neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
nvidia-smi mig -cgi <GPU instance profile IDs or names> -i <GPU IDs> -C
nvidia-smi mig --create-gpu-instance <GPU instance profile IDs or names> --id <GPU IDs> --default-compute-instance
9) List GPU instances
nvidia-smi mig -lgi -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi mig --list-gpu-instances --id <GPU IDs>
Lists GPU instances and their IDs.
10) Destroy GPU instance
nvidia-smi mig -dgi -gi <GPU instance IDs> -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi mig --destroy-gpu-instances --gpu-instance-id <GPU instance IDs> --id <GPU IDs>
Destroys GPU instances. The command fails if the requested GPU instance is in use by an application.
11) List compute instance profiles
nvidia-smi mig -lcip -gi <GPU instance IDs> -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi mig --list-compute-instance-profiles --gpu-instance-id <GPU instance IDs> --id <GPU IDs>
Lists compute instance profiles, their availability and IDs. Profiles describe the supported types of compute instances, including all of the GPU resources they share or exclusively control.
12) Create compute instance
nvidia-smi mig -cci <compute instance profile IDs or names> -gi <GPU instance IDs> -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi mig --create-compute-instance <compute instance profile IDs or names> --gpu-instance-id <GPU instance IDs> --id <GPU IDs>
Creates compute instances for the given compute instance profile IDs or names. The command fails if the GPU resources required to allocate the requested compute instances are not available.
13) List compute instances
nvidia-smi mig -lci -gi <GPU instance IDs> -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi mig --list-compute-instances --gpu-instance-id <GPU instance IDs> --id <GPU IDs>
Lists compute instances and their IDs.
14) Destroy compute instance
nvidia-smi mig -dci -ci <compute instance IDs> -gi <GPU instance IDs> -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi mig --destroy-compute-instance --compute-instance-id <compute instance IDs> --gpu-instance-id <GPU instance IDs> --id <GPU IDs>
Destroys compute instances. The command fails if the requested compute instance is in use by an application.
Boost Slider The privileged "nvidia-smi boost-slider" command-line is used to manage boost slider on GPUs. It provides options to list and control boost sliders.
nvidia-smi boost-slider -h
2) List one or more GPUs
nvidia-smi boost-slider -i <GPU IDs>
nvidia-smi boost-slider --id <GPU IDs>
3) List boost sliders
nvidia-smi boost-slider -l
nvidia-smi boost-slider --list
List all boost sliders for the selected devices.
4) Set video boost slider
nvidia-smi boost-slider --vboost <value>
Set the video boost slider for the selected devices.
Power Hint The privileged "nvidia-smi power-hint" command-line is used to query power hint on GPUs.
3) List power hint info
nvidia-smi boost-slider --list-info
4) Query power hint
nvidia-smi boost-slider -gc <value> -t <value> -p <profile ID>
nvidia-smi boost-slider --graphics-clock <value> --temperature <value> --profile <profile ID>
Query power hint with graphics clock, temperature and profile id.
5) Query power hint
nvidia-smi boost-slider -gc <value> -mc <value> -t <value> -p <profile ID>
nvidia-smi boost-slider --graphics-clock <value> --memory-clock <value> --temperature <value> --profile <profile ID>
Query power hint with graphics clock, memory clock, temperature and profile id.
The following list describes all possible data returned by the -q -u unit query option.  Unless otherwise noted all numerical results are base 10 and unitless.
Driver Version The version of the installed NVIDIA display driver.  Format is "Major-Number.Minor-Number".
HIC Info Information about any Host Interface Cards (HIC) that are installed in the system.
Firmware Version The version of the firmware running on the HIC.
Attached Units The number of attached Units in the system.
Product Name The official product name of the unit.  This is an alphanumeric value. For all S-class products.
Product Id The product identifier for the unit.  This is an alphanumeric value of the form "part1-part2-part3".  For all S-class products.
Product Serial The immutable globally unique identifier for the unit.  This is an alphanumeric value.  For all S-class products.
Firmware Version The version of the firmware running on the unit.  Format is "Major-Number.Minor-Number".  For all S-class products.
LED State The LED indicator is used to flag systems with potential problems.  An LED color of AMBER indicates an issue.  For all S-class products.
Color          The color of the LED indicator.  Either "GREEN" or "AMBER".
Cause          The reason for the current LED color.  The cause may be listed as any combination of "Unknown", "Set to AMBER by host system", "Thermal sensor failure", "Fan failure" and "Temperature exceeds critical limit".
Temperature Temperature readings for important components of the Unit.  All readings are in degrees C.  Not all readings may be available.  For all S-class products.
Intake         Air temperature at the unit intake.
Exhaust        Air temperature at the unit exhaust point.
Board          Air temperature across the unit board.
PSU Readings for the unit power supply.  For all S-class products.
State          Operating state of the PSU.  The power supply state can be any of the following: "Normal", "Abnormal", "High voltage", "Fan failure", "Heatsink temperature", "Current limit", "Voltage below UV alarm threshold", "Low-voltage", "I2C remote off command", "MOD_DISABLE input" or "Short pin transition".
Voltage        PSU voltage setting, in volts.
Current        PSU current draw, in amps.
Fan Info Fan readings for the unit.  A reading is provided for each fan, of which there can be many.  For all S-class products.
State          The state of the fan, either "NORMAL" or "FAILED".
Speed          For a healthy fan, the fan's speed in RPM.
Attached GPUs A list of PCI bus ids that correspond to each of the GPUs attached to the unit.  The bus ids have the form "domain:bus:device.function", in hex. For all S-class products.
On Linux, NVIDIA device files may be modified by nvidia-smi if run as root.  Please see the relevant section of the driver README file.
The -a and -g arguments are now deprecated in favor of -q and -i, respectively.  However, the old arguments still work for this release.
nvidia-smi -q Query attributes for all GPUs once, and display in plain text to stdout.
nvidia-smi --format=csv,noheader --query-gpu=uuid,persistence_mode Query UUID and persistence mode of all GPUs in the system.
nvidia-smi -q -d ECC,POWER -i 0 -l 10 -f out.log Query ECC errors and power consumption for GPU 0 at a frequency of 10 seconds, indefinitely, and record to the file out.log.
"nvidia-smi -c 1 -i GPU-b2f5f1b745e3d23d-65a3a26d-097db358-7303e0b6-149642ff3d219f8587cde3a8" Set the compute mode to "PROHIBITED" for GPU with UUID "GPU-b2f5f1b745e3d23d-65a3a26d-097db358-7303e0b6-149642ff3d219f8587cde3a8".
nvidia-smi -q -u -x --dtd Query attributes for all Units once, and display in XML format with embedded DTD to stdout.
nvidia-smi --dtd -u -f nvsmi_unit.dtd Write the Unit DTD to nvsmi_unit.dtd.
nvidia-smi -q -d SUPPORTED_CLOCKS Display supported clocks of all GPUs.
nvidia-smi -i 0 --applications-clocks 2500,745 Set applications clocks to 2500 MHz memory, and 745 MHz graphics.
nvidia-smi mig -cgi 19 Create a MIG GPU instance on profile ID 19.
nvidia-smi mig -cgi 19:2 Create a MIG GPU instance on profile ID 19 at placement start index 2.
nvidia-smi boost-slider -l List all boost sliders for all GPUs.
nvidia-smi boost-slider --vboost 1 Set vboost to value 1 for all GPUs.
nvidia-smi power-hint -l List clock range, temperature range and supported profiles of power hint.
nvidia-smi boost-slider -gc 1350 -t 60 -p 0 Query power hint with graphics clock at 1350MHz, temperature at 60C and profile ID at 0.
nvidia-smi boost-slider -gc 1350 -mc 1215 -t n5 -p 1 Query power hint with graphics clock at 1350MHz, memory clock at 1215MHz, temperature at -5C and profile ID at 1.
=== Known Issues ===
* On Linux GPU Reset can't be triggered when there is pending GOM change.
* On Linux GPU Reset may not successfully change pending ECC mode. A full reboot may be required to enable the mode change.
* On Linux platforms that configure NVIDIA GPUs as NUMA nodes, enabling persistence mode or resetting GPUs may print "Warning: persistence mode is disabled on device" if nvidia-persistenced is not running, or if nvidia-persistenced cannot access files in the NVIDIA driver's procfs directory for the device (/proc/driver/nvidia/gpus/<PCI Config Address>/). During GPU reset and driver reload, this directory will be deleted and recreated, and outstanding references to the deleted directory, such as mounts or shells, can prevent processes from accessing files in the new directory.
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v465 Update and v470 ===
* Added support to query power hint
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v460 Update and v465 ===
* Removed support for -acp,--application-clock-permissions option
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v450 Update and v460 ===
* Add option to specify placement when creating a MIG GPU instance.
* Added support to query and control boost slider
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v445 Update and v450 ===
* Added --lock-memory-clock and --reset-memory-clock command to lock to closest min/max Memory clock provided and ability to reset Memory clock
* Allow fan speeds greater than 100% to be reported
* Added topo support to display NUMA node affinity for GPU devices
* Added support to create MIG instances using profile names
* Added support to create the default compute instance while creating a GPU instance
* Added support to query and disable MIG mode on Windows
* Removed support of GPU reset(-r) command on MIG enabled vGPU guests
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v418 Update and v445 ===
* Added support for Multi Instance GPU (MIG)
* Added support to individually reset NVLink-capable GPUs based on the NVIDIA Ampere architecture
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v361 Update and v418 ===
* Support for Volta and Turing architectures, bug fixes, performance improvements, and new features
*  === Changes between nvidia-smi v352 Update and v361 ===
* Added nvlink support to expose the publicly available NVLINK NVML APIs
* Added clocks sub-command with synchronized boost support
* Updated nvidia-smi stats to report GPU temperature metric
* Updated nvidia-smi dmon to support PCIe throughput
* Updated nvidia-smi daemon/replay to support PCIe throughput
* Updated nvidia-smi dmon, daemon and replay to support PCIe Replay Errors
* Added GPU part numbers in nvidia-smi -q
* Removed support for exclusive thread compute mode
* Added Video (encoder/decode) clocks to the Clocks and Max Clocks display of nvidia-smi -q
* Added memory temperature output to nvidia-smi dmon
* Added --lock-gpu-clock and --reset-gpu-clock command to lock to closest min/max GPU clock provided and reset clock
* Added --cuda-clocks to override or restore default CUDA clocks
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v346 Update and v352 ===
* Added topo support to display affinities per GPU
* Added topo support to display neighboring GPUs for a given level
* Added topo support to show pathway between two given GPUs
* Added "nvidia-smi pmon" command-line for process monitoring in scrolling format
* Added "--debug" option to produce an encrypted debug log for use in submission of bugs back to NVIDIA
* Fixed reporting of Used/Free memory under Windows WDDM mode
* The accounting stats is updated to include both running and terminated processes. The execution time of running process is reported as 0 and updated to actual value when the process is terminated.
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v340 Update and v346 ===
* Added reporting of PCIe replay counters
* Added support for reporting Graphics processes via nvidia-smi
* Added reporting of PCIe utilization
* Added dmon command-line for device monitoring in scrolling format
* Added daemon command-line to run in background and monitor devices as a daemon process. Generates dated log files at /var/log/nvstats/
* Added replay command-line to replay/extract the stat files generated by the daemon tool
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v331 Update and v340 ===
* Added reporting of temperature threshold information.
* Added reporting of brand information (e.g. Tesla, Quadro, etc.)
* Added support for K40d and K80.
* Added reporting of max, min and avg for samples (power, utilization, clock changes). Example commandline: nvidia-smi -q -d power,utilization, clock
* Added nvidia-smi stats interface to collect statistics such as power, utilization, clock changes, xid events and perf capping counters with a notion of time attached to each sample. Example commandline: nvidia-smi stats
* Added support for collectively reporting metrics on more than one GPU. Used with comma separated with "-i" option. Example: nvidia-smi -i 0,1,2
* Added support for displaying the GPU encoder and decoder utilizations
* Added nvidia-smi topo interface to display the GPUDirect communication matrix (EXPERIMENTAL)
* Added support for displayed the GPU board ID and whether or not it is a multiGPU board
* Removed user-defined throttle reason from XML output
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v5.319 Update and v331 ===
* Added reporting of minor number.
* Added reporting BAR1 memory size.
* Added reporting of bridge chip firmware.
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v4.319 Production and v4.319 Update ===
* Added new --applications-clocks-permission switch to change permission requirements for setting and resetting applications clocks.
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v4.304 and v4.319 Production ===
* Added reporting of Display Active state and updated documentation to clarify how it differs from Display Mode and Display Active state
* For consistency on multi-GPU boards nvidia-smi -L always displays UUID instead of serial number
* Added machine readable selective reporting. See SELECTIVE QUERY OPTIONS section of nvidia-smi -h
* Added queries for page retirement information.  See --help-query- retired-pages and -d PAGE_RETIREMENT
* Renamed Clock Throttle Reason User Defined Clocks to Applications Clocks Setting
* On error, return codes have distinct non zero values for each error class. See RETURN VALUE section
* nvidia-smi -i can now query information from healthy GPU when there is a problem with other GPU in the system
* All messages that point to a problem with a GPU print pci bus id of a GPU at fault
* New flag --loop-ms for querying information at higher rates than once a second (can have negative impact on system performance)
* Added queries for accounting procsses.  See --help-query-accounted- apps and -d ACCOUNTING
* Added the enforced power limit to the query output
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v4.304 RC and v4.304 Production ===
* Added reporting of GPU Operation Mode (GOM)
* Added new --gom switch to set GPU Operation Mode
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v3.295 and v4.304 RC ===
* Reformatted non-verbose output due to user feedback.  Removed pending information from table.
* Print out helpful message if initialization fails due to kernel module not receiving interrupts
* Better error handling when NVML shared library is not present in the system
* Added new --applications-clocks switch
* Added new filter to --display switch. Run with -d SUPPORTED_CLOCKS to list possible clocks on a GPU
* When reporting free memory, calculate it from the rounded total and used memory so that values add up
* Added reporting of power management limit constraints and default limit
* Added new --power-limit switch
* Added reporting of texture memory ECC errors
* Added reporting of Clock Throttle Reasons
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v2.285 and v3.295 ===
* Clearer error reporting for running commands (like changing compute mode)
* When running commands on multiple GPUs at once N/A errors are treated as warnings.
* nvidia-smi -i now also supports UUID
* UUID format changed to match UUID standard and will report a different value.
=== Changes between nvidia-smi v2.0 and v2.285 ===
* Report VBIOS version.
* Added -d/--display flag to filter parts of data
* Added reporting of PCI Sub System ID
* Updated docs to indicate we support M2075 and C2075
* Report HIC HWBC firmware version with -u switch
* Report max(P0) clocks next to current clocks
* Added --dtd flag to print the device or unit DTD
* Added message when NVIDIA driver is not running
* Added reporting of PCIe link generation (max and current), and link width (max and current).
* Getting pending driver model works on non-admin
* Added support for running nvidia-smi on Windows Guest accounts
* Running nvidia-smi without -q command will output non verbose version of -q instead of help
* Fixed parsing of -l/--loop= argument (default value, 0, to big value)
* Changed format of pciBusId (to XXXX:XX:XX.X - this change was visible in 280)
* Parsing of busId for -i command is less restrictive. You can pass 0:2:0.0 or 0000:02:00 and other variations
* Changed versioning scheme to also include "driver version"
* XML format always conforms to DTD, even when error conditions occur
* Added support for single and double bit ECC events and XID errors (enabled by default with -l flag disabled for -x flag)
* Added device reset -r --gpu-reset flags
* Added listing of compute running processes
* Renamed power state to performance state. Deprecated support exists in XML output only.
* Updated DTD version number to 2.0 to match the updated XML output
On Linux, the driver README is installed as /usr/share/doc/NVIDIA_GLX-1.0/README.txt
Copyright 2011-2021 NVIDIA Corporation.
RSPAMC(1)                                                              RSPAMC(1)
rspamc - rspamd command line client
rspamc [options] [command] [input-file]...
rspamc –help
rspamc is a simple rspamd client, primarily for classifying or learning messages.  rspamc supports the following commands:
• Scan commands:
• symbols: scan message and show symbols (default command)
• Control commands
• learn_spam: learn message as spam
• learn_ham: learn message as ham
• fuzzy_add: add message to fuzzy storage (check -f and -w options for this command)
• fuzzy_del: delete message from fuzzy storage (check -f option for this command)
• stat: show rspamd statistics
• stat_reset: show and reset rspamd statistics (useful for graphs)
• counters: display rspamd symbols statistics
• uptime: show rspamd uptime
• add_symbol: add or modify symbol settings in rspamd
• add_action: add or modify action settings
Control commands that modify rspamd state are considered privileged and require a password to be specified with the -P option (see OPTIONS, below, for details). This depends on a controller's settings and is discussed in the rspamd-workers page (see SEE ALSO, below, for details).
Input files may be either regular file(s) or a directory to scan.  If no files are specified rspamc reads from the standard input.  Controller commands usually do not accept any input, however learn* and fuzzy* commands requires input.
-h host[:port], --connect=host[:port] Specify host and port
-P password, --password=password Specify control password
-c name, --classifier=name Classifier to learn spam or ham (bayes is used by default)
-w weight, --weight=weight Weight for fuzzy operations
-f number, --flag=number Flag for fuzzy operations
-p, --pass Pass all filters
-v, --verbose More verbose output
-i ip address, --ip=ip address Emulate that message was received from specified ip address
-u username, --user=username Emulate that message was received from specified authenticated user
-d user@domain, --deliver=user@domain Emulate that message was delivered to specified user (for LDA/statistics)
-F user@domain, --from=user@domain Emulate that message has specified SMTP FROM address
-r user@domain, --rcpt=user@domain Emulate that message has specified SMTP RCPT address
--helo=helo_string Imitate SMTP HELO passing from MTA
--hostname=hostname Imitate hostname passing from MTA (rspamd assumes that it is verified by MTA)
-t seconds, --timeout=seconds Timeout for waiting for a reply (can be floating point number, e.g. 0.1)
-b host:port, --bind=host:port Bind to specified ip address
-j, --json Output formatted JSON
--ucl  Output UCL
--raw  Output raw data received from rspamd (compacted JSON)
--headers Output HTTP headers from a reply
--extended-urls Output URLs in an extended format, showing full URL, host and the part of host that was used by surbl module (if enabled).
-n parallel_count, --max-requests=parallel_count Maximum number of requests to rspamd executed in parallel (8 by default)
-e command, --execute=command Execute the specified command with either mime output (if mime option is also specified) or formatted rspamd output
--mime Output the full mime message instead of scanning results only
--header=header Add custom HTTP header for a request.  You may specify header in format name=value or just name for an empty header.  This option can be repeated multiple times.
--sort=type Sort output according to a specific field.  For counters command the allowed values for this key are name, weight, frequency and hits.  Appending :desc to any of these types inverts sorting order.
--commands List available commands
On exit rspamc returns 0 if operation was successful and an error code otherwise.
Check stdin:
rspamc < some_file
Check files:
rspamc symbols file1 file2 file3
Learn files:
rspamc -P pass learn_spam file1 file2 file3
Add fuzzy hash to set 2:
rspamc -P pass -f 2 -w 10 fuzzy_add file1 file2
Delete fuzzy hash from other server:
rspamc -P pass -h hostname:11334 -f 2 fuzzy_del file1 file2
Get statistics:
rspamc stat
Get uptime:
rspamc uptime
Add custom rule's weight:
rspamc add_symbol test 1.5
Add custom action's weight:
rspamc add_action reject 7.1
Rspamd documentation and source code may be downloaded from <https://rspamd.com/>.
FINDFS(8)                     System Administration                    FINDFS(8)
findfs - find a filesystem by label or UUID
findfs NAME=value
findfs will search the block devices in the system looking for a filesystem or partition with specified tag. The currently supported tags are:
LABEL=<label> Specifies filesystem label.
UUID=<uuid> Specifies filesystem UUID.
PARTUUID=<uuid> Specifies partition UUID. This partition identifier is supported for example for GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition tables.
PARTLABEL=<label> Specifies partition label (name). The partition labels are supported for example for GUID Partition Table (GPT) or MAC partition tables.
If the filesystem or partition is found, the device name will be printed on stdout.
The complete overview about filesystems and partitions you can get for example by
lsblk --fs
partx --show <disk>
1 label or uuid cannot be found
2 usage error, wrong number of arguments or unknown option
findfs was originally written by Theodore Tsâ€™o <tytso@mit.edu> and re-written for the util-linux package by Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>.
blkid(8), lsblk(8), partx(8)
The findfs command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
nms(6)                           nms User Manual                          nms(6)
nms - No More Secrets
nms [options]
-a     sets the auto-decrypt flag, decryption sequence starts without requiring a key press.
-s     sets the mask blanks flag. Blank spaces will be encrypted and decrypted.
-c     clear the screen prior to printing any output
-v     display version info
-f<COLOR> set the foreground color of the decrypted text to the color specified.  Valid options are white, black, yellow, magenta, cyan, blue (default), green, or red.
This command works on piped data. Pipe any ASCII or UTF-8 text to nms, and it will apply the hollywood effect, seen on screen in the 1992 hacker movie Sneakers.
Initially showing encrypted data, then starting a decryption sequence to reveal the original plaintext characters.
sneakers(6)
Brian Barto ( https://github.com/bartobri )
nms is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
FISH(1)                            fish-shell                            FISH(1)
fish - the friendly interactive shell
fish [OPTIONS] [-c command] [FILE] [ARGUMENTS...]
fish is a command-line shell written mainly with interactive use in mind. This page briefly describes the options for invoking fish. The full manual is available in HTML by using the help command from inside fish, and in the fish-doc(1) man page. The tutorial is available as HTML via help tutorial or in fish-tutorial(1).
• -c or --command=COMMANDS evaluate the specified commands instead of reading from the commandline, passing any additional positional arguments via $argv. Note that, unlike other shells, the first argument is not the name of the program ($0), but simply the first normal argument.
• -C or --init-command=COMMANDS evaluate the specified commands after reading the configuration, before running the command specified by -c or reading interactive input
• -d or --debug=DEBUG_CATEGORIES enable debug output and specify a pattern for matching debug categories. See Debugging below for details.
• -o or --debug-output=DEBUG_FILE specify a file path to receive the debug output, including categories and fish_trace. The default is stderr.
• -i or --interactive specify that fish is to run in interactive mode
• -l or --login specify that fish is to run as a login shell
• -n or --no-execute do not execute any commands, only perform syntax checking
• -p or --profile=PROFILE_FILE when fish exits, output timing information on all executed commands to the specified file. This excludes time spent starting up and reading the configuration.
• --profile-startup=PROFILE_FILE will write timing information for fish's startup to the specified file. This is useful to profile your configuration.
• -P or --private enables private mode, so fish will not access old or store new history.
• --print-rusage-self when fish exits, output stats from getrusage
• --print-debug-categories outputs the list of debug categories, and then exits.
• -v or --version display version and exit
• -f or --features=FEATURES enables one or more feature flags (separated by a comma). These are how fish stages changes that might break scripts.
The fish exit status is generally the exit status of the last foreground command.
While fish provides extensive support for debugging fish scripts, it is also possible to debug and instrument its internals. Debugging can be enabled by passing the --debug option. For example, the following command turns on debugging for background IO thread events, in addition to the default categories, i.e. debug, error, warning, and warning-path:
> fish --debug=iothread
Available categories are listed by fish --print-debug-categories. The --debug option accepts a comma-separated list of categories, and supports glob syntax. The following command turns on debugging for complete, history, history-file, and profile-history, as well as the default categories:
> fish --debug='complete,*history*'
Debug messages output to stderr by default. Note that if fish_trace is set, execution tracing also outputs to stderr by default. You can output to a file using the --debug-output option:
> fish --debug='complete,*history*' --debug-output=/tmp/fish.log --init-command='set fish_trace on'
These options can also be changed via the $FISH_DEBUG and $FISH_DEBUG_OUTPUT variables. The categories enabled via --debug are added to the ones enabled by $FISH_DEBUG, so they can be disabled by prefixing them with - (reader-*,-ast* enables reader debugging and disables ast debugging).
The file given in --debug-output takes precedence over the file in $FISH_DEBUG_OUTPUT.
2021, fish-shell developers
FREE(1)                           User Commands                          FREE(1)
free - Display amount of free and used memory in the system
free [options]
free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers and caches used by the kernel. The information is gathered by parsing /proc/meminfo. The displayed columns are:
total  Total installed memory (MemTotal and SwapTotal in /proc/meminfo)
used   Used memory (calculated as total - free - buffers - cache)
free   Unused memory (MemFree and SwapFree in /proc/meminfo)
shared Memory used (mostly) by tmpfs (Shmem in /proc/meminfo)
buffers Memory used by kernel buffers (Buffers in /proc/meminfo)
cache  Memory used by the page cache and slabs (Cached and SReclaimable in /proc/meminfo)
buff/cache Sum of buffers and cache
available Estimation of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. Unlike the data provided by the cache or free fields, this field takes into account page cache and also that not all reclaimable memory slabs will be reclaimed due to items being in use (MemAvailable in /proc/meminfo, available on kernels 3.14, emulated on kernels 2.6.27+, otherwise the same as free)
-b, --bytes Display the amount of memory in bytes.
-k, --kibi Display the amount of memory in kibibytes.  This is the default.
-m, --mebi Display the amount of memory in mebibytes.
-g, --gibi Display the amount of memory in gibibytes.
--tebi Display the amount of memory in tebibytes.
--pebi Display the amount of memory in pebibytes.
--kilo Display the amount of memory in kilobytes. Implies --si.
--mega Display the amount of memory in megabytes. Implies --si.
--giga Display the amount of memory in gigabytes. Implies --si.
--tera Display the amount of memory in terabytes. Implies --si.
--peta Display the amount of memory in petabytes. Implies --si.
-h, --human Show all output fields automatically scaled to shortest three digit unit and display the units of print out.  Following units are used.
B = bytes Ki = kibibyte Mi = mebibyte Gi = gibibyte Ti = tebibyte Pi = pebibyte
If unit is missing, and you have exbibyte of RAM or swap, the number is in tebibytes and columns might not be aligned with header.
-w, --wide Switch to the wide mode. The wide mode produces lines longer than 80 characters. In this mode buffers and cache are reported in two separate columns.
-c, --count count Display the result count times.  Requires the -s option.
-l, --lohi Show detailed low and high memory statistics.
-s, --seconds delay Continuously display the result delay  seconds apart.  You may actually specify any floating point number for delay using either . or , for decimal point.  usleep(3) is used for microsecond resolution delay times.
--si   Use kilo, mega, giga etc (power of 1000) instead of kibi, mebi, gibi (power of 1024).
-t, --total Display a line showing the column totals.
/proc/meminfo memory information
The value for the shared column is not available from kernels before 2.6.32 and is displayed as zero.
ps(1), slabtop(1), top(1), vmstat(8).
compare(1)                   General Commands Manual                  compare(1)
compare - mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction.
compare input-file input-file [options] output-file
The compare program is a member of the ImageMagick(1) suite of tools. Use it to mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction.
For more information about the compare command, point your browser to file:///usr/share/doc/ImageMagick-7/www/compare.html or http://imagemagick.org/script/compare.php.
Image Settings: -alpha option        on, activate, off, deactivate, set, opaque, copy transparent, extract, background, or shape -authenticate value  decrypt image with this password -background color    background color -colorspace type     alternate image colorspace -compose operator    set image composite operator -compress type       type of pixel compression when writing the image -decipher filename   convert cipher pixels to plain pixels -define format:option define one or more image format options -density geometry    horizontal and vertical density of the image -depth value         image depth -dissimilarity-threshold value maximum distortion for (sub)image match -encipher filename   convert plain pixels to cipher pixels -extract geometry    extract area from image -format "string"     output formatted image characteristics -fuzz distance       colors within this distance are considered equal -gravity type        horizontal and vertical text placement -identify            identify the format and characteristics of the image -interlace type      type of image interlacing scheme -highlight-color color emphasize pixel differences with this color -limit type value    pixel cache resource limit -lowlight-color color de-emphasize pixel differences with this color -metric type         measure differences between images with this metric -monitor             monitor progress -negate              replace each pixel with its complementary color -profile filename    add, delete, or apply an image profile -quality value       JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level -quiet               suppress all warning messages -quantize colorspace reduce colors in this colorspace -read-mask filename  associate a read mask with the image -regard-warnings     pay attention to warning messages -repage geometry     size and location of an image canvas -respect-parentheses settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary -sampling-factor geometry horizontal and vertical sampling factor -seed value          seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers -set attribute value set an image attribute -similarity-threshold value minimum distortion for (sub)image match -size geometry       width and height of image -subimage-search     search for subimage -synchronize         synchronize image to storage device -taint               declare the image as modified -transparent-color color transparent color -type type           image type -write-mask filename associate a write mask with the image -verbose             print detailed information about the image -virtual-pixel method virtual pixel access method
Image Operators: -brightness-contrast geometry improve brightness / contrast of the image -distort method args distort images according to given method and args -level value         adjust the level of image contrast -resize geometry     resize the image -rotate degrees      apply Paeth rotation to the image -sigmoidal-contrast geometry lightness rescaling using sigmoidal contrast enhancement -trim                trim image edges
Image Channel Operators: -separate            separate an image channel into a grayscale image
Image Sequence Operators: -crop geometry       cut out a rectangular region of the image -write filename      write images to this file
Image Stack Operators: -delete indexes      delete the image from the image sequence
Miscellaneous Options: -channel mask        set the image channel mask -debug events        display copious debugging information -help                print program options -log format          format of debugging information -list type           print a list of supported option arguments -version             print version information
By default, the image format of `file' is determined by its magic number. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps).  Specify 'file' as '-' for standard input or output.
Two images are considered similar if their difference according to the specified metric and fuzz value is 0, with the exception of the normalized cross correlation metric (NCC), where two images are considered similar when their normalized cross correlation is 1. The default metric is NCC.
The compare program returns 2 on error, 0 if the images are similar, or a value between 0 and 1 if they are not similar.
ImageMagick(1)
Copyright (C) 1999-2021 ImageMagick Studio LLC. Additional copyrights and licenses apply to this software, see file:///usr/share/doc/ImageMagick-7/www/license.html or http://imagemagick.org/script/license.php
SETFACL(1)                    Access Control Lists                    SETFACL(1)
setfacl - set file access control lists
setfacl [-bkndRLPvh] [{-m|-x} acl_spec] [{-M|-X} acl_file] file ...
setfacl --restore=file
This utility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. On the command line, a sequence of commands is followed by a sequence of files (which in turn can be followed by another sequence of commands, ...).
The -m and -x options expect an ACL on the command line. Multiple ACL entries are separated by comma characters (`,'). The -M and -X options read an ACL from a file or from standard input. The ACL entry format is described in Section ACL ENTRIES.
The --set and --set-file options set the ACL of a file or a directory. The previous ACL is replaced.  ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.
The -m (--modify) and -M (--modify-file) options modify the ACL of a file or directory.  ACL entries for this operation must include permissions.
The -x (--remove) and -X (--remove-file) options remove ACL entries. It is not an error to remove an entry which does not exist.  Only ACL entries without the perms field are accepted as parameters, unless POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined.
When reading from files using the -M and -X options, setfacl accepts the output getfacl produces.  There is at most one ACL entry per line. After a Pound sign (`#'), everything up to the end of the line is treated as a comment.
If setfacl is used on a file system which does not support ACLs, setfacl operates on the file mode permission bits. If the ACL does not fit completely in the permission bits, setfacl modifies the file mode permission bits to reflect the ACL as closely as possible, writes an error message to standard error, and returns with an exit status greater than 0.
PERMISSIONS The file owner and processes capable of CAP_FOWNER are granted the right to modify ACLs of a file. This is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode. (On current Linux systems, root is the only user with the CAP_FOWNER capability.)
-b, --remove-all Remove all extended ACL entries. The base ACL entries of the owner, group and others are retained.
-k, --remove-default Remove the Default ACL. If no Default ACL exists, no warnings are issued.
-n, --no-mask Do not recalculate the effective rights mask. The default behavior of setfacl is to recalculate the ACL mask entry, unless a mask entry was explicitly given.  The mask entry is set to the union of all permissions of the owning group, and all named user and group entries. (These are exactly the entries affected by the mask entry).
--mask Do recalculate the effective rights mask, even if an ACL mask entry was explicitly given. (See the -n option.)
-d, --default All operations apply to the Default ACL. Regular ACL entries in the input set are promoted to Default ACL entries. Default ACL entries in the input set are discarded. (A warning is issued if that happens).
--restore=file Restore a permission backup created by `getfacl -R' or similar. All permissions of a complete directory subtree are restored using this mechanism. If the input contains owner comments or group comments, setfacl attempts to restore the owner and owning group. If the input contains flags comments (which define the setuid, setgid, and sticky bits), setfacl sets those three bits accordingly; otherwise, it clears them. This option cannot be mixed with other options except `--test'.
--test Test mode. Instead of changing the ACLs of any files, the resulting ACLs are listed.
-R, --recursive Apply operations to all files and directories recursively. This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'.
-L, --logical Logical walk, follow symbolic links to directories. The default behavior is to follow symbolic link arguments, and skip symbolic links encountered in subdirectories.  Only effective in combination with -R.  This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'.
-P, --physical Physical walk, do not follow symbolic links to directories.  This also skips symbolic link arguments.  Only effective in combination with -R.  This option cannot be mixed with `--restore'.
-v, --version Print the version of setfacl and exit.
-h, --help Print help explaining the command line options.
--  End of command line options. All remaining parameters are interpreted as file names, even if they start with a dash.
-   If the file name parameter is a single dash, setfacl reads a list of files from standard input.
ACL ENTRIES The setfacl utility recognizes the following ACL entry formats (blanks inserted for clarity):
[d[efault]:] [u[ser]:]uid [:perms] Permissions of a named user. Permissions of the file owner if uid is empty.
[d[efault]:] g[roup]:gid [:perms] Permissions of a named group. Permissions of the owning group if gid is empty.
[d[efault]:] m[ask][:] [:perms] Effective rights mask
[d[efault]:] o[ther][:] [:perms] Permissions of others.
Whitespace between delimiter characters and non-delimiter characters is ignored.
Proper ACL entries including permissions are used in modify and set operations. (options -m, -M, --set and --set-file).  Entries without the perms field are used for deletion of entries (options -x and -X).
For uid and gid you can specify either a name or a number.  Character literals may be specified with a backslash followed by the 3-digit octal digits corresponding to the ASCII code for the character (e.g., \101 for 'A').  If the name contains a literal backslash followed by 3 digits, the backslash must be escaped (i.e., \\).
The perms field is a combination of characters that indicate the read (r), write (w), execute (x) permissions.  Dash characters in the perms field (-) are ignored.  The character X stands for the execute permission if the file is a directory or already has execute permission for some user.  Alternatively, the perms field can define the permissions numerically, as a bit-wise combination of read (4), write (2), and execute (1).  Zero perms fields or perms fields that only consist of dashes indicate no permissions.
AUTOMATICALLY CREATED ENTRIES Initially, files and directories contain only the three base ACL entries for the owner, the group, and others. There are some rules that need to be satisfied in order for an ACL to be valid:
*   The three base entries cannot be removed. There must be exactly one entry of each of these base entry types.
*   Whenever an ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain an effective rights mask.
*   Whenever an ACL contains any Default ACL entries, the three Default ACL base entries (default owner, default group, and default others) must also exist.
*   Whenever a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group objects, it must also contain a default effective rights mask.
To help the user ensure these rules, setfacl creates entries from existing entries under the following conditions:
*   If an ACL contains named user or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the group entry is created. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to include the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description).
*   If a Default ACL entry is created, and the Default ACL contains no owner, owning group, or others entry, a copy of the ACL owner, owning group, or others entry is added to the Default ACL.
*   If a Default ACL contains named user entries or named group entries, and no mask entry exists, a mask entry containing the same permissions as the default Default ACL's group entry is added. Unless the -n option is given, the permissions of the mask entry are further adjusted to include the union of all permissions affected by the mask entry. (See the -n option description).
Granting an additional user read access setfacl -m u:lisa:r file
Revoking write access from all groups and all named users (using the effective rights mask) setfacl -m m::rx file
Removing a named group entry from a file's ACL setfacl -x g:staff file
Copying the ACL of one file to another getfacl file1 | setfacl --set-file=- file2
Copying the access ACL into the Default ACL getfacl --access dir | setfacl -d -M- dir
CONFORMANCE TO POSIX 1003.1e DRAFT STANDARD 17 If the environment variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined, the default behavior of setfacl changes as follows: All non-standard options are disabled.  The ``default:'' prefix is disabled.  The -x and -X options also accept permission fields (and ignore them).
Andreas Gruenbacher, <andreas.gruenbacher@gmail.com>.
Please send your bug reports, suggested features and comments to the above address.
getfacl(1), chmod(1), umask(1), acl(5)
UNSHADOW(8)                  System Manager's Manual                 UNSHADOW(8)
unshadow - combines passwd and shadow files
unshadow password-file shadow-file
This manual page documents briefly the unshadow command, which is part of the john package.  This manual page was written for the Debian GNU/Linux distribution because the original program does not have a manual page. john, better known as John the Ripper, is a tool to find weak passwords of users in a server.
The unshadow tool combines the passwd and shadow files so John can use them. You might need this since if you only used your shadow file, the GECOS information wouldn't be used by the "single crack" mode, and also you wouldn't be able to use the '-shells' option. On a normal system you'll need to run unshadow as root to be able to read the shadow file.
john(8), mailer(8), unafs(8), unique(8).
The programs are documented fully by John's documentation, which should be available in /usr/share/doc/john or other location, depending on your system.
This manual page was written by Jordi Mallach <jordi@debian.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others). John the Ripper and mailer were written by Solar Designer <solar@openwall.com>. The complete list of contributors can be found in the CREDITS file in the documentation directory.
NG(1)                        General Commands Manual                       NG(1)
ng - small lightweight Emacs-like editor
ng [options] files...
ng is Nihongo Mg, MicroGnuEmacs. This name indicates it is Japanized version of Mg. It can handle ASCII, ISO-2022-JP, Shift-JIS, and EUC-JP as well as EUC-KR and EUC-CN(GB and CNS), while Latin are also supported. Be aware these CJK support and Latin support are exclusive.
ng is just a wrapper script. It calls either ng-latin, ng-cjk or ng-cjk- canna according to locale-related environmental variable, LC_ALL and LANG. If you want to override this act, You can use an environmental variable NG. Set this to what you prefer among the ng families.
-v     Show version of ng.
-c     Show version and built-in features of ng.
-f command Execute the specified command after ng starts.
-I file Use the specified file as an init file instead of ~/.ng.
+ number Go to the line specified by number (do not insert a space between the "+" sign and the number).
/usr/bin/ng-latin - Latin-supported binary.
/usr/bin/ng-cjk - CJK-supported binary.
/usr/bin/ng-cjk-canna - CJK & canna-supported binary.
NG - should be set to either ng-latin, ng-cjk or ng-cjk-canna.  This value is prior to others.
LC_ALL - prior to LANG.
LANG - These locale-related variables control which ng is to be called.
This manual page was written by Yasuhiro Take <take@debian.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).
UNCRUSTIFY(1)                     User Commands                    UNCRUSTIFY(1)
uncrustify - C, C++, C#, D, Java and Pawn source code beautifier
uncrustify [OPTIONS] [FILES]
If no input files are specified, the input is read from stdin. If reading from stdin, you should specify the language using -l.
If -F is used or files are specified on the command line, the output filename is PFX + "/" + filename + SFX. Unless, of course, the options --replace or --no-backup are used.
When reading from stdin or doing a single file via the '-f' option, the output is dumped to stdout, unless redirected with -o FILE.
Errors are always dumped to stderr
Basic Options: -c CFG Use the config file CFG, or defaults if CFG is set to '-'. If not specified, uncrustify will use $UNCRUSTIFY_CONFIG or $HOME/.uncrustify.cfg.
-f FILE Process the single file FILE, sending output to stdout or the file specified with -o.
-o FILE Redirect output to FILE. Use with -f, --update-config, --update-config-with-doc, --universalindent.
--check Do not output the new text, instead verify that nothing changes when the file(s) are processed. The status of every file is printed to stderr. The exit code is EXIT_SUCCESS if there were no changes, EXIT_FAILURE otherwise.