neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
Convert a directory of JPEG images into a PDF with printable A4 pages in landscape mode. On each page, the photo takes the maximum amount of space while preserving its aspect ratio and a print border of 2 cm on the top and bottom and 2.5 cm on the left and right hand side.
$ img2pdf --output out.pdf --pagesize A4^T --border 2cm:2.5cm *.jpg
On each A4 page, fit images into a 10 cm times 15 cm rectangle but keep the original image size if the image is smaller than that.
$ img2pdf --output out.pdf -S A4 --imgsize 10cmx15cm --fit shrink *.jpg
Prepare a directory of photos to be printed borderless on photo paper with a 3:2 aspect ratio and rotate each page so that its orientation is the same as the input image.
$ img2pdf --output out.pdf --pagesize 15cmx10cm --auto-orient *.jpg
Encode a grayscale JPEG2000 image. The colorspace has to be forced as img2pdf cannot read it from the JPEG2000 file automatically.
$ img2pdf --output out.pdf --colorspace L input.jp2
Written by Johannes 'josch' Schauer <josch@mister-muffin.de>
Report bugs at https://gitlab.mister-muffin.de/josch/img2pdf/issues
LZ4(1)                            User Commands                           LZ4(1)
lz4 - lz4, unlz4, lz4cat - Compress or decompress .lz4 files
lz4 [OPTIONS] [-|INPUT-FILE] OUTPUT-FILE
unlz4 is equivalent to lz4 -d
lz4cat is equivalent to lz4 -dcfm
When writing scripts that need to decompress files, it is recommended to always use the name lz4 with appropriate arguments (lz4 -d or lz4 -dc) instead of the names unlz4 and lz4cat.
lz4 is an extremely fast lossless compression algorithm, based on byte-aligned LZ77 family of compression scheme. lz4 offers compression speeds of 400 MB/s per core, linearly scalable with multi-core CPUs. It features an extremely fast decoder, with speed in multiple GB/s per core, typically reaching RAM speed limit on multi-core systems. The native file format is the .lz4 format.
Difference between lz4 and gzip lz4 supports a command line syntax similar but not identical to gzip(1). Differences are :
•   lz4 compresses a single file by default (see -m for multiple files)
•   lz4 file1 file2 means : compress file1 into file2
•   lz4 file.lz4 will default to decompression (use -z to force compression)
•   lz4 preserves original files
•   lz4 shows real-time notification statistics during compression or decompression of a single file (use -q to silence them)
•   When no destination is specified, result is sent on implicit output, which depends on stdout status. When stdout is Not the console, it becomes the implicit output. Otherwise, if stdout is the console, the implicit output is filename.lz4.
•   It is considered bad practice to rely on implicit output in scripts. because the script´s environment may change. Always use explicit output in scripts. -c ensures that output will be stdout. Conversely, providing a destination name, or using -m ensures that the output will be either the specified name, or filename.lz4 respectively.
Default behaviors can be modified by opt-in commands, detailed below.
•   lz4 -m makes it possible to provide multiple input filenames, which will be compressed into files using suffix .lz4. Progress notifications become disabled by default (use -v to enable them). This mode has a behavior which more closely mimics gzip command line, with the main remaining difference being that source files are preserved by default.
•   Similarly, lz4 -m -d can decompress multiple *.lz4 files.
•   It´s possible to opt-in to erase source files on successful compression or decompression, using --rm command.
•   Consequently, lz4 -m --rm behaves the same as gzip.
Concatenation of .lz4 files It is possible to concatenate .lz4 files as is. lz4 will decompress such files as if they were a single .lz4 file. For example:
lz4 file1  > foo.lz4 lz4 file2 >> foo.lz4
Then lz4cat foo.lz4 is equivalent to cat file1 file2.
Short commands concatenation In some cases, some options can be expressed using short command -x or long command --long-word. Short commands can be concatenated together. For example, -d -c is equivalent to -dc. Long commands cannot be concatenated. They must be clearly separated by a space.
Multiple commands When multiple contradictory commands are issued on a same command line, only the latest one will be applied.
Operation mode -z --compress Compress. This is the default operation mode when no operation mode option is specified, no other operation mode is implied from the command name (for example, unlz4 implies --decompress), nor from the input file name (for example, a file extension .lz4 implies --decompress by default). -z can also be used to force compression of an already compressed .lz4 file.
-d --decompress --uncompress Decompress. --decompress is also the default operation when the input filename has an .lz4 extension.
-t --test Test the integrity of compressed .lz4 files. The decompressed data is discarded. No files are created nor removed.
-b#    Benchmark mode, using # compression level.
--list List information about .lz4 files. note : current implementation is limited to single-frame .lz4 files.
Operation modifiers -#     Compression level, with # being any value from 1 to 12. Higher values trade compression speed for compression ratio. Values above 12 are considered the same as 12. Recommended values are 1 for fast compression (default), and 9 for high compression. Speed/compression trade-off will vary depending on data to compress. Decompression speed remains fast at all settings.
--fast[=#] Switch to ultra-fast compression levels. The higher the value, the faster the compression speed, at the cost of some compression ratio. If =# is not present, it defaults to 1. This setting overrides compression level if one was set previously. Similarly, if a compression level is set after --fast, it overrides it.
--best Set highest compression level. Same as -12.
--favor-decSpeed Generate compressed data optimized for decompression speed. Compressed data will be larger as a consequence (typically by ~0.5%), while decompression speed will be improved by 5-20%, depending on use cases. This option only works in combination with very high compression levels (>=10).
-D dictionaryName Compress, decompress or benchmark using dictionary dictionaryName. Compression and decompression must use the same dictionary to be compatible. Using a different dictionary during decompression will either abort due to decompression error, or generate a checksum error.
-f --[no-]force This option has several effects:
If the target file already exists, overwrite it without prompting.
When used with --decompress and lz4 cannot recognize the type of the source file, copy the source file as is to standard output. This allows lz4cat --force to be used like cat (1) for files that have not been compressed with lz4.
-c --stdout --to-stdout Force write to standard output, even if it is the console.
-m --multiple Multiple input files. Compressed file names will be appended a .lz4 suffix. This mode also reduces notification level. Can also be used to list multiple files. lz4 -m has a behavior equivalent to gzip -k (it preserves source files by default).
-r     operate recursively on directories. This mode also sets -m (multiple input files).
-B#    Block size [4-7](default : 7) -B4= 64KB ; -B5= 256KB ; -B6= 1MB ; -B7= 4MB
-BI    Produce independent blocks (default)
-BD    Blocks depend on predecessors (improves compression ratio, more noticeable on small blocks)
--[no-]frame-crc Select frame checksum (default:enabled)
--[no-]content-size Header includes original size (default:not present) Note : this option can only be activated when the original size can be determined, hence for a file. It won´t work with unknown source size, such as stdin or pipe.
--[no-]sparse Sparse mode support (default:enabled on file, disabled on stdout)
-l     Use Legacy format (typically for Linux Kernel compression) Note : -l is not compatible with -m (--multiple) nor -r
Other options -v --verbose Verbose mode
-q --quiet Suppress warnings and real-time statistics; specify twice to suppress errors too
-h -H --help Display help/long help and exit
-V --version Display Version number and exit
-k --keep Preserve source files (default behavior)
--rm   Delete source files on successful compression or decompression
--     Treat all subsequent arguments as files
Benchmark mode -b#    Benchmark file(s), using # compression level
-e#    Benchmark multiple compression levels, from b# to e# (included)
-i#    Minimum evaluation time in seconds [1-9] (default : 3)
Report bugs at: https://github.com/lz4/lz4/issues
xpdf(1)                      General Commands Manual                     xpdf(1)
xpdf - Portable Document Format (PDF) file viewer (version 4.03)
xpdf [options] [PDF-file [:page | +dest]] ...
xpdf [options] -remote remote-name [command ...]
xpdf [options] -open [PDF-file]
Xpdf is a viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF) files.  (These are also sometimes also called ´Acrobat' files, from the name of Adobe's PDF software.)  Xpdf uses the Qt GUI toolkit and runs on Unix, OS X, and Windows.
To run xpdf, type:
xpdf file.pdf
where file.pdf is your PDF file.  The file name can be followed by a page number to be displayed, prefixed with a colon:
xpdf file.pdf :18
or by a named destination, prefixed with ´+' (this is only useful with PDF files that provide named destination targets):
xpdf file.pdf +destinationA
If you specify multiple files, they will each be opened in a separate tab:
xpdf file1.pdf file2.pdf :18 file3.pdf
You can also start xpdf without opening any files:
Xpdf reads a configuration file at startup.  It first tries to find the user's private config file, ~/.xpdfrc.  If that doesn't exist, it looks for a system-wide config file, typically /usr/local/etc/xpdfrc (but this location can be changed when xpdf is built).  See the xpdfrc(5) man page for details.
The following command line options are available.  All command line options must come before any PDF files to be opened.
Many of the options can be set with configuration file commands.  These are listed in square brackets with the description of the corresponding command line option.
-geometry geometry Set the initial window geometry.
-title title Set the window title.  By default, the title will be "xpdf: foo.pdf".
-open [PDF-file] This option sets up a default remote server.  If Xpdf is already running (with the "-open" switch), the PDF file (if any) is opened in a new tab.  If Xpdf (with the "-open" switch) is not already running, starts Xpdf and opens the PDF file (if any).  This is useful for GUI desktop environments, e.g., the typical double- click on a PDF file case.
-rv    Set reverse video mode.  This reverses the colors of everything except images.  It may not always produce great results for PDF files which do weird things with color.  This also causes the paper color to default to black.
-papercolor color Set the "paper color", i.e., the background of the page display. The color can be #RRGGBB (hexadecimal) or a named color.  This option will not work well with PDF files that do things like filling in white behind the text.  [config file: paperColor]
-mattecolor color Set the matte color, i.e., the color used for background outside the actual page area.  The color can be #RRGGBB (hexadecimal) or a named color.  [config file: matteColor]
-fsmattecolor color Set the matte color for full-screen mode.  The color can be #RRGGBB (hexadecimal) or a named color.  [config file: fullScreenMatteColor]
-z zoom Set the initial zoom factor.  A number specifies a zoom percentage, where 100 means 72 dpi.  You may also specify ´page', to fit the page to the window size, or ´width', to fit the page width to the window width.  [config file: initialZoom]
-rot angle Rotate pages by 0 (the default), 90, 180, or 270 degrees.
-aa yes | no Enable or disable font anti-aliasing.  This defaults to "yes". [config file: antialias]
-aaVector yes | no Enable or disable vector anti-aliasing.  This defaults to "yes". [config file: vectorAntialias]
-enc encoding-name Sets the encoding to use for text output.  The encoding-name must be defined with the unicodeMap command (see xpdfrc(5)).  This defaults to "Latin1" (which is a built-in encoding).  [config file: textEncoding]
-pw password Specify the password for the PDF file.  This can be either the owner password (which will bypass all security restrictions) or the user password.
-fullscreen Open xpdf in full-screen mode, useful for presentations.
-remote remote-name Start Xpdf in remote server mode.  See the REMOVE SERVER MODE section.
-display display Set the X display (only available with X11).
-cmd   Print commands as they're executed (useful for debugging). [config file: printCommands]
-tabstate tabstate-file Sets the file used by the loadTabState and saveTabState commands. [config file: tabStateFile]
-cfg config-file Read config-file in place of ~/.xpdfrc or the system-wide config file.
Toolbar toggle sidebar button Toggles (i.e., shows or hides) the sidebar.
status indicator This icon is animated while Xpdf is rendering a page.  It turns red when an error or warning has been issued.  Clicking on it opens the error dialog.
selection mode This icon is an "I-beam" in linear selection mode, and an arrow in block selection mode.  Clicking on it toggles between the two selection modes.
page number entry box Move to a specific page number.  Click in the box to activate it, type the page number, then hit return.  This will instead display and accept page labels, if the "view - page labels" menu item is checked.
left/right arrow buttons Go backward or forward along the history path.
zoom out/in buttons Zoom out or in (i.e., change magnification) incrementally.
zoom popup menu Change the zoom factor (see the description of the -z option above).
fit width button Change the zoom factor to fit the page width to the window width.
fit page button Change the zoom factor to fit the page to the window size.
find entry box Find a text string.  Click in the box to activate it, type a search string, then hit return.
find next button Find the next occurrence of the search string.
find previous button Find the previous occurrence of the search string.
find settings button Display the current find settings: case sensitive (on/off), find whole words (on/off).
Menu bar The menu bar is above the toolbar.  The menu items should be self- explanatory.
Tab list The tab list is on the left, just below the toolbar.  It lists all open tabs.
Outline/layers/attachments pane This pane is on the left, below the tab list.  The popup allows you to select from outline, layers, or attachments.
The outline is a tree-like structure of bookmarks that allows moving within the PDF file.  Not all PDF files have outlines.
Layers (a.k.a. optional content) allow parts of the PDF content to be shown or hidden.  Not all PDF files have layers.
Attachments are other files embedded within the PDF file.  There is a 'save' button for each attached file.  Not all PDF files have attachments.
Text selection In block selection mode, dragging the mouse with the left button held down will highlight an arbitrary rectangle.  Shift-clicking will extend the selection.
In linear selection mode, dragging with the left button will highlight text in reading order.  Double-clicking or triple-clicking will select a word or a line, respectively.  Shift-clicking will extend the selection.
Selected text can be copied to the clipboard (with the edit/copy menu item).  On X11, selected text will be available in the X selection buffer.
Links When the mouse is over a hyperlink, the link target will be shown in a popup near the bottom of the window.
Clicking on a hyperlink will jump to the link's destination.  A link to another PDF document will make xpdf load that document.  A ´launch' link to an executable program will display a dialog, and if you click ´ok', execute the program.  URL links are opened in a system-dependent way. (On UNIX, Qt uses the $BROWSER environment variable.)
Mouse bindings The left mouse button is used to select text (see above).
Clicking on a link with the middle button opens the link in a new tab.
Dragging the mouse with the middle button held down pans the window.
The right mouse button opens a popup menu (see popupMenuCmd in xpdfrc(5)).
Key bindings This section lists the default key bindings.  Bindings can be changed using the config file (see xpdfrc(5)).
control-o Open a new PDF file via a file requester.
control-r Reload the current PDF file.  Note that Xpdf will reload the file automatically (on a page change or redraw) if it has changed since it was last loaded.
control-f Find a text string.  This sets keyboard focus to the ´find' box.
control-G Find next occurrence.
control-C Copy selected text to the clipboard.
control-P Print.
control-0 (control-zero) Set the zoom factor to 125%.
control-+ (control-plus) Zoom in (increment the zoom factor by 1).
control-- (control-minus) Zoom out (decrement the zoom factor by 1).
control-s Save PDF via a file requester.
control-t Open a new tab.
control-n Open a new window.
control-w Close the current tab.  Closes the window if this was the last open tab.  Quits the application if this was the last open window.
control-l Toggle between full-screen and window modes.
control-q Quit.
control-<tab> Next tab.
control-shift-<tab> Previous tab.
control-? Help.
alt-<left-arrow> Go backward along the history path.
alt-<right-arrow> Go forward along the history path.
home   Go to the top left of current page.
control-<home> Go to the first page.
end    Go to the bottom right of current page.
control-<end> Go to the last page.
<space> or <PageDown> Scroll down on the current page; if already at bottom, move to next page.
control-<PageDown> or control-<down-arrow> Go to the next page.  If <ScrollLock> is active, this maintains the relative position on the page.
<PageUp> Scroll up on the current page; if already at top, move to previous page.
control-<PageUp> or control-<up-arrow> Go to the previous page.  If <ScrollLock> is active, this maintains the relative position on the page.
<esc>  Exit full-screen mode.
arrows Scroll the current page.
g      Set keyboard focus to the page number entry box.
z      Set the zoom factor to ´page' (fit page to window).
w      Set the zoom factor to ´width' (fit page width to window).
Full-screen mode Xpdf can be placed into full-screen mode via the -fullscreen command line option, the ´full screen' menu item, or a binding to the fullScreenMode or toggleFullScreenMode command.
Entering full-screen mode automatically switches to single-page view mode and to the fit-page zoom factor.
Full-screen mode can be exited via the default <esc> key binding, or via a binding to the windowMode or toggleFullScreenModecommand.
Xpdf's key and mouse bindings are user-configurable, using the bind and unbind commands in the config file (see xpdfrc(5)).  The bind command allows you to bind a key or mouse button to a sequence of one or more commands.
In commands that take arguments (inside parentheses), special characters (namely '(', ')', ',', and '\x01') can be escaped by preceding them with a '\x01' character.  This is mostly useful in things like scripts that need to be able to open arbitrary PDF files, using the ´openFile' command.
about  Open the ´about' dialog.
blockSelectMode Set block selection mode.  In this mode, the selection is a simple rectangle.  Any part of the page can be selected, regardless of the content on the page.
checkOpenFile(file) Check that file is open in the current tab, and open it if not.
checkOpenFileAtDest(file,dest) Check that file is open in the current tab, and open it if not. In either case go to the specified named destination.
checkOpenFileAtPage(file,page) Check that file is open in the current tab, and open it if not. In either case go to the specified page.
closeSidebar Close the sidebar.
closeSidebarMoveResizeWin Close the sidebar, resizing the window so that the document size doesn't change, and moving the window so that the document stays in the same place on the screen.
closeSidebarResizeWin Close the sidebar, resizing the window so that the document size doesn't change.
closeTabOrQuit Close the tab.  If this was the last open tab, close the window. If this was the last window open, quit.
closeWindowOrQuit Close the window.  If this was the last open window, quit.
continuousMode Switch to continuous view mode.
copy   Copy selected text to the clipboard.
copyLinkTarget Copy the target of the link under the mouse cursor to the clipboard.
endPan End a pan operation.
endSelection End a selection.
expandSidebar(n) Expand the sidebar by n pixels.  Opens the sidebar if it is currently closed.
find   Set keyboard focus to the ´find' box.
findFirst Find the first occurrence of the search string.
findNext Find the next occurrence of the search string.
findPrevious Find the previous occurrence of the search string.
focusToDocWin Set keyboard focus to the main document window.
focusToPageNum Set keyboard focus to the page number text box.
followLink Follow a hyperlink (does nothing if the mouse is not over a link).
followLinkInNewTab Follow a hyperlink, opening PDF files in a new tab (does nothing if the mouse is not over a link).  For links to non-PDF files, this command is identical to followLink.
followLinkInNewTabNoSel Same as followLinkInNewTab, but does nothing if there is a non- empty selection.  (This is useful as a mouse button binding.)
followLinkInNewWin Follow a hyperlink, opening PDF files in a new window (does nothing if the mouse is not over a link).  For links to non-PDF files, this command is identical to followLink.
followLinkInNewWinNoSel Same as followLinkInNewWin, but does nothing if there is a non- empty selection.  (This is useful as a mouse button binding.)
followLinkNoSel Same as followLink, but does nothing if there is a non-empty selection.  (This is useful as a mouse button binding.)
fullScreenMode Go to full-screen mode.
goBackward Move backward along the history path.
goForward Move forward along the history path.
gotoDest(dest) Go to a named destination.
gotoLastPage Go to the last page in the PDF file.
gotoPage(page) Go to the specified page.
help   Open the help URL.
hideToolbar Hide the toolbar.
horizontalContinuousMode Switch to horizontal continuous view mode.
linearSelectMode Set linear selection mode.  In this mode, the selection follows text.  Non-text regions cannot be selected.
loadTabState Load the tab state file (which was written via the saveTabState command), and restore the tabs listed in that file.  The path for the tab state file is specified with the tabStateFile setting (see xpdfrc(5)).
newTab Open an empty new tab.
newWindow Open an empty new window.
nextPage Go to the next page.
nextPageNoScroll Go to the next page, with the current relative scroll position.
nextTab Switch to the next tab.
open   Open a PDF file in the current tab, using the open dialog.
openErrorWindow Open the error window.
openFile(file) Open the specified file in the current tab.
openFileAtDest(file,dest) Open the specified file in the current tab at the specified named destination.
openFileAtDestIn(file,dest,location) Open the specified file at the specified named destination. Location must be "win" for a new window or "tab" for a new tab.
openFileAtPage(file,page) Open the specified file in the current tab at the specified page.
openFileAtPageIn(file,page,location) Open the specified file at the specified page.  Location must be "win" for a new window or "tab" for a new tab.
openFileIn(file,location) Open the specified file.  Location must be "win" for a new window or "tab" for a new tab.
openIn(location) Open a PDF file, using the open dialog.  Location must be "win" for a new window or "tab" for a new tab.
openSidebar Open the sidebar.
openSidebarMoveResizeWin Open the sidebar, resizing the window so that the document size doesn't change, and moving the window so that the document stays in the same place on the screen.
openSidebarResizeWin Open the sidebar, resizing the window so that the document size doesn't change.
pageDown Scroll down by one screenful.
pageUp Scroll up by one screenful.
postPopupMenu Display the popup menu.
prevPage Go to the previous page.
prevPageNoScroll Go to the previous page, with the current relative scroll position.
prevTab Switch to the previous tab.
print  Open the ´print' dialog.
quit   Quit from xpdf.
raise  Bring the xpdf window to the front.
reload Reload the current PDF file.
rotateCCW Rotate the page 90 degrees counterclockwise.
rotateCW Rotate the page 90 degrees clockwise.
run(external-command-string) Run an external command.  The following escapes are allowed in the command string:
%f => PDF file name (or an empty string if no file is open) %b => PDF file base name, i.e., file name minus the extension (or an empty string if no file is open) %u => link URL (or an empty string if not over a URL link) %p => current page number (or an empty string if no file is open) %x => selection upper-left x coordinate (or 0 if there is no selection) %y => selection upper-left y coordinate (or 0 if there is no selection) %X => selection lower-right x coordinate (or 0 if there is no selection) %Y => selection lower-right y coordinate (or 0 if there is no selection) %i => page containing the mouse pointer %j => x coordinate of the mouse pointer %k => y coordinate of the mouse pointer %% => %
The external command string will often contain spaces, so the whole command must be quoted in the xpdfrc file:
bind x "run(ls -l)"
The command string may not be run through a shell.  It is recommended to keep the command simple, so that it doesn't depend on specific shell functionality.  For complex things, you can have the command string run a shell script.
saveAs Save PDF via a file requester.
saveImage Open the ´save image' dialog.
saveTabState Save a list of all tabs open in this window to the tab state file. For each tab, this writes the PDF file name and page number (on separate lines).  This file can be loaded later with the loadTabState command.  The path for the tab state file is specified with the tabStateFile setting (see xpdfrc(5)).
scrollDown(n) Scroll down by n pixels.
scrollDownNextPage(n) Scroll down by n pixels, moving to the next page if appropriate.
scrollLeft(n) Scroll left by n pixels.
scrollOutlineDown(n) Scroll the outline down by n increments.
scrollOutlineUp(n) Scroll the outline up by n increments.
scrollRight(n) Scroll right by n pixels.
scrollToBottomEdge Scroll to the bottom edge of the last displayed page, with no horizontal movement.
scrollToBottomRight Scroll to the bottom-right corner of the last displayed page.
scrollToLeftEdge Scroll to the left edge of the current page, with no vertical movement.
scrollToRightEdge Scroll to the right edge of the current page, with no vertical movement.
scrollToTopEdge Scroll to the top edge of the first displayed page, with no horizontal movement.
scrollToTopLeft Scroll to the top-left corner of the first displayed page.
scrollUp(n) Scroll up by n pixels.
scrollUpPrevPage(n) Scroll up by n pixels, moving to the previous page if appropriate.
selectLine Set the selection to the line at the current mouse position.
selectWord Set the selection to the word at the current mouse position.
setSelection(pg,ulx,uly,lrx,lry) Set the selection to the specified coordinates on the specified page.
showKeyBindings Open the key bindings dialog.
showToolbar Show the toolbar.
shrinkSidebar(n) Shrink the sidebar by n pixels.  Closes the sidebar if shrinking it would go below the minimum allowed side.
sideBySideContinuousMode Switch to side-by-side continuous view mode.
sideBySideSingleMode Switch to side-by-side two-page view mode.
singlePageMode Switch to single-page view mode.
startExtendedSelection Extend the selection to the current mouse position, and continue extending as the mouse moves.
startPan Start a pan operation at the current mouse position, which will scroll the document as the mouse moves.
startSelection Start a selection at the current mouse position, which will be extended as the mouse moves.
toggleContinuousMode Toggle between continuous and single page view modes.
toggleFullScreenMode Toggle between full-screen and window modes.
toggleSelectMode Toggle between block and linear selection mode.
toggleSidebar Toggle the sidebar between open and closed.
toggleSidebarMoveResizeWin Toggle the sidebar between open and closed, resizing the window so that the document size doesn't change, and moving the window so that the document stays in the same place on the screen.
toggleSidebarResizeWin Toggle the sidebar between open and closed, resizing the window so that the document size doesn't change.
toggleToolbar Toggle the toolbar between shown and hidden.
viewPageLabels Show page labels (if the PDF file has them), rather than page numbers.
viewPageNumbers Show page numbers, rather than page labels.
windowMode Go to window (non-full-screen) mode.
zoomFitPage Set the zoom factor to fit-page.
zoomFitWidth Set the zoom factor to fit-width.
zoomIn Zoom in - go to the next higher zoom factor.
zoomOut Zoom out - go the next lower zoom factor.
zoomPercent(z) Set the zoom factor to z%.
zoomToSelection Zoom to the current selection.
Starting xpdf with the "-remote" switch puts it into remote server mode. All remaining command line options are commands (see the COMMANDS section).  Subsequent invocations of "xpdf -remote" with the same remote server name will send commands to the already-running instance of xpdf. The "checkOpenFile" commands are useful here for things like changing pages.  For example:
# Start up xpdf, and open something.pdf. xpdf -remote foo 'openFile(something.pdf)'
# Switch to page 7 in the already-open something.pdf.  If the user # has closed xpdf in the meantime, this will restart it and reopen # the file. xpdf -remote foo 'checkOpenFileAtPage(something.pdf, 7)'
The xpdf software and documentation are copyright 1996-2021 Glyph & Cog, LLC.
pdftops(1), pdftotext(1), pdftohtml(1), pdfinfo(1), pdffonts(1), pdfdetach(1), pdftoppm(1), pdftopng(1), pdfimages(1), xpdfrc(5) http://www.xpdfreader.com/
WORMHOLE(1)                       User Commands                      WORMHOLE(1)
wormhole - Securely and simply transfer data between computers
wormhole [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
Create a Magic Wormhole and communicate through it.
Wormholes are created by speaking the same magic CODE in two different places at the same time.  Wormholes are secure against anyone who doesn't use the same code.
--relay-url URL rendezvous relay to use
--transit-helper tcp:HOST:PORT transit relay to use
--dump-timing FILE.json (debug) write timing data to file
Commands: receive Receive a text message, file, or directory...
send   Send a text message, file, or directory
wormhole-server(8)
Brian Warner <warner-magic-wormhole@lothar.com>
This manual was written by Jameson Rollins <jrollins@finestructure.net> for the Debian project (and may be used by others).
BUNDLE(1)                                                              BUNDLE(1)
bundle - Ruby Dependency Management
bundle COMMAND [--no-color] [--verbose] [ARGS]
Bundler manages an application´s dependencies through its entire life across many machines systematically and repeatably.
See the bundler website https://bundler.io for information on getting started, and Gemfile(5) for more information on the Gemfile format.
--no-color Print all output without color
--retry, -r Specify the number of times you wish to attempt network commands
--verbose, -V Print out additional logging information
We divide bundle subcommands into primary commands and utilities:
bundle install(1) bundle-install.1.html Install the gems specified by the Gemfile or Gemfile.lock
bundle update(1) bundle-update.1.html Update dependencies to their latest versions
bundle package(1) bundle-package.1.html Package the .gem files required by your application into the vendor/cache directory
bundle exec(1) bundle-exec.1.html Execute a script in the current bundle
bundle config(1) bundle-config.1.html Specify and read configuration options for Bundler
bundle help(1) Display detailed help for each subcommand
bundle add(1) bundle-add.1.html Add the named gem to the Gemfile and run bundle install
bundle binstubs(1) bundle-binstubs.1.html Generate binstubs for executables in a gem
bundle check(1) bundle-check.1.html Determine whether the requirements for your application are installed and available to Bundler
bundle show(1) bundle-show.1.html Show the source location of a particular gem in the bundle
bundle outdated(1) bundle-outdated.1.html Show all of the outdated gems in the current bundle
bundle console(1) Start an IRB session in the current bundle
bundle open(1) bundle-open.1.html Open an installed gem in the editor
bundle lock(1) bundle-lock.1.html Generate a lockfile for your dependencies
bundle viz(1) bundle-viz.1.html Generate a visual representation of your dependencies
bundle init(1) bundle-init.1.html Generate a simple Gemfile, placed in the current directory
bundle gem(1) bundle-gem.1.html Create a simple gem, suitable for development with Bundler
bundle platform(1) bundle-platform.1.html Display platform compatibility information
bundle clean(1) bundle-clean.1.html Clean up unused gems in your Bundler directory
bundle doctor(1) bundle-doctor.1.html Display warnings about common problems
bundle remove(1) bundle-remove.1.html Removes gems from the Gemfile
When running a command that isn´t listed in PRIMARY COMMANDS or UTILITIES, Bundler will try to find an executable on your path named bundler-<command> and execute it, passing down any extra arguments to it.
These commands are obsolete and should no longer be used:
•   bundle cache(1)
•   bundle show(1)
I3(1)                               i3 Manual                              I3(1)
i3 - an improved dynamic, tiling window manager
i3 [-a] [-c configfile] [-C] [-d all] [-v] [-V]
-a Disables autostart.
-c Specifies an alternate configuration file path.
-C Check the configuration file for validity and exit.
-d all Enables debug logging. The all parameter is present for historical reasons.
-v Display version number (and date of the last commit).
-V Be verbose.
--force-xinerama Use Xinerama instead of RandR. This option should only be used if you are stuck with the old nVidia closed source driver (older than 302.17) which does not support RandR.
--get-socketpath Retrieve the i3 IPC socket path from X11, print it, then exit.
--shmlog-size <limit> Limits the size of the i3 SHM log to <limit> bytes. Setting this to 0 disables SHM logging entirely. The default is 0 bytes.
--replace Replace an existing window manager.
INTRODUCTION i3 was created because wmii, our favorite window manager at the time, didn’t provide some features we wanted (multi-monitor done right, for example), had some bugs, didn’t progress since quite some time and wasn’t easy to hack at all (source code comments/documentation completely lacking). Still, we think the wmii developers and contributors did a great job. Thank you for inspiring us to create i3.
Please be aware that i3 is primarily targeted at advanced users and developers.
IMPORTANT NOTE TO nVidia BINARY DRIVER USERS If you are using the nVidia binary graphics driver (also known as blob) before version 302.17, you need to use the --force-xinerama flag (in your ~/.xsession) when starting i3, like so:
exec i3 --force-xinerama -V >>~/.i3/i3log 2>&1
See also docs/multi-monitor for the full explanation.
TERMINOLOGY Tree i3 keeps your layout in a tree data structure.
Window An X11 window, like the Firefox browser window or a terminal emulator.
Floating Window A window which "floats" on top of other windows. This style is used by i3 to display X11 windows with type "dialog", such as the "Print" or "Open File" dialog boxes in many GUI applications. Use of floating windows can be fine-tuned with the for_window command (see HTML userguide).
Split container A split container contains multiple other split containers or windows.
Containers can be used in various layouts. The default mode is called "default" and just resizes each client equally so that it fits.
Workspace A workspace is a set of containers. Other window managers call this "Virtual Desktops".
In i3, each workspace is assigned to a specific virtual screen. By default, screen 1 has workspace 1, screen 2 has workspace 2 and so on... However, when you create a new workspace (by simply switching to it), it’ll be assigned the screen you are currently on.
Output Using XRandR, you can have an X11 screen spanning multiple real monitors. Furthermore, you can set them up in cloning mode or with positions (monitor 1 is left of monitor 2).
i3 uses the RandR API to query which outputs are available and which screens are connected to these outputs.
Here is a short overview of the default keybindings:
Mod1+Enter Open a new terminal emulator window.
Mod1+d Open dmenu for starting any application by typing (part of) its name.
j/k/l/; Direction keys (left, down, up, right). They are on your homerow (see the mark on your "j" key). Alternatively, you can use the cursor keys.
Mod1+<direction> Focus window in <direction>.
Mod1+Shift+<direction> Move window to <direction>.
Mod1+<number> Switch to workspace <number>.
Mod1+Shift+<number> Move window to workspace <number>.
Mod1+f Toggle fullscreen mode.
Mod1+s Enable stacking layout for the current container.
Mod1+e Enable default layout for the current container.
Mod1+w Enable tabbed layout for the current container.
Mod1+Shift+Space Toggle tiling/floating for the current container.
Mod1+Space Select the first tiling container if the current container is floating and vice-versa.
Mod1+Shift+q Kills the current window. This is equivalent to "clicking on the close button", meaning a polite request to the application to close this window. For example, Firefox will save its session upon such a request. If the application does not support that, the window will be killed and it depends on the application what happens.
Mod1+Shift+r Restarts i3 in place. Your layout will be preserved.
Mod1+Shift+e Exits i3.
~/.config/i3/config (or ~/.i3/config) When starting, i3 looks for configuration files in the following order:
1. ~/.config/i3/config (or $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/i3/config if set)
2. ~/.i3/config
3. /etc/xdg/i3/config (or $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS/i3/config if set)
4. /etc/i3/config
You can specify a custom path using the -c option.
# i3 config file (v4)
# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font # is used in the bar {} block below. # This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left # text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango). font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8 # Before i3 v4.8, we used to recommend this one as the default: # font -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--13-120-75-75-C-70-iso10646-1 # The font above is very space-efficient, that is, it looks good, sharp and # clear in small sizes. However, its unicode glyph coverage is limited, the old # X core fonts rendering does not support right-to-left and this being a bitmap # font, it doesn’t scale on retina/hidpi displays.
# use Mouse+Mod1 to drag floating windows to their wanted position floating_modifier Mod1
# start a terminal bindsym Mod1+Return exec /usr/bin/urxvt
# kill focused window bindsym Mod1+Shift+q kill
# start dmenu (a program launcher) bindsym Mod1+d exec /usr/bin/dmenu_run
# change focus bindsym Mod1+j focus left bindsym Mod1+k focus down bindsym Mod1+l focus up bindsym Mod1+semicolon focus right
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys: bindsym Mod1+Left focus left bindsym Mod1+Down focus down bindsym Mod1+Up focus up bindsym Mod1+Right focus right
# move focused window bindsym Mod1+Shift+j move left bindsym Mod1+Shift+k move down bindsym Mod1+Shift+l move up bindsym Mod1+Shift+semicolon move right
# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys: bindsym Mod1+Shift+Left move left bindsym Mod1+Shift+Down move down bindsym Mod1+Shift+Up move up bindsym Mod1+Shift+Right move right
# split in horizontal orientation bindsym Mod1+h split h
# split in vertical orientation bindsym Mod1+v split v
# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container bindsym Mod1+f fullscreen toggle
# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, default) bindsym Mod1+s layout stacking bindsym Mod1+w layout tabbed bindsym Mod1+e layout default
# toggle tiling / floating bindsym Mod1+Shift+space floating toggle
# change focus between tiling / floating windows bindsym Mod1+space focus mode_toggle
# focus the parent container bindsym Mod1+a focus parent
# focus the child container #bindsym Mod1+d focus child
# switch to workspace bindsym Mod1+1 workspace 1 bindsym Mod1+2 workspace 2 # ..
# move focused container to workspace bindsym Mod1+Shift+1 move workspace 1 bindsym Mod1+Shift+2 move workspace 2 # ...
# reload the configuration file bindsym Mod1+Shift+c reload # restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3) bindsym Mod1+Shift+r restart # exit i3 (logs you out of your X session) bindsym Mod1+Shift+e exit
# display workspace buttons plus a statusline generated by i3status bar { status_command i3status }
~/.xsession This file is where you should configure your locales and start i3. It is run by your login manager (xdm, slim, gdm, ...) as soon as you login.
Sample xsession.
# Disable DPMS turning off the screen xset -dpms xset s off
# Disable bell xset -b
# Enable zapping (C-A-<Bksp> kills X) setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
# Enforce correct locales from the beginning: # LC_ALL is unset since it overwrites everything # LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 is used, except for: # LC_MESSAGES=C never translates program output # LC_TIME=en_DK leads to yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm date/time output unset LC_ALL export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 export LC_MESSAGES=C export LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8
# Use XToolkit in java applications export AWT_TOOLKIT=XToolkit
# Set background color xsetroot -solid "#333333"
# Enable core dumps in case something goes wrong ulimit -c unlimited
# Start i3 and log to ~/.i3/logfile echo "Starting at $(date)" >> ~/.i3/logfile exec /usr/bin/i3 -V -d all >> ~/.i3/logfile
I3SOCK This variable overwrites the IPC socket path (placed in /tmp/i3-%u.XXXXXX/ipc-socket.%p by default, where %u is replaced with your UNIX username, %p is replaced with i3’s PID and XXXXXX is a string of random characters from the portable filename character set (see mkdtemp(3))). The IPC socket is used by external programs like i3-msg(1) or i3bar(1).
There is still lot of work to do. Please check our bugtracker for up-to-date information about tasks which are still not finished.
You should have a copy of the userguide (featuring nice screenshots/graphics which is why this is not integrated into this manpage), the debugging guide, and the "how to hack" guide. If you are building from source, run: make -C docs
You can also access these documents online at https://i3wm.org/
i3-input(1), i3-msg(1), i3bar(1), i3-nagbar(1), i3-config-wizard(1), i3-migrate-config-to-v4(1)
Michael Stapelberg and contributors
R(1)                              User Commands                             R(1)
r - Provides hash-bang (#!) capability for R (www.r-project.org)
r [options] [-|file] [R arguments]
Launches GNU R to execute the specified file containing R commands, or takes commands from stdin if '-' is used to denote stdin, using the specified options. This makes it suitable to create R scripts via the so-called shebang '#!/' line. The optional R arguments are stored in the R vector argv.
-h, --help Display a short help list.
-V, --version Show the version number.
-v, --vanilla Pass the '--vanilla' option to R.
-t, --rtemp Use a per-session temporary directory as R does.
-i, --interactive Force 'interactive()' to evaluate to TRUE, whereas the default is FALSE.
-q, --quick Skip autoload (i.e. delayed assign) of default libraries.
-p, --verbose Print the value of expressions to the console.
-l, --packages list Load the R packages from the comma-separated 'list'.
-d, --datastdin Evaluates 'X <- read.csv(file="stdin", stringsAsFactors=FALSE)' to read a data set from stdin.
-L, --libpath dir Add directory to library path via '.libPaths(dir)'.
-e, --eval expr Evaluate 'expr' in R.
r can be used in command-line 'pipes' as well as in 'shebang'-style scripts.
Piping R commands:
echo 'cat(pi^2,"\n")' | r
Equivalently, R commands can be given on the command-line:
r -e 'cat(pi^2, "\n")'
Alternatively, commands can be stored in a file, which in turn might use R command 'readLines' to process stdin input:
$ cat examples/fsizes.r fsizes <- as.integer(readLines()) print(summary(fsizes)) stem(fsizes)
which can be evaluated by r with the following command:
ls -l /boot | awk '!/^total/ {print $5}' | r examples/fsizes.r
The script file may contain a "shebang" line:
$ cat examples/install.r #!/usr/bin/env r # a simple example to install one or more packages if (is.null(argv) | length(argv)<1) { cat("Usage: installr.r pkg1 [pkg2 pkg3 ...]0) q() } repos <- "http://cran.us.r-project.org" lib.loc <- "/usr/local/lib/R/site-library" install.packages(argv, lib.loc, repos, dependencies=TRUE)
and if it is executable, it can be called as:
examples/install.r "TeachingDemos"
See the examples directory in the sources for more.
The executable program is called r, but the project is called littler to avoid confusion with the real GNU R.
The GNU R language is documented extensively at the R website (http://www.r-project.org) and in several manuals available in html, info and pdf.
Jeffrey Horner <jeff.horner@vanderbilt.edu>.  Dirk Eddelbuettel <edd@debian.org>.
sacctmgr(1)                      Slurm Commands                      sacctmgr(1)
sacctmgr - Used to view and modify Slurm account information.
sacctmgr [OPTIONS...] [COMMAND...]
sacctmgr is used to view or modify Slurm account information.  The account information is maintained within a database with the interface being provided by slurmdbd (Slurm Database daemon).  This database can serve as a central storehouse of user and computer information for multiple computers at a single site.  Slurm account information is recorded based upon four parameters that form what is referred to as an association.  These parameters are user, cluster, partition, and account. user is the login name.  cluster is the name of a Slurm managed cluster as specified by the ClusterName parameter in the slurm.conf configuration file.  partition is the name of a Slurm partition on that cluster. account is the bank account for a job.  The intended mode of operation is to initiate the sacctmgr command, add, delete, modify, and/or list association records then commit the changes and exit.
Note: The content's of Slurm's database are maintained in lower case. This may result in some sacctmgr output differing from that of other Slurm commands.
-h, --help Print a help message describing the usage of sacctmgr.  This is equivalent to the help command.
-i, --immediate commit changes immediately without asking for confirmation.
-n, --noheader No header will be added to the beginning of the output.
-p, --parsable Output will be '|' delimited with a '|' at the end.
-P, --parsable2 Output will be '|' delimited without a '|' at the end.
-Q, --quiet Print no messages other than error messages.  This is equivalent to the quiet command.
-r, --readonly Makes it so the running sacctmgr cannot modify accounting information.  The readonly option is for use within interactive mode.
-s, --associations Use with show or list to display associations with the entity. This is equivalent to the associations command.
-v, --verbose Enable detailed logging.  This is equivalent to the verbose command.
-V , --version Display version number.  This is equivalent to the version command.
add <ENTITY> <SPECS> Add an entity.  Identical to the create command.
archive {dump|load} <SPECS> Write database information to a flat file or load information that has previously been written to a file.
clear stats Clear the server statistics.
create <ENTITY> <SPECS> Add an entity.  Identical to the add command.
delete <ENTITY> where <SPECS> Delete the specified entities.  Identical to the remove command.
dump <ENTITY> [File=FILENAME] Dump cluster data to the specified file. If the filename is not specified it uses clustername.cfg filename by default.
help   Display a description of sacctmgr options and commands.
list <ENTITY> [<SPECS>] Display information about the specified entity.  By default, all entries are displayed, you can narrow results by specifying SPECS in your query.  Identical to the show command.
load <FILENAME> Load cluster data from the specified file. This is a configuration file generated by running the sacctmgr dump command. This command does not load archive data, see the sacctmgr archive load option instead.
modify <ENTITY> where <SPECS> set <SPECS> Modify an entity.