Repository: huggingface/transformers (python)

Issue:
Initializing via AutoImageProcessor before AutoProcessor is imported causes `AttributeError`
### System Info

- `transformers` version: 4.45.2
- Platform: Linux-4.18.0-513.18.1.el8_9.x86_64-x86_64-with-glibc2.28
- Python version: 3.10.4
- Huggingface_hub version: 0.24.5
- Safetensors version: 0.4.4
- Accelerate version: 0.33.0
- Accelerate config:    not found
- PyTorch version (GPU?): 2.4.0+cu121 (False)
- Tensorflow version (GPU?): not installed (NA)
- Flax version (CPU?/GPU?/TPU?): not installed (NA)
- Jax version: not installed
- JaxLib version: not installed
- Using distributed or parallel set-up in script?: No

### Who can help?

Probably @zucchini-nlp @amyeroberts, and @qubvel

### Information

- [ ] The official example scripts
- [X] My own modified scripts

### Tasks

- [ ] An officially supported task in the `examples` folder (such as GLUE/SQuAD, ...)
- [ ] My own task or dataset (give details below)

### Reproduction

There seems to be an edge-case in the loading behavior that can sometimes be hit if something is initialized with `from_pretrained` through `AutoImageProcessor` before `AutoProcessor` is imported, and then `from_pretrained` is used on `AutoProcessor`. 

Repro case - this works as expected
```python
model_name = "microsoft/Phi-3.5-vision-instruct"
from transformers import AutoImageProcessor
from transformers import AutoProcessor
AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
```

But this breaks:
```python
model_name = "microsoft/Phi-3.5-vision-instruct"
from transformers import AutoImageProcessor
AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)

from transformers import AutoProcessor
AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(model_name, trust_remote_code=True)
```
with `AttributeError: module transformers has no attribute Phi3VImageProcessor`.

I've tried to reproduce this with a few other models, but haven't been able to yet. It is also probably worth noting that the `AutoProcessor` doesn't return the same class as `AutoImageProcessor` for this model, which might matter

### Expected behavior

`AutoImageProcessor` / `AutoProcessor ` `from_pretrained` should have the same behavior if possible, regardless of import and invocation order

Pull request description:
Try working around the processor registration bugs
Draft PR for now, will write a full desc when it's ready!

Update: Posted the full desc in a comment below

Fixes #34307

Patch:
diff --git a/src/transformers/modeling_utils.py b/src/transformers/modeling_utils.py
index 727661137c..7ddd519391 100755
--- a/src/transformers/modeling_utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/modeling_utils.py
@@ -4831,6 +4831,7 @@ class PreTrainedModel(nn.Module, ModuleUtilsMixin, GenerationMixin, PushToHubMix
 
         error_msgs = []
         mismatched_keys = []
+        has_multiple_shards = len(checkpoint_files) > 1
         # Iterate on all the shards to load the weights
         for shard_file in checkpoint_files:
             # Skip the load for shards that only contain disk-offloaded weights
@@ -4849,7 +4850,7 @@ class PreTrainedModel(nn.Module, ModuleUtilsMixin, GenerationMixin, PushToHubMix
                 ):
                     map_location = torch.device([d for d in device_map.values() if d not in ["cpu", "disk"]][0])
 
-            # If shard_file is""", we use the existing state_dict instead of loading it
+            # If shard_file is "", we use the existing state_dict instead of loading it
             if shard_file != "":
                 state_dict = load_state_dict(
                     shard_file, is_quantized=is_quantized, map_location=map_location, weights_only=weights_only
@@ -4895,9 +4896,10 @@ class PreTrainedModel(nn.Module, ModuleUtilsMixin, GenerationMixin, PushToHubMix
                 else:
                     model_to_load.load_state_dict(state_dict, strict=False, assign=assign_params)
 
-            # force memory release
             del state_dict
-            gc.collect()
+            # force memory release if loading multiple shards
+            if has_multiple_shards:
+                gc.collect()
 
         # Adjust offloaded weights name and save if needed
         if disk_offload_index is not None and len(disk_offload_index) > 0:
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/auto/processing_auto.py b/src/transformers/models/auto/processing_auto.py
index 53ddcd3d1e..c65219b0bc 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/auto/processing_auto.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/auto/processing_auto.py
@@ -382,6 +382,6 @@ class AutoProcessor:
         Args:
             config_class ([`PretrainedConfig`]):
                 The configuration corresponding to the model to register.
-            processor_class ([`FeatureExtractorMixin`]): The processor to register.
+            processor_class ([`ProcessorMixin`]): The processor to register.
         """
         PROCESSOR_MAPPING.register(config_class, processor_class, exist_ok=exist_ok)
diff --git a/src/transformers/models/auto/tokenization_auto.py b/src/transformers/models/auto/tokenization_auto.py
index cb3e921f8e..7d838b1ad2 100644
--- a/src/transformers/models/auto/tokenization_auto.py
+++ b/src/transformers/models/auto/tokenization_auto.py
@@ -990,6 +990,7 @@ class AutoTokenizer:
             f"Model type should be one of {', '.join(c.__name__ for c in TOKENIZER_MAPPING.keys())}."
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
     def register(config_class, slow_tokenizer_class=None, fast_tokenizer_class=None, exist_ok=False):
         """
         Register a new tokenizer in this mapping.
diff --git a/src/transformers/processing_utils.py b/src/transformers/processing_utils.py
index e709878f1c..9872887fe5 100644
--- a/src/transformers/processing_utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/processing_utils.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ from .utils import (
 
 logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
 
-# Dynamically import the Transformers module to grab the attribute classes of the processor form their names.
+# Dynamically import the Transformers module to grab the attribute classes of the processor from their names.
 transformers_module = direct_transformers_import(Path(__file__).parent)
 
 
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@ class ProcessorMixin(PushToHubMixin):
             # Nothing is ever going to be an instance of "AutoXxx", in that case we check the base class.
             class_name = AUTO_TO_BASE_CLASS_MAPPING.get(class_name, class_name)
             if isinstance(class_name, tuple):
-                proper_class = tuple(getattr(transformers_module, n) for n in class_name if n is not None)
+                proper_class = tuple(self.get_possibly_dynamic_module(n) for n in class_name if n is not None)
             else:
-                proper_class = getattr(transformers_module, class_name)
+                proper_class = self.get_possibly_dynamic_module(class_name)
 
             if not isinstance(arg, proper_class):
                 raise TypeError(
@@ -1100,11 +1100,19 @@ class ProcessorMixin(PushToHubMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def _get_arguments_from_pretrained(cls, pretrained_model_name_or_path, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Identify and instantiate the subcomponents of Processor classes, like image processors and
+        tokenizers. This method uses the Processor attributes like `tokenizer_class` to figure out what class those
+        subcomponents should be. Note that any subcomponents must either be library classes that are accessible in
+        the `transformers` root, or they must be custom code that has been registered with the relevant autoclass,
+        via methods like `AutoTokenizer.register()`. If neither of these conditions are fulfilled, this method
+        will be unable to find the relevant subcomponent class and will raise an error.
+        """
         args = []
         for attribute_name in cls.attributes:
             class_name = getattr(cls, f"{attribute_name}_class")
             if isinstance(class_name, tuple):
-                classes = tuple(getattr(transformers_module, n) if n is not None else None for n in class_name)
+                classes = tuple(cls.get_possibly_dynamic_module(n) if n is not None else None for n in class_name)
                 if attribute_name == "image_processor":
                     # TODO: @yoni, change logic in v4.50 (when use_fast set to True by default)
                     use_fast = kwargs.get("use_fast", None)
@@ -1121,11 +1129,35 @@ class ProcessorMixin(PushToHubMixin):
                 else:
                     attribute_class = classes[0]
             else:
-                attribute_class = getattr(transformers_module, class_name)
+                attribute_class = cls.get_possibly_dynamic_module(class_name)
 
             args.append(attribute_class.from_pretrained(pretrained_model_name_or_path, **kwargs))
         return args
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_possibly_dynamic_module(module_name):
+        if hasattr(transformers_module, module_name):
+            return getattr(transformers_module, module_name)
+        lookup_locations = [
+            transformers_module.IMAGE_PROCESSOR_MAPPING,
+            transformers_module.TOKENIZER_MAPPING,
+            transformers_module.FEATURE_EXTRACTOR_MAPPING,
+        ]
+        for lookup_location in lookup_locations:
+            for custom_class in lookup_location._extra_content.values():
+                if isinstance(custom_class, tuple):
+                    for custom_subclass in custom_class:
+                        if custom_subclass is not None and custom_subclass.__name__ == module_name:
+                            return custom_subclass
+                elif custom_class is not None and custom_class.__name__ == module_name:
+                    return custom_class
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Could not find module {module_name} in `transformers`. If this is a custom class, "
+                f"it should be registered using the relevant `AutoClass.register()` function so that "
+                f"other functions can find it!"
+            )
+
     @property
     def model_input_names(self):
         first_attribute = getattr(self, self.attributes[0])
diff --git a/src/transformers/trainer.py b/src/transformers/trainer.py
index 274defeee1..bea32918b6 100755
--- a/src/transformers/trainer.py
+++ b/src/transformers/trainer.py
@@ -3178,12 +3178,10 @@ class Trainer:
                 self.state.best_metric = float("-inf") if self.args.greater_is_better else float("inf")
 
             if operator(metric_value, self.state.best_metric):
-                run_dir = self._get_output_dir(trial=trial)
-                checkpoint_folder = f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{self.state.global_step}"
-                output_dir = os.path.join(run_dir, checkpoint_folder)
-
                 self.state.best_metric = metric_value
-                self.state.best_model_checkpoint = output_dir
+
+                if self.args.save_strategy in [SaveStrategy.STEPS, SaveStrategy.EPOCH]:
+                    self.state.best_global_step = self.state.global_step
 
                 is_new_best_metric = True
 
@@ -3204,6 +3202,13 @@ class Trainer:
         output_dir = os.path.join(run_dir, checkpoint_folder)
         self.save_model(output_dir, _internal_call=True)
 
+        if self.args.save_strategy in [SaveStrategy.STEPS, SaveStrategy.EPOCH] and self.state.best_global_step:
+            best_checkpoint_folder = f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{self.state.best_global_step}"
+            best_checkpoint_dir = os.path.join(run_dir, best_checkpoint_folder)
+
+            if os.path.exists(best_checkpoint_dir):
+                self.state.best_model_checkpoint = best_checkpoint_dir
+
         if not self.args.save_only_model:
             # Save optimizer and scheduler
             self._save_optimizer_and_scheduler(output_dir)
diff --git a/src/transformers/trainer_callback.py b/src/transformers/trainer_callback.py
index 9a5eecd782..027fce086c 100644
--- a/src/transformers/trainer_callback.py
+++ b/src/transformers/trainer_callback.py
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ class TrainerState:
             The list of logs done since the beginning of training.
         best_metric (`float`, *optional*):
             When tracking the best model, the value of the best metric encountered so far.
+        best_global_step (`int`, *optional*):
+            When tracking the best model, the step at which the best metric was encountered.
+            Used for setting `best_model_checkpoint`.
         best_model_checkpoint (`str`, *optional*):
             When tracking the best model, the value of the name of the checkpoint for the best model encountered so
             far.
@@ -103,6 +106,7 @@ class TrainerState:
     total_flos: float = 0
     log_history: List[Dict[str, float]] = None
     best_metric: Optional[float] = None
+    best_global_step: Optional[int] = None
     best_model_checkpoint: Optional[str] = None
     is_local_process_zero: bool = True
     is_world_process_zero: bool = True


Test patch:
diff --git a/src/transformers/testing_utils.py b/src/transformers/testing_utils.py
index 0b4307dff6..d75c2d778f 100644
--- a/src/transformers/testing_utils.py
+++ b/src/transformers/testing_utils.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ from dataclasses import MISSING, fields
 from functools import wraps
 from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Callable, Dict, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
 from unittest import mock
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import urllib3
 from huggingface_hub import delete_repo
 from packaging import version
 
+from transformers import Trainer
 from transformers import logging as transformers_logging
 
 from .integrations import (
@@ -1440,6 +1441,34 @@ def get_tests_dir(append_path=None):
         return tests_dir
 
 
+def get_steps_per_epoch(trainer: Trainer) -> int:
+    training_args = trainer.args
+    train_dataloader = trainer.get_train_dataloader()
+
+    initial_training_values = trainer.set_initial_training_values(
+        args=training_args,
+        dataloader=train_dataloader,
+        total_train_batch_size=training_args.per_device_train_batch_size,
+    )
+    steps_per_epoch = initial_training_values[1]
+
+    return steps_per_epoch
+
+
+def evaluate_side_effect_factory(
+    side_effect_values: List[Dict[str, float]],
+) -> Generator[Dict[str, float], None, None]:
+    """
+    Function that returns side effects for the _evaluate method.
+    Used when we're unsure of exactly how many times _evaluate will be called.
+    """
+    for side_effect_value in side_effect_values:
+        yield side_effect_value
+
+    while True:
+        yield side_effect_values[-1]
+
+
 #
 # Helper functions for dealing with testing text outputs
 # The original code came from:
diff --git a/tests/models/auto/test_processor_auto.py b/tests/models/auto/test_processor_auto.py
index fd361f160f..41a2815e4d 100644
--- a/tests/models/auto/test_processor_auto.py
+++ b/tests/models/auto/test_processor_auto.py
@@ -354,6 +354,40 @@ class AutoFeatureExtractorTest(unittest.TestCase):
             if CustomConfig in PROCESSOR_MAPPING._extra_content:
                 del PROCESSOR_MAPPING._extra_content[CustomConfig]
 
+    def test_dynamic_processor_with_specific_dynamic_subcomponents(self):
+        class NewFeatureExtractor(Wav2Vec2FeatureExtractor):
+            pass
+
+        class NewTokenizer(BertTokenizer):
+            pass
+
+        class NewProcessor(ProcessorMixin):
+            feature_extractor_class = "NewFeatureExtractor"
+            tokenizer_class = "NewTokenizer"
+
+            def __init__(self, feature_extractor, tokenizer):
+                super().__init__(feature_extractor, tokenizer)
+
+        try:
+            AutoConfig.register("custom", CustomConfig)
+            AutoFeatureExtractor.register(CustomConfig, NewFeatureExtractor)
+            AutoTokenizer.register(CustomConfig, slow_tokenizer_class=NewTokenizer)
+            AutoProcessor.register(CustomConfig, NewProcessor)
+            # If remote code is not set, the default is to use local classes.
+            processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained(
+                "hf-internal-testing/test_dynamic_processor",
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(processor.__class__.__name__, "NewProcessor")
+        finally:
+            if "custom" in CONFIG_MAPPING._extra_content:
+                del CONFIG_MAPPING._extra_content["custom"]
+            if CustomConfig in FEATURE_EXTRACTOR_MAPPING._extra_content:
+                del FEATURE_EXTRACTOR_MAPPING._extra_content[CustomConfig]
+            if CustomConfig in TOKENIZER_MAPPING._extra_content:
+                del TOKENIZER_MAPPING._extra_content[CustomConfig]
+            if CustomConfig in PROCESSOR_MAPPING._extra_content:
+                del PROCESSOR_MAPPING._extra_content[CustomConfig]
+
     def test_auto_processor_creates_tokenizer(self):
         processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("hf-internal-testing/tiny-random-bert")
         self.assertEqual(processor.__class__.__name__, "BertTokenizerFast")
diff --git a/tests/trainer/test_trainer.py b/tests/trainer/test_trainer.py
index c8d9f34ff5..c4c90d5dcb 100644
--- a/tests/trainer/test_trainer.py
+++ b/tests/trainer/test_trainer.py
@@ -62,8 +62,10 @@ from transformers.testing_utils import (
     TemporaryHubRepo,
     TestCasePlus,
     backend_device_count,
+    evaluate_side_effect_factory,
     execute_subprocess_async,
     get_gpu_count,
+    get_steps_per_epoch,
     get_tests_dir,
     is_staging_test,
     require_accelerate,
@@ -4710,6 +4712,191 @@ class TrainerIntegrationTest(TestCasePlus, TrainerIntegrationCommon):
             )
             self.assertTrue(trainer.args.metric_for_best_model == "loss")
 
+    def test_best_model_checkpoint_behavior(self):
+        # Case 1. Never evaluated, save_total_limit > 1 and save_steps == 1.
+        # Both best_metric and best_model_checkpoint should be None.
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+                output_dir=tmpdir,
+                eval_strategy="steps",
+                save_strategy="steps",
+                save_steps=1,
+                metric_for_best_model="accuracy",
+                greater_is_better=True,
+            )
+            trainer.train()
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_metric is None
+            assert trainer.state.best_model_checkpoint is None
+            assert len(os.listdir(tmpdir)) == trainer.state.global_step
+
+        # Case 2. Never evaluated and save_total_limit == 1.
+        # Both best_metric and best_model_checkpoint should be None.
+        # Only the last checkpoint should remain.
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+                output_dir=tmpdir,
+                eval_strategy="steps",
+                save_strategy="steps",
+                save_steps=1,
+                metric_for_best_model="accuracy",
+                greater_is_better=True,
+                save_total_limit=1,
+            )
+            trainer.train()
+
+            num_steps = trainer.state.global_step
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_metric is None
+            assert trainer.state.best_model_checkpoint is None
+            assert len(os.listdir(tmpdir)) == 1
+
+            ckpt = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{num_steps}")
+            assert os.path.isdir(ckpt)
+            assert os.listdir(tmpdir)[0] == f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{num_steps}"
+
+        # Case 3. eval_strategy == save_strategy.
+        # best_model_checkpoint should be at epoch 1.
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+                output_dir=tmpdir,
+                eval_strategy="epoch",
+                save_strategy="epoch",
+                metric_for_best_model="accuracy",
+                compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(),
+                greater_is_better=True,
+                load_best_model_at_end=False,
+            )
+
+            with patch.object(
+                trainer,
+                "_evaluate",
+                side_effect=evaluate_side_effect_factory(
+                    [
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.59},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.57},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.55},
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ):
+                trainer.train()
+
+            steps_per_epoch = get_steps_per_epoch(trainer)
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_metric == 0.59
+            assert trainer.state.best_global_step == steps_per_epoch
+
+            best_ckpt = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{trainer.state.best_global_step}")
+            assert trainer.state.best_model_checkpoint == best_ckpt
+
+            assert len(os.listdir(tmpdir)) == trainer.state.num_train_epochs
+
+        # Case 4. eval_strategy != save_strategy.
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+                output_dir=tmpdir,
+                eval_strategy="epoch",
+                save_strategy="steps",
+                save_steps=1,
+                metric_for_best_model="accuracy",
+                compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(),
+                greater_is_better=True,
+                load_best_model_at_end=False,
+            )
+
+            with patch.object(
+                trainer,
+                "_evaluate",
+                side_effect=evaluate_side_effect_factory(
+                    [
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.59},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.57},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.55},
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ):
+                trainer.train()
+
+            steps_per_epoch = get_steps_per_epoch(trainer)
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_metric == 0.59
+            assert trainer.state.best_global_step == steps_per_epoch
+
+            best_ckpt = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{trainer.state.best_global_step}")
+            assert trainer.state.best_model_checkpoint == best_ckpt
+
+            assert len(os.listdir(tmpdir)) == trainer.state.global_step
+
+        # Case 5. Multiple checkpoints, save_total_limit == 1.
+        # Best metric is found at step 1 and that checkpoint should be saved.
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+                output_dir=tmpdir,
+                eval_strategy="steps",
+                eval_steps=1,
+                save_strategy="steps",
+                save_steps=1,
+                metric_for_best_model="accuracy",
+                compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(),
+                greater_is_better=True,
+                save_total_limit=1,
+            )
+
+            with patch.object(
+                trainer,
+                "_evaluate",
+                side_effect=evaluate_side_effect_factory(
+                    [
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.90},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.80},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.70},
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ):
+                trainer.train()
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_metric == 0.90
+            assert trainer.state.best_global_step == 1
+
+            best_ckpt = os.path.join(tmpdir, f"{PREFIX_CHECKPOINT_DIR}-{trainer.state.best_global_step}")
+            assert trainer.state.best_model_checkpoint == best_ckpt
+
+            assert len(os.listdir(tmpdir)) == 1
+
+        # Case 6. Saving happens more often and eval/save mismatch.
+        # `best_model_checkpoint` should be None due to a step mismatch.
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
+            trainer = get_regression_trainer(
+                output_dir=tmpdir,
+                eval_strategy="steps",
+                eval_steps=3,
+                save_strategy="steps",
+                save_steps=2,
+                metric_for_best_model="accuracy",
+                compute_metrics=AlmostAccuracy(),
+                greater_is_better=True,
+            )
+
+            with patch.object(
+                trainer,
+                "_evaluate",
+                side_effect=evaluate_side_effect_factory(
+                    [
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.90},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.80},
+                        {"eval_accuracy": 0.70},
+                    ]
+                ),
+            ):
+                trainer.train()
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_metric == 0.90
+            assert trainer.state.best_global_step == 3
+
+            assert trainer.state.best_model_checkpoint is None
+
+            assert len(os.listdir(tmpdir)) == trainer.state.global_step // 2
+
 
 @require_torch
 @is_staging_test