Repository: yt-dlp/yt-dlp
Pull request #1905 (2021-12-06 22:16:00)

[OpenCast] Add extractor
Original found at https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/26934
Author: C0D3D3V

## Please follow the guide below

- You will be asked some questions, please read them **carefully** and answer honestly
- Put an `x` into all the boxes [ ] relevant to your *pull request* (like that [x])
- Use *Preview* tab to see how your *pull request* will actually look like

---

### Before submitting a *pull request* make sure you have:
- [x] At least skimmed through [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-instructions) including [yt-dlp coding conventions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#yt-dlp-coding-conventions)
- [x] [Searched](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the bugtracker for similar pull requests
- [x] Checked the code with [flake8](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8)

### In order to be accepted and merged into yt-dlp each piece of code must be in public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/). Check one of the following options:
- [ ] I am the original author of this code and I am willing to release it under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/)
- [x] I am not the original author of this code but it is in public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/) (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/26934)

### What is the purpose of your *pull request*?
- [ ] Bug fix
- [ ] Improvement
- [x] New extractor
- [ ] New feature

---

### Description of your *pull request* and other information

[Opencast](https://opencast.org/) is a open source software used  by universities to publish recorded lectures. This allows to download lectures presented by Opencasts' "paella"-player.


Patch:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
index 3ca08ee09..75cc46824 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ body:
       label: Example URLs
       description: |
         Provide all kinds of example URLs for which support should be added
-      value: |
+      placeholder: |
         - Single video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         - Single video: https://youtu.be/BaW_jenozKc
         - Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index 61127d682..3d168fc73 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
   - name: Get help from the community on Discord
     url: https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r
-    about: Join the yt-dlp Discord for community-powered support!
\ No newline at end of file
+    about: Join the yt-dlp Discord for community-powered support!
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
index e23bc4195..ad6af55cf 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: Broken site support
 description: Report broken or misfunctioning site
-labels: [triage, extractor-bug]
+labels: [triage, site-bug]
 body:
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 09b98a9ec..2107bbf72 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: Site feature request
-description: Request a new functionality for a site
+description: Request a new functionality for a supported site
 labels: [triage, site-enhancement]
 body:
   - type: checkboxes
@@ -47,3 +47,26 @@ body:
       placeholder: WRITE DESCRIPTION HERE
     validations:
       required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: log
+    attributes:
+      label: Verbose log
+      description: |
+        Provide the complete verbose output of yt-dlp that demonstrates the need for the enhancement.
+        Add the `-Uv` flag to your command line you run yt-dlp with (`yt-dlp -Uv <your command line>`), copy the WHOLE output and insert it below.
+        It should look similar to this:
+      placeholder: |
+        [debug] Command-line config: ['-Uv', 'http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
+        [debug] Portable config file: yt-dlp.conf
+        [debug] Portable config: ['-i']
+        [debug] Encodings: locale cp1252, fs utf-8, stdout utf-8, stderr utf-8, pref cp1252
+        [debug] yt-dlp version %(version)s (exe)
+        [debug] Python version 3.8.8 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.19041-SP0
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 3.0.1, ffprobe 3.0.1
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome, keyring, mutagen, sqlite, websockets
+        [debug] Proxy map: {}
+        yt-dlp is up to date (%(version)s)
+        <more lines>
+      render: shell
+    validations:
+      required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
index 8219ebfd4..d06b072aa 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: Bug report
 description: Report a bug unrelated to any particular site or extractor
-labels: [triage,bug]
+labels: [triage, bug]
 body:
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
index 27e2e773b..6e8b2fd28 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Feature request request
+name: Feature request
 description: Request a new functionality unrelated to any particular site or extractor
 labels: [triage, enhancement]
 body:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
index a6e5fa80d..d1e46cfb1 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ body:
       description: |
         Carefully read and work through this check list in order to prevent the most common mistakes and misuse of yt-dlp:
       options:
-        - label: I'm asking a question and not reporting a bug/feature request
+        - label: I'm asking a question and **not** reporting a bug/feature request
           required: true
         - label: I've looked through the [README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme)
           required: true
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ body:
       description: |
         Ask your question in an arbitrary form.
         Please make sure it's worded well enough to be understood, see [is-the-description-of-the-issue-itself-sufficient](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#is-the-description-of-the-issue-itself-sufficient).
-        Provide any additional information and as much context and examples as possible
+        Provide any additional information and as much context and examples as possible.
+        If your question contains "isn't working" or "can you add", this is most likely the wrong template
       placeholder: WRITE QUESTION HERE
     validations:
       required: true
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 84a4f8406..232096916 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
 # Config
 *.conf
-*.spec
 cookies
 *cookies.txt
 .netrc
 
 # Downloaded
-*.3gp
 *.annotations.xml
-*.ape
 *.aria2
-*.avi
 *.description
-*.desktop
 *.dump
-*.flac
-*.flv
 *.frag
+*.frag.aria2
 *.frag.urls
 *.info.json
+*.live_chat.json
+*.part*
+*.unknown_video
+*.ytdl
+.cache/
+
+*.3gp
+*.ape
+*.avi
+*.desktop
+*.flac
+*.flv
 *.jpeg
 *.jpg
-*.live_chat.json
 *.m4a
 *.m4v
 *.mhtml
@@ -31,23 +36,18 @@ cookies
 *.mp4
 *.ogg
 *.opus
-*.part
-*.part-*
 *.png
 *.sbv
 *.srt
 *.swf
 *.swp
 *.ttml
-*.unknown_video
 *.url
 *.vtt
 *.wav
 *.webloc
 *.webm
 *.webp
-*.ytdl
-.cache/
 
 # Allow config/media files in testdata
 !test/**
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@ README.txt
 *.1
 *.bash-completion
 *.fish
-*.exe
 *.tar.gz
 *.zsh
 *.spec
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index d99e96006..d14208748 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -227,6 +227,13 @@ ## Adding support for a new site
 
 In any case, thank you very much for your contributions!
 
+**Tip:** To test extractors that require login information, create a file `test/local_parameters.json` and add `"usenetrc": true` or your username and password in it:
+```json
+{
+    "username": "your user name",
+    "password": "your password"
+}
+```
 
 ## yt-dlp coding conventions
 
diff --git a/Collaborators.md b/Collaborators.md
index 0017e1cd4..1c17f8ab1 100644
--- a/Collaborators.md
+++ b/Collaborators.md
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ ## [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
 [![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Sponsor-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/coletdjnz)
 
 * YouTube improvements including: age-gate bypass, private playlists, multiple-clients (to avoid throttling) and a lot of under-the-hood improvements
+* Added support for downloading YoutubeWebArchive videos
 
 
 
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index c0b904d8e..a34735f6c 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ pypi-files: AUTHORS Changelog.md LICENSE README.md README.txt supportedsites com
 .PHONY: all clean install test tar pypi-files completions ot offlinetest codetest supportedsites
 
 clean-test:
-	rm -rf *.3gp *.annotations.xml *.ape *.avi *.description *.dump *.flac *.flv *.frag *.frag.aria2 *.frag.urls \
-	*.info.json *.jpeg *.jpg *.live_chat.json *.m4a *.m4v *.mkv *.mp3 *.mp4 *.ogg *.opus *.part* *.png *.sbv *.srt \
-	*.swf *.swp *.ttml *.vtt *.wav *.webm *.webp *.mhtml *.mov *.unknown_video *.desktop *.url *.webloc *.ytdl \
-	test/testdata/player-*.js tmp/
+	rm -rf test/testdata/player-*.js tmp/ *.annotations.xml *.aria2 *.description *.dump *.frag \
+	*.frag.aria2 *.frag.urls *.info.json *.live_chat.json *.part* *.unknown_video *.ytdl \
+	*.3gp *.ape *.avi *.desktop *.flac *.flv *.jpeg *.jpg *.m4a *.m4v *.mhtml *.mkv *.mov *.mp3 \
+	*.mp4 *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.swf *.swp *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp
 clean-dist:
 	rm -rf yt-dlp.1.temp.md yt-dlp.1 README.txt MANIFEST build/ dist/ .coverage cover/ yt-dlp.tar.gz completions/ \
 	yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py *.spec CONTRIBUTING.md.tmp yt-dlp yt-dlp.exe yt_dlp.egg-info/ AUTHORS .mailmap
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6311157df..6a7977d25 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 
 # NEW FEATURES
 
-* Based on **youtube-dl 2021.06.06 [commit/379f52a](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/379f52a4954013767219d25099cce9e0f9401961)** and **youtube-dlc 2020.11.11-3 [commit/98e248f](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/98e248faa49e69d795abc60f7cdefcf91e2612aa)**: You get all the features and patches of [youtube-dlc](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc) in addition to the latest [youtube-dl](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl)
+* Based on **youtube-dl 2021.12.17 [commit/5014bd6](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/5014bd67c22b421207b2650d4dc874b95b36dda1)** and **youtube-dlc 2020.11.11-3 [commit/f9401f2](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/f9401f2a91987068139c5f757b12fc711d4c0cee)**: You get all the features and patches of [youtube-dlc](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc) in addition to the latest [youtube-dl](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl)
 
 * **[SponsorBlock Integration](#sponsorblock-options)**: You can mark/remove sponsor sections in youtube videos by utilizing the [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) API
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:
 
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
-* `avconv` is not supported as as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
+* `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * The default [output template](#output-template) is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. Instead, you may use `--compat-options filename`
 * The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order
 * The default format selector is `bv*+ba/b`. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use `-f bv+ba/b` or `--compat-options format-spec` to revert this
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ ### Using the release binary
 ```
 
 ```
-sudo aria2c https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp -o /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
+sudo aria2c https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp --dir /usr/local/bin -o yt-dlp
 sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/yt-dlp
 ```
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ ## DEPENDENCIES
 
 While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly recommended
 
-* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection) as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. Licence [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)
+* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection) as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. License [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)
 * [**mutagen**](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen) - For embedding thumbnail in certain formats. Licensed under [GPLv2+](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen/blob/master/COPYING)
 * [**pycryptodomex**](https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome) - For decrypting AES-128 HLS streams and various other data. Licensed under [BSD2](https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome/blob/master/LICENSE.rst)
 * [**websockets**](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets) - For downloading over websocket. Licensed under [BSD3](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets/blob/main/LICENSE)
@@ -463,6 +463,8 @@ ## Download Options:
                                      video data is re-extracted (e.g. 100K)
     -R, --retries RETRIES            Number of retries (default is 10), or
                                      "infinite"
+    --file-access-retries RETRIES    Number of times to retry on file access error
+                                     (default is 10), or "infinite"
     --fragment-retries RETRIES       Number of retries for a fragment (default
                                      is 10), or "infinite" (DASH, hlsnative and
                                      ISM)
@@ -1085,7 +1087,7 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
 
 1. **Default**: A literal default value can be specified for when the field is empty using a `|` separator. This overrides `--output-na-template`. Eg: `%(uploader|Unknown)s`
 
-1. **More Conversions**: In addition to the normal format types `diouxXeEfFgGcrs`, `B`, `j`, `l`, `q` can be used for converting to **B**ytes, **j**son (flag `#` for pretty-printing), a comma separated **l**ist (flag `#` for `\n` newline-separated) and a string **q**uoted for the terminal (flag `#` to split a list into different arguments), respectively
+1. **More Conversions**: In addition to the normal format types `diouxXeEfFgGcrs`, `B`, `j`, `l`, `q`, `D`, `S` can be used for converting to **B**ytes, **j**son (flag `#` for pretty-printing), a comma separated **l**ist (flag `#` for `\n` newline-separated), a string **q**uoted for the terminal (flag `#` to split a list into different arguments), to add **D**ecimal suffixes (Eg: 10M), and to **S**anitize as filename (flag `#` for restricted), respectively
 
 1. **Unicode normalization**: The format type `U` can be used for NFC [unicode normalization](https://docs.python.org/3/library/unicodedata.html#unicodedata.normalize). The alternate form flag (`#`) changes the normalization to NFD and the conversion flag `+` can be used for NFKC/NFKD compatibility equivalence normalization. Eg: `%(title)+.100U` is NFKC
 
@@ -1290,6 +1292,8 @@ # FORMAT SELECTION
 
 You can also use a file extension (currently `3gp`, `aac`, `flv`, `m4a`, `mp3`, `mp4`, `ogg`, `wav`, `webm` are supported) to download the best quality format of a particular file extension served as a single file, e.g. `-f webm` will download the best quality format with the `webm` extension served as a single file.
 
+You can use `-f -` to interactively provide the format selector *for each video*
+
 You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:
 
  - `all`: Select **all formats** separately
diff --git a/devscripts/update-version.py b/devscripts/update-version.py
index 0dc920b32..0ee7bf291 100644
--- a/devscripts/update-version.py
+++ b/devscripts/update-version.py
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@
 except Exception:
     GIT_HEAD = None
 
-VERSION_FILE = f'''
+VERSION_FILE = f'''\
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py
 
 __version__ = {VERSION!r}
 
 RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = {GIT_HEAD!r}
-'''.lstrip()
+'''
 
 with open('yt_dlp/version.py', 'wt') as f:
     f.write(VERSION_FILE)
diff --git a/docs/Contributing.md b/docs/Contributing.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60fe46909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/Contributing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+orphan: true
+---
+```{include} ../Contributing.md
+```
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index b5d438096..4d6152e6e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
     float_or_none,
     format_bytes,
     format_field,
+    format_decimal_suffix,
     formatSeconds,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     get_domain,
@@ -449,8 +450,8 @@ class YoutubeDL(object):
     The following parameters are not used by YoutubeDL itself, they are used by
     the downloader (see yt_dlp/downloader/common.py):
     nopart, updatetime, buffersize, ratelimit, throttledratelimit, min_filesize,
-    max_filesize, test, noresizebuffer, retries, fragment_retries, continuedl,
-    noprogress, xattr_set_filesize, hls_use_mpegts, http_chunk_size,
+    max_filesize, test, noresizebuffer, retries, file_access_retries, fragment_retries,
+    continuedl, noprogress, xattr_set_filesize, hls_use_mpegts, http_chunk_size,
     external_downloader_args, concurrent_fragment_downloads.
 
     The following options are used by the post processors:
@@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
 
         # Creating format selector here allows us to catch syntax errors before the extraction
         self.format_selector = (
-            None if self.params.get('format') is None
+            self.params.get('format') if self.params.get('format') in (None, '-')
             else self.params['format'] if callable(self.params['format'])
             else self.build_format_selector(self.params['format']))
 
@@ -818,14 +819,15 @@ def __exit__(self, *args):
         if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
             self.cookiejar.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
 
-    def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None):
+    def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None, is_error=True):
         """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
 
         Depending on if the downloader has been configured to ignore
         download errors or not, this method may throw an exception or
         not when errors are found, after printing the message.
 
-        tb, if given, is additional traceback information.
+        @param tb          If given, is additional traceback information
+        @param is_error    Whether to raise error according to ignorerrors
         """
         if message is not None:
             self.to_stderr(message)
@@ -841,6 +843,8 @@ def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None):
                     tb = ''.join(tb_data)
             if tb:
                 self.to_stderr(tb)
+        if not is_error:
+            return
         if not self.params.get('ignoreerrors'):
             if sys.exc_info()[0] and hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
                 exc_info = sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info
@@ -900,12 +904,12 @@ def deprecation_warning(self, message):
         else:
             self.to_stderr(f'{self._format_err("DeprecationWarning:", self.Styles.ERROR)} {message}', True)
 
-    def report_error(self, message, tb=None):
+    def report_error(self, message, *args, **kwargs):
         '''
         Do the same as trouble, but prefixes the message with 'ERROR:', colored
         in red if stderr is a tty file.
         '''
-        self.trouble(f'{self._format_err("ERROR:", self.Styles.ERROR)} {message}', tb)
+        self.trouble(f'{self._format_err("ERROR:", self.Styles.ERROR)} {message}', *args, **kwargs)
 
     def write_debug(self, message, only_once=False):
         '''Log debug message or Print message to stderr'''
@@ -1002,7 +1006,7 @@ def escape_outtmpl(outtmpl):
     def validate_outtmpl(cls, outtmpl):
         ''' @return None or Exception object '''
         outtmpl = re.sub(
-            STR_FORMAT_RE_TMPL.format('[^)]*', '[ljqBU]'),
+            STR_FORMAT_RE_TMPL.format('[^)]*', '[ljqBUDS]'),
             lambda mobj: f'{mobj.group(0)[:-1]}s',
             cls._outtmpl_expandpath(outtmpl))
         try:
@@ -1018,8 +1022,12 @@ def _copy_infodict(info_dict):
             info_dict.pop(key, None)
         return info_dict
 
-    def prepare_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize=None):
-        """ Make the outtmpl and info_dict suitable for substitution: ydl.escape_outtmpl(outtmpl) % info_dict """
+    def prepare_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize=False):
+        """ Make the outtmpl and info_dict suitable for substitution: ydl.escape_outtmpl(outtmpl) % info_dict
+        @param sanitize    Whether to sanitize the output as a filename.
+                           For backward compatibility, a function can also be passed
+        """
+
         info_dict.setdefault('epoch', int(time.time()))  # keep epoch consistent once set
 
         info_dict = self._copy_infodict(info_dict)
@@ -1040,7 +1048,7 @@ def prepare_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize=None):
         }
 
         TMPL_DICT = {}
-        EXTERNAL_FORMAT_RE = re.compile(STR_FORMAT_RE_TMPL.format('[^)]*', f'[{STR_FORMAT_TYPES}ljqBU]'))
+        EXTERNAL_FORMAT_RE = re.compile(STR_FORMAT_RE_TMPL.format('[^)]*', f'[{STR_FORMAT_TYPES}ljqBUDS]'))
         MATH_FUNCTIONS = {
             '+': float.__add__,
             '-': float.__sub__,
@@ -1048,7 +1056,7 @@ def prepare_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize=None):
         # Field is of the form key1.key2...
         # where keys (except first) can be string, int or slice
         FIELD_RE = r'\w*(?:\.(?:\w+|{num}|{num}?(?::{num}?){{1,2}}))*'.format(num=r'(?:-?\d+)')
-        MATH_FIELD_RE = r'''{field}|{num}'''.format(field=FIELD_RE, num=r'-?\d+(?:.\d+)?')
+        MATH_FIELD_RE = r'''(?:{field}|{num})'''.format(field=FIELD_RE, num=r'-?\d+(?:.\d+)?')
         MATH_OPERATORS_RE = r'(?:%s)' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, MATH_FUNCTIONS.keys()))
         INTERNAL_FORMAT_RE = re.compile(r'''(?x)
             (?P<negate>-)?
@@ -1104,6 +1112,13 @@ def get_value(mdict):
 
         na = self.params.get('outtmpl_na_placeholder', 'NA')
 
+        def filename_sanitizer(key, value, restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames')):
+            return sanitize_filename(str(value), restricted=restricted,
+                                     is_id=re.search(r'(^|[_.])id(\.|$)', key))
+
+        sanitizer = sanitize if callable(sanitize) else filename_sanitizer
+        sanitize = bool(sanitize)
+
         def _dumpjson_default(obj):
             if isinstance(obj, (set, LazyList)):
                 return list(obj)
@@ -1114,7 +1129,7 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
                 return outer_mobj.group(0)
             key = outer_mobj.group('key')
             mobj = re.match(INTERNAL_FORMAT_RE, key)
-            initial_field = mobj.group('fields').split('.')[-1] if mobj else ''
+            initial_field = mobj.group('fields') if mobj else ''
             value, replacement, default = None, None, na
             while mobj:
                 mobj = mobj.groupdict()
@@ -1136,7 +1151,7 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
             str_fmt = f'{fmt[:-1]}s'
             if fmt[-1] == 'l':  # list
                 delim = '\n' if '#' in flags else ', '
-                value, fmt = delim.join(variadic(value)), str_fmt
+                value, fmt = delim.join(variadic(value, allowed_types=(str, bytes))), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'j':  # json
                 value, fmt = json.dumps(value, default=_dumpjson_default, indent=4 if '#' in flags else None), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'q':  # quoted
@@ -1150,6 +1165,10 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
                     # "+" = compatibility equivalence, "#" = NFD
                     'NF%s%s' % ('K' if '+' in flags else '', 'D' if '#' in flags else 'C'),
                     value), str_fmt
+            elif fmt[-1] == 'D':  # decimal suffix
+                value, fmt = format_decimal_suffix(value, f'%{fmt[:-1]}f%s' if fmt[:-1] else '%d%s'), 's'
+            elif fmt[-1] == 'S':  # filename sanitization
+                value, fmt = filename_sanitizer(initial_field, value, restricted='#' in flags), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'c':
                 if value:
                     value = str(value)[0]
@@ -1166,7 +1185,7 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
                     # So we convert it to repr first
                     value, fmt = repr(value), str_fmt
                 if fmt[-1] in 'csr':
-                    value = sanitize(initial_field, value)
+                    value = sanitizer(initial_field, value)
 
             key = '%s\0%s' % (key.replace('%', '%\0'), outer_mobj.group('format'))
             TMPL_DICT[key] = value
@@ -1180,12 +1199,8 @@ def evaluate_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, *args, **kwargs):
 
     def _prepare_filename(self, info_dict, tmpl_type='default'):
         try:
-            sanitize = lambda k, v: sanitize_filename(
-                compat_str(v),
-                restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'),
-                is_id=(k == 'id' or k.endswith('_id')))
             outtmpl = self._outtmpl_expandpath(self.outtmpl_dict.get(tmpl_type, self.outtmpl_dict['default']))
-            filename = self.evaluate_outtmpl(outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize)
+            filename = self.evaluate_outtmpl(outtmpl, info_dict, True)
 
             force_ext = OUTTMPL_TYPES.get(tmpl_type)
             if filename and force_ext is not None:
@@ -1480,7 +1495,7 @@ def process_ie_result(self, ie_result, download=True, extra_info=None):
                 self.write_debug('Additional URLs: "%s"' % '", "'.join(additional_urls))
                 ie_result['additional_entries'] = [
                     self.extract_info(
-                        url, download, extra_info,
+                        url, download, extra_info=extra_info,
                         force_generic_extractor=self.params.get('force_generic_extractor'))
                     for url in additional_urls
                 ]
@@ -2448,20 +2463,18 @@ def is_wellformed(f):
         # The pre-processors may have modified the formats
         formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
 
+        list_only = self.params.get('simulate') is None and (
+            self.params.get('list_thumbnails') or self.params.get('listformats') or self.params.get('listsubtitles'))
+        interactive_format_selection = not list_only and self.format_selector == '-'
         if self.params.get('list_thumbnails'):
             self.list_thumbnails(info_dict)
-        if self.params.get('listformats'):
-            if not info_dict.get('formats') and not info_dict.get('url'):
-                self.to_screen('%s has no formats' % info_dict['id'])
-            else:
-                self.list_formats(info_dict)
         if self.params.get('listsubtitles'):
             if 'automatic_captions' in info_dict:
                 self.list_subtitles(
                     info_dict['id'], automatic_captions, 'automatic captions')
             self.list_subtitles(info_dict['id'], subtitles, 'subtitles')
-        list_only = self.params.get('simulate') is None and (
-            self.params.get('list_thumbnails') or self.params.get('listformats') or self.params.get('listsubtitles'))
+        if self.params.get('listformats') or interactive_format_selection:
+            self.list_formats(info_dict)
         if list_only:
             # Without this printing, -F --print-json will not work
             self.__forced_printings(info_dict, self.prepare_filename(info_dict), incomplete=True)
@@ -2473,33 +2486,48 @@ def is_wellformed(f):
             self.write_debug('Default format spec: %s' % req_format)
             format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
 
-        # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original
-        # format set in order to calculate some metrics or do some processing.
-        # For now we need to be able to guess whether original formats provided
-        # by extractor are incomplete or not (i.e. whether extractor provides only
-        # video-only or audio-only formats) for proper formats selection for
-        # extractors with such incomplete formats (see
-        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5556).
-        # Since formats may be filtered during format selection and may not match
-        # the original formats the results may be incorrect. Thus original formats
-        # or pre-calculated metrics should be passed to format selection routines
-        # as well.
-        # We will pass a context object containing all necessary additional data
-        # instead of just formats.
-        # This fixes incorrect format selection issue (see
-        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10083).
-        incomplete_formats = (
-            # All formats are video-only or
-            all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)
-            # all formats are audio-only
-            or all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats))
-
-        ctx = {
-            'formats': formats,
-            'incomplete_formats': incomplete_formats,
-        }
+        while True:
+            if interactive_format_selection:
+                req_format = input(
+                    self._format_screen('\nEnter format selector: ', self.Styles.EMPHASIS))
+                try:
+                    format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
+                except SyntaxError as err:
+                    self.report_error(err, tb=False, is_error=False)
+                    continue
+
+            # While in format selection we may need to have an access to the original
+            # format set in order to calculate some metrics or do some processing.
+            # For now we need to be able to guess whether original formats provided
+            # by extractor are incomplete or not (i.e. whether extractor provides only
+            # video-only or audio-only formats) for proper formats selection for
+            # extractors with such incomplete formats (see
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/5556).
+            # Since formats may be filtered during format selection and may not match
+            # the original formats the results may be incorrect. Thus original formats
+            # or pre-calculated metrics should be passed to format selection routines
+            # as well.
+            # We will pass a context object containing all necessary additional data
+            # instead of just formats.
+            # This fixes incorrect format selection issue (see
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10083).
+            incomplete_formats = (
+                # All formats are video-only or
+                all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)
+                # all formats are audio-only
+                or all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats))
+
+            ctx = {
+                'formats': formats,
+                'incomplete_formats': incomplete_formats,
+            }
+
+            formats_to_download = list(format_selector(ctx))
+            if interactive_format_selection and not formats_to_download:
+                self.report_error('Requested format is not available', tb=False, is_error=False)
+                continue
+            break
 
-        formats_to_download = list(format_selector(ctx))
         if not formats_to_download:
             if not self.params.get('ignore_no_formats_error'):
                 raise ExtractorError('Requested format is not available', expected=True,
@@ -3330,6 +3358,11 @@ def _list_format_headers(self, *headers):
         return headers
 
     def list_formats(self, info_dict):
+        if not info_dict.get('formats') and not info_dict.get('url'):
+            self.to_screen('%s has no formats' % info_dict['id'])
+            return
+        self.to_screen('[info] Available formats for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
+
         formats = info_dict.get('formats', [info_dict])
         new_format = self.params.get('listformats_table', True) is not False
         if new_format:
@@ -3344,7 +3377,7 @@ def list_formats(self, info_dict):
                     delim,
                     format_field(f, 'filesize', ' \t%s', func=format_bytes) + format_field(f, 'filesize_approx', '~\t%s', func=format_bytes),
                     format_field(f, 'tbr', '\t%dk'),
-                    shorten_protocol_name(f.get('protocol', '').replace('native', 'n')),
+                    shorten_protocol_name(f.get('protocol', '')),
                     delim,
                     format_field(f, 'vcodec', default='unknown').replace(
                         'none',
@@ -3380,8 +3413,6 @@ def list_formats(self, info_dict):
                 if f.get('preference') is None or f['preference'] >= -1000]
             header_line = ['format code', 'extension', 'resolution', 'note']
 
-        self.to_screen(
-            '[info] Available formats for %s:' % info_dict['id'])
         self.to_stdout(render_table(
             header_line, table,
             extra_gap=(0 if new_format else 1),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
index ab68f26c0..d0d765331 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 )
 from .compat import (
     compat_getpass,
+    compat_os_name,
     compat_shlex_quote,
     workaround_optparse_bug9161,
 )
@@ -95,7 +96,8 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
     if opts.batchfile is not None:
         try:
             if opts.batchfile == '-':
-                write_string('Reading URLs from stdin:\n')
+                write_string('Reading URLs from stdin - EOF (%s) to end:\n' % (
+                    'Ctrl+Z' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'))
                 batchfd = sys.stdin
             else:
                 batchfd = io.open(
@@ -136,6 +138,11 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
         sys.exit(0)
 
     # Conflicting, missing and erroneous options
+    if opts.format == 'best':
+        warnings.append('.\n         '.join((
+            '"-f best" selects the best pre-merged format which is often not the best option',
+            'To let yt-dlp download and merge the best available formats, simply do not pass any format selection',
+            'If you know what you are doing and want only the best pre-merged format, use "-f b" instead to suppress this warning')))
     if opts.usenetrc and (opts.username is not None or opts.password is not None):
         parser.error('using .netrc conflicts with giving username/password')
     if opts.password is not None and opts.username is None:
@@ -215,6 +222,8 @@ def parse_retries(retries, name=''):
         return parsed_retries
     if opts.retries is not None:
         opts.retries = parse_retries(opts.retries)
+    if opts.file_access_retries is not None:
+        opts.file_access_retries = parse_retries(opts.file_access_retries, 'file access ')
     if opts.fragment_retries is not None:
         opts.fragment_retries = parse_retries(opts.fragment_retries, 'fragment ')
     if opts.extractor_retries is not None:
@@ -513,7 +522,7 @@ def report_unplayable_conflict(opt_name, arg, default=False, allowed=None):
             if len(dur) == 2 and all(t is not None for t in dur):
                 remove_ranges.append(tuple(dur))
                 continue
-            parser.error(f'invalid --remove-chapters time range {regex!r}. Must be of the form ?start-end')
+            parser.error(f'invalid --remove-chapters time range {regex!r}. Must be of the form *start-end')
         try:
             remove_chapters_patterns.append(re.compile(regex))
         except re.error as err:
@@ -666,6 +675,7 @@ def report_deprecation(val, old, new=None):
         'throttledratelimit': opts.throttledratelimit,
         'overwrites': opts.overwrites,
         'retries': opts.retries,
+        'file_access_retries': opts.file_access_retries,
         'fragment_retries': opts.fragment_retries,
         'extractor_retries': opts.extractor_retries,
         'skip_unavailable_fragments': opts.skip_unavailable_fragments,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
index d0c9c223f..37321e34b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -4,12 +4,14 @@
 import re
 import time
 import random
+import errno
 
 from ..utils import (
     decodeArgument,
     encodeFilename,
     error_to_compat_str,
     format_bytes,
+    sanitize_open,
     shell_quote,
     timeconvert,
     timetuple_from_msec,
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@ class FileDownloader(object):
     ratelimit:          Download speed limit, in bytes/sec.
     throttledratelimit: Assume the download is being throttled below this speed (bytes/sec)
     retries:            Number of times to retry for HTTP error 5xx
+    file_access_retries:   Number of times to retry on file access error
     buffersize:         Size of download buffer in bytes.
     noresizebuffer:     Do not automatically resize the download buffer.
     continuedl:         Try to continue downloads if possible.
@@ -207,6 +210,21 @@ def undo_temp_name(self, filename):
     def ytdl_filename(self, filename):
         return filename + '.ytdl'
 
+    def sanitize_open(self, filename, open_mode):
+        file_access_retries = self.params.get('file_access_retries', 10)
+        retry = 0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                return sanitize_open(filename, open_mode)
+            except (IOError, OSError) as err:
+                retry = retry + 1
+                if retry > file_access_retries or err.errno not in (errno.EACCES,):
+                    raise
+                self.to_screen(
+                    '[download] Got file access error. Retrying (attempt %d of %s) ...'
+                    % (retry, self.format_retries(file_access_retries)))
+                time.sleep(0.01)
+
     def try_rename(self, old_filename, new_filename):
         if old_filename == new_filename:
             return
@@ -397,6 +415,7 @@ def download(self, filename, info_dict, subtitle=False):
                     'status': 'finished',
                     'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)),
                 }, info_dict)
+                self._finish_multiline_status()
                 return True, False
 
         if subtitle is False:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py
index 8dd43f4fa..a845ee7d3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
             if real_downloader:
                 self.to_screen(
                     '[%s] Fragment downloads will be delegated to %s' % (self.FD_NAME, real_downloader.get_basename()))
-                info_dict['fragments'] = fragments_to_download
+                info_dict['fragments'] = list(fragments_to_download)
                 fd = real_downloader(self.ydl, self.params)
                 return fd.real_download(filename, info_dict)
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
 
     def _resolve_fragments(self, fragments, ctx):
         fragments = fragments(ctx) if callable(fragments) else fragments
-        return [next(fragments)] if self.params.get('test') else fragments
+        return [next(iter(fragments))] if self.params.get('test') else fragments
 
     def _get_fragments(self, fmt, ctx):
         fragment_base_url = fmt.get('fragment_base_url')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
index da69423f7..84738221b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
     handle_youtubedl_headers,
     check_executable,
     Popen,
-    sanitize_open,
 )
 
 
@@ -144,11 +143,11 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
                 return -1
 
         decrypt_fragment = self.decrypter(info_dict)
-        dest, _ = sanitize_open(tmpfilename, 'wb')
+        dest, _ = self.sanitize_open(tmpfilename, 'wb')
         for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
             fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (tmpfilename, frag_index)
             try:
-                src, _ = sanitize_open(fragment_filename, 'rb')
+                src, _ = self.sanitize_open(fragment_filename, 'rb')
             except IOError as err:
                 if skip_unavailable_fragments and frag_index > 1:
                     self.report_skip_fragment(frag_index, err)
@@ -290,7 +289,7 @@ def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
             for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
                 fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (os.path.basename(tmpfilename), frag_index)
                 url_list.append('%s\n\tout=%s' % (fragment['url'], fragment_filename))
-            stream, _ = sanitize_open(url_list_file, 'wb')
+            stream, _ = self.sanitize_open(url_list_file, 'wb')
             stream.write('\n'.join(url_list).encode('utf-8'))
             stream.close()
             cmd += ['-i', url_list_file]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
index 79c6561c7..c1b90e2a2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
     DownloadError,
     error_to_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
-    sanitize_open,
     sanitized_Request,
 )
 
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ def __do_ytdl_file(self, ctx):
 
     def _read_ytdl_file(self, ctx):
         assert 'ytdl_corrupt' not in ctx
-        stream, _ = sanitize_open(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']), 'r')
+        stream, _ = self.sanitize_open(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']), 'r')
         try:
             ytdl_data = json.loads(stream.read())
             ctx['fragment_index'] = ytdl_data['downloader']['current_fragment']['index']
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ def _read_ytdl_file(self, ctx):
             stream.close()
 
     def _write_ytdl_file(self, ctx):
-        frag_index_stream, _ = sanitize_open(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']), 'w')
+        frag_index_stream, _ = self.sanitize_open(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']), 'w')
         try:
             downloader = {
                 'current_fragment': {
@@ -140,7 +139,7 @@ def _download_fragment(self, ctx, frag_url, info_dict, headers=None, request_dat
         return True, self._read_fragment(ctx)
 
     def _read_fragment(self, ctx):
-        down, frag_sanitized = sanitize_open(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized'], 'rb')
+        down, frag_sanitized = self.sanitize_open(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized'], 'rb')
         ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized'] = frag_sanitized
         frag_content = down.read()
         down.close()
@@ -216,7 +215,7 @@ def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
                 self._write_ytdl_file(ctx)
                 assert ctx['fragment_index'] == 0
 
-        dest_stream, tmpfilename = sanitize_open(tmpfilename, open_mode)
+        dest_stream, tmpfilename = self.sanitize_open(tmpfilename, open_mode)
 
         ctx.update({
             'dl': dl,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
index 6290884a8..34a1eb59b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
     ContentTooShortError,
     encodeFilename,
     int_or_none,
-    sanitize_open,
     sanitized_Request,
     ThrottledDownload,
     write_xattr,
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ def retry(e):
                 # Open destination file just in time
                 if ctx.stream is None:
                     try:
-                        ctx.stream, ctx.tmpfilename = sanitize_open(
+                        ctx.stream, ctx.tmpfilename = self.sanitize_open(
                             ctx.tmpfilename, ctx.open_mode)
                         assert ctx.stream is not None
                         ctx.filename = self.undo_temp_name(ctx.tmpfilename)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
index 392c77884..33299e940 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ def _find_secret_formats(self, formats, video_id):
                 yield {
                     **base_format,
                     'format_id': join_nonempty('sec', height),
-                    'url': re.sub(r'(QualityLevels\()\d+(\))', fr'\<1>{bitrate}\2', base_url),
+                    'url': re.sub(r'(QualityLevels\()\d+(\))', fr'\1{bitrate}\2', base_url),
                     'width': int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('MaxWidth')),
                     'tbr': bitrate / 1000.0,
                     'height': height,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index 9abbaf04f..6cd2551bf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -616,7 +616,7 @@ def extract(self, url):
             kwargs = {
                 'video_id': e.video_id or self.get_temp_id(url),
                 'ie': self.IE_NAME,
-                'tb': e.traceback,
+                'tb': e.traceback or sys.exc_info()[2],
                 'expected': e.expected,
                 'cause': e.cause
             }
@@ -1574,7 +1574,7 @@ class FormatSort:
             'vcodec': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True,
                        'order': ['av0?1', 'vp0?9.2', 'vp0?9', '[hx]265|he?vc?', '[hx]264|avc', 'vp0?8', 'mp4v|h263', 'theora', '', None, 'none']},
             'acodec': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True,
-                       'order': ['opus', 'vorbis', 'aac', 'mp?4a?', 'mp3', 'e-?a?c-?3', 'ac-?3', 'dts', '', None, 'none']},
+                       'order': ['[af]lac', 'wav|aiff', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'aac', 'mp?4a?', 'mp3', 'e-?a?c-?3', 'ac-?3', 'dts', '', None, 'none']},
             'hdr': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True, 'field': 'dynamic_range',
                     'order': ['dv', '(hdr)?12', r'(hdr)?10\+', '(hdr)?10', 'hlg', '', 'sdr', None]},
             'proto': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True, 'field': 'protocol',
@@ -2332,7 +2332,7 @@ def _extract_smil_formats_and_subtitles(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4
 
         if smil is False:
             assert not fatal
-            return []
+            return [], {}
 
         namespace = self._parse_smil_namespace(smil)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a7442d8f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .vimeo import VHXEmbedIE
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    ExtractorError,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_by_id,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    unified_strdate,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+)
+
+
+class DropoutIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.dropout.tv/login'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'dropout'
+
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dropout\.tv/(?:[^/]+/)*videos/(?P<id>[^/]+)/?$'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/game-changer/season:2/videos/yes-or-no',
+            'note': 'Episode in a series',
+            'md5': '5e000fdfd8d8fa46ff40456f1c2af04a',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '738153',
+                'display_id': 'yes-or-no',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Yes or No',
+                'description': 'Ally, Brennan, and Zac are asked a simple question, but is there a correct answer?',
+                'release_date': '20200508',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/chuncensoredstaging/assets/351e3f24-c4a3-459a-8b79-dc80f1e5b7fd.jpg',
+                'series': 'Game Changer',
+                'season_number': 2,
+                'season': 'Season 2',
+                'episode_number': 6,
+                'episode': 'Yes or No',
+                'duration': 1180,
+                'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+                'uploader': 'OTT Videos'
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest']
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/dimension-20-fantasy-high/season:1/videos/episode-1',
+            'note': 'Episode in a series (missing release_date)',
+            'md5': '712caf7c191f1c47c8f1879520c2fa5c',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '320562',
+                'display_id': 'episode-1',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'The Beginning Begins',
+                'description': 'The cast introduces their PCs, including a neurotic elf, a goblin PI, and a corn-worshipping cleric.',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/chuncensoredstaging/assets/4421ed0d-f630-4c88-9004-5251b2b8adfa.jpg',
+                'series': 'Dimension 20: Fantasy High',
+                'season_number': 1,
+                'season': 'Season 1',
+                'episode_number': 1,
+                'episode': 'The Beginning Begins',
+                'duration': 6838,
+                'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+                'uploader': 'OTT Videos'
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest']
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/videos/misfits-magic-holiday-special',
+            'note': 'Episode not in a series',
+            'md5': 'c30fa18999c5880d156339f13c953a26',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1915774',
+                'display_id': 'misfits-magic-holiday-special',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Misfits & Magic Holiday Special',
+                'description': 'The magical misfits spend Christmas break at Gowpenny, with an unwelcome visitor.',
+                'release_date': '20211215',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/chuncensoredstaging/assets/d91ea8a6-b250-42ed-907e-b30fb1c65176-8e24b8e5.jpg',
+                'duration': 11698,
+                'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+                'uploader': 'OTT Videos'
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest']
+        }
+    ]
+
+    def _get_authenticity_token(self, display_id):
+        signin_page = self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_URL, display_id, note='Getting authenticity token')
+        return self._html_search_regex(
+            r'name=["\']authenticity_token["\'] value=["\'](.+?)["\']',
+            signin_page, 'authenticity_token')
+
+    def _login(self, display_id):
+        username, password = self._get_login_info()
+        if not (username and password):
+            self.raise_login_required(method='password')
+
+        response = self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_URL, display_id, note='Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'email': username,
+                'password': password,
+                'authenticity_token': self._get_authenticity_token(display_id),
+                'utf8': True
+            }))
+
+        user_has_subscription = self._search_regex(
+            r'user_has_subscription:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', response, 'subscription status', default='none')
+        if user_has_subscription.lower() == 'true':
+            return response
+        elif user_has_subscription.lower() == 'false':
+            raise ExtractorError('Account is not subscribed')
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError('Incorrect username/password')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        try:
+            self._login(display_id)
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, note='Downloading video webpage')
+        finally:
+            self._download_webpage('https://www.dropout.tv/logout', display_id, note='Logging out')
+
+        embed_url = self._search_regex(r'embed_url:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage, 'embed url')
+        thumbnail = self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage)
+        watch_info = get_element_by_id('watch-info', webpage) or ''
+
+        title = clean_html(get_element_by_class('video-title', watch_info))
+        season_episode = get_element_by_class(
+            'site-font-secondary-color', get_element_by_class('text', watch_info))
+        episode_number = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+            r'Episode (\d+)', season_episode or '', 'episode', default=None))
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'ie_key': VHXEmbedIE.ie_key(),
+            'url': embed_url,
+            'id': self._search_regex(r'embed.vhx.tv/videos/(.+?)\?', embed_url, 'id'),
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': title,
+            'description': self._html_search_meta('description', webpage, fatal=False),
+            'thumbnail': thumbnail.split('?')[0] if thumbnail else None,  # Ignore crop/downscale
+            'series': clean_html(get_element_by_class('series-title', watch_info)),
+            'episode_number': episode_number,
+            'episode': title if episode_number else None,
+            'season_number': int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                r'Season (\d+),', season_episode or '', 'season', default=None)),
+            'release_date': unified_strdate(self._search_regex(
+                r'data-meta-field-name=["\']release_dates["\'] data-meta-field-value=["\'](.+?)["\']',
+                watch_info, 'release date', default=None)),
+        }
+
+
+class DropoutSeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dropout\.tv/(?P<id>[^\/$&?#]+)(?:/?$|/season:[0-9]+/?$)'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/dimension-20-fantasy-high/season:1',
+            'note': 'Multi-season series with the season in the url',
+            'playlist_count': 17,
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'dimension-20-fantasy-high-season-1',
+                'title': 'Dimension 20 Fantasy High - Season 1'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/dimension-20-fantasy-high',
+            'note': 'Multi-season series with the season not in the url',
+            'playlist_count': 17,
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'dimension-20-fantasy-high-season-1',
+                'title': 'Dimension 20 Fantasy High - Season 1'
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/dimension-20-shriek-week',
+            'note': 'Single-season series',
+            'playlist_count': 4,
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'dimension-20-shriek-week-season-1',
+                'title': 'Dimension 20 Shriek Week - Season 1'
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        season_id = self._match_id(url)
+        season_title = season_id.replace('-', ' ').title()
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, season_id)
+
+        entries = [
+            self.url_result(
+                url=self._search_regex(r'<a href=["\'](.+?)["\'] class=["\']browse-item-link["\']',
+                                       item, 'item_url'),
+                ie=DropoutIE.ie_key()
+            ) for item in get_elements_by_class('js-collection-item', webpage)
+        ]
+
+        seasons = (get_element_by_class('select-dropdown-wrapper', webpage) or '').strip().replace('\n', '')
+        current_season = self._search_regex(r'<option[^>]+selected>([^<]+)</option>',
+                                            seasons, 'current_season', default='').strip()
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': join_nonempty(season_id, current_season.lower().replace(' ', '-')),
+            'title': join_nonempty(season_title, current_season, delim=' - '),
+            'entries': entries
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
index ee5ea533f..6798e0f37 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
@@ -385,6 +385,10 @@
 from .dispeak import DigitallySpeakingIE
 from .doodstream import DoodStreamIE
 from .dropbox import DropboxIE
+from .dropout import (
+    DropoutSeasonIE,
+    DropoutIE
+)
 from .dw import (
     DWIE,
     DWArticleIE,
@@ -1036,6 +1040,10 @@
     OoyalaIE,
     OoyalaExternalIE,
 )
+from .opencast import (
+    OpencastIE,
+    OpencastPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .openrec import (
     OpenRecIE,
     OpenRecCaptureIE,
@@ -1260,7 +1268,13 @@
 from .rtp import RTPIE
 from .rtrfm import RTRFMIE
 from .rts import RTSIE
-from .rtve import RTVEALaCartaIE, RTVELiveIE, RTVEInfantilIE, RTVELiveIE, RTVETelevisionIE
+from .rtve import (
+    RTVEALaCartaIE,
+    RTVEAudioIE,
+    RTVELiveIE,
+    RTVEInfantilIE,
+    RTVETelevisionIE,
+)
 from .rtvnh import RTVNHIE
 from .rtvs import RTVSIE
 from .ruhd import RUHDIE
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fancode.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fancode.py
index f6733b124..978df31ff 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fancode.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fancode.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class FancodeVodIE(InfoExtractor):
     _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'fancode'
 
-    _LOGIN_HINT = 'Use "--user refresh --password <refresh_token>" to login using a refresh token'
+    _LOGIN_HINT = 'Use "--username refresh --password <refresh_token>" to login using a refresh token'
 
     headers = {
         'content-type': 'application/json',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
index 84c1daca6..0dd4aa54a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     lowercase_escape,
     std_headers,
+    str_to_int,
     traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
@@ -293,7 +294,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, url = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'url')
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
         if 'www.instagram.com/accounts/login' in urlh.geturl():
-            self.raise_login_required('You need to log in to access this content')
+            self.report_warning('Main webpage is locked behind the login page. '
+                                'Retrying with embed webpage (Note that some metadata might be missing)')
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                'https://www.instagram.com/p/%s/embed/' % video_id, video_id, note='Downloading embed webpage')
 
         shared_data = self._parse_json(
             self._search_regex(
@@ -314,7 +318,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     r'window\.__additionalDataLoaded\s*\(\s*[^,]+,\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;',
                     webpage, 'additional data', default='{}'),
                 video_id, fatal=False)
-            media = traverse_obj(additional_data, ('graphql', 'shortcode_media'), expected_type=dict) or {}
+            media = traverse_obj(additional_data, ('graphql', 'shortcode_media'), 'shortcode_media', expected_type=dict) or {}
+
+        if not media and 'www.instagram.com/accounts/login' in urlh.geturl():
+            self.raise_login_required('You need to log in to access this content')
 
         uploader_id = traverse_obj(media, ('owner', 'username')) or self._search_regex(
             r'"owner"\s*:\s*{\s*"username"\s*:\s*"(.+?)"', webpage, 'uploader id', fatal=False)
@@ -348,13 +355,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             formats.extend(self._parse_mpd_formats(self._parse_xml(dash, video_id), mpd_id='dash'))
         self._sort_formats(formats)
 
+        comment_data = traverse_obj(media, ('edge_media_to_parent_comment', 'edges'))
         comments = [{
             'author': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('node', 'owner', 'username')),
             'author_id': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('node', 'owner', 'id')),
             'id': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('node', 'id')),
             'text': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('node', 'text')),
             'timestamp': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('node', 'created_at'), expected_type=int_or_none),
-        } for comment_dict in traverse_obj(media, ('edge_media_to_parent_comment', 'edges'))]
+        } for comment_dict in comment_data] if comment_data else None
 
         display_resources = (
             media.get('display_resources')
@@ -375,7 +383,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'timestamp': traverse_obj(media, 'taken_at_timestamp', 'date', expected_type=int_or_none),
             'uploader_id': uploader_id,
             'uploader': traverse_obj(media, ('owner', 'full_name')),
-            'like_count': self._get_count(media, 'likes', 'preview_like'),
+            'like_count': self._get_count(media, 'likes', 'preview_like') or str_to_int(self._search_regex(
+                r'data-log-event="likeCountClick"[^>]*>[^\d]*([\d,\.]+)', webpage, 'like count', fatal=False)),
             'comment_count': self._get_count(media, 'comments', 'preview_comment', 'to_comment', 'to_parent_comment'),
             'comments': comments,
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
index 0f87bf1d7..1405ce0c7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
@@ -184,28 +184,38 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = compat_urllib_parse_unquote(display_id)
         uri = 'lbry://' + display_id
         result = self._resolve_url(uri, display_id, 'stream')
-        result_value = result['value']
-        if result_value.get('stream_type') not in self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
+        if result['value'].get('stream_type') in self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
+            claim_id, is_live, headers = result['claim_id'], False, None
+            streaming_url = self._call_api_proxy(
+                'get', claim_id, {'uri': uri}, 'streaming url')['streaming_url']
+            final_url = self._request_webpage(
+                streaming_url, display_id, note='Downloading streaming redirect url info').geturl()
+        elif result.get('value_type') == 'stream':
+            claim_id, is_live = result['signing_channel']['claim_id'], True
+            headers = {'referer': 'https://player.odysee.live/'}
+            live_data = self._download_json(
+                f'https://api.live.odysee.com/v1/odysee/live/{claim_id}', claim_id,
+                note='Downloading livestream JSON metadata')['data']
+            if not live_data['live']:
+                raise ExtractorError('This stream is not live', expected=True)
+            streaming_url = final_url = live_data['url']
+        else:
             raise ExtractorError('Unsupported URL', expected=True)
-        claim_id = result['claim_id']
-        title = result_value['title']
-        streaming_url = self._call_api_proxy(
-            'get', claim_id, {'uri': uri}, 'streaming url')['streaming_url']
+
         info = self._parse_stream(result, url)
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(
-            streaming_url, display_id, note='Downloading streaming redirect url info')
-        if determine_ext(urlh.geturl()) == 'm3u8':
+        if determine_ext(final_url) == 'm3u8':
             info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                urlh.geturl(), display_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                m3u8_id='hls')
+                final_url, display_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls', live=is_live, headers=headers)
             self._sort_formats(info['formats'])
         else:
             info['url'] = streaming_url
-        info.update({
+        return {
+            **info,
             'id': claim_id,
-            'title': title,
-        })
-        return info
+            'title': result['value']['title'],
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            'http_headers': headers,
+        }
 
 
 class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py
index 3639d142f..89380d039 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py
@@ -77,13 +77,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         for kind, vid in re.findall(r'if\s+\(\s*imageQualityType\s*==\s*\'([^\']+)\'\s*\)\s*{\s*video_id\s*=\s*"(\d+)"', webpage):
             player_path = '/intent?id=%s&type=url' % vid
             player_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, player_path)
-            formats.append({
-                'url': player_url,
-                'format_id': kind,
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'protocol': 'm3u8',
-                'quality': 2 if kind == 'high' else 1,
-            })
+            formats += self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                player_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id=kind, fatal=False, quality=int(kind == 'high'))
 
         self._sort_formats(formats)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/npr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/npr.py
index 9d1122f0c..49f062d7a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/npr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/npr.py
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     elif format_id == 'smil':
                         smil_formats = self._extract_smil_formats(
                             format_url, media_id, transform_source=lambda s: s.replace(
-                                'rtmp://flash.npr.org/ondemand/', 'https://ondemand.npr.org/'))
+                                'rtmp://flash.npr.org/ondemand/', 'https://ondemand.npr.org/'),
+                            fatal=False)
                         self._check_formats(smil_formats, media_id)
                         formats.extend(smil_formats)
                     else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/opencast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/opencast.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf8d91717
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/opencast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# coding: utf-8
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    variadic,
+)
+
+
+class OpencastBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _INSTANCES_RE = r'''(?:
+                            opencast\.informatik\.kit\.edu|
+                            electures\.uni-muenster\.de|
+                            oc-presentation\.ltcc\.tuwien\.ac\.at|
+                            medien\.ph-noe\.ac\.at|
+                            oc-video\.ruhr-uni-bochum\.de|
+                            oc-video1\.ruhr-uni-bochum\.de|
+                            opencast\.informatik\.uni-goettingen\.de|
+                            heicast\.uni-heidelberg\.de|
+                            opencast\.hawk\.de:8080|
+                            opencast\.hs-osnabrueck\.de|
+                            video[0-9]+\.virtuos\.uni-osnabrueck\.de|
+                            opencast\.uni-koeln\.de|
+                            media\.opencast\.hochschule-rhein-waal\.de|
+                            matterhorn\.dce\.harvard\.edu|
+                            hs-harz\.opencast\.uni-halle\.de|
+                            videocampus\.urz\.uni-leipzig\.de|
+                            media\.uct\.ac\.za|
+                            vid\.igb\.illinois\.edu|
+                            cursosabertos\.c3sl\.ufpr\.br|
+                            mcmedia\.missioncollege\.org|
+                            clases\.odon\.edu\.uy
+                        )'''
+    _UUID_RE = r'[\da-fA-F]{8}-[\da-fA-F]{4}-[\da-fA-F]{4}-[\da-fA-F]{4}-[\da-fA-F]{12}'
+
+    def _call_api(self, host, video_id, **kwargs):
+        return self._download_json(self._API_BASE % (host, video_id), video_id, **kwargs)
+
+    def _parse_mediapackage(self, video):
+        video_id = video.get('id')
+        if video_id is None:
+            raise ExtractorError('Video id was not found')
+
+        formats = []
+        for track in variadic(traverse_obj(video, ('media', 'track')) or []):
+            href = track.get('url')
+            if href is None:
+                continue
+            ext = determine_ext(href, None)
+
+            transport = track.get('transport')
+
+            if transport == 'DASH' or ext == 'mpd':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(href, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+            elif transport == 'HLS' or ext == 'm3u8':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    href, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', entry_protocol='m3u8_native', fatal=False))
+            elif transport == 'HDS' or ext == 'f4m':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(href, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
+            elif transport == 'SMOOTH':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(href, video_id, ism_id='smooth', fatal=False))
+            elif ext == 'smil':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_smil_formats(href, video_id, fatal=False))
+            else:
+                track_obj = {
+                    'url': href,
+                    'ext': ext,
+                    'format_note': track.get('transport'),
+                    'resolution': traverse_obj(track, ('video', 'resolution')),
+                    'fps': int_or_none(traverse_obj(track, ('video', 'framerate'))),
+                    'vbr': int_or_none(traverse_obj(track, ('video', 'bitrate')), scale=1000),
+                    'vcodec': traverse_obj(track, ('video', 'encoder', 'type')) if track.get('video') else 'none',
+                    'abr': int_or_none(traverse_obj(track, ('audio', 'bitrate')), scale=1000),
+                    'asr': int_or_none(traverse_obj(track, ('audio', 'samplingrate'))),
+                    'acodec': traverse_obj(track, ('audio', 'encoder', 'type')) if track.get('audio') else 'none',
+                }
+
+                if transport == 'RTMP':
+                    m_obj = re.search(r'(?:rtmp://[^/]+/(?P<app>[^/]+))/(?P<ext>.+):(?P<playpath>.+)', href)
+                    if not m_obj:
+                        continue
+                    track_obj.update({
+                        'app': m_obj.group('app'),
+                        'ext': m_obj.group('ext'),
+                        'play_path': m_obj.group('ext') + ':' + m_obj.group('playpath'),
+                        'rtmp_live': True,
+                        'preference': -2,
+                    })
+                formats.append(track_obj)
+
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'title': video.get('title'),
+            'series': video.get('seriestitle'),
+            'season_id': video.get('series'),
+            'creator': traverse_obj(video, ('creators', 'creator')),
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(video.get('start')),
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(video, ('attachments', 'attachment', ..., 'url'), get_all=False),
+        }
+
+
+class OpencastIE(OpencastBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+                    https?://(?P<host>%s)/paella/ui/watch.html\?.*?
+                    id=(?P<id>%s)
+                    ''' % (OpencastBaseIE._INSTANCES_RE, OpencastBaseIE._UUID_RE)
+
+    _API_BASE = 'https://%s/search/episode.json?id=%s'
+
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://oc-video1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/paella/ui/watch.html?id=ed063cd5-72c8-46b5-a60a-569243edcea8',
+            'md5': '554c8e99a90f7be7e874619fcf2a3bc9',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'ed063cd5-72c8-46b5-a60a-569243edcea8',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '11 - Kryptographie - 24.11.2015',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                'timestamp': 1606208400,
+                'upload_date': '20201124',
+            },
+        }
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        host, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'id')
+        return self._parse_mediapackage(
+            self._call_api(host, video_id)['search-results']['result']['mediapackage'])
+
+
+class OpencastPlaylistIE(OpencastBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+                            https?://(?P<host>%s)/engage/ui/index.html\?.*?
+                            epFrom=(?P<id>%s)
+                    ''' % (OpencastBaseIE._INSTANCES_RE, OpencastBaseIE._UUID_RE)
+
+    _API_BASE = 'https://%s/search/episode.json?sid=%s'
+
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://oc-video1.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/engage/ui/index.html?epFrom=cf68a4a1-36b1-4a53-a6ba-61af5705a0d0',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'cf68a4a1-36b1-4a53-a6ba-61af5705a0d0',
+                'title': 'Kryptographie - WiSe 15/16',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 28,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://oc-video.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/engage/ui/index.html?e=1&p=1&epFrom=b1a54262-3684-403f-9731-8e77c3766f9a',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'b1a54262-3684-403f-9731-8e77c3766f9a',
+                'title': 'inSTUDIES-Social movements and prefigurative politics in a global perspective',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 6,
+        },
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        host, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'id')
+
+        entries = [
+            self._parse_mediapackage(episode['mediapackage'])
+            for episode in variadic(self._call_api(host, video_id)['search-results']['result'])
+            if episode.get('mediapackage')
+        ]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, traverse_obj(entries, (0, 'series')))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
index 6d894affd..4357c79df 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
@@ -258,8 +258,7 @@ def _extract_urls(webpage):
             webpage)
 
     def _extract_count(self, pattern, webpage, name):
-        return str_to_int(self._search_regex(
-            pattern, webpage, '%s count' % name, fatal=False))
+        return str_to_int(self._search_regex(pattern, webpage, '%s count' % name, default=None))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py
index 19b2f451c..ac42e58d9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 from __future__ import unicode_literals
 
-import itertools
 import json
 import random
 import time
@@ -12,6 +11,7 @@
     dict_get,
     ExtractorError,
     strip_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get
 )
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def _call_api(self, url, video_id, note=None):
         json = self._download_json(
             url, video_id, note=note, headers={'Authorization': self._AUTH_KEY})
         if json.get('status', {}).get('code', 0) != 0:
-            raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, json["status"]["message_client"]), cause=json)
+            raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {json["status"]["message_client"]}', cause=json)
         return json.get('data'), json.get('meta')
 
 
@@ -223,18 +223,30 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class RCTIPlusSeriesIE(RCTIPlusBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://www\.rctiplus\.com/programs/(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<display_id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://www\.rctiplus\.com/programs/(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<display_id>[^/?#&]+)(?:/(?P<type>episodes|extras|clips))?'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.rctiplus.com/programs/540/upin-ipin',
-        'playlist_mincount': 417,
+        'url': 'https://www.rctiplus.com/programs/829/putri-untuk-pangeran',
+        'playlist_mincount': 1019,
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '540',
-            'title': 'Upin & Ipin',
-            'description': 'md5:22cc912381f389664416844e1ec4f86b',
+            'id': '829',
+            'title': 'Putri Untuk Pangeran',
+            'description': 'md5:aca7b54d05bd95a67d4f4613cc1d622d',
+            'age_limit': 2,
+            'cast': ['Verrel Bramasta', 'Ranty Maria', 'Riza Syah', 'Ivan Fadilla', 'Nicole Parham', 'Dll', 'Aviv Elham'],
+            'display_id': 'putri-untuk-pangeran',
+            'tag': 'count:18',
         },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.rctiplus.com/programs/540/upin-ipin/episodes?utm_source=Rplusdweb&utm_medium=share_copy&utm_campaign=programsupin-ipin',
-        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {  # No episodes
+        'url': 'https://www.rctiplus.com/programs/615/inews-pagi',
+        'playlist_mincount': 388,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '615',
+            'title': 'iNews Pagi',
+            'description': 'md5:f18ee3d4643cfb41c358e5a9b693ee04',
+            'age_limit': 2,
+            'tag': 'count:11',
+            'display_id': 'inews-pagi',
+        }
     }]
     _AGE_RATINGS = {  # Based off https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_rating_konten_televisi with additional ratings
         'S-SU': 2,
@@ -269,47 +281,63 @@ def _entries(self, url, display_id=None, note='Downloading entries JSON', metada
                 display_id, '%s page %s' % (note, page_num))[0] or []
 
             for video_json in episode_list:
-                link = video_json['share_link']
-                url_res = self.url_result(link, 'RCTIPlus', video_json.get('product_id'), video_json.get('title'))
-                url_res.update(metadata)
-                yield url_res
+                yield {
+                    '_type': 'url',
+                    'url': video_json['share_link'],
+                    'ie_key': RCTIPlusIE.ie_key(),
+                    'id': video_json.get('product_id'),
+                    'title': video_json.get('title'),
+                    'display_id': video_json.get('title_code').replace('_', '-'),
+                    'description': video_json.get('summary'),
+                    'timestamp': video_json.get('release_date'),
+                    'duration': video_json.get('duration'),
+                    'season_number': video_json.get('season'),
+                    'episode_number': video_json.get('episode'),
+                    **metadata
+                }
+
+    def _series_entries(self, series_id, display_id=None, video_type=None, metadata={}):
+        if not video_type or video_type in 'episodes':
+            try:
+                seasons_list = self._call_api(
+                    f'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v1/program/{series_id}/season',
+                    display_id, 'Downloading seasons list JSON')[0]
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if 'not found' not in str(e):
+                    raise
+                seasons_list = []
+            for season in seasons_list:
+                yield from self._entries(
+                    f'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v2/program/{series_id}/episode?season={season["season"]}',
+                    display_id, f'Downloading season {season["season"]} episode entries', metadata)
+        if not video_type or video_type in 'extras':
+            yield from self._entries(
+                f'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v2/program/{series_id}/extra?content_id=0',
+                display_id, 'Downloading extra entries', metadata)
+        if not video_type or video_type in 'clips':
+            yield from self._entries(
+                f'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v2/program/{series_id}/clip?content_id=0',
+                display_id, 'Downloading clip entries', metadata)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        series_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        series_id, display_id, video_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'display_id', 'type')
+        if video_type:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Only {video_type} will be downloaded. '
+                f'To download everything from the series, remove "/{video_type}" from the URL')
 
         series_meta, meta_paths = self._call_api(
-            'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v1/program/%s/detail' % series_id, display_id, 'Downloading series metadata')
+            f'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v1/program/{series_id}/detail', display_id, 'Downloading series metadata')
         metadata = {
-            'age_limit': try_get(series_meta, lambda x: self._AGE_RATINGS[x['age_restriction'][0]['code']])
+            'age_limit': try_get(series_meta, lambda x: self._AGE_RATINGS[x['age_restriction'][0]['code']]),
+            'cast': traverse_obj(series_meta, (('starring', 'creator', 'writer'), ..., 'name'),
+                                 expected_type=lambda x: strip_or_none(x) or None),
+            'tag': traverse_obj(series_meta, ('tag', ..., 'name'),
+                                expected_type=lambda x: strip_or_none(x) or None),
         }
-
-        cast = []
-        for star in series_meta.get('starring', []):
-            cast.append(strip_or_none(star.get('name')))
-        for star in series_meta.get('creator', []):
-            cast.append(strip_or_none(star.get('name')))
-        for star in series_meta.get('writer', []):
-            cast.append(strip_or_none(star.get('name')))
-        metadata['cast'] = cast
-
-        tags = []
-        for tag in series_meta.get('tag', []):
-            tags.append(strip_or_none(tag.get('name')))
-        metadata['tag'] = tags
-
-        entries = []
-        seasons_list = self._call_api(
-            'https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v1/program/%s/season' % series_id, display_id, 'Downloading seasons list JSON')[0]
-        for season in seasons_list:
-            entries.append(self._entries('https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v2/program/%s/episode?season=%s' % (series_id, season['season']),
-                                         display_id, 'Downloading season %s episode entries' % season['season'], metadata))
-
-        entries.append(self._entries('https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v2/program/%s/clip?content_id=0' % series_id,
-                                     display_id, 'Downloading clip entries', metadata))
-        entries.append(self._entries('https://api.rctiplus.com/api/v2/program/%s/extra?content_id=0' % series_id,
-                                     display_id, 'Downloading extra entries', metadata))
-
-        return self.playlist_result(itertools.chain(*entries), series_id, series_meta.get('title'), series_meta.get('summary'), **metadata)
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._series_entries(series_id, display_id, video_type, metadata), series_id,
+            series_meta.get('title'), series_meta.get('summary'), display_id=display_id, **metadata)
 
 
 class RCTIPlusTVIE(RCTIPlusBaseIE):
@@ -345,5 +373,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         tv_id = match.get('tvname') or match.get('eventname')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, tv_id)
         video_type, video_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'url\s*:\s*["\']https://api\.rctiplus\.com/api/v./(?P<type>[^/]+)/(?P<id>\d+)/url', webpage, 'video link', group=('type', 'id'))
+            r'url\s*:\s*["\']https://api\.rctiplus\.com/api/v./(?P<type>[^/]+)/(?P<id>\d+)/url',
+            webpage, 'video link', group=('type', 'id'))
         return self.url_result(f'https://www.rctiplus.com/{video_type}/{video_id}/{tv_id}', 'RCTIPlus')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py
index 18672b2e3..652fdd116 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class RoosterTeethIE(RoosterTeethBaseIE):
             'series': 'Million Dollars, But...',
             'episode': 'Million Dollars, But... The Game Announcement',
         },
-        'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://roosterteeth.com/watch/rwby-bonus-25',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class RoosterTeethIE(RoosterTeethBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpe?g)$',
             'ext': 'mp4',
         },
-        'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://achievementhunter.roosterteeth.com/episode/off-topic-the-achievement-hunter-podcast-2016-i-didn-t-think-it-would-pass-31',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtve.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtve.py
index 0654fb08b..af1bb943d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtve.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtve.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     remove_end,
     remove_start,
     std_headers,
+    try_get,
 )
 
 _bytes_to_chr = (lambda x: x) if sys.version_info[0] == 2 else (lambda x: map(chr, x))
@@ -178,6 +179,93 @@ def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, sub_file):
             for s in subs)
 
 
+class RTVEAudioIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:audio'
+    IE_DESC = 'RTVE audio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/(alacarta|play)/audios/[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/a-hombros-de-gigantes/palabra-ingeniero-codigos-informaticos-27-04-21/5889192/',
+        'md5': 'ae06d27bff945c4e87a50f89f6ce48ce',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5889192',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Códigos informáticos',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1598856591583.jpg',
+            'duration': 349.440,
+            'series': 'A hombros de gigantes',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/en-radio-3/ignatius-farray/5791165/',
+        'md5': '072855ab89a9450e0ba314c717fa5ebc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5791165',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Ignatius Farray',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1613243011863.jpg',
+            'duration': 3559.559,
+            'series': 'En Radio 3'
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/frankenstein-o-el-moderno-prometeo/capitulo-26-ultimo-muerte-victor-juan-jose-plans-mary-shelley/6082623/',
+        'md5': '0eadab248cc8dd193fa5765712e84d5c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6082623',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Capítulo 26 y último: La muerte de Victor',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1632147445707.jpg',
+            'duration': 3174.086,
+            'series': 'Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo'
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_png_formats(self, audio_id):
+        """
+        This function retrieves media related png thumbnail which obfuscate
+        valuable information about the media. This information is decrypted
+        via base class _decrypt_url function providing media quality and
+        media url
+        """
+        png = self._download_webpage(
+            'http://www.rtve.es/ztnr/movil/thumbnail/%s/audios/%s.png' %
+            (self._manager, audio_id),
+            audio_id, 'Downloading url information', query={'q': 'v2'})
+        q = qualities(['Media', 'Alta', 'HQ', 'HD_READY', 'HD_FULL'])
+        formats = []
+        for quality, audio_url in self._decrypt_url(png):
+            ext = determine_ext(audio_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    audio_url, audio_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
+                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                    audio_url, audio_id, 'dash', fatal=False))
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'format_id': quality,
+                    'quality': q(quality),
+                    'url': audio_url,
+                })
+        self._sort_formats(formats)
+        return formats
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        audio_id = self._match_id(url)
+        info = self._download_json(
+            'https://www.rtve.es/api/audios/%s.json' % audio_id,
+            audio_id)['page']['items'][0]
+
+        return {
+            'id': audio_id,
+            'title': info['title'].strip(),
+            'thumbnail': info.get('thumbnail'),
+            'duration': float_or_none(info.get('duration'), 1000),
+            'series': try_get(info, lambda x: x['programInfo']['title']),
+            'formats': self._extract_png_formats(audio_id),
+        }
+
+
 class RTVEInfantilIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:infantil'
     IE_DESC = 'RTVE infantil'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
index f251e5599..8146b3ef5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def _login(self):
         elif username is not None:
             self.report_warning(
                 'Login using username and password is not currently supported. '
-                'Use "--user oauth --password <oauth_token>" to login using an oauth token')
+                'Use "--username oauth --password <oauth_token>" to login using an oauth token')
 
         r'''
         def genDevId():
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/voicy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/voicy.py
index 11ebe76e1..37c7d5685 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/voicy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/voicy.py
@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     smuggle_url,
+    str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
-    unsmuggle_url,
     unified_strdate,
+    unsmuggle_url,
 )
 
 import itertools
@@ -25,9 +26,9 @@ def _extract_from_playlist_data(self, value):
             'id': voice_id,
             'title': compat_str(value.get('PlaylistName')),
             'uploader': value.get('SpeakerName'),
-            'uploader_id': compat_str(value.get('SpeakerId')),
+            'uploader_id': str_or_none(value.get('SpeakerId')),
             'channel': value.get('ChannelName'),
-            'channel_id': compat_str(value.get('ChannelId')),
+            'channel_id': str_or_none(value.get('ChannelId')),
             'upload_date': upload_date,
         }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
index 1f5009399..d79ee414b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
@@ -667,6 +667,30 @@ def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
                 if text:
                     return text
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_thumbnails(data, *path_list):
+        """
+        Extract thumbnails from thumbnails dict
+        @param path_list: path list to level that contains 'thumbnails' key
+        """
+        thumbnails = []
+        for path in path_list or [()]:
+            for thumbnail in traverse_obj(data, (*variadic(path), 'thumbnails', ...), default=[]):
+                thumbnail_url = url_or_none(thumbnail.get('url'))
+                if not thumbnail_url:
+                    continue
+                # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
+                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
+                # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
+                if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
+                    thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
+                thumbnails.append({
+                    'url': thumbnail_url,
+                    'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
+                    'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
+                })
+        return thumbnails
+
     @staticmethod
     def extract_relative_time(relative_time_text):
         """
@@ -783,6 +807,8 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
         overlay_style = traverse_obj(
             renderer, ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'style'), get_all=False, expected_type=str)
         badges = self._extract_badges(renderer)
+        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail')
+
         return {
             '_type': 'url',
             'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
@@ -794,6 +820,7 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
             'view_count': view_count,
             'uploader': uploader,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'upload_date': strftime_or_none(timestamp, '%Y%m%d'),
             'live_status': ('is_upcoming' if scheduled_timestamp is not None
                             else 'was_live' if 'streamed' in time_text.lower()
@@ -2903,25 +2930,7 @@ def feed_entry(name):
                             if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
                                 f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
                         break
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        thumbnail_dicts = traverse_obj(
-            (video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail', 'thumbnails', ...),
-            expected_type=dict, default=[])
-        for thumbnail in thumbnail_dicts:
-            thumbnail_url = thumbnail.get('url')
-            if not thumbnail_url:
-                continue
-            # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
-            # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
-            if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
-                thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-                'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
-                'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
-            })
+        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails((video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail'))
         thumbnail_url = search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'])
         if thumbnail_url:
             thumbnails.append({
@@ -3584,7 +3593,6 @@ def _extract_uploader(cls, data):
 
     def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
         playlist_id = title = description = channel_url = channel_name = channel_id = None
-        thumbnails_list = []
         tags = []
 
         selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
@@ -3603,26 +3611,13 @@ def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
             description = renderer.get('description', '')
             playlist_id = channel_id
             tags = renderer.get('keywords', '').split()
-            thumbnails_list = (
-                try_get(renderer, lambda x: x['avatar']['thumbnails'], list)
-                or try_get(
-                    self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer'),
-                    lambda x: x['thumbnailRenderer']['playlistVideoThumbnailRenderer']['thumbnail']['thumbnails'],
-                    list)
-                or [])
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for t in thumbnails_list:
-            if not isinstance(t, dict):
-                continue
-            thumbnail_url = url_or_none(t.get('url'))
-            if not thumbnail_url:
-                continue
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-                'width': int_or_none(t.get('width')),
-                'height': int_or_none(t.get('height')),
-            })
+        thumbnails = (
+            self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'avatar')
+            or self._extract_thumbnails(
+                self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer'),
+                ('thumbnailRenderer', 'playlistVideoThumbnailRenderer', 'thumbnail')))
+
         if playlist_id is None:
             playlist_id = item_id
         if title is None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index e3d753adf..5be236c53 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ def _dict_from_options_callback(
     downloader.add_option(
         '-N', '--concurrent-fragments',
         dest='concurrent_fragment_downloads', metavar='N', default=1, type=int,
-        help='Number of fragments of a dash/hlsnative video that should be download concurrently (default is %default)')
+        help='Number of fragments of a dash/hlsnative video that should be downloaded concurrently (default is %default)')
     downloader.add_option(
         '-r', '--limit-rate', '--rate-limit',
         dest='ratelimit', metavar='RATE',
@@ -681,6 +681,10 @@ def _dict_from_options_callback(
         '-R', '--retries',
         dest='retries', metavar='RETRIES', default=10,
         help='Number of retries (default is %default), or "infinite"')
+    downloader.add_option(
+        '--file-access-retries',
+        dest='file_access_retries', metavar='RETRIES', default=10,
+        help='Number of times to retry on file access error (default is %default), or "infinite"')
     downloader.add_option(
         '--fragment-retries',
         dest='fragment_retries', metavar='RETRIES', default=10,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/metadataparser.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/metadataparser.py
index 807cd305d..646659e75 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/metadataparser.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/metadataparser.py
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def f(info):
 class MetadataFromFieldPP(MetadataParserPP):
     @classmethod
     def to_action(cls, f):
-        match = re.match(r'(?P<in>.*?)(?<!\\):(?P<out>.+)$', f)
+        match = re.match(r'(?s)(?P<in>.*?)(?<!\\):(?P<out>.+)$', f)
         if match is None:
             raise ValueError(f'it should be FROM:TO, not {f!r}')
         return (
diff --git a/yt_dlp/update.py b/yt_dlp/update.py
index 116816037..f3448568a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ def update_self(to_screen, verbose, opener):
 
     write_string(
         'DeprecationWarning: "yt_dlp.update.update_self" is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. '
-        'Use "yt_dlp.update.run_update(ydl)" instead')
+        'Use "yt_dlp.update.run_update(ydl)" instead\n')
 
     class FakeYDL():
         _opener = opener
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils.py
index 2919324c6..2c5e6560a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils.py
@@ -210,6 +210,7 @@ def random_user_agent():
     '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y%m%d%H%M',
     '%Y%m%d%H%M%S',
+    '%Y%m%d',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
     '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f',
@@ -1862,7 +1863,6 @@ def _windows_write_string(s, out):
     False if it has yet to be written out."""
     # Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/3259271/35070
 
-    import ctypes
     import ctypes.wintypes
 
     WIN_OUTPUT_IDS = {
@@ -2110,18 +2110,19 @@ def unsmuggle_url(smug_url, default=None):
     return url, data
 
 
+def format_decimal_suffix(num, fmt='%d%s', *, factor=1000):
+    """ Formats numbers with decimal sufixes like K, M, etc """
+    num, factor = float_or_none(num), float(factor)
+    if num is None:
+        return None
+    exponent = 0 if num == 0 else int(math.log(num, factor))
+    suffix = ['', *'KMGTPEZY'][exponent]
+    converted = num / (factor ** exponent)
+    return fmt % (converted, suffix)
+
+
 def format_bytes(bytes):
-    if bytes is None:
-        return 'N/A'
-    if type(bytes) is str:
-        bytes = float(bytes)
-    if bytes == 0.0:
-        exponent = 0
-    else:
-        exponent = int(math.log(bytes, 1024.0))
-    suffix = ['B', 'KiB', 'MiB', 'GiB', 'TiB', 'PiB', 'EiB', 'ZiB', 'YiB'][exponent]
-    converted = float(bytes) / float(1024 ** exponent)
-    return '%.2f%s' % (converted, suffix)
+    return format_decimal_suffix(bytes, '%.2f%siB', factor=1024) or 'N/A'
 
 
 def lookup_unit_table(unit_table, s):
@@ -3192,30 +3193,29 @@ def parse_codecs(codecs_str):
         if codec in ('avc1', 'avc2', 'avc3', 'avc4', 'vp9', 'vp8', 'hev1', 'hev2',
                      'h263', 'h264', 'mp4v', 'hvc1', 'av1', 'theora', 'dvh1', 'dvhe'):
             if not vcodec:
-                vcodec = '.'.join(parts[:4]) if codec in ('vp9', 'av1') else full_codec
+                vcodec = '.'.join(parts[:4]) if codec in ('vp9', 'av1', 'hvc1') else full_codec
                 if codec in ('dvh1', 'dvhe'):
                     hdr = 'DV'
                 elif codec == 'av1' and len(parts) > 3 and parts[3] == '10':
                     hdr = 'HDR10'
                 elif full_codec.replace('0', '').startswith('vp9.2'):
                     hdr = 'HDR10'
-        elif codec in ('mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3', 'ec-3', 'eac3', 'dtsc', 'dtse', 'dtsh', 'dtsl'):
+        elif codec in ('flac', 'mp4a', 'opus', 'vorbis', 'mp3', 'aac', 'ac-3', 'ec-3', 'eac3', 'dtsc', 'dtse', 'dtsh', 'dtsl'):
             if not acodec:
                 acodec = full_codec
         else:
             write_string('WARNING: Unknown codec %s\n' % full_codec, sys.stderr)
-    if not vcodec and not acodec:
-        if len(split_codecs) == 2:
-            return {
-                'vcodec': split_codecs[0],
-                'acodec': split_codecs[1],
-            }
-    else:
+    if vcodec or acodec:
         return {
             'vcodec': vcodec or 'none',
             'acodec': acodec or 'none',
             'dynamic_range': hdr,
         }
+    elif len(split_codecs) == 2:
+        return {
+            'vcodec': split_codecs[0],
+            'acodec': split_codecs[1],
+        }
     return {}
 
 
@@ -5024,7 +5024,7 @@ def traverse_dict(dictn, keys, casesense=True):
     return traverse_obj(dictn, keys, casesense=casesense, is_user_input=True, traverse_string=True)
 
 
-def variadic(x, allowed_types=(str, bytes)):
+def variadic(x, allowed_types=(str, bytes, dict)):
     return x if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable) and not isinstance(x, allowed_types) else (x,)
 
 


Test patch:
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
index 6c2530046..61923513e 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -717,6 +717,7 @@ def test(tmpl, expected, *, info=None, **params):
         test('%(id)s', '.abcd', info={'id': '.abcd'})
         test('%(id)s', 'ab__cd', info={'id': 'ab__cd'})
         test('%(id)s', ('ab:cd', 'ab -cd'), info={'id': 'ab:cd'})
+        test('%(id.0)s', '-', info={'id': '--'})
 
         # Invalid templates
         self.assertTrue(isinstance(YoutubeDL.validate_outtmpl('%(title)'), ValueError))
@@ -777,6 +778,10 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(title5)#U', 'a\u0301e\u0301i\u0301 𝐀')
         test('%(title5)+U', 'áéí A')
         test('%(title5)+#U', 'a\u0301e\u0301i\u0301 A')
+        test('%(height)D', '1K')
+        test('%(height)5.2D', ' 1.08K')
+        test('%(title4)#S', 'foo_bar_test')
+        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo \'bar\' ', 'foo \'bar\'' + ('#' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else ' ')))
         if compat_os_name == 'nt':
             test('%(title4)q', ('"foo \\"bar\\" test"', "'foo _'bar_' test'"))
             test('%(formats.:.id)#q', ('"id 1" "id 2" "id 3"', "'id 1' 'id 2' 'id 3'"))
@@ -808,6 +813,11 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(width-100,height+width|def)s', 'def')
         test('%(timestamp-x>%H\\,%M\\,%S,timestamp>%H\\,%M\\,%S)s', '12,00,00')
 
+        # Replacement
+        test('%(id&foo)s.bar', 'foo.bar')
+        test('%(title&foo)s.bar', 'NA.bar')
+        test('%(title&foo|baz)s.bar', 'baz.bar')
+
         # Laziness
         def gen():
             yield from range(5)
@@ -836,11 +846,6 @@ def gen():
         test('%(title3)s', ('foo/bar\\test', 'foo_bar_test'))
         test('folder/%(title3)s', ('folder/foo/bar\\test', 'folder%sfoo_bar_test' % os.path.sep))
 
-        # Replacement
-        test('%(id&foo)s.bar', 'foo.bar')
-        test('%(title&foo)s.bar', 'NA.bar')
-        test('%(title&foo|baz)s.bar', 'baz.bar')
-
     def test_format_note(self):
         ydl = YoutubeDL()
         self.assertEqual(ydl._format_note({}), '')
diff --git a/test/test_youtube_signature.py b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
index 3359ac457..5f8114a1c 100644
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@@ -82,6 +82,10 @@
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/f1ca6900/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
         'cu3wyu6LQn2hse', 'jvxetvmlI9AN9Q',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8040e515/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'wvOFaY-yjgDuIEg5', 'HkfBFDHmgw4rsw',
+    ),
 ]