neulab/tldr huggingface dataset:
-raw96p Select Set RAW writing mode with 2352 byte sectors plus 96 bytes of packed P-W subchannel data resulting in a sector size of 2448 bytes.  This is the less preferred raw writing mode as only a few recorders support it and some of these recorders have bugs in the firmware implementation.  Don't use this mode if your recorder supports -raw96r or -raw16.  Writing data disks in raw mode needs significantly more CPU time than other write modes. If your CPU is too slow, this may result in buffer underruns.  Note that wodim needs to know the size of each track in advance for this mode (see the genisoimage -print-size option and the EXAMPLES section for more information).
-raw16 Select Set RAW writing mode with 2352 byte sectors plus 16 bytes of P-Q subchannel data resulting in a sector size of 2368 bytes. If a recorder does not support -raw96r, this is the preferred raw writing mode.  It does not allow to write CD-Text or CD+Graphics but it is the only raw writing mode in cheap CD writers.  As these cheap writers in most cases do not support -dao mode.  Don't use this mode if your recorder supports -raw96r.  Writing data disks in raw mode needs significantly more CPU time than other write modes. If your CPU is too slow, this may result in buffer underruns.  Note that wodim needs to know the size of each track in advance for this mode (see the genisoimage -print-size option and the EXAMPLES section for more information).
-multi Allow multi session CDs to be made. This flag needs to be present on all sessions of a multi session disk, except you want to create a session that will be the last session on the media.  The fixation will be done in a way that allows the CD/DVD-Recorder to append additional sessions later. This is done by generation a TOC with a link to the next program area. The so generated media is not 100% compatible to manufactured CDs (except for CDplus).  Use only for recording of multi session CDs.  If this option is present, the default track type is CD-ROM XA mode 2 form 1 and the sector size is 2048 bytes.  The XA sector subheaders will be created by the drive.  The Sony drives have no hardware support for CD-ROM XA mode 2 form 1.  You have to specify the -data option in order to create multi session disks on these drives.  As long as wodim does not have a coder for converting data sectors to audio sectors, you need to force CD-ROM sectors by including the -data option if you like to record a multisession disk in SAO mode.  Not all drives allow multisession CDs in SAO mode.
-msinfo Retrieve multi session info in a form suitable for genisoimage and print it to standard output. See msifile= option for another version.
This option makes only sense with a CD that contains at least one closed session and is appendable (not finally closed yet).  Some drives create error messages if you try to get the multi session info for a disk that is not suitable for this operation.
msifile=filename Like -msinfo option but also stores the multi session info in a file.
-toc   Retrieve and print out the table of content or PMA of a CD.  With this option, wodim will work with CD-R drives and with CD-ROM drives.
-atip  Retrieve and print out the ATIP (absolute Time in Pre-groove) info of a CD/DVD recordable or CD/DVD re-writable media.  With this option, wodim will try to retrieve the ATIP info. If the actual drive does not support to read the ATIP info, it may be that only a reduced set of information records or even nothing is displayed. Only a limited number of MMC compliant drives support to read the ATIP info.
If wodim is able to retrieve the lead-in start time for the first session, it will try to decode and print the manufacturer info from the media.  DVD media does not have ATIP information but there is equivalent prerecorded information that is read out and printed.
-fix   The disk will only be fixated (i.e. a TOC for a CD-Reader will be written).  This may be used, if for some reason the disk has been written but not fixated. This option currently does not work with old TEAC drives (CD-R50S and CD-R55S).
-nofix Do not fixate the disk after writing the tracks. This may be used to create an audio disk in steps. An un-fixated disk can usually not be used on a non CD-writer type drive but there are audio CD players that will be able to play such a disk.
-waiti Wait for input to become available on standard input before trying to open the SCSI driver. This allows wodim to read its input from a pipe even when writing additional sessions to a multi session disk.  When writing another session to a multi session disk, genisoimage needs to read the old session from the device before writing output.  This cannot be done if wodim opens the SCSI driver at the same time.
-load  Load the media and exit. This only works with a tray loading mechanism but seems to be useful when using the Kodak disk transporter.
-lock  Load the media, lock the door and exit. This only works with a tray loading mechanism but seems to be useful when using the Kodak disk transporter.
-eject Eject disk after doing the work.  Some devices (e.g. Philips) need to eject the medium before creating a new disk. Doing a -dummy test and immediately creating a real disk would not work on these devices.
speed=# Set the speed factor of the writing process to #.  # is an integer, representing a multiple of the audio speed.  This is about 150 KB/s for CD-ROM, about 172 KB/s for CD-Audio and about 1385 kB/s for DVD media.  If no speed option is present, wodim will try to get a drive specific speed value from the file /etc/wodim.conf and if it cannot find one, it will try to get the speed value from the CDR_SPEED environment and later from the CDR_SPEED= entry in /etc/wodim.conf.  If no speed value could be found, wodim uses a drive specific default speed.  The default for all new (MMC compliant) drives is to use the maximum supported by the drive.  If you use speed=0 with a MMC compliant drive, wodim will switch to the lowest possible speed for drive and medium.  If you are using an old (non MMC) drive that has problems with speed=2 or speed=4, you should try speed=0.
blank=type Blank a CD-RW and exit or blank a CD-RW before writing. The blanking type may be one of:
help        Display a list of possible blanking types.
all         Blank the entire disk. This may take a long time.
fast        Minimally blank the disk. This results in erasing the PMA, the TOC and the pregap.
track       Blank a track.
unreserve   Unreserve a reserved track.
trtail      Blank the tail of a track.
unclose     Unclose last session.
session     Blank the last session. Not all drives support all blanking types. It may be necessary to use blank=all if a drive reports a specified command as being invalid.  If used together with the -force flag, this option may be used to blank CD- RW disks that otherwise cannot be blanked. Note that you may need to specify blank=all because some drives will not continue with certain types of bad CD-RW disks. Note also that wodim does its best if the -force flag is used but it finally depends on the drive's firmware whether the blanking operation will succeed or not.
-format Format a CD-RW/DVD-RW/DVD+RW disc.  Formatting is currently only implemented for DVD+RW media.  A 'maiden' DVD+RW media needs to be formatted before you may write to it.  However, as wodim autodetects the need for formatting in this case and auto formats the medium before it starts writing, the -format option is only needed if you like to forcibly reformat a DVD+RW medium.
fs=#   Set the FIFO (ring buffer) size to #.  You may use the same syntax as in dd(1), sdd(1) or star(1).  The number representing the size is taken in bytes unless otherwise specified.  If a number is followed directly by the letter `b', `k', `m', `s' or `f', the size is multiplied by 512, 1024, 1024*1024, 2048 or 2352.  If the size consists of numbers separated by `x' or `*', multiplication of the two numbers is performed.  Thus fs=10x63k will specify a FIFO size of 630 kBytes.
The size specified by the fs= argument includes the shared memory that is needed for administration. This is at least one page of memory.  If no fs= option is present, wodim will try to get the FIFO size value from the CDR_FIFOSIZE environment.  The default FIFO size is currently 4 MB.
The FIFO is used to increase buffering for the real time writing process.  It allows to run a pipe from genisoimage directly into wodim.  If the FIFO is active and a pipe from genisoimage into wodim is used to create a CD, wodim will abort prior to do any modifications on the disk if genisoimage dies before it starts writing.  The recommended FIFO size is between 4 and 128 MBytes. As a rule of thumb, the FIFO size should be at least equal to the size of the internal buffer of the CD/DVD-Recorder and no more than half of the physical amount of RAM available in the machine. If the FIFO size is big enough, the FIFO statistics will print a FIFO empty count of zero and the FIFO min fill is not below 20%. It is not wise to use too much space for the FIFO. If you need more than 8 MB to write a CD at a speed less than 20x from an image on a local file system on an idle machine, your machine is either underpowered, has hardware problems or is mis-configured. If you like to write DVDs or CDs at higher speed, it makes sense to use at least 16 MB for the FIFO.
On old and small machines, you need to be more careful with the FIFO size.  If your machine has less than 256 MB of physical RAM, you should not set up a FIFO size that is more than 32 MB.  The sun4c architecture (e.g. a Sparcstation-2) has only MMU page table entries for 16 MBytes per process. Using more than 14 MBytes for the FIFO may cause the operating system in this case to spend much time to constantly reload the MMU tables. Newer machines from Sun do not have this MMU hardware problem. I have no information on PC-hardware reflecting this problem.
Old Linux systems for non x86 platforms have broken definitions for the shared memory size. You need to fix them and rebuild the kernel or manually tell wodim to use a smaller FIFO.
If you have buffer underruns or similar problems (like a constantly empty drive buffer) and observe a zero fifo empty count, you have hardware problems that prevents the data from flowing fast enough from the kernel memory to the drive. The FIFO size in this case is sufficient, but you should check for a working DMA setup.
ts=#   Set the maximum transfer size for a single SCSI command to #.  The syntax for the ts= option is the same as for wodim fs=# or sdd bs=#.
If no ts= option has been specified, wodim defaults to a transfer size of 63 kB. If libusal gets lower values from the operating system, the value is reduced to the maximum value that is possible with the current operating system.  Sometimes, it may help to further reduce the transfer size or to enhance it, but note that it may take a long time to find a better value by experimenting with the ts= option.
dev=target Sets the SCSI target for the CD/DVD-Recorder, see notes above.  A typical device specification is dev=6,0 .  A filename or virtual device name can be passed instead of the symbolic SCSI numbers. The correct device/filename in this case can be found in the system specific manuals of the target operating system.  On a FreeBSD system without CAM support, you need to use the control device (e.g.  /dev/rcd0.ctl).  A correct device specification in this case may be dev=/dev/rcd0.ctl:@ .
On Linux and Windows 2000/XP, drives are accessible with their device (or drive) names or with the symbolic SCSI numbers (not recommended, mapping is not stable and could be completely removed in the future).
If no dev option is present, wodim will try to get the device from the CDR_DEVICE environment.
If the argument to the dev= option does not contain the characters ',', '/', '@' or ':', it is interpreted as an label name that may be found in the file /etc/wodim.conf (see FILES section).
gracetime=# Set the grace time before starting to write to # seconds.  Values below 2 seconds are not recommended to give the kernel or volume management a chance to learn the new state.
timeout=# Set the default SCSI command timeout value to # seconds.  The default SCSI command timeout is the minimum timeout used for sending SCSI commands.  If a SCSI command fails due to a timeout, you may try to raise the default SCSI command timeout above the timeout value of the failed command.  If the command runs correctly with a raised command timeout, please report the better timeout value and the corresponding command to the author of the program.  If no timeout option is present, a default timeout of 40 seconds is used.
driver=name Allows the user to manually select a driver for the device.  The reason for the existence of the driver=name option is to allow users to use wodim with drives that are similar to supported drives but not known directly by wodim.  All drives made after 1997 should be MMC standard compliant and thus supported by one of the MMC drivers.  It is most unlikely that wodim is unable to find the right driver automatically.  Use this option with extreme care. If a wrong driver is used for a device, the possibility of creating corrupted disks is high.  The minimum problem related to a wrong driver is that the speed= or -dummy will not work.
The following driver names are supported:
help   To get a list of possible drivers together with a short description.
mmc_cd The generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-ROM driver is auto-selected whenever wodim finds a MMC compliant drive that does not identify itself to support writing at all, or that only identifies to support media or write modes not implemented in wodim.
mmc_cd_dvd The generic SCSI-3/mmc CD/DVD driver is auto-selected whenever wodim finds a MMC-2 or MMC-3 compliant drive that seems to support more than one medium type and the tray is open or no medium could be found to select the right driver.  This driver tries to close the tray, checks the medium found in the tray and then branches to the driver that matches the current medium.
mmc_cdr The generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver is auto-selected whenever wodim find a MMC compliant drive that only supports to write CDs or a multi system drive that contains a CD as the current medium.
mmc_cdr_sony The generic SCSI-3/mmc CD-R/CD-RW driver is auto-selected whenever wodim would otherwise select the mmc_cdr driver but the device seems to be made by Sony.  The mmc_cdr_sony is definitely needed for the Sony CDU 928 as this drive does not completely implement the MMC standard and some of the MMC SCSI commands have to be replaced by Sony proprietary commands. It seems that all Sony drives (even newer ones) still implement the Sony proprietary SCSI commands so it has not yet become a problem to use this driver for all Sony drives. If you find a newer Sony drive that does not work with this driver, please report.
mmc_dvd The generic SCSI-3/mmc-2 DVD-R/DVD-RW driver is auto- selected whenever wodim finds a MMC-2 or MMC-3 compliant drive that supports to write DVDs and an appropriate medium is loaded.  There is no Track At Once mode for DVD writers.
mmc_dvdplus The generic SCSI-3/mmc-3 DVD+R/DVD+RW driver is auto- selected whenever one of the DVD+ media types that are incompatible to each other is found.  It checks media and then branches to the driver that matches the current medium.
mmc_dvdplusr The generic SCSI-3/mmc-3 DVD+R driver is auto-selected whenever a DVD+R medium is found in an appropriate writer. Note that for unknown reason, the DVD-Plus alliance does not like that there is a simulation mode for DVD+R media. The author of wodim tries to convince manufacturers to implement a simulation mode for DVD+R and implement support.  DVD+R only supports one write mode that is somewhere between Track At Once and Packet writing; this mode is selected in wodim via a the -dao/-sao option.
mmc_dvdplusrw The generic SCSI-3/mmc-3 DVD+RW driver is auto-selected whenever a DVD+RW medium is found in an appropriate writer. As DVD+RW media needs to be formatted before its first use, wodim auto-detects this media state and performs a format before it starts to write.  Note that for unknown reason, the DVD-Plus alliance does not like that there is a simulation mode nor a way to erase DVD+RW media.  DVD+RW only supports one write mode that is close to Packet writing; this mode is selected in wodim via a the -dao/-sao option.
cw_7501 The driver for Matsushita/Panasonic CW-7501 is auto- selected when wodim finds this old pre MMC drive.  wodim supports all write modes for this drive type.
kodak_pcd_600 The driver for Kodak PCD-600 is auto-selected when wodim finds this old pre MMC drive which has been the first high speed (6x) CD writer for a long time. This drive behaves similar to the Philips CDD-521 drive.
philips_cdd521 The driver for Philips CDD-521 is auto-selected when wodim finds a Philips CDD-521 drive (which is the first CD writer ever made) or one of the other drives that are known to behave similar to this drive.  All Philips CDD-521 or similar drives (see other drivers in this list) do not support Session At Once recording.
philips_cdd521_old The driver for Philips old CDD-521 is auto-selected when wodim finds a Philips CDD-521 with very old firmware which has some known limitations.
philips_cdd522 The driver for Philips CDD-522 is auto-selected when wodim finds a Philips CDD-522 which is the successor of the 521 or one of its variants with Kodak label.  wodim does not support Session At Once recording with these drives.
philips_dumb The driver for Philips CDD-521 with pessimistic assumptions is never auto-selected.  It may be used by hand with drives that behave similar to the Philips CDD-521.
pioneer_dws114x The driver for Pioneer DW-S114X is auto-selected when wodim finds one of the old non MMC CD writers from Pioneer.
plasmon_rf4100 The driver for Plasmon RF 4100 is auto-selected when wodim finds this specific variant of the Philips CDD-521.
ricoh_ro1060c The driver for Ricoh RO-1060C is auto-selected when wodim finds this drive. There is no real support for this drive yet.
ricoh_ro1420c The driver for Ricoh RO-1420C is auto-selected when wodim finds a drive with this specific variant of the Philips CDD-521 command set.
scsi2_cd The generic SCSI-2 CD-ROM driver is auto-selected whenever wodim finds a pre MMC drive that does not support writing or a pre MMC writer that is not supported by wodim.
sony_cdu924 The driver for Sony CDU-924 / CDU-948 is auto-selected whenever wodim finds one of the old pre MMC CD writers from Sony.
teac_cdr50 The driver for Teac CD-R50S, Teac CD-R55S, JVC XR-W2010, Pinnacle RCD-5020 is auto-selected whenever one of the drives is found that is known to the non MMC command set used by TEAC and JVC.  Note that many drives from JVC will not work because they do not correctly implement the documented command set and JVC has been unwilling to fix or document the bugs.  There is no support for the Session At Once write mode yet.
tyuden_ew50 The driver for Taiyo Yuden EW-50 is auto-selected when wodim finds a drive with this specific variant of the Philips CDD-521 command set.
yamaha_cdr100 The driver for Yamaha CDR-100 / CDR-102 is auto-selected when wodim finds one of the old pre MMC CD writers from Yamaha.  There is no support for the Session At Once write mode yet.
cdr_simul The simulation CD-R driver allows to run timing and speed tests with parameters that match the behavior of CD writers.
dvd_simul The simulation DVD-R driver allows to run timing and speed tests with parameters that match the behavior of DVD writers.
There are two special driver entries in the list: cdr_simul and dvd_simul.  These driver entries are designed to make timing tests at any speed or timing tests for drives that do not support the -dummy option.  The simulation drivers implement a drive with a buffer size of 1 MB that can be changed via the CDR_SIMUL_BUFSIZE environment variable.  The simulation driver correctly simulates even a buffer underrun condition.  If the -dummy option is present, the simulation is not aborted in case of a buffer underrun.
driveropts=option list Set driver specific options. The options are specified a comma separated list.  To get a list of valid options use driveropts=help together with the -checkdrive option.  If you like to set driver options without running a typical wodim task, you need to use the -setdropts option in addition, otherwise the command line parser in wodim will complain.  Currently implemented driver options are:
burnfree Turn the support for Buffer Underrun Free writing on.  This only works for drives that support Buffer Underrun Free technology, which is available on most drives manufactured in this millennium.  This may be called: Sanyo BURN-Proof, Ricoh Just-Link, Yamaha Lossless-Link or similar.
This option is deprecated and is mentioned here for documentation purposes only. The BURN-Free feature is enabled by default if the drive supports it.  However, use of BURN-Free may cause decreased burning quality. Therefore it can be useful to disable it for certain purposes, eg. when creating a master copy for mass CD production.
noburnfree Turn the support for Buffer Underrun Free writing off.
varirec=value Turn on the Plextor VariRec writing mode. The mandatory parameter value is the laser power offset and currently may be selected from -2, -1, 0, 1, 2.  In addition, you need to set the write speed to 4 in order to allow VariRec to work.
gigarec=value Manage the Plextor GigaRec writing mode. The mandatory parameter value is the disk capacity ratio compared to normal recording and currently may be selected from 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4.  If values < 1.0 are used, then the effect is similar to the Yamaha Audio Master Q. R. feature. If values > 1.0 are used, then the disk capacity is increased.
Not all drives support all GigaRec values.  When a drive uses the GigaRec feature, the write speed is limited to 8x.
audiomaster Turn on the Yamaha Audio Master Q. R.  feature which usually should result in high quality CDs that have less reading problems in Hi-Fi players.  As this is implemented as a variant of the Session at Once write mode, it will only work if you select SAO write mode and there is no need to turn it off.  The Audio Master mode will work with a limited speed but may also be used with data CDs. In Audio Master mode, the pits on the CD will be written larger then usual so the capacity of the medium is reduced when turning this feature on.  A 74 minute CD will only have a capacity of 63 minutes if Audio Master is active and the capacity of a 80 minute CD will be reduced to 68 minutes.
forcespeed Normally, modern drives know the highest possible speed for different media and may reduce the speed in order to grant best write quality.  This technology may be called: Plextor PowerRec, Ricoh Just-Speed, Yamaha Optimum Write Speed Control or similar.  Some drives (e.g. Plextor, Ricoh and Yamaha) allow to force the drive to use the selected speed even if the medium is so bad that the write quality would be poor. This option tells such a drive to force to use the selected speed regardless of the medium quality.
Use this option with extreme care and note that the drive should know better which medium will work at full speed. The default is to turn forcespeed off, regardless of the defaults of the drive.
noforcespeed Turn off the force speed feature.
speedread Some ultra high speed drives such as 48x and faster drives from Plextor limit the read speed for unknown media to e.g. 40x in order to avoid damaged disks and drives.  Using this option tells the drive to read any media as fast as possible.  Be very careful as this may cause the media to break in the drive while reading, resulting in a damaged media and drive!
nospeedread Turn off unlimited read speed.
singlesession Turn the drive into a single session only drive.  This allows to read defective or non-compliant (illegal) media with extremely non-standard additional (broken/illegal) TOC entries in the TOC from the second or higher session. Some of these disks become usable if only the information from the first session is used.  You need to enable Single Session mode before you insert the defective disk!
nosinglesession Turn off single session mode. The drive will again behave as usual.
hidecdr Hide the fact that a medium might be a recordable medium. This allows to make CD-Rs look like CD-ROMs and applications believe that the media in the drive is not a CD-R.
nohidecdr Turn off hiding CD-R media.
tattooinfo Use this option together with -checkdrive to retrieve the image size information for the Yamaha DiskT@2 feature. The images always have a line length of 3744 pixel.  Line number 0 (radius 0) is mapped to the center of the disk. If you know the inner and outer radius you will be able to create a pre distorted image that later may appear undistorted on the disk.
tattoofile=name Use this option together with -checkdrive to write an image prepared for the Yamaha DiskT@2 feature to the medium.  The file must be a file with raw image B&W data (one byte per pixel) in a size as retrieved by a previous call to tattoofile=name .  If the size of the image equals the maximum possible size (3744 x 320 pixel), wodim will use the first part of the file. This first part then will be written to the leftover space on the CD.
Note that the image must be mirrored to be readable from the pick up side of the CD.
-setdropts Set the driveropts specified by driveropts=option list, the speed of the drive and the dummy flag and exit.  This allows wodim to set drive specific parameters that are not directly used by wodim like e.g.  single session mode, hide cdr and similar.  It is needed in case that driveropts=option list should be called without planning to run a typical wodim task.
-checkdrive Checks if a driver for the current drive is present and exit.  If the drive is a known drive, wodim uses exit code 0.
-prcap Print the drive capabilities for SCSI-3/mmc compliant drives as obtained from mode page 0x2A. Values marked with kB use 1000 bytes as kilo-byte, values marked with KB use 1024 bytes as Kilo-byte.
-inq   Do an inquiry for the drive, print the inquiry info and exit.
-scanbus Scan all SCSI devices on all SCSI busses and print the inquiry strings. This option may be used to find SCSI address of the CD/DVD-Recorder on a system. If some device types are invisible, try using dev=ATA: or similar option to give a hint about the device type you are looking for.  The numbers printed out as labels are computed by: bus * 100 + target.  On platforms and device systems without persistent SCSI number management the results are not reliable. Use the .B --devices option instead.
--devices Look for useable devices using the system specific functions, eg. probing with usual device nodes in /dev/*, and display the detections using symbolic device names in OS specific syntax.
-reset Try to reset the SCSI bus where the CD recorder is located. This works not on all operating systems.
-abort Try to send an abort sequence to the drive.  If you use wodim only, this should never be needed; but other software may leave a drive in an unusable condition.  Calling wodim -reset may be needed if a previous write has been interrupted and the software did not tell the drive that it will not continue to write.
-overburn Allow wodim to write more than the official size of a medium. This feature is usually called overburning and depends on the fact that most blank media may hold more space than the official size. As the official size of the lead-out area on the disk is 90 seconds (6750 sectors) and a disk usually works if there are at least 150 sectors of lead out, all media may be overburned by at least 88 seconds (6600 sectors).  Most CD recorders only do overburning in SAO or RAW mode. Known exceptions are TEAC CD-R50S, TEAC CD-R55S and the Panasonic CW-7502.  Some drives do not allow to overburn as much as you might like and limit the size of a CD to e.g. 76 minutes. This problem may be circumvented by writing the CD in RAW mode because this way the drive has no chance to find the size before starting to burn.  There is no guarantee that your drive supports overburning at all.  Make a test to check if your drive implements the feature.
-ignsize Ignore the known size of the medium. This option should be used with extreme care, it exists only for debugging purposes don't use it for other reasons.  It is not needed to write disks with more than the nominal capacity.  This option implies -overburn.
-useinfo Use *.inf files to overwrite audio options.  If this option is used, the pregap size information is read from the *.inf file that is associated with the file that contains the audio data for a track.
If used together with the -audio option, wodim may be used to write audio CDs from a pipe from icedax if you call wodim with the *.inf files as track parameter list instead of using audio files. The audio data is read from stdin in this case.  See EXAMPLES section below.  wodim first verifies that stdin is not connected to a terminal and runs some heuristic consistency checks on the *.inf files and then sets the track lengths from the information in the *.inf files.
If you like to write from stdin, make sure that wodim is called with a large enough FIFO size, reduce the write speed to a value below the read speed of the source drive and switch the burn-free option for the recording drive on.
defpregap=# Set the default pre-gap size for all tracks except track number 1. This option currently only makes sense with the TEAC drive when creating track-at-once disks without the 2 second silence before each track. This option may go away in future.
-packet Set Packet writing mode.  This is an experimental interface.
pktsize=# Set the packet size to #, forces fixed packet mode.  This is an experimental interface.
-noclose Do not close the current track, useful only when in packet writing mode.  This is an experimental interface.
mcn=med_cat_nr Set the Media Catalog Number of the CD to med_cat_nr.
-text  Write CD-Text information based on information taken from a file that contains ascii information for the text strings.  wodim supports CD-Text information based on the content of the *.inf files created by icedax and CD-Text information based on the content from a CUE sheet file.  If a CUE sheet file contains both (binary CDTEXTFILE and text based SONGWRITER) entries, then the information based on the CDTEXTFILE entry will win.
You need to use the -useinfo option in addition in order to tell wodim to read the *.inf files or cuefile=filename in order to tell wodim to read a CUE sheet file in addition.  If you like to write your own CD-Text information, edit the *.inf files or the CUE sheet file with a text editor and change the fields that are relevant for CD-Text.
textfile=filename Write CD-Text based on information found in the binary file filename.  This file must contain information in a data format defined in the SCSI-3 MMC-2 standard and in the Red Book. The four byte size header that is defined in the SCSI standard is optional and allows to make the recognition of correct data less ambiguous. This is the best option to be used to copy CD-Text data from existing CDs that already carry CD-Text information. To get data in a format suitable for this option use wodim -vv -toc to extract the information from disk.  If both, textfile=filename and CD-Text information from *.inf or *.cue files are present, textfile=filename will overwrite the other information.
cuefile=filename Take all recording related information from a CDRWIN compliant CUE sheet file.  No track files are allowed when this option is present and the option -dao is currently needed in addition.
Track options may be mixed with track file names.
isrc=ISRC_number Set the International Standard Recording Number for the next track to ISRC_number.
index=list Sets an index list for the next track.  In index list is a comma separated list of numbers that are counting from index 1. The first entry in this list must contain a 0, the following numbers must be an ascending list of numbers (counting in 1/75 seconds) that represent the start of the indices. An index list in the form: 0,7500,15000 sets index 1 to the start of the track, index 2 100 seconds from the start of the track and index 3 200 seconds from the start of the track.
-audio If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in CD- DA (similar to Red Book) audio format.  The file with data for this tracks should contain stereo, 16-bit digital audio with 44100 samples/s.  The byte order should be the following: MSB left, LSB left, MSB right, LSB right, MSB left and so on. The track should be a multiple of 2352 bytes. It is not possible to put the master image of an audio track on a raw disk because data will be read in multiple of 2352 bytes during the recording process.
If a filename ends in .au or .wav the file is considered to be a structured audio data file.  wodim assumes that the file in this case is a Sun audio file or a Microsoft .WAV file and extracts the audio data from the files by skipping over the non-audio header information.  In all other cases, wodim will only work correctly if the audio data stream does not have any header.  Because many structured audio files do not have an integral number of blocks (1/75th second) in length, it is often necessary to specify the -pad option as well.  wodim recognizes that audio data in a .WAV file is stored in Intel (little-endian) byte order, and will automatically byte-swap the data if the CD recorder requires big- endian data.  wodim will reject any audio file that does not match the Red Book requirements of 16-bit stereo samples in PCM coding at 44100 samples/second.
Using other structured audio data formats as input to wodim will usually work if the structure of the data is the structure described above (raw pcm data in big-endian byte order).  However, if the data format includes a header, you will hear a click at the start of a track.
If neither -data nor -audio have been specified, wodim defaults to -audio for all filenames that end in .au or .wav and to -data for all other files.
-swab  If this flag is present, audio data is assumed to be in byte- swapped (little-endian) order.  Some types of CD-Writers e.g. Yamaha, Sony and the new SCSI-3/mmc drives require audio data to be presented in little-endian order, while other writers require audio data to be presented in the big-endian (network) byte order normally used by the SCSI protocol.  wodim knows if a CD-Recorder needs audio data in big- or little-endian order, and corrects the byte order of the data stream to match the needs of the recorder. You only need the -swab flag if your data stream is in Intel (little-endian) byte order.
Note that the verbose output of wodim will show you if swapping is necessary to make the byte order of the input data fit the required byte order of the recorder.  wodim will not show you if the -swab flag was actually present for a track.
-data  If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in CD- ROM mode 1 (Yellow Book) format. The data size is a multiple of 2048 bytes.  The file with track data should contain an ISO-9660 or Rock Ridge filesystem image (see genisoimage for more details). If the track data is an ufs filesystem image, fragment size should be set to 2 KB or more to allow CD-drives with 2 KB sector size to be used for reading.
-data is the default, if no other flag is present and the file does not appear to be of one of the well known audio file types.
-mode2 If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in CD- ROM mode 2 format. The data size is a multiple of 2336 bytes.
-xa    If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in CD- ROM XA mode 2 form 1 format. The data size is a multiple of 2048 bytes.  The XA sector sub headers will be created by the drive. With this option, the write mode is the same as with the -multi option.
-xa1   If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in CD- ROM XA mode 2 form 1 format. The data size is a multiple of 2056 bytes.  The XA sector sub headers are part of the user data and have to be supplied by the application that prepares the data to be written.
-xa2   If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in CD- ROM XA mode 2 form 2 format. The data is a multiple of 2324 bytes. The XA sector sub headers will be created by the drive.
-xamix If this flag is present, all subsequent tracks are written in a way that allows a mix of CD-ROM XA mode 2 form 1/2 format. The data size is a multiple of 2332 bytes.  The XA sector sub headers are part of the user data and have to be supplied by the application that prepares the data to be written.  The CRC and the P/Q parity ECC/EDC information (depending on the sector type) have to be supplied by the application that prepares the data to be written.
-cdi   If this flag is present, the TOC type for the disk is set to CDI. This only makes sense with XA disks.
-isosize Use the ISO-9660 file system size as the size of the next track. This option is needed if you want wodim to directly read the image of a track from a raw disk partition or from a TAO master CD. In the first case the option -isosize is needed to limit the size of the CD to the size of the ISO filesystem.  In the second case the option -isosize is needed to prevent wodim from reading the two run out blocks that are appended by each CD-recorder in track at once mode. These two run out blocks cannot be read and would cause a buffer underrun that would cause a defective copy.  Do not use this option on files created by genisoimage and in case wodim reads the track data from stdin.  In the first case, you would prevent wodim from writing the amount of padding that has been appended by genisoimage and in the latter case, it will not work because stdin is not seekable.
If -isosize is used for a track, wodim will automatically add padding for this track as if the -pad option has been used but the amount of padding may be less than the padding written by genisoimage.  Note that if you use -isosize on a track that contains Sparc boot information, the boot information will be lost.
Note also that this option cannot be used to determine the size of a file system if the multi session option is present.
-pad   If the track is a data track, 15 sectors of zeroed data will be added to the end of this and each subsequent data track.  In this case, the -pad option is superseded by the padsize= option. It will remain however as a shorthand for padsize=15s.  If the -pad option refers to an audio track, wodim will pad the audio data to be a multiple of 2352 bytes.  The audio data padding is done with binary zeroes which is equal to absolute silence.
-pad remains valid until disabled by -nopad.
padsize=# Set the amount of data to be appended as padding to the next track to #.  Opposed to the behavior of the -pad option, the value for padsize= is reset to zero for each new track.  wodim assumes a sector size of 2048 bytes for the padsize= option, independent from the real sector size and independent from the write mode. The megabytes mentioned in the verbose mode output however are counting the output sector size which is e.g. 2448 bytes when writing in RAW/RAW96 mode.  See fs= option for possible arguments. To pad the equivalent of 20 minutes on a CD, you may write padsize=20x60x75s.  Use this option if your CD-drive is not able to read the last sectors of a track or if you want to be able to read the CD on a Linux system with the ISO-9660 filesystem read ahead bug.  If an empty file is used for track data, this option may be used to create a disk that is entirely made of padding. This may e.g. be used to find out how much overburning is possible with a specific media.
-nopad Do not pad the following tracks - the default.
-shorttrack Allow all subsequent tracks to violate the Red Book track length standard which requires a minimum track length of 4 seconds.  This option is only useful when used in SAO or RAW mode.  Not all drives support this feature. The drive must accept the resulting CUE sheet or support RAW writing.
-noshorttrack Re-enforce the Red Book track length standard. Tracks must be at least 4 seconds.
pregap=# Set the  pre-gap size for the next track.  This option currently only makes sense with the TEAC drive when creating track-at-once disks without the 2 second silence before each track. This option may go away in future.
-preemp If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subsequent audio tracks will indicate that the audio data has been sampled with 50/15 microsec pre-emphasis.  The data, however is not modified during the process of transferring from file to disk.  This option has no effect on data tracks.
-nopreemp If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subsequent audio tracks will indicate that the audio data has been mastered with linear data - this is the default.
-copy  If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subsequent audio tracks of the resulting CD will indicate that the audio data has permission to be copied without limit.  This option has no effect on data tracks.
-nocopy If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subsequent audio tracks of the resulting CD will indicate that the audio data has permission to be copied only once for personal use - this is the default.
-scms  If this flag is present, all TOC entries for subsequent audio tracks of the resulting CD will indicate that the audio data has no permission to be copied anymore.
tsize=# If the master image for the next track has been stored on a raw disk, use this option to specify the valid amount of data on this disk. If the image of the next track is stored in a regular file, the size of that file is taken to determine the length of this track.  If the track contains an ISO 9660 filesystem image use the -isosize option to determine the length of that filesystem image. In Disk at Once mode and with some drives that use the TEAC programming interface, even in Track at Once mode, wodim needs to know the size of each track before starting to write the disk. wodim now checks this and aborts before starting to write.  If this happens you will need to run genisoimage -print-size before and use the output (with `s' appended) as an argument to the tsize= option of wodim (e.g. tsize=250000s). See fs= option for possible arguments.
For all examples below, it will be assumed that the CD/DVD-Recorder is connected to the primary SCSI bus of the machine. The SCSI target id is set to 2.
To record a pure CD-ROM at double speed, using data from the file cdimage.raw:
wodim -v speed=2 dev=2,0 cdimage.raw
To create an image for a ISO 9660 filesystem with Rock Ridge extensions:
genisoimage -R -o cdimage.raw /home/joerg/master/tree
To check the resulting file before writing to CD on Solaris:
mount -r -F fbk -o type=hsfs /dev/fbk0:cdimage.raw /mnt
On Linux:
mount cdimage.raw -r -t iso9660 -o loop /mnt
Go on with: ls -lR /mnt umount /mnt
If the overall speed of the system is sufficient and the structure of the filesystem is not too complex, wodim will run without creating an image of the ISO 9660 filesystem. Simply run the pipeline:
genisoimage -R /master/tree | wodim -v fs=6m speed=2 dev=2,0 -
The recommended minimum FIFO size for running this pipeline is 4 MBytes. As the default FIFO size is 4 MB, the fs= option needs only be present if you want to use a different FIFO size.  If your system is loaded, you should run genisoimage in the real time class too.  To raise the priority of genisoimage replace the command
genisoimage -R /master/tree by priocntl -e -c RT -p 59 genisoimage -R /master/tree
on Solaris and by
nice --18 genisoimage -R /master/tree
on systems that don't have UNIX International compliant real-time scheduling.
wodim runs at priority 59 on Solaris, you should run genisoimage at no more than priority 58. On other systems, you should run genisoimage at no less than nice --18.
Creating a CD-ROM without file system image on disk has been tested on a Sparcstation-2 with a Yamaha CDR-400. It did work up to quad speed when the machine was not loaded.  A faster machine may be able to handle quad speed also in the loaded case.
To record a pure CD-DA (audio) at single speed, with each track contained in a file named track01.cdaudio, track02.cdaudio, etc:
wodim -v speed=1 dev=/dev/cdrw -audio track*.cdaudio
To check if it will be ok to use double speed for the example above.  Use the dummy write option:
wodim -v -dummy speed=2 dev=/dev/cdrw -audio track*.cdaudio
To record a mixed-mode CD with an ISO 9660 filesystem from cdimage.raw on the first track, the other tracks being audio tracks from the files track01.cdaudio, track02.cdaudio, etc:
wodim -v dev=2,0 cdimage.raw -audio track*.cdaudio
To handle drives that need to know the size of a track before starting to write, first run
genisoimage -R -q -print-size /master/tree
and then run
genisoimage -R /master/tree | wodim speed=2 dev=2,0 tsize=XXXs -
where XXX is replaced by the output of the previous run of genisoimage.
To copy an audio CD in the most accurate way, first run
icedax dev=/dev/cdrom -vall cddb=0 -B -Owav
wodim dev=/dev/cdrw -v -dao -useinfo -text  *.wav
This will try to copy track indices and to read CD-Text information from disk.  If there is no CD-Text information, icedax will try to get the information from freedb.org instead.
To copy an audio CD from a pipe (without intermediate files), first run
icedax dev=1,0 -vall cddb=0 -info-only
icedax dev=1,0 -no-infofile -B -Oraw - | \ wodim dev=2,0 -v -dao -audio -useinfo -text *.inf
This will get all information (including track size info) from the *.inf files and then read the audio data from stdin.
If you like to write from stdin, make sure that wodim is called with a large enough FIFO size (e.g.  fs=128m), reduce the write speed to a value below the read speed of the source drive (e.g.  speed=12), and get a CD/DVD drive with BURN-Free feature if it is not available yet.
To set drive options without writing a CD (e.g. to switch a drive to single session mode), run
wodim dev=1,0 -setdropts driveropts=singlesession
If you like to do this when no CD is in the drive, call
wodim dev=1,0 -force -setdropts driveropts=singlesession
To copy a CD in clone mode, first read the master CD using:
readom dev=b,t,l -clone f=somefile
or (in case the CD contains many sectors that are unreadable by intention) by calling:
readom dev=1,0 -clone -nocorr f=somefile
will create the files somefile and somefile.toc.  Then write the CD using:
wodim dev=1,0 -raw96r -clone -v somefile
CDR_DEVICE This may either hold a device identifier that is suitable to the open call of the SCSI transport library or a label in the file /etc/wodim.conf.
CDR_SPEED Sets the default speed value for writing (see also speed= option).
CDR_FIFOSIZE Sets the default size of the FIFO (see also fs=# option).
CDR_FORCERAWSPEED If this environment variable is set, wodim will allow you to write at the full RAW encoding speed a single CPU supports.  This will create high potential of buffer underruns. Use with care.
CDR_FORCESPEED If this environment variable is set, wodim will allow you to write at the full DMA speed the system supports.  There is no DMA reserve for reading the data that is to be written from disk. This will create high potential of buffer underruns. Use with care.
Note that this forces wodim to create a pipe to the rsh(1) program and disallows wodim to directly access the network socket to the remote server.  This makes it impossible to set up performance parameters and slows down the connection compared to a root initiated rcmd(3) connection.
/etc/wodim.conf Default values can be set for the following options in /etc/wodim.conf.  For example: CDR_FIFOSIZE=8m or CDR_SPEED=2
CDR_DEVICE This may either hold a device identifier that is suitable to the open call of the SCSI transport library or a label in the file /etc/wodim.conf that allows to identify a specific drive on the system.
CDR_MAXFIFOSIZE Sets the maximum size of the FIFO (see also fs=# option).
Any other keyword (label) is an identifier (symbolic name) for a specific drive on the system.  Such an identifier may not contain the characters ',', '/', '@' or ':'.
Each line that follows a label contains a whitespace separated list of items.  Currently, four items are recognized: the drive's target specification, the default speed that should be used for this drive, the default FIFO size that should be used for this drive and drive specific options. The values for speed and fifosize may be set to -1 to tell wodim to use the global defaults.  target can be -1 to use the auto-guessing of the drive (see above).
The value for driveropts may be omitted or set to "" if no driveropts are used.  A typical line may look this way:
plex760= 0,5,0 12   50m  varirec=1