those counted by ierr6/s [ipv6IfIcmpInMsgs].
omsg6/s The total number of ICMP messages which this interface attempted to send per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutMsgs].
iech6/s The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchos].
iechr6/s The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchoReplies].
oechr6/s The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutEchoReplies].
igmbq6/s The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembQueries].
igmbr6/s The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembResponses].
ogmbr6/s The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages sent per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembResponses].
igmbrd6/s The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembReductions].
ogmbrd6/s The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction messages sent per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembReductions].
irtsol6/s The number of ICMP Router Solicit messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterSolicits].
ortsol6/s The number of ICMP Router Solicitation messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRouterSolicits].
irtad6/s The number of ICMP Router Advertisement messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterAdvertisements].
inbsol6/s The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicit messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborSolicits].
onbsol6/s The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicitation messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborSolicits].
inbad6/s The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborAdvertisements].
onbad6/s The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborAdvertisements].
With the EICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 error messages are reported.  Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ierr6/s The number of ICMP messages per second which the interface received but determined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.)  [ipv6IfIcmpInErrors]
idtunr6/s The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInDestUnreachs].
odtunr6/s The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutDestUnreachs].
itmex6/s The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInTimeExcds].
otmex6/s The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutTimeExcds].
iprmpb6/s The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInParmProblems].
oprmpb6/s The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutParmProblems].
iredir6/s The number of Redirect messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRedirects].
oredir6/s The number of Redirect messages sent by the interface by second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRedirects].
ipck2b6/s The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages received by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInPktTooBigs].
opck2b6/s The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages sent by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutPktTooBigs].
With the IP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network traffic are reported.  Note that IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
irec/s The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces per second, including those received in error [ipInReceives].
fwddgm/s The number of input datagrams per second, for which this entity was not their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt was made to find a route to forward them to that final destination [ipForwDatagrams].
idel/s The total number of input datagrams successfully delivered per second to IP user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipInDelivers].
orq/s  The total number of IP datagrams which local IP user- protocols (including ICMP) supplied per second to IP in requests for transmission [ipOutRequests].  Note that this counter does not include any datagrams counted in fwddgm/s.
asmrq/s The number of IP fragments received per second which needed to be reassembled at this entity [ipReasmReqds].
asmok/s The number of IP datagrams successfully re-assembled per second [ipReasmOKs].
fragok/s The number of IP datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this entity per second [ipFragOKs].
fragcrt/s The number of IP datagram fragments that have been generated per second as a result of fragmentation at this entity [ipFragCreates].
With the EIP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network errors are reported.  Note that IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ihdrerr/s The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to errors in their IP headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatch, other format errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered in processing their IP options, etc. [ipInHdrErrors]
iadrerr/s The number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IP address in their IP header's destination field was not a valid address to be received at this entity. This count includes invalid addresses (e.g., 0.0.0.0) and addresses of unsupported Classes (e.g., Class E). For entities which are not IP routers and therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination address was not a local address [ipInAddrErrors].
iukwnpr/s The number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but discarded per second because of an unknown or unsupported protocol [ipInUnknownProtos].
idisc/s The number of input IP datagrams per second for which no problems were encountered to prevent their continued processing, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipInDiscards].  Note that this counter does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re- assembly.
odisc/s The number of output IP datagrams per second for which no problem was encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipOutDiscards].  Note that this counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm/s if any such packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.
onort/s The number of IP datagrams discarded per second because no route could be found to transmit them to their destination [ipOutNoRoutes].  Note that this counter includes any packets counted in fwddgm/s which meet this 'no-route' criterion.  Note that this includes any datagrams which a host cannot route because all of its default routers are down.
asmf/s The number of failures detected per second by the IP re- assembly algorithm (for whatever reason: timed out, errors, etc) [ipReasmFails].  Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments since some algorithms can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them as they are received.
fragf/s The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded per second because they needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not be, e.g., because their Don't Fragment flag was set [ipFragFails].
With the IP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network traffic are reported.  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
irec6/s The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces per second, including those received in error [ipv6IfStatsInReceives].
fwddgm6/s The number of output datagrams per second which this entity received and forwarded to their final destinations [ipv6IfStatsOutForwDatagrams].
idel6/s The total number of datagrams successfully delivered per second to IPv6 user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipv6IfStatsInDelivers].
orq6/s The total number of IPv6 datagrams which local IPv6 user- protocols (including ICMP) supplied per second to IPv6 in requests for transmission [ipv6IfStatsOutRequests].  Note that this counter does not include any datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s.
asmrq6/s The number of IPv6 fragments received per second which needed to be reassembled at this interface [ipv6IfStatsReasmReqds].
asmok6/s The number of IPv6 datagrams successfully reassembled per second [ipv6IfStatsReasmOKs].
imcpck6/s The number of multicast packets received per second by the interface [ipv6IfStatsInMcastPkts].
omcpck6/s The number of multicast packets transmitted per second by the interface [ipv6IfStatsOutMcastPkts].
fragok6/s The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this output interface per second [ipv6IfStatsOutFragOKs].
fragcr6/s The number of output datagram fragments that have been generated per second as a result of fragmentation at this output interface [ipv6IfStatsOutFragCreates].
With the EIP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network errors are reported.  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ihdrer6/s The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to errors in their IPv6 headers, including version number mismatch, other format errors, hop count exceeded, errors discovered in processing their IPv6 options, etc. [ipv6IfStatsInHdrErrors]
iadrer6/s The number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IPv6 address in their IPv6 header's destination field was not a valid address to be received at this entity. This count includes invalid addresses (e.g., ::0) and unsupported addresses (e.g., addresses with unallocated prefixes). For entities which are not IPv6 routers and therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination address was not a local address [ipv6IfStatsInAddrErrors].
iukwnp6/s The number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but discarded per second because of an unknown or unsupported protocol [ipv6IfStatsInUnknownProtos].
i2big6/s The number of input datagrams that could not be forwarded per second because their size exceeded the link MTU of outgoing interface [ipv6IfStatsInTooBigErrors].
idisc6/s The number of input IPv6 datagrams per second for which no problems were encountered to prevent their continued processing, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipv6IfStatsInDiscards]. Note that this counter does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly.
odisc6/s The number of output IPv6 datagrams per second for which no problem was encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipv6IfStatsOutDiscards]. Note that this counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s if any such packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.
inort6/s The number of input datagrams discarded per second because no route could be found to transmit them to their destination [ipv6IfStatsInNoRoutes].
onort6/s The number of locally generated IP datagrams discarded per second because no route could be found to transmit them to their destination [unknown formal SNMP name].
asmf6/s The number of failures detected per second by the IPv6 re- assembly algorithm (for whatever reason: timed out, errors, etc.) [ipv6IfStatsReasmFails].  Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IPv6 fragments since some algorithms can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them as they are received.
fragf6/s The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been discarded per second because they needed to be fragmented at this output interface but could not be [ipv6IfStatsOutFragFails].
itrpck6/s The number of input datagrams discarded per second because datagram frame didn't carry enough data [ipv6IfStatsInTruncatedPkts].
With the NFS keyword, statistics about NFS client activity are reported.  The following values are displayed:
call/s Number of RPC requests made per second.
retrans/s Number of RPC requests per second, those which needed to be retransmitted (for example because of a server timeout).
read/s Number of 'read' RPC calls made per second.
write/s Number of 'write' RPC calls made per second.
access/s Number of 'access' RPC calls made per second.
getatt/s Number of 'getattr' RPC calls made per second.
With the NFSD keyword, statistics about NFS server activity are reported.  The following values are displayed:
scall/s Number of RPC requests received per second.
badcall/s Number of bad RPC requests received per second, those whose processing generated an error.
packet/s Number of network packets received per second.
udp/s  Number of UDP packets received per second.
tcp/s  Number of TCP packets received per second.
hit/s  Number of reply cache hits per second.
miss/s Number of reply cache misses per second.
sread/s Number of 'read' RPC calls received per second.
swrite/s Number of 'write' RPC calls received per second.
saccess/s Number of 'access' RPC calls received per second.
sgetatt/s Number of 'getattr' RPC calls received per second.
With the SOCK keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv4).  The following values are displayed:
totsck Total number of sockets used by the system.
tcpsck Number of TCP sockets currently in use.
udpsck Number of UDP sockets currently in use.
rawsck Number of RAW sockets currently in use.
ip-frag Number of IP fragments currently in queue.
tcp-tw Number of TCP sockets in TIME_WAIT state.
With the SOCK6 keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv6).  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The following values are displayed:
tcp6sck Number of TCPv6 sockets currently in use.
udp6sck Number of UDPv6 sockets currently in use.
raw6sck Number of RAWv6 sockets currently in use.
ip6-frag Number of IPv6 fragments currently in use.
With the SOFT keyword, statistics about software-based network processing are reported.  The following values are displayed:
total/s The total number of network frames processed per second.
dropd/s The total number of network frames dropped per second because there was no room on the processing queue.
squeezd/s The number of times the softirq handler function terminated per second because its budget was consumed or the time limit was reached, but more work could have been done.
rx_rps/s The number of times the CPU has been woken up per second to process packets via an inter-processor interrupt.
flw_lim/s The number of times the flow limit has been reached per second.  Flow limiting is an optional RPS feature that can be used to limit the number of packets queued to the backlog for each flow to a certain amount.  This can help ensure that smaller flows are processed even though much larger flows are pushing packets in.
With the TCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network traffic are reported.  Note that TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
active/s The number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the SYN-SENT state from the CLOSED state per second [tcpActiveOpens].
passive/s The number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the SYN-RCVD state from the LISTEN state per second [tcpPassiveOpens].
iseg/s The total number of segments received per second, including those received in error [tcpInSegs].  This count includes segments received on currently established connections.
oseg/s The total number of segments sent per second, including those on current connections but excluding those containing only retransmitted octets [tcpOutSegs].
With the ETCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network errors are reported.  Note that TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
atmptf/s The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition to the CLOSED state from either the SYN- SENT state or the SYN-RCVD state, plus the number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition to the LISTEN state from the SYN-RCVD state [tcpAttemptFails].
estres/s The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition to the CLOSED state from either the ESTABLISHED state or the CLOSE-WAIT state [tcpEstabResets].
retrans/s The total number of segments retransmitted per second - that is, the number of TCP segments transmitted containing one or more previously transmitted octets [tcpRetransSegs].
isegerr/s The total number of segments received in error (e.g., bad TCP checksums) per second [tcpInErrs].
orsts/s The number of TCP segments sent per second containing the RST flag [tcpOutRsts].
With the UDP keyword, statistics about UDPv4 network traffic are reported.  Note that UDPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option -S SNMP to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
idgm/s The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users [udpInDatagrams].
odgm/s The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity [udpOutDatagrams].
noport/s The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there was no application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].
idgmerr/s The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be delivered for reasons other than the lack of an application at the destination port [udpInErrors].
With the UDP6 keyword, statistics about UDPv6 network traffic are reported.  Note that UDPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option -S IPV6 to be collected.  The following values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
idgm6/s The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users [udpInDatagrams].
odgm6/s The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity [udpOutDatagrams].
noport6/s The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there was no application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].
idgmer6/s The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be delivered for reasons other than the lack of an application at the destination port [udpInErrors].
The ALL keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore all the network activities are reported.
-o [ filename ] Save the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading is in a separate record. The default value of the filename parameter is the current standard system activity daily data file. If filename is a directory instead of a plain file then it is considered as the directory where the standard system activity daily data files are located. Option -o is exclusive of option -f.  All the data available from the kernel are saved in the file (in fact, sar calls its data collector sadc with the option -S ALL.  See sadc(8) manual page).
-P { cpu_list | ALL } Report per-processor statistics for the specified processor or processors.  cpu_list is a list of comma-separated values or range of values (e.g., 0,2,4-7,12-).  Note that processor 0 is the first processor, and processor all is the global average among all processors.  Specifying the ALL keyword reports statistics for each individual processor, and globally for all processors. Offline processors are not displayed.
-p, --pretty Make reports easier to read by a human.  This option may be especially useful when displaying e.g., network interfaces or block devices statistics.
-q [ keyword[,...] | ALL ] Report system load and pressure-stall statistics.
Possible keywords are CPU, IO, LOAD, MEM and PSI".
With the CPU keyword, CPU pressure statistics are reported.  The following values are displayed:
%scpu-10 Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last 10 second window.
%scpu-60 Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last 60 second window.
%scpu-300 Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last 300 second window.
%scpu  Percentage of the time that at least some runnable tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable to them, over the last time interval.
With the IO keyword, I/O pressure statistics are reported.  The following values are displayed:
%sio-10 Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O, over the last 10 second window.
%sio-60 Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O, over the last 60 second window.
%sio-300 Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O, over the last 300 second window.
%sio   Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost waiting for I/O, over the last time interval.
%fio-10 Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last 10 second window.
%fio-60 Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last 60 second window.
%fio-300 Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last 300 second window.
%fio   Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last time interval.
With the LOAD keyword, queue length and load averages statistics are reported.  The following values are displayed:
runq-sz Run queue length (number of tasks running or waiting for run time).
plist-sz Number of tasks in the task list.
ldavg-1 System load average for the last minute.  The load average is calculated as the average number of runnable or running tasks (R state), and the number of tasks in uninterruptible sleep (D state) over the specified interval.
ldavg-5 System load average for the past 5 minutes.
ldavg-15 System load average for the past 15 minutes.
blocked Number of tasks currently blocked, waiting for I/O to complete.
With the MEM keyword, memory pressure statistics are reported. The following values are displayed:
%smem-10 Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the last 10 second window.
%smem-60 Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the last 60 second window.
%smem-300 Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the last 300 second window.
%smem  Percentage of the time during which at least some tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the last time interval.
%fmem-10 Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last 10 second window.
%fmem-60 Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last 60 second window.
%fmem-300 Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last 300 second window.
%fmem  Percentage of the time during which all non-idle tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last time interval.
The PSI keyword is equivalent to specifying CPU, IO and MEM keywords together and therefore all the pressure-stall statistics are reported.
The ALL keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore all the statistics are reported.
-r [ ALL ] Report memory utilization statistics. The ALL keyword indicates that all the memory fields should be displayed.  The following values may be displayed:
kbmemfree Amount of free memory available in kilobytes.
kbavail Estimate of how much memory in kilobytes is available for starting new applications, without swapping.  The estimate takes into account that the system needs some page cache to function well, and that not all reclaimable slab will be reclaimable, due to items being in use. The impact of those factors will vary from system to system.
kbmemused Amount of used memory in kilobytes (calculated as total installed memory - kbmemfree - kbbuffers - kbcached - kbslab).
%memused Percentage of used memory.
kbbuffers Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel in kilobytes.
kbcached Amount of memory used to cache data by the kernel in kilobytes.
kbcommit Amount of memory in kilobytes needed for current workload. This is an estimate of how much RAM/swap is needed to guarantee that there never is out of memory.
%commit Percentage of memory needed for current workload in relation to the total amount of memory (RAM+swap). This number may be greater than 100% because the kernel usually overcommits memory.
kbactive Amount of active memory in kilobytes (memory that has been used more recently and usually not reclaimed unless absolutely necessary).
kbinact Amount of inactive memory in kilobytes (memory which has been less recently used. It is more eligible to be reclaimed for other purposes).
kbdirty Amount of memory in kilobytes waiting to get written back to the disk.
kbanonpg Amount of non-file backed pages in kilobytes mapped into userspace page tables.
kbslab Amount of memory in kilobytes used by the kernel to cache data structures for its own use.
kbkstack Amount of memory in kilobytes used for kernel stack space.
kbpgtbl Amount of memory in kilobytes dedicated to the lowest level of page tables.
kbvmused Amount of memory in kilobytes of used virtual address space.
-S     Report swap space utilization statistics.  The following values are displayed:
kbswpfree Amount of free swap space in kilobytes.
kbswpused Amount of used swap space in kilobytes.
%swpused Percentage of used swap space.
kbswpcad Amount of cached swap memory in kilobytes.  This is memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in but still also is in the swap area (if memory is needed it doesn't need to be swapped out again because it is already in the swap area. This saves I/O).
%swpcad Percentage of cached swap memory in relation to the amount of used swap space.
-s [ hh:mm[:ss] ] Set the starting time of the data, causing the sar command to extract records time-tagged at, or following, the time specified. The default starting time is 08:00:00.  Hours must be given in 24-hour format. This option can be used only when data are read from a file (option -f).
--sadc Indicate which data collector is called by sar.  If the data collector is sought in PATH then enter "which sadc" to know where it is located.
-t     When reading data from a daily data file, indicate that sar should display the timestamps in the original local time of the data file creator. Without this option, the sar command displays the timestamps in the user's locale time.
-u [ ALL ] Report CPU utilization. The ALL keyword indicates that all the CPU fields should be displayed.  The report may show the following fields:
%user  Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application). Note that this field includes time spent running virtual processors.
%usr   Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application). Note that this field does NOT include time spent running virtual processors.
%nice  Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level with nice priority.
%system Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system level (kernel). Note that this field includes time spent servicing hardware and software interrupts.
%sys   Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system level (kernel). Note that this field does NOT include time spent servicing hardware or software interrupts.
%iowait Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.
%steal Percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.
%irq   Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service hardware interrupts.
%soft  Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service software interrupts.
%guest Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a virtual processor.
%gnice Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a niced guest.
%idle  Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.
-v     Report status of inode, file and other kernel tables.  The following values are displayed:
dentunusd Number of unused cache entries in the directory cache.
file-nr Number of file handles used by the system.
inode-nr Number of inode handlers used by the system.
pty-nr Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.
-W     Report swapping statistics. The following values are displayed:
pswpin/s Total number of swap pages the system brought in per second.
pswpout/s Total number of swap pages the system brought out per second.
-w     Report task creation and system switching activity.  The following values are displayed:
proc/s Total number of tasks created per second.
cswch/s Total number of context switches per second.
-y     Report TTY devices activity. The following values are displayed:
rcvin/s Number of receive interrupts per second for current serial line.  Serial line number is given in the TTY column.
xmtin/s Number of transmit interrupts per second for current serial line.
framerr/s Number of frame errors per second for current serial line.
prtyerr/s Number of parity errors per second for current serial line.
brk/s  Number of breaks per second for current serial line.
ovrun/s Number of overrun errors per second for current serial line.
-z     Tell sar to omit output for any devices for which there was no activity during the sample period.
The sar command takes into account the following environment variables:
S_COLORS_SGR Specify the colors and other attributes used to display statistics on the terminal.  Its value is a colon-separated list of capabilities that defaults to C=33;22:H=31;1:I=32;22:M=35;1:N=34;1:R=31;22:Z=34;22.  Supported capabilities are:
C=     SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) substring for comments inserted in the binary daily data files.
H=     SGR substring for percentage values greater than or equal to 75%.
I=     SGR substring for item names or values (eg. network interfaces, CPU number...)
R=     SGR substring for restart messages.
S_TIME_DEF_TIME If this variable exists and its value is UTC then sar will save its data in UTC time (data will still be displayed in local time). sar will also use UTC time instead of local time to determine the current daily data file located in the /var/log/sa directory. This variable may be useful for servers with users located across several timezones.
S_TIME_FORMAT If this variable exists and its value is ISO then the current locale will be ignored when printing the date in the report header.  The sar command will use the ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.  The timestamp will also be compliant with ISO 8601 format.
sar -u 2 5 Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds. 5 lines are displayed.
sar -I 14 -o int14.file 2 10 Report statistics on IRQ 14 for each 2 seconds. 10 lines are displayed.  Data are stored in a file called int14.file.
sar -r -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa16 Display memory and network statistics saved in daily data file sa16.
sar -A Display all the statistics saved in current daily data file.
/proc filesystem must be mounted for the sar command to work.
All the statistics are not necessarily available, depending on the kernel version used.  sar assumes that you are using at least a 2.6 kernel.
Although sar speaks of kilobytes (kB), megabytes (MB)..., it actually uses kibibytes (kiB), mebibytes (MiB)...  A kibibyte is equal to 1024 bytes, and a mebibyte is equal to 1024 kibibytes.
/var/log/sa/saDD /var/log/sa/saYYYYMMDD The standard system activity daily data files and their default location.  YYYY stands for the current year, MM for the current month and DD for the current day.
/proc and /sys contain various files with system statistics.
sadc(8), sa1(8), sa2(8), sadf(1), sysstat(5), pidstat(1), mpstat(1), iostat(1), vmstat(8)
magick(1)                    General Commands Manual                   magick(1)
magick - convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.
magick [input-options] input-file [output-options] output-file
The magick program is a member of the ImageMagick(1) suite of tools.  Use it to convert between image formats as well as resize an image, blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join, re-sample, and much more.
For more information about the magick command, point your browser to file:///usr/share/doc/ImageMagick-7/www/magick.html or http://imagemagick.org/script/magick.php.
Image Channel Operators: -channel-extract channel-list extract the channels in order -channel-inject channel-list inject the channels in order -channel-swap channel,channel swap the channels
Image Sequence Operators: -affinity filename   transform image colors to match this set of colors -append              append an image sequence top to bottom (use +append for left to right) -clut                apply a color lookup table to the image -coalesce            merge a sequence of images -combine             combine a sequence of images -composite           composite image -crop geometry       cut out a rectangular region of the image -deconstruct         break down an image sequence into constituent parts -evaluate-sequence operator evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression -flatten             flatten a sequence of images -fx expression       apply mathematical expression to an image channel(s) -hald-clut           apply a Hald color lookup table to the image -morph value         morph an image sequence -mosaic              create a mosaic from an image sequence -process arguments   process the image with a custom image filter -separate            separate an image channel into a grayscale image -smush geometry      smush an image sequence together -write filename      write images to this file
Image Stack Operators: -clone indexes       clone an image -delete indexes      delete the image from the image sequence -duplicate count,indexes duplicate an image one or more times -insert index        insert last image into the image sequence -swap indexes        swap two images in the image sequence
docker-build - Build an image from a Dockerfile
docker build [--add-host[=[]]] [--build-arg[=[]]] [--cache-from[=[]]] [--cpu-shares[=0]] [--cgroup-parent[=CGROUP-PARENT]] [--help] [--iidfile[=CIDFILE]] [-f|--file[=PATH/Dockerfile]] [-squash] Experimental [--force-rm] [--isolation[=default]] [--label[=[]]] [--no- cache] [--pull] [--compress] [-q|--quiet] [--rm[=true]] [-t|--tag[=[]]] [-m|--memory[=MEMORY]] [--memory-swap[=LIMIT]] [--network[="default"]] [--shm-size[=SHM-SIZE]] [--cpu-period[=0]] [--cpu-quota[=0]] [--cpuset- cpus[=CPUSET-CPUS]] [--cpuset-mems[=CPUSET-MEMS]] [--target[=[]]] [--ulimit[=[]]] PATH | URL | -
This will read the Dockerfile from the directory specified in PATH.  It also sends any other files and directories found in the current directory to the Docker daemon. The contents of this directory would be used by ADD commands found within the Dockerfile.
Warning, this will send a lot of data to the Docker daemon depending on the contents of the current directory. The build is run by the Docker daemon, not by the CLI, so the whole context must be transferred to the daemon.  The Docker CLI reports "Sending build context to Docker daemon" when the context is sent to the daemon.
When the URL to a tarball archive or to a single Dockerfile is given, no context is sent from the client to the Docker daemon. In this case, the Dockerfile at the root of the archive and the rest of the archive will get used as the context of the build.  When a Git repository is set as the URL, the repository is cloned locally and then sent as the context.
-f, --file PATH/Dockerfile Path to the Dockerfile to use. If the path is a relative path and you are building from a local directory, then the path must be relative to that directory. If you are building from a remote URL pointing to either a tarball or a Git repository, then the path must be relative to the root of the remote context. In all cases, the file must be within the build context. The default is Dockerfile.
--squash true|false Experimental Only Once the image is built, squash the new layers into a new image with a single new layer. Squashing does not destroy any existing image, rather it creates a new image with the content of the squashed layers. This effectively makes it look like all Dockerfile commands were created with a single layer. The build cache is preserved with this method.
Note: using this option means the new image will not be able to take advantage of layer sharing with other images and may use significantly more space.
Note: using this option you may see significantly more space used due to storing two copies of the image, one for the build cache with all the cache layers in tact, and one for the squashed version.
--add-host [] Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
--build-arg variable name and value of a buildarg.
For example, if you want to pass a value for http_proxy, use --build-arg=http_proxy="http://some.proxy.url"
Users pass these values at build-time. Docker uses the buildargs as the environment context for command(s) run via the Dockerfile's RUN instruction or for variable expansion in other Dockerfile instructions. This is not meant for passing secret values. Read more about the buildargs instruction ⟨https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#arg⟩
--cache-from "" Set image that will be used as a build cache source.
--force-rm true|false Always remove intermediate containers, even after unsuccessful builds. The default is false.
--isolation "default" Isolation specifies the type of isolation technology used by containers.
--label label Set metadata for an image
--no-cache true|false Do not use cache when building the image. The default is false.
--iidfile "" Write the image ID to the file
--pull true|false Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image. The default is false.
--compress true|false Compress the build context using gzip. The default is false.
-q, --quiet true|false Suppress the build output and print image ID on success. The default is false.
--rm true|false Remove intermediate containers after a successful build. The default is true.
-t, --tag "" Repository names (and optionally with tags) to be applied to the resulting image in case of success. Refer to docker-tag(1) for more information about valid tag names.
-m, --memory MEMORY Memory limit
--memory-swap number[S] Combined memory plus swap limit; S is an optional suffix which can be one of b (bytes), k (kilobytes), m (megabytes), or g (gigabytes).
--network type Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build. Supported standard values are: none, bridge, host and container:<name|id>. Any other value is taken as a custom network's name or ID which this container should connect to.
In Linux, default is bridge.
--shm-size SHM-SIZE Size of /dev/shm. The format is <number><unit>. number must be greater than 0. Unit is optional and can be b (bytes), k (kilobytes), m (megabytes), or g (gigabytes). If you omit the unit, the system uses bytes. If you omit the size entirely, the system uses 64m.
--cpu-shares 0 CPU shares (relative weight).
By default, all containers get the same proportion of CPU cycles. CPU shares is a 'relative weight', relative to the default setting of 1024. This default value is defined here:
cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/cpu.shares 1024
You can change this proportion by adjusting the container's CPU share weighting relative to the weighting of all other running containers.
Container   CPU share    Flag {C0}        60% of CPU  --cpu-shares 614 (614 is 60% of 1024) {C1}        40% of CPU  --cpu-shares 410 (410 is 40% of 1024)
The proportion is only applied when CPU-intensive processes are running. When tasks in one container are idle, the other containers can use the left-over CPU time. The actual amount of CPU time used varies depending on the number of containers running on the system.
For example, consider three containers, where one has --cpu-shares 1024 and two others have --cpu-shares 512. When processes in all three containers attempt to use 100% of CPU, the first container would receive 50% of the total CPU time. If you add a fourth container with --cpu- shares 1024, the first container only gets 33% of the CPU. The remaining containers receive 16.5%, 16.5% and 33% of the CPU.
Container   CPU share   Flag                CPU time {C0}        100%        --cpu-shares 1024   33% {C1}        50%         --cpu-shares 512    16.5% {C2}        50%         --cpu-shares 512    16.5% {C4}        100%        --cpu-shares 1024   33%
On a multi-core system, the shares of CPU time are distributed across the CPU cores. Even if a container is limited to less than 100% of CPU time, it can use 100% of each individual CPU core.
For example, consider a system with more than three cores. If you start one container {C0} with --cpu-shares 512 running one process, and another container {C1} with --cpu-shares 1024 running two processes, this can result in the following division of CPU shares:
PID    container    CPU    CPU share 100    {C0}         0      100% of CPU0 101    {C1}         1      100% of CPU1 102    {C1}         2      100% of CPU2
--cpu-period 0 Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period.
Limit the container's CPU usage. This flag causes the kernel to restrict the container's CPU usage to the period you specify.
--cpu-quota 0 Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota.
By default, containers run with the full CPU resource. This flag causes the kernel to restrict the container's CPU usage to the quota you specify.
--cpuset-cpus CPUSET-CPUS CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1).
--cpuset-mems CPUSET-MEMS Memory nodes (MEMs) in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1). Only effective on NUMA systems.
For example, if you have four memory nodes on your system (0-3), use --cpuset-mems 0,1 to ensure the processes in your Docker container only use memory from the first two memory nodes.
--cgroup-parent CGROUP-PARENT Path to cgroups under which the container's cgroup are created.
If the path is not absolute, the path is considered relative to the cgroups path of the init process.  Cgroups are created if they do not already exist.
--target "" Set the target build stage name.
--ulimit [] Ulimit options
For more information about ulimit see Setting ulimits in a container ⟨https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/run/#set-ulimits- in-container---ulimit⟩