Repository: getmoto/moto (python)

Issue:
Feat: Cloudformation Stack (as cludformation resource)
Stacks are already supported via `mock_cloudformation`
```
boto_cloudformation_client.create_stack(StackName=stack_name, TemplateBody=str(template_dict))
```

Would be good to be able to use cloudformation as well to create new stacks.
Example resource template (fragment):
```
  "fooNestedStackResourceE0751832": {
   "Type": "AWS::CloudFormation::Stack",
   "Properties": {
    "TemplateURL": {
     "Fn::Join": ["", [ "https://s3.testing.", { "Ref": "AWS::URLSuffix" }, "/cdk-hnb659fds-assets-12345678910-testing/long-hash.json" ]]
    }
   },
   "UpdateReplacePolicy": "Delete",
   "DeletionPolicy": "Delete",
  },
  ```
Some likeness with awslamba, as regards to loading the data from an s3 bucket. That file is a json, containing its own resource template.

Relates to #6018, as there reference there is pointing to such an included stack (not part of the included fragment).

My understanding of the moto internals are yet not good enough to provide an initial version for this.

Pull request description:
CloudFormation - support AWS::CloudFormation::Stack-resources
Fixes #6020 

Involves some minor refactorings:
 - extracting the `get_stack_from_s3_url`-method to utils.py, as it is now called from both responses.py and models.py
 - `MODEL_LIST` is now essentially a lazy property, to avoid any timing issues (e.g., the list is created before all models that it needs to gather are initialized)
 - Removes code to create old DynamoDB (v20111205) tables. This isn't supported anymore since we dropped boto2-support, and wasn't reachable. 
 (Refactoring the `MODEL_LIST` actually made this code reachable, and it broke all kinds of things because there is no way to differentiate between the two `AWS::DynamoDB::Table`-types, old and new)

Patch:
diff --git a/moto/cloudformation/models.py b/moto/cloudformation/models.py
index c13d60fbd..4d07a96b2 100644
--- a/moto/cloudformation/models.py
+++ b/moto/cloudformation/models.py
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from .utils import (
     generate_stackset_id,
     yaml_tag_constructor,
     validate_template_cfn_lint,
+    get_stack_from_s3_url,
 )
 from .exceptions import ValidationError, StackSetNotEmpty, StackSetNotFoundException
 
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ class FakeStackInstances(BaseModel):
                 return self.stack_instances[i]
 
 
-class FakeStack(BaseModel):
+class FakeStack(CloudFormationModel):
     def __init__(
         self,
         stack_id: str,
@@ -532,6 +533,68 @@ class FakeStack(BaseModel):
         self._add_stack_event("DELETE_COMPLETE")
         self.status = "DELETE_COMPLETE"
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def cloudformation_type() -> str:
+        return "AWS::CloudFormation::Stack"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def has_cfn_attr(cls, attr: str) -> bool:  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def physical_resource_id(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create_from_cloudformation_json(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls,
+        resource_name: str,
+        cloudformation_json: Dict[str, Any],
+        account_id: str,
+        region_name: str,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> "FakeStack":
+        cf_backend: CloudFormationBackend = cloudformation_backends[account_id][
+            region_name
+        ]
+        properties = cloudformation_json["Properties"]
+
+        template_body = get_stack_from_s3_url(properties["TemplateURL"], account_id)
+        parameters = properties.get("Parameters", {})
+
+        return cf_backend.create_stack(
+            name=resource_name, template=template_body, parameters=parameters
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def update_from_cloudformation_json(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls,
+        original_resource: Any,
+        new_resource_name: str,
+        cloudformation_json: Any,
+        account_id: str,
+        region_name: str,
+    ) -> "FakeStack":
+        cls.delete_from_cloudformation_json(
+            original_resource.name, cloudformation_json, account_id, region_name
+        )
+        return cls.create_from_cloudformation_json(
+            new_resource_name, cloudformation_json, account_id, region_name
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def delete_from_cloudformation_json(  # type: ignore[misc]
+        cls,
+        resource_name: str,
+        cloudformation_json: Dict[str, Any],
+        account_id: str,
+        region_name: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        cf_backend: CloudFormationBackend = cloudformation_backends[account_id][
+            region_name
+        ]
+        cf_backend.delete_stack(resource_name)
+
 
 class FakeChange(BaseModel):
     def __init__(self, action: str, logical_resource_id: str, resource_type: str):
diff --git a/moto/cloudformation/parsing.py b/moto/cloudformation/parsing.py
index 97d5ea91c..9819b9cf1 100644
--- a/moto/cloudformation/parsing.py
+++ b/moto/cloudformation/parsing.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import warnings
 import re
 
 import collections.abc as collections_abc
+from functools import lru_cache
 from typing import (
     Any,
     Dict,
@@ -70,13 +71,6 @@ from .exceptions import (
     UnsupportedAttribute,
 )
 
-# List of supported CloudFormation models
-MODEL_LIST = CloudFormationModel.__subclasses__()
-MODEL_MAP = {model.cloudformation_type(): model for model in MODEL_LIST}
-NAME_TYPE_MAP = {
-    model.cloudformation_type(): model.cloudformation_name_type()
-    for model in MODEL_LIST
-}
 CF_MODEL = TypeVar("CF_MODEL", bound=CloudFormationModel)
 
 # Just ignore these models types for now
@@ -90,6 +84,25 @@ DEFAULT_REGION = "us-east-1"
 logger = logging.getLogger("moto")
 
 
+# List of supported CloudFormation models
+@lru_cache()
+def get_model_list() -> List[Type[CloudFormationModel]]:
+    return CloudFormationModel.__subclasses__()
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def get_model_map() -> Dict[str, Type[CloudFormationModel]]:
+    return {model.cloudformation_type(): model for model in get_model_list()}
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def get_name_type_map() -> Dict[str, str]:
+    return {
+        model.cloudformation_type(): model.cloudformation_name_type()
+        for model in get_model_list()
+    }
+
+
 class Output(object):
     def __init__(self, key: str, value: str, description: str):
         self.description = description
@@ -250,18 +263,19 @@ def resource_class_from_type(resource_type: str) -> Type[CloudFormationModel]:
         return None  # type: ignore[return-value]
     if resource_type.startswith("Custom::"):
         return CustomModel
-    if resource_type not in MODEL_MAP:
+    if resource_type not in get_model_map():
         logger.warning("No Moto CloudFormation support for %s", resource_type)
         return None  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
-    return MODEL_MAP.get(resource_type)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+    return get_model_map()[resource_type]  # type: ignore[return-value]
 
 
 def resource_name_property_from_type(resource_type: str) -> Optional[str]:
-    for model in MODEL_LIST:
+    for model in get_model_list():
         if model.cloudformation_type() == resource_type:
             return model.cloudformation_name_type()
-    return NAME_TYPE_MAP.get(resource_type)
+
+    return get_name_type_map().get(resource_type)
 
 
 def generate_resource_name(resource_type: str, stack_name: str, logical_id: str) -> str:
@@ -830,9 +844,9 @@ class ResourceMap(collections_abc.Mapping):  # type: ignore[type-arg]
                         not isinstance(parsed_resource, str)
                         and parsed_resource is not None
                     ):
-                        if parsed_resource and hasattr(parsed_resource, "delete"):
+                        try:
                             parsed_resource.delete(self._account_id, self._region_name)
-                        else:
+                        except (TypeError, AttributeError):
                             if hasattr(parsed_resource, "physical_resource_id"):
                                 resource_name = parsed_resource.physical_resource_id
                             else:
diff --git a/moto/cloudformation/responses.py b/moto/cloudformation/responses.py
index e561bd876..8c762f6bc 100644
--- a/moto/cloudformation/responses.py
+++ b/moto/cloudformation/responses.py
@@ -2,17 +2,15 @@ import json
 import re
 import yaml
 from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple, List, Optional, Union
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
 from yaml.parser import ParserError  # pylint:disable=c-extension-no-member
 from yaml.scanner import ScannerError  # pylint:disable=c-extension-no-member
 
 from moto.core.responses import BaseResponse
-from moto.s3.models import s3_backends
 from moto.s3.exceptions import S3ClientError
 from moto.utilities.aws_headers import amzn_request_id
 from .models import cloudformation_backends, CloudFormationBackend, FakeStack
 from .exceptions import ValidationError, MissingParameterError
-from .utils import yaml_tag_constructor
+from .utils import yaml_tag_constructor, get_stack_from_s3_url
 
 
 def get_template_summary_response_from_template(template_body: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -54,28 +52,7 @@ class CloudFormationResponse(BaseResponse):
         return cls.dispatch(request=request, full_url=full_url, headers=headers)
 
     def _get_stack_from_s3_url(self, template_url: str) -> str:
-        template_url_parts = urlparse(template_url)
-        if "localhost" in template_url:
-            bucket_name, key_name = template_url_parts.path.lstrip("/").split("/", 1)
-        else:
-            if template_url_parts.netloc.endswith(
-                "amazonaws.com"
-            ) and template_url_parts.netloc.startswith("s3"):
-                # Handle when S3 url uses amazon url with bucket in path
-                # Also handles getting region as technically s3 is region'd
-
-                # region = template_url.netloc.split('.')[1]
-                bucket_name, key_name = template_url_parts.path.lstrip("/").split(
-                    "/", 1
-                )
-            else:
-                bucket_name = template_url_parts.netloc.split(".")[0]
-                key_name = template_url_parts.path.lstrip("/")
-
-        key = s3_backends[self.current_account]["global"].get_object(
-            bucket_name, key_name
-        )
-        return key.value.decode("utf-8")
+        return get_stack_from_s3_url(template_url, account_id=self.current_account)
 
     def _get_params_from_list(
         self, parameters_list: List[Dict[str, Any]]
diff --git a/moto/cloudformation/utils.py b/moto/cloudformation/utils.py
index 7ec043a36..a2e749d4b 100644
--- a/moto/cloudformation/utils.py
+++ b/moto/cloudformation/utils.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import os
 import string
 from moto.moto_api._internal import mock_random as random
 from typing import Any, List
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 
 def generate_stack_id(stack_name: str, region: str, account: str) -> str:
@@ -84,3 +85,26 @@ def validate_template_cfn_lint(template: str) -> List[Any]:
     matches = core.run_checks(abs_filename, template, rules, regions)
 
     return matches
+
+
+def get_stack_from_s3_url(template_url: str, account_id: str) -> str:
+    from moto.s3.models import s3_backends
+
+    template_url_parts = urlparse(template_url)
+    if "localhost" in template_url:
+        bucket_name, key_name = template_url_parts.path.lstrip("/").split("/", 1)
+    else:
+        if template_url_parts.netloc.endswith(
+            "amazonaws.com"
+        ) and template_url_parts.netloc.startswith("s3"):
+            # Handle when S3 url uses amazon url with bucket in path
+            # Also handles getting region as technically s3 is region'd
+
+            # region = template_url.netloc.split('.')[1]
+            bucket_name, key_name = template_url_parts.path.lstrip("/").split("/", 1)
+        else:
+            bucket_name = template_url_parts.netloc.split(".")[0]
+            key_name = template_url_parts.path.lstrip("/")
+
+    key = s3_backends[account_id]["global"].get_object(bucket_name, key_name)
+    return key.value.decode("utf-8")
diff --git a/moto/dynamodb_v20111205/models.py b/moto/dynamodb_v20111205/models.py
index b7fc906a3..c916cb3a6 100644
--- a/moto/dynamodb_v20111205/models.py
+++ b/moto/dynamodb_v20111205/models.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import datetime
 import json
 
 from collections import OrderedDict
-from moto.core import BaseBackend, BackendDict, BaseModel, CloudFormationModel
+from moto.core import BaseBackend, BackendDict, BaseModel
 from moto.core.utils import unix_time
 from .comparisons import get_comparison_func
 
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class Item(BaseModel):
         return {"Item": included}
 
 
-class Table(CloudFormationModel):
+class Table(BaseModel):
     def __init__(
         self,
         account_id: str,
@@ -151,45 +151,6 @@ class Table(CloudFormationModel):
             }
         return results
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def cloudformation_name_type() -> str:
-        return "TableName"
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def cloudformation_type() -> str:
-        # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-dynamodb-table.html
-        return "AWS::DynamoDB::Table"
-
-    @classmethod
-    def create_from_cloudformation_json(  # type: ignore[misc]
-        cls,
-        resource_name: str,
-        cloudformation_json: Dict[str, Any],
-        account_id: str,
-        region_name: str,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> "Table":
-        properties = cloudformation_json["Properties"]
-        key_attr = [
-            i["AttributeName"]
-            for i in properties["KeySchema"]
-            if i["KeyType"] == "HASH"
-        ][0]
-        key_type = [
-            i["AttributeType"]
-            for i in properties["AttributeDefinitions"]
-            if i["AttributeName"] == key_attr
-        ][0]
-        spec = {
-            "account_id": account_id,
-            "name": properties["TableName"],
-            "hash_key_attr": key_attr,
-            "hash_key_type": key_type,
-        }
-        # TODO: optional properties still missing:
-        # range_key_attr, range_key_type, read_capacity, write_capacity
-        return Table(**spec)
-
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return sum(
             [(len(value) if self.has_range_key else 1) for value in self.items.values()]  # type: ignore
@@ -324,19 +285,6 @@ class Table(CloudFormationModel):
                 item.attrs[attr].add(DynamoType(update["Value"]))
         return item
 
-    @classmethod
-    def has_cfn_attr(cls, attr: str) -> bool:
-        return attr in ["StreamArn"]
-
-    def get_cfn_attribute(self, attribute_name: str) -> str:
-        from moto.cloudformation.exceptions import UnformattedGetAttTemplateException
-
-        if attribute_name == "StreamArn":
-            region = "us-east-1"
-            time = "2000-01-01T00:00:00.000"
-            return f"arn:aws:dynamodb:{region}:{self.account_id}:table/{self.name}/stream/{time}"
-        raise UnformattedGetAttTemplateException()
-
 
 class DynamoDBBackend(BaseBackend):
     def __init__(self, region_name: str, account_id: str):


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/test_cloudformation/test_cloudformation_nested_stacks.py b/tests/test_cloudformation/test_cloudformation_nested_stacks.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce4b6919b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_cloudformation/test_cloudformation_nested_stacks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import boto3
+import json
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from moto import mock_cloudformation, mock_s3
+
+
+@mock_cloudformation
+@mock_s3
+def test_create_basic_stack():
+    # Create inner template
+    cf = boto3.client("cloudformation", "us-east-1")
+    bucket_created_by_cf = str(uuid4())
+    template = get_inner_template(bucket_created_by_cf)
+    # Upload inner template to S3
+    s3 = boto3.client("s3", "us-east-1")
+    cf_storage_bucket = str(uuid4())
+    s3.create_bucket(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket)
+    s3.put_object(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket, Key="stack.json", Body=json.dumps(template))
+
+    # Create template that includes the inner template
+    stack_name = "a" + str(uuid4())[0:6]
+    template = {
+        "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
+        "Resources": {
+            "NestedStack": {
+                "Type": "AWS::CloudFormation::Stack",
+                "Properties": {
+                    "TemplateURL": f"https://s3.amazonaws.com/{cf_storage_bucket}/stack.json",
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    cf.create_stack(StackName=stack_name, TemplateBody=str(template))
+
+    # Verify the inner S3 bucket has been created
+    bucket_names = sorted([b["Name"] for b in s3.list_buckets()["Buckets"]])
+    assert bucket_names == sorted([cf_storage_bucket, bucket_created_by_cf])
+
+    # Verify both stacks are created
+    stacks = cf.list_stacks()["StackSummaries"]
+    assert len(stacks) == 2
+
+
+@mock_cloudformation
+@mock_s3
+def test_create_stack_with_params():
+    # Create inner template
+    cf = boto3.client("cloudformation", "us-east-1")
+    bucket_created_by_cf = str(uuid4())
+    inner_template = json.dumps(get_inner_template_with_params())
+
+    # Upload inner template to S3
+    s3 = boto3.client("s3", "us-east-1")
+    cf_storage_bucket = str(uuid4())
+    s3.create_bucket(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket)
+    s3.put_object(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket, Key="stack.json", Body=inner_template)
+
+    # Create template that includes the inner template
+    stack_name = "a" + str(uuid4())[0:6]
+    template = get_outer_template_with_params(cf_storage_bucket, bucket_created_by_cf)
+    cf.create_stack(StackName=stack_name, TemplateBody=str(template))
+
+    # Verify the inner S3 bucket has been created
+    bucket_names = sorted([b["Name"] for b in s3.list_buckets()["Buckets"]])
+    assert bucket_names == sorted([cf_storage_bucket, bucket_created_by_cf])
+
+
+@mock_cloudformation
+@mock_s3
+def test_update_stack_with_params():
+    # Create inner template
+    cf = boto3.client("cloudformation", "us-east-1")
+    first_bucket = str(uuid4())
+    second_bucket = str(uuid4())
+    inner_template = json.dumps(get_inner_template_with_params())
+
+    # Upload inner template to S3
+    s3 = boto3.client("s3", "us-east-1")
+    cf_storage_bucket = str(uuid4())
+    s3.create_bucket(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket)
+    s3.put_object(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket, Key="stack.json", Body=inner_template)
+
+    # Create template that includes the inner template
+    stack_name = "a" + str(uuid4())[0:6]
+    template = get_outer_template_with_params(cf_storage_bucket, first_bucket)
+    cf.create_stack(StackName=stack_name, TemplateBody=str(template))
+
+    # Verify the inner S3 bucket has been created
+    bucket_names = sorted([b["Name"] for b in s3.list_buckets()["Buckets"]])
+    assert bucket_names == sorted([cf_storage_bucket, first_bucket])
+
+    # Update stack
+    template = get_outer_template_with_params(cf_storage_bucket, second_bucket)
+    cf.update_stack(StackName=stack_name, TemplateBody=str(template))
+
+    # Verify the inner S3 bucket has been created
+    bucket_names = sorted([b["Name"] for b in s3.list_buckets()["Buckets"]])
+    assert bucket_names == sorted([cf_storage_bucket, second_bucket])
+
+
+@mock_cloudformation
+@mock_s3
+def test_delete_basic_stack():
+    # Create inner template
+    cf = boto3.client("cloudformation", "us-east-1")
+    bucket_created_by_cf = str(uuid4())
+    template = get_inner_template(bucket_created_by_cf)
+
+    # Upload inner template to S3
+    s3 = boto3.client("s3", "us-east-1")
+    cf_storage_bucket = str(uuid4())
+    s3.create_bucket(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket)
+    s3.put_object(Bucket=cf_storage_bucket, Key="stack.json", Body=json.dumps(template))
+
+    # Create template that includes the inner template
+    stack_name = "a" + str(uuid4())[0:6]
+    template = {
+        "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
+        "Resources": {
+            "NestedStack": {
+                "Type": "AWS::CloudFormation::Stack",
+                "Properties": {
+                    "TemplateURL": f"https://s3.amazonaws.com/{cf_storage_bucket}/stack.json",
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    cf.create_stack(StackName=stack_name, TemplateBody=str(template))
+    cf.delete_stack(StackName=stack_name)
+
+    # Verify the stack-controlled S3 bucket has been deleted
+    bucket_names = sorted([b["Name"] for b in s3.list_buckets()["Buckets"]])
+    assert bucket_names == [cf_storage_bucket]
+
+    # Verify both stacks are deleted
+    stacks = cf.list_stacks()["StackSummaries"]
+    assert len(stacks) == 2
+    for stack in stacks:
+        assert stack["StackStatus"] == "DELETE_COMPLETE"
+
+
+def get_inner_template(bucket_created_by_cf):
+    return {
+        "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
+        "Resources": {
+            "bcbcf": {
+                "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket",
+                "Properties": {"BucketName": bucket_created_by_cf},
+            }
+        },
+        "Outputs": {"Bucket": {"Value": {"Ref": "bcbcf"}}},
+    }
+
+
+def get_inner_template_with_params():
+    return {
+        "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
+        "Parameters": {
+            "BName": {"Description": "bucket name", "Type": "String"},
+        },
+        "Resources": {
+            "bcbcf": {
+                "Type": "AWS::S3::Bucket",
+                "Properties": {"BucketName": {"Ref": "BName"}},
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def get_outer_template_with_params(cf_storage_bucket, first_bucket):
+    return {
+        "AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
+        "Resources": {
+            "NestedStack": {
+                "Type": "AWS::CloudFormation::Stack",
+                "Properties": {
+                    "TemplateURL": f"https://s3.amazonaws.com/{cf_storage_bucket}/stack.json",
+                    "Parameters": {"BName": first_bucket},
+                },
+            },
+        },
+    }