Repository: kelektiv/node-cron
Pull request #699 (2023-09-27 12:04:17)

feat!: rework utcOffset parameter
## Description
This PR aims to make the `utcOffset` parameter behavior more explicit.

Before these changes, strings were accepted and resulted in unpredictable behavior due to the comparison of string & number and the `parseInt` method being used. See https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/pull/685#issuecomment-1676394391 for more details.

`utcOffset` between `-60` and `+60` were treated as hours behind the scenes, which wasn't initially documented.

**Changes introduced**: `utcOffset` must now be a string, and will always be treated as minutes.

## Motivation and Context
These changes follow the discussions on #685 about the poor design choices made while this parameter was implemented.

## How Has This Been Tested?
Test suites.

## Types of changes
- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- [X] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

## Checklist:
- [X] My code follows the code style of this project.
- [X] My change requires a change to the documentation.
- [X] I have updated the documentation accordingly.
- [x] I have added tests to cover my changes.
- [X] All new and existing tests passed.
- [X] If my change introduces a breaking change, I have added a `!` after the type/scope in the title (see the Conventional Commits standard).

## Breaking changes
BREAKING CHANGE: `utcOffset` parameter no longer accepts a string
BREAKING CHANGE: `utcOffset` values between -60 and 60 are no longer treated as hours
BREAKING CHANGE: providing both `timeZone` and `utcOffset` parameters now throws an error


Patch:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yaml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d746a2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+name: Bug
+description: Report a bug
+body:
+  - type: textarea
+    id: description
+    attributes:
+      label: Description
+      description: Provide a more detailed introduction to the issue itself, and why you consider it to be a bug
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: expected-behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Expected Behavior
+      description: Tell us what should happen
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: actual-behavior
+    attributes:
+      label: Actual Behavior
+      description: Tell us what happens instead
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: possible-fix
+    attributes:
+      label: Possible Fix
+      description: Not obligatory, but suggest a fix or reason for the bug
+  - type: textarea
+    id: reproducing
+    attributes:
+      label: Steps to Reproduce
+      description: Provide a link to a live example, or an unambiguous set of steps to reproduce this bug. Include code to reproduce, if relevant
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: context
+    attributes:
+      label: Context
+      description: How has this bug affected you? What were you trying to accomplish?
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    id: environment
+    attributes:
+      label: Your Environment
+      description: Include as many relevant details about the environment you experienced the bug in
+      value: '- **`cron` version**:
+
+        - **NodeJS version**:
+
+        - **Operating System and version**:
+
+        - **TypeScript version (if applicable)**:
+
+        - **Link to your project (if applicable)**:'
+    validations:
+      required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_issue.yaml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_issue.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index eac8dd8..0000000
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_issue.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-name: Bug
-description: Report a bug found in the bot's source code
-labels: ["🛠 goal: fix"]
-body:
-  - type: textarea
-    id: description
-    attributes:
-      label: Description
-      description: A brief description of the question or issue, also include what you tried and what didn't work
-    validations:
-      required: true
-  - type: textarea
-    id: screenshots
-    attributes:
-      label: Screenshots
-      description: Please add screenshots if applicable
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  - type: textarea
-    id: extrainfo
-    attributes:
-      label: Additional information
-      description: Is there anything else we should know about this bug?
-    validations:
-      required: false
-  
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yaml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yaml
index 9e0a932..5e256e5 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yaml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yaml
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 name: Feature request
 description: Suggest features, propose improvements, discuss new ideas
-title: "[FEATURE] <description>"
-labels: ["⭐ goal: addition"]
+labels: ['enhancement']
 body:
   - type: textarea
     id: suggestion
@@ -28,4 +27,3 @@ body:
         Think about linking existing Issues here!
     validations:
       required: false
-  
diff --git a/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8747590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
+and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
+
+- Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+- Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+- Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+- Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+  and learning from the experience
+- Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
+  overall community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+- The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
+  advances of any kind
+- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+- Public or private harassment
+- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email
+  address, without their explicit permission
+- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+  professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
+https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch.
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
+of actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
+permanent ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
+the community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.0, available at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct
+enforcement ladder](https://github.com/mozilla/diversity).
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available at
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ad733e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# Contributing to cron <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+First off, thanks for taking the time to contribute! ❤️
+
+All types of contributions are encouraged and valued. See the [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents) for different ways to help and details about how this project handles them. Please make sure to read the relevant section before making your contribution. It will make it a lot easier for us maintainers and smooth out the experience for all involved. The community looks forward to your contributions. 🎉
+
+> And if you like the project, but just don't have time to contribute, that's fine. There are other easy ways to support the project and show your appreciation, which we would also be very happy about:
+
+> - Join the [Discord community](https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch)
+> - Star the project
+> - Tweet about it
+> - Refer this project in your project's readme
+> - Mention the project at local meetups and tell your friends/colleagues
+
+## Table of Contents <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+- [I Have a Question](#i-have-a-question)
+- [I Want To Contribute](#i-want-to-contribute)
+  - [Reporting Bugs](#reporting-bugs)
+  - [Suggesting Enhancements](#suggesting-enhancements)
+  - [Your First Code Contribution](#your-first-code-contribution)
+  - [Improving The Documentation](#improving-the-documentation)
+- [Styleguides](#styleguides)
+  - [Commit Messages](#commit-messages)
+- [Join The Project Team](#join-the-project-team)
+
+## I Have a Question
+
+> If you want to ask a question, we assume that you have read the available [Documentation](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron#readme).
+
+Before you ask a question, it is best to search for existing [Issues](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Akelektiv%2Fnode-cron+&type=issues) that might help you. In case you have found a suitable issue and still need clarification, you can write your question in this issue. It is also advisable to search the internet for answers first.
+
+If you then still feel the need to ask a question and need clarification, we recommend you join the [Discord community](https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch)! We will take care to answer you as soon as possible.
+
+## I Want To Contribute
+
+> ### Legal Notice <!-- omit in toc -->
+>
+> When contributing to this project, you must agree that you have authored 100% of the content, that you have the necessary rights to the content and that the content you contribute may be provided under the project license.
+
+### Reporting Bugs
+
+#### Before Submitting a Bug Report <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+A good bug report shouldn't leave others needing to chase you up for more information. Therefore, we ask you to investigate carefully, collect information and describe the issue in detail in your report. Please complete the following steps in advance to help us fix any potential bug as fast as possible.
+
+- Make sure that you are using the latest version.
+- Determine if your bug is really a bug and not an error on your side e.g. using incompatible environment components/versions (Make sure that you have read the [documentation](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron#readme). If you are looking for support, you might want to check [this section](#i-have-a-question)).
+- To see if other users have experienced (and potentially already solved) the same issue you are having, check if there is not already a bug report existing for your bug or error in the [bug tracker](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Akelektiv%2Fnode-cron++label%3Abug&type=issues).
+- Also make sure to search the internet (including Stack Overflow) to see if users outside of the GitHub community have discussed the issue.
+- Collect information about the bug:
+  - Stack trace (Traceback)
+  - OS and Version
+  - Version of the interpreter, compiler, SDK, runtime environment, package manager, depending on what seems relevant.
+  - Possibly your input and the output
+  - Can you reliably reproduce the issue? Can you also reproduce it with older versions?
+
+#### How Do I Submit a Good Bug Report? <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+We use GitHub issues to track bugs and errors. If you run into an issue with the project:
+
+- Open a [Bug report issue](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/issues/new/choose). (Since we can't be sure at this point whether it is a bug or not, we ask you not to talk about a bug yet and not to label the issue.)
+- Explain the behavior you would expect and the actual behavior.
+- Please provide as much context as possible and describe the _reproduction steps_ that someone else can follow to recreate the issue on their own. This usually includes your code. For good bug reports you should isolate the problem and create a reduced test case.
+- Provide the information you collected in the previous section.
+
+Once it's filed:
+
+- The project team will label the issue accordingly.
+- A team member will try to reproduce the issue with your provided steps. If there are no reproduction steps or no obvious way to reproduce the issue, the team will ask you for those steps and mark the issue as `needs-repro`. Bugs with the `needs-repro` tag will not be addressed until they are reproduced.
+- If the team is able to reproduce the issue, it will be marked `needs-fix`, as well as possibly other tags (such as `critical`), and the issue will be left to be [implemented by someone](#your-first-code-contribution).
+
+### Suggesting Enhancements
+
+This section guides you through submitting an enhancement suggestion for cron, **including completely new features and minor improvements to existing functionality**. Following these guidelines will help maintainers and the community to understand your suggestion and find related suggestions.
+
+#### Before Submitting an Enhancement <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+- Make sure that you are using the latest version.
+- Read the [documentation](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron#readme) carefully and find out if the functionality is already covered, maybe by an individual configuration.
+- Perform a [search](https://github.com/search?q=repo%3Akelektiv%2Fnode-cron++label%3Aenhancement&type=issues) to see if the enhancement has already been suggested. If it has, add a comment to the existing issue instead of opening a new one.
+- Find out whether your idea fits with the scope and aims of the project. It's up to you to make a strong case to convince the project's developers of the merits of this feature. Keep in mind that we want features that will be useful to the majority of our users and not just a small subset. If you're just targeting a minority of users, consider writing an add-on/plugin library.
+
+#### How Do I Submit a Good Enhancement Suggestion? <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+Enhancement suggestions are tracked as [GitHub issues](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/issues).
+
+- Open a [Feature request issue](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/issues/new/choose).
+- Use a **clear and descriptive title** for the issue to identify the suggestion.
+- Provide a **step-by-step description of the suggested enhancement** in as many details as possible.
+- **Describe the current behavior** and **explain which behavior you expected to see instead** and why. At this point you can also tell which alternatives do not work for you.
+- **Explain why this enhancement would be useful** to most cron users. You may also want to point out the other projects that solved it better and which could serve as inspiration.
+
+## Working with the code
+
+### Set up the workspace
+
+[Fork](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/contributing-to-projects#forking-a-repository) the project, [clone](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/contributing-to-projects#cloning-a-fork) your fork, configure the remotes and install the dependencies:
+
+```bash
+# Clone your fork of the repo into the current directory
+$ git clone git@github.com:<your-username>/node-cron.git # or https://github.com/<your-username>/node-cron.git for HTTPS
+# Navigate to the newly cloned directory
+$ cd node-cron
+# Assign the original repo to a remote called "upstream"
+$ git remote add upstream git@github.com:kelektiv/node-cron.git # or https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron.git for HTTPS
+# Install the dependencies
+$ npm install
+```
+
+### Lint
+
+This repository uses [ESLint](https://eslint.org) and [Prettier](https://prettier.io) for linting and formatting.
+
+Before pushing your code changes make sure there are no linting errors with `npm run lint`.
+
+**Tips**:
+
+- Most linting errors can be automatically fixed with `npm run lint:fix`.
+- Install the [ESLint plugin](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/use/integrations) for your editor to see linting errors directly in your editor and automatically fix them on save.
+
+### Tests
+
+This repository uses [Jest](https://jestjs.io) for writing and running tests.
+
+Before pushing your code changes make sure all **tests pass** and the **coverage thresholds are met**:
+
+```bash
+$ npm run test
+```
+
+**Tips:** During development you can:
+
+- run a single test file with `npm run test -- <file path>`, for example `npm run test -- tests/crontime.test.ts`
+- run a subset of test files with `npm run test -- <glob>`, for example `npm run test -- tests/*.test.ts`
+- run a single test case with `npm run test -- -t '<test case name regex>'`, for example `npm run test -- -t 'should parse .*'`
+- run in watch mode with `npm run test:watch` to automatically run a test case when you modify it or the associated source code (above tips also work with this command)
+
+## Join The Project Team
+
+This project is looking for help! If you're interested in helping with the project on a regular basis, please reach out to us on the [Discord community](https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch).
+
+## Attribution <!-- omit in toc -->
+
+This guide is based on the [**contributing-gen**](https://github.com/bttger/contributing-gen) and [**semantic-release**'s `CONTRIBUTING.md`](https://github.com/semantic-release/semantic-release/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 446b8eb..b2f482c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -120,10 +120,10 @@ Parameter Based
     - `onTick` - [REQUIRED] - The function to fire at the specified time. If an `onComplete` callback was provided, `onTick` will receive it as an argument. `onTick` may call `onComplete` when it has finished its work.
     - `onComplete` - [OPTIONAL] - A function that will fire when the job is stopped with `job.stop()`, and may also be called by `onTick` at the end of each run.
     - `start` - [OPTIONAL] - Specifies whether to start the job just before exiting the constructor. By default this is set to false. If left at default you will need to call `job.start()` in order to start the job (assuming `job` is the variable you set the cronjob to). This does not immediately fire your `onTick` function, it just gives you more control over the behavior of your jobs.
-    - `timeZone` - [OPTIONAL] - Specify the time zone for the execution. This will modify the actual time relative to your time zone. If the time zone is invalid, an error is thrown. By default (if this is omitted) the local time zone will be used. You can check the various time zones format accepted in the [Luxon documentation](https://github.com/moment/luxon/blob/master/docs/zones.md#specifying-a-zone). Note: This parameter supports minutes offsets, e.g. `UTC+5:30`. **Warning**: Probably don't use both `timeZone` and `utcOffset` together or weird things may happen.
+    - `timeZone` - [OPTIONAL] - Specify the time zone for the execution. This will modify the actual time relative to your time zone. If the time zone is invalid, an error is thrown. By default (if this is omitted) the local time zone will be used. You can check the various time zones format accepted in the [Luxon documentation](https://github.com/moment/luxon/blob/master/docs/zones.md#specifying-a-zone). Note: This parameter supports minutes offsets, e.g. `UTC+5:30`. **Note**: Cannot be used together with `utcOffset`.
     - `context` - [OPTIONAL] - The context within which to execute the onTick method. This defaults to the cronjob itself allowing you to call `this.stop()`. However, if you change this you'll have access to the functions and values within your context object.
     - `runOnInit` - [OPTIONAL] - This will immediately fire your `onTick` function as soon as the requisite initialization has happened. This option is set to `false` by default for backwards compatibility.
-    - `utcOffset` - [OPTIONAL] - This allows you to specify the offset of your time zone rather than using the `timeZone` param. This should be an integer representing the number of minutes offset (like `120` for +2 hours or `-90` for -1.5 hours). **Warning**: Minutes offsets < 60 and >-60 will be treated as an offset in hours. This means a minute offset of `30` means an offset of +30 hours. Use the `timeZone` param in this case. This behavior [is planned to be removed in V3](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/pull/685#issuecomment-1676417917). **Warning**: Probably don't use both `timeZone` and `utcOffset` together or weird things may happen.
+    - `utcOffset` - [OPTIONAL] - This allows you to specify the offset of your time zone rather than using the `timeZone` param. This should be an integer representing the number of minutes offset (like `120` for +2 hours or `-90` for -1.5 hours). **Note**: Cannot be used together with `timeZone`.
     - `unrefTimeout` - [OPTIONAL] - If you have code that keeps the event loop running and want to stop the node process when that finishes regardless of the state of your cronjob, you can do so making use of this parameter. This is off by default and cron will run as if it needs to control the event loop. For more information take a look at [timers#timers_timeout_unref](https://nodejs.org/api/timers.html#timers_timeout_unref) from the NodeJS docs.
   - `from` (static) - Create a new CronJob object providing arguments as an object. See argument names and descriptions above.
   - `start` - Runs your job.
@@ -146,17 +146,13 @@ Join the [Discord server](https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch)! Here you can discuss i
 
 ## Contributing
 
-### Looking for maintainers/contributors
-
-This project is looking for help! If you're interested in helping with the project please reach out to me (ncb000gt) on [Twitter](https://twitter.com/ncb000gt). We'd love for it to continue on, but it needs a lot of attention. You can also join the [Discord server](https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch) to learn more about what needs to be done.
+This project is looking for help! If you're interested in helping with the project, please take a look at our [contributing documentation](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 ### Submitting Bugs/Issues
 
-Before submitting a bug, please search the existing issues, [Discord](https://discord.gg/yyKns29zch) conversations, and the web to see if someone else has run into the same issue before.
-
-Because we can't magically know what you are doing to expose an issue, it is best if you provide a snippet of code. This snippet need not include your secret sauce, but it must replicate the issue you are describing. The issues that get closed without resolution tend to be the ones without code examples. Thanks.
+Please have a look at our [contributing documentation](https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md), it contains all the information you need to know before submitting an issue.
 
-### Acknowledgements
+## Acknowledgements
 
 This is a community effort project. In the truest sense, this project started as an open source project from [cron.js](http://github.com/padolsey/cron.js) and grew into something else. Other people have contributed code, time, and oversight to the project. At this point there are too many to name here so we'll just say thanks.
 
diff --git a/src/errors.ts b/src/errors.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f07d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/errors.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export class ExclusiveParametersError extends Error {
+	constructor(param1: string, param2: string) {
+		super(`You can't specify both ${param1} and ${param2}`);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/job.ts b/src/job.ts
index 1d04c8e..9659b46 100644
--- a/src/job.ts
+++ b/src/job.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { spawn } from 'child_process';
+import { ExclusiveParametersError } from './errors';
 import { CronTime } from './time';
 import { CronCommand, CronJobParams } from './types/cron.types';
 
@@ -16,6 +17,28 @@ export class CronJob {
 	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
 	private _callbacks: ((...args: any) => void)[] = [];
 
+	constructor(
+		cronTime: CronJobParams['cronTime'],
+		onTick: CronJobParams['onTick'],
+		onComplete?: CronJobParams['onComplete'],
+		start?: CronJobParams['start'],
+		timeZone?: CronJobParams['timeZone'],
+		context?: CronJobParams['context'],
+		runOnInit?: CronJobParams['runOnInit'],
+		utcOffset?: null,
+		unrefTimeout?: CronJobParams['unrefTimeout']
+	);
+	constructor(
+		cronTime: CronJobParams['cronTime'],
+		onTick: CronJobParams['onTick'],
+		onComplete?: CronJobParams['onComplete'],
+		start?: CronJobParams['start'],
+		timeZone?: null,
+		context?: CronJobParams['context'],
+		runOnInit?: CronJobParams['runOnInit'],
+		utcOffset?: CronJobParams['utcOffset'],
+		unrefTimeout?: CronJobParams['unrefTimeout']
+	);
 	constructor(
 		cronTime: CronJobParams['cronTime'],
 		onTick: CronJobParams['onTick'],
@@ -28,7 +51,19 @@ export class CronJob {
 		unrefTimeout?: CronJobParams['unrefTimeout']
 	) {
 		this.context = context || this;
-		this.cronTime = new CronTime(cronTime, timeZone, utcOffset);
+
+		// runtime check for JS users
+		if (timeZone != null && utcOffset != null) {
+			throw new ExclusiveParametersError('timeZone', 'utcOffset');
+		}
+
+		if (timeZone != null) {
+			this.cronTime = new CronTime(cronTime, timeZone, null);
+		} else if (utcOffset != null) {
+			this.cronTime = new CronTime(cronTime, null, utcOffset);
+		} else {
+			this.cronTime = new CronTime(cronTime, timeZone, utcOffset);
+		}
 
 		if (unrefTimeout != null) {
 			this.unrefTimeout = unrefTimeout;
@@ -53,17 +88,49 @@ export class CronJob {
 	}
 
 	static from(params: CronJobParams) {
-		return new CronJob(
-			params.cronTime,
-			params.onTick,
-			params.onComplete,
-			params.start,
-			params.timeZone,
-			params.context,
-			params.runOnInit,
-			params.utcOffset,
-			params.unrefTimeout
-		);
+		// runtime check for JS users
+		// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unnecessary-condition
+		if (params.timeZone != null && params.utcOffset != null) {
+			throw new ExclusiveParametersError('timeZone', 'utcOffset');
+		}
+
+		if (params.timeZone != null) {
+			return new CronJob(
+				params.cronTime,
+				params.onTick,
+				params.onComplete,
+				params.start,
+				params.timeZone,
+				params.context,
+				params.runOnInit,
+				params.utcOffset,
+				params.unrefTimeout
+			);
+		} else if (params.utcOffset != null) {
+			return new CronJob(
+				params.cronTime,
+				params.onTick,
+				params.onComplete,
+				params.start,
+				null,
+				params.context,
+				params.runOnInit,
+				params.utcOffset,
+				params.unrefTimeout
+			);
+		} else {
+			return new CronJob(
+				params.cronTime,
+				params.onTick,
+				params.onComplete,
+				params.start,
+				params.timeZone,
+				params.context,
+				params.runOnInit,
+				params.utcOffset,
+				params.unrefTimeout
+			);
+		}
 	}
 
 	private _fnWrap(cmd: CronCommand | string) {
diff --git a/src/time.ts b/src/time.ts
index be652ea..1a32b9f 100644
--- a/src/time.ts
+++ b/src/time.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ import {
 	TIME_UNITS_LEN,
 	TIME_UNITS_MAP
 } from './constants';
+import { ExclusiveParametersError } from './errors';
 import {
+	CronJobParams,
 	DayOfMonthRange,
 	MonthRange,
 	Ranges,
@@ -23,8 +25,8 @@ import { getRecordKeys } from './utils';
 
 export class CronTime {
 	source: string | DateTime;
-	zone?: string;
-	utcOffset?: number | string;
+	timeZone?: string;
+	utcOffset?: number;
 	realDate = false;
 
 	private second: TimeUnitField<'second'> = {};
@@ -35,17 +37,32 @@ export class CronTime {
 	private dayOfWeek: TimeUnitField<'dayOfWeek'> = {};
 
 	constructor(
-		source: string | Date | DateTime,
-		zone?: string | null,
-		utcOffset?: string | number | null
+		source: CronJobParams['cronTime'],
+		timeZone?: CronJobParams['timeZone'],
+		utcOffset?: null
+	);
+	constructor(
+		source: CronJobParams['cronTime'],
+		timeZone?: null,
+		utcOffset?: CronJobParams['utcOffset']
+	);
+	constructor(
+		source: CronJobParams['cronTime'],
+		timeZone?: CronJobParams['timeZone'],
+		utcOffset?: CronJobParams['utcOffset']
 	) {
-		if (zone) {
-			const dt = DateTime.fromObject({}, { zone });
+		// runtime check for JS users
+		if (timeZone != null && utcOffset != null) {
+			throw new ExclusiveParametersError('timeZone', 'utcOffset');
+		}
+
+		if (timeZone) {
+			const dt = DateTime.fromObject({}, { zone: timeZone });
 			if (!dt.isValid) {
 				throw new Error('Invalid timezone.');
 			}
 
-			this.zone = zone;
+			this.timeZone = timeZone;
 		}
 
 		if (utcOffset != null) {
@@ -122,35 +139,20 @@ export class CronTime {
 			this.realDate && this.source instanceof DateTime
 				? this.source
 				: DateTime.local();
-		if (this.zone) {
-			date = date.setZone(this.zone);
+		if (this.timeZone) {
+			date = date.setZone(this.timeZone);
 		}
 
-		if (this.utcOffset != null) {
-			const offsetHours = parseInt(
-				// @ts-expect-error old undocumented behavior going to be removed in V3
-				this.utcOffset >= 60 || this.utcOffset <= -60
-					? // @ts-expect-error old undocumented behavior going to be removed in V3
-					  this.utcOffset / 60
-					: this.utcOffset
-			);
+		if (this.utcOffset !== undefined) {
+			const sign = this.utcOffset < 0 ? '-' : '+';
 
-			const offsetMins =
-				// @ts-expect-error old undocumented behavior going to be removed in V3
-				this.utcOffset >= 60 || this.utcOffset <= -60
-					? // @ts-expect-error old undocumented behavior going to be removed in V3
-					  Math.abs(this.utcOffset - offsetHours * 60)
-					: 0;
-			const offsetMinsStr = offsetMins >= 10 ? offsetMins : `0${offsetMins}`;
+			const offsetHours = Math.trunc(this.utcOffset / 60);
+			const offsetHoursStr = String(Math.abs(offsetHours)).padStart(2, '0');
 
-			let utcZone = 'UTC';
+			const offsetMins = Math.abs(this.utcOffset - offsetHours * 60);
+			const offsetMinsStr = String(offsetMins).padStart(2, '0');
 
-			// @ts-expect-error old undocumented behavior going to be removed in V3
-			if (parseInt(this.utcOffset) < 0) {
-				utcZone += `${offsetHours === 0 ? '-0' : offsetHours}:${offsetMinsStr}`;
-			} else {
-				utcZone += `+${offsetHours}:${offsetMinsStr}`;
-			}
+			const utcZone = `UTC${sign}${offsetHoursStr}:${offsetMinsStr}`;
 
 			date = date.setZone(utcZone);
 
@@ -222,14 +224,14 @@ export class CronTime {
 	 *   - Check that the chosen time does not equal the current execution.
 	 * - Return the selected date object.
 	 */
-	getNextDateFrom(start: Date | DateTime, zone?: string | Zone) {
+	getNextDateFrom(start: Date | DateTime, timeZone?: string | Zone) {
 		if (start instanceof Date) {
 			start = DateTime.fromJSDate(start);
 		}
 		let date = start;
 		const firstDate = start.toMillis();
-		if (zone) {
-			date = date.setZone(zone);
+		if (timeZone) {
+			date = date.setZone(timeZone);
 		}
 		if (!this.realDate) {
 			if (date.millisecond > 0) {
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@ export class CronTime {
 					`Something went wrong. No execution date was found in the next 8 years.
 							Please provide the following string if you would like to help debug:
 							Time Zone: ${
-								zone?.toString() ?? '""'
+								timeZone?.toString() ?? '""'
 							} - Cron String: ${this.source.toString()} - UTC offset: ${
 						date.offset
 					} - current Date: ${DateTime.local().toString()}`
diff --git a/src/types/cron.types.ts b/src/types/cron.types.ts
index 99b465f..1d799ca 100644
--- a/src/types/cron.types.ts
+++ b/src/types/cron.types.ts
@@ -4,18 +4,29 @@ import { CONSTRAINTS, TIME_UNITS_MAP } from '../constants';
 import { CronJob } from '../job';
 import { IntRange } from './utils';
 
-export interface CronJobParams {
+interface BaseCronJobParams {
 	cronTime: string | Date | DateTime;
 	onTick: CronCommand;
 	onComplete?: CronCommand | null;
 	start?: boolean | null;
-	timeZone?: string | null;
 	context?: unknown | null;
 	runOnInit?: boolean | null;
-	utcOffset?: string | number | null;
 	unrefTimeout?: boolean | null;
 }
 
+export type CronJobParams =
+	| BaseCronJobParams &
+			(
+				| {
+						timeZone?: string | null;
+						utcOffset?: never;
+				  }
+				| {
+						timeZone?: never;
+						utcOffset?: number | null;
+				  }
+			);
+
 export type CronCommand =
 	/**
 	 * TODO: find out how to type the context correctly, based on


Test patch:
diff --git a/tests/cron.test.ts b/tests/cron.test.ts
index f996592..9e75f93 100644
--- a/tests/cron.test.ts
+++ b/tests/cron.test.ts
@@ -870,17 +870,8 @@ describe('cron', () => {
 			// Current time
 			const t = DateTime.local();
 
-			/**
-			 * in order to avoid the minute offset being treated as hours (when `-60 < utcOffset < 60`) regardless of the local timezone,
-			 * and the maximum possible offset being +14:00, we simply add 80 minutes to that offset.
-			 * this implicit & undocumented behavior is planned to be removed in V3 anyway:
-			 * https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/pull/685#issuecomment-1676417917
-			 */
-			const minutesOffset = 14 * 60 + 80; // 920
-
-			// UTC Offset decreased by minutesOffset
-			const utcOffset = t.offset - minutesOffset;
-
+			// UTC Offset decreased by 45 minutes
+			const utcOffset = t.offset - 45;
 			const job = new CronJob(
 				`${t.second} ${t.minute} ${t.hour} * * *`,
 				callback,
@@ -892,8 +883,8 @@ describe('cron', () => {
 				utcOffset
 			);
 
-			// tick 1 sec before minutesOffset
-			clock.tick(1000 * minutesOffset * 60 - 1);
+			// tick 1 sec before 45 minutes
+			clock.tick(1000 * 45 * 60 - 1);
 			expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
 
 			clock.tick(1);
@@ -902,47 +893,6 @@ describe('cron', () => {
 			expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
 		});
 
-		/**
-		 * this still works implicitly (without minute support) because the string conversion
-		 * to integer removes everything after the colon, i.e. '(+/-)HH:mm' becomes (+/-)HH,
-		 * but this is an undocumented behavior that will be removed in V3:
-		 * https://github.com/kelektiv/node-cron/pull/685#issuecomment-1676394391
-		 */
-		it('should run a job using cron syntax with string format utcOffset', () => {
-			const clock = sinon.useFakeTimers();
-			const callback = jest.fn();
-			// Current time
-			const t = DateTime.local();
-			// UTC Offset decreased by an hour (string format '(+/-)HH:mm')
-			// We support only HH support in offset as we support string offset in Timezone.
-			const minutesOffset = t.offset - Math.floor((t.offset - 60) / 60) * 60;
-			const utcOffset = t.offset - minutesOffset;
-			const utcOffsetString = `${utcOffset > 0 ? '+' : '-'}${`0${Math.floor(
-				Math.abs(utcOffset) / 60
-			)}`.slice(-2)}:${`0${utcOffset % 60}`.slice(-2)}`;
-
-			const job = new CronJob(
-				`${t.second} ${t.minute} ${t.hour} * * *`,
-				callback,
-				null,
-				true,
-				null,
-				null,
-				null,
-				utcOffsetString
-			);
-
-			// tick 1 sec before minutesOffset
-			clock.tick(1000 * 60 * minutesOffset - 1);
-			expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
-
-			// tick 1 sec
-			clock.tick(1);
-			clock.restore();
-			job.stop();
-			expect(callback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-		});
-
 		it('should run a job using cron syntax with number format utcOffset that is 0', () => {
 			const clock = sinon.useFakeTimers();
 			const callback = jest.fn();
@@ -1111,4 +1061,32 @@ describe('cron', () => {
 		job.stop();
 		clock.restore();
 	});
+
+	it('should throw when providing both exclusive parameters timeZone and utcOffset', () => {
+		expect(() => {
+			// @ts-expect-error testing runtime exception
+			new CronJob(
+				`* * * * *`,
+				function () {},
+				null,
+				true,
+				'America/Chicago',
+				null,
+				null,
+				120
+			);
+		}).toThrow();
+	});
+
+	it('should throw when providing both exclusive parameters timeZone and utcOffset using the object constructor', () => {
+		expect(() => {
+			// @ts-expect-error testing runtime exception
+			CronJob.from({
+				cronTime: '* * * * * *',
+				onTick: function () {},
+				timeZone: 'America/Chicago',
+				utcOffset: 120
+			});
+		}).toThrow();
+	});
 });
diff --git a/tests/crontime.test.ts b/tests/crontime.test.ts
index 5dd65fd..daa64ee 100644
--- a/tests/crontime.test.ts
+++ b/tests/crontime.test.ts
@@ -746,18 +746,6 @@ describe('crontime', () => {
 		clock.restore();
 	});
 
-	it('should accept 4 as a valid UTC offset', () => {
-		const clock = sinon.useFakeTimers();
-
-		const cronTime = new CronTime('0 11 * * *', null, 5);
-		const expected = DateTime.local().plus({ hours: 6 }).toSeconds();
-		const actual = cronTime.sendAt().toSeconds();
-
-		expect(actual).toEqual(expected);
-
-		clock.restore();
-	});
-
 	it('should detect real date in the past', () => {
 		const clock = sinon.useFakeTimers();
 
@@ -769,4 +757,11 @@ describe('crontime', () => {
 		}).toThrow();
 		clock.restore();
 	});
+
+	it('should throw when providing both exclusive parameters timeZone and utcOffset', () => {
+		expect(() => {
+			// @ts-expect-error testing runtime exception
+			new CronTime('* * * * *', 'Asia/Amman', 120);
+		}).toThrow();
+	});
 });