neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
-b, --sector-size size Set the logical sector size of the loop device in bytes (since Linux 4.14). The option may be used when create a new loop device as well as stand-alone command to modify sector size of the already existing loop device.
-c, --set-capacity loopdev Force the loop driver to reread the size of the file associated with the specified loop device.
-P, --partscan Force the kernel to scan the partition table on a newly created loop device. Note that the partition table parsing depends on sector sizes. The default is sector size is 512 bytes, otherwise you need to use the option --sector-size together with --partscan.
-r, --read-only Set up a read-only loop device.
--direct-io[=on|off] Enable or disable direct I/O for the backing file. The optional argument can be either on or off. If the argument is omitted, it defaults to off.
-l, --list If a loop device or the -a option is specified, print the default columns for either the specified loop device or all loop devices; the default is to print info about all devices. See also --output, --noheadings, --raw, and --json.
-O, --output column[,column]... Specify the columns that are to be printed for the --list output. Use --help to get a list of all supported columns.
-n, --noheadings Don’t print headings for --list output format.
--raw Use the raw --list output format.
-J, --json Use JSON format for --list output.
Cryptoloop is no longer supported in favor of dm-crypt. For more details see cryptsetup(8).
losetup returns 0 on success, nonzero on failure. When losetup displays the status of a loop device, it returns 1 if the device is not configured and 2 if an error occurred which prevented determining the status of the device.
Since version 2.37 losetup uses LOOP_CONFIGURE ioctl to setup a new loop device by one ioctl call. The old versions use LOOP_SET_FD and LOOP_SET_STATUS64 ioctls to do the same.
LOOPDEV_DEBUG=all enables debug output.
/dev/loop[0..N] loop block devices
/dev/loop-control loop control device
The following commands can be used as an example of using the loop device.
# dd if=/dev/zero of=~/file.img bs=1024k count=10 # losetup --find --show ~/file.img /dev/loop0 # mkfs -t ext2 /dev/loop0 # mount /dev/loop0 /mnt ... # umount /dev/loop0 # losetup --detach /dev/loop0
Karel Zak <kzak@redhat.com>, based on the original version from Theodore Ts’o <tytso@athena.mit.edu>.
The losetup command is part of the util-linux package which can be downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>.
PYTHON(1)                         User Commands                        PYTHON(1)
python autopep8.py - autopep8
usage: autopep8 [-h] [--version] [-v] [-d] [-i] [--global-config filename]
[--ignore-local-config] [-r] [-j n] [-p n] [-a] [--experimental] [--exclude globs] [--list-fixes] [--ignore errors] [--select errors] [--max-line-length n] [--line-range line line] [--hang-closing] [--exit-code] [files [files ...]]
positional arguments: files  files to format or '-' for standard in
optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose print verbose messages; multiple -v result in more verbose messages
-d, --diff print the diff for the fixed source
-i, --in-place make changes to files in place
--global-config filename path to a global pep8 config file; if this file does not exist then this is ignored (default: ~/.config)
--ignore-local-config don't look for and apply local config files; if not passed, defaults are updated with any config files in the project's root directory
-r, --recursive run recursively over directories; must be used with --in-place or --diff
-j n, --jobs n number of parallel jobs; match CPU count if value is less than 1
-p n, --pep8-passes n maximum number of additional pep8 passes (default: infinite)
-a, --aggressive enable non-whitespace changes; multiple -a result in more aggressive changes
--experimental enable experimental fixes
--exclude globs exclude file/directory names that match these commaseparated globs
--list-fixes list codes for fixes; used by --ignore and --select
--ignore errors do not fix these errors/warnings (default: E226,E24,W50,W690)
--select errors fix only these errors/warnings (e.g. E4,W)
--max-line-length n set maximum allowed line length (default: 79)
--line-range line line, --range line line only fix errors found within this inclusive range of line numbers (e.g. 1 99); line numbers are indexed at 1
--hang-closing hang-closing option passed to pycodestyle
--exit-code change to behavior of exit code. default behavior of return value, 0 is no differences, 1 is error exit.  return 2 when add this option. 2 is exists differences.
The full documentation for python is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and python programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info python
SNAPPER(8)               Filesystem Snapshot Management               SNAPPER(8)
snapper - Command-line program for filesystem snapshot management
snapper [--global-opts] command [--command-opts] [command-arguments]
snapper {--help}
Snapper is a command-line program for filesystem snapshot management. It can create, delete and compare snapshots and undo changes done between snapshots.
Snapper never modifies the content of snapshots. Thus snapper creates read-only snapshots if supported by the kernel. Supported filesystems are btrfs and ext4 (discontinued) as well as snapshots of LVM logical volumes with thin-provisioning. Some filesystems might not be supported depending on your installation.
Configurations For each filesystem or subvolume that should be snapshotted by snapper, a configuration file is required, see snapper-configs(5). The setup can be done with the create-config command.
Snapshots Snapper distinguishes three types of snapshots.
pre Pre snapshots should always have a corresponding post snapshot. The intention of pre/post snapshot pairs is to snapshot the filesystem before and after a modification.
post See pre type.
single These snapshots have no special relationship to other snapshots.
Note that filesystem-wise all three types are the same.
Snapshot Description and Userdata With each snapshot a description and some userdata can be associated. The description is a string. The userdata is a list of key-value pairs where the keys and values are strings.
Do not use non-ASCII characters for the snapshot description, userdata or any other strings, unless you always use the UTF-8 character encoding.
Automatic Snapshot Creation Next to manual snapshot creation, snapshots are also created automatically.
•   A cron-job creates hourly snapshots.
•   Certain programs like YaST and zypper create pre/post snapshot pairs when modifying the system.
Cleanup Algorithms Snapper provides several algorithms to clean up old snapshots. The algorithms are executed in a daily cron-job. This can be configured in the corresponding configurations files along with parameters for every algorithm.
number Deletes old snapshots when a certain number of snapshots is reached.
timeline Deletes old snapshots but keeps a number of hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly snapshots.
empty-pre-post Deletes pre/post snapshot pairs with empty diffs.
The number and timeline cleanup algorithms can also try to keep the space used by snapshots below a limit and the free space of the filesystem above a limit. For the first condition quota must be setup, see command setup-quota. Additional the NUMBER_LIMIT and TIMELINE_LIMIT variables in the config file must have ranges (min- and max-value). The algorithms will then make two passes:
1. Delete snapshots above the max-value independent of the snapshot and filesystem space.
2. Delete snapshots above the min-value until the limits for the snapshot and filesystem are reached.
The limit for the used space can be configured via the SPACE_LIMIT variable. Note: Only snapshots that have a cleanup algorithm set are taken into account when calculating the space used by snapshots. The limit for the free space can be configured via the FREE_LIMIT variable.
Filters Some files keep state information of the system, e.g.  /etc/mtab. Such files should never be reverted. To help users, snapper allows one to ignore these files.
Filters are read from the files /etc/snapper/filters/*.txt and /usr/share/snapper/filters/*.txt, where for files with the same name the former location has precedence. Each line in those files specifies a pattern. When snapper computes the difference between two snapshots it ignores all files and directories matching any of those patterns by using fnmatch(3) with the flag FNM_LEADING_DIR.
Note that filters do not exclude files or directories from being snapshotted. For that, use subvolumes or mount points.
-q, --quiet Suppress normal output. Error messages will still be printed, though.
-v, --verbose Increase verbosity.
--utc Display dates and times in UTC. By default, local time is used.
--iso Display dates and times in ISO format. ISO format is always used for machine-readable outputs.
-t, --table-style style Specifies table style. Table style is identified by an integer number.
--abbreviate Try to abbreviate texts in some columns so that tables fit the width of the screen.
--machine-readable format Specifies a machine-readable output format. Possible options are csv and json.
--csvout Sets CSV output format. See RFC 4180[1] for the details, except lines end with a LF, not CR+LF.
--jsonout Sets JSON output format.
--separator character Specifies the character separator for CSV output format.
-c, --config name Use specified configuration instead of the default configuration. The default configuration is named "root".
--no-dbus Operate without a DBus connection.
Use with caution since a running snapperd will not know about modifications made to the system.
-r, --root path Operate on target root. Only works together with no-dbus and only for some commands.
-a, --ambit ambit Operate in the specified ambit. Can be used to override the ambit detection. Allowed ambits are auto, classic and transactional.
--version Print version and exit.
Snapper provides a number of commands. Each command accepts the options listed in the GLOBAL OPTIONS section. These options must be specified before the command name. In addition, many commands have specific options, which are listed in this section. These command-specific options must be specified after the name of the command and before any of the command arguments.
help Show short help text.
list-configs [options] List available configurations.
--columns columns Select columns to show separated by comma.
Possible columns are: config, subvolume.
create-config [options] subvolume Create a new configuration for a filesystem or subvolume. For this command you will likely need the global option --config, see GLOBAL OPTIONS and CONCEPTS.
-f, --fstype fstype Manually set filesystem type. Supported values are btrfs, ext4 (discontinued) and lvm. For lvm, snapper uses LVM thin-provisioned snapshots. The filesystem type on top of LVM must be provided in parentheses, e.g. lvm(xfs).
Without this option snapper tries to detect the filesystem.
-t, --template name Name of template for the new configuration file.
delete-config Delete a configuration for a filesystem or subvolume. For this command you will likely need to global option --config, see GLOBAL OPTIONS and CONCEPTS.
get-config [options] Displays the settings of the configuration.
Possible columns are: key, value.
Columns are not selected when JSON format is used.
set-config configdata Changes the settings of the configuration. The settings configdata are a list of key-value-pairs separated by spaces and the key and value must be separated by an equal sign, e.g. "NUMBER_CLEANUP=yes NUMBER_LIMIT=10". The value of SUBVOLUME and FSTYPE cannot be changed.
list (ls) [options] List snapshots.
-t, --type type Selects type of snapshots to list. Possible values are all, single and pre-post.
--disable-used-space Disable display of used space.
Calculating the used space needs some time. Thus this option can speedup the listing.
-a, --all-configs List snapshots from all configs accessible by the user.
Possible columns are: config, subvolume, number, default, active, date, user, used-space, cleanup, description, userdata, pre-number, post-number, post-date.
For each snapshot the output consists of several columns. Some need explanation:
#, Pre # and Post # The number of the snapshot.
For btrfs the number can be followed by a sign. A "-" indicates that the snapshot is the currently mounted snapshot and a "+" indicates that the snapshot will be mounted next time (It is the btrfs default subvolume). If both conditions apply a "*" is displayed.
Used Space For btrfs the exclusive space of the btrfs quota group corresponding to the snapshot.
Display of used space is automatically disabled if not available, e.g. quota not enabled on btrfs.
create [options] Create a new snapshot.
-t, --type type Specifies the type of the new snapshot. Possible values are single, pre and post.
--pre-number number For post snapshots the number of the pre snapshot must be provided.
-p, --print-number Print number of the created snapshot.
-d, --description description Description for the snapshot.
-c, --cleanup-algorithm cleanup-algorithm Set the cleanup algorithm for the snapshot.
-u, --userdata userdata Set userdata for the snapshot. The key-value pairs must be separated by comma and the key and value must be separated by an equal sign, e.g. requestid=42,user=arthur.
--command command Create a pre and post snapshot and run command in between.
--read-only Create a read-only snapshot. This is the default.
--read-write Create a read-write snapshot.
--from number Create a snapshot from the snapshot with the provided number instead of snapshot 0.
modify [options] number Modify a snapshot.
-d, --description description New description for snapshot.
delete (remove|rm) number | number1-number2 Delete a snapshot or a range of snapshots.
-s, --sync Sync the filesystem after deleting the snapshots. The details depend on the filesystem type.
Btrfs normally asynchronously frees space after deleting snapshots. With this option snapper will wait until the space once used by the deleted snapshots is actually available again.
Snapshot 0 cannot be deleted. For btrfs the currently mounted snapshot and the snapshot that will be mounted next time (the btrfs default subvolume) can also not be deleted.
mount number Mount a snapshot. Not required for all filesystem types.
umount number Unmount a snapshot. Not required for all filesystem types.
status [options] number1..number2 Compare the snapshots number1 and number2. This will show a list of files and directories that have been created, modified or deleted in the time between the two snapshots have been made.
-o, --output file Write output to file file.
The output consists of a string encoding the status followed by the filename. The characters of the status string are:
1. A "+" means the file was created, a "-" means the file was deleted. A "c" means the content of the file has changed and a "t" means the type of the file has changed (e.g. from regular file to directory).
2. A "p" means the permissions are have changed.
3. An "u" means the user ownership has changed.
4. A "g" means the group ownership has changed.
5. A "x" means the extended attribute information has changed.
6. An "a" means the ACL information has changed.
If there is no change a "." is outputted.
diff [options] number1..number2 [files] Compare the snapshots number1 and number2. This will show a diff of the content of files and directories that have been created, modified or deleted in the time between the two snapshots have been made.
-i, --input file Read files to diff from file file.
--diff-cmd command Command used for comparing files. The default is /usr/bin/diff --new-file --unified. The two files to compare are passed as parameters to the command.
-x, --extensions options Extra options passed to the diff command.
undochange [options] number1..number2 [files] Undo changes done between snapshot number1 and number2.
-i, --input file Read files for which to undo changes from file file.
rollback [options] [number] Creates two new snapshots and sets the default subvolume. Per default the system boots from the default subvolume of the root filesystem. The exact actions depend on whether a number is provided or not:
•   Without a number, a first read-only snapshot of the default subvolume is created. A second read-write snapshot of the current system is created. The system is set to boot from the second snapshot.
•   With a number, a first read-only snapshot of the current system is created. A second read-write snapshot is created of number. The system is set to boot from the second snapshot.
Rollback is only supported with btrfs and requires a properly configured system.
-p, --print-number Print number of the second created snapshot.
The rollback command also sets the description, the cleanup algorithm and some userdata unless the values are specified on the command line. This will automate cleanup of snapshots created by rollbacks.
In other ambits than classic the rollback command does what is required to do a rollback. Anyway it is recommended to use specific programs in that case.
setup-quota Sets up quota. Currently only supported with btrfs.
cleanup [options] cleanup-algorithm Run the cleanup algorithm cleanup-algorithm. Currently implemented cleanup algorithms are number, timeline and empty-pre-post. To run all cleanup algorithms, all can be provided as cleanup-algorithm.
--path path Cleanup all configs affecting path. Only useful for btrfs.
--free-space free-space Try to make free-space available. Only useful for btrfs.
xadiff number1..number2 [files] Compare the extended attributes between snapshot number1 and number2. See examples below:
•   +:user.foo for created attributes
•   -:user.bar for removed attributes
•   -+:security.selinux for modified attributes
Non-root users can be allowed to use a configuration by setting ALLOW_USERS or ALLOW_GROUPS in the config file. For all operations to work, the user must also be able to read and access the .snapshots directory inside the subvolume. The .snapshots directory must be owned by root and must not be writable by anybody else.
Here are some methods how to achieve that:
•   Make the directory accessible for everyone:
chmod a+rx .snapshots
•   Make the directory accessible for a group the user belongs to, e.g.:
chown :users .snapshots
•   Make the directory accessible for the user using ACLs, e.g.:
setfacl -m u:tux:rx .snapshots
The last method can be performed by snapper, see the SYNC_ACL setting in snapper-configs(5).
/etc/conf.d/snapper Global configuration file.
/etc/snapper/configs Directory containing configuration files.
/etc/snapper/config-templates Directory containing configuration templates.
/usr/share/snapper/config-templates Fallback directory containing configuration templates.
/etc/snapper/filters/*.txt Filter files.
/usr/share/snapper/filters/*.txt Fallback filter files.
/var/log/snapper.log Logfile. Please include this file in bug reports.
There is no mechanism to ensure consistency of the files while a snapshot it made. E.g. the files of a database can be inconsistent while the database is running.
Consistency after undochange is not guaranteed. E.g. when the creation of a user is undone, there might still exist files from that user.
Support for individual filesystems, rollback and extended attributes are compile-time options and may not be available.
1. RFC 4180 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4180
http://snapper.io/
Arvin Schnell <aschnell@suse.com>
snapper-configs(5), snapper-zypp-plugin(8), pam_snapper(8), btrfs(8), lvm(8), attr(5), acl(5)
ATOOL(1)                     General Commands Manual                    ATOOL(1)
atool - A script for managing file archives of various types
atool [OPTION]... ARCHIVE [FILE]... aunpack [OPTION]... ARCHIVE [FILE]... apack [OPTION]... ARCHIVE [FILE]... als [OPTION]... ARCHIVE [FILE]... acat [OPTION]... ARCHIVE [FILE]... adiff [OPTION]... ARCHIVE ARCHIVE arepack [OPTION]... OLD-ARCHIVE NEW-ARCHIVE
This manual page document describes the atool commands.  These commands are used for managing file archives of various types, such as tar and Zip archives. Each command can be executed individually or by giving the appropriate options to atool (see OPTIONS below).
aunpack extracts files from an archive. Often one wants to extract all files in an archive to a single subdirectory.  However, some archives contain multiple files in their root directories. The aunpack program overcomes this problem by first extracting files to a unique (temporary) directory, and then moving its contents back if possible. This also prevents local files from being overwritten by mistake.
apack creates archives (or compresses files). If no file arguments are specified, filenames to add are read from standard in.
als lists files in an archive.
acat extracts files in an archive to standard out.
adiff generates a diff between two archives using diff(1).
arepack repacks archives to a different format. It does this by first extracting all files of the old archive into a temporary directory, then packing all files extracted to that directory to the new archive. Use the --each (-e) option in combination with --format (-F) to repack multiple archives using a single invocation of atool. Note that arepack will not remove the old archive.
Unless the --format (-F) option is provided, the archive format is determined by the archive file extension. I.e.  an extension ".tar.gz" or ".tgz" means tar+gzip format. Note that the extensions are checked in the order listed in the section ARCHIVE TYPES below, which is why a file with extension ".tar.gz" is considered to a be tar+gzip archive, not a gzip compressed file.
These programs follow the usual GNU command line syntax, with long options starting with two dashes (`-').  A summary of options is included below.
-l, --list List files in archive.  This option is automatically assumed when als is executed.
-x, --extract Extract files from archive.  This option is automatically assumed when aunpack is executed.
-X, --extract-to=PATH Extract files from archive to the specified directory. When unpacking compressed files, PATH may refer to either a filename or an existing directory.
-a, --add Create archive.  This option is automatically assumed when apack is executed.
-c, --cat Extract a file from archive to standard out (displaying it on screen).  This option is automatically assumed when acat is executed.
-d, --diff Extract two archives and use diff(1) to generate differencies between them.  This option is automatically assumed when adiff is executed.
-e, --each For each argument, execute the specified command. This can be used to quickly extract, list or create multiple archives (see EXAMPLES below). This option can not be used with the cat command.
-F, --format=EXTENSION Specify archive format manually (see ARCHIVE TYPES below).
-S, --simulate Run atool in simulation mode. No changes to the filesystem (i.e. writes) will be made, and all commands that would be executed are displayed instead. This option can't be combined with --explain (since it implies that already).
Note that it is not guaranteed that the commands printed in simulation mode will be the same as those executed in non- simulation mode. This is because some operations depend on what files archives contain, and atool can at this time only determine that by extracting archives.
-E, --explain Display commands executed by atool. This option can't be combined with --simulate.
-p, --page Run output through a pager, usually pager unless the environment variable PAGER is set.
-f, --force When extracting from files, allow overwriting of local files. When creating an archive, allow the archive file to be overwritten if it already exists. Note that it is possible to add files to existing RAR and Zip archives (this is not possible for many other formats).
-D, --subdir When extracting archives, always create a new directory for the archive even if the archive only contains one file in its root directory.
-0, --null If no file arguments are specified when creating or adding files to archives, the list of files will be read from standard in. Normally these filenames are separated by newline, but with this option they are separated by null-bytes. This is useful with the GNU find -print0 option.
-q, --quiet Decrease verbosity level by one. This is subtracted from the default verbosity level, or the level specified with --verbosity. This option may be specified more than once to make atool even less verbose.
-v, --verbose Increase verbosity level by one. This is added to the default verbosity level, or the level specified with --verbosity. This option may be specified more than once to make atool even more verbose.
-V, --verbosity=LEVEL Specify verbosity level. The default level is 1, which means "normal verbosity" - e.g. when creating and extracting from archives, files will be listed.
--config=FILE Load configuration from the specified file. When using this option, the system-wide and user-wide configuration files will not be loaded. If the specified file does not exist or can not be read, atool will terminate with an error message.
-o, --option=KEY=VALUE Override a configuration option. These are applied after reading the configuration files.
You can specify this multiple times to override different options.
-O, --format-option=OPTION Send additional options to the archiver command. This can be useful when specifying compression options for some archives, e.g. apack -F7z -O-mx=9 archive.7z dir You can specify this multiple times add different options.
--save-outdir=FILE When extracting files, save the name of the directory which the archive was extracted to to the specified file. If the command was not `extract', or the archive was not extracted to a new directory, then nothing will be written to the specified file. If multiple archives were specified (with -e), then only the last directory that files were extracted to will be written to FILE.
This option is used internally (see EXAMPLES below).
Unless the -f (--format) option is provided, the archive format is determined by the archive file extension. I.e. an extension ".tar.gz" or ".tgz" means tar+gzip format. Note that the extensions are checked in the other listed above, which is why a file with extension ".tar.gz" is considered to a tar+gzip archive, not a gzip archive.
The diff command is supported whenever the extract command is supported.
The supported archive types are:
tar+gzip (.tar.gz, .tgz) All commands are supported.
tar+bzip (.tar.bz, .tbz) All commands are supported.
tar+bzip2 (.tar.bz2, .tbz2) All commands are supported.
tar+compress (.tar.Z, .tZ) All commands are supported.
tar+lzop (.tar.lzo, .tzo) All commands are supported.
tar+lzip (.tar.lz, .tlz) All commands are supported.
tar+xz (.tar.xz, .txz) All commands are supported.
tar+7z (.tar.7z, .t7z) All commands are supported.
tar (.tar) All commands are supported.
zip (.zip) All commands are supported.
jar (.jar, .war) List, extract, and add commands are supported.  Cat is supported if use_jar_program is disabled.
rar (.rar) All commands are supported.
lha (.lha, .lzh) All commands are supported.
7z (.7z) Extract, list and add commands are supported.
alzip (.alz) Extract command is supported.
ace (.ace) Extract and list commands are supported.
ar (.a) All commands are supported.
arj (.arj) List, extract and add commands are supported.
arc (.arc) All command are supported.  (Note that arc outputs an extra newline when the cat command is used.)
rpm (.rpm) Extract and list commands are supported.
deb (.deb) Extract and list commands are supported.
cab (.cab) Cat, extract, and list commands are supported.
gzip (.gz) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
bzip (.bz) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
bzip2 (.bz2) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
compress (.Z) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
lzma (.lzma) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
lzop (.lzo) Extract and add commands are supported. The cat command is not supported because lzop does not want to extract files to standard out unless the -f flag is given.
lzip (.lz) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
xz (.xz) Cat, extract, and add commands are supported.
rzip (.rz) Extract and add commands are supported.
lrzip (.lrz) Extract and add commands are supported.
7zip (.7z) All commands are supported.  (Note that 7z refuses to write extracted files to standard out if standard out is a terminal. Use -p or pipe the output of atool/acat to a pager when reading in a terminal.)
cpio (.cpio) List, extract and add commands are supported.
Since version 0.8.0, atool can read custom configuration files.  First, hardcoded defaults in the atool program file are evaluated.  Then system- wide configuration values are loaded from /etc/atool.conf if that file exists. Finally, per-user configuration values are loaded from .atoolrc in the current user's home directory.
The format of the configuration files is simple:
variable value
Here variable is a variable listed below, and value is the value to associate the variable with. variable and value should be separated with at least one whitespace (space, tab etc). Empty lines and lines beginning with # are discarded.
A value of `1' means that the option is enabled, and `0' that it is disabled. Strings should not be quoted, as they start at the first non- whitespace character and end at the end of the line.
use_tar_bzip2_option (default: 1) Enable this if you use GNU tar and it supports the --bzip2 option for filtering bzip2'ed files through bzip2. Versions 1.13.6 or later of GNU tar support --bzip2. Therefore, if you use GNU tar earlier than 1.13.6, you will need to disable this option.
This used to be use_tar_j_option but using --bzip2 is more portable.
use_tar_lzip_option (default: 0) Enable this if you use GNU tar and it supports the --lzip option for filtering lzip'ed files through lzip. Versions 1.23 or later of GNU tar support --lzip. Therefore, if you use GNU tar earlier than 1.23, you will need to disable this option.
use_tar_z_option (default: 1) Enable this if you use GNU tar and it supports the -z option for filtering gzipped files through gzip. You will need to disable this and use_tar_j_option if you don't use GNU tar.
Disabling these two options doesn't mean that atool can't extract bzip2/gzip files. If disabled, atool use a pipe to send output from bzip2/gzip to tar instead.
If possible, these options should be enabled since error management is better when filtering is done by tar.
use_tar_lzma_option (default: 1) Enable this if you use GNU tar and it supports the --lzma option for filtering lzma compressed files through lzma. Versions 1.20 or later of GNU tar support --lzma.
use_tar_lzop_option (default: 0) Enable this if you use GNU tar and it supports the --lzop option for filtering lzop compressed files through lzop. Versions 1.21 or later of GNU tar support --lzop.
use_tar_xz_option (default: 0) Enable this if you use GNU tar and it supports the --xz option for filtering xz compressed files through xz. Versions 1.22 or later of GNU tar support --xz.
use_gzip_for_z (default: 1) Enable this if you want to use gzip instead of uncompress when decompressing compress'ed files (`.Z' files).
use_rar_for_unpack (default: 0) Enable this if you want to always use rar instead of unrar when possible. This makes atool use the rar command (path_rar) even when listing and extracting RAR files.
use_arc_for_unpack (default: 0) Enable this if you want to always use arc instead of nomarch when possible. This makes atool use the arc command (path_arc) even when listing and extracting ARC files.
use_arj_for_unpack (default: 0) Enable this if you want to always use arj instead of unarj when possible. This makes atool use the arj command (path_arj) even when listing and extracting ARJ files.
use_find_cpio_print0 (default: 1) Enable this if find supports the -print0 option and cpio supports the -0 option. Without it, it is impossible/harder to make cpio archives of files with newline characters in their names.
extract_deb_control (default: 1) Debian .deb package files contain control information in a DEBIAN directory, especially the package's "control" file. Enable this if you want the control information to be exctracted during extraction in addition to the normal files.
strip_unknown_ext (default: 1) Certain types of files are actually archives, but their extensions doesn't tell so. Examples are Open Office documents (Zip files) and Gnumeric documents (gzip'ed files). Since the extensions of those filenames are unknown to atool, they would not be stripped with this option set to 0. The output file in that case would be something like Unpack-XYZW. Setting this option to 1 will cause the extension to be stripped instead.
use_pbzip2 (default: 0) Enable this if you want to use pbzip2 rather than bzip2.  Please not that if use_tar_bzip2_option is enabled, then bzip2 will be used by tar regardless of the use_pbzip2 option. So if you want tar to use pbzip2 rather than bzip2, set use_pbzip2 to 1 and use_tar_bzip2_option to 0.
use_lbzip2 (default: 0) Enable this if you want to use lbzip2 rather than bzip2.  Please not that if use_tar_bzip2_option is enabled, then bzip2 will be used by tar regardless of the use_lbzip2 option. So if you want tar to use lbzip2 rather than bzip2, set use_lbzip2 to 1 and use_tar_bzip2_option to 0.
use_pigz (default: 0) Enable this if you want to use pigz rather than gzip.  Please not that if use_tar_z_option is enabled, then gzip will be used by tar regardless of the use_pigz option. So if you want tar to use pigz rather than gzip, set use_pigz to 1 and use_tar_z_option to 0.
use_plzip (default: 0) Enable this if you want to use plzip rather than lzip.  Please not that if use_tar_lzip_option is enabled, then lzip will be used by tar regardless of the use_plzip option. So if you want tar to use plzip rather than lzip, set use_plzip to 1 and use_tar_lzip_option to 0.
use_jar (default: 0) Enable this if you want to use jar for managing jar archives. If you disable this option, zip will be used (which should work just as well, and probably be faster too).
This option is disabled by default since extracting files to standard out (`cat') is not supported by jar.
use_file (default: 1) Enable this if you want atool to identify file types using file(1) for those files with an unrecognized extension (or none at all).
use_file_always (default: 0) Enable this if you want atool to always identify archives using file(1), regardless of the file extension. Please note that this currently has some drawbacks, such as not being able to identify all archive types (especially tar archives compressed with 7zip, lzop, szip etc).
tmpdir_name (default: Unpack-%04d) atool extracts to a temporary directory created in the current directory so that no files are overwritten. This variable controlls what name that temporary directory should have.
The `%d' string in this variable will be replaced with a random number between 0 and 9999. It is possible change the format of this number by using something else than `%d' - see printf(3).
tmpfile_name (default: Pack-%04d) When using pbzip2, and creating archives, a temporary file need to be created. This option controls the name of that file.  See tmpdir_name for further details on the format.
path_pager (default: pager)
path_jar (default: jar)
path_tar (default: tar)
path_zip (default: zip)
path_unzip (default: unzip)
path_gzip (default: gzip)
path_bzip (default: bzip)
path_bzip2 (default: bzip2)
path_pbzip2 (default: pbzip2)
path_compress (default: compress)
path_lzma (default: lzma)
path_lzop (default: lzop)
path_lzip (default: lzip)
path_rar (default: rar)
path_unrar (default: unrar)
path_lbzip2 (default: lbzip2)
path_pigz (default: pigz)
path_cabextract (default: cabextract)
path_7z (default: 7z)
path_unalz (default: unalz)
path_lha (default: lha)
path_unace (default: unace)
path_ar (default: ar)
path_arj (default: arj)
path_unarj (default: unarj)
path_arc (default: arc)
path_nomarch (default: nomarch)
path_rpm (default: rpm)
path_rpm2cpio (default: rpm2cpio)
path_dpkg_deb (default: dpkg-deb)
path_cpio (default: cpio)
path_file (default: file)
path_find (default: find)
path_xargs (default: xargs)
path_cat (default: cat)
path_diff (default: diff) These are all paths to the corresponding programs. It is usually best to leave them as is, because that way their locations can be looked up from the PATH variable.
args_diff (default: -ru) This variable specifies command line arguments to pass to the diff command (as specified by path_diff) when using adiff. Space characters separate arguments in this string.
path_syscfg (default: /etc/atool.conf) (This variable can only be set in the atool program file.)  This variable specifies the directory where the system-wide configuration file is located.
path_usercfg (default: .atoolrc) (This variable can only be set in the atool program file and system-wide configuration file.)  This variable specifies where the user configuration file is located. Note that if this filename is relative (i.e. doesn't being with `/'), it will be relative to the current user's home directory (as determined by the HOME environment variable).
default_verbosity (default: 1) This is the default verbosity of atool. By using -q and -v options, the verbosity level can be raised and lowered.  Level 1 means "normal verbosity" - e.g. when creating and extracting from archives, files will be listed.
show_extracted (default: 1) If this is set to 1, the aunpack command will always show what file or directory that was extracted. Otherwise that will only be printed if the archive was extracted to an unexpected location (as a result of local files already existing or the archive having multiple files in its root directory).
This can be quite useful in combinatiaon with `default_verbosity 0'.  Note that this option will have no effect when the -X option is used with aunpack, and it has no effect on compressed files.
keep_compressed (default: 1) When compressing a file with gzip or bzip2, the original (uncompressed) file is usually deleted once it has been compressed. I.e. if you compress a file "test" you will end up with only one file, "test.gz".  With this option set to 1, you will make atool keep the original file as well. The original behaviour is achieved by setting this option to 0.
This option also has an equivalent effect on uncompressing compressed files. When set to 1, the original (compressed) file will be kept.  Otherwise it will be deleted.
Note however that this option has no effect when packing up a compressed file with the -X option (for specifying an output directory or file). In that case the original file is always kept.
decompress_to_cwd (default: 1) When decompressing a file with commands such as gzip or bzip2, the decompressed file is usually placed in the same directory as the compressed file. With this option set to 1, the decompressed file is instead placed in the current working directory.
Note that this option has no effect when -X is used.
PAGER The default pager to use when the -p/--page option is specified.
To extract all files from archive `foobar.tar.gz' to a subdirectory (or the current directory if it only contains one file): aunpack foobar.tar.gz
To extract all files from all `.tar.gz' archives in the current directory: aunpack -e *.tar.gz
To create a zip archive of two files `foo' and `bar': apack myarchive.zip foo bar
To display the file `baz' in the archive `myarchive.zip' through a pager: acat -p myarchive.zip baz
To list contents of the rar archive `stuff.rar': als stuff.rar
To create three archives, `dir1.tar.gz', `dir2.tar.gz' and `dir3.tar.gz', so that the first one contains all files in dir1, the second all in dir2 and the third all dir3: apack -e -F .tar.gz dir1 dir2 dir3
To show all differences between version 2.4.17 and 2.4.18 of the kernel: adiff linux-2.4.17.tar.gz linux-2.4.18.tar.gz
To repack all .tar.gz archives in the current directory to .tar.7z (the old archive will be kept untouched): arepack -F.tar.7z -e *.tar.gz
Here's a shell function that will make the aunpack command change into the directory where files were extracted: aunpack () { TMP=`mktemp /tmp/aunpack.XXXXXXXXXX` atool -x --save-outdir=$TMP "$@" DIR="`cat $TMP`" [ "$DIR" != "" -a -d "$DIR" ] && cd "$DIR" rm $TMP } If you don't have the mktemp program, you can replace the second line with (note however that this is not entirely safe) TMP="/tmp/atool_outdir.$$"
Trying to extract gzip and other compressed files without the .gz (or .bz2 etc) extension won't work:
aunpack: foo: format not known, identifying using file aunpack: foo: format is `gzip' gzip: foo: unknown suffix -- ignored
This last error above is generated by gzip -d foo.
If you find a bug not listed here, please report it to <oskar@osk.mine.nu>.
The author of atool and this manual page is Oskar Liljeblad <oskar@osk.mine.nu>.
Copyright Â© 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 Oskar Liljeblad
TS-NODE(1)                        User Commands                       TS-NODE(1)
ts-node - execute JavaScript and TypeScript code
ts-node [options] [-e script] [arguments]
Runs the given script, either in a file or inlined with the -e switch, using Node.js or TypeScript.
-e, --eval [code] Evaluate code
-p, --print Print result of `--eval`
-r, --require [path] Require a node module before execution
-i, --interactive Opens the REPL even if stdin does not appear to be a terminal
-h, --help Print CLI usage
-v, --version Print module version information
-s, --script-mode Use cwd from <script.ts> instead of current directory
-T, --transpile-only Use TypeScript's faster `transpileModule`
-H, --compiler-host Use TypeScript's compiler host API
-I, --ignore [pattern] Override the path patterns to skip compilation
-P, --project [path] Path to TypeScript JSON project file
-C, --compiler [name] Specify a custom TypeScript compiler
-D, --ignore-diagnostics [code] Ignore TypeScript warnings by diagnostic code
-O, --compiler-options [opts] JSON object to merge with compiler options
--dir  Specify working directory for config resolution
--scope Scope compiler to files within `cwd` only
--files Load `files`, `include` and `exclude` from `tsconfig.json` on startup
--pretty Use pretty diagnostic formatter (usually enabled by default)
--skip-project Skip reading `tsconfig.json`
--skip-ignore Skip `--ignore` checks
--prefer-ts-exts Prefer importing TypeScript files over JavaScript files
--log-error Logs TypeScript errors to stderr instead of throwing exceptions
GIT-COUNT(1)                       Git Extras                       GIT-COUNT(1)
git-count - Show commit count
git-count [--all]
Show commit count.
Show commit count details.
Output commit total:
$ git count
total 1844
Output verbose commit count details:
$ git count --all
visionmedia (1285) Tj Holowaychuk (430) Aaron Heckmann (48) csausdev (34) ciaranj (26) Guillermo Rauch (6) Brian McKinney (2) Nick Poulden (2) Benny Wong (2) Justin Lilly (1) isaacs (1) Adam Sanderson (1) Viktor Kelemen (1) Gregory Ritter (1) Greg Ritter (1) ewoudj (1) James Herdman (1) Matt Colyer (1)
KOMPOSE(1)                   General Commands Manual                  KOMPOSE(1)
kompose - fullscreen task manager for KDE
kompose [--nosystray]  [--singleshot]
This manual page documents briefly the kompose command.  This manual page was written for the Debian distribution because the original program does not have a manual page.
komposé is a fullscreen task manager for KDE, similar to MacOS X's Exposé.
--nosystray Don't show the systray icon.
--singleshot Display the default view and exit (non daemon mode).
Author of komposé: Hans Oischinger <oisch@waidlafragger.de>
This manual page was written by Luis Mayoral <mayoral@linuxadicto.org>, for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by others).
mat2(1)                           User Commands                          mat2(1)
mat2 - the metadata anonymisation toolkit 2
mat2 [-h] [-v] [-l] [-V] [-s | -L] [files [files ...]]
mat2 removes metadata from various fileformats. It supports a wide variety of file formats, audio, office, images, â€¦
Careful, mat2 does not clean files in-place, instead, it will produce a file with the word "cleaned" between the filename and its extension, for example "filename.cleaned.png" for a file named "filename.png".
positional arguments: files  the files to process
-v, --version show program's version number and exit
-l, --list list all supported fileformats
--check-dependencies check if mat2 has all the dependencies it needs
-V, --verbose show more verbose status information
--unknown-members policy how to handle unknown members of archive-style files (policy should be one of: abort, omit, keep)
-s, --show list harmful metadata detectable by mat2 without removing them
-L, --lightweight remove SOME metadata
--no-sandbox disable bubblewrap's sandboxing
--inplace clean in place, without backup
To remove all the metadata from a PDF file:
mat2 ./myfile.pdf
While mat2 is doing its very best to display metadata when the --show flag is passed, it doesn't mean that a file is clean from any metadata if mat2 doesn't show any. There is no reliable way to detect every single possible metadata for complex file formats.
This is why you shouldn't rely on metadata's presence to decide if your file must be cleaned or not.
Moreover, mat2 goes to great lengths to make sure that as much metadata as possible are removed. This might sometimes result in a loss of quality of the processed files. For example, textual based pdf file converted into image based one means that it'll be no longer possible to select text in them. If you're experiencing this, you might want to give the lightweight cleaning mode a try, but keep in mind by doing so, some metadata won't be cleaned.
While mat2 does its very best to remove every single metadata, it's still in beta, and some might remain. Should you encounter some issues, check the bugtracker: https://0xacab.org/jvoisin/mat2/issues
Please use accordingly and be careful.
This software was made by Julien (jvoisin) Voisin with the support of the Tails project.
This software is released on LGPLv3.
exiftool(1p) pdf-redact-tools(1)
7za(1)                       General Commands Manual                      7za(1)
7za - A file archiver with highest compression ratio
7za [adeltux] [-] [SWITCH] <ARCHIVE_NAME> <ARGUMENTS>...
7-Zip is a file archiver with the highest compression ratio. The program supports 7z (that implements LZMA compression algorithm), ZIP, CAB, ARJ, GZIP, BZIP2, TAR, CPIO, RPM and DEB formats. Compression ratio in the new 7z format is 30-50% better than ratio in ZIP format.
7za is a stand-alone executable. 7za handles less archive formats than 7z, but does not need any others.
a      Add
d      Delete
e      Extract
l      List
t      Test
u      Update
x      eXtract with full paths
-ai[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Include archives
-ax[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} eXclude archives
-bd    Disable percentage indicator
-i[r[-|0]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Include filenames
-l     don't store symlinks; store the files/directories they point to (CAUTION : the scanning stage can never end because of recursive symlinks like 'ln -s .. ldir')
-m{Parameters} Set Compression Method (see /usr/share/doc/p7zip/DOC/MANUAL/cmdline/switches/method.htm for a list of methods)
-mhe=on|off 7z format only : enables or disables archive header encryption (Default : off)
-o{Directory} Set Output directory
-p{Password} Set Password
-r[-|0] Recurse subdirectories (CAUTION: this flag does not do what you think, avoid using it)
-sfx[{name}] Create SFX archive
-si    Read data from StdIn (eg: tar cf - directory | 7za a -si directory.tar.7z)
-so    Write data to StdOut (eg: % echo foo | 7z a dummy -tgzip -si -so > /dev/null)
-slt   Sets technical mode for l (list) command
-t{Type} Type of archive (7z, zip, gzip, bzip2, lzip or tar. 7z format is default)
-v{Size}[b|k|m|g] Create volumes
-u[-][p#][q#][r#][x#][y#][z#][!newArchiveName] Update options
-w[path] Set Working directory
-x[r[-|0]]]{@listfile|!wildcard} Exclude filenames
-y     Assume Yes on all queries
7-Zip returns the following exit codes:
0      Normal (no errors or warnings detected)
1      Warning (Non fatal error(s)). For example, some files cannot be read during compressing. So they were not compressed
2      Fatal error
7      Bad command line parameters
8      Not enough memory for operation
255    User stopped the process with control-C (or similar)
Backup and limitations DO NOT USE the 7-zip format for backup purpose on Linux/Unix because : - 7-zip does not store the owner/group of the file.