neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
Having mentioned ssh-add(1)'s -c option, you might consider using this whenever using agent forwarding to avoid your key being hijacked, but it is much better to instead use ssh(1)'s ProxyCommand and -W option, to bounce through remote servers while always doing direct end-to-end authentication. This way the middle hop(s) don't get access to your ssh-agent(1).  A web search for ‘ssh proxycommand nc’ should prove enlightening (N.B. the modern approach is to use the -W option, rather than nc(1)).
ssh(1), ssh-agent(1), sshd(8)
IP-RULE(8)                            Linux                           IP-RULE(8)
ip-rule - routing policy database management
ip [ OPTIONS ] rule { COMMAND | help }
ip rule [ list [ SELECTOR ]]
ip rule { add | del } SELECTOR ACTION
ip rule { flush | save | restore }
SELECTOR := [ not ] [ from PREFIX ] [ to PREFIX ] [ tos TOS ] [ fwmark FWMARK[/MASK] ] [ iif STRING ] [ oif STRING ] [ pref NUMBER ] [ l3mdev ] [ uidrange NUMBER-NUMBER ] [ ipproto PROTOCOL ] [ sport [ NUMBER | NUMBER-NUMBER ] ] [ dport [ NUMBER | NUMBER-NUMBER ] ] [ tun_id TUN_ID ]
ACTION := [ table TABLE_ID ] [ protocol PROTO ] [ nat ADDRESS ] [ realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM ] [ goto NUMBER ] SUPPRESSOR
SUPPRESSOR := [ suppress_prefixlength NUMBER ] [ suppress_ifgroup GROUP ]
TABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | NUMBER ]
ip rule manipulates rules in the routing policy database control the route selection algorithm.
Classic routing algorithms used in the Internet make routing decisions based only on the destination address of packets (and in theory, but not in practice, on the TOS field).
In some circumstances we want to route packets differently depending not only on destination addresses, but also on other packet fields: source address, IP protocol, transport protocol ports or even packet payload. This task is called 'policy routing'.
To solve this task, the conventional destination based routing table, ordered according to the longest match rule, is replaced with a 'routing policy database' (or RPDB), which selects routes by executing some set of rules.
Each policy routing rule consists of a selector and an action predicate. The RPDB is scanned in order of decreasing priority (note that lower number means higher priority, see the description of PREFERENCE below). The selector of each rule is applied to {source address, destination address, incoming interface, tos, fwmark} and, if the selector matches the packet, the action is performed. The action predicate may return with success.  In this case, it will either give a route or failure indication and the RPDB lookup is terminated. Otherwise, the RPDB program continues with the next rule.
Semantically, the natural action is to select the nexthop and the output device.
At startup time the kernel configures the default RPDB consisting of three rules:
1.     Priority: 0, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing table local (ID 255).  The local table is a special routing table containing high priority control routes for local and broadcast addresses.
2.     Priority: 32766, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing table main (ID 254).  The main table is the normal routing table containing all non-policy routes. This rule may be deleted and/or overridden with other ones by the administrator.
3.     Priority: 32767, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing table default (ID 253).  The default table is empty. It is reserved for some post-processing if no previous default rules selected the packet.  This rule may also be deleted.
Each RPDB entry has additional attributes. F.e. each rule has a pointer to some routing table. NAT and masquerading rules have an attribute to select new IP address to translate/masquerade. Besides that, rules have some optional attributes, which routes have, namely realms.  These values do not override those contained in the routing tables. They are only used if the route did not select any attributes.
The RPDB may contain rules of the following types:
unicast - the rule prescribes to return the route found in the routing table referenced by the rule.
blackhole - the rule prescribes to silently drop the packet.
unreachable - the rule prescribes to generate a 'Network is unreachable' error.
prohibit - the rule prescribes to generate 'Communication is administratively prohibited' error.
nat - the rule prescribes to translate the source address of the IP packet into some other value.
ip rule add - insert a new rule
ip rule delete - delete a rule
type TYPE (default) the type of this rule. The list of valid types was given in the previous subsection.
from PREFIX select the source prefix to match.
to PREFIX select the destination prefix to match.
iif NAME select the incoming device to match. If the interface is loopback, the rule only matches packets originating from this host. This means that you may create separate routing tables for forwarded and local packets and, hence, completely segregate them.
oif NAME select the outgoing device to match. The outgoing interface is only available for packets originating from local sockets that are bound to a device.
tos TOS
dsfield TOS select the TOS value to match.
fwmark MARK select the fwmark value to match.
uidrange NUMBER-NUMBER select the uid value to match.
ipproto PROTOCOL select the ip protocol value to match.
sport NUMBER | NUMBER-NUMBER select the source port value to match. supports port range.
dport NUMBER | NUMBER-NUMBER select the destination port value to match. supports port range.
priority PREFERENCE the priority of this rule.  PREFERENCE is an unsigned integer value, higher number means lower priority, and rules get processed in order of increasing number. Each rule should have an explicitly set unique priority value. The options preference and order are synonyms with priority.
table TABLEID the routing table identifier to lookup if the rule selector matches.  It is also possible to use lookup instead of table.
protocol PROTO the routing protocol who installed the rule in question. As an example when zebra installs a rule it would get RTPROT_ZEBRA as the installing protocol.
suppress_prefixlength NUMBER reject routing decisions that have a prefix length of NUMBER or less.
suppress_ifgroup GROUP reject routing decisions that use a device belonging to the interface group GROUP.
realms FROM/TO Realms to select if the rule matched and the routing table lookup succeeded. Realm TO is only used if the route did not select any realm.
nat ADDRESS The base of the IP address block to translate (for source addresses).  The ADDRESS may be either the start of the block of NAT addresses (selected by NAT routes) or a local host address (or even zero).  In the last case the router does not translate the packets, but masquerades them to this address.  Using map-to instead of nat means the same thing.
Warning: Changes to the RPDB made with these commands do not become active immediately. It is assumed that after a script finishes a batch of updates, it flushes the routing cache with ip route flush cache.
ip rule flush - also dumps all the deleted rules.
protocol PROTO Select the originating protocol.
ip rule show - list rules This command has no arguments.  The options list or lst are synonyms with show.
ip rule save
save rules table information to stdout This command behaves like ip rule show except that the output is raw data suitable for passing to ip rule restore.
ip rule restore restore rules table information from stdin This command expects to read a data stream as returned from ip rule save.  It will attempt to restore the rules table information exactly as it was at the time of the save. Any rules already in the table are left unchanged, and duplicates are not ignored.
timidity(1)                  General Commands Manual                 timidity(1)
TiMidity++ - MIDI-to-WAVE converter and player
timidity [options] filename [...]
TiMidity++ is a converter that converts some of MIDI files (supported formats: Standard MIDI files (*.mid), Recomposer files (*.rcp, *.r36, *.g18, *.g36) and Module files (*.mod)) into formatted audio files (e.g. RIFF WAVE).  TiMidity++ uses Gravis Ultrasound-compatible patch files or Soundfonts (*.sfx, *.sf2) to generate digital audio data from MIDI files. The digital audio data generated by TiMidity++ can be stored in a file for processing, or played in real time through an audio device. In real time playing, TiMidity++ can show the lyrics contained in KAR or WRD files.
You can use the following expressions as the filename argument:
-      Read a MIDI file from standard input.
path/filename Read a MIDI file from the specified path on a filesystem.
dir:directory directory/ Read and play all MIDI files in the specified directory.  For example,
% timidity some/where/
plays all files in the directory some/where/.
Archive File Extract and play the file(s) in the archive.  If you want to specify a certain MIDI file in the archive, append #<MIDI-filename> to the archive name.  The path after `#' allows the use of the wildcard expressions (case insensitive). You can use escape sequence \xHH, where `HH' is a ASCII number in hexadecimal integer.
% timidity file.zip#file.mid Plays file.mid in file.zip
% timidity file.lzh#*.mid Plays any files that match the wildcard expression *.mid in file.lzh
% timidity file.tgz#* This expression is the same as file.tgz
Since these mechanism are contained in TiMidity++ itself, you can use this syntax even in the MS Windows environment.
TiMidity++ can handle the following archive formats:
tar (*.tar)
tar+gzip (*.tar.gz, *.tgz)
zip (*.zip)
lzh (*.lzh, *.lha) (lh0, lh1, lh2, lh3, lh4, lh5, lh6, lz4, lzs and lz5 are available)
Other archives can be expanded if expander command is specified on the compile phase.  TiMidity++ will pipe that command.
news://news-server[:port]/Message-ID news://news-server[:port]/newsgroup[/first-last] Play the MIDI file in the specified article on the news server. If a newsgroup is specified TiMidity++ plays all MIDI files found in any article posted to that newsgroup. TiMidity++ parses MIME Multi-part messages in case of news://* scheme, extracts MIDI file that was post to that group, or in case of normal file, you can explicitly handle MIME documents by naming that file with *.mime extension, or prefix that file with mime:
The following MIME-types are allowed:
uu-encoded file begin is required
base64 encoded Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 is required
quoted-string Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-string is required
Mac BinHex format only HQX format is available
http://address ftp://address Play the file specified in the URL.
% timidity http://www.goice.co.jp/member/mo/dist/midi/impromptu.mid plays the specified MIDI-file directly from the network.
If these expression are used in the *.cfg files, you can even use patch-files (and others) from remote machines.
TiMidity++ can handle the following file formats:
.mid, .rmi (Format 0, 1, 2) Standard MIDI File
.rcp, .r36, .g18, .g36 (Recomposer formats) Recomposer format which is product for COME ON MUSIC co.
.mfi (MFi Version 3 - Melody Format for i-Mode) i-Mode is Japanese local mobile phone
.kar (Karaoke format) Displays the lyrics as a Lyric Meta Event message.
.mod, mod.* (Module file)
.wrd (WRD format)
The following command line options are accepted by TiMidity++:
-A [n][,m](a) --amplification=n --drumpower=m --[no-]volume-compensation Multiplies the master volume by n%.  Default value is 70%.  Higher amplification makes louder sounds.  You can specify the drum power, ratio of drum volume from the other channels.  The allowed values of amplification range from 0 (no sound) to 800. Optionally to put `a' character along with -a option, or to use --volume-compensation, instructs TiMidity++ to regularize the volume.  You can easily gain dynamic range.
-A90   volume 90%, drum power 100%, compensation is off
-A,120 volume 70%, drum power 120%, compensation is off
-A90,120 volume 90%, drum power 120%, compensation is off
-Aa    volume 70%, drum power 100%, compensation is on
-A90a  volume 90%, drum power 100%, compensation is on
-A,120a volume 70%, drum power 120%, compensation is on
-A90,120a volume 90%, drum power 120%, compensation is on
-a, --[no-]anti-alias Turns on anti-aliasing.  Samples are run through a lowpass filter before playing, which reduces aliasing noise at low resampling frequencies.
-B n,m, --buffer-fragments=n,m For the Linux/FreeBSD/OSS/ALSA/Windows sound driver, selects the number of buffer fragments in interactive mode.  Increasing the number of fragments may reduce choppiness when many processes are running.  It will make TiMidity++ seem to respond sluggishly to fast forward, rewind, and volume controls, and it will throw the status display off sync.  Specify a fragments number of 0 to use the maximum number of fragments available.
-C n, --control-ratio=n Sets the ratio of sampling and control frequencies.  This determines how often envelopes are recalculated -- small ratios yield better quality but use more CPU time.
-c file, --config-file=file Reads an extra configuration file.
-D n, --drum-channel=n Marks channel as a drum channel.  If channel is negative, channel -n is marked as an instrumental channel.  If n is 0, all channels are marked as instrumental.
-d dir, --interface-path=dir Specifies the directory containing installed dynamic-link interface modules.
-E mode, --ext=mode Set TiMidity++ extend modes.  The following modes are available (capitalized switch means disable this feature):
w/W, --[no-]mod-wheel Enable/disable modulation controlling.
p/P, --[no-]portamento Enable/disable portamento controlling.
v/V, --[no-]vibrato Enable/disable NRPM vibration.
s/S, --[no-]ch-pressure Enable/disable channel pressure controlling.
e/E, --[no-]mod-envelope Enable/disable modulation envelope controlling.
t/T, --[no-]trace-text-meta Enable/disable tracing all Text Meta Events.
o/O, --[no-]overlap-voice Accept/reject pronouncing multiple same notes.
z/Z, --[no-]temper-control Enable/disable MIDI Tuning Standard temperament controlling.
mHH, --default-mid=HH Sets the manufacturer ID to HH (where HH are two hex-digits). HH values of GS/gs, XG/xg or GM/gm are understood as 41, 43 and 7e respectively.
MHH, --system-mid=HH Sets the system manufacturer ID to HH (where HH are two hex-digits). In this option, the manufacture ID is set unchangeable. Manufacture ID from the input file would be ignored.
bn, --default-bank=n Use tone bank n as the default.
Bn, --force-bank=n Sets the bank number of all channels to n.
in[/m], --default-program=n[/m] Use the program number as the default instrument.  Any Program Change events in MIDI files will override this option. If n is followed by /m the default program number of the channel m is specified by n.
In[/m], --force-program=n[/m] Similar to -Ei but this ignores all program changes.
F args For effects.  See below.  In args option, you can specify following effect options:
delay=(d|l|r|b)[,msec], --delay=(d|l|r|b)[,msec] Sets delay type.
d, 0   Disabled delay effect.
l, 1   Left delay.
r, 2   Right delay.
b, 3   Swap left & right.
Optional msec is the delay time.
chorus=(d|n|s)[,level], --chorus=(d|n|s)[,level]
d, 0   Disable this effect.
n, 1   Enable MIDI chorus effect control.
s, 2   Surround sound, chorus detuned to a lesser degree (default).
The optional parameter level specifies the chorus level 0 to 127.
reverb=(d|n|g)[,level], --reverb=(d|n|g)[,level]
reverb=(f|G)[,level,scaleroom,offsetroom,predelay]
--reverb=(f|G)[,level,scaleroom,offsetroom,predelay]
d, 0   Disable MIDI reverb effect control.
n, 1   Enable MIDI reverb effect control.  This effect is only available in stereo.
g, 2   Global reverb effect.
f, 3   Freeverb MIDI reverb effect control (default).
G, 4   Global Freeverb effect.
The optional parameter level specifies the reverb level 0 to 127. For Freeverb effect, additional parameters scaleroom, offsetroom and predelay can be specified. scaleroom and offsetroom specify variables for the room size calculated as roomsize = C * scaleroom + offsetroom where C is the reverberation character.  predelay specifies the factor for pre-delay time of reverberation in percent.  Any of the optional parameters can be omitted.  Default values are 0.28, 0.7 and 100 respectively.
vlpf=(d|c|m), --voice-lpf=(d|c|m)
d, 0   Disable LPF effect.
c, 1   Chamberlin resonant LPF (12dB/oct) (default).
m, 2   Moog resonant low-pass VCF (24dB/oct)
ns=n, --noise-shaping=n Enable the n th degree noiseshaping filter.  The distortion at decay stage is improved, but the noise on human auditory feeling increases because it shifts to a high frequency.  In case of 8-bit linear encoding, valid values of n are in the interval from 0 (min) to 4 (max).  Default value is 4.  In case of 16-bit linear encoding, valid values of n are in the interval from 0 to 4.  According to the value, it works as following.  Default value is 4.
0      No noise shaping.
1      Traditional noise shaping.
2      Overdrive-like soft-clipping + new noise shaping.
3      Tube-amplifier-like soft-clipping + new noise shaping.
4      New noise shaping.
resamp=(d|l|c|L|n|g), --resample=(d|l|c|L|n|g)
d, 0   No interpolation.
l, 1   Linear interpolation.
c, 2   Cubic spline interpolation.
L, 3   Lagrange method.
n, 4   Newton polynomial interpolation.
g, 5   Modified Gauss effect (default).
This option affects the behavior of -N option.
-e, --evil Make TiMidity++ evil.  For the Win32 version, this increases the task priority by one.  It can give better playback when you switch tasks at the expense of slowing all other tasks down.
-F, --[no-]fast-panning Turns on fast panning to accommodate MIDI pieces that expect panning adjustments to affect notes that are already playing. Some files that don't expect this have a habit of flipping balance rapidly between left and right, which can cause severe popping when the -F flag is used. In the current version of TiMidity++ this option is a toggle.
-f, --[no-]fast-decay Toggles fast envelopes.  This option makes TiMidity++ faster but the release time of the notes are shortened.
-G begin1-end1[,begin2-end2,...](m) --segment=begin1-end1[,begin2-end2,...](m) Play just sub-segment(s) specified by comma separated time segments. Each time segment defined by dash separated time values of: begin- end - defaulted to 0-infinity.  Playing from begin to end.
Time format: [<minutes>:]<seconds>[.<milliseconds>]
To put `m' character along with the option treats it as measure and beat instead of seconds.
Time format: <measure>[.<beat>] (measure and beat are one-origin)
-G12-1:00.500 Skip 12 seconds and stop at 1 minute and half a second.
-G-5,2:00- Play the initial 5 seconds, then skip to 2 minutes from start and play till end.
-G11.4-20m -G4:00- Play from the 4th beat in the 11th measure to the 20th measure, then skip to 4 minutes from start and play till end.
-g sec, --spectrogram=sec Open the Sound-Spectrogram window.  This option is activated if the system has support for the X Window System.
-H n, --force-keysig=n Specify the number of key signature.  MIDI file is performed with transposition to the key of the number of sharp (when n is positive) or flat (when n is negative).  Valid values of n are in the interval from -7 to 7.  For example, if n is 1, MIDI file with any tonality will be performed transposing to 1 flat (i.e., F major or D minor).  Therefore, it is convenient to use for the accompaniment when practicing a musical instrument by the tonality which is easy to perform.
-h, --help Show the help message.
-i mode, --interface=mode --realtime-priority=n --sequencer-ports=n Selects the user interfaces from the compiled-in alternatives. mode must be begun with one of the supported interface identifiers.  Run TiMidity++ with the -h option to see a list. For ALSA sequencer interface, optionally to use --realtime-priority, set the realtime priority by n, and to use --sequencer-ports, set the number of opened sequencer ports. Default value is 4. The following identifiers may be available:
-id    dumb interface
-in    ncurses interface
-is    S-Lang interface
-ia    X Athena Widget interface
-ik    Tcl/Tk interface
-im    Motif interface
-iT    vt100 interface
-ie    Emacs interface (use ``M-x timidity'' in Emacs)
-ii    skin interface Environment variable TIMIDITY_SKIN must be set to the path of the skin data (compressed data are also supported).
-ig    GTK+ interface
-ir    Launch TiMidity++ as MIDI server.
-iA    Launch TiMidity++ as ALSA sequencer client.
-iW    Windows synthesizer interface
-iw    Windows GUI interface
-iP    PortMIDI synthesizer interface
-ip    UMP interface
Interface options Option characters may be added immediately after the interface identifier.  The following options are recognized:
v, --verbose=n Increases verbosity level.  This option is cumulative.
q, --quiet=n Decreases verbosity level.  This option is cumulative.
t, --[no-]trace Toggles trace mode.  In trace mode, TiMidity++ attempts to display its current state in real time. For the Linux sound driver, this is accomplished through the use of short DMA buffer fragments, which can be tuned via the -B option.
l, --[no-]loop Loop playing (some interfaces ignore this option)
r, --[no-]random Randomize file list arguments before playing
s, --[no-]sort Sort file list arguments before playing
D, --[no-]background Daemonize TiMidity++ in background (for alsaseq only)
-j, --[no-]realtime-load Enable the loading of patch files during play.
-K n, --adjust-key=n Adjusts key (i.e., transposes the song) by n half tones.  Ranges from -24 to 24.
-k msec, --voice-queue=msec Specify audio queue time limit to reduce voices.  If the remaining audio buffer is less than msec milliseconds, TiMidity++ tries to kill some voices.  This feature makes it possible to play complicated MIDI files on slow CPUs.  Setting msec to zero tells TiMidity++ to never remove any voices.
-L path, --patch-path=path Adds path to the library path.  Patch, configuration, and MIDI files are searched along this path.  Directories added last will be searched first.  Note that the current directory is always searched first before the library path.
-M name, --pcm-file=name TiMidity++ can play a PCM file instead of a MIDI file.  If ``auto'' is specified, TiMidity++ tries to open foo.mid.wav or foo.mid.aiff when playing foo.mid.  If ``none'' is specified, this feature is disabled.  Otherwise just plays name.
-m msec, --decay-time=msec Modify envelope volume decay time.  msec is the minimum number of milliseconds to sustain a sustained note.
-m0    Disable sustain ramping, causes constant volume sustains (default).
-m1    Effectively behaves as if all sustains are ignored, volume ramping is the same as normal stage 3.
-m3000 A note at full volume will decay for 3 seconds once it begins to be sustained (assuming the regular stage 3 rate would not cause it to decay even longer).  Softer notes will of course die sooner.
-N n, --interpolation=n Sets interpolation parameter.  This option depends on the -EFresamp option's value.
cspline, lagrange Toggles 4-point linear interpolation (default is on).
newton n point interpolation using Newton polynomials.  n must be an odd number from 1 to 57.
gauss  n+1 point modified Gauss interpolation.  Ranges 0 (disable) to 34 (max), default to 25.
In either way, linear interpolation is used if audio queue < 99%.
-O mode, --output-mode=mode --flac-verify --flac-padding=n --flac-complevel=n --oggflac --speex-quality=n --speex-vbr --speex-abr=n --speex-vad --speex-dtx --speex-complexity=n --speex-nframes=n Selects the output mode from the compiled-in alternatives.  mode must begin with one of the supported output mode identifiers.  Run TiMidity++ with the -h option to see the list. Special in Ogg FLAC output mode, verifying generated data (will be a bit slower), the size of header padding (default is 4096), the compression level (0 to 8) (default is 5), and enabling OggFLAC stream can be specified by --flac-verify, --flac-padding, --flac-complevel and --oggflac options respectively. Special in Ogg Speex output mode, the compression quality (0 to 10) (default is 8), Enabling VBR output, enabling ABR output and setting the ratio to n, enabling VAD (voice activity detection), enabling DTX (discontinuous transmission), the encoding complexity (0 to 10) (default is 3), and frames in a single Ogg packet (0 to 10) (default is 1) can be specified by --speex-quality, --speex-vbr, --speex-abr, --speex-vad, --speex-dtx, --speex-complexity and --speex-nframes options respectively. The following identifiers are available in all versions:
-Od    Outputs via OSS dsp device (default)
-Os    Output to ALSA
-Or    Generate raw waveform data.  All format options are supported.  Common formats include:
-OrU   u-Law
-Or1sl 16-bit signed linear PCM
-Or8ul 8-bit unsigned linear PCM
-Ou    Generate Sun Audio (au) data
-Oa    Generate AIFF data
-Ow    Generate RIFF WAVE format output.  If output is directed to a non-seekable file, or if TiMidity++ is interrupted before closing the file, the file header will contain 0xffffffff in the RIFF and data block length fields.  The popular sound conversion utility sox is able to read such malformed files, so you can pipe data directly to sox for on-the-fly conversion to other formats.
-Ol    List MIDI events
-OM    MOD -> MIDI conversion
-Oe    EsounD
-Op    PortAudio
-Oj    JACK
-OR    aRts
-OA    Alib
-Ov    Ogg Vorbis
-OF    Ogg FLAC
-OS    Ogg Speex
-OO    libao
Format options Option characters may be added immediately after the mode identifier to change the output format.  The following options are recognized:
S, --output-stereo Stereo
M, --output-mono Monophonic
s, --output-signed Signed output
u, --output-unsigned Unsigned output
1, --output-16bit 16-bit sample width
2, --output-24bit 24-bit sample width
8, --output-8bit 8-bit sample width
l, --output-linear Linear encoding
U, --output-ulaw u-Law (8-bit) encoding
A, --output-alaw A-Law encoding
x, --[no-]output-swab Byte-swapped output
Note that some options have no effect on some modes.  For example, you cannot generate a byte-swapped RIFF WAVE file, or force uLaw output on a Linux PCM device.
-o file, --output-file=file Place output on file, which may be a file, device, or HP-UX audio server, depending on the output mode selected with the -O option. The special filename `-' causes output to be placed on stdout.
-P file, --patch-file=file Use patch file for all programs.
-p [n](a) --polyphony=n --[no-]polyphony-reduction Sets polyphony (maximum number of simultaneous voices) to n. Optionally to put `a' character along with -p option, or to use --polyphony-reduction, instructs TiMidity++ to enable automatic polyphony reduction algorithm.
-Q n[,...](t) --mute=n[,...] --temper-mute=n[,...] Cause channel n to be quiet.  n can carry out package specification by `,'.  If n is 0, all channels are turned off. Continuously, specifying -n, channel n is turned back on. On the other hand, to put `t' character after -Q option or to use --temper-mute describes temperament mute.  This mutes channels of specific temperament type n.  For preset temperament, n can range 0 to 3.  For user-defined temperament, n can range 4 to 7.
-q sec/n, --audio-buffer=sec/n Specify audio buffer in seconds.  sec maximum size of buffer, n percentage filled at the beginning (default is 5.0/100) (size of 100% equals the whole device buffer size).
-R msec Enables Pseudo Reverb Mode.  It sets every instrument's release to msec ms.  If msec is 0, msec is set to 800 (default).
-S n, --cache-size=n Sets the re-sample cache size to n bytes.  If n equals 0 any sample caches are disabled.  The default value of n is 2097152 (2MB).
-s freq, --sampling-freq=freq Sets the resampling frequency (Hz or kHz).  Not all sound devices are capable of all frequencies -- an approximate frequency may be selected, depending on the implementation.
-T n, --adjust-tempo=n Adjust tempo to n%; 120 play MOD files with an NTSC Amiga's timing.
-t code, --output-charset=code Sets output coding of Japanese text.  Possible values of code are:
auto   determined by the LANG environment variable.
ascii  Translates non-ASCII code to period.
nocnv  No conversion.
1251   Convert from windows-1251 to koi8-r.
euc    Outputs EUC (Japan) coding.
jis    Outputs JIS coding.
sjis   Outputs SJIS coding.
-U, --[no-]unload-instruments Unload all instruments from memory between MIDI files.  This can reduce memory requirements when playing many files in succession.
-V power, --volume-curve=power Set the power of volume curve.  The total amplification becomes volume^power.  0 (default) uses the regular tables.  Any non-zero value causes all midi to use the new user defined velocity/volume/expression curve (linear: 1, ideal: ~1.661, GS: ~2).
-v, --version Show the version string
-W mode, --wrd=mode Play WRD file.
Allowed values of mode are:
x      X Window System mode
w      Windows console mode
t      TTY mode
d      Dumb mode (outputs WRD events directory)
-      do not trace WRD
R[opts] Sets WRD options:
a1=b1,a2=b2,... Sets the WRD options.  an is the name of option and bn is the value.
d=n    Emulates timing (@WAIT, @WMODE) bugs of the original MIMPI player.  The emulation levels are:
-WRd=0 do not emulate any bugs of MIMPI
-WRd=1 only emulate some bugs (default)
-WRd=2 emulate all known bugs
F=file Use file as WRD file only no file matching *.wrd is found.
f=file Uses file as WRD file.
WRD mode must also use trace mode (option -i?t) or the timing of the WRD events will be terrible.
-w mode, --rcpcv-dll=mode Extended mode for MS Windows.  The following options are available:
-w r   Use rcpcv.dll to play RCP/R36 files.
-w R   Do not use rcpcv.dll (default).
-x str, --config-string=str Configure TiMidity++ with str.  The format of str is the same as timidity.cfg.
For example: -x'bank 0\n0 violin.pat' Sets the instrument number 0 to violin. Character `\' (Ascii 0x5c) in the str is treated as escape character like in C literals.  For example \n is treated as carriage return.
-Z file, --freq-table=file Cause the table of frequencies to be read from file.  This is useful to define a tuning different from 12-equal temperament.  If ``pure'' is specified, TiMidity++ plays in trial pure intonation.
-Zpure[n(m)], --pure-intonation=[n(m)] Play in trial pure intonation by Key Signature meta-event in the MIDI file.  You can specify the initial keysig by hand, in case the MIDI file does not contains the meta-event.  Optionally, n is the number of key signature. In case of sharp, n is positive.  In case of flat, n is negative.  Valid values of n are in the interval from -7 to 7.  In case of minor mode, you should put `m' character along with -Zpure option.
--module=n Simulate behavior of specific synthesizer module as much as possible.  For the moment, the value of n defined is as follows:
0      TiMidity++ Default
1      Roland SC-55
2      Roland SC-88
3      Roland SC-88Pro
4      Roland SC-8850
5-15   Reserved for GS family
16     YAMAHA MU-50
17     YAMAHA MU-80
18     YAMAHA MU-90
19     YAMAHA MU-100
20-31  Reserved for XG family
32     SoundBlaster Live!
33     SoundBlaster Audigy
34-111 Reserved for other synthesizer modules
112    TiMidity++ Special 1
113-126 Reserved for TiMidity++ specification purposes
127    TiMidity++ Debug
lsmidiprog(1), mididump(1), patinfo(1), sf2text(1), wav2pat(1), timidity.cfg(5)
Copyright (C) 1999-2004 Masanao Izumo <iz@onicos.co.jp> Copyright (C) 1995 Tuukka Toivonen <tt@cgs.fi>
The original version was developed by Tuukka Toivonen <tt@cgs.fi> until the release of TiMidity-0.2i.  His development was discontinued because of his being busy with work.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
The latest release is available on the TiMidity++ Page,
URL https://sourceforge.net/projects/timidity/
Eats more CPU time than a small CPU-time-eating animal.
This man page was translated from Japanese to English by me with poor English skill :-)
Version 0.2i and earlier: Tuukka Toivonen <tt@cgs.fi> Vincent Pagel <pagel@loria.fr> Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Davide Moretti <dave@rimini.com> Chi Ming HUNG <cmhung@insti.physics.sunysb.edu> Riccardo Facchetti <riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it>
TiMidity++: IZUMO Masanao <iz@onicos.co.jp> HARADA Tomokazu <harada@prince.pe.u-tokyo.ac.jp> YAMATE Keiichirou <keiich-y@is.aist-nara.ac.jp> KIRYU Masaki <mkiryu@usa.net> AOKI Daisuke <dai@y7.net> MATSUMOTO Shoji <shom@i.h.kyoto-u.ac.jp> KOYANAGI Masaaki <koyanagi@okilab.oki.co.jp> IMAI Kunihiko <imai@leo.ec.t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp> NOGAMI Takaya <t-nogami@happy.email.ne.jp> WATANABE Takanori <takawata@shidahara1.planet.kobe-u.ac.jp> TAKEKAWA Hiroshi <sian@big.or.jp> NAGANO Daisuke <breeze.nagano@nifty.ne.jp> KINOSHITA kosuke <kino@krhm.jvc-victor.co.jp> SHIGEMURA Norikatsu <nork@ninth-nine.com> YAMAHATA Isaku <yamahata@kusm.kyoto-u.ac.jp> ARAI Yoshishige <ryo2@on.rim.or.jp> Glenn Trigg <ggt@netspace.net.au> Tim Allen <thristian@usa.net> Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de> Eric A. Welsh <ewelsh@ccb.wustl.edu> Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org> KIMOTO Masahiko <kimoto@ohnolab.org> IWAI Takashi <tiwai@suse.de> Saito <saito2@digitalme.com> SATO Kentaro <kentaro@ps.catv.ne.jp> TAMUKI Shoichi <tamuki@linet.gr.jp> URABE Shohei <root@mput.dip.jp> SUENAGA Keishi <s_keishi@mutt.freemail.ne.jp> SUZUKI Koji <k@kekyo.net>
(titles omitted and an order different)
and other many people sends information and bug-fix codes.
The English version of this man page was written by NAGANO Daisuke <breeze.nagano@nifty.ne.jp>.
Now, TAMUKI Shoichi <tamuki@linet.gr.jp> and URABE Shohei <root@mput.dip.jp> are maintaining the man page. If you have any comments or suggestions or complaints :) about this man page, please tell us it.
GIT-REFLOG(1)                      Git Manual                      GIT-REFLOG(1)
git-reflog - Manage reflog information
git reflog <subcommand> <options>
The command takes various subcommands, and different options depending on the subcommand:
git reflog [show] [log-options] [<ref>] git reflog expire [--expire=<time>] [--expire-unreachable=<time>] [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--stale-fix] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] [--all [--single-worktree] | <refs>...] git reflog delete [--rewrite] [--updateref] [--dry-run | -n] [--verbose] ref@{specifier}... git reflog exists <ref>
Reference logs, or "reflogs", record when the tips of branches and other references were updated in the local repository. Reflogs are useful in various Git commands, to specify the old value of a reference. For example, HEAD@{2} means "where HEAD used to be two moves ago", master@{one.week.ago} means "where master used to point to one week ago in this local repository", and so on. See gitrevisions(7) for more details.
This command manages the information recorded in the reflogs.
The "show" subcommand (which is also the default, in the absence of any subcommands) shows the log of the reference provided in the command-line (or HEAD, by default). The reflog covers all recent actions, and in addition the HEAD reflog records branch switching. git reflog show is an alias for git log -g --abbrev-commit --pretty=oneline; see git-log(1) for more information.
The "expire" subcommand prunes older reflog entries. Entries older than expire time, or entries older than expire-unreachable time and not reachable from the current tip, are removed from the reflog. This is typically not used directly by end users — instead, see git-gc(1).
The "delete" subcommand deletes single entries from the reflog. Its argument must be an exact entry (e.g. "git reflog delete master@{2}"). This subcommand is also typically not used directly by end users.
The "exists" subcommand checks whether a ref has a reflog. It exits with zero status if the reflog exists, and non-zero status if it does not.
Options for show git reflog show accepts any of the options accepted by git log.
Options for expire --all Process the reflogs of all references.
--single-worktree By default when --all is specified, reflogs from all working trees are processed. This option limits the processing to reflogs from the current working tree only.
--expire=<time> Prune entries older than the specified time. If this option is not specified, the expiration time is taken from the configuration setting gc.reflogExpire, which in turn defaults to 90 days. --expire=all prunes entries regardless of their age; --expire=never turns off pruning of reachable entries (but see --expire-unreachable).
--expire-unreachable=<time> Prune entries older than <time> that are not reachable from the current tip of the branch. If this option is not specified, the expiration time is taken from the configuration setting gc.reflogExpireUnreachable, which in turn defaults to 30 days. --expire-unreachable=all prunes unreachable entries regardless of their age; --expire-unreachable=never turns off early pruning of unreachable entries (but see --expire).
--updateref Update the reference to the value of the top reflog entry (i.e. <ref>@{0}) if the previous top entry was pruned. (This option is ignored for symbolic references.)
--rewrite If a reflog entry’s predecessor is pruned, adjust its "old" SHA-1 to be equal to the "new" SHA-1 field of the entry that now precedes it.
--stale-fix Prune any reflog entries that point to "broken commits". A broken commit is a commit that is not reachable from any of the reference tips and that refers, directly or indirectly, to a missing commit, tree, or blob object.
This computation involves traversing all the reachable objects, i.e. it has the same cost as git prune. It is primarily intended to fix corruption caused by garbage collecting using older versions of Git, which didn’t protect objects referred to by reflogs.
-n, --dry-run Do not actually prune any entries; just show what would have been pruned.
--verbose Print extra information on screen.
Options for delete git reflog delete accepts options --updateref, --rewrite, -n, --dry-run, and --verbose, with the same meanings as when they are used with expire.
xsetwacom(1)                 General Commands Manual                xsetwacom(1)
xsetwacom - commandline utility to query and modify wacom driver settings.
xsetwacom [options] [command [arguments]]
This program queries or changes properties on the devices loaded by the wacom driver. The modification of properties happens at runtime and is not persistent through X server restarts.
-d, --display display_name Connect to the X server specified in display_name; see X(7).
-h, --help Prints a short help.
-v, --verbose Enable verbose output, useful for debugging.
-V, --version Display version number and exit.
Allowed commands are list, get, and set.  The command may be specified with or without one or two preceding dashes, i.e.  --list is equivalent to -list and list.
LIST COMMANDS list devices List known devices. Only input devices managed by the wacom driver are listed.
list parameters List known parameters. List all parameters suitable for the get or the set command. Note that not all parameters are available on all device types.
list modifiers List the aliases for modifiers and other keys that can be used when setting button action mappings.
GET COMMANDS get device_name parameter Get the current settings for the parameter on the given device. Note that not all parameters are available on all device types. The special parameter name "all" may be provided to display all current settings on the device.
By default, options are printed on the commandline in the respective format. The output format may be altered with one of the following options:
-s, --shell Display the output in shell format, i.e. as shell commands to xsetwacom to reproduce the same parameter.
-x, --xconf Display the output in xorg.conf format, i.e. as option lines that may be added to the InputDevice section in the xorg.conf.
SET COMMANDS set device_name parameter [value] Set the parameter value on the given device to the value provided. Note that not all parameters are writable, some are read-only and result in an error when trying to be modified.
Not all parameters are available on all tools.  Use the get command with the parameter or "all" parameter for specific input tool applicable parameters and current settings.
Area x1 y1 x2 y2 Set the tablet input area in device coordinates in the form top left x/y and bottom right x/y. Top left and bottom right are defined in the device's native orientation, regardless of the actual rotation currently applied. Input outside of these coordinates will be clipped to the edges of the area defined. Default:  0 0 x2 y2; with x2 and y2 tablet specific.
Button button-number [mapping] Set a mapping for the specified button-number. Mappings take the form of either a single numeric button or an 'action' to be performed. If no mapping is provided, the default mapping is restored. If button-number is mapped to 0, the Button event is ignored.
Numeric button mappings indicate what X11 button number the given button-number should correspond to. For example, a mapping of "3" means a press of the given button-number will produce a press of X11 button 3 (i.e. right click).
Action mappings allow button presses to perform many events. They take the form of a string of keywords and arguments.
The "key" keyword is followed by a list of key names. These can optionally be preceded by "+" for press and "-" for release. If +/- is not given, press-and-release is assumed, except for modifier keys which are left pressed.  Key names can be X11 KeySyms or some aliases such as 'shift' or 'f1' (the full list can be seen with the list modifiers command).
To assign a key that is not in the modifiers list, use the KeySym in /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h with the XK_ prefix removed or its actual value as is. For example, XK_BackSpace should be specified as "BackSpace". "0xff80" can also be used to replace "BackSpace" since it's the unique KeySym value of Backspace key.
Here is a combined example: "key +a shift b shift -a 0xff0d" converts the button into a series of keystrokes. In this example, "press a, press shift, press and release b, release shift, release a, then press and release enter".  "key +a +shift b -shift -a 0xff0d" does the same thing.
The "button" keyword is similar except that its arguments are X11 button numbers.
The "modetoggle" keyword is also recognized; it takes no arguments, and toggles the device mode between relative and absolute pointer tracking.
The "pan" keyword causes the driver to send scroll events while the pen is dragged. This makes it easy to scroll through lists and documents, pan around 2D canvases, and zoom in/out of 3D scenes (exact behavior depends on application interpretation of scrollwheel events). Dragging the pen up/down will send scrollwheel down/up events; dragging it left/right will send scrollwheel right/left events.
The events in the action mapping are sent when the physical button is pressed.  If the action mapping leaves any buttons or keys pressed (such as a modifier key), they will be released when the physical button is released.
Multiple keywords may be present in one action if desired: for example "key +ctrl button 5 key -ctrl". Each keyword takes all arguments until the next keyword.
A maximum of 256 presses and/or releases can be specified in an action mapping.
The driver can only simulate physical key events but not keysyms and xsetwacom translates the mapping sequence into such events. Thus, symbols on the same physical key will generate the same event. For example, '1' and '!' are on the same key on a US keyboard and thus have the same keycode).  For access to keys on a higher shift level, the sequence should be entered as it would be typed on a physical keyboard. For example, a exclamation mark is entered by the sequence of "key +shift 1 -shift".
BindToSerial [serial|0] Bind the device to the tool with the specified serial number. Once bound, the device will ignore events from other tools. A serial of 0 means the device is unbound and will react to any tool of the matching type.  Default: 0
MapToOutput [output] Map the tablet's input area to a given output (e.g. "VGA1"). Output names may either be the name of a head available through the XRandR extension, or an X11 geometry string of the form WIDTHxHEIGHT+X+Y. To switch to the next available output, the "next" keyword is also supported. This will cycle between the individual monitors connected to the system, and then the entire desktop. The mapping may be reset to the entire desktop at any time with the output name "desktop". Users of the NVIDIA binary driver should use the output names "HEAD-0" and "HEAD-1" until the driver supports XRandR 1.2 or later.
The output mapping configuration is a onetime setting and does not track output reconfigurations; the command needs to be re-run whenever the output configuration changes. When used with tablet rotation, the tablet must be rotated before it is mapped to the new screen. This parameter is write-only and cannot be queried.
Mode Absolute|Relative Set the device mode as either Relative or Absolute. Relative means pointer tracking for the device will function like a mouse, whereas Absolute means the pointer corresponds to the device's actual position on the tablet or tablet PC screen.  Default: Absolute for stylus, eraser and tablet PC touch; Relative for cursor and tablet touch.
PressureCurve x1 y1 x2 y2 A Bezier curve of third order, composed of two anchor points (0,0 and 100,100) and two user modifiable control points that define the curve's shape.  Raise the curve (x1<y1 x2<y2) to "soften" the feel and lower the curve (x1>y1 x2>y2) for a "firmer" feel. Sigmoid shaped curves are permitted (x1>y1 x2<y2 or x1<y1 x2>y2). Default:  0 0 100 100, a linear curve; range of 0 to 100 for all four values.
RawSample level Set the sample window size (a sliding average sampling window) for incoming input tool raw data points.  Default:  4, range of 1 to 20.
Rotate none|half|cw|ccw Set the tablet to the given rotation: none: the tablet is not rotated and uses its natural rotation half: the tablet is rotated by 180 degrees (upside-down) cw: the tablet is rotated 90 degrees clockwise ccw: the tablet is rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise
Rotation is a tablet-wide option: rotation of one tool affects all other tools associated with the same tablet. When the tablet is physically rotated, rotate any tool to the corresponding orientation.  Default:  none
Suppress level Set the delta (difference) cutoff level for further processing of incoming input tool coordinate values.  For example a X or Y coordinate event will be sent only if the change between the current X or Y coordinate and the previous one is greater than the Suppress value.  The same applies to pressure level (Z coordinate) and Tilt rotation values.  With a current absolute wheel (AbsWheel) or Tilt value the delta between it and the previous value must be equal to or greater than the Suppress value in order to be sent on.  Suppress is a tablet wide parameter.  A specified delta level for one input tool is applied to all input tool coordinates.  To disable suppression use a level of 0.  Default: 2, range of 0 to 100.
TabletDebugLevel level Set the debug level for this tablet to the given level. This only affects code paths that are shared between several tools on the same physical tablet. A higher level means more fine-grained debug messages, a level of 0 turns debugging off for this tool. Requires the driver to be built with debugging enabled. See also ToolDebugLevel.  Default:  0, range of 0 to 12.
TabletPCButton on|off If on, the stylus must be in contact with the screen for a stylus side button to work.  If off, stylus buttons will work once the stylus is in proximity of the tablet (regardless of whether it is touching the screen).  Default:  on for Tablet PCs; off for all other models.
ToolSerialPrevious Get the serial number of the tool that was last in proximity last. This serial number is updated whenever the tool goes out of proximity. If the current tool went out of proximity once, this serial number is the one of the current tool. This is a read-only parameter.
Touch on|off If on, touch events are reported to userland, i.e., system cursor moves when user touches the tablet. If off, touch events are ignored. Default: on for devices that support touch; off for all other models.
HWTouchSwitchState on|off If on, it means touch switch is turned off. That is, touch events are reported to userland. If off, touch switch is turned on, i.e., touch events are ignored.  This is a read-only parameter. Initial touch switch state is retrieved from the kernel when X driver starts.