Repository: vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go (go)

Issue:
Day 313
Good morning! Here's your coding interview problem for today.

This problem was asked by Citrix.

You are given a circular lock with three wheels, each of which display the numbers `0` through `9` in order. Each of these wheels rotate clockwise and counterclockwise.

In addition, the lock has a certain number of "dead ends", meaning that if you turn the wheels to one of these combinations, the lock becomes stuck in that state and cannot be opened.

Let us consider a "move" to be a rotation of a single wheel by one digit, in either direction. Given a lock initially set to `000`, a target combination, and a list of dead ends, write a function that returns the minimum number of moves required to reach the target state, or `None` if this is impossible.

Pull request description:
Day313
Resolves #639.

Patch:
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 71df4e1..a2e6518 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@ problems from
 * [Day 310](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/633)
 * [Day 311](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/635)
 * [Day 312](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/637)
+* [Day 313](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/639)
 * [Day 314](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/640)
 * [Day 315](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/642)
 * [Day 317](https://github.com/vaskoz/dailycodingproblem-go/issues/645)
diff --git a/day313/problem.go b/day313/problem.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d58e21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/day313/problem.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package day313
+
+// MovesToUnlock returns the minimum number of moves to unlock a rotary
+// lock avoid all dead ends.
+// Returns -1 if it's not possible.
+// Panics if the input data is inconsistent.
+// Runs in O(N) or O(V+E) time since BFS is a linear algorithm.
+func MovesToUnlock(start, target [3]int, deadEnds [][3]int) int {
+	if start == target {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range start {
+		if v < 0 || v > 9 {
+			panic("start values must all be 0-9")
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range target {
+		if v < 0 || v > 9 {
+			panic("target values must all be 0-9")
+		}
+	}
+
+	graph := make([][][]int, 10)
+	for i := range graph {
+		graph[i] = make([][]int, 10)
+		for j := range graph[i] {
+			graph[i][j] = make([]int, 10)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, de := range deadEnds {
+		for _, v := range de {
+			if v < 0 || v > 9 {
+				panic("dead end values must all be 0-9")
+			}
+		}
+
+		x, y, z := de[0], de[1], de[2]
+		graph[x][y][z] = -1
+	}
+
+	bfs(graph, start)
+
+	return graph[target[0]][target[1]][target[2]] - 1
+}
+
+func bfs(g [][][]int, start [3]int) {
+	var q [][3]int
+
+	g[start[0]][start[1]][start[2]] = 1
+
+	q = append(q, start)
+
+	for len(q) != 0 {
+		var v [3]int
+		v, q = q[0], q[1:]
+		dist := g[v[0]][v[1]][v[2]]
+
+		for _, dir := range [][3]int{
+			{-1, 0, 0}, {0, -1, 0}, {0, 0, -1},
+			{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1},
+		} {
+			next := coord(v, dir)
+			x, y, z := next[0], next[1], next[2]
+
+			if g[x][y][z] == 0 {
+				g[x][y][z] = dist + 1
+
+				q = append(q, next)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func coord(start, direction [3]int) [3]int {
+	var result [3]int
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = start[i] + direction[i]
+		if result[i] > 9 {
+			result[i] = 0
+		} else if result[i] < 0 {
+			result[i] = 9
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
diff --git a/day333/problem.go b/day333/problem.go
index c323255..b2005f8 100644
--- a/day333/problem.go
+++ b/day333/problem.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ package day333
 // NOTE: This is not bidirectional.
 type Knowing map[int]map[int]bool
 
+// Knows is a O(1) method that answers if 'a' "knows" 'b'.
+// This does not imply that 'b' "knows" 'a'.
 func (k *Knowing) Knows(a, b int) bool {
 	if known, exists := (*k)[a]; exists {
 		return known[b]


Test patch:
diff --git a/day313/problem_test.go b/day313/problem_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9890da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/day313/problem_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package day313
+
+import "testing"
+
+// nolint
+var testcases = []struct {
+	start, target [3]int
+	deadEnds      [][3]int
+	expected      int
+}{
+	{
+		[3]int{0, 0, 0},
+		[3]int{7, 1, 9},
+		[][3]int{{1, 1, 1}},
+		5,
+	},
+	{
+		[3]int{0, 0, 0},
+		[3]int{0, 0, 0},
+		[][3]int{{1, 1, 1}},
+		0,
+	},
+	{
+		[3]int{0, 0, 0},
+		[3]int{5, 5, 5},
+		[][3]int{{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {9, 0, 0}, {0, 9, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 9}},
+		-1,
+	},
+	{
+		[3]int{0, 0, 0},
+		[3]int{5, 5, 5},
+		[][3]int{{0, 1, 0}, {9, 0, 0}, {0, 9, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 9}},
+		15,
+	},
+}
+
+func TestMovesToUnlock(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		if result := MovesToUnlock(tc.start, tc.target, tc.deadEnds); result != tc.expected {
+			t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", tc.expected, result)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMovesToUnlockBadStartPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := recover(); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected a panic for bad start coordinates")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	MovesToUnlock([3]int{-1, 10, 5}, [3]int{1, 1, 1}, [][3]int{})
+}
+
+func TestMovesToUnlockBadTargetPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := recover(); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected a panic for bad target coordinates")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	MovesToUnlock([3]int{0, 0, 0}, [3]int{10, 1, 1}, [][3]int{})
+}
+
+func TestMovesToUnlockBadDeadEndPanic(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	defer func() {
+		if err := recover(); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("Expected a panic for bad dead end coordinates")
+		}
+	}()
+
+	MovesToUnlock([3]int{0, 0, 0}, [3]int{1, 1, 1}, [][3]int{{-1, 0, 0}})
+}
+
+func BenchmarkMovesToUnlock(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		for _, tc := range testcases {
+			MovesToUnlock(tc.start, tc.target, tc.deadEnds)
+		}
+	}
+}