Over the last 100 years, the Earth's axis has shifted by 10 centimeters, according to NASA.
This is due to rising temperatures melting glaciers and mantle matter convection.
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Primarily from Greenland.
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Since Greenland is located at an angle of 45 degrees to the North Pole, the mass of the melt could influence the tilt of the earth’s axis.
[b3db]. , or the position of the rotation axis, more than any other mass at another location.
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Scientists used data on gravitational anomalies obtained from the American-German GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite.
[a47e]. , which allowed them to draw conclusions that the Earth's axis is especially sensitive to changes in water mass in mid-latitudes.
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The mass of Greenland's glaciers decreased by a record 532 billion tons in 2019.
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The Earth is not perfectly round, and its axis is not static, but oscillates - precession (tilts) and nutation (oscillations relative to the earth's crust).
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Usually, the Earth’s wobble can be attributed to glacier movement.
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NASA, however established three reasons: Mantle matter convection, glacial movement, and cryosphere melt-off.
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Since the beginning of the 20th century, Greenland has lost 750 gigatons of ice.
It flowed into the ocean, which led to rising sea levels and contributed to a shift in the planet's rotation axis.
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The melt-off leads to a redistribution of matter from the northern regions, in particular, Greenland, to the equator, as a result of which the planet’s rotation around its axis will slow down and cause the length of the day to increase.
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An international group of polar researchers found that the rate of ice melt in Greenland has increased sevenfold from 1992 to 2018.
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They analyzed nearly 30 years of satellite imagery and compared changes to the coastlines.
Since 1992, Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tons of ice, which corresponds to an increase in sea levels of 10.6 millimeters.
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In 2019, the glacier lost 600 billion tons of ice, about 197 billion in July alone.
The loss raised sea levels by 2.2 mm.
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Warning: these questons and answers are not all representative of the way questions will be asked and answered in the pilot, because some questions are compound and some answers do not include citations.

Q: What is shift from the normal tilt of the Earth’s axis?
A: 10 centimeters [8a288125-6f13-4ccd-9c93-54895da576db]

Q: Who has determined this shift?
A: NASA [8a288125-6f13-4ccd-9c93-54895da576db]

Q: Why does the melt-off from Greenland affect the Earth’s axis?
A: Since Greenland is located at an angle of 45 degrees to the North Pole, the mass of melt could influence the tilt of the earth’s axis [b3db366f-952b-4bee-b3c1-52a7d5cb97a7]A: The melt-off leads to a redistribution of matter from the northern regions, in particular, Greenland [7ddc5bab-96ec-4a9f-ad98-3055ab0bfe5d]A: the Earth's axis is especially sensitive to changes in water mass in mid-latitudes. [ad2e75c4-c562-4094-9188-4a1a9472b519]

Q: What satellite did researchers use?
A: American-German GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite [a47e9ce9-3b24-463d-af3a-8d08ce765299]

Q: By how much did the ice mass decrease in Greenland in 2019?
A: A record 532 billion tons. [e029a66e-b808-4ba7-98e2-e593c975c287]

Q: What does the Earth’s axis normally do?
A: Oscillates - precession (tilts) and nutation (oscillations relative to the earth's crust). [8a288125-6f13-4ccd-9c93-54895da576db]

Q: What can the axis wobble normally be attributed to?
A: Glacier movement. [8a288125-6f13-4ccd-9c93-54895da576db]

Q: What reasons has NASA discovered causes the wobble?
A: Mantle matter convection, glacial movement, and cryosphere melt-off. [8a288125-6f13-4ccd-9c93-54895da576db]

Q: How much ice has Greenland lost?
A: Since the beginning of the 20th century, Greenland lost 750 gigatons of ice. [8a288125-6f13-4ccd-9c93-54895da576db]A: Since 1992, Greenland has lost 3.8 trillion tons of ice [9ad158cc-4811-4a31-82bf-e41afa5e3c69]A: In 2019, the glacier lost 600 billion tons of ice, about 197 billion in July alone. [6462f7bd-61d5-4659-8289-3c3ff4f54ba2]

Q: The loss of ice corresponds to how much increase in sea levels?
A: 3.8 trillion tons corresponds to an increase in sea levels of 10.6 millimeters. [9ad158cc-4811-4a31-82bf-e41afa5e3c69]A: 600 billion tons raised sea levels by 2.2 mm. [6462f7bd-61d5-4659-8289-3c3ff4f54ba2]

Q: Has Greenland’s melt-off rate increased and if so, how much?
A: Rate of ice melt in Greenland has increased sevenfold from 1992 to 2018. [9ad158cc-4811-4a31-82bf-e41afa5e3c69, 6462f7bd-61d5-4659-8289-3c3ff4f54ba2]

Q: Who discovered this rate increase and how?
A: An international group of polar researchers analyzed nearly 30 years of satellite imagery and compared changes to the coastlines. [9ad158cc-4811-4a31-82bf-e41afa5e3c69]