Repository: pandas-dev/pandas (python)

Issue:
BUG: memory leak in `find_stack_level`
### Pandas version checks

- [X] I have checked that this issue has not already been reported.

- [X] I have confirmed this bug exists on the [latest version](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/whatsnew/index.html) of pandas.

- [X] I have confirmed this bug exists on the [main branch](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/getting_started/install.html#installing-the-development-version-of-pandas) of pandas.


### Reproducible Example

```python
from pandas.util._exceptions import find_stack_level
find_stack_level()
```


### Issue Description

The source for `find_stack_level` does not delete the frame reference

https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/blob/e92ea577ccce3ae8cc7da2baba44d72854f4947f/pandas/util/_exceptions.py#L33-L54

From the `inspect` docs:

> Note
> 
> Keeping references to frame objects, as found in the first element of the frame records these functions return, can cause your program to create reference cycles. Once a reference cycle has been created, the lifespan of all objects which can be accessed from the objects which form the cycle can become much longer even if Python’s optional cycle detector is enabled. If such cycles must be created, it is important to ensure they are explicitly broken to avoid the delayed destruction of objects and increased memory consumption which occurs.
> 
> Though the cycle detector will catch these, destruction of the frames (and local variables) can be made deterministic by removing the cycle in a finally clause. This is also important if the cycle detector was disabled when Python was compiled or using gc.disable(). For example:
> 
> ```py
> def handle_stackframe_without_leak():
>     frame = inspect.currentframe()
>     try:
>         # do something with the frame
>     finally:
>         del frame
> ```
> 
> If you want to keep the frame around (for example to print a traceback later), you can also break reference cycles by using the frame.clear() method.

### Expected Behavior

```py
def find_stack_level() -> int:
    """
    Find the first place in the stack that is not inside pandas
    (tests notwithstanding).
    """

    import pandas as pd

    pkg_dir = os.path.dirname(pd.__file__)
    test_dir = os.path.join(pkg_dir, "tests")
    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17407119/python-inspect-stack-is-slow
    frame = inspect.currentframe()
    try:
        n = 0
        while frame:
            fname = inspect.getfile(frame)
            if fname.startswith(pkg_dir) and not fname.startswith(test_dir):
                frame = frame.f_back
                n += 1
            else:
                break
    finally:
        del frame
    return n
```

- I would also replace the `while` loop with `for frame in iter(lambda: frame.f_back, None)`
  - [example](https://gist.github.com/lmmx/b9d3b4881f9b7fcc8498efe72883c0b8)

### Installed Versions

N/A

Pull request description:
54628 fix find stack level memory leak
- [ ] closes #54628 (Replace xxxx with the GitHub issue number)
- [ ] [Tests added and passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#writing-tests) if fixing a bug or adding a new feature
- [ ] All [code checks passed](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#pre-commit).
- [ ] Added [type annotations](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/dev/development/contributing_codebase.html#type-hints) to new arguments/methods/functions.
- [ ] Added an entry in the latest `doc/source/whatsnew/vX.X.X.rst` file if fixing a bug or adding a new feature.


Patch:
diff --git a/asv_bench/benchmarks/io/csv.py b/asv_bench/benchmarks/io/csv.py
index 9ac83db4f8..dae6107db4 100644
--- a/asv_bench/benchmarks/io/csv.py
+++ b/asv_bench/benchmarks/io/csv.py
@@ -408,6 +408,9 @@ class ReadCSVEngine(StringIORewind):
     def time_read_bytescsv(self, engine):
         read_csv(self.data(self.BytesIO_input), engine=engine)
 
+    def peakmem_read_csv(self, engine):
+        read_csv(self.data(self.BytesIO_input), engine=engine)
+
 
 class ReadCSVCategorical(BaseIO):
     fname = "__test__.csv"
diff --git a/doc/source/getting_started/install.rst b/doc/source/getting_started/install.rst
index b54a220f74..b2d137f125 100644
--- a/doc/source/getting_started/install.rst
+++ b/doc/source/getting_started/install.rst
@@ -277,11 +277,12 @@ Installable with ``pip install "pandas[excel]"``.
 ========================= ================== =============== =============================================================
 Dependency                Minimum Version    pip extra       Notes
 ========================= ================== =============== =============================================================
-xlrd                      2.0.1              excel           Reading Excel
-xlsxwriter                3.0.5              excel           Writing Excel
-openpyxl                  3.1.0              excel           Reading / writing for xlsx files
+xlrd                      2.0.1              excel           Reading for xls files
+xlsxwriter                3.0.5              excel           Writing for xlsx files
+openpyxl                  3.1.0              excel           Reading / writing for Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files
 pyxlsb                    1.0.10             excel           Reading for xlsb files
-python-calamine           0.1.7              excel           Reading for xls/xlsx/xlsb/ods files
+python-calamine           0.1.7              excel           Reading for xls/xlsx/xlsm/xlsb/xla/xlam/ods files
+odfpy                     1.4.1              excel           Reading / writing for OpenDocument 1.2 files
 ========================= ================== =============== =============================================================
 
 HTML
diff --git a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.1.rst b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.1.rst
index 93965ffed2..b9b2821ebc 100644
--- a/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.1.rst
+++ b/doc/source/whatsnew/v2.2.1.rst
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@ including other versions of pandas.
 
 Fixed regressions
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+- Fixed memory leak in :func:`read_csv` (:issue:`57039`)
 - Fixed performance regression in :meth:`Series.combine_first` (:issue:`55845`)
 - Fixed regression in :func:`merge_ordered` raising ``TypeError`` for ``fill_method="ffill"`` and ``how="left"`` (:issue:`57010`)
+- Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrameGroupBy.idxmin`, :meth:`DataFrameGroupBy.idxmax`, :meth:`SeriesGroupBy.idxmin`, :meth:`SeriesGroupBy.idxmax` ignoring the ``skipna`` argument (:issue:`57040`)
+- Fixed regression in :meth:`DataFrameGroupBy.idxmin`, :meth:`DataFrameGroupBy.idxmax`, :meth:`SeriesGroupBy.idxmin`, :meth:`SeriesGroupBy.idxmax` where values containing the minimum or maximum value for the dtype could produce incorrect results (:issue:`57040`)
 - Fixed regression in :meth:`Series.pct_change` raising a ``ValueError`` for an empty :class:`Series` (:issue:`57056`)
 
 .. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/pandas/_libs/groupby.pyx b/pandas/_libs/groupby.pyx
index dc8f13a919..45e02c3dd4 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/groupby.pyx
+++ b/pandas/_libs/groupby.pyx
@@ -1771,6 +1771,7 @@ def group_idxmin_idxmax(
         Py_ssize_t i, j, N, K, lab
         numeric_object_t val
         numeric_object_t[:, ::1] group_min_or_max
+        uint8_t[:, ::1] seen
         bint uses_mask = mask is not None
         bint isna_entry
         bint compute_max = name == "idxmax"
@@ -1784,13 +1785,10 @@ def group_idxmin_idxmax(
 
     if numeric_object_t is object:
         group_min_or_max = np.empty((<object>out).shape, dtype=object)
+        seen = np.zeros((<object>out).shape, dtype=np.uint8)
     else:
         group_min_or_max = np.empty_like(out, dtype=values.dtype)
-    if N > 0 and K > 0:
-        # When N or K is zero, we never use group_min_or_max
-        group_min_or_max[:] = _get_min_or_max(
-            values[0, 0], compute_max, is_datetimelike
-        )
+        seen = np.zeros_like(out, dtype=np.uint8)
 
     # When using transform, we need a valid value for take in the case
     # a category is not observed; these values will be dropped
@@ -1806,6 +1804,7 @@ def group_idxmin_idxmax(
                 if not skipna and out[lab, j] == -1:
                     # Once we've hit NA there is no going back
                     continue
+
                 val = values[i, j]
 
                 if uses_mask:
@@ -1814,10 +1813,14 @@ def group_idxmin_idxmax(
                     isna_entry = _treat_as_na(val, is_datetimelike)
 
                 if isna_entry:
-                    if not skipna:
+                    if not skipna or not seen[lab, j]:
                         out[lab, j] = -1
                 else:
-                    if compute_max:
+                    if not seen[lab, j]:
+                        seen[lab, j] = True
+                        group_min_or_max[lab, j] = val
+                        out[lab, j] = i
+                    elif compute_max:
                         if val > group_min_or_max[lab, j]:
                             group_min_or_max[lab, j] = val
                             out[lab, j] = i
diff --git a/pandas/_libs/src/parser/tokenizer.c b/pandas/_libs/src/parser/tokenizer.c
index 0e4188bea4..c9f7a796a9 100644
--- a/pandas/_libs/src/parser/tokenizer.c
+++ b/pandas/_libs/src/parser/tokenizer.c
@@ -109,6 +109,14 @@ void parser_set_default_options(parser_t *self) {
 
 parser_t *parser_new(void) { return (parser_t *)calloc(1, sizeof(parser_t)); }
 
+static void parser_clear_data_buffers(parser_t *self) {
+  free_if_not_null((void *)&self->stream);
+  free_if_not_null((void *)&self->words);
+  free_if_not_null((void *)&self->word_starts);
+  free_if_not_null((void *)&self->line_start);
+  free_if_not_null((void *)&self->line_fields);
+}
+
 static void parser_cleanup(parser_t *self) {
   // XXX where to put this
   free_if_not_null((void *)&self->error_msg);
@@ -119,6 +127,7 @@ static void parser_cleanup(parser_t *self) {
     self->skipset = NULL;
   }
 
+  parser_clear_data_buffers(self);
   if (self->cb_cleanup != NULL) {
     self->cb_cleanup(self->source);
     self->cb_cleanup = NULL;
diff --git a/pandas/core/groupby/ops.py b/pandas/core/groupby/ops.py
index 5e83eaee02..e2ddf9aa5c 100644
--- a/pandas/core/groupby/ops.py
+++ b/pandas/core/groupby/ops.py
@@ -424,6 +424,7 @@ class WrappedCythonOp:
                     mask=mask,
                     result_mask=result_mask,
                     is_datetimelike=is_datetimelike,
+                    **kwargs,
                 )
             elif self.how in ["sem", "std", "var", "ohlc", "prod", "median"]:
                 if self.how in ["std", "sem"]:
diff --git a/pandas/util/_exceptions.py b/pandas/util/_exceptions.py
index 573f76a634..5f50838d37 100644
--- a/pandas/util/_exceptions.py
+++ b/pandas/util/_exceptions.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import warnings
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Generator
+    from types import FrameType
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -42,15 +43,20 @@ def find_stack_level() -> int:
     test_dir = os.path.join(pkg_dir, "tests")
 
     # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17407119/python-inspect-stack-is-slow
-    frame = inspect.currentframe()
-    n = 0
-    while frame:
-        fname = inspect.getfile(frame)
-        if fname.startswith(pkg_dir) and not fname.startswith(test_dir):
-            frame = frame.f_back
-            n += 1
-        else:
-            break
+    frame: FrameType | None = inspect.currentframe()
+    try:
+        n = 0
+        while frame:
+            filename = inspect.getfile(frame)
+            if filename.startswith(pkg_dir) and not filename.startswith(test_dir):
+                frame = frame.f_back
+                n += 1
+            else:
+                break
+    finally:
+        # See note in
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#inspect.Traceback
+        del frame
     return n
 
 


Test patch:
diff --git a/pandas/_testing/_warnings.py b/pandas/_testing/_warnings.py
index 731a6df776..cff28f6a20 100644
--- a/pandas/_testing/_warnings.py
+++ b/pandas/_testing/_warnings.py
@@ -220,7 +220,12 @@ def _assert_raised_with_correct_stacklevel(
     frame = inspect.currentframe()
     for _ in range(4):
         frame = frame.f_back  # type: ignore[union-attr]
-    caller_filename = inspect.getfile(frame)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    try:
+        caller_filename = inspect.getfile(frame)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    finally:
+        # See note in
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html#inspect.Traceback
+        del frame
     msg = (
         "Warning not set with correct stacklevel. "
         f"File where warning is raised: {actual_warning.filename} != "
diff --git a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_reductions.py b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_reductions.py
index 7530c9ca78..d24a2a26bb 100644
--- a/pandas/tests/groupby/test_reductions.py
+++ b/pandas/tests/groupby/test_reductions.py
@@ -257,6 +257,68 @@ def test_empty(frame_or_series, all_boolean_reductions):
     tm.assert_equal(result, expected)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("how", ["idxmin", "idxmax"])
+def test_idxmin_idxmax_extremes(how, any_real_numpy_dtype):
+    # GH#57040
+    if any_real_numpy_dtype is int or any_real_numpy_dtype is float:
+        # No need to test
+        return
+    info = np.iinfo if "int" in any_real_numpy_dtype else np.finfo
+    min_value = info(any_real_numpy_dtype).min
+    max_value = info(any_real_numpy_dtype).max
+    df = DataFrame(
+        {"a": [2, 1, 1, 2], "b": [min_value, max_value, max_value, min_value]},
+        dtype=any_real_numpy_dtype,
+    )
+    gb = df.groupby("a")
+    result = getattr(gb, how)()
+    expected = DataFrame(
+        {"b": [1, 0]}, index=pd.Index([1, 2], name="a", dtype=any_real_numpy_dtype)
+    )
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("how", ["idxmin", "idxmax"])
+def test_idxmin_idxmax_extremes_skipna(skipna, how, float_numpy_dtype):
+    # GH#57040
+    min_value = np.finfo(float_numpy_dtype).min
+    max_value = np.finfo(float_numpy_dtype).max
+    df = DataFrame(
+        {
+            "a": Series(np.repeat(range(1, 6), repeats=2), dtype="intp"),
+            "b": Series(
+                [
+                    np.nan,
+                    min_value,
+                    np.nan,
+                    max_value,
+                    min_value,
+                    np.nan,
+                    max_value,
+                    np.nan,
+                    np.nan,
+                    np.nan,
+                ],
+                dtype=float_numpy_dtype,
+            ),
+        },
+    )
+    gb = df.groupby("a")
+
+    warn = None if skipna else FutureWarning
+    msg = f"The behavior of DataFrameGroupBy.{how} with all-NA values"
+    with tm.assert_produces_warning(warn, match=msg):
+        result = getattr(gb, how)(skipna=skipna)
+    if skipna:
+        values = [1, 3, 4, 6, np.nan]
+    else:
+        values = np.nan
+    expected = DataFrame(
+        {"b": values}, index=pd.Index(range(1, 6), name="a", dtype="intp")
+    )
+    tm.assert_frame_equal(result, expected)
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "func, values",
     [