Over the past 60 years, climate change has led to an average decrease in agricultural yields of 21%.
In the U.S., agricultural yields have decreased by 5-15% since 1961, but in Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa, losses ranged from 26 to 34%.
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Global warming leads to soil depletion and causes anomalies that affect crop yields and, in the next 25 years, food production may decrease by 12%.
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Ukraine has reported that its agricultural climate zones have shifted northwards by hundreds of kilometers, and temperatures have increased by more than 1°C in 10 years.
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Brazil and Vietnam are becoming vulnerable to drought due to global warming.
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Uzbekistan's average annual temperature has increased by 1.6 degrees Celsius, while 90-92% of its scarce water is spent on irrigation.
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While climate change could create opportunities like a second harvest or benefit plants like grapes; coffee, chocolate, palm oil, and soybeans are adversely affected.
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Rice, corn and wheat could be adversely affected by the increased insect activity.
Warming increases the metabolic and reproduction rates of insects.
Annual wheat crop losses could reach 59 million tons from the current production of 749.4 million tons due to insect activity.
Together with rice and corn, losses could reach 213 million tons.
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In general, the poorer the country, the greater the risk.
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and people who suffer the most are those living in Asia, the Sahel, the Middle East and the Arab Peninsula.
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Transitioning from industrial agriculture to regenerative agriculture and restoring shrubs and grass to the 25 million acres of land in the western US currently used for livestock production could offset up to 23% of all carbon emissions in the United States.
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Creating biochar is another way of mitigating climate change.
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The UN reported in 2019 that reducing the production of meat and dairy products and replacing them with plant-based foods will help combat the greenhouse effect.
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Warning: these questons and answers are not all representative of the way questions will be asked and answered in the pilot, because some questions are compound and some answers do not include citations.

Q: What countries have reported climate change impacting agriculture?
A: In Ukraine the climatic zones of agriculture are shifting northward by hundreds of kilometers. — We see that the temperature regime has increased by more than 1°C in 10 years. [8afc03fc-49e2-488c-82e3-b437e51be5fd]A: Half of the country was drenched in rain and floods; in the other half, the summer heat burned   the harvest. [0e95d9e6-0392-4e8b-ad83-852096a5f184]A: Brazil and Vietnam are becoming vulnerable to drought due to global warming, although  Colombia and Kenya are becoming less vulnerable. [0e0396da-aa19-4e92-bb68-0950ba964a1a]A: Since 1880, Uzbekistan's average annual temperature has increased by 1.6 degrees Celsius. Other Caucasus countries are also affected. [0bb3d2ee-d751-4c8d-8289-c90ad13fec32]A: 90-92% of all water used in Uzbekistan is spent on irrigating farmland with an area of 4.3 million hectares. [0bb3d2ee-d751-4c8d-8289-c90ad13fec32]

Q: Are there benefits to agriculture from climate change?
A: Increasing heat could bring benefits to agriculture - overwintering of animals will be easier,  there will be less need to cover heat-loving crops for the winter, and the sugar content of grapes may increase. The opportunities for obtaining several harvests per year and growing late-ripening and heat-loving crops are increasing - however, these benefits will be real only with sufficient moisture supply, Tatyana Khamzina emphasized. [0bb3d2ee-d751-4c8d-8289-c90ad13fec32]

Q: What has been the impact on crop production?
A: Over the past 60 years, global warming has led to an average decrease in agricultural yields   of 21%. In the U.S., agricultural yields have decreased by only 5-15% since 1961, however in Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa, losses ranged from 26 to 34%. [f00d1496-353e-407b-b13a-b71893ace576]

Q: The University of Maryland, in collaboration with Cornell University and Stanford University,  has reported that global agricultural productivity has fallen by 21% since 1961, which the researchers say is equivalent to a complete loss of productivity growth over the past 7 years. Since 1961, regions such as Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, which are located in regions with warmer climates, have already experienced a slowdown in growth by 26
A: 34%. The United States was less affected, with growth slowing by about 5-15%. [0e95d9e6-0392-4e8b-ad83-852096a5f184]

Q: What is anticipated to be the impact to future crop production?
A: Global warming leads to soil depletion and causes natural anomalies that affect crop yields. Because of this, in the next 25 years, food production may decrease by 12%, and food prices will become more expensive. [ff43c890-0596-4c57-96f4-7bb2e0ea4628]A: Due to lack of water, by 2030 Uzbekistan can expect a decrease in the yield of winter wheat, cotton and orchards by 7−9%, 4−5%, 6−8%, respectively. [0bb3d2ee-d751-4c8d-8289-c90ad13fec32]A: Over the next 25 years, land degradation could reduce global food production by at least 12%, raising global food prices and disrupting supply chains. [69321d44-2d80-42f7-88ce-849ef66a3bc9]

Q: Why are some countries more at risk?
A: One rule is that the poorer the country, the greater the risk. [f00d1496-353e-407b-b13a-b71893ace576]

Q: Who will suffer the most?
A: People who suffer the most are those living in Asia, the Sahel, the Middle East and the Arab Peninsula [69321d44-2d80-42f7-88ce-849ef66a3bc9]

Q: How could climate change impact insect activity?
A: American scientists have estimated the losses of world agriculture from insect pests, the activity of which will increase due to global warming. Annual wheat crop losses will reach 59 million tons at least from the current production of 749.4 million tons. Together with rice and corn, losses will amount to about 213 million tons, [20add5c9-d887-4d1e-bd93-7de08d930203]

Q: Which crops will insect activity impact?
A: Rice, corn and wheat - three key crops for about 4 billion people, according to statistics from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. [20add5c9-d887-4d1e-bd93-7de08d930203]

Q: How are insects being affected by climate change?
A: First, warming exponentially increases the metabolic rate of insects. Second, everywhere except the tropics, warming will increase their reproduction rates. [20add5c9-d887-4d1e-bd93-7de08d930203]

Q: What agricultural practices can be used to mitigate climate change or create a carbon sink?
A: Creating biochar [6e78ec7d-bb21-4991-80be-6ae8fc420aa0]A: Restoring shrubs and grass to the 25 million acres of land in the western US currently used for livestock production could offset up to 23% of all carbon emissions in the United States. We need to transition from the current industrial model of farming to regenerative agriculture that grows primarily plants. [10490cdf-2bae-46c0-beea-e3eef5e0a938]A: In 2019, experts from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report stating that Reducing consumption of meat and dairy products and replacing them with plant-based foods will help combat the greenhouse effect. [ff43c890-0596-4c57-96f4-7bb2e0ea4628]

Q: What popular crops could be impacted due to climate change?
A: Chocolate and coffee, palm oil, soybeans [0e0396da-aa19-4e92-bb68-0950ba964a1a]

Q: How specifically could climate change impact agriculture?
A: According to World Bank estimates, today the need for water for irrigation in agriculture is not fully satisfied. Due to lack of water, by 2030 we can expect a decrease in the yield of winter wheat, cotton and orchards by 7−9%, 4−5%, 6−8%, respectively. [0bb3d2ee-d751-4c8d-8289-c90ad13fec32]

Q: What specifically can be done to reduce the need for irrigation?
A: One of the main directions of the strategy is increasing the efficiency and keeping records of water use, as well as the introduction of water-saving technologies on 200 thousand hectares of area every year. [0bb3d2ee-d751-4c8d-8289-c90ad13fec32]