Repository: spf13/cobra
Pull request #423 (2017-04-24 18:55:25)

Refactor doc
* Use bytes.Buffer instead of io.Writer in some functions
* Use less fmt
* Add benchmarks

```
benchmark                        old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkGenManToFile-4          30037         29001         -3.45%
BenchmarkGenMarkdownToFile-4     23096         10295         -55.43%
BenchmarkGenYamlToFile-4         62488         61622         -1.39%

benchmark                        old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkGenManToFile-4          77             89             +15.58%
BenchmarkGenMarkdownToFile-4     47             48             +2.13%
BenchmarkGenYamlToFile-4         121            120            -0.83%

benchmark                        old bytes     new bytes     delta
BenchmarkGenManToFile-4          9075          9651          +6.35%
BenchmarkGenMarkdownToFile-4     1984          2832          +42.74%
BenchmarkGenYamlToFile-4         26706         26280         -1.60%
```


Patch:
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7d4d68b..202c48e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -260,6 +260,9 @@ license:
     master my life.
 ```
 
+You can also use built-in licenses. For example, **GPLv2**, **GPLv3**, **LGPL**,
+**AGPL**, **MIT**, **2-Clause BSD** or **3-Clause BSD**.
+
 ## Manually implementing Cobra
 
 To manually implement cobra you need to create a bare main.go file and a RootCmd file.
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/helpers.go b/cobra/cmd/helpers.go
index 7cd3be1..6989bd7 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/helpers.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/helpers.go
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"text/template"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 )
 
 // var BaseDir = ""
@@ -297,47 +294,6 @@ func safeWriteToDisk(inpath string, r io.Reader) (err error) {
 	return
 }
 
-func getLicense() License {
-	l := whichLicense()
-	if l != "" {
-		if x, ok := Licenses[l]; ok {
-			return x
-		}
-	}
-
-	return Licenses["apache"]
-}
-
-func whichLicense() string {
-	// if explicitly flagged, use that
-	if userLicense != "" {
-		return matchLicense(userLicense)
-	}
-
-	// if already present in the project, use that
-	// TODO: Inspect project for existing license
-
-	// default to viper's setting
-
-	if viper.IsSet("license.header") || viper.IsSet("license.text") {
-		if custom, ok := Licenses["custom"]; ok {
-			custom.Header = viper.GetString("license.header")
-			custom.Text = viper.GetString("license.text")
-			Licenses["custom"] = custom
-			return "custom"
-		}
-	}
-
-	return matchLicense(viper.GetString("license"))
-}
-
-func copyrightLine() string {
-	author := viper.GetString("author")
-	year := time.Now().Format("2006")
-
-	return "Copyright © " + year + " " + author
-}
-
 func commentifyString(in string) string {
 	var newlines []string
 	lines := strings.Split(in, "\n")
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/license_agpl.go b/cobra/cmd/license_agpl.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10308cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cobra/cmd/license_agpl.go
@@ -0,0 +1,684 @@
+package cmd
+
+func initAgpl() {
+	Licenses["agpl"] = License{
+		Name:            "GNU Affero General Public License",
+		PossibleMatches: []string{"agpl", "affero gpl", "gnu agpl"},
+		Header: `
+This file is part of {{ .appName }}.
+
+{{ .appName }} is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+{{ .appName }} is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+along with {{ .appName }}. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.`,
+		Text: `                    GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 19 November 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
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+software for all its users.
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+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
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+you this License which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
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+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
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+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+
+  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
+work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
+to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
+parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
+Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
+interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version
+supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
+Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source
+from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary
+means of facilitating copying of software.  This Corresponding Source
+shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
+of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the
+following paragraph.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
+3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions
+will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.`,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_2.go b/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_2.go
index 26bc775..f2982da 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_2.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_2.go
@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@ package cmd
 
 func initBsdClause2() {
 	Licenses["freebsd"] = License{
-		Name:            "Simplified BSD License",
-		PossibleMatches: []string{"freebsd", "simpbsd", "simple bsd", "2 clause bsd"},
+		Name: "Simplified BSD License",
+		PossibleMatches: []string{"freebsd", "simpbsd", "simple bsd", "2-clause bsd",
+			"2 clause bsd", "simplified bsd license"},
 		Header: `
 All rights reserved.
 
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_3.go b/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_3.go
index 062c115..39c9571 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_3.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/license_bsd_clause_3.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ package cmd
 func initBsdClause3() {
 	Licenses["bsd"] = License{
 		Name:            "NewBSD",
-		PossibleMatches: []string{"bsd", "newbsd", "3 clause bsd"},
+		PossibleMatches: []string{"bsd", "newbsd", "3 clause bsd", "3-clause bsd"},
 		Header: `
 All rights reserved.
 
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_2.go b/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_2.go
index b361dd7..1105e35 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_2.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_2.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ package cmd
 func initGpl2() {
 	Licenses["gpl2"] = License{
 		Name:            "GNU General Public License 2.0",
-		PossibleMatches: []string{"gpl2", "gnu gpl2"},
+		PossibleMatches: []string{"gpl2", "gnu gpl2", "gplv2"},
 		Header: `{{ .copyright }}
 
  {{ .appName }} is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_3.go b/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_3.go
index 5810276..009df9f 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_3.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/license_gpl_3.go
@@ -18,23 +18,22 @@ package cmd
 func initGpl3() {
 	Licenses["gpl3"] = License{
 		Name:            "GNU General Public License 3.0",
-		PossibleMatches: []string{"gpl3", "gpl", "gnu gpl3", "gnu gpl"},
+		PossibleMatches: []string{"gpl3", "gplv3", "gpl", "gnu gpl3", "gnu gpl"},
 		Header: `
 This file is part of {{ .appName }}.
 
 {{ .appName }} is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 (at your option) any later version.
 
 {{ .appName }} is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+GNU General Public License for more details.
 
-You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-along with {{ .appName }}. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-	   `,
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with {{ .appName }}. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.`,
 		Text: `                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                        Version 3, 29 June 2007
 
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/license_lgpl.go b/cobra/cmd/license_lgpl.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24f18f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cobra/cmd/license_lgpl.go
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package cmd
+
+func initLgpl() {
+	Licenses["lgpl"] = License{
+		Name:            "GNU Lesser General Public License",
+		PossibleMatches: []string{"lgpl", "lesser gpl", "gnu lgpl"},
+		Header: `
+This file is part of {{ .appName }}.
+
+{{ .appName }} is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+{{ .appName }} is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with {{ .appName }}. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.`,
+		Text: `                   GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+
+  This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
+the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
+License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
+
+  0. Additional Definitions.
+
+  As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
+General Public License.
+
+  "The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
+other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
+
+  An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
+by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
+Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
+of using an interface provided by the Library.
+
+  A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
+Application with the Library.  The particular version of the Library
+with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
+Version".
+
+  The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
+Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code
+for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are
+based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
+
+  The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
+object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
+and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
+Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
+
+  1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+  You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
+without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
+
+  2. Conveying Modified Versions.
+
+  If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
+facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
+that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
+facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
+version:
+
+   a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
+   ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
+   function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
+   whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
+
+   b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
+   this License applicable to that copy.
+
+  3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
+
+  The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
+a header file that is part of the Library.  You may convey such object
+code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
+material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure
+layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates
+(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
+
+   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
+   Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+   covered by this License.
+
+   b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+   document.
+
+  4. Combined Works.
+
+  You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
+taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
+portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
+engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
+the following:
+
+   a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that
+   the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
+   covered by this License.
+
+   b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
+   document.
+
+   c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
+   execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
+   these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
+   copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
+
+   d) Do one of the following:
+
+       0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
+       License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
+       suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
+       recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
+       the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
+       manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying
+       Corresponding Source.
+
+       1) Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
+       Library.  A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time
+       a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer
+       system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version
+       of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked
+       Version.
+
+   e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise
+   be required to provide such information under section 6 of the
+   GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is
+   necessary to install and execute a modified version of the
+   Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the
+   Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If
+   you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
+   the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application
+   Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation
+   Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL
+   for conveying Corresponding Source.)
+
+  5. Combined Libraries.
+
+  You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
+Library side by side in a single library together with other library
+facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this
+License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your
+choice, if you do both of the following:
+
+   a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based
+   on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
+   conveyed under the terms of this License.
+
+   b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
+   is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
+   accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
+
+  6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
+Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
+of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
+applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
+conditions either of that published version or of any later version
+published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
+received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
+General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
+whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall
+apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
+permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
+Library.`,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/licenses.go b/cobra/cmd/licenses.go
index 5b3cb72..13ffbf7 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/licenses.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/licenses.go
@@ -15,7 +15,12 @@
 
 package cmd
 
-import "strings"
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+)
 
 //Licenses contains all possible licenses a user can chose from
 var Licenses map[string]License
@@ -31,18 +36,6 @@ type License struct {
 	Header          string   // License header for source files
 }
 
-// given a license name (in), try to match the license indicated
-func matchLicense(in string) string {
-	for key, lic := range Licenses {
-		for _, match := range lic.PossibleMatches {
-			if strings.EqualFold(in, match) {
-				return key
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
 func init() {
 	Licenses = make(map[string]License)
 
@@ -53,16 +46,13 @@ func init() {
 	Licenses["custom"] = License{"Custom", []string{}, "", ""}
 
 	initApache2()
-
 	initMit()
-
 	initBsdClause3()
-
 	initBsdClause2()
-
 	initGpl2()
-
 	initGpl3()
+	initLgpl()
+	initAgpl()
 
 	// Licenses["apache20"] = License{
 	// 	Name:            "Apache 2.0",
@@ -73,3 +63,56 @@ func init() {
 	//   `,
 	// }
 }
+
+func getLicense() License {
+	l := whichLicense()
+	if l != "" {
+		if x, ok := Licenses[l]; ok {
+			return x
+		}
+	}
+
+	return Licenses["apache"]
+}
+
+func whichLicense() string {
+	// if explicitly flagged, use that
+	if userLicense != "" {
+		return matchLicense(userLicense)
+	}
+
+	// if already present in the project, use that
+	// TODO: Inspect project for existing license
+
+	// default to viper's setting
+
+	if viper.IsSet("license.header") || viper.IsSet("license.text") {
+		if custom, ok := Licenses["custom"]; ok {
+			custom.Header = viper.GetString("license.header")
+			custom.Text = viper.GetString("license.text")
+			Licenses["custom"] = custom
+			return "custom"
+		}
+	}
+
+	return matchLicense(viper.GetString("license"))
+}
+
+func copyrightLine() string {
+	author := viper.GetString("author")
+	year := time.Now().Format("2006")
+
+	return "Copyright © " + year + " " + author
+}
+
+// given a license name (in), try to match the license indicated
+func matchLicense(in string) string {
+	for key, lic := range Licenses {
+		for _, match := range lic.PossibleMatches {
+			if strings.EqualFold(in, match) {
+				return key
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/command.go b/command.go
index f4705f9..79956f3 100644
--- a/command.go
+++ b/command.go
@@ -721,7 +721,13 @@ func (c *Command) ExecuteC() (cmd *Command, err error) {
 func (c *Command) initHelpFlag() {
 	c.mergePersistentFlags()
 	if c.Flags().Lookup("help") == nil {
-		c.Flags().BoolP("help", "h", false, "help for "+c.Name())
+		usage := "help for "
+		if c.Name() == "" {
+			usage += "this command"
+		} else {
+			usage += c.Name()
+		}
+		c.Flags().BoolP("help", "h", false, usage)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -745,6 +751,7 @@ func (c *Command) initHelpCmd() {
 					c.Printf("Unknown help topic %#q\n", args)
 					c.Root().Usage()
 				} else {
+					cmd.initHelpFlag() // make possible 'help' flag to be shown
 					cmd.Help()
 				}
 			},
diff --git a/doc/man_docs.go b/doc/man_docs.go
index 1f90c44..68513cf 100644
--- a/doc/man_docs.go
+++ b/doc/man_docs.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	mangen "github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/md2man"
+	"github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/md2man"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 )
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ func GenMan(cmd *cobra.Command, header *GenManHeader, w io.Writer) error {
 	fillHeader(header, cmd.CommandPath())
 
 	b := genMan(cmd, header)
-	_, err := w.Write(mangen.Render(b))
+	_, err := w.Write(md2man.Render(b))
 	return err
 }
 
@@ -126,25 +126,25 @@ func fillHeader(header *GenManHeader, name string) {
 	}
 }
 
-func manPreamble(out io.Writer, header *GenManHeader, cmd *cobra.Command, dashedName string) {
+func manPreamble(buf *bytes.Buffer, header *GenManHeader, cmd *cobra.Command, dashedName string) {
 	description := cmd.Long
 	if len(description) == 0 {
 		description = cmd.Short
 	}
 
-	fmt.Fprintf(out, `%% %s(%s)%s
+	buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(`%% %s(%s)%s
 %% %s
 %% %s
 # NAME
-`, header.Title, header.Section, header.date, header.Source, header.Manual)
-	fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s \\- %s\n\n", dashedName, cmd.Short)
-	fmt.Fprintf(out, "# SYNOPSIS\n")
-	fmt.Fprintf(out, "**%s**\n\n", cmd.UseLine())
-	fmt.Fprintf(out, "# DESCRIPTION\n")
-	fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s\n\n", description)
+`, header.Title, header.Section, header.date, header.Source, header.Manual))
+	buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s \\- %s\n\n", dashedName, cmd.Short))
+	buf.WriteString("# SYNOPSIS\n")
+	buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("**%s**\n\n", cmd.UseLine()))
+	buf.WriteString("# DESCRIPTION\n")
+	buf.WriteString(description + "\n\n")
 }
 
-func manPrintFlags(out io.Writer, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
+func manPrintFlags(buf *bytes.Buffer, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	flags.VisitAll(func(flag *pflag.Flag) {
 		if len(flag.Deprecated) > 0 || flag.Hidden {
 			return
@@ -156,34 +156,34 @@ func manPrintFlags(out io.Writer, flags *pflag.FlagSet) {
 			format = fmt.Sprintf("**--%s**", flag.Name)
 		}
 		if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
-			format = format + "["
+			format += "["
 		}
 		if flag.Value.Type() == "string" {
 			// put quotes on the value
-			format = format + "=%q"
+			format += "=%q"
 		} else {
-			format = format + "=%s"
+			format += "=%s"
 		}
 		if len(flag.NoOptDefVal) > 0 {
-			format = format + "]"
+			format += "]"
 		}
-		format = format + "\n\t%s\n\n"
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, format, flag.DefValue, flag.Usage)
+		format += "\n\t%s\n\n"
+		buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(format, flag.DefValue, flag.Usage))
 	})
 }
 
-func manPrintOptions(out io.Writer, command *cobra.Command) {
+func manPrintOptions(buf *bytes.Buffer, command *cobra.Command) {
 	flags := command.NonInheritedFlags()
 	if flags.HasFlags() {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "# OPTIONS\n")
-		manPrintFlags(out, flags)
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n")
+		buf.WriteString("# OPTIONS\n")
+		manPrintFlags(buf, flags)
+		buf.WriteString("\n")
 	}
 	flags = command.InheritedFlags()
 	if flags.HasFlags() {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "# OPTIONS INHERITED FROM PARENT COMMANDS\n")
-		manPrintFlags(out, flags)
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "\n")
+		buf.WriteString("# OPTIONS INHERITED FROM PARENT COMMANDS\n")
+		manPrintFlags(buf, flags)
+		buf.WriteString("\n")
 	}
 }
 
@@ -196,11 +196,11 @@ func genMan(cmd *cobra.Command, header *GenManHeader) []byte {
 	manPreamble(buf, header, cmd, dashCommandName)
 	manPrintOptions(buf, cmd)
 	if len(cmd.Example) > 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "# EXAMPLE\n")
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "```\n%s\n```\n", cmd.Example)
+		buf.WriteString("# EXAMPLE\n")
+		buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("```\n%s\n```\n", cmd.Example))
 	}
 	if hasSeeAlso(cmd) {
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "# SEE ALSO\n")
+		buf.WriteString("# SEE ALSO\n")
 		seealsos := make([]string, 0)
 		if cmd.HasParent() {
 			parentPath := cmd.Parent().CommandPath()
@@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ func genMan(cmd *cobra.Command, header *GenManHeader) []byte {
 			seealso := fmt.Sprintf("**%s-%s(%s)**", dashCommandName, c.Name(), header.Section)
 			seealsos = append(seealsos, seealso)
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s\n", strings.Join(seealsos, ", "))
+		buf.WriteString(strings.Join(seealsos, ", ") + "\n")
 	}
 	if !cmd.DisableAutoGenTag {
-		fmt.Fprintf(buf, "# HISTORY\n%s Auto generated by spf13/cobra\n", header.Date.Format("2-Jan-2006"))
+		buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("# HISTORY\n%s Auto generated by spf13/cobra\n", header.Date.Format("2-Jan-2006")))
 	}
 	return buf.Bytes()
 }
diff --git a/doc/md_docs.go b/doc/md_docs.go
index 408d2f7..21ab922 100644
--- a/doc/md_docs.go
+++ b/doc/md_docs.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 package doc
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
@@ -25,29 +26,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-func printOptions(w io.Writer, cmd *cobra.Command, name string) error {
+func printOptions(buf *bytes.Buffer, cmd *cobra.Command, name string) error {
 	flags := cmd.NonInheritedFlags()
-	flags.SetOutput(w)
+	flags.SetOutput(buf)
 	if flags.HasFlags() {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Options\n\n```\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("### Options\n\n```\n")
 		flags.PrintDefaults()
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("```\n\n")
 	}
 
 	parentFlags := cmd.InheritedFlags()
-	parentFlags.SetOutput(w)
+	parentFlags.SetOutput(buf)
 	if parentFlags.HasFlags() {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Options inherited from parent commands\n\n```\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("### Options inherited from parent commands\n\n```\n")
 		parentFlags.PrintDefaults()
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("```\n\n")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -59,6 +52,7 @@ func GenMarkdown(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer) error {
 
 // GenMarkdownCustom creates custom markdown output.
 func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string) string) error {
+	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	name := cmd.CommandPath()
 
 	short := cmd.Short
@@ -67,49 +61,31 @@ func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string)
 		long = short
 	}
 
-	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "## %s\n\n", name); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n\n", short); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Synopsis\n\n"); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s\n\n", long); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+	buf.WriteString("## " + name + "\n\n")
+	buf.WriteString(short + "\n\n")
+	buf.WriteString("### Synopsis\n\n")
+	buf.WriteString("\n" + long + "\n\n")
 
 	if cmd.Runnable() {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n%s\n```\n\n", cmd.UseLine()); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("```\n%s\n```\n\n", cmd.UseLine()))
 	}
 
 	if len(cmd.Example) > 0 {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### Examples\n\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "```\n%s\n```\n\n", cmd.Example); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("### Examples\n\n")
+		buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("```\n%s\n```\n\n", cmd.Example))
 	}
 
-	if err := printOptions(w, cmd, name); err != nil {
+	if err := printOptions(buf, cmd, name); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	if hasSeeAlso(cmd) {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "### SEE ALSO\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("### SEE ALSO\n")
 		if cmd.HasParent() {
 			parent := cmd.Parent()
 			pname := parent.CommandPath()
 			link := pname + ".md"
 			link = strings.Replace(link, " ", "_", -1)
-			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", pname, linkHandler(link), parent.Short); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
+			buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", pname, linkHandler(link), parent.Short))
 			cmd.VisitParents(func(c *cobra.Command) {
 				if c.DisableAutoGenTag {
 					cmd.DisableAutoGenTag = c.DisableAutoGenTag
@@ -127,20 +103,15 @@ func GenMarkdownCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string)
 			cname := name + " " + child.Name()
 			link := cname + ".md"
 			link = strings.Replace(link, " ", "_", -1)
-			if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", cname, linkHandler(link), child.Short); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n"); err != nil {
-			return err
+			buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("* [%s](%s)\t - %s\n", cname, linkHandler(link), child.Short))
 		}
+		buf.WriteString("\n")
 	}
 	if !cmd.DisableAutoGenTag {
-		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, "###### Auto generated by spf13/cobra on %s\n", time.Now().Format("2-Jan-2006")); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
+		buf.WriteString("###### Auto generated by spf13/cobra on " + time.Now().Format("2-Jan-2006") + "\n")
 	}
-	return nil
+	_, err := buf.WriteTo(w)
+	return err
 }
 
 // GenMarkdownTree will generate a markdown page for this command and all
diff --git a/doc/yaml_docs.go b/doc/yaml_docs.go
index f5cd5a3..54c244d 100644
--- a/doc/yaml_docs.go
+++ b/doc/yaml_docs.go
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@ func GenYamlCustom(cmd *cobra.Command, w io.Writer, linkHandler func(string) str
 		fmt.Println(err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(w, string(final)); err != nil {
+
+	if _, err := w.Write(final); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	return nil


Test patch:
diff --git a/cobra/cmd/helpers_test.go b/cobra/cmd/helpers_test.go
index bd0f759..bce9471 100644
--- a/cobra/cmd/helpers_test.go
+++ b/cobra/cmd/helpers_test.go
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 )
 
-var _ = fmt.Println
-var _ = os.Stderr
-
 func checkGuess(t *testing.T, wd, input, expected string) {
 	testWd = wd
 	inputPath = input
diff --git a/cobra_test.go b/cobra_test.go
index d6593a5..6f3ceb1 100644
--- a/cobra_test.go
+++ b/cobra_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package cobra
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -1153,6 +1154,9 @@ func TestFlagOnPflagCommandLine(t *testing.T) {
 	r := fullSetupTest("--help")
 
 	checkResultContains(t, r, flagName)
+
+	// reset CommandLine flagset
+	pflag.CommandLine = pflag.NewFlagSet(os.Args[0], pflag.ExitOnError)
 }
 
 func TestAddTemplateFunctions(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/command_test.go b/command_test.go
index 3921a0b..d8c5021 100644
--- a/command_test.go
+++ b/command_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ func TestStripFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
-func Test_DisableFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDisableFlagParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	as := []string{"-v", "-race", "-file", "foo.go"}
 	targs := []string{}
 	cmdPrint := &Command{
@@ -226,7 +227,8 @@ func TestFlagErrorFunc(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestSortedFlags checks,
 // if cmd.LocalFlags() is unsorted when cmd.Flags().SortFlags set to false.
-// https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/404
+//
+// Source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/404
 func TestSortedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := &Command{}
 	cmd.Flags().SortFlags = false
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ func TestSortedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 		if i == len(names) {
 			return
 		}
-		if contains(f.Name, names) {
+		if isStringInStringSlice(f.Name, names) {
 			if names[i] != f.Name {
 				t.Errorf("Incorrect order. Expected %v, got %v", names[i], f.Name)
 			}
@@ -250,7 +252,7 @@ func TestSortedFlags(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // contains checks, if s is in ss.
-func contains(s string, ss []string) bool {
+func isStringInStringSlice(s string, ss []string) bool {
 	for _, v := range ss {
 		if v == s {
 			return true
@@ -258,3 +260,27 @@ func contains(s string, ss []string) bool {
 	}
 	return false
 }
+
+// TestHelpFlagInHelp checks,
+// if '--help' flag is shown in help for child (executing `parent help child`),
+// that has no other flags.
+//
+// Source: https://github.com/spf13/cobra/issues/302
+func TestHelpFlagInHelp(t *testing.T) {
+	output := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	parent := &Command{Use: "parent", Long: "long", Run: func(*Command, []string) { return }}
+	parent.SetOutput(output)
+
+	child := &Command{Use: "child", Long: "long", Run: func(*Command, []string) { return }}
+	parent.AddCommand(child)
+
+	parent.SetArgs([]string{"help", "child"})
+	err := parent.Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(output.String(), "[flags]") {
+		t.Fatalf("\nExpecting to contain: %v\nGot: %v", "[flags]", output.String())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/doc/man_docs_test.go b/doc/man_docs_test.go
index 9b27291..8799106 100644
--- a/doc/man_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/man_docs_test.go
@@ -197,3 +197,20 @@ func AssertNextLineEquals(scanner *bufio.Scanner, expectedLine string) error {
 
 	return fmt.Errorf("AssertNextLineEquals: hit EOF before finding %#v", expectedLine)
 }
+
+func BenchmarkGenManToFile(b *testing.B) {
+	c := initializeWithRootCmd()
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(file.Name())
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if err := GenMan(c, nil, file); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/doc/md_docs_test.go b/doc/md_docs_test.go
index f4f3bc1..ba6b9a4 100644
--- a/doc/md_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/md_docs_test.go
@@ -105,3 +105,20 @@ func TestGenMdTree(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected file 'do.md' to exist")
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkGenMarkdownToFile(b *testing.B) {
+	c := initializeWithRootCmd()
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(file.Name())
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if err := GenMarkdown(c, file); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/doc/yaml_docs_test.go b/doc/yaml_docs_test.go
index fb969da..29e985e 100644
--- a/doc/yaml_docs_test.go
+++ b/doc/yaml_docs_test.go
@@ -106,3 +106,20 @@ func TestGenYamlTree(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("Expected file 'do.yaml' to exist")
 	}
 }
+
+func BenchmarkGenYamlToFile(b *testing.B) {
+	c := initializeWithRootCmd()
+	file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		b.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(file.Name())
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if err := GenYaml(c, file); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}