Repository: tikv/client-go
Pull request #1508 (2024-11-21 10:15:55)

memdb: refactor code of art to make it more understandable
Some refactor work to make the code of new ART implementation more understandable.

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Patch:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/compatibility.yml b/.github/workflows/compatibility.yml
index b6288d3..8b65695 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/compatibility.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/compatibility.yml
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ jobs:
     - name: Checkout TiDB
       uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
-        repository: pingcap/tidb
+        repository: MyonKeminta/tidb
+        ref: m/update-ts-check
         path: tidb
 
     - name: Check build
diff --git a/internal/client/client.go b/internal/client/client.go
index fc832d3..9bd7fd5 100644
--- a/internal/client/client.go
+++ b/internal/client/client.go
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ type sendReqCounterCacheValue struct {
 	timeCounter prometheus.Counter
 }
 
-func (c *RPCClient) updateTiKVSendReqHistogram(req *tikvrpc.Request, resp *tikvrpc.Response, start time.Time, staleRead bool) {
+func (c *RPCClient) updateSendReqHistogramAndExecStats(req *tikvrpc.Request, resp *tikvrpc.Response, start time.Time, staleRead bool, execDetails *util.ExecDetails) {
 	elapsed := time.Since(start)
 	secs := elapsed.Seconds()
 	storeID := req.Context.GetPeer().GetStoreId()
@@ -641,6 +641,13 @@ func (c *RPCClient) updateTiKVSendReqHistogram(req *tikvrpc.Request, resp *tikvr
 			latHist.(prometheus.Observer).Observe(latency.Seconds())
 		}
 	}
+
+	execNetworkCollector := &networkCollector{}
+	// update execDetails
+	if execDetails != nil {
+		execNetworkCollector.onReq(req, execDetails)
+		execNetworkCollector.onResp(req, resp, execDetails)
+	}
 }
 
 func (c *RPCClient) sendRequest(ctx context.Context, addr string, req *tikvrpc.Request, timeout time.Duration) (resp *tikvrpc.Response, err error) {
@@ -671,11 +678,12 @@ func (c *RPCClient) sendRequest(ctx context.Context, addr string, req *tikvrpc.R
 	staleRead := req.GetStaleRead()
 	defer func() {
 		stmtExec := ctx.Value(util.ExecDetailsKey)
+		var detail *util.ExecDetails
 		if stmtExec != nil {
-			detail := stmtExec.(*util.ExecDetails)
+			detail = stmtExec.(*util.ExecDetails)
 			atomic.AddInt64(&detail.WaitKVRespDuration, int64(time.Since(start)))
 		}
-		c.updateTiKVSendReqHistogram(req, resp, start, staleRead)
+		c.updateSendReqHistogramAndExecStats(req, resp, start, staleRead, detail)
 
 		if spanRPC != nil && util.TraceExecDetailsEnabled(ctx) {
 			if si := buildSpanInfoFromResp(resp); si != nil {
diff --git a/internal/client/metrics_collector.go b/internal/client/metrics_collector.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6484dc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/client/metrics_collector.go
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+// Copyright 2024 TiKV Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/pingcap/kvproto/pkg/coprocessor"
+	"github.com/pingcap/kvproto/pkg/kvrpcpb"
+	"github.com/pingcap/kvproto/pkg/mpp"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/kv"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/metrics"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/util"
+)
+
+type staleReadMetricsCollector struct {
+}
+
+func (s *staleReadMetricsCollector) onReq(size float64, isCrossZoneTraffic bool) {
+	if isCrossZoneTraffic {
+		metrics.StaleReadRemoteOutBytes.Add(float64(size))
+		metrics.StaleReadReqCrossZoneCounter.Add(1)
+
+	} else {
+		metrics.StaleReadLocalOutBytes.Add(float64(size))
+		metrics.StaleReadReqLocalCounter.Add(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *staleReadMetricsCollector) onResp(size float64, isCrossZoneTraffic bool) {
+	if isCrossZoneTraffic {
+		metrics.StaleReadRemoteInBytes.Add(float64(size))
+	} else {
+		metrics.StaleReadLocalInBytes.Add(float64(size))
+	}
+}
+
+type networkCollector struct {
+	staleReadMetricsCollector
+}
+
+func (s *networkCollector) onReq(req *tikvrpc.Request, details *util.ExecDetails) {
+	if req == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	size := 0
+	switch req.Type {
+	case tikvrpc.CmdGet:
+		size = req.Get().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdBatchGet:
+		size = req.BatchGet().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdScan:
+		size = req.Scan().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCop:
+		size = req.Cop().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdPrewrite:
+		size = req.Prewrite().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCommit:
+		size = req.Commit().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdPessimisticLock:
+		size = req.PessimisticLock().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdPessimisticRollback:
+		size = req.PessimisticRollback().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdBatchRollback:
+		size = req.BatchRollback().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCheckSecondaryLocks:
+		size = req.CheckSecondaryLocks().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdScanLock:
+		size = req.ScanLock().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdResolveLock:
+		size = req.ResolveLock().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdFlush:
+		size = req.Flush().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCheckTxnStatus:
+		size = req.CheckTxnStatus().Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdMPPTask:
+		size = req.DispatchMPPTask().Size()
+	default:
+		// ignore others
+		return
+	}
+	size += req.Context.Size()
+	isTiflashTarget := req.StoreTp == tikvrpc.TiFlash
+	var total, crossZone *int64
+	if isTiflashTarget {
+		total = &details.UnpackedBytesSentMPPTotal
+		crossZone = &details.UnpackedBytesSentMPPCrossZone
+	} else {
+		total = &details.UnpackedBytesSentKVTotal
+		crossZone = &details.UnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone
+	}
+
+	atomic.AddInt64(total, int64(size))
+	isCrossZoneTraffic := req.AccessLocation == kv.AccessCrossZone
+	if isCrossZoneTraffic {
+		atomic.AddInt64(crossZone, int64(size))
+	}
+	// stale read metrics
+	if req.StaleRead {
+		s.staleReadMetricsCollector.onReq(float64(size), isCrossZoneTraffic)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *networkCollector) onResp(req *tikvrpc.Request, resp *tikvrpc.Response, details *util.ExecDetails) {
+	if resp == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	size := 0
+	switch req.Type {
+	case tikvrpc.CmdGet:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.GetResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdBatchGet:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.BatchGetResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdScan:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.ScanResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCop:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*coprocessor.Response).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdPrewrite:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.PrewriteResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCommit:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.CommitResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdPessimisticLock:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.PessimisticLockResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdPessimisticRollback:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.PessimisticRollbackResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdBatchRollback:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.BatchRollbackResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCheckSecondaryLocks:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.CheckSecondaryLocksResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdScanLock:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.ScanLockResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdResolveLock:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.ResolveLockResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdFlush:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.FlushResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdCheckTxnStatus:
+		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.CheckTxnStatusResponse).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdMPPTask:
+		// if is MPPDataPacket
+		if resp1, ok := resp.Resp.(*mpp.MPPDataPacket); ok && resp1 != nil {
+			size += resp1.Size()
+		}
+		// if is DispatchTaskResponse
+		if resp1, ok := resp.Resp.(*mpp.DispatchTaskResponse); ok && resp1 != nil {
+			size += resp1.Size()
+		}
+	default:
+		// ignore others
+		return
+	}
+	var total, crossZone *int64
+	isTiflashTarget := req.StoreTp == tikvrpc.TiFlash
+	if isTiflashTarget {
+		total = &details.UnpackedBytesReceivedMPPTotal
+		crossZone = &details.UnpackedBytesReceivedMPPCrossZone
+	} else {
+		total = &details.UnpackedBytesReceivedKVTotal
+		crossZone = &details.UnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone
+	}
+
+	atomic.AddInt64(total, int64(size))
+	isCrossZoneTraffic := req.AccessLocation == kv.AccessCrossZone
+	if isCrossZoneTraffic {
+		atomic.AddInt64(crossZone, int64(size))
+	}
+	// stale read metrics
+	if req.StaleRead {
+		s.staleReadMetricsCollector.onResp(float64(size), isCrossZoneTraffic)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/locate/region_request.go b/internal/locate/region_request.go
index e30ecf0..b3e71de 100644
--- a/internal/locate/region_request.go
+++ b/internal/locate/region_request.go
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
@@ -107,6 +108,7 @@ type RegionRequestSender struct {
 	regionCache       *RegionCache
 	apiVersion        kvrpcpb.APIVersion
 	client            client.Client
+	readTSValidator   oracle.ReadTSValidator
 	storeAddr         string
 	rpcError          error
 	replicaSelector   *replicaSelector
@@ -377,11 +379,12 @@ func (s *ReplicaAccessStats) String() string {
 }
 
 // NewRegionRequestSender creates a new sender.
-func NewRegionRequestSender(regionCache *RegionCache, client client.Client) *RegionRequestSender {
+func NewRegionRequestSender(regionCache *RegionCache, client client.Client, readTSValidator oracle.ReadTSValidator) *RegionRequestSender {
 	return &RegionRequestSender{
-		regionCache: regionCache,
-		apiVersion:  regionCache.codec.GetAPIVersion(),
-		client:      client,
+		regionCache:     regionCache,
+		apiVersion:      regionCache.codec.GetAPIVersion(),
+		client:          client,
+		readTSValidator: readTSValidator,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -766,6 +769,11 @@ func (s *RegionRequestSender) SendReqCtx(
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err = s.validateReadTS(bo.GetCtx(), req); err != nil {
+		logutil.Logger(bo.GetCtx()).Error("validate read ts failed for request", zap.Stringer("reqType", req.Type), zap.Stringer("req", req.Req.(fmt.Stringer)), zap.Stringer("context", &req.Context), zap.Stack("stack"), zap.Error(err))
+		return nil, nil, 0, err
+	}
+
 	// If the MaxExecutionDurationMs is not set yet, we set it to be the RPC timeout duration
 	// so TiKV can give up the requests whose response TiDB cannot receive due to timeout.
 	if req.Context.MaxExecutionDurationMs == 0 {
@@ -782,9 +790,7 @@ func (s *RegionRequestSender) SendReqCtx(
 		}
 	}()
 
-	var staleReadCollector *staleReadMetricsCollector
 	if req.StaleRead {
-		staleReadCollector = &staleReadMetricsCollector{}
 		defer func() {
 			if retryTimes == 0 {
 				metrics.StaleReadHitCounter.Add(1)
@@ -836,13 +842,23 @@ func (s *RegionRequestSender) SendReqCtx(
 			resp, err = tikvrpc.GenRegionErrorResp(req, &errorpb.Error{EpochNotMatch: &errorpb.EpochNotMatch{}})
 			return resp, nil, retryTimes, err
 		}
-
-		var isLocalTraffic bool
-		if staleReadCollector != nil && s.replicaSelector != nil && s.replicaSelector.target != nil {
-			isLocalTraffic = s.replicaSelector.target.store.IsLabelsMatch(s.replicaSelector.option.labels)
-			staleReadCollector.onReq(req, isLocalTraffic)
+		// patch the access location if it is not set under region request sender. which includes the coprocessor,
+		// txn relative tikv request.
+		// note: MPP not use this path. need specified in the MPP layer.
+		patchAccessLocation := func() {
+			if s.replicaSelector.target.store.IsLabelsMatch(s.replicaSelector.option.labels) {
+				req.AccessLocation = kv.AccessLocalZone
+			} else {
+				req.AccessLocation = kv.AccessCrossZone
+			}
+		}
+		if s.replicaSelector != nil &&
+			s.replicaSelector.target != nil &&
+			req.AccessLocation == kv.AccessUnknown &&
+			len(s.replicaSelector.option.labels) != 0 {
+			// patch the access location if it is not set under region request sender.
+			patchAccessLocation()
 		}
-
 		logutil.Eventf(bo.GetCtx(), "send %s request to region %d at %s", req.Type, regionID.id, rpcCtx.Addr)
 		s.storeAddr = rpcCtx.Addr
 
@@ -924,9 +940,7 @@ func (s *RegionRequestSender) SendReqCtx(
 				s.replicaSelector.onSendSuccess(req)
 			}
 		}
-		if staleReadCollector != nil {
-			staleReadCollector.onResp(req.Type, resp, isLocalTraffic)
-		}
+
 		return resp, rpcCtx, retryTimes, nil
 	}
 }
@@ -1756,54 +1770,42 @@ func (s *RegionRequestSender) onRegionError(
 	return false, nil
 }
 
-type staleReadMetricsCollector struct {
-}
+func (s *RegionRequestSender) validateReadTS(ctx context.Context, req *tikvrpc.Request) error {
+	if req.StoreTp == tikvrpc.TiDB {
+		// Skip the checking if the store type is TiDB.
+		return nil
+	}
 
-func (s *staleReadMetricsCollector) onReq(req *tikvrpc.Request, isLocalTraffic bool) {
-	size := 0
+	var readTS uint64
 	switch req.Type {
-	case tikvrpc.CmdGet:
-		size = req.Get().Size()
-	case tikvrpc.CmdBatchGet:
-		size = req.BatchGet().Size()
-	case tikvrpc.CmdScan:
-		size = req.Scan().Size()
-	case tikvrpc.CmdCop:
-		size = req.Cop().Size()
-	default:
-		// ignore non-read requests
-		return
-	}
-	size += req.Context.Size()
-	if isLocalTraffic {
-		metrics.StaleReadLocalOutBytes.Add(float64(size))
-		metrics.StaleReadReqLocalCounter.Add(1)
-	} else {
-		metrics.StaleReadRemoteOutBytes.Add(float64(size))
-		metrics.StaleReadReqCrossZoneCounter.Add(1)
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *staleReadMetricsCollector) onResp(tp tikvrpc.CmdType, resp *tikvrpc.Response, isLocalTraffic bool) {
-	size := 0
-	switch tp {
-	case tikvrpc.CmdGet:
-		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.GetResponse).Size()
-	case tikvrpc.CmdBatchGet:
-		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.BatchGetResponse).Size()
-	case tikvrpc.CmdScan:
-		size += resp.Resp.(*kvrpcpb.ScanResponse).Size()
-	case tikvrpc.CmdCop:
-		size += resp.Resp.(*coprocessor.Response).Size()
+	case tikvrpc.CmdGet, tikvrpc.CmdScan, tikvrpc.CmdBatchGet, tikvrpc.CmdCop, tikvrpc.CmdCopStream, tikvrpc.CmdBatchCop, tikvrpc.CmdScanLock, tikvrpc.CmdBufferBatchGet:
+		readTS = req.GetStartTS()
+
+	// TODO: Check transactional write requests that has implicit read.
+	// case tikvrpc.CmdPessimisticLock:
+	//	readTS = req.PessimisticLock().GetForUpdateTs()
+	// case tikvrpc.CmdPrewrite:
+	//	inner := req.Prewrite()
+	//	readTS = inner.GetForUpdateTs()
+	//	if readTS == 0 {
+	//		readTS = inner.GetStartVersion()
+	//	}
+	// case tikvrpc.CmdCheckTxnStatus:
+	//	inner := req.CheckTxnStatus()
+	//	// TiKV uses the greater one of these three fields to update the max_ts.
+	//	readTS = inner.GetLockTs()
+	//	if inner.GetCurrentTs() != math.MaxUint64 && inner.GetCurrentTs() > readTS {
+	//		readTS = inner.GetCurrentTs()
+	//	}
+	//	if inner.GetCallerStartTs() != math.MaxUint64 && inner.GetCallerStartTs() > readTS {
+	//		readTS = inner.GetCallerStartTs()
+	//	}
+	// case tikvrpc.CmdCheckSecondaryLocks, tikvrpc.CmdCleanup, tikvrpc.CmdBatchRollback:
+	//	readTS = req.GetStartTS()
 	default:
-		// ignore non-read requests
-		return
-	}
-	if isLocalTraffic {
-		metrics.StaleReadLocalInBytes.Add(float64(size))
-	} else {
-		metrics.StaleReadRemoteInBytes.Add(float64(size))
+		return nil
 	}
+	return s.readTSValidator.ValidateReadTS(ctx, readTS, req.StaleRead, &oracle.Option{TxnScope: req.TxnScope})
 }
 
 func patchRequestSource(req *tikvrpc.Request, replicaType string) {
diff --git a/internal/locate/replica_selector.go b/internal/locate/replica_selector.go
index c906454..901592c 100644
--- a/internal/locate/replica_selector.go
+++ b/internal/locate/replica_selector.go
@@ -182,17 +182,21 @@ func (s *replicaSelector) nextForReplicaReadMixed(req *tikvrpc.Request) {
 	}
 	s.target = strategy.next(s)
 	if s.target != nil {
-		if s.isStaleRead && s.attempts == 1 {
-			// stale-read request first access.
-			if !s.target.store.IsLabelsMatch(s.option.labels) && s.target.peer.Id != s.region.GetLeaderPeerID() {
-				// If the target replica's labels is not match and not leader, use replica read.
-				// This is for compatible with old version.
-				req.StaleRead = false
-				req.ReplicaRead = true
-			} else {
-				// use stale read.
+		if s.isStaleRead {
+			isStaleRead := true
+			if s.attempts != 1 || (!s.target.store.IsLabelsMatch(s.option.labels) && s.target.peer.Id != s.region.GetLeaderPeerID()) {
+				// retry or target replica's labels does not match and not leader
+				if strategy.canSendReplicaRead(s) {
+					// use replica read.
+					isStaleRead = false
+				}
+			}
+			if isStaleRead {
 				req.StaleRead = true
 				req.ReplicaRead = false
+			} else {
+				req.StaleRead = false
+				req.ReplicaRead = true
 			}
 		} else {
 			// always use replica.
@@ -300,6 +304,16 @@ func (s *ReplicaSelectMixedStrategy) next(selector *replicaSelector) *replica {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (s *ReplicaSelectMixedStrategy) canSendReplicaRead(selector *replicaSelector) bool {
+	replicas := selector.replicas
+	replica := replicas[s.leaderIdx]
+	if replica.hasFlag(deadlineErrUsingConfTimeoutFlag) || replica.hasFlag(serverIsBusyFlag) {
+		// don't overwhelm the leader if it is busy
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
 func hasDeadlineExceededError(replicas []*replica) bool {
 	for _, replica := range replicas {
 		if replica.hasFlag(deadlineErrUsingConfTimeoutFlag) {
@@ -529,6 +543,9 @@ func (s *replicaSelector) onServerIsBusy(
 	backoffErr := errors.Errorf("server is busy, ctx: %v", ctx)
 	if s.canFastRetry() {
 		s.addPendingBackoff(store, retry.BoTiKVServerBusy, backoffErr)
+		if s.target != nil {
+			s.target.addFlag(serverIsBusyFlag)
+		}
 		return true, nil
 	}
 	err = bo.Backoff(retry.BoTiKVServerBusy, backoffErr)
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/arena/arena.go b/internal/unionstore/arena/arena.go
index 8407502..ef5c081 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/arena/arena.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/arena/arena.go
@@ -294,13 +294,13 @@ func (hdr *MemdbVlogHdr) load(src []byte) {
 }
 
 // AppendValue appends a value and it's vlog header to the vlog.
-func (l *MemdbVlog[G, M]) AppendValue(nodeAddr MemdbArenaAddr, oldValue MemdbArenaAddr, value []byte) MemdbArenaAddr {
-	size := memdbVlogHdrSize + len(value)
+func (l *MemdbVlog[G, M]) AppendValue(nodeAddr MemdbArenaAddr, oldValueAddr MemdbArenaAddr, value []byte) MemdbArenaAddr {
 	prevBlocks := len(l.blocks)
+	size := memdbVlogHdrSize + len(value)
 	addr, mem := l.Alloc(size, false)
 
 	copy(mem, value)
-	hdr := MemdbVlogHdr{nodeAddr, oldValue, uint32(len(value))}
+	hdr := MemdbVlogHdr{nodeAddr, oldValueAddr, uint32(len(value))}
 	hdr.store(mem[len(value):])
 
 	addr.off += uint32(size)
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art.go
index 7433745..36acb90 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art.go
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ func (t *ART) Get(key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 
 	// 1. search the leaf node.
 	_, leaf := t.traverse(key, false)
-	if leaf == nil || leaf.vAddr.IsNull() {
+	if leaf == nil || leaf.vLogAddr.IsNull() {
 		return nil, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
 	// 2. get the value from the vlog.
-	return t.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(leaf.vAddr), nil
+	return t.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(leaf.vLogAddr), nil
 }
 
 // GetFlags returns the latest flags associated with key.
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (t *ART) GetFlags(key []byte) (kv.KeyFlags, error) {
 	if leaf == nil {
 		return 0, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
-	if leaf.vAddr.IsNull() && leaf.isDeleted() {
+	if leaf.vLogAddr.IsNull() && leaf.isDeleted() {
 		return 0, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
 	return leaf.GetKeyFlags(), nil
@@ -184,10 +184,10 @@ func (t *ART) search(key artKey) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
 
 		if node.prefixLen > 0 {
 			prefixLen := node.match(key, depth)
-			if prefixLen < min(node.prefixLen, maxPrefixLen) {
+			if prefixLen < min(node.prefixLen, maxInNodePrefixLen) {
 				return arena.NullAddr, nil
 			}
-			// If node.prefixLen > maxPrefixLen, we optimistically match the prefix here.
+			// If node.prefixLen > maxInNodePrefixLen, we optimistically match the prefix here.
 			// False positive is possible, but it's fine since we will check the full artLeaf key at last.
 			depth += node.prefixLen
 		}
@@ -209,51 +209,51 @@ func (t *ART) recursiveInsert(key artKey) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
 		t.root, _ = t.newNode4()
 	}
 
-	depth := uint32(0)
 	prevDepth := 0
-	prev := nullArtNode
-	current := t.root
-	var node *nodeBase
+	currentDepth := uint32(0)
+	prevNode := nullArtNode
+	currentNode := t.root
+	var nodeBasePtr *nodeBase
 	for {
-		if current.isLeaf() {
-			return t.expandLeaf(key, depth, prev, current)
+		if currentNode.isLeaf() {
+			return t.expandLeafIfNeeded(key, currentDepth, prevNode, currentNode)
 		}
 
 		// inline: performance critical path
 		// get the basic node information.
-		switch current.kind {
+		switch currentNode.kind {
 		case typeNode4:
-			node = &current.asNode4(&t.allocator).nodeBase
+			nodeBasePtr = &currentNode.asNode4(&t.allocator).nodeBase
 		case typeNode16:
-			node = &current.asNode16(&t.allocator).nodeBase
+			nodeBasePtr = &currentNode.asNode16(&t.allocator).nodeBase
 		case typeNode48:
-			node = &current.asNode48(&t.allocator).nodeBase
+			nodeBasePtr = &currentNode.asNode48(&t.allocator).nodeBase
 		case typeNode256:
-			node = &current.asNode256(&t.allocator).nodeBase
+			nodeBasePtr = &currentNode.asNode256(&t.allocator).nodeBase
 		default:
 			panic("invalid nodeBase kind")
 		}
 
-		if node.prefixLen > 0 {
-			mismatchIdx := node.matchDeep(&t.allocator, &current, key, depth)
-			if mismatchIdx < node.prefixLen {
+		if nodeBasePtr.prefixLen > 0 {
+			mismatchIdx := nodeBasePtr.matchDeep(&t.allocator, &currentNode, key, currentDepth)
+			if mismatchIdx < nodeBasePtr.prefixLen {
 				// if the prefix doesn't match, we split the node into different prefixes.
-				return t.expandNode(key, depth, mismatchIdx, prev, current, node)
+				return t.expandNode(key, currentDepth, mismatchIdx, prevNode, currentNode, nodeBasePtr)
 			}
-			depth += node.prefixLen
+			currentDepth += nodeBasePtr.prefixLen
 		}
 
 		// search next node
-		valid := key.valid(int(depth))
-		_, next := current.findChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(int(depth)), !valid)
+		valid := key.valid(int(currentDepth))
+		_, next := currentNode.findChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(int(currentDepth)), !valid)
 		if next == nullArtNode {
 			// insert as leaf if there is no child.
 			newAn, newLeaf := t.newLeaf(key)
-			if current.addChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(int(depth)), !valid, newAn) {
-				if prev == nullArtNode {
-					t.root = current
+			if currentNode.addChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(int(currentDepth)), !valid, newAn) {
+				if prevNode == nullArtNode {
+					t.root = currentNode
 				} else {
-					prev.replaceChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(prevDepth), current)
+					prevNode.replaceChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(prevDepth), currentNode)
 				}
 			}
 			return newAn.addr, newLeaf
@@ -262,17 +262,18 @@ func (t *ART) recursiveInsert(key artKey) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
 			// key is drained, return the leaf.
 			return next.addr, next.asLeaf(&t.allocator)
 		}
-		prev = current
-		current = next
-		prevDepth = int(depth)
-		depth++
+		prevNode = currentNode
+		currentNode = next
+		prevDepth = int(currentDepth)
+		currentDepth++
 		continue
 	}
 }
 
-// expandLeaf expands the existing artLeaf to a node4 if the keys are different.
-// it returns the addr and leaf of the given key.
-func (t *ART) expandLeaf(key artKey, depth uint32, prev, current artNode) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
+// expandLeafIfNeeded expands the existing artLeaf to a node4 if the keys are different.
+// Otherwise, the existing leaf node is returned and would be reused.
+// It returns the addr and leaf of the given key.
+func (t *ART) expandLeafIfNeeded(key artKey, depth uint32, prevNode, currentNode artNode) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
 	// Expand the artLeaf to a node4.
 	//
 	//                            ┌────────────┐
@@ -286,30 +287,32 @@ func (t *ART) expandLeaf(key artKey, depth uint32, prev, current artNode) (arena
 	//                     │   old   │       │   new   │
 	//                     │  leaf1  │       │  leaf2  │
 	//                     └─────────┘       └─────────┘
-	leaf1 := current.asLeaf(&t.allocator)
+	if depth == 0 {
+		panic("Invalid expandLeafIfNeeded input with zero depth")
+	}
+	leaf1 := currentNode.asLeaf(&t.allocator)
 	if leaf1.match(depth-1, key) {
 		// same key, return the artLeaf and overwrite the value.
-		return current.addr, leaf1
+		return currentNode.addr, leaf1
 	}
 	prevDepth := int(depth - 1)
+	newLeafNode, leaf2 := t.newLeaf(key)
 
-	leaf2Addr, leaf2 := t.newLeaf(key)
+	// calculate the common prefix length of new node.
 	l1Key, l2Key := artKey(leaf1.GetKey()), artKey(leaf2.GetKey())
 	lcp := longestCommonPrefix(l1Key, l2Key, depth)
-
-	// calculate the common prefix length of new node.
 	newAn, newN4 := t.newNode4()
 	newN4.setPrefix(key[depth:], lcp)
 	depth += lcp
-	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, l1Key.charAt(int(depth)), !l1Key.valid(int(depth)), current)
-	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, l2Key.charAt(int(depth)), !l2Key.valid(int(depth)), leaf2Addr)
+	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, l1Key.charAt(int(depth)), !l1Key.valid(int(depth)), currentNode)
+	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, l2Key.charAt(int(depth)), !l2Key.valid(int(depth)), newLeafNode)
 
 	// swap the old leaf with the new node4.
-	prev.replaceChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(prevDepth), newAn)
-	return leaf2Addr.addr, leaf2
+	prevNode.replaceChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(prevDepth), newAn)
+	return newLeafNode.addr, leaf2
 }
 
-func (t *ART) expandNode(key artKey, depth, mismatchIdx uint32, prev, current artNode, currNode *nodeBase) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
+func (t *ART) expandNode(key artKey, depth, mismatchIdx uint32, prevNode, currentNode artNode, nodeBasePtr *nodeBase) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
 	// prefix mismatch, create a new parent node which has a shorter prefix.
 	// example of insert "acc" into node with "abc prefix:
 	//                                    ┌────────────┐
@@ -330,24 +333,24 @@ func (t *ART) expandNode(key artKey, depth, mismatchIdx uint32, prev, current ar
 
 	// update prefix for old node and move it as a child of the new node.
 	var prefix artKey
-	if currNode.prefixLen <= maxPrefixLen {
-		// node.prefixLen <= maxPrefixLen means all the prefix is in the prefix array.
+	if nodeBasePtr.prefixLen <= maxInNodePrefixLen {
+		// The node.prefixLen <= maxInNodePrefixLen means all the prefix is in the prefix array.
 		// The char at mismatchIdx will be stored in the index of new node.
-		prefix = currNode.prefix[:]
+		prefix = nodeBasePtr.prefix[:]
 	} else {
-		// Unless, we need to find the prefix in the leaf.
-		// Any leaves in the node should have the same prefix, we use minimum node here.
-		leafArtNode := minimum(&t.allocator, current)
-		prefix = leafArtNode.asLeaf(&t.allocator).GetKey()[depth : depth+currNode.prefixLen]
+		// Otherwise, we need to find the prefix in the leaf.
+		// Any leaves in the node should have the same prefix, we use minimumLeafNode node here.
+		leafArtNode := minimumLeafNode(&t.allocator, currentNode)
+		prefix = leafArtNode.asLeaf(&t.allocator).GetKey()[depth : depth+nodeBasePtr.prefixLen]
 	}
 	nodeChar := prefix[mismatchIdx]
-	currNode.setPrefix(prefix[mismatchIdx+1:], currNode.prefixLen-mismatchIdx-1)
-	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, nodeChar, false, current)
+	nodeBasePtr.setPrefix(prefix[mismatchIdx+1:], nodeBasePtr.prefixLen-mismatchIdx-1)
+	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, nodeChar, false, currentNode)
 
-	// insert the artLeaf into new node
+	// Insert the new artLeaf node.
 	newLeafAddr, newLeaf := t.newLeaf(key)
 	newAn.addChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(int(depth+mismatchIdx)), !key.valid(int(depth+mismatchIdx)), newLeafAddr)
-	prev.replaceChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(prevDepth), newAn)
+	prevNode.replaceChild(&t.allocator, key.charAt(prevDepth), newAn)
 	return newLeafAddr.addr, newLeaf
 }
 
@@ -363,9 +366,9 @@ func (t *ART) newLeaf(key artKey) (artNode, *artLeaf) {
 
 func (t *ART) setValue(addr arena.MemdbArenaAddr, l *artLeaf, value []byte, ops []kv.FlagsOp) {
 	flags := l.GetKeyFlags()
-	if flags == 0 && l.vAddr.IsNull() || l.isDeleted() {
+	if flags == 0 && l.vLogAddr.IsNull() || l.isDeleted() {
 		t.len++
-		t.size += int(l.klen)
+		t.size += int(l.keyLen)
 	}
 	if value != nil {
 		flags = kv.ApplyFlagsOps(flags, append([]kv.FlagsOp{kv.DelNeedConstraintCheckInPrewrite}, ops...)...)
@@ -381,13 +384,13 @@ func (t *ART) setValue(addr arena.MemdbArenaAddr, l *artLeaf, value []byte, ops
 		// value == nil means it updates flags only.
 		return
 	}
-	oldSize, swapper := t.trySwapValue(l.vAddr, value)
+	oldSize, swapper := t.trySwapValue(l.vLogAddr, value)
 	if swapper {
 		return
 	}
 	t.size += len(value) - oldSize
-	vAddr := t.allocator.vlogAllocator.AppendValue(addr, l.vAddr, value)
-	l.vAddr = vAddr
+	vAddr := t.allocator.vlogAllocator.AppendValue(addr, l.vLogAddr, value)
+	l.vLogAddr = vAddr
 }
 
 // trySwapValue checks if the value can be updated in place.
@@ -438,7 +441,7 @@ func (t *ART) RevertVAddr(hdr *arena.MemdbVlogHdr) {
 	if lf == nil {
 		panic("revert an invalid node")
 	}
-	lf.vAddr = hdr.OldValue
+	lf.vLogAddr = hdr.OldValue
 	t.size -= int(hdr.ValueLen)
 	if hdr.OldValue.IsNull() {
 		keptFlags := lf.GetKeyFlags()
@@ -446,7 +449,7 @@ func (t *ART) RevertVAddr(hdr *arena.MemdbVlogHdr) {
 		if keptFlags == 0 {
 			lf.markDelete()
 			t.len--
-			t.size -= int(lf.klen)
+			t.size -= int(lf.keyLen)
 		} else {
 			lf.setKeyFlags(keptFlags)
 		}
@@ -457,7 +460,7 @@ func (t *ART) RevertVAddr(hdr *arena.MemdbVlogHdr) {
 
 func (t *ART) InspectNode(addr arena.MemdbArenaAddr) (*artLeaf, arena.MemdbArenaAddr) {
 	lf := t.allocator.getLeaf(addr)
-	return lf, lf.vAddr
+	return lf, lf.vLogAddr
 }
 
 // IsStaging returns whether the MemBuffer is in staging status.
@@ -562,11 +565,11 @@ func (t *ART) SelectValueHistory(key []byte, predicate func(value []byte) bool)
 	if x == nil {
 		return nil, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
-	if x.vAddr.IsNull() {
+	if x.vLogAddr.IsNull() {
 		// A flags only key, act as value not exists
 		return nil, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
-	result := t.allocator.vlogAllocator.SelectValueHistory(x.vAddr, func(addr arena.MemdbArenaAddr) bool {
+	result := t.allocator.vlogAllocator.SelectValueHistory(x.vLogAddr, func(addr arena.MemdbArenaAddr) bool {
 		return predicate(t.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(addr))
 	})
 	if result.IsNull() {
@@ -600,10 +603,10 @@ func (t *ART) GetValueByHandle(handle arena.MemKeyHandle) ([]byte, bool) {
 		return nil, false
 	}
 	lf := t.allocator.getLeaf(handle.ToAddr())
-	if lf.vAddr.IsNull() {
+	if lf.vLogAddr.IsNull() {
 		return nil, false
 	}
-	return t.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(lf.vAddr), true
+	return t.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(lf.vLogAddr), true
 }
 
 // GetEntrySizeLimit gets the size limit for each entry and total buffer.
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art_arena.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art_arena.go
index d977d91..afa6f63 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art_arena.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art_arena.go
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ func (f *artAllocator) allocLeaf(key []byte) (arena.MemdbArenaAddr, *artLeaf) {
 	size := leafSize + len(key)
 	addr, data := f.nodeAllocator.Alloc(size, true)
 	lf := (*artLeaf)(unsafe.Pointer(&data[0]))
-	lf.klen = uint16(len(key))
+	lf.keyLen = uint16(len(key))
 	lf.flags = 0
-	lf.vAddr = arena.NullAddr
+	lf.vLogAddr = arena.NullAddr
 	copy(data[leafSize:], key)
 	return addr, lf
 }
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art_iterator.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art_iterator.go
index 3db2686..2bf4fdb 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art_iterator.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art_iterator.go
@@ -82,10 +82,10 @@ func (it *Iterator) Valid() bool        { return it.valid }
 func (it *Iterator) Key() []byte        { return it.currLeaf.GetKey() }
 func (it *Iterator) Flags() kv.KeyFlags { return it.currLeaf.GetKeyFlags() }
 func (it *Iterator) Value() []byte {
-	if it.currLeaf.vAddr.IsNull() {
+	if it.currLeaf.vLogAddr.IsNull() {
 		return nil
 	}
-	return it.tree.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(it.currLeaf.vAddr)
+	return it.tree.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetValue(it.currLeaf.vLogAddr)
 }
 
 // HasValue returns false if it is flags only.
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (it *Iterator) HasValue() bool {
 }
 
 func (it *Iterator) isFlagsOnly() bool {
-	return it.currLeaf != nil && it.currLeaf.vAddr.IsNull()
+	return it.currLeaf != nil && it.currLeaf.vLogAddr.IsNull()
 }
 
 func (it *Iterator) Next() error {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ func (it *Iterator) Next() error {
 			return nil
 		}
 		it.setCurrLeaf(nextLeaf.addr)
-		if it.currLeaf.vAddr.IsNull() {
+		if it.currLeaf.vLogAddr.IsNull() {
 			// if it.includeFlags is true, the iterator should return even the value is null.
 			if it.includeFlags && !it.currLeaf.isDeleted() {
 				return nil
@@ -251,10 +251,10 @@ func (it *baseIter) seek(root artNode, key artKey) {
 				// If the seek key is smaller than the prefix, all the children are located on the right side of the seek key.
 				// Otherwise, the children are located on the left side of the seek key.
 				var prefix []byte
-				if mismatchIdx < maxPrefixLen {
+				if mismatchIdx < maxInNodePrefixLen {
 					prefix = node.prefix[:]
 				} else {
-					leafNode := minimum(it.allocator, curr)
+					leafNode := minimumLeafNode(it.allocator, curr)
 					prefix = leafNode.asLeaf(it.allocator).getKeyDepth(depth)
 				}
 				if mismatchIdx+depth == uint32(len(key)) || key[depth+mismatchIdx] < prefix[mismatchIdx] {
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art_node.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art_node.go
index c3e533e..a0e05a6 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art_node.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art_node.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ package art
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
 	"math"
 	"math/bits"
 	"runtime"
@@ -39,11 +40,12 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	maxPrefixLen = 20
-	node4cap     = 4
-	node16cap    = 16
-	node48cap    = 48
-	node256cap   = 256
+	// maxInNodePrefixLen is the maximum length of the prefix stored within an art node.
+	maxInNodePrefixLen = 20
+	node4cap           = 4
+	node16cap          = 16
+	node48cap          = 48
+	node256cap         = 256
 	// inplaceIndex is a special index to indicate the index of an in-place leaf in a node,
 	// the in-place leaf has the same key with its parent node and doesn't occupy the quota of the node.
 	// the other valid index of a node is [0, nodeNum), all the other leaves in the node have larger key than the in-place leaf.
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ type artNode struct {
 type nodeBase struct {
 	nodeNum     uint8
 	prefixLen   uint32
-	prefix      [maxPrefixLen]byte
+	prefix      [maxInNodePrefixLen]byte
 	inplaceLeaf artNode
 }
 
@@ -124,9 +126,9 @@ type node256 struct {
 const MaxKeyLen = math.MaxUint16
 
 type artLeaf struct {
-	vAddr arena.MemdbArenaAddr
-	klen  uint16
-	flags uint16
+	vLogAddr arena.MemdbArenaAddr
+	keyLen   uint16
+	flags    uint16
 }
 
 func (an *artNode) isLeaf() bool {
@@ -260,13 +262,13 @@ func (k artKey) valid(pos int) bool {
 // GetKey gets the full key of the leaf
 func (l *artLeaf) GetKey() []byte {
 	base := unsafe.Add(unsafe.Pointer(l), leafSize)
-	return unsafe.Slice((*byte)(base), int(l.klen))
+	return unsafe.Slice((*byte)(base), int(l.keyLen))
 }
 
 // getKeyDepth gets the partial key start from depth of the artLeaf
 func (l *artLeaf) getKeyDepth(depth uint32) []byte {
 	base := unsafe.Add(unsafe.Pointer(l), leafSize+int(depth))
-	return unsafe.Slice((*byte)(base), int(l.klen)-int(depth))
+	return unsafe.Slice((*byte)(base), int(l.keyLen)-int(depth))
 }
 
 func (l *artLeaf) match(depth uint32, key artKey) bool {
@@ -304,30 +306,33 @@ func (l *artLeaf) isDeleted() bool {
 // node methods
 func (n *nodeBase) setPrefix(key artKey, prefixLen uint32) {
 	n.prefixLen = prefixLen
-	copy(n.prefix[:], key[:min(prefixLen, maxPrefixLen)])
+	copy(n.prefix[:], key[:min(prefixLen, maxInNodePrefixLen)])
 }
 
-// match returns the mismatch index of the key and the node's prefix within maxPrefixLen.
-// Node if the nodeBase.prefixLen > maxPrefixLen and the returned mismatch index equals to maxPrefixLen,
-// key[maxPrefixLen:] will not be checked by this function.
+// match returns the mismatch index of the key and the node's prefix within maxInNodePrefixLen.
+// Node if the nodeBase.prefixLen > maxInNodePrefixLen and the returned mismatch index equals to maxInNodePrefixLen,
+// key[maxInNodePrefixLen:] will not be checked by this function.
 func (n *nodeBase) match(key artKey, depth uint32) uint32 /* mismatch index */ {
-	return longestCommonPrefix(key[depth:], n.prefix[:min(n.prefixLen, maxPrefixLen)], 0)
+	return longestCommonPrefix(key[depth:], n.prefix[:min(n.prefixLen, maxInNodePrefixLen)], 0)
 }
 
 // matchDeep returns the mismatch index of the key and the node's prefix.
 // If the key is fully match, the mismatch index is equal to the nodeBase.prefixLen.
-// The nodeBase only stores prefix within maxPrefixLen, if it's not enough for matching,
+// The nodeBase only stores prefix within maxInNodePrefixLen, if it's not enough for matching,
 // the matchDeep func looks up and match by the leaf, this function always returns the actual mismatch index.
 func (n *nodeBase) matchDeep(a *artAllocator, an *artNode, key artKey, depth uint32) uint32 /* mismatch index */ {
-	// match in-node prefix
+	// Match in-node prefix, if the whole prefix is longer than maxInNodePrefixLen, we need to match deeper.
 	mismatchIdx := n.match(key, depth)
-	if mismatchIdx < maxPrefixLen || n.prefixLen <= maxPrefixLen {
+	if mismatchIdx < maxInNodePrefixLen || n.prefixLen <= maxInNodePrefixLen {
 		return mismatchIdx
 	}
-	// if the prefixLen is longer maxPrefixLen and mismatchIdx == maxPrefixLen, we need to match deeper with any leaf.
-	leafArtNode := minimum(a, *an)
+	if mismatchIdx > maxInNodePrefixLen {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("matchDeep invalid state, the mismatchIdx=%v and maxInNodePrefixLen=%v", mismatchIdx, maxInNodePrefixLen))
+	}
+	// If the whole prefix is longer maxInNodePrefixLen and mismatchIdx == maxInNodePrefixLen, we need to match deeper with any leaf.
+	leafArtNode := minimumLeafNode(a, *an)
 	lKey := leafArtNode.asLeaf(a).GetKey()
-	return longestCommonPrefix(lKey, key, depth+maxPrefixLen) + maxPrefixLen
+	return longestCommonPrefix(lKey, key, depth+maxInNodePrefixLen) + maxInNodePrefixLen
 }
 
 func (an *artNode) asNode4(a *artAllocator) *node4 {
@@ -401,8 +406,8 @@ func longestCommonPrefixByChunk(l1Key, l2Key artKey, depth uint32) uint32 {
 	return idx - depth
 }
 
-// Find the minimum artLeaf under an artNode
-func minimum(a *artAllocator, an artNode) artNode {
+// Find the minimumLeafNode artLeaf under an artNode
+func minimumLeafNode(a *artAllocator, an artNode) artNode {
 	for {
 		switch an.kind {
 		case typeLeaf:
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art_snapshot.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art_snapshot.go
index 39e9dba..454634b 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art_snapshot.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art_snapshot.go
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ func (snap *SnapGetter) Get(ctx context.Context, key []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if addr.IsNull() {
 		return nil, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
-	if lf.vAddr.IsNull() {
+	if lf.vLogAddr.IsNull() {
 		// A flags only key, act as value not exists
 		return nil, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
-	v, ok := snap.tree.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetSnapshotValue(lf.vAddr, &snap.cp)
+	v, ok := snap.tree.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetSnapshotValue(lf.vLogAddr, &snap.cp)
 	if !ok {
 		return nil, tikverr.ErrNotExist
 	}
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (i *SnapIter) setValue() bool {
 	if !i.Valid() {
 		return false
 	}
-	if v, ok := i.tree.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetSnapshotValue(i.currLeaf.vAddr, &i.cp); ok {
+	if v, ok := i.tree.allocator.vlogAllocator.GetSnapshotValue(i.currLeaf.vLogAddr, &i.cp); ok {
 		i.value = v
 		return true
 	}
diff --git a/kv/store_vars.go b/kv/store_vars.go
index 184975c..9bf8ff7 100644
--- a/kv/store_vars.go
+++ b/kv/store_vars.go
@@ -92,3 +92,11 @@ func (r ReplicaReadType) String() string {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("unknown-%v", byte(r))
 	}
 }
+
+type AccessLocationType byte
+
+const (
+	AccessUnknown AccessLocationType = iota
+	AccessLocalZone
+	AccessCrossZone
+)
diff --git a/oracle/oracle.go b/oracle/oracle.go
index a4ffa1b..cd38333 100644
--- a/oracle/oracle.go
+++ b/oracle/oracle.go
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ package oracle
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"time"
 )
 
@@ -68,12 +69,17 @@ type Oracle interface {
 	// GetAllTSOKeyspaceGroupMinTS gets a minimum timestamp from all TSO keyspace groups.
 	GetAllTSOKeyspaceGroupMinTS(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error)
 
-	// ValidateSnapshotReadTS verifies whether it can be guaranteed that the given readTS doesn't exceed the maximum ts
-	// that has been allocated by the oracle, so that it's safe to use this ts to perform snapshot read, stale read,
-	// etc.
+	ReadTSValidator
+}
+
+// ReadTSValidator is the interface for providing the ability for verifying whether a timestamp is safe to be used
+// for readings, as part of the `Oracle` interface.
+type ReadTSValidator interface {
+	// ValidateReadTS verifies whether it can be guaranteed that the given readTS doesn't exceed the maximum ts
+	// that has been allocated by the oracle, so that it's safe to use this ts to perform read operations.
 	// Note that this method only checks the ts from the oracle's perspective. It doesn't check whether the snapshot
 	// has been GCed.
-	ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, opt *Option) error
+	ValidateReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, isStaleRead bool, opt *Option) error
 }
 
 // Future is a future which promises to return a timestamp.
@@ -125,3 +131,27 @@ func GoTimeToTS(t time.Time) uint64 {
 func GoTimeToLowerLimitStartTS(now time.Time, maxTxnTimeUse int64) uint64 {
 	return GoTimeToTS(now.Add(-time.Duration(maxTxnTimeUse) * time.Millisecond))
 }
+
+// NoopReadTSValidator is a dummy implementation of ReadTSValidator that always let the validation pass.
+// Only use this when using RPCs that are not related to ts (e.g. rawkv), or in tests where `Oracle` is not available
+// and the validation is not necessary.
+type NoopReadTSValidator struct{}
+
+func (NoopReadTSValidator) ValidateReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, isStaleRead bool, opt *Option) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+type ErrFutureTSRead struct {
+	ReadTS    uint64
+	CurrentTS uint64
+}
+
+func (e ErrFutureTSRead) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("cannot set read timestamp to a future time, readTS: %d, currentTS: %d", e.ReadTS, e.CurrentTS)
+}
+
+type ErrLatestStaleRead struct{}
+
+func (ErrLatestStaleRead) Error() string {
+	return "cannot set read ts to max uint64 for stale read"
+}
diff --git a/oracle/oracles/local.go b/oracle/oracles/local.go
index bf9b43c..a980bbd 100644
--- a/oracle/oracles/local.go
+++ b/oracle/oracles/local.go
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ package oracles
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"math"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -150,13 +151,23 @@ func (l *localOracle) GetExternalTimestamp(ctx context.Context) (uint64, error)
 	return l.getExternalTimestamp(ctx)
 }
 
-func (l *localOracle) ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, opt *oracle.Option) error {
+func (l *localOracle) ValidateReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, isStaleRead bool, opt *oracle.Option) error {
+	if readTS == math.MaxUint64 {
+		if isStaleRead {
+			return oracle.ErrLatestStaleRead{}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	currentTS, err := l.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Errorf("fail to validate read timestamp: %v", err)
 	}
 	if currentTS < readTS {
-		return errors.Errorf("cannot set read timestamp to a future time")
+		return oracle.ErrFutureTSRead{
+			ReadTS:    readTS,
+			CurrentTS: currentTS,
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/oracle/oracles/mock.go b/oracle/oracles/mock.go
index cab3335..757ce31 100644
--- a/oracle/oracles/mock.go
+++ b/oracle/oracles/mock.go
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ package oracles
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"math"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -137,13 +138,23 @@ func (o *MockOracle) SetLowResolutionTimestampUpdateInterval(time.Duration) erro
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (o *MockOracle) ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, opt *oracle.Option) error {
+func (o *MockOracle) ValidateReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, isStaleRead bool, opt *oracle.Option) error {
+	if readTS == math.MaxUint64 {
+		if isStaleRead {
+			return oracle.ErrLatestStaleRead{}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	currentTS, err := o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Errorf("fail to validate read timestamp: %v", err)
 	}
 	if currentTS < readTS {
-		return errors.Errorf("cannot set read timestamp to a future time")
+		return oracle.ErrFutureTSRead{
+			ReadTS:    readTS,
+			CurrentTS: currentTS,
+		}
 	}
 	return nil
 }
diff --git a/oracle/oracles/pd.go b/oracle/oracles/pd.go
index 310e9b5..b5b0c5f 100644
--- a/oracle/oracles/pd.go
+++ b/oracle/oracles/pd.go
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ package oracles
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"math"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ type pdOracle struct {
 
 	// When the low resolution ts is not new enough and there are many concurrent stane read / snapshot read
 	// operations that needs to validate the read ts, we can use this to avoid too many concurrent GetTS calls by
-	// reusing a result for different `ValidateSnapshotReadTS` calls. This can be done because that
+	// reusing a result for different `ValidateReadTS` calls. This can be done because that
 	// we don't require the ts for validation to be strictly the latest one.
 	// Note that the result can't be reused for different txnScopes. The txnScope is used as the key.
 	tsForValidation singleflight.Group
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ type pdOracle struct {
 // lastTSO stores the last timestamp oracle gets from PD server and the local time when the TSO is fetched.
 type lastTSO struct {
 	tso     uint64
-	arrival uint64
+	arrival time.Time
 }
 
 type PDOracleOptions struct {
@@ -290,17 +291,13 @@ func (o *pdOracle) getMinTimestampInAllTSOGroup(ctx context.Context) (uint64, er
 	return oracle.ComposeTS(physical, logical), nil
 }
 
-func (o *pdOracle) getArrivalTimestamp() uint64 {
-	return oracle.GoTimeToTS(time.Now())
-}
-
 func (o *pdOracle) setLastTS(ts uint64, txnScope string) {
 	if txnScope == "" {
 		txnScope = oracle.GlobalTxnScope
 	}
 	current := &lastTSO{
 		tso:     ts,
-		arrival: o.getArrivalTimestamp(),
+		arrival: time.Now(),
 	}
 	lastTSInterface, ok := o.lastTSMap.Load(txnScope)
 	if !ok {
@@ -312,7 +309,7 @@ func (o *pdOracle) setLastTS(ts uint64, txnScope string) {
 	lastTSPointer := lastTSInterface.(*atomic.Pointer[lastTSO])
 	for {
 		last := lastTSPointer.Load()
-		if current.tso <= last.tso || current.arrival <= last.arrival {
+		if current.tso <= last.tso || !current.arrival.After(last.arrival) {
 			return
 		}
 		if lastTSPointer.CompareAndSwap(last, current) {
@@ -614,8 +611,11 @@ func (o *pdOracle) getStaleTimestamp(txnScope string, prevSecond uint64) (uint64
 	if !ok {
 		return 0, errors.Errorf("get stale timestamp fail, txnScope: %s", txnScope)
 	}
-	ts, arrivalTS := last.tso, last.arrival
-	arrivalTime := oracle.GetTimeFromTS(arrivalTS)
+	return o.getStaleTimestampWithLastTS(last, prevSecond)
+}
+
+func (o *pdOracle) getStaleTimestampWithLastTS(last *lastTSO, prevSecond uint64) (uint64, error) {
+	ts, arrivalTime := last.tso, last.arrival
 	physicalTime := oracle.GetTimeFromTS(ts)
 	if uint64(physicalTime.Unix()) <= prevSecond {
 		return 0, errors.Errorf("invalid prevSecond %v", prevSecond)
@@ -670,22 +670,34 @@ func (o *pdOracle) getCurrentTSForValidation(ctx context.Context, opt *oracle.Op
 	}
 }
 
-func (o *pdOracle) ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, opt *oracle.Option) error {
-	latestTS, err := o.GetLowResolutionTimestamp(ctx, opt)
-	// If we fail to get latestTS or the readTS exceeds it, get a timestamp from PD to double-check.
+func (o *pdOracle) ValidateReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, isStaleRead bool, opt *oracle.Option) (errRet error) {
+	if readTS == math.MaxUint64 {
+		if isStaleRead {
+			return oracle.ErrLatestStaleRead{}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	latestTSInfo, exists := o.getLastTSWithArrivalTS(opt.TxnScope)
+	// If we fail to get latestTSInfo or the readTS exceeds it, get a timestamp from PD to double-check.
 	// But we don't need to strictly fetch the latest TS. So if there are already concurrent calls to this function
 	// loading the latest TS, we can just reuse the same result to avoid too many concurrent GetTS calls.
-	if err != nil || readTS > latestTS {
+	if !exists || readTS > latestTSInfo.tso {
 		currentTS, err := o.getCurrentTSForValidation(ctx, opt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return errors.Errorf("fail to validate read timestamp: %v", err)
 		}
-		o.adjustUpdateLowResolutionTSIntervalWithRequestedStaleness(readTS, currentTS, time.Now())
+		if isStaleRead {
+			o.adjustUpdateLowResolutionTSIntervalWithRequestedStaleness(readTS, currentTS, time.Now())
+		}
 		if readTS > currentTS {
-			return errors.Errorf("cannot set read timestamp to a future time")
+			return oracle.ErrFutureTSRead{
+				ReadTS:    readTS,
+				CurrentTS: currentTS,
+			}
 		}
-	} else {
-		estimatedCurrentTS, err := o.getStaleTimestamp(opt.TxnScope, 0)
+	} else if isStaleRead {
+		estimatedCurrentTS, err := o.getStaleTimestampWithLastTS(latestTSInfo, 0)
 		if err != nil {
 			logutil.Logger(ctx).Warn("failed to estimate current ts by getSlateTimestamp for auto-adjusting update low resolution ts interval",
 				zap.Error(err), zap.Uint64("readTS", readTS), zap.String("txnScope", opt.TxnScope))
@@ -696,6 +708,9 @@ func (o *pdOracle) ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64, op
 	return nil
 }
 
+// adjustUpdateLowResolutionTSIntervalWithRequestedStaleness triggers adjustments the update interval of low resolution
+// ts, if necessary, to suite the usage of stale read.
+// This method is not supposed to be called when performing non-stale-read operations.
 func (o *pdOracle) adjustUpdateLowResolutionTSIntervalWithRequestedStaleness(readTS uint64, currentTS uint64, now time.Time) {
 	requiredStaleness := oracle.GetTimeFromTS(currentTS).Sub(oracle.GetTimeFromTS(readTS))
 
diff --git a/rawkv/rawkv.go b/rawkv/rawkv.go
index 0041298..87ed2f8 100644
--- a/rawkv/rawkv.go
+++ b/rawkv/rawkv.go
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/kvrpc"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/locate"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/metrics"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikv"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
 	pd "github.com/tikv/pd/client"
@@ -687,7 +688,7 @@ func (c *Client) CompareAndSwap(ctx context.Context, key, previousValue, newValu
 
 func (c *Client) sendReq(ctx context.Context, key []byte, req *tikvrpc.Request, reverse bool) (*tikvrpc.Response, *locate.KeyLocation, error) {
 	bo := retry.NewBackofferWithVars(ctx, rawkvMaxBackoff, nil)
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient)
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	for {
 		var loc *locate.KeyLocation
 		var err error
@@ -784,7 +785,7 @@ func (c *Client) doBatchReq(bo *retry.Backoffer, batch kvrpc.Batch, options *raw
 		})
 	}
 
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient)
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	req.MaxExecutionDurationMs = uint64(client.MaxWriteExecutionTime.Milliseconds())
 	resp, _, err := sender.SendReq(bo, req, batch.RegionID, client.ReadTimeoutShort)
 
@@ -834,7 +835,7 @@ func (c *Client) doBatchReq(bo *retry.Backoffer, batch kvrpc.Batch, options *raw
 // TODO: Is there any better way to avoid duplicating code with func `sendReq` ?
 func (c *Client) sendDeleteRangeReq(ctx context.Context, startKey []byte, endKey []byte, opts *rawOptions) (*tikvrpc.Response, []byte, error) {
 	bo := retry.NewBackofferWithVars(ctx, rawkvMaxBackoff, nil)
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient)
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	for {
 		loc, err := c.regionCache.LocateKey(bo, startKey)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -936,7 +937,7 @@ func (c *Client) doBatchPut(bo *retry.Backoffer, batch kvrpc.Batch, opts *rawOpt
 			Ttl:    ttl,
 		})
 
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient)
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.regionCache, c.rpcClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	req.MaxExecutionDurationMs = uint64(client.MaxWriteExecutionTime.Milliseconds())
 	req.ApiVersion = c.apiVersion
 	resp, _, err := sender.SendReq(bo, req, batch.RegionID, client.ReadTimeoutShort)
diff --git a/tikv/kv.go b/tikv/kv.go
index db375ae..f9bc048 100644
--- a/tikv/kv.go
+++ b/tikv/kv.go
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ func (s *KVStore) SupportDeleteRange() (supported bool) {
 func (s *KVStore) SendReq(
 	bo *Backoffer, req *tikvrpc.Request, regionID locate.RegionVerID, timeout time.Duration,
 ) (*tikvrpc.Response, error) {
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(s.regionCache, s.GetTiKVClient())
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(s.regionCache, s.GetTiKVClient(), s.oracle)
 	resp, _, err := sender.SendReq(bo, req, regionID, timeout)
 	return resp, err
 }
diff --git a/tikv/region.go b/tikv/region.go
index 188fce6..1bffa6e 100644
--- a/tikv/region.go
+++ b/tikv/region.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/client"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/locate"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/kv"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
 	pd "github.com/tikv/pd/client"
 )
@@ -161,8 +162,8 @@ func GetStoreTypeByMeta(store *metapb.Store) tikvrpc.EndpointType {
 }
 
 // NewRegionRequestSender creates a new sender.
-func NewRegionRequestSender(regionCache *RegionCache, client client.Client) *RegionRequestSender {
-	return locate.NewRegionRequestSender(regionCache, client)
+func NewRegionRequestSender(regionCache *RegionCache, client client.Client, readTSValidator oracle.ReadTSValidator) *RegionRequestSender {
+	return locate.NewRegionRequestSender(regionCache, client, readTSValidator)
 }
 
 // LoadShuttingDown atomically loads ShuttingDown.
diff --git a/tikv/split_region.go b/tikv/split_region.go
index 5f9a7ec..e7aaba0 100644
--- a/tikv/split_region.go
+++ b/tikv/split_region.go
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ func (s *KVStore) batchSendSingleRegion(bo *Backoffer, batch kvrpc.Batch, scatte
 		RequestSource: util.RequestSourceFromCtx(bo.GetCtx()),
 	})
 
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(s.regionCache, s.GetTiKVClient())
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(s.regionCache, s.GetTiKVClient(), s.oracle)
 	resp, _, err := sender.SendReq(bo, req, batch.RegionID, client.ReadTimeoutShort)
 
 	batchResp := kvrpc.BatchResult{Response: resp}
diff --git a/tikvrpc/tikvrpc.go b/tikvrpc/tikvrpc.go
index 96a480c..d2474bd 100644
--- a/tikvrpc/tikvrpc.go
+++ b/tikvrpc/tikvrpc.go
@@ -264,7 +264,8 @@ type Request struct {
 	ReadType string
 	// InputRequestSource is the input source of the request, if it's not empty, the final RequestSource sent to store will be attached with the retry info.
 	InputRequestSource string
-
+	// AccessLocationAttr indicates the request is sent to a different zone.
+	AccessLocation kv.AccessLocationType
 	// rev represents the revision of the request, it's increased when `Req.Context` gets patched.
 	rev uint32
 }
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/commit.go b/txnkv/transaction/commit.go
index a3b4be8..749b85a 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/commit.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/commit.go
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (action actionCommit) handleSingleBatch(c *twoPhaseCommitter, bo *retry.Bac
 	tBegin := time.Now()
 	attempts := 0
 
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient())
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient(), c.store.GetOracle())
 	for {
 		attempts++
 		reqBegin := time.Now()
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go b/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go
index 637044c..d73345c 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ func (action actionPessimisticLock) handleSingleBatch(
 			time.Sleep(300 * time.Millisecond)
 			return errors.WithStack(&tikverr.ErrWriteConflict{WriteConflict: nil})
 		}
-		sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient())
+		sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient(), c.store.GetOracle())
 		startTime := time.Now()
 		resp, _, err := sender.SendReq(bo, req, batch.region, client.ReadTimeoutShort)
 		diagCtx.reqDuration = time.Since(startTime)
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/pipelined_flush.go b/txnkv/transaction/pipelined_flush.go
index ce26d46..c745e53 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/pipelined_flush.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/pipelined_flush.go
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ func (action actionPipelinedFlush) handleSingleBatch(
 	attempts := 0
 
 	req := c.buildPipelinedFlushRequest(batch, action.generation)
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient())
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient(), c.store.GetOracle())
 	var resolvingRecordToken *int
 
 	for {
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/prewrite.go b/txnkv/transaction/prewrite.go
index 26e317e..a6eeafb 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/prewrite.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/prewrite.go
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ func (action actionPrewrite) handleSingleBatch(
 	attempts := 0
 
 	req := c.buildPrewriteRequest(batch, txnSize)
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient())
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(c.store.GetRegionCache(), c.store.GetTiKVClient(), c.store.GetOracle())
 	var resolvingRecordToken *int
 	defer func() {
 		if err != nil {
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/txn.go b/txnkv/transaction/txn.go
index 4eaa841..aeebceb 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/txn.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/txn.go
@@ -1704,6 +1704,11 @@ func (txn *KVTxn) StartTS() uint64 {
 	return txn.startTS
 }
 
+// CommitTS returns the commit timestamp of the already committed transaction, or zero if it's not committed yet.
+func (txn *KVTxn) CommitTS() uint64 {
+	return txn.commitTS
+}
+
 // Valid returns if the transaction is valid.
 // A transaction become invalid after commit or rollback.
 func (txn *KVTxn) Valid() bool {
diff --git a/txnkv/txnsnapshot/client_helper.go b/txnkv/txnsnapshot/client_helper.go
index 6944c75..c3008d1 100644
--- a/txnkv/txnsnapshot/client_helper.go
+++ b/txnkv/txnsnapshot/client_helper.go
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/config/retry"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/client"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/locate"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/txnkv/txnlock"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/util"
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ type ClientHelper struct {
 	committedLocks *util.TSSet
 	client         client.Client
 	resolveLite    bool
+	oracle         oracle.Oracle
 	Stats          *locate.RegionRequestRuntimeStats
 }
 
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ func NewClientHelper(store kvstore, resolvedLocks *util.TSSet, committedLocks *u
 		committedLocks: committedLocks,
 		client:         store.GetTiKVClient(),
 		resolveLite:    resolveLite,
+		oracle:         store.GetOracle(),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@ func (ch *ClientHelper) ResolveLocksDone(callerStartTS uint64, token int) {
 
 // SendReqCtx wraps the SendReqCtx function and use the resolved lock result in the kvrpcpb.Context.
 func (ch *ClientHelper) SendReqCtx(bo *retry.Backoffer, req *tikvrpc.Request, regionID locate.RegionVerID, timeout time.Duration, et tikvrpc.EndpointType, directStoreAddr string, opts ...locate.StoreSelectorOption) (*tikvrpc.Response, *locate.RPCContext, string, error) {
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(ch.regionCache, ch.client)
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(ch.regionCache, ch.client, ch.oracle)
 	if len(directStoreAddr) > 0 {
 		sender.SetStoreAddr(directStoreAddr)
 	}
diff --git a/txnkv/txnsnapshot/scan.go b/txnkv/txnsnapshot/scan.go
index c3fa8b0..c099cc2 100644
--- a/txnkv/txnsnapshot/scan.go
+++ b/txnkv/txnsnapshot/scan.go
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func (s *Scanner) getData(bo *retry.Backoffer) error {
 		zap.String("nextEndKey", kv.StrKey(s.nextEndKey)),
 		zap.Bool("reverse", s.reverse),
 		zap.Uint64("txnStartTS", s.startTS()))
-	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(s.snapshot.store.GetRegionCache(), s.snapshot.store.GetTiKVClient())
+	sender := locate.NewRegionRequestSender(s.snapshot.store.GetRegionCache(), s.snapshot.store.GetTiKVClient(), s.snapshot.store.GetOracle())
 	var reqEndKey, reqStartKey []byte
 	var loc *locate.KeyLocation
 	var resolvingRecordToken *int
diff --git a/util/execdetails.go b/util/execdetails.go
index b49298d..74f3d2c 100644
--- a/util/execdetails.go
+++ b/util/execdetails.go
@@ -337,6 +337,19 @@ type ExecDetails struct {
 	BackoffDuration    int64
 	WaitKVRespDuration int64
 	WaitPDRespDuration int64
+	TrafficDetails
+}
+
+// TrafficDetails contains traffic detail info.
+type TrafficDetails struct {
+	UnpackedBytesSentKVTotal          int64
+	UnpackedBytesReceivedKVTotal      int64
+	UnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone      int64
+	UnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone  int64
+	UnpackedBytesSentMPPTotal         int64
+	UnpackedBytesReceivedMPPTotal     int64
+	UnpackedBytesSentMPPCrossZone     int64
+	UnpackedBytesReceivedMPPCrossZone int64
 }
 
 // FormatDuration uses to format duration, this function will prune precision before format duration.


Test patch:
diff --git a/integration_tests/1pc_test.go b/integration_tests/1pc_test.go
index de4db18..c69bbdb 100644
--- a/integration_tests/1pc_test.go
+++ b/integration_tests/1pc_test.go
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ func (s *testOnePCSuite) Test1PC() {
 	s.Equal(txn.GetCommitter().GetOnePCCommitTS(), txn.GetCommitter().GetCommitTS())
 	s.Greater(txn.GetCommitter().GetOnePCCommitTS(), txn.StartTS())
 	// Check keys are committed with the same version
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS(), k3, v3)
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS(), k4, v4)
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS(), k5, v5)
-	s.mustGetNoneFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS()-1, k3)
-	s.mustGetNoneFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS()-1, k4)
-	s.mustGetNoneFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS()-1, k5)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS(), k3, v3)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS(), k4, v4)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS(), k5, v5)
+	s.mustGetNoneFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS()-1, k3)
+	s.mustGetNoneFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS()-1, k4)
+	s.mustGetNoneFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS()-1, k5)
 
 	// Overwriting in MVCC
 	v5New := []byte("v5new")
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ func (s *testOnePCSuite) Test1PC() {
 	s.True(txn.GetCommitter().IsOnePC())
 	s.Equal(txn.GetCommitter().GetOnePCCommitTS(), txn.GetCommitter().GetCommitTS())
 	s.Greater(txn.GetCommitter().GetOnePCCommitTS(), txn.StartTS())
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS(), k5, v5New)
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS()-1, k5, v5)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS(), k5, v5New)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS()-1, k5, v5)
 
 	// Check all keys
 	keys := [][]byte{k1, k2, k3, k4, k5}
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ func (s *testOnePCSuite) Test1PCIsolation() {
 	s.mustGetFromTxn(txn2, k, v1)
 	s.Nil(txn2.Rollback())
 
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS(), k, v2)
-	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS()-1, k, v1)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS(), k, v2)
+	s.mustGetFromSnapshot(txn.CommitTS()-1, k, v1)
 }
 
 func (s *testOnePCSuite) Test1PCDisallowMultiRegion() {
diff --git a/integration_tests/2pc_test.go b/integration_tests/2pc_test.go
index 08de42e..fec8cfb 100644
--- a/integration_tests/2pc_test.go
+++ b/integration_tests/2pc_test.go
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ func (s *testCommitterSuite) TestPessimisticLockAllowLockWithConflict() {
 			txn.StartAggressiveLocking()
 
 			s.Nil(txn0.Commit(context.Background()))
-			s.Greater(txn0.GetCommitTS(), txn.StartTS())
+			s.Greater(txn0.CommitTS(), txn.StartTS())
 
 			lockCtx := &kv.LockCtx{ForUpdateTS: txn.StartTS(), WaitStartTime: time.Now()}
 			if checkExistence {
@@ -1087,9 +1087,9 @@ func (s *testCommitterSuite) TestPessimisticLockAllowLockWithConflict() {
 			}
 			s.Nil(txn.LockKeys(context.Background(), lockCtx, key))
 
-			s.Equal(txn0.GetCommitTS(), lockCtx.MaxLockedWithConflictTS)
+			s.Equal(txn0.CommitTS(), lockCtx.MaxLockedWithConflictTS)
 			v := lockCtx.Values[string(key)]
-			s.Equal(txn0.GetCommitTS(), v.LockedWithConflictTS)
+			s.Equal(txn0.CommitTS(), v.LockedWithConflictTS)
 			s.True(v.Exists)
 			s.Equal(value, v.Value)
 
@@ -1269,12 +1269,12 @@ func (s *testCommitterSuite) TestAggressiveLockingInsert() {
 	s.IsType(errors.Cause(err), &tikverr.ErrWriteConflict{})
 	lockCtx = &kv.LockCtx{ForUpdateTS: txn.StartTS(), WaitStartTime: time.Now()}
 	s.NoError(insertPessimisticLock(lockCtx, "k8"))
-	s.Equal(txn2.GetCommitTS(), lockCtx.MaxLockedWithConflictTS)
-	s.Equal(txn2.GetCommitTS(), lockCtx.Values["k8"].LockedWithConflictTS)
+	s.Equal(txn2.CommitTS(), lockCtx.MaxLockedWithConflictTS)
+	s.Equal(txn2.CommitTS(), lockCtx.Values["k8"].LockedWithConflictTS)
 	// Update forUpdateTS to simulate a pessimistic retry.
 	newForUpdateTS, err := s.store.CurrentTimestamp(oracle.GlobalTxnScope)
 	s.Nil(err)
-	s.GreaterOrEqual(newForUpdateTS, txn2.GetCommitTS())
+	s.GreaterOrEqual(newForUpdateTS, txn2.CommitTS())
 	lockCtx = &kv.LockCtx{ForUpdateTS: newForUpdateTS, WaitStartTime: time.Now()}
 	mustAlreadyExist(insertPessimisticLock(lockCtx, "k7"))
 	s.NoError(insertPessimisticLock(lockCtx, "k8"))
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ func (s *testCommitterSuite) TestAggressiveLockingLockOnlyIfExists() {
 	txn0 := s.begin()
 	s.NoError(txn0.Set([]byte("k1"), []byte("v1")))
 	s.NoError(txn0.Commit(context.Background()))
-	txn0CommitTS := txn0.GetCommitTS()
+	txn0CommitTS := txn0.CommitTS()
 
 	txn.StartAggressiveLocking()
 	lockCtx := &kv.LockCtx{ForUpdateTS: txn.StartTS(), WaitStartTime: time.Now(), ReturnValues: true, LockOnlyIfExists: true}
@@ -1312,7 +1312,7 @@ func (s *testCommitterSuite) TestAggressiveLockingLockOnlyIfExists() {
 	txn0 = s.begin()
 	s.NoError(txn0.Delete([]byte("k1")))
 	s.NoError(txn0.Commit(context.Background()))
-	txn0CommitTS = txn0.GetCommitTS()
+	txn0CommitTS = txn0.CommitTS()
 
 	txn.StartAggressiveLocking()
 	lockCtx = &kv.LockCtx{ForUpdateTS: txn.StartTS(), WaitStartTime: time.Now(), ReturnValues: true, LockOnlyIfExists: true}
@@ -1461,13 +1461,13 @@ func (s *testCommitterSuite) TestAggressiveLockingLoadValueOptionChanges() {
 		s.NoError(txn.LockKeys(context.Background(), lockCtx, []byte("k2")))
 
 		if firstAttemptLockedWithConflict {
-			s.Equal(txn2.GetCommitTS(), lockCtx.MaxLockedWithConflictTS)
-			s.Equal(txn2.GetCommitTS(), lockCtx.Values["k1"].LockedWithConflictTS)
-			s.Equal(txn2.GetCommitTS(), lockCtx.Values["k2"].LockedWithConflictTS)
+			s.Equal(txn2.CommitTS(), lockCtx.MaxLockedWithConflictTS)
+			s.Equal(txn2.CommitTS(), lockCtx.Values["k1"].LockedWithConflictTS)
+			s.Equal(txn2.CommitTS(), lockCtx.Values["k2"].LockedWithConflictTS)
 		}
 
 		if firstAttemptLockedWithConflict {
-			forUpdateTS = txn2.GetCommitTS() + 1
+			forUpdateTS = txn2.CommitTS() + 1
 		} else {
 			forUpdateTS++
 		}
diff --git a/integration_tests/assertion_test.go b/integration_tests/assertion_test.go
index 73f901b..f5699d5 100644
--- a/integration_tests/assertion_test.go
+++ b/integration_tests/assertion_test.go
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ func (s *testAssertionSuite) testAssertionImpl(keyPrefix string, pessimistic boo
 	err = prepareTxn.Commit(context.Background())
 	s.Nil(err)
 	prepareStartTS := prepareTxn.GetCommitter().GetStartTS()
-	prepareCommitTS := prepareTxn.GetCommitTS()
+	prepareCommitTS := prepareTxn.CommitTS()
 
 	// A helper to perform a complete transaction. When multiple keys are passed in, assertion will be set on only
 	// the last key.
diff --git a/integration_tests/async_commit_test.go b/integration_tests/async_commit_test.go
index 5410984..4c478f4 100644
--- a/integration_tests/async_commit_test.go
+++ b/integration_tests/async_commit_test.go
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ func (s *testAsyncCommitCommon) putKV(key, value []byte, enableAsyncCommit bool)
 	s.Nil(err)
 	err = txn.Commit(context.Background())
 	s.Nil(err)
-	return txn.StartTS(), txn.GetCommitTS()
+	return txn.StartTS(), txn.CommitTS()
 }
 
 func (s *testAsyncCommitCommon) mustGetFromTxn(txn transaction.TxnProbe, key, expectedValue []byte) {
@@ -440,8 +440,8 @@ func (s *testAsyncCommitSuite) TestAsyncCommitLinearizability() {
 	s.Nil(err)
 	err = t1.Commit(ctx)
 	s.Nil(err)
-	commitTS1 := t1.GetCommitTS()
-	commitTS2 := t2.GetCommitTS()
+	commitTS1 := t1.CommitTS()
+	commitTS2 := t2.CommitTS()
 	s.Less(commitTS2, commitTS1)
 }
 
diff --git a/integration_tests/go.mod b/integration_tests/go.mod
index 48d623f..b116890 100644
--- a/integration_tests/go.mod
+++ b/integration_tests/go.mod
@@ -1,32 +1,30 @@
 module integration_tests
 
-go 1.23
+go 1.23.4
 
 require (
 	github.com/ninedraft/israce v0.0.3
 	github.com/pingcap/errors v0.11.5-0.20240318064555-6bd07397691f
-	github.com/pingcap/failpoint v0.0.0-20240527053858-9b3b6e34194a
-	github.com/pingcap/kvproto v0.0.0-20241113043844-e1fa7ea8c302
+	github.com/pingcap/failpoint v0.0.0-20240528011301-b51a646c7c86
+	github.com/pingcap/kvproto v0.0.0-20241120022153-92b0414aeed8
 	github.com/pingcap/tidb v1.1.0-beta.0.20240703042657-230bbc2ef5ef
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.14.1
-	github.com/tikv/client-go/v2 v2.0.8-0.20240626064248-4a72526f6c30
+	github.com/tikv/client-go/v2 v2.0.8-0.20241120024459-05d115b3e88b
 	github.com/tikv/pd/client v0.0.0-20241111073742-238d4d79ea31
 	go.uber.org/goleak v1.3.0
 )
 
 require (
 	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
-	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c // indirect
 	github.com/HdrHistogram/hdrhistogram-go v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/asaskevich/govalidator v0.0.0-20230301143203-a9d515a09cc2 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.14.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudfoundry/gosigar v1.3.6 // indirect
-	github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.11.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20230118201751-21c54148d20b // indirect
-	github.com/cockroachdb/redact v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/coocood/bbloom v0.0.0-20190830030839-58deb6228d64 // indirect
 	github.com/coocood/freecache v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/coocood/rtutil v0.0.0-20190304133409-c84515f646f2 // indirect
@@ -39,7 +37,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dolthub/maphash v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dolthub/swiss v0.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/getsentry/sentry-go v0.27.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
@@ -48,40 +45,39 @@ require (
 	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/influxdata/tdigest v0.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/jellydator/ttlcache/v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.7 // indirect
+	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.9 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20230326075908-cb1d2100619a // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
+	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/ncw/directio v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/ngaut/pools v0.0.0-20180318154953-b7bc8c42aac7 // indirect
 	github.com/ngaut/sync2 v0.0.0-20141008032647-7a24ed77b2ef // indirect
 	github.com/opentracing/basictracer-go v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20231207134359-e60b3f734c67 // indirect
-	github.com/pingcap/badger v1.5.1-0.20230103063557-828f39b09b6d // indirect
+	github.com/petermattis/goid v0.0.0-20240813172612-4fcff4a6cae7 // indirect
+	github.com/pingcap/badger v1.5.1-0.20241015064302-38533b6cbf8d // indirect
 	github.com/pingcap/goleveldb v0.0.0-20191226122134-f82aafb29989 // indirect
 	github.com/pingcap/log v1.1.1-0.20240314023424-862ccc32f18d // indirect
 	github.com/pingcap/sysutil v1.0.1-0.20241113070546-23b50de46fd3 // indirect
 	github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser v0.0.0-20240703042657-230bbc2ef5ef // indirect
-	github.com/pingcap/tipb v0.0.0-20240318032315-55a7867ddd50 // indirect
+	github.com/pingcap/tipb v0.0.0-20241105053214-f91fdb81a69e // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20221212215047-62379fc7944b // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.20.5 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.55.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.57.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/qri-io/jsonpointer v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/qri-io/jsonschema v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/remyoudompheng/bigfft v0.0.0-20230129092748-24d4a6f8daec // indirect
-	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.12.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sasha-s/go-deadlock v0.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3 v3.24.4 // indirect
+	github.com/sasha-s/go-deadlock v0.3.5 // indirect
+	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3 v3.24.5 // indirect
 	github.com/shoenig/go-m1cpu v0.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/tiancaiamao/gp v0.0.0-20221230034425-4025bc8a4d4a // indirect
@@ -99,14 +95,14 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240404231335-c0f41cb1a7a0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.29.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240909161429-701f63a606c0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.31.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.9.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.20.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.7.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.27.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20240318140521-94a12d6c2237 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240515191416-fc5f0ca64291 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.63.2 // indirect
@@ -121,3 +117,7 @@ replace (
 
 	github.com/tikv/client-go/v2 => ../
 )
+
+replace github.com/pingcap/tidb => github.com/MyonKeminta/tidb v1.1.0-alpha.1.0.20241206091441-d8254eef1420
+
+replace github.com/pingcap/tidb/pkg/parser => github.com/MyonKeminta/tidb/pkg/parser v0.0.0-20241206091441-d8254eef1420
diff --git a/integration_tests/go.sum b/integration_tests/go.sum
index 9e93f55..f7f82ed 100644
--- a/integration_tests/go.sum
+++ b/integration_tests/go.sum
@@ -462,6 +462,8 @@ cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.11.0/go.mod h1:hwdiYC0xjnWsKQQCQQmIQnS9asjYVSK6jtXm+z
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.12.1/go.mod h1:c9J991h5DTl+kg7gi3MYomh12YEENGrf48ee/N/2CDM=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.15.0/go.mod h1:c9J991h5DTl+kg7gi3MYomh12YEENGrf48ee/N/2CDM=
 cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.15.2/go.mod h1:3hopT4+7ooWRCjc2DxgnpESFxhIraaI2IpAVUEhbT/w=
+cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.15.7 h1:7caV9K3yIxvlQPAcaFffhlT7d1qpxjB1wHBtjWa13SM=
+cloud.google.com/go/kms v1.15.7/go.mod h1:ub54lbsa6tDkUwnu4W7Yt1aAIFLnspgh0kPGToDukeI=
 cloud.google.com/go/language v1.4.0/go.mod h1:F9dRpNFQmJbkaop6g0JhSBXCNlO90e1KWx5iDdxbWic=
 cloud.google.com/go/language v1.6.0/go.mod h1:6dJ8t3B+lUYfStgls25GusK04NLh3eDLQnWM3mdEbhI=
 cloud.google.com/go/language v1.7.0/go.mod h1:DJ6dYN/W+SQOjF8e1hLQXMF21AkH2w9wiPzPCJa2MIE=
@@ -831,8 +833,8 @@ github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358/go.mod h1:chxPXzS
 github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.2 h1:XHOnouVk1mxXfQidrMEnLlPk9UMeRtyBTnEFtxkV0kU=
 github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-go v1.2.2/go.mod h1:wP83P5OoQ5p6ip3ScPr0BAq0BvuPAvacpEuSzyouqAI=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0 h1:kuoIxZQy2WRRk1pttg9asf+WVv6tWQuBNVmK8+nqPr0=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.0/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c h1:pxW6RcqyfI9/kWtOwnv/G+AzdKuy2ZrqINhenH4HyNs=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.4.1-0.20240526193622-a339e1f7089c/go.mod h1:ukJfTF/6rtPPRCnwkur4qwRxa8vTRFBF0uk2lLoLwho=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
 github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.5 h1:oWf5W7GtOLgp6bciQYDmhHHjdhYkALu6S/5Ni9ZgSvQ=
 github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.5/go.mod h1:g4AWEaM3yOg3HYfnJ3YIawPnVdXJh9QME85blwSAmyw=
@@ -841,6 +843,10 @@ github.com/HdrHistogram/hdrhistogram-go v1.1.2/go.mod h1:yDgFjdqOqDEKOvasDdhWNXY
 github.com/JohnCGriffin/overflow v0.0.0-20211019200055-46fa312c352c/go.mod h1:X0CRv0ky0k6m906ixxpzmDRLvX58TFUKS2eePweuyxk=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0 h1:H65muMkzWKEuNDnfl9d70GUjFniHKHRbFPGBuZ3QEww=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver v1.5.0/go.mod h1:MB6lktGJrhw8PrUyiEoblNEGEQ+RzHPF078ddwwvV3Y=
+github.com/MyonKeminta/tidb v1.1.0-alpha.1.0.20241206091441-d8254eef1420 h1:6XEvCz7qEEU5bQxmvaqyvUbbRcoUKJy/kx7Lau7C6Y0=
+github.com/MyonKeminta/tidb v1.1.0-alpha.1.0.20241206091441-d8254eef1420/go.mod h1:i0EIeFIL9EodlywrvfHoFIBjoV2MtxglWTTercdWw9I=
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@@ -1294,6 +1301,7 @@ github.com/minio/c2goasm v0.0.0-20190812172519-36a3d3bbc4f3 h1:+n/aFZefKZp7spd8D
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@@ -1466,9 +1469,8 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.1/go.mod h1:w2LPCIKwWwSfY2zedu0+kehJoqGctiVI29o6fzry7u4=
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-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0 h1:HtqpIVDClZ4nwg75+f6Lvsy/wHu+3BoSGCbBAcpTsTg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
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 github.com/tiancaiamao/appdash v0.0.0-20181126055449-889f96f722a2 h1:mbAskLJ0oJfDRtkanvQPiooDH8HvJ2FBh+iKT/OmiQQ=
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@@ -1615,8 +1617,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.10.0/go.mod h1:o4eNf7Ede1fv+hwOwZsTHl9EsPFO6q6ZvYR8vYfY45
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0/go.mod h1:xgJhtzW8F9jGdVFWZESrid1U1bjeNy4zgy5cRr/CIio=
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 golang.org/x/crypto v0.14.0/go.mod h1:MVFd36DqK4CsrnJYDkBA3VC4m2GkXAM0PvzMCn4JQf4=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0 h1:mnl8DM0o513X8fdIkmyFE/5hTYxbwYOjDS/+rK6qpRI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.24.0/go.mod h1:Z1PMYSOR5nyMcyAVAIQSKCDwalqy85Aqn1x3Ws4L5DM=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.29.0 h1:L5SG1JTTXupVV3n6sUqMTeWbjAyfPwoda2DLX8J8FrQ=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.29.0/go.mod h1:+F4F4N5hv6v38hfeYwTdx20oUvLLc+QfrE9Ax9HtgRg=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20180321215751-8460e604b9de/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20180807140117-3d87b88a115f/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
@@ -1632,8 +1634,8 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200119233911-0405dc783f0a/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u0
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200207192155-f17229e696bd/go.mod h1:J/WKrq2StrnmMY6+EHIKF9dgMWnmCNThgcyBT1FY9mM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200224162631-6cc2880d07d6/go.mod h1:3jZMyOhIsHpP37uCMkUooju7aAi5cS1Q23tOzKc+0MU=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20220827204233-334a2380cb91/go.mod h1:cyybsKvd6eL0RnXn6p/Grxp8F5bW7iYuBgsNCOHpMYE=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240404231335-c0f41cb1a7a0 h1:985EYyeCOxTpcgOTJpflJUwOeEz0CQOdPt73OzpE9F8=
-golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240404231335-c0f41cb1a7a0/go.mod h1:/lliqkxwWAhPjf5oSOIJup2XcqJaw8RGS6k3TGEc7GI=
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+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240909161429-701f63a606c0/go.mod h1:2TbTHSBQa924w8M6Xs1QcRcFwyucIwBGpK1p2f1YFFY=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20180708004352-c73c2afc3b81/go.mod h1:ux5Hcp/YLpHSI86hEcLt0YII63i6oz57MZXIpbrjZUs=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190227222117-0694c2d4d067/go.mod h1:kZ7UVZpmo3dzQBMxlp+ypCbDeSB+sBbTgSJuh5dn5js=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190802002840-cff245a6509b/go.mod h1:FeLwcggjj3mMvU+oOTbSwawSJRM1uh48EjtB4UJZlP0=
@@ -1678,8 +1680,8 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.8.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.9.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.10.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.11.0/go.mod h1:iBbtSCu2XBx23ZKBPSOrRkjjQPZFPuis4dIYUhu/chs=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0 h1:5+9lSbEzPSdWkH32vYPBwEpX8KwDbM52Ud9xBUvNlb0=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.18.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.22.0 h1:D4nJWe9zXqHOmWqj4VMOJhvzj7bEZg4wEYa759z1pH4=
+golang.org/x/mod v0.22.0/go.mod h1:6SkKJ3Xj0I0BrPOZoBy3bdMptDDU9oJrpohJ3eWZ1fY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190108225652-1e06a53dbb7e/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -1745,8 +1747,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.11.0/go.mod h1:2L/ixqYpgIVXmeoSA/4Lu7BzTG4KIyPIryS4IsOd1oQ=
 golang.org/x/net v0.12.0/go.mod h1:zEVYFnQC7m/vmpQFELhcD1EWkZlX69l4oqgmer6hfKA=
 golang.org/x/net v0.14.0/go.mod h1:PpSgVXXLK0OxS0F31C1/tv6XNguvCrnXIDrFMspZIUI=
 golang.org/x/net v0.17.0/go.mod h1:NxSsAGuq816PNPmqtQdLE42eU2Fs7NoRIZrHJAlaCOE=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0 h1:soB7SVo0PWrY4vPW/+ay0jKDNScG2X9wFeYlXIvJsOQ=
-golang.org/x/net v0.26.0/go.mod h1:5YKkiSynbBIh3p6iOc/vibscux0x38BZDkn8sCUPxHE=
+golang.org/x/net v0.31.0 h1:68CPQngjLL0r2AlUKiSxtQFKvzRVbnzLwMUn5SzcLHo=
+golang.org/x/net v0.31.0/go.mod h1:P4fl1q7dY2hnZFxEk4pPSkDHF+QqjitcnDjUQyMM+pM=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20180821212333-d2e6202438be/go.mod h1:N/0e6XlmueqKjAGxoOufVs8QHGRruUQn6yWY3a++T0U=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190226205417-e64efc72b421/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.0.0-20190604053449-0f29369cfe45/go.mod h1:gOpvHmFTYa4IltrdGE7lF6nIHvwfUNPOp7c8zoXwtLw=
@@ -1779,8 +1781,8 @@ golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.7.0/go.mod h1:hPLQkd9LyjfXTiRohC/41GhcFqxisoUQ99sCUOHO9x4
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.8.0/go.mod h1:yr7u4HXZRm1R1kBWqr/xKNqewf0plRYoB7sla+BCIXE=
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 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.11.0/go.mod h1:LdF7O/8bLR/qWK9DrpXmbHLTouvRHK0SgJl0GmDBchk=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0 h1:tsimM75w1tF/uws5rbeHzIWxEqElMehnc+iW793zsZs=
-golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.21.0/go.mod h1:XYTD2NtWslqkgxebSiOHnXEap4TF09sJSc7H1sXbhtI=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.23.0 h1:PbgcYx2W7i4LvjJWEbf0ngHV6qJYr86PkAV3bXdLEbs=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.23.0/go.mod h1:XYTD2NtWslqkgxebSiOHnXEap4TF09sJSc7H1sXbhtI=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20180314180146-1d60e4601c6f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181221193216-37e7f081c4d4/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -1799,8 +1801,8 @@ golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20220929204114-8fcdb60fdcc0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJ
 golang.org/x/sync v0.1.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.2.0/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.3.0/go.mod h1:FU7BRWz2tNW+3quACPkgCx/L+uEAv1htQ0V83Z9Rj+Y=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0 h1:YsImfSBoP9QPYL0xyKJPq0gcaJdG3rInoqxTWbfQu9M=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.7.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.9.0 h1:fEo0HyrW1GIgZdpbhCRO0PkJajUS5H9IFUztCgEo2jQ=
+golang.org/x/sync v0.9.0/go.mod h1:Czt+wKu1gCyEFDUtn0jG5QVvpJ6rzVqr5aXyt9drQfk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180830151530-49385e6e1522/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181205085412-a5c9d58dba9a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
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@@ -1891,9 +1893,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.9.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.11.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.13.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0 h1:rF+pYz3DAGSQAxAu1CbC7catZg4ebC4UIeIhKxBZvws=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0 h1:wBqf8DvsY9Y/2P8gAfPDEYNuS30J4lPHJxXSb/nJZ+s=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.27.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210927222741-03fcf44c2211/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
 golang.org/x/term v0.1.0/go.mod h1:jbD1KX2456YbFQfuXm/mYQcufACuNUgVhRMnK/tPxf8=
@@ -1908,8 +1909,8 @@ golang.org/x/term v0.9.0/go.mod h1:M6DEAAIenWoTxdKrOltXcmDY3rSplQUkrvaDU5FcQyo=
 golang.org/x/term v0.10.0/go.mod h1:lpqdcUyK/oCiQxvxVrppt5ggO2KCZ5QblwqPnfZ6d5o=
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 golang.org/x/term v0.13.0/go.mod h1:LTmsnFJwVN6bCy1rVCoS+qHT1HhALEFxKncY3WNNh4U=
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-golang.org/x/term v0.21.0/go.mod h1:ooXLefLobQVslOqselCNF4SxFAaoS6KujMbsGzSDmX0=
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+golang.org/x/term v0.26.0/go.mod h1:Si5m1o57C5nBNQo5z1iq+XDijt21BDBDp2bK0QI8e3E=
 golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20170915032832-14c0d48ead0c/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
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@@ -1930,16 +1931,16 @@ golang.org/x/text v0.10.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
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-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0 h1:a94ExnEXNtEwYLGJSIUxnWoxoRz/ZcCsV63ROupILh4=
-golang.org/x/text v0.16.0/go.mod h1:GhwF1Be+LQoKShO3cGOHzqOgRrGaYc9AvblQOmPVHnI=
+golang.org/x/text v0.20.0 h1:gK/Kv2otX8gz+wn7Rmb3vT96ZwuoxnQlY+HlJVj7Qug=
+golang.org/x/text v0.20.0/go.mod h1:D4IsuqiFMhST5bX19pQ9ikHC2GsaKyk/oF+pn3ducp4=
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 golang.org/x/time v0.3.0/go.mod h1:tRJNPiyCQ0inRvYxbN9jk5I+vvW/OXSQhTDSoE431IQ=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0 h1:o7cqy6amK/52YcAKIPlM3a+Fpj35zvRj2TP+e1xFSfk=
-golang.org/x/time v0.5.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
+golang.org/x/time v0.7.0 h1:ntUhktv3OPE6TgYxXWv9vKvUSJyIFJlyohwbkEwPrKQ=
+golang.org/x/time v0.7.0/go.mod h1:3BpzKBy/shNhVucY/MWOyx10tF3SFh9QdLuxbVysPQM=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180221164845-07fd8470d635/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
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 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
@@ -1992,7 +1993,6 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200825202427-b303f430e36d/go.mod h1:njjCfa9FT2d7l9Bc
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20200904185747-39188db58858/go.mod h1:Cj7w3i3Rnn0Xh82ur9kSqwfTHTeVxaDqrfMjpcNT6bE=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201110124207-079ba7bd75cd/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201124115921-2c860bdd6e78/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201125231158-b5590deeca9b/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201201161351-ac6f37ff4c2a/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20201208233053-a543418bbed2/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20210105154028-b0ab187a4818/go.mod h1:emZCQorbCU4vsT4fOWvOPXz4eW1wZW4PmDk9uLelYpA=
@@ -2012,8 +2012,8 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.7.0/go.mod h1:4pg6aUX35JBAogB10C9AtvVL+qowtN4pT3CGSQex14s=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.8.0/go.mod h1:JxBZ99ISMI5ViVkT1tr6tdNmXeTrcpVSD3vZ1RsRdN4=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.9.1/go.mod h1:owI94Op576fPu3cIGQeHs3joujW/2Oc6MtlxbF5dfNc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.10.0/go.mod h1:UJwyiVBsOA2uwvK/e5OY3GTpDUJriEd+/YlqAwLPmyM=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0 h1:gqSGLZqv+AI9lIQzniJ0nZDRG5GBPsSi+DRNHWNz6yA=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.22.0/go.mod h1:aCwcsjqvq7Yqt6TNyX7QMU2enbQ/Gt0bo6krSeEri+c=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.27.0 h1:qEKojBykQkQ4EynWy4S8Weg69NumxKdn40Fce3uc/8o=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.27.0/go.mod h1:sUi0ZgbwW9ZPAq26Ekut+weQPR5eIM6GQLQ1Yjm1H0Q=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -2395,10 +2395,10 @@ honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.3/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2020.1.4/go.mod h1:X/FiERA/W4tHapMX5mGpAtMSVEeEUOyHaw9vFzvIQ3k=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.1.3/go.mod h1:NgwopIslSNH47DimFoV78dnkksY2EFtX0ajyb3K/las=
-k8s.io/api v0.28.6 h1:yy6u9CuIhmg55YvF/BavPBBXB+5QicB64njJXxVnzLo=
-k8s.io/api v0.28.6/go.mod h1:AM6Ys6g9MY3dl/XNaNfg/GePI0FT7WBGu8efU/lirAo=
-k8s.io/apimachinery v0.28.6 h1:RsTeR4z6S07srPg6XYrwXpTJVMXsjPXn0ODakMytSW0=
-k8s.io/apimachinery v0.28.6/go.mod h1:QFNX/kCl/EMT2WTSz8k4WLCv2XnkOLMaL8GAVRMdpsA=
+k8s.io/api v0.29.11 h1:6FwDo33f1WX5Yu0RQTX9YAd3wth8Ik0B4SXQKsoQfbk=
+k8s.io/api v0.29.11/go.mod h1:3TDAW1OpFbz/Yx5r0W06b6eiAfHEwtH61VYDzpTU4Ng=
+k8s.io/apimachinery v0.29.11 h1:55+6ue9advpA7T0sX2ZJDHCLKuiFfrAAR/39VQN9KEQ=
+k8s.io/apimachinery v0.29.11/go.mod h1:i3FJVwhvSp/6n8Fl4K97PJEP8C+MM+aoDq4+ZJBf70Y=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.120.1 h1:QXU6cPEOIslTGvZaXvFWiP9VKyeet3sawzTOvdXb4Vw=
 k8s.io/klog/v2 v2.120.1/go.mod h1:3Jpz1GvMt720eyJH1ckRHK1EDfpxISzJ7I9OYgaDtPE=
 k8s.io/utils v0.0.0-20230726121419-3b25d923346b h1:sgn3ZU783SCgtaSJjpcVVlRqd6GSnlTLKgpAAttJvpI=
diff --git a/integration_tests/isolation_test.go b/integration_tests/isolation_test.go
index 254fb45..f8fcadf 100644
--- a/integration_tests/isolation_test.go
+++ b/integration_tests/isolation_test.go
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (s *testIsolationSuite) SetWithRetry(k, v []byte) writeRecord {
 		if err == nil {
 			return writeRecord{
 				startTS:  txn.StartTS(),
-				commitTS: txn.GetCommitTS(),
+				commitTS: txn.CommitTS(),
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/integration_tests/lock_test.go b/integration_tests/lock_test.go
index 65d0426..0019027 100644
--- a/integration_tests/lock_test.go
+++ b/integration_tests/lock_test.go
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ func (s *testLockSuite) putKV(key, value []byte) (uint64, uint64) {
 	s.Nil(err)
 	err = txn.Commit(context.Background())
 	s.Nil(err)
-	return txn.StartTS(), txn.GetCommitTS()
+	return txn.StartTS(), txn.CommitTS()
 }
 
 func (s *testLockSuite) prepareAlphabetLocks() {
@@ -1311,7 +1311,7 @@ func (s *testLockWithTiKVSuite) TestPrewriteCheckForUpdateTS() {
 			info := simulatedTxn.GetAggressiveLockingKeysInfo()
 			s.Equal(1, len(info))
 			s.Equal(k1, info[0].Key())
-			s.Equal(txn2.GetCommitTS(), info[0].ActualLockForUpdateTS())
+			s.Equal(txn2.CommitTS(), info[0].ActualLockForUpdateTS())
 
 			simulatedTxn.DoneAggressiveLocking(context.Background())
 			defer func() {
@@ -1324,12 +1324,12 @@ func (s *testLockWithTiKVSuite) TestPrewriteCheckForUpdateTS() {
 		s.Error(err)
 		s.Regexp("[pP]essimistic ?[lL]ock ?[nN]ot ?[fF]ound", err.Error())
 
-		snapshot := s.store.GetSnapshot(txn2.GetCommitTS())
+		snapshot := s.store.GetSnapshot(txn2.CommitTS())
 		v, err := snapshot.Get(context.Background(), k1)
 		s.NoError(err)
 		s.Equal(v2, v)
 
-		snapshot = s.store.GetSnapshot(txn2.GetCommitTS() - 1)
+		snapshot = s.store.GetSnapshot(txn2.CommitTS() - 1)
 		_, err = snapshot.Get(context.Background(), k1)
 		s.Equal(tikverr.ErrNotExist, err)
 
@@ -1369,7 +1369,7 @@ func (s *testLockWithTiKVSuite) TestPrewriteCheckForUpdateTS() {
 
 		s.NoError(txn.Commit(ctx))
 
-		snapshot = s.store.GetSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS())
+		snapshot = s.store.GetSnapshot(txn.CommitTS())
 		v, err = snapshot.Get(context.Background(), k2)
 		s.NoError(err)
 		s.Equal(v1, v)
@@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ func (s *testLockWithTiKVSuite) TestPrewriteCheckForUpdateTS() {
 		s.NoError(err)
 		s.Equal(v1, v)
 
-		snapshot = s.store.GetSnapshot(txn.GetCommitTS() - 1)
+		snapshot = s.store.GetSnapshot(txn.CommitTS() - 1)
 		v, err = snapshot.Get(context.Background(), k2)
 		s.NoError(err)
 		s.Equal(v2, v)
diff --git a/internal/client/metrics_collector_test.go b/internal/client/metrics_collector_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5fda80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/client/metrics_collector_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Copyright 2024 TiKV Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package client
+
+import (
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pingcap/kvproto/pkg/kvrpcpb"
+	dto "github.com/prometheus/client_model/go"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/kv"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/metrics"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/util"
+)
+
+func TestNetworkCollectorOnReq(t *testing.T) {
+	// Initialize the collector and dependencies
+	collector := &networkCollector{}
+
+	// Create a mock request
+	// Construct requests
+	reqs := []*tikvrpc.Request{
+		tikvrpc.NewRequest(
+			tikvrpc.CmdGet,
+			&kvrpcpb.GetRequest{Key: []byte("key")},
+			kvrpcpb.Context{
+				BusyThresholdMs: 50,
+			},
+		),
+		tikvrpc.NewReplicaReadRequest(
+			tikvrpc.CmdGet,
+			&kvrpcpb.GetRequest{Key: []byte("key")},
+			kv.ReplicaReadFollower,
+			nil,
+			kvrpcpb.Context{
+				StaleRead: true,
+			},
+		),
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		expectUnpackedBytesSentKV          int64
+		expectUnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone int64
+		req                                *tikvrpc.Request
+	}{
+		{
+			expectUnpackedBytesSentKV:          8,
+			expectUnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone: 0,
+			req:                                reqs[0],
+		},
+		{
+			expectUnpackedBytesSentKV:          18,
+			expectUnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone: 0,
+			req:                                reqs[1],
+		},
+	}
+
+	details := &util.ExecDetails{}
+
+	for _, cas := range testCases {
+		// Call the method
+		cas.req.AccessLocation = kv.AccessLocalZone
+		collector.onReq(cas.req, details)
+
+		// Verify metrics
+		assert.Equal(t, cas.expectUnpackedBytesSentKV, atomic.LoadInt64(&details.UnpackedBytesSentKVTotal), "Total bytes mismatch")
+		assert.Equal(t, cas.expectUnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone, atomic.LoadInt64(&details.UnpackedBytesSentKVCrossZone), "Cross-zone bytes mismatch")
+		beforeMetric := dto.Metric{}
+		// Verify stale-read metrics
+		if cas.req.StaleRead {
+			assert.NoError(t, metrics.StaleReadLocalOutBytes.Write(&beforeMetric))
+			assert.Equal(t, float64(10), beforeMetric.GetCounter().GetValue(), "Stale-read local bytes mismatch")
+			assert.NoError(t, metrics.StaleReadReqLocalCounter.Write(&beforeMetric))
+			assert.Equal(t, float64(1), beforeMetric.GetCounter().GetValue(), "Stale-read local counter mismatch")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNetworkCollectorOnResp(t *testing.T) {
+	// Initialize the collector and dependencies
+	collector := &networkCollector{}
+
+	// Construct requests and responses
+	reqs := []*tikvrpc.Request{
+		tikvrpc.NewRequest(
+			tikvrpc.CmdGet,
+			&kvrpcpb.GetRequest{Key: []byte("key")},
+			kvrpcpb.Context{},
+		),
+		tikvrpc.NewReplicaReadRequest(
+			tikvrpc.CmdGet,
+			&kvrpcpb.GetRequest{Key: []byte("key")},
+			kv.ReplicaReadFollower,
+			nil,
+			kvrpcpb.Context{
+				StaleRead: true,
+			},
+		),
+	}
+
+	resps := []*tikvrpc.Response{
+		{
+			Resp: &kvrpcpb.GetResponse{Value: []byte("value")},
+		},
+		{
+			Resp: &kvrpcpb.GetResponse{Value: []byte("stale-value")},
+		},
+	}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKV          int64
+		expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone int64
+		req                                    *tikvrpc.Request
+		resp                                   *tikvrpc.Response
+	}{
+		{
+			expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKV:          7,
+			expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone: 0,
+			req:                                    reqs[0],
+			resp:                                   resps[0],
+		},
+		{
+			expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKV:          20,
+			expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone: 0,
+			req:                                    reqs[1],
+			resp:                                   resps[1],
+		},
+	}
+
+	details := &util.ExecDetails{}
+
+	for _, cas := range testCases {
+		// Call the method
+		cas.req.AccessLocation = kv.AccessLocalZone
+		collector.onResp(cas.req, cas.resp, details)
+
+		// Verify metrics
+		assert.Equal(t, cas.expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKV, atomic.LoadInt64(&details.UnpackedBytesReceivedKVTotal), "Total bytes mismatch")
+		assert.Equal(t, cas.expectUnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone, atomic.LoadInt64(&details.UnpackedBytesReceivedKVCrossZone), "Cross-zone bytes mismatch")
+
+		// Verify stale-read metrics if applicable
+		if cas.req.StaleRead {
+			metric := dto.Metric{}
+			assert.NoError(t, metrics.StaleReadLocalInBytes.Write(&metric))
+			assert.Equal(t, float64(13), metric.GetCounter().GetValue(), "Stale-read local bytes mismatch") // Stale value size
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/locate/region_cache_test.go b/internal/locate/region_cache_test.go
index 110a321..37a17d1 100644
--- a/internal/locate/region_cache_test.go
+++ b/internal/locate/region_cache_test.go
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/apicodec"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/mockstore/mocktikv"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/kv"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
 	pd "github.com/tikv/pd/client"
 	uatomic "go.uber.org/atomic"
@@ -1333,7 +1334,7 @@ func (s *testRegionCacheSuite) TestRegionEpochOnTiFlash() {
 	s.Equal(ctxTiFlash.Peer.Id, s.peer1)
 	ctxTiFlash.Peer.Role = metapb.PeerRole_Learner
 	r := ctxTiFlash.Meta
-	reqSend := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, nil)
+	reqSend := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, nil, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	regionErr := &errorpb.Error{EpochNotMatch: &errorpb.EpochNotMatch{CurrentRegions: []*metapb.Region{r}}}
 	reqSend.onRegionError(s.bo, ctxTiFlash, nil, regionErr)
 
@@ -1970,7 +1971,7 @@ func (s *testRegionCacheSuite) TestShouldNotRetryFlashback() {
 	ctx, err := s.cache.GetTiKVRPCContext(retry.NewBackofferWithVars(context.Background(), 100, nil), loc.Region, kv.ReplicaReadLeader, 0)
 	s.NotNil(ctx)
 	s.NoError(err)
-	reqSend := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, nil)
+	reqSend := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, nil, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	shouldRetry, err := reqSend.onRegionError(s.bo, ctx, nil, &errorpb.Error{FlashbackInProgress: &errorpb.FlashbackInProgress{}})
 	s.Error(err)
 	s.False(shouldRetry)
diff --git a/internal/locate/region_request3_test.go b/internal/locate/region_request3_test.go
index aa05138..eec6e1e 100644
--- a/internal/locate/region_request3_test.go
+++ b/internal/locate/region_request3_test.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToThreeStoresSuite) SetupTest() {
 	s.cache = NewRegionCache(pdCli)
 	s.bo = retry.NewNoopBackoff(context.Background())
 	client := mocktikv.NewRPCClient(s.cluster, s.mvccStore, nil)
-	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client)
+	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 
 	s.NoError(failpoint.Enable("tikvclient/doNotRecoverStoreHealthCheckPanic", "return"))
 }
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToThreeStoresSuite) TestSwitchPeerWhenNoLeaderErrorWit
 	s.Nil(err)
 	s.NotNil(location)
 	bo := retry.NewBackoffer(context.Background(), 1000)
-	resp, _, _, err := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli).SendReqCtx(bo, req, location.Region, time.Second, tikvrpc.TiKV)
+	resp, _, _, err := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{}).SendReqCtx(bo, req, location.Region, time.Second, tikvrpc.TiKV)
 	s.Nil(err)
 	s.NotNil(resp)
 	regionErr, err := resp.GetRegionError()
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToThreeStoresSuite) loadAndGetLeaderStore() (*Store, s
 }
 
 func (s *testRegionRequestToThreeStoresSuite) TestForwarding() {
-	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, s.regionRequestSender.client)
+	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, s.regionRequestSender.client, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	sender.regionCache.enableForwarding = true
 
 	// First get the leader's addr from region cache
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToThreeStoresSuite) TestSendReqFirstTimeout() {
 	}
 	resetStats := func() {
 		reqTargetAddrs = make(map[string]struct{})
-		s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, mockRPCClient)
+		s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, mockRPCClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 		s.regionRequestSender.Stats = NewRegionRequestRuntimeStats()
 	}
 
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToThreeStoresSuite) TestStaleReadTryFollowerAfterTimeo
 		}
 		return &tikvrpc.Response{Resp: &kvrpcpb.GetResponse{Value: []byte("value")}}, nil
 	}}
-	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, mockRPCClient)
+	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, mockRPCClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	s.regionRequestSender.Stats = NewRegionRequestRuntimeStats()
 	getLocFn := func() *KeyLocation {
 		loc, err := s.regionRequestSender.regionCache.LocateKey(bo, []byte("a"))
diff --git a/internal/locate/region_request_state_test.go b/internal/locate/region_request_state_test.go
index 022fb13..a5b7280 100644
--- a/internal/locate/region_request_state_test.go
+++ b/internal/locate/region_request_state_test.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/mockstore/mocktikv"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/kv"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/metrics"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/util"
 )
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ func (s *testRegionCacheStaleReadSuite) SetupTest() {
 	s.cache = NewRegionCache(pdCli)
 	s.bo = retry.NewNoopBackoff(context.Background())
 	client := mocktikv.NewRPCClient(s.cluster, s.mvccStore, nil)
-	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client)
+	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	s.setClient()
 	s.injection = testRegionCacheFSMSuiteInjection{
 		unavailableStoreIDs: make(map[uint64]struct{}),
@@ -367,7 +368,7 @@ func TestRegionCacheStaleRead(t *testing.T) {
 			leaderRegionValid:       true,
 			leaderAsyncReload:       util.Some(false),
 			leaderSuccessReplica:    []string{"z2", "z3"},
-			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessFollowerRead,
+			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessStaleRead,
 			followerRegionValid:     true,
 			followerAsyncReload:     util.Some(false),
 			followerSuccessReplica:  []string{"z2"},
@@ -392,11 +393,11 @@ func TestRegionCacheStaleRead(t *testing.T) {
 			leaderRegionValid:       true,
 			leaderAsyncReload:       util.Some(false),
 			leaderSuccessReplica:    []string{"z3"},
-			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessFollowerRead,
+			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessStaleRead,
 			followerRegionValid:     true,
 			followerAsyncReload:     util.Some(false),
 			followerSuccessReplica:  []string{"z3"},
-			followerSuccessReadType: SuccessFollowerRead,
+			followerSuccessReadType: SuccessStaleRead,
 		},
 		{
 			do:                      leaderServerIsBusy,
@@ -405,11 +406,11 @@ func TestRegionCacheStaleRead(t *testing.T) {
 			leaderRegionValid:       true,
 			leaderAsyncReload:       util.Some(false),
 			leaderSuccessReplica:    []string{"z2", "z3"},
-			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessFollowerRead,
+			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessStaleRead,
 			followerRegionValid:     true,
 			followerAsyncReload:     util.Some(false),
 			followerSuccessReplica:  []string{"z2", "z3"},
-			followerSuccessReadType: SuccessFollowerRead,
+			followerSuccessReadType: SuccessStaleRead,
 		},
 		{
 			do:                      leaderServerIsBusy,
@@ -418,11 +419,11 @@ func TestRegionCacheStaleRead(t *testing.T) {
 			leaderRegionValid:       true,
 			leaderAsyncReload:       util.Some(false),
 			leaderSuccessReplica:    []string{"z3"},
-			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessFollowerRead,
+			leaderSuccessReadType:   SuccessStaleRead,
 			followerRegionValid:     true,
 			followerAsyncReload:     util.Some(false),
 			followerSuccessReplica:  []string{"z3"},
-			followerSuccessReadType: SuccessFollowerRead,
+			followerSuccessReadType: SuccessStaleRead,
 		},
 		{
 			do:                      leaderDown,
diff --git a/internal/locate/region_request_test.go b/internal/locate/region_request_test.go
index c43aecb..ca03c66 100644
--- a/internal/locate/region_request_test.go
+++ b/internal/locate/region_request_test.go
@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/client"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/client/mockserver"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/internal/mockstore/mocktikv"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle"
+	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/oracle/oracles"
 	"github.com/tikv/client-go/v2/tikvrpc"
+	pd "github.com/tikv/pd/client"
 	pderr "github.com/tikv/pd/client/errs"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc"
 )
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ type testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite struct {
 	store               uint64
 	peer                uint64
 	region              uint64
+	pdCli               pd.Client
 	cache               *RegionCache
 	bo                  *retry.Backoffer
 	regionRequestSender *RegionRequestSender
@@ -89,11 +93,11 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) SetupTest() {
 	s.mvccStore = mocktikv.MustNewMVCCStore()
 	s.cluster = mocktikv.NewCluster(s.mvccStore)
 	s.store, s.peer, s.region = mocktikv.BootstrapWithSingleStore(s.cluster)
-	pdCli := &CodecPDClient{mocktikv.NewPDClient(s.cluster), apicodec.NewCodecV1(apicodec.ModeTxn)}
-	s.cache = NewRegionCache(pdCli)
+	s.pdCli = &CodecPDClient{mocktikv.NewPDClient(s.cluster), apicodec.NewCodecV1(apicodec.ModeTxn)}
+	s.cache = NewRegionCache(s.pdCli)
 	s.bo = retry.NewNoopBackoff(context.Background())
 	client := mocktikv.NewRPCClient(s.cluster, s.mvccStore, nil)
-	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client)
+	s.regionRequestSender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 
 	s.NoError(failpoint.Enable("tikvclient/doNotRecoverStoreHealthCheckPanic", "return"))
 }
@@ -601,7 +605,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestNoReloadRegionForGrpcWhenCtxCa
 	}()
 
 	cli := client.NewRPCClient()
-	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli)
+	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	req := tikvrpc.NewRequest(tikvrpc.CmdRawPut, &kvrpcpb.RawPutRequest{
 		Key:   []byte("key"),
 		Value: []byte("value"),
@@ -622,7 +626,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestNoReloadRegionForGrpcWhenCtxCa
 		Client:       client.NewRPCClient(),
 		redirectAddr: addr,
 	}
-	sender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client1)
+	sender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, client1, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	sender.SendReq(s.bo, req, region.Region, 3*time.Second)
 
 	// cleanup
@@ -806,7 +810,7 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestBatchClientSendLoopPanic() {
 					cancel()
 				}()
 				req := tikvrpc.NewRequest(tikvrpc.CmdCop, &coprocessor.Request{Data: []byte("a"), StartTs: 1})
-				regionRequestSender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient)
+				regionRequestSender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 				reachable.injectConstantLiveness(regionRequestSender.regionCache.stores)
 				regionRequestSender.SendReq(bo, req, region.Region, client.ReadTimeoutShort)
 			}
@@ -850,19 +854,19 @@ type emptyClient struct {
 
 func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestClientExt() {
 	var cli client.Client = client.NewRPCClient()
-	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli)
+	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	s.NotNil(sender.client)
 	s.NotNil(sender.getClientExt())
 	cli.Close()
 
 	cli = &emptyClient{}
-	sender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli)
+	sender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, cli, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	s.NotNil(sender.client)
 	s.Nil(sender.getClientExt())
 }
 
 func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestRegionRequestSenderString() {
-	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, &fnClient{})
+	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, &fnClient{}, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	loc, err := s.cache.LocateRegionByID(s.bo, s.region)
 	s.Nil(err)
 	// invalid region cache before sending request.
@@ -914,6 +918,55 @@ func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestRegionRequestStats() {
 	s.Contains(expecteds, access.String())
 }
 
+func (s *testRegionRequestToSingleStoreSuite) TestRegionRequestValidateReadTS() {
+	o, err := oracles.NewPdOracle(s.pdCli, &oracles.PDOracleOptions{
+		UpdateInterval: time.Second * 2,
+	})
+	s.NoError(err)
+	s.regionRequestSender.readTSValidator = o
+	defer o.Close()
+
+	testImpl := func(ts func() uint64, staleRead bool, expectedErrorType error) {
+		region, err := s.cache.LocateRegionByID(s.bo, s.region)
+		s.Nil(err)
+		s.NotNil(region)
+
+		req := tikvrpc.NewRequest(tikvrpc.CmdGet, &kvrpcpb.GetRequest{
+			Key:     []byte("k"),
+			Version: ts(),
+		})
+
+		req.StaleRead = staleRead
+		_, _, _, err = s.regionRequestSender.SendReqCtx(s.bo, req, region.Region, time.Second, tikvrpc.TiKV)
+
+		if expectedErrorType == nil {
+			s.NoError(err)
+		} else {
+			s.Error(err)
+			s.IsType(err, expectedErrorType)
+		}
+	}
+
+	getTS := func() uint64 {
+		ts, err := o.GetTimestamp(s.bo.GetCtx(), &oracle.Option{TxnScope: oracle.GlobalTxnScope})
+		s.NoError(err)
+		return ts
+	}
+
+	addTS := func(ts uint64, diff time.Duration) uint64 {
+		return oracle.ComposeTS(oracle.GetPhysical(oracle.GetTimeFromTS(ts).Add(diff)), oracle.ExtractLogical(ts))
+	}
+
+	testImpl(getTS, false, nil)
+	testImpl(getTS, true, nil)
+	testImpl(func() uint64 { return addTS(getTS(), -time.Minute) }, false, nil)
+	testImpl(func() uint64 { return addTS(getTS(), -time.Minute) }, true, nil)
+	testImpl(func() uint64 { return addTS(getTS(), +time.Minute) }, false, oracle.ErrFutureTSRead{})
+	testImpl(func() uint64 { return addTS(getTS(), +time.Minute) }, true, oracle.ErrFutureTSRead{})
+	testImpl(func() uint64 { return math.MaxUint64 }, false, nil)
+	testImpl(func() uint64 { return math.MaxUint64 }, true, oracle.ErrLatestStaleRead{})
+}
+
 type noCauseError struct {
 	error
 }
diff --git a/internal/locate/replica_selector_test.go b/internal/locate/replica_selector_test.go
index e7af35f..3721729 100644
--- a/internal/locate/replica_selector_test.go
+++ b/internal/locate/replica_selector_test.go
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"},
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}"},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
 			backoffCnt:      0,
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"}, // store2 has DeadLineExceededErr, so don't retry store2 even it is new leader.
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}"}, // store2 has DeadLineExceededErr, so don't retry store2 even it is new leader.
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
 			backoffCnt:      0,
@@ -504,8 +504,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 		expect: &accessPathResult{
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"},
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}"},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: fakeEpochNotMatch,
 			backoffCnt:      1,
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"},
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}"},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
 			backoffCnt:      0,
@@ -568,8 +568,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}", // try leader with leader read.
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: fakeEpochNotMatch,
@@ -590,8 +590,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}", // try leader with leader read.
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store1, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
@@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}", // try leader with leader read.
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store1, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: fakeEpochNotMatch,
@@ -654,8 +654,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase(t *testing.T) {
 		expect: &accessPathResult{
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
@@ -920,7 +920,7 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByCase2(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"},
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}"},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
 			backoffCnt:      0,
@@ -1052,9 +1052,16 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByBasicCase(t *testing.T) {
 							backoff = []string{}
 						}
 						if staleRead {
-							accessPath = []string{
-								"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
-								"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+							if tp == ServerIsBusyErr || tp == ServerIsBusyWithEstimatedWaitMsErr {
+								accessPath = []string{
+									"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+									"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+								}
+							} else {
+								accessPath = []string{
+									"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+									"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+								}
 							}
 						}
 					default:
@@ -1918,8 +1925,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByStaleReadCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}", // try leader with leader read.
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: fakeEpochNotMatch,
@@ -1940,8 +1947,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByStaleReadCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}", // try leader with leader read.
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store1, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: fakeEpochNotMatch,
@@ -2050,8 +2057,8 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByStaleReadCase(t *testing.T) {
 		expect: &accessPathResult{
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
-				"{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
@@ -2073,7 +2080,7 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByStaleReadCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
@@ -2095,7 +2102,7 @@ func TestReplicaReadAccessPathByStaleReadCase(t *testing.T) {
 			accessPath: []string{
 				"{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 				"{addr: store1, replica-read: false, stale-read: false}",
-				"{addr: store3, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}",
+				"{addr: store3, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}",
 			},
 			respErr:         "",
 			respRegionError: nil,
@@ -2666,7 +2673,11 @@ func TestReplicaReadAvoidSlowStore(t *testing.T) {
 			if expectedFirstStore == 3 {
 				// Retry on store 2 which is a follower.
 				// Stale-read mode falls back to replica-read mode.
-				expectedSecondPath = "{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"
+				if staleRead {
+					expectedSecondPath = "{addr: store2, replica-read: false, stale-read: true}"
+				} else {
+					expectedSecondPath = "{addr: store2, replica-read: true, stale-read: false}"
+				}
 			} else {
 				if staleRead {
 					// Retry in leader read mode
@@ -2782,7 +2793,7 @@ func (ca *replicaSelectorAccessPathCase) run(s *testReplicaSelectorSuite) *Regio
 			Value: []byte("hello world"),
 		}}, nil
 	}}
-	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient)
+	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	req, opts, timeout := ca.buildRequest(s)
 	beforeRun(s, ca)
 	rc := s.getRegion()
@@ -3209,7 +3220,7 @@ func TestTiKVClientReadTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	req.ReplicaReadType = kv.ReplicaReadLeader
 	req.MaxExecutionDurationMs = 1
 	bo := retry.NewBackofferWithVars(context.Background(), 2000, nil)
-	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient)
+	sender := NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	resp, _, err := sender.SendReq(bo, req, rc.VerID(), time.Millisecond)
 	s.Nil(err)
 	s.NotNil(resp)
@@ -3223,7 +3234,7 @@ func TestTiKVClientReadTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	}, accessPath)
 	// clear max execution duration for retry.
 	req.MaxExecutionDurationMs = 0
-	sender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient)
+	sender = NewRegionRequestSender(s.cache, fnClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 	resp, _, err = sender.SendReq(bo, req, rc.VerID(), time.Second) // use a longer timeout.
 	s.Nil(err)
 	s.NotNil(resp)
@@ -3299,7 +3310,7 @@ func BenchmarkReplicaSelector(b *testing.B) {
 		if err != nil {
 			b.Fail()
 		}
-		sender := NewRegionRequestSender(cache, fnClient)
+		sender := NewRegionRequestSender(cache, fnClient, oracle.NoopReadTSValidator{})
 		sender.SendReqCtx(bo, req, loc.Region, client.ReadTimeoutShort, tikvrpc.TiKV)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art_node_test.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art_node_test.go
index 641689f..233b211 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art_node_test.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art_node_test.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func TestAllocNode(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NotNil(t, n4)
 		checkNodeInitialization(t, n4)
 		n4.nodeNum = uint8(i % 4)
-		n4.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxPrefixLen)
+		n4.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxInNodePrefixLen)
 		n4s = append(n4s, addr)
 	}
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestAllocNode(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NotNil(t, n16)
 		checkNodeInitialization(t, n16)
 		n16.nodeNum = uint8(i % 16)
-		n16.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxPrefixLen)
+		n16.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxInNodePrefixLen)
 		n16s = append(n16s, addr)
 	}
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ func TestAllocNode(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NotNil(t, n48)
 		checkNodeInitialization(t, n48)
 		n48.nodeNum = uint8(i % 48)
-		n48.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxPrefixLen)
+		n48.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxInNodePrefixLen)
 		n48s = append(n48s, addr)
 	}
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestAllocNode(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NotNil(t, n256)
 		checkNodeInitialization(t, n256)
 		n256.nodeNum = uint8(i % 256)
-		n256.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxPrefixLen)
+		n256.prefixLen = uint32(i % maxInNodePrefixLen)
 		n256s = append(n256s, addr)
 	}
 
@@ -97,22 +97,22 @@ func TestAllocNode(t *testing.T) {
 	for i, addr := range n4s {
 		n4 := allocator.getNode4(addr)
 		require.Equal(t, uint8(i%4), n4.nodeNum, i)
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxPrefixLen), n4.prefixLen, i)
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxInNodePrefixLen), n4.prefixLen, i)
 	}
 	for i, addr := range n16s {
 		n16 := allocator.getNode16(addr)
 		require.Equal(t, uint8(i%16), n16.nodeNum)
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxPrefixLen), n16.prefixLen, i)
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxInNodePrefixLen), n16.prefixLen, i)
 	}
 	for i, addr := range n48s {
 		n48 := allocator.getNode48(addr)
 		require.Equal(t, uint8(i%48), n48.nodeNum)
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxPrefixLen), n48.prefixLen, i)
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxInNodePrefixLen), n48.prefixLen, i)
 	}
 	for i, addr := range n256s {
 		n256 := allocator.getNode256(addr)
 		require.Equal(t, uint8(i%256), n256.nodeNum)
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxPrefixLen), n256.prefixLen, i)
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(i%maxInNodePrefixLen), n256.prefixLen, i)
 	}
 	for i, addr := range leafs {
 		key := []byte(strconv.Itoa(i))
@@ -142,15 +142,15 @@ func TestNodePrefix(t *testing.T) {
 		require.Equal(t, uint32(5), idx)
 
 		// deep match
-		leafKey := append(make([]byte, maxPrefixLen), []byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}...)
+		leafKey := append(make([]byte, maxInNodePrefixLen), []byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}...)
 		leafAddr, _ := allocator.allocLeaf(leafKey)
 		an.addChild(&allocator, 2, false, artNode{kind: typeLeaf, addr: leafAddr})
 		// the real prefix is [0, ..., 0, 1], but the node.prefix only store [0, ..., 0]
-		n.setPrefix(leafKey, maxPrefixLen+1)
-		matchKey := append(make([]byte, maxPrefixLen), []byte{1, 22, 33, 44, 55}...)
-		mismatchKey := append(make([]byte, maxPrefixLen), []byte{11, 22, 33, 44, 55}...)
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxPrefixLen+1), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, matchKey, 0))
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxPrefixLen), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, mismatchKey, 0))
+		n.setPrefix(leafKey, maxInNodePrefixLen+1)
+		matchKey := append(make([]byte, maxInNodePrefixLen), []byte{1, 22, 33, 44, 55}...)
+		mismatchKey := append(make([]byte, maxInNodePrefixLen), []byte{11, 22, 33, 44, 55}...)
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxInNodePrefixLen+1), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, matchKey, 0))
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxInNodePrefixLen), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, mismatchKey, 0))
 
 		// deep match with depth
 		leafKey = append(make([]byte, 10), leafKey...)
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ func TestNodePrefix(t *testing.T) {
 		mismatchKey = append(make([]byte, 10), mismatchKey...)
 		leafAddr, _ = allocator.allocLeaf(leafKey)
 		an.replaceChild(&allocator, 2, artNode{kind: typeLeaf, addr: leafAddr})
-		n.setPrefix(leafKey[10:], maxPrefixLen+1)
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxPrefixLen+1), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, matchKey, 10))
-		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxPrefixLen), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, mismatchKey, 10))
+		n.setPrefix(leafKey[10:], maxInNodePrefixLen+1)
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxInNodePrefixLen+1), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, matchKey, 10))
+		require.Equal(t, uint32(maxInNodePrefixLen), n.matchDeep(&allocator, an, mismatchKey, 10))
 	}
 
 	addr, n4 := allocator.allocNode4()
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ func TestMinimumNode(t *testing.T) {
 			lfAddr, _ := allocator.allocLeaf([]byte{char})
 			lfNode := artNode{kind: typeLeaf, addr: lfAddr}
 			node.addChild(&allocator, char, false, lfNode)
-			minNode := minimum(&allocator, node)
+			minNode := minimumLeafNode(&allocator, node)
 			require.Equal(t, typeLeaf, minNode.kind)
 			require.Equal(t, lfAddr, minNode.addr)
 		}
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ func TestMinimumNode(t *testing.T) {
 		lfAddr, _ := allocator.allocLeaf([]byte{0})
 		lfNode := artNode{kind: typeLeaf, addr: lfAddr}
 		node.addChild(&allocator, 0, true, lfNode)
-		minNode := minimum(&allocator, node)
+		minNode := minimumLeafNode(&allocator, node)
 		require.Equal(t, typeLeaf, minNode.kind)
 		require.Equal(t, lfAddr, minNode.addr)
 	}
diff --git a/internal/unionstore/art/art_test.go b/internal/unionstore/art/art_test.go
index b5f4148..0bdf990 100644
--- a/internal/unionstore/art/art_test.go
+++ b/internal/unionstore/art/art_test.go
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ func TestSearchOptimisticMismatch(t *testing.T) {
 	prefix := make([]byte, 22)
 	tree.Set(append(prefix, []byte{1}...), prefix)
 	tree.Set(append(prefix, []byte{2}...), prefix)
-	// the search key is matched within maxPrefixLen, but the full key is not matched.
+	// the search key is matched within maxInNodePrefixLen, but the full key is not matched.
 	_, err := tree.Get(append(make([]byte, 21), []byte{1, 1}...))
 	require.NotNil(t, err)
 }
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func TestSearchOptimisticMismatch(t *testing.T) {
 func TestExpansion(t *testing.T) {
 	// expand leaf
 	tree := New()
-	prefix := make([]byte, maxPrefixLen)
+	prefix := make([]byte, maxInNodePrefixLen)
 	tree.Set(append(prefix, []byte{1, 1, 1, 1}...), []byte{1})
 	an := tree.root.asNode4(&tree.allocator).children[0]
 	require.Equal(t, an.kind, typeLeaf)
diff --git a/oracle/oracles/export_test.go b/oracle/oracles/export_test.go
index b5e874a..d18c962 100644
--- a/oracle/oracles/export_test.go
+++ b/oracle/oracles/export_test.go
@@ -87,6 +87,6 @@ func SetEmptyPDOracleLastTs(oc oracle.Oracle, ts uint64) {
 	case *pdOracle:
 		lastTSInterface, _ := o.lastTSMap.LoadOrStore(oracle.GlobalTxnScope, &atomic.Pointer[lastTSO]{})
 		lastTSPointer := lastTSInterface.(*atomic.Pointer[lastTSO])
-		lastTSPointer.Store(&lastTSO{tso: ts, arrival: ts})
+		lastTSPointer.Store(&lastTSO{tso: ts, arrival: oracle.GetTimeFromTS(ts)})
 	}
 }
diff --git a/oracle/oracles/pd_test.go b/oracle/oracles/pd_test.go
index b1fa6d3..5110cc2 100644
--- a/oracle/oracles/pd_test.go
+++ b/oracle/oracles/pd_test.go
@@ -342,40 +342,54 @@ func TestAdaptiveUpdateTSInterval(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, adaptiveUpdateTSIntervalStateUnadjustable, o.adaptiveUpdateIntervalState.state)
 }
 
-func TestValidateSnapshotReadTS(t *testing.T) {
-	pdClient := MockPdClient{}
-	o, err := NewPdOracle(&pdClient, &PDOracleOptions{
-		UpdateInterval: time.Second * 2,
-	})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	defer o.Close()
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	opt := &oracle.Option{TxnScope: oracle.GlobalTxnScope}
-	ts, err := o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, ts, uint64(1))
+func TestValidateReadTS(t *testing.T) {
+	testImpl := func(staleRead bool) {
+		pdClient := MockPdClient{}
+		o, err := NewPdOracle(&pdClient, &PDOracleOptions{
+			UpdateInterval: time.Second * 2,
+		})
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		defer o.Close()
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		opt := &oracle.Option{TxnScope: oracle.GlobalTxnScope}
+
+		// Always returns error for MaxUint64
+		err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, math.MaxUint64, staleRead, opt)
+		if staleRead {
+			assert.Error(t, err)
+		} else {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		}
 
-	err = o.ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx, 1, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	ts, err = o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	// The readTS exceeds the latest ts, so it first fails the check with the low resolution ts. Then it fallbacks to
-	// the fetching-from-PD path, and it can get the previous ts + 1, which can allow this validation to pass.
-	err = o.ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx, ts+1, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	// It can't pass if the readTS is newer than previous ts + 2.
-	ts, err = o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	err = o.ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx, ts+2, opt)
-	assert.Error(t, err)
+		ts, err := o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, ts, uint64(1))
+
+		err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, 1, staleRead, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		ts, err = o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		// The readTS exceeds the latest ts, so it first fails the check with the low resolution ts. Then it fallbacks to
+		// the fetching-from-PD path, and it can get the previous ts + 1, which can allow this validation to pass.
+		err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, ts+1, staleRead, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		// It can't pass if the readTS is newer than previous ts + 2.
+		ts, err = o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, ts+2, staleRead, opt)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+
+		// Simulate other PD clients requests a timestamp.
+		ts, err = o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		pdClient.logicalTimestamp.Add(2)
+		err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, ts+3, staleRead, opt)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+	}
 
-	// Simulate other PD clients requests a timestamp.
-	ts, err = o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	pdClient.logicalTimestamp.Add(2)
-	err = o.ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx, ts+3, opt)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	testImpl(true)
+	testImpl(false)
 }
 
 type MockPDClientWithPause struct {
@@ -397,7 +411,7 @@ func (c *MockPDClientWithPause) Resume() {
 	c.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-func TestValidateSnapshotReadTSReusingGetTSResult(t *testing.T) {
+func TestValidateReadTSForStaleReadReusingGetTSResult(t *testing.T) {
 	pdClient := &MockPDClientWithPause{}
 	o, err := NewPdOracle(pdClient, &PDOracleOptions{
 		UpdateInterval: time.Second * 2,
@@ -409,7 +423,7 @@ func TestValidateSnapshotReadTSReusingGetTSResult(t *testing.T) {
 	asyncValidate := func(ctx context.Context, readTS uint64) chan error {
 		ch := make(chan error, 1)
 		go func() {
-			err := o.ValidateSnapshotReadTS(ctx, readTS, &oracle.Option{TxnScope: oracle.GlobalTxnScope})
+			err := o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, readTS, true, &oracle.Option{TxnScope: oracle.GlobalTxnScope})
 			ch <- err
 		}()
 		return ch
@@ -418,7 +432,7 @@ func TestValidateSnapshotReadTSReusingGetTSResult(t *testing.T) {
 	noResult := func(ch chan error) {
 		select {
 		case <-ch:
-			assert.FailNow(t, "a ValidateSnapshotReadTS operation is not blocked while it's expected to be blocked")
+			assert.FailNow(t, "a ValidateReadTS operation is not blocked while it's expected to be blocked")
 		default:
 		}
 	}
@@ -496,3 +510,44 @@ func TestValidateSnapshotReadTSReusingGetTSResult(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestValidateReadTSForNormalReadDoNotAffectUpdateInterval(t *testing.T) {
+	oracleInterface, err := NewPdOracle(&MockPdClient{}, &PDOracleOptions{
+		UpdateInterval: time.Second * 2,
+		NoUpdateTS:     true,
+	})
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	o := oracleInterface.(*pdOracle)
+	defer o.Close()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	opt := &oracle.Option{TxnScope: oracle.GlobalTxnScope}
+
+	// Validating read ts for non-stale-read requests must not trigger updating the adaptive update interval of
+	// low resolution ts.
+	mustNoNotify := func() {
+		select {
+		case <-o.adaptiveUpdateIntervalState.shrinkIntervalCh:
+			assert.Fail(t, "expects not notifying shrinking update interval immediately, but message was received")
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+
+	ts, err := o.GetTimestamp(ctx, opt)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, ts, uint64(1))
+
+	err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, ts, false, opt)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	mustNoNotify()
+
+	// It loads `ts + 1` from the mock PD, and the check cannot pass.
+	err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, ts+2, false, opt)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	mustNoNotify()
+
+	// Do the check again. It loads `ts + 2` from the mock PD, and the check passes.
+	err = o.ValidateReadTS(ctx, ts+2, false, opt)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	mustNoNotify()
+}
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/test_probe.go b/txnkv/transaction/test_probe.go
index b782a3a..7e0a582 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/test_probe.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/test_probe.go
@@ -38,11 +38,6 @@ func (txn TxnProbe) SetStartTS(ts uint64) {
 	txn.startTS = ts
 }
 
-// GetCommitTS returns the commit ts.
-func (txn TxnProbe) GetCommitTS() uint64 {
-	return txn.commitTS
-}
-
 // GetUnionStore returns transaction's embedded unionstore.
 func (txn TxnProbe) GetUnionStore() *unionstore.KVUnionStore {
 	return txn.us